Tesis sobre el tema "Spearman's correlation"

Most American universities and colleges require students to provide faculty evaluation at end of each academic term, as a way of measuring faculty teaching performance. Although some analysts think that this kind of evaluation does not necessarily provide a good measurement of teaching effectiveness, there is a growing agreement in the academic world about its reliability. This study attempts to find any strong statistical evidence supporting faculty evaluation by students as a measure of faculty teaching effectiveness. Emphasis will be on analyzing relationships between instructor ratings by students and corresponding students’ grades. Various statistical methods are applied to analyze a sample of real data and derive conclusions. Methods considered include multivariate statistical analysis, principal component analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Spearman's and Kendall’s rank correlation coefficients, linear and logistic regression analysis.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The present master thesis’ goal is to evaluate the correlations between the Organization Culture, Knowledge Management – KM, and Sustainability in organizations. Therefore, the methodology applied in this study was the analysis of correlation using the Spearman’s Correlation Test in six companies of different branches, featuring a multi-case study, being also applied in one of the companies individually for a case study. The research instrument used was a questionnaire composed of 26 questions based on three themes: Edgar Schein’s cultural typology (artifacts, values and basic assumptions), Barclay and Murray’s model of Knowledge Management (mechanistic, cultural, and systematic), and the Elkington’s Triple Bottom Line (social, environmental, and economic). The results show a Correlation Matrix which distributes the relations in six scenarios, individually analyzed, both in the multi-case study, as in the case study. They were: 1. Organization Culture- Organizational Culture; 2. Knowledge Management – Knowledge Management; 3. Sustainability – Sustainability; 4. Organizational Culture – Sustainability; 5. Knowledge Management – Sustainability; 6. Organization Culture – Knowledge Management. On scenario 1 it was verified that the collaborators perception when the culture is on the first two dimensions of the model, artifacts and values. The scenario 2 called the attention to the absence of a management model knowledge-oriented. The scenario 3 stands out because of the correlation between items from the environmental and social dimensions and the difficulty of involvement with the economic dimension. The majority of weak correlations marked scenario 4, with pairs involving items from the culture model and the items of the environmental and social dimensions of sustainability. Scenario 5 also highlighted a large number of weak correlations explained by the absence of a knowledge management model within organizations that works together with sustainable measures. Lastly, the scenario 6 presented inferior correlation compared to the others, once the pairs of weak relations obtained the minimum level of the allowed range, what mean very close to the null correlations that were also highlighted, fact explained by the superficiality of the knowledge of the culture and absence of a KM model. On the other hand, by the case study it was concluded that for Scenario 1 there is a correlation between the items of the organizational culture highlighting the good perception of employees regarding the culture in which they are inserted, but not in an in-depth way. In Scenario 2, there was no correlation between the items of Knowledge Management, highlighting the absence of a knowledge-driven management, because the Environmental Management System manages the organization. In Scenario 3 it was presented correlations on sustainability, highlighting the environmental and social dimensions as strengths. Finally, Scenario 6 also found no relationship between the items, highlighting the absence of a KM model and the perception of culture focused on the visible characteristics (furniture, architecture, and equipment) and the employees’ behavior. In general, the results of the case and multi-case study showed that the correlations between Organizational Culture, Knowledge Management and Sustainability are lower in number and type than expected. Also highlighting the existence of points in each theme that, when working in organizations, may improve the results of these correlations.
A pressente dissertação tem como objetivo avaliar as correlações entre a Cultura Organizacional, a Gestão do Conhecimento - GC e a Sustentabilidade nas organizações. Para tanto a metodologia adotada estudo foi uma análise de correlação utilizando o Teste de Correlação de Spearman em seis empresas de ramos distintos, caracterizando um estudo multicaso, sendo também aplicado em uma das organizações de forma individual para um estudo de caso. O instrumento de pesquisa utilizado foi um questionário composto por 26 questões baseadas em três construtos: a tipologia cultural de Edgar Schein (artefatos, valores e pressupostos básicos), o modelo de Gestão do Conhecimento de Barclay e Murray (mecanicista, cultural e sistemática), e o Triple Botton Line de Elkington (social, ambiental e econômico). Os resultados apresentaram uma Matriz de Correlação que distribuiu as relações em seis cenários analisados individualmente, tanto no estudo multicaso, como no estudo de caso, foram eles: 1. Cultura Organizacional – Cultura Organizacional; 2. Gestão do Conhecimento – Gestão do Conhecimento; 3. Sustentabilidade – Sustentabilidade; 4. Cultura Organizacional – Sustentabilidade; 5. Gestão do Conhecimento – Sustentabilidade; 6. Cultura Organizacional – Gestão do Conhecimento. No Cenário 1 foi verificado que a percepção dos colaboradores quando a cultura se encontra nas duas primeiras dimensões do modelo, os artefatos e valores. O Cenário 2 chamou atenção para a ausência de um modelo de gestão voltado para o conhecimento. No cenário 3 destacou-se pela correlação entre os itens da dimensão ambiental e social e pela dificuldade de envolvimento com a dimensão econômica. O Cenário 4 foi marcado pela maioria de correlações fracas com pares envolvendo itens do modelo de cultura e os itens das dimensões ambiental e social da sustentabilidade. O Cenário 5 também destacou grande número de correlações fracas explicado pela ausência de um modelo de gestão do conhecimento dentro das organizações que trabalhe junto com as medidas sustentáveis. Por fim, o Cenário 6 apresentou correlações inferiores aos demais, uma vez que os pares de relações fracas obtiveram o nível mínimo do intervalo permitido, ou seja, bem próximos às correlações nulas que também foram destaque, fato explicado pela superficialidade do conhecimento da cultura e ausência de um modelo de GC. Já pelo estudo de caso, concluiu-se que para o Cenário 1 existe correlação entre os itens da cultura organizacional destacando a boa percepção dos colaboradores quanto à cultura em estão inseridos, mas não de forma aprofundada. O Cenário 2 não apresentou correlações entre os itens da Gestão do Conhecimento, destacando a ausência de uma gestão voltada para o conhecimento, pois a organização é gerida pelo Sistema de Gestão Ambiental. O Cenário 3 apresentaram correlações quanto à sustentabilidade, destacando as dimensões ambiental e social como pontos fortes. O Cenário 4 destacou a existência de relações entre a cultura e a sustentabilidade, devido ao clima e ao próprio negócio da organização. No Cenário 5 não foi possível afirmar a existência de correlações entre os itens da GC e da sustentabilidade devido ao modelo de gestão utilizado na organização ser focado na sustentabilidade, diferente do voltado para o compartilhamento do conhecimento. Por fim, no Cenário 6 também não foram encontradas relações entre os itens, destacando a ausência de uma modelo de GC e a percepção da cultura focada nas caraterísticas visíveis (mobiliário, arquitetura, equipamentos) e no comportamento dos colaboradores. De forma geral, os resultados do estudo, de caso e multicaso, apontaram que as correlações entre a Cultura Organizacional, Gestão do Conhecimento e a Sustentabilidade, são inferiores em número e em tipo em relação ao esperado. Destacando ainda a existência de pontos em cada construto que, ao ser trabalhado nas organizações, podem vir a melhorar o resultado dessas correlações.

Neste trabalho foi analisada a influência de um evento sobre o mercado de ações brasileiro a partir das redes, e suas árvores geradoras mínimas, obtidas de medidas de dependência baseadas nas correlações de Pearson, de Spearman e de Kendall. O evento considerado foi a notícia da noite de 17 de maio de 2017 em que o dono da empresa brasileira JBS, Joesley Batista, gravou o então Presidente da República Michel Temer autorizando a compra do silêncio de um Deputado Federal. O dia seguinte a notícia, 18 de maio de 2017, foi definido como o dia do evento. Foram coletados dados de alta frequência de 58 ações do Ibovespa no período de 11 a 25 de maio de 2017. As alterações nas redes das ações do mercado foram analisadas comparando-se o período anterior e posterior ao evento em duas escalas de tempo: (1) Redes diárias: cinco pregões antes do evento, o dia do evento e, cinco pregões depois do evento, com cotações a cada 15 minutos; (2) Agrupadas em antes e depois: agrupando os dados dos 5 dias antes e dos 5 dias depois do evento. O estudo das redes diárias indicou mudança de tendência nas suas propriedades no decorrer do período que contém o evento, com cotações a cada 15 minutos. Isto sugeriu que análise do efeito médio contido nos dados agrupados antes de depois do evento poderiam tornar mais evidente as mudanças na estrutura de rede das ações. As redes antes e depois do evento apresentaram mudanças significativas nas suas métricas que ficaram mais evidenciadas nas árvores geradoras mínimas. As redes geradas pelas correlações de Kendall e Spearman apresentaram um número maior de agrupamentos antes e depois do evento e, após o evento, as árvores geradoras mínimas apresentaram uma redução do número de agrupamentos de ações para todos os tipos de correlação. As distribuições de grau ponderado após o evento indicam uma probabilidade maior de vértices com graus distante da média. As métricas das árvores geradoras mínimas por correlação de Spearman sofreram a maior variação, seguidas pelas de Kendall e Pearson, e também, indicaram que as redes após o evento ficaram mais robustas, ou seja, mais rígidas. A maior robustez das redes após o evento indica maior conectividade do mercado, tornando-o, como um todo, mais suscetível ao impacto de novos acontecimentos.
In this work the influence of an event on the Brazilian stock market was analyzed from networks and its minimum spanning trees obtained from measures of dependence based on the Pearson, Spearman, and Kendall\'s correlations. The event considered was the news in the evening of May 17, 2017 in which the owner of the Brazilian company JBS, Joesley Batista, recorded the Brazilian President Michel Temer authorizing the purchase of the silence of a congress member. The day just after the news, May 18, 2017, was defined as the event day. High-frequency data from 58 Ibovespa shares were collected from 11 to 25 May 2017. Changes in the stocks networks were analyzed comparing the period before and after the event in two time scales: (1) Daily networks: five trade sections before the event, the day of the event and, five trade sections after the event, with price every 15 minutes; (2) Grouped before and after do evento: grouping data from 5 days before and 5 days after event. The study of the daily networks indicated a change of trend in their properties during the period that contains the event, with quotations every 15 minutes. The study of daily networks indicated a change of trend in their properties during the period containing the event. This suggested that analysis of the mean effect of grouped data before and after the event could highlight the changes in the network structure. The networks before and after the event showed significant changes in their metrics, which became more evident from the minimum spanning trees. After the event, the minimum spanning trees for grouped data got a smaller number of clusters in the networks for all kind of correlations. The networks generated by Kendall and Spearman correlations presented a larger number of clusters before and after the event. The weighted degree distributions after the event suggest a power law decay tail for all the correlations considered and indicates a higher probability of vertices with weighted degrees far away from the mean weighted degree. The minimum spanning tree metrics generated by Spearman correlation suffered the greatest variation, followed by those of Kendall and Pearson; and their values indicates that after the event the networks became more robust, that is, more rigid. The increase in the networks robustness after the event indicates a higher market connectivity, making it as a whole, more susceptible to the impact of new events.

The research question addressed by this dissertation is: How is the tourist experience formed and what constitutes the authenticity of the tourist experience for two market segments (motivated and not motivated by learning) of tourists visiting (political) cultural heritage sites in South Africa. The study explores the correlation between three types of authenticity, namely objective, constructed and existential on two independent tourist samples, motivated and not motivated by learning. This research was initiated for three reasons. The first reason forms part of the research problem; South African cultural experiences received the lowest ratings from the international tourists despite the fact that culture and heritage play a role in reimaging South Africa from Big 5 destination into ‘It’s possible’ and ‘Leave ordinary behind’. It was suspected that not all types of cultural heritage products justify such a low ratings, especially not the political cultural heritage sites South Africa is famous for. The second reason emerged from the academic literature on authenticity theories and calls from the influential group of postmodernist scholars to declare the objective authenticity obsolete and replace it with the existential authenticity. The argument that; the hyperreal nature of the postmodern experience and its detachment from reality makes the authenticity of the site redundant, seemed inapt for cultural heritage sites exclusively dependent on their historical and authentic values. The third reason was the inability of the postmodern paradigm to explain the new tourism phenomenon driven by the tourists search for selfdevelopment through authentic experiences. The new emerging paradigm, transmodernity seemed to offer better theoretical framework in explaining the omnivorouessness of tourists’ consumption and the authentic nature of tourist experiences. The correlational character of the research question required a descriptive correlational design and quantitative methodology. The selected research instrument for primary data collection is a self–administered questionnaire. The sampling strategy is a non–probability sampling, and the sampling method is a convenience or accidental sample. The data was collected from November 2010 to February 2011 at the Constitutional Hill National Heritage Site in Johannesburg. The final sample (436) consists of 254 foreign and 182 domestic tourists. The questionnaire was designed to identify the variables pertinent to each type of authenticity of tourists experience and of the resultant tourist experience. The data analysis provided very interesting results. Firstly, the results of crosstabulation proved that more than half (56%) of the tourists expressed strong agreement that the Constitution Hill provided them with authentic experience, hence a proof that political heritage sites are not responsible for the overall low experiential ratings of the country’s culture and heritage. Secondly, the results of the Spearman’s correlation coefficient proved that objective authenticity as an independent variable have strong positive correlation with constructed and existential authenticity hence a proof that objective authenticity cannot be declared obsolete and replaced with existential authenticity. Finally, the results of the t–test proved that motivation for learning and place of birth do not play an important role in how tourist evaluate and experience the authenticity of the site pointing to the omnivorous nature of tourist consumption. In line with the transmodern paradigm, motivation for learning plays a critical role in triggering the transformative, authentic experience distinctive of the existential authenticity. The results of the study also showed that 32% of tourists are in fact the purposeful, New Age, transmodern Cultural Creatives. Proposed theoretical model of authenticity of tourists experience presents a theoretical platform for future research studies.
Thesis (M.A. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

The work occupy by inverse analysis based on artificial neural network. This identification algorithm enable correct determine parameters of applied material model on creation of numerical model of construction so it's possible that the results of computerized simulation correspond with experiments. It look's like suitable approach especially in cases with complicated problems and complex models with many material parameters.

In this thesis, an analysis of Bitcoin, Monero price and volatility is conducted with respect to S&P500 and the VIX index. Moreover using Python, we computed correlation coefficients of nine cryptocurrencies with two different approaches: Pearson and Spearman from July 2016 -July 2018. Moreover the Pearson correlation coefficient was computed for each year from July2016 - July 2017 - July 2018. It has been concluded that in 2016 the correlation between the selected cryptocurrencies was very weak - almost none, but in 2017 the correlation increased and became moderate positive. In 2018, almost all of the cryptocurrencies were highly correlated. For example, from January until July of 2018, the Bitcoin - Monero correlation was 0.86 and Bitcoin - Ethereum was 0.82.

In this honors thesis, I attempted to develop an investment strategy to analyze the U.S. stock market by studying the correlations between nine sectors defined by the Select Sector Standard & Poor’s Depository Receipts (SPDR). These funds are a group of exchange-traded funds (ETFs) which are traded worldwide and can adequately represent the performance of the sectors. Through my method, I hope to identify the sector trends in the future by evaluating the sector ETF’s most recent short-term period data. This analysis will provide an alternate investment method for investors to avoid short-term investment risk as well as explanations of why I think the approach may not be valid.

The objective of this thesis is to analyse theconnection between test results and field claims of ECUs (electronic controlunits) at Scania in order to improve the acceptance criteria and evaluatesoftware testing strategies. The connection is examined through computation ofdifferent measures of dependencies such as the Pearson’s correlation, Spearman’srank correlation and Kendall’s tau. The correlations are computed from testresults in different ECU projects and considered in a predictive model based onlogistic regression. Numerical results indicate a weak connection between testresults and field claims. This is partly due to insufficient number of ECUprojects and the lack of traceability of field claims and test results. Themain conclusion confirms the present software testing strategy. Continuoussoftware release and testing results in a lower field claim and thus a betterproduct.

The 24-item scale has been used extensively to assess the attitudes towards AIDS precautions. This study investigated the usefulness and validity of the instrument in a South African setting, fourteen years after the development of the instrument. If a new structure could be found statistically, the HIV/AIDS prevention strategies could be more effective in aiding campaigns to change attitudes and sexual behaviour.

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial
Folate, vitamin B12, iron and hemoglobin are essential for metabolic functions in the body. The deficiency of these can be the cause of several known pathologies and, untreated, can be responsible for severe morbidity and even death. The objective of this study is to characterize a population, residing in the metropolitan area of Lisbon and Setubal, concerning serum levels of folate, vitamin B12, iron and hemoglobin, as well as finding evidence of correlations between these parameters and illnesses, mainly cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neurological and anemia. Clinical analysis data was collected and submitted to multivariate analysis. First the data was screened with Spearman correlation and Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance to study correlations and variability between groups. To characterize the population, we used cluster analysis with Ward’s linkage method. Finally a sensitivity analysis was performed to strengthen the results. A positive correlation between iron with, ferritin and transferrin, and with hemoglobin was observed with the Spearman correlation. Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance test showed significant differences between these biomarkers in persons aged 0 to 29, 30 to 59 and over 60 years old. Cluster analysis proved to be a useful tool when characterizing a population based on its biomarkers, showing evidence of low folate levels for the population in general, and hemoglobin levels below the reference values. Iron and vitamin B12 were within the reference range for most of the population. Low levels of the parameters were registered mainly in patients with cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and neurological diseases and anemia.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a influência do uso da somatotropina bovina (bST) sobre a produção de leite e a avaliação genética de bovinos da raça Holandesa. Para análise foram utilizados dados referentes a 474 touros e observações referentes a 3341 lactações de 1271 vacas, provenientes da Agropecuária Agrindus - S.A no estado de São Paulo no período de 1999 a 2003. Análise de variância (método dos quadrados mínimos) foi realizada pelo procedimento GLM do SAS® (2003), visando identificar o efeito da classe de aplicação do bST sobre a produção de leite aos 305 dias de lactação (PL305). Os valores genéticos preditos dos touros (PBV), componentes de variância e herdabilidade para a característica PL305 foram estimados utilizando-se um modelo animal a partir de duas análises; na primeira incluiu-se o efeito do bST como fixo e na segunda o referido efeito foi ignorado. Foram calculadas correlações de Spearman entre PBV dos touros para quatro conjuntos de touros avaliados: a) todos os touros; b) os melhores 20%; c) os melhores 10% e d) os melhores 5%. As médias da PL305 para as classes de bST foram 9175,11kg - sem bST, 9530,94kg - de 11 a 20 aplicações, 10150,57kg - de 21 a 30 aplicações e 11089,89 Kg de 31 a 59 aplicações. As herdabilidades foram respectivamente de 0,26±0,00 e 0,23±0,00 para as duas análises e as correlações entre os valores genéticos preditos para os conjuntos de touros a, b, c e d foram, respectivamente, 0,9484, 0,9829, 0,9752 e 0,8974. A análise de variância demonstrou as médias de PL305 aumentaram significativamente (P<0,0001), com o aumento do número de aplicações do bST. Os coeficientes de herdabilidade, embora relativamente baixos, indicam possível ganho genético, por meio de seleção, para produção de leite. As altas correlações de Spearman entre os valores genéticos dos touros, considerando-se ou não o uso do bST no modelo, indicam que o uso desta tecnologia não interfere na classificação dos touros avaliados geneticamente.
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the use of the bovine somatotropin (bST) on the milk production and the bovine genetic evaluation of Holstein cattle. Data regarding 474 bulls and observation concerning 3341 lactations of 1271 cows from the Agrindus Agriculture and Cattle Raising S.A. in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, between 1999 and 2003 were used for the analysis. The variance analysis (the minimum square method) was performed by the GLM procedure of the SAS® (2003) for identify the effects of the application class of the bST on the milk production at 305 days of lactation (PL305). For the bulls, the predicted breeding values (PBV), variance components and heritability for the PL305 characteristic were estimated using an animal model from two analyses; in the first, the bST was considered as fixed effect and in the second, the effect of bST was ignored. Spearman correlations between PBV for four sets of evaluated bulls were calculated: a) all bulls; b) the best 20%; c) the best 10% and d) the best 5%. The PL305 averages for the bST classes were 9175.11kg without bST; 9530.94kg from 11 to 20 applications; 10150.57kg from 21 to 30 applications; and 11089.89kg from 31 to 59 applications. The heritabilities were 0.26±0.00 and 0.23±0.00 respectively for both analyses and the correlations between the PBV for a, b, c, and d bull sets were, respectively, 0.9484, 0.9829, 0.9752 and 0.8974. The variance analysis demonstrated that the PL305 averages increased significantly (P<0.0001) with the increase of number of bST applications. The heritability coefficients, although relatively low, indicate a possible genetic gain, by selection, for milk production. The Spearman high correlations between the PBV of bulls, considering or not the bST use in the model, indicate that the use of this technology does not interfere in the genetically evaluated bulls classification.

The research aims to investigate the relationship between economic freedom, political freedom and economic growth. The Arab Spring placed renewed interest on the topic of freedom, yet current economic conditions seemingly contradicted the established theory. The largest free economies were being outperformed by those with less political and economic freedom.Three objectives were specified to answer the research question. The first objective aimed to determine the association between economic freedom, political freedom and economic growth, for which Spearman’s correlation was used. The second objective aimed to investigate causal relationships between the variables, for which Granger’s causality was employed. The third objective aimed to examine complex relationships between the variables, for which vector autoregression was used.Economic growth was weakly correlated with the independent variables. Civil liberties, political rights and economic freedom, however, had strong correlations with each other. Economic freedom and economic growth had bi-directional Granger-causality. Political rights Granger-caused economic freedom whilst civil liberties Granger-caused political rights and economic freedom. Using vector autoregression, the model consisting of economic growth, economic freedom and civil liberties had the greatest explanatory power towards economic growth. Existing theory therefore remains valid: political freedom enhances economic freedom, which, in turn, enhances economic growth.The relationship between economic freedom, political freedom and economic growth
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted

This study investigates the most important reasons behind the rst-year students' decision to select University of the Western Cape (UWC) as higher education institution.
These reasons were organized into a few factors for easy interpretation. The data to be analyzed for this project is a subsection of the data collected during the orientation period of 2008. During the orientation week of 2008, the questionnaires were completed on a voluntary basis by new rst-year students. All questionnaires were anonymously completed and therefore the data does not contain any information that could be linked to any individual. For the purpose of this study, only the black African and coloured students were considered. The other racial groups were not analyzed due to too small sample sizes. Questionnaires with missing information on the reasons for selecting UWC were not 
nalyzed. We ended up with a sample of size 600. The data were statistically analyzed, using descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, factor analysis, coefficient of congruence and bootstrap factor analysis. The results indicated that the most important reasons aecting students to choose UWC were identied as good academic reputation, family member's advice, UWC graduates are successful and UWC graduates get good jobs. The least important reasons were found to be not accepted anywhere, parents / family members graduated from UWC, recruited by UWC and wanted to study near to home. The results also indicated that there were significant differences among students according to population groups, parent's monthly income and grade 12 average. Factor analysis of 12 variables yielded three extracted factors upon which student decisions were based. Similarities of these three factors were tested, and a high similarity among demographic characteristics and grade 12 average were found. Additional analyses were conducted to measure the accuracy of factor analyses models constructed using Spearman and Polychoric correlation matrices. The results indicated that both correlation matrices were 
nbiased, with higher variance and higher loadings when the Polychoric correlation matrix was used to construct a factor analysis model for categorical data.

This thesis deals with choises of using mathematical statistics when optimising the compression casting process of high-voltage device transformer. There is a theoretical consideration to be found in the introduction which concerns the compression casting itself and all necessary information connected with it. Then there is a key numerical analysis part following. In the first instance there are variability problems of individual casting device discussed and then a regression analysis made to demonstrate and prove a link between the partial discharge and the key parameters of casting process. Finally an “optimal” casting sequence is suggested and alternative attitude problems with the assistance of Design of Experiments (DOE) are discussed.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The study of adaptability and yield stability allows to identify cultivars adapted to specific conditions and wide, stable and with high grain yield, and can be realized as the different methodologies employed. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between adaptability and stability methods for grain yield in common bean cultivars and identify the most promising for cultivation in State of Rio Grande do Sul. For this, were used the Eberhart and Russell (1966), the Cruz et al. (1989), the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis (AMMI), the Lin and Binns (1988) modified and the Annicchiarico (1992) methods, and, in the first three methods, the average grain yield was considered as a parameter of stability and adaptability. The competition trials of common bean cultivars were conducted in randomized block experimental design with three replications, during the growing seasons from 2000 to 2008, in ten different places of Rio Grande do Sul State, in different crop cultivation and harvesting period, totaling 24 experiments. We evaluated 12 common bean cultivars of different commercial groups (black, carioca and cranberry): Diamante Negro, Guapo Brilhante, Guateian 6662, IAPAR 44, Macanudo, Macotaço, Minuano, Tio Tibagi, TPS Nobre, Carioca, Pérola and Iraí. Significative cultivars x environments interaction were observed for grain yield. The TPS Nobre cultivar was the one closest to praised as ideal behavior, except for the AMMI analysis. While the Iraí cultivar was unstable and had low grain yield in Rio Grande do Sul State. Significative correlation was observed among Eberhart and Russell (1966), Cruz et al. (1989), AMMI, Lin and Binns (1988) modified and Annicchiarico (1992) methods, demonstrating that they are associated. Lin and Binns (1988) modified (rs = 0.95) and Annicchiarico (1992) (rs = 0.97) methodologies were highly correlated with the average grain yield and allowed the identification of stable and adapted cultivars among the most productive. Thus, in analysis of adaptability and stability for common bean crop, when the average grain yield is considered as a parameter of adaptability and stability, not recommended to use together of Eberhart and Russell (1966), Cruz et al. (1989), AMMI, Lin and Binns (1988) modified and Annicchiarico (1992) methods. Choosing the most appropriate method is at the discretion of the researcher.
O estudo da adaptabilidade e da estabilidade para produtividade de grãos permite a identificação de cultivares adaptadas às condições específicas ou amplas, estáveis e de elevada produtividade de grãos e pode ser realizado com o emprego de diferentes metodologias. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a associação entre métodos de adaptabilidade e de estabilidade para a produtividade de grãos em feijão e identificar cultivares mais promissoras para o cultivo no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, foram utilizados os métodos de Eberhart e Russell (1966), de Cruz et al. (1989), da análise dos efeitos principais aditivos e da interação multiplicativa (AMMI), de Lin e Binns (1988) modificado e de Annicchiarico (1992), sendo que, nas três primeiras metodologias, a média de produtividade de grãos foi considerada como um parâmetro de adaptabilidade e estabilidade. Os experimentos de competição de cultivares de feijão foram realizados no delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, durante os anos agrícolas de 2000 a 2008, em nove municípios do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, em cultivo de safra e de safrinha, totalizando 24 experimentos. Foram avaliadas 12 cultivares de feijão de diferentes grupos comerciais (preto, carioca e manteigão): Diamante Negro, Guapo Brilhante, Guateian 6662, IAPAR 44, Macanudo, Macotaço, Minuano, Tio Tibagi, TPS Nobre, Carioca, Pérola e Iraí. Houve interação cultivares com ambientes significativa para a produtividade de grãos. A cultivar TPS Nobre foi a que mais se aproximou do comportamento preconizado como ideal, exceto pela análise AMMI. Já a cultivar Iraí foi instável e apresentou baixa produtividade de grãos no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Correlação significativa foi observada entres os métodos de Eberhart e Russell (1966), de Cruz et al. (1989), AMMI, de Lin e Binns (1988) modificado e de Annicchiarico (1992), demonstrando que estes estão associados. As metodologias de Lin e Binns (1988) modificado (rs = 0,95) e de Annicchiarico (1992) (rs = 0,97) foram altamente correlacionadas com as médias de produtividade de grãos e permitiram a identificação de cultivares estáveis e adaptadas entre as mais produtivas. Deste modo, em análise de adaptabilidade e de estabilidade na cultura do feijão, quando a média da produtividade de grãos é considerada como um parâmetro de adaptabilidade e de estabilidade, não se recomenda o uso conjunto dos métodos de Eberhart e Russell (1966), de Cruz et al. (1989), AMMI, de Lin e Binns (1988) modificado e de Annicchiarico (1992). A escolha do método mais adequado fica a critério do pesquisador.

The research is dealing with the problem of choosing right statistical criteria in order to analyze the concrete educological research information and to interpret the received results. The practical value of the research’s results could be described as: 1- the exact evaluation of the real situation, by researching the effectiveness of use of educational computer means at the lessons of mathematics, with the help of hypothesises; 2- the statistical criteria received at the time of the research can be used at the concrete future researches.

The Plasmodium vivax Duffy Binding Protein (DBP) is the ligand in the major pathway for P. vivax invasion of human reticulocytes, making it an appealing vaccine candidate. Region II of DBP (DBP-RII) is the minimal portion of the ligand that mediates recognition of the Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines (DARC receptor) on the reticulocyte surface and constitutes the primary vaccine target. Analysis of natural variation in the coding sequences of DBP-RII revealed signature evidence for selective pressure driving variation in the residues of the putative receptor-binding site. We hypothesize that anti-DBP immunity in P. vivax infections is strain-specific and hindered by polymorphic residues altering sensitivity to immune antibody inhibition. To comprehend the human IgG response following P. vivax infections we investigated the specificity of IgG in Pursat Province, Western Cambodia. Using ELISAs, we quantified the antibody titer against five variant alleles of DBP-RII. We also sequenced the DBP-RII of the field isolates to determine their relationship to the variant alleles used in the ELISAs. When correlating the IgG titer between the DBP variants a strain-specific immune response was observed in patients with a high antibody titer to DBP-RII_AH as compared to the other variants. This was different from the correlation of high antibody titers between DBP-RII_P and DBP-RII_7.18 (ρ=0.88, p-value<0.0001) and DBP-RII_P and DBP-RII_O (ρ=0.87, p-value<0.0001). There appeared to be little correlation between specific polymorphic residues and IgG titer. Understanding the immune response to the polymorphisms within PvDBP will allow further identification of epitopes to enable the production of a more effective P. vivax vaccine

El presente trabajo de suficiencia profesional estudia el sector de tiendas por departamento en el mercado peruano durante los años 2009 y 2017. Asimismo, explica cuáles fueron las estrategias y formas de ingreso de las principales tiendas por departamento extranjeras en el Perú y las teorías que se encuentran detrás de su incursión. De la misma forma, el objetivo principal de esta investigación es establecer la relación que existe entre los factores macroeconómicos con la internacionalización de las tiendas por departamento en el mercado peruano durante el periodo 2009 al 2017. Además, se empleó una investigación cuantitativa, de alcance correlacional, diseño longitudinal no experimental de tendencia. También, se usó la técnica estadística no paramétrica bajo el análisis correlacional de Rho Spearman. Mediante el uso de la herramienta estadística informática SPSS se comprobó que si existe correlación entre los factores macroeconómicos y la internacionalización de las tiendas por departamento Saga Falabella, Ripley y Almacenes Paris en el mercado peruano. Para el caso de Saga Falabella, el índice de competitividad es el que presenta mayor incidencia en la internacionalización de la misma en el Perú durante los años 2009 y 2017. En cuanto a Tiendas por departamento Ripley, el PBI es el indicador que se correlaciona con mayor significancia. Sin embargo, es importante mencionar que, debido a la poca información disponible para Almacenes París, se decidió desarrollar un análisis descriptivo evolutivo a través de gráficos donde se visualizó que los indicadores macroeconómicos que se correlacionan con la internacionalización de la empresa durante los años 2013 y 2017 fueron la competitividad, el riesgo país y el ranking Doing Business publicado por el Banco Mundial.
The present work of professional sufficiency studies the sector of the department stores in the Peruvian market during the years 2009 and 2017. In addition, it is explained which were the strategies and income forms of the main foreign department stores and the theories that are behind their incursion.In the same way, the main objective of this research is to establish the relationship that exists between macroeconomic factors with the internationalization of department stores in the Peruvian market during the period 2009 to 2017.Also, the type of research used was quantitative, correlational, non-experimental longitudinal trend design. The statistical technique used was correlational analysis of Rho Spearman. Using the statistical tool SPSS, it is verified whether there is a correlation between macroeconomic factors and the internationalization of department stores Saga Falabella, Ripley and Almacenes París in the Peruvian market. In the case of the Saga Falabella, the competency index is the most important presentation in the internationalization of the same in Peru during the years 2009 and 2017. As for Department Stores Ripley, the GDP is the indicator that correlates with greater significance. However, it is important to mention that, due to the little information available for Almacenes París, an evolutive descriptive analysis can be developed through the graphs showing the macroeconomic indicators that correlate with the internationalization of the company during the years 2013 and 2017. And the results were competitiveness, country risk and ranking Doing Business publishes by the World Bank.
Tesis

This thesis deals with speech analysis of people who suffer from Parkinson’s disease. Purpose of this thesis is to obtain statistical sample of speech parameters which helps to determine if examined person is suffering from Parkinson’s disease. Statistical sample is based on hypokinetic dysarthria detection. For speech signal pre-processing DC-offset removal and pre-emphasis are used. The next step is to divide signal into frames. Phonation parameters, MFCC and PLP coefficients are used for characterization of framed speech signal. After parametrization the speech signal can be analyzed by statistical methods. For statistical analysis in this thesis Spearman’s and Pearson’s correlation coefficients, mutual information, Mann-Whitney U test and Student’s t-test are used. The thesis results are the groups of speech parameters for individual long czech vowels which are the best indicator of the difference between healthy person and patient suffering from Parkinson’s disease. These result can be helpful in medical diagnosis of a patient.

The thesis presents methods and criteria for creation and optimization of design of computer experiments. Using the core of a program Freet the optimized designs were created by combination of these methods and criteria. Then, the suitability of the designs for statistical analysis of the tasks vith input random variables was assessed by comparison of the obtained results of six selected functions and the exact (analytically obtained) solutions. Basic theory, definitions of the evaluated functions, description of the setting of optimization and the discussion of the obtained results, including recommendations related to identified weaknesses of certain designs, are presented. The thesis also contains a description of an application that was created to display the results.

Objective of this Master's thesis is to evaluate different ways of measuring financial performance of enterprise. Economic Value Added is compared with older, traditional indicators of profitability. Emphasis lies on general applicability. In theoretical part, history of entrepreneurial goals is in addition to the actual analysis of tested indicators outlined. EVA, profitability ratios are assessed using a sample of 100 Czech manufacturing companies. In practical part, outputs of thesis apart from actual testing are stated.

The target of this work is to create a financial analysis of selected company and an intercompany comparison of companies in selected branch. In teoretical part this work are description basic terms and methods of financial analysis and methods of intercompany comparison. In practical part this work is to create the financial situation of selected company and intercompany comparison of companies by methods of intercompany comparison. Then the resulting order of comanies is evaluated by Spearman´s correlation coefficient. In the end this work there is overall assessment of the results of the intercompany comparison and description of some problems that appeared in this work.

JEL Classification: J33, M52
More and more Chinese companies are applying equity incentive plans nowadays. However, the effectiveness of these equity incentive systems is unclear as some research shows a positive relationship between the equity incentive system and firm performance whereas others show a negative relationship and still others found that there is no relationship at all. In this dissertation, we analyzed the equity incentive system in three Chinese high tech companies: Baidu, Alibaba and Tencent, the so called BAT. The research used secondary data from the latest 5 to 10 year Annual Financial Statements of these three companies and applied Spearman’s correlation coefficient to calculate the relationship between their equity incentive system and performance. Results showed a higher and positive relationship in the case of Baidu and Tencent rather than in Alibaba. Finally possible factors that may influence the effectiveness of the equity incentive system were discussed. This study and the results obtained may provide some guidance and suggestions not only for the subject companies but also to others and assist them in selecting a suitable type of equity incentive plan.
Cada vez mais empresas chinesas aplicam hoje em dia programas de incentivos baseados em ações. No entanto, a eficácia destes sistemas continua pouco clara. Algumas investigações evidenciam uma correlação positiva entre o sistema de incentivos baseado em ações e o desempenho da empresa, enquanto que outras mostram uma correlação negativa e, outras ainda não evidenciam nenhuma correlação. Nesta investigação, foi analisado o sistema de incentivos baseado em ações de três empresas chinesas de alta tecnologia, as designadas BAT: Baidu, Alibaba e Tencent. A investigação baseou-se em dados secundários extraídos dos Relatórios Financeiros Anuais destas três empresas e aplicou o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman para calcular o tipo de correlação existente entre os seus planos de incentivos e o desempenho. Os resultados revelaram que a correlação é melhor nas empresas Baidu e Tencent e não tão positiva na Alibaba. Por fim foram discutidos os fatores que podem influenciar a eficácia do sistema. Os resultados poderão fornecer alguma orientação e sugestões não só para as empresas estudadas mas para outras que pretendam adoptar planos de incentivos por ações.

Title: Influence of selected conditional factors on performance in white water slalom. Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship of selected specific movement abilities being examined modified test battery with the performance of athletes in the water slalom. Methods: It was used field measurements where the applied modified test battery. Using GPS module to determine the distance partial tests from batery. For measuring was used manual measurement. To determine the statistical correlation between the modified battery and performance ability of competitors was used two different coefficients of correlation and regression analysis. According to the order of the test and the race was used nonparametric correlation study - Spearman correlation coefficient. Determining the statistical significance of the relationship of measured times in tests and final time in the nomination races have used the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: For a statistically significant relationship was determined value when r ≥ 0.8. Spearman's correlation coefficient: In the test at 40 m were obtained these correlation coefficients: Nomination races rs = 0,380952, Czech cup rs = 0,595238. In the test at 80 meters they were obtained these correlation coefficients: nomination races rs = 0,857143,...

Dissertação de mestrado em Estatística
Neste trabalho pretende-se efetuar um estudo, na área da Estatística, sobre a classificação das Escolas Secundárias (Portugal Continental e Ilhas) relativamente aos resultados alcançados nas avaliações efetuadas pelos seus alunos nos Exames Nacionais no conjunto de disciplinas com um número mais elevado de provas realizadas: Matemática A, Português, Biologia e Geologia e Física e Química A. Tem-se como principal objetivo identificar grupos de Escolas com diferentes graus de desempenho considerando os subsistemas de ensino nacional público (Escolas Públicas) e privado (Escolas com Contrato de Associação e Escolas Particulares) e a sua região (a nível nacional e a nível regional). Para isso, é construído um indicador educativo alternativo aos denominados Rankings do Ensino Secundário divulgados desde o ano de 2001 pelos meios de comunicação social, em que se pretende incorporar outros aspetos considerados relevantes para além das classificações nos Exames Nacionais. O conjunto de dados utilizados diz respeito aos registos, fornecidos pelo Júri Nacional de Exames (JNE), dos resultados obtidos pelos alunos que realizaram Exames Nacionais nos anos letivos de 2006/2007 a 2010/2011, por Escola e por disciplina, tendo por base os resultados nacionais e os da própria Escola. Neste estudo, para além da variável Escola, onde é efetuada a avaliação do aluno, são também consideradas as variáveis concelho, distrito e subsistema de ensino correspondente. Utilizando métodos da Análise Exploratória de Dados efetua-se uma análise preliminar das variáveis consideradas de forma a identificar e detetar padrões ao longo dos anos letivos observados. São, também, utilizados procedimentos da Estatística Multivariada com o objetivo de identificar, para determinadas áreas geográficas (região Norte), grupos (clusters) de Escolas com desempenhos mais semelhantes, de acordo com o indicador alternativo definido. Na análise efetuada, aplicam-se testes estatísticos (paramétricos e não paramétricos), nomeadamente (após a definição dos clusters), na caracterização e diferenciação dos clusters relativamente ao indicador alternativo proposto.
This dissertation is intended to study, in the Statistics area, about the classification assigned to the Secondary Schools (Continental Portugal and Islands), more precisely on the achieved results in their students’ assessment on the National Exams, for the amount of subjects with the highest number of students: Matemática A, Português, Biologia e Geologia e Física e Química A (that is, Maths, Portuguese, Biology and Geology and also Physics and Chemestry.). The main purpose is to identify groups of schools with distinct levels of performance, taking into account the subsystems of the national public Education (Public Schools) as well as the private (Private or with Association Contract Schools) and its region (both national and territorially). Bearing this in mind, it is built an alternative educational indicator for the so-called “Rankings” of the Secondary Schools, disclosed since 2001 by the media, which is supposed to include other aspects taken as relevant, besides the usual Exams classifications. The current dataset belongs to the listings supplied by Jury of the National Exams’ (JNE), of the exams’ results from school year 2006/2007 to 2010/2011, by school and subject, considering the national results and those from the own school. In this study, besides the variable school, where is done the student evaluation, are also taking part the variables city, district and the correspondent teaching subsystem. By using Exploratory Data Analysis methods a preliminary analysis of the considered variables can be done as a way of identify and detect patterns of the school years. Various procedures of Statistics are also used to recognize clusters of schools, to in certain geographical areas, with more similar behavior, according to the defined alternative indicator. In the analysis, statistical tests are applied (parametric and non-parametric), specifically (after the definition of the clusters), in the description and distinction of the clusters towards the suggested alternative indicator.

The purpose of this study is to investigate physics teachers’ (TPCK) and their learners’ achievement in electricity. A purposive sample of 42 Grade 11 physics teachers and 1423 learners participated in the study. An explanatory mixed method research design was employed in the study to collect data. A survey questionnaire (PTTPCKQ), consisting of six-point Likert scale questions, was answered by participating teachers. Similarly, their learners responded to a confirmatory questionnaire (LCPTTPCKQ). The learners also responded to the Electricity Learning Confirmatory Questionnaire (LELCQ) and wrote an achievement test called Learner Electricity Achievement Test (LEAT). The data collected was analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitatively, it was found that a positive, statistically significant relationship existed between physics teachers’ experience and their learners’ achievement [Spearman’s rho (42) = .39, p = .011] as well as physics teachers’ TPCK and their qualifications [Spearman’s rho (42) = .33, p = .003]. There was also a positive statistical relationship between physics teachers’ TPCK and learner achievement, yet this was not statistically significant. There were positive, statistically significant relationships between all the constructs of the physics teachers’ TPCK and their TPCK from the analysis of the PTTPCKQ. There were positive statistically significant relationships between all the constructs of the physics teachers’ TPCK and their TPCK, according to the analysis of the LCPTTPCKQ. Furthermore, comparing the learners’ responses on the LCTTPCKQ and their teachers’ responses on the PTTPCKQ, it was found that both learners and teachers provided similar responses for all the constructs of TPCK except TCK. Qualitative data analysis further revealed that the technologies used by these teachers were PhET Simulations, YouTube Videos, Power Point Presentations, Interactive White Boards, and Mindset Videos. Finally, between 12.9% and 5.2% of the learners reported that their teachers had neglected to teach some sections of the electricity in the curriculum.
Mathematical Sciences
Ph. D. (Mathematics, Science and Technology Education)