Tesis sobre el tema "Spectrométrie de Fluorescence"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte los 50 mejores tesis para su investigación sobre el tema "Spectrométrie de Fluorescence".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Explore tesis sobre una amplia variedad de disciplinas y organice su bibliografía correctamente.
Bélanger, Marie-Christine. "Détection de carences nutritives par fluorescence active et spectrométrie". Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22913/22913.pdf.
Texto completoNutrient deficiencies are responsible for significant reductions of crop growth and yields. In order to reduce their negative impacts, it is important to detect those deficiencies as early as possible. Current methods include plant material collection and chemical analyses that may not provide deficiency detection within the time-window necessary for plant response to recovery fertilization. Reflectance and fluorescence are two methods associated with remote sensing. In this research project we evaluated the potential of reflectance and fluorescence to detect nutrient deficiencies in crops. To do so, we induced three nutrient deficiencies (N, K, Mg) on potato plants. The nitrogen deficiency significantly reduced crop growth contrary to K or Mg deficiencies. The potential of reflectance and fluorescence to detect nutrient deficiencies was related to growth reduction and it was easier to detect nitrogen deficiency than magnesium or potassium deficiencies. We also developed a nitrogen imbalance indicator based on the computation of the compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND). This indicator corresponds to a canonical variable including information coming from 24 reflectance and fluorescence indices. It allowed the detection of nearly 70% of nitrogen-imbalanced plants. Moreover, we also evaluated the impact of the angle of view and of veins density on the detection of nutrient deficiencies using fluorescence. The detection of nitrogen deficiencies was improved when the fluorometer was inclined and faced older leaves or leaves having a lower density of veins. The research project confirmed the potential of reflectance and fluorescence for the detection of nutrient deficiencies; it introduced a new nitrogen imbalance index integrating CND and remote sensing data; and it determined that a near-nadir angle of view was not well-suited for the detection of some specific nutrient deficiencies. This research project will help to improve crop yield in a sustainable management context.
Fischer, Marc. "Mise en œuvre, étalonnage et évaluation de la spectrométrie photothermique pour l'étude de solutions de rhodamine 6G". Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10291.
Texto completoPin, Patrick. "Développement de nouvelles méthodes de caractérisation non destructive pour des déchets radioactifs enrobés dans du bitume". Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112204.
Texto completoRadioactive waste are major problem of the nuclear industry. One of key point is their characterization to optimize their management : treatment and packaging, orientation towards the suited disposal. This thesis proposes an evaluation method of the low energy photon attenuation, based on the gamma-ray spectra Compton continuum, which is sensitive to the chemical composition of the waste. The other technique consists in the uranium characterization thanks to its fluorescence X-ray, induced by the gamma emitters already presents in the waste. The 241Am measurement is difficult by gamma-ray spectrometry since the low energy its main gamma-ray (59,5 keV). This line is attenuated by the bituminous mix which has an average density of 1,3 and this mix contains very absorbent chemical elements. The estimation of this low energy photon attenuation is based on the analysis of the gamma-ray spectra Compton continuum. The uranium present in the drums disturbs the neutron measurements. The uranium mass measurement by the self-induced X-ray fluorescence allows to correct this interference. Due to various causes of error, the total uncertainty is around 50 % on the activity of the radioelement 241Am, corrected by peak to Compton techniques. The same uncertainty is announced on the uranium mass measured by self-induced X-ray fluorescence. With these results, two methods are included in the "Marcoule Sorting Unit". These techniques do not require any additional material because they use information already present in the gamma-ray spectra
Vallon, Raphaël. "Fluorescence Laser Intracavité et Spectrométrie de Fourier : Développements expérimentaux et application au radical NiH". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00189571.
Texto completoAbaker, Madi Guirema. "Suivi de maturation de composts mixtes par spectrométrie d'absorption et de fluorescence UV-visible". Thesis, Toulon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUL0019/document.
Texto completoThe recycling of organic waste is a major environmental concern both from anenergetic perspective and the global warming. The composting allows the conversion of wasteinto a product, the compost, and also the increase of carbon storage in soils. Among thedifferent wastes, sewage sludges are a problematic and increasing organic urban waste. Thehigh level of organic matter in sludges can be valorized by co-composting with green waste.Indeed, many chemical changes occur in the compost maturation process, transforming thesimple molecules in humic substances which are beneficial for soils. However, there are notyet, rapid and universal techniques which could predict the stability and the maturity ofcompost. It is necessary to measure a large number of biological (respirometric test, test ofgermination), physical (pH, temperature,…) and chemical (redox potential, cation exchangecapacity (CEC),…) parameters in order to follow the compost evolution. These measurementsare expensive and are rarely done on the composting platforms.Our objective was therefore to determine which parameter(s) could be used to easilymonitor the compost on the platform. For that, we followed a co-composting of sewagesludges during the maturation process in private compost bins (platform and greenhouse) andin swath (platform) in order to observe the size effect and the climatic condition effect on thecomposting process. An easy and little expensive extraction method of the water extractibleorganic matter (WEOM), using a percolator with water at room temperature was proposed.These water extracts were characterized by various parameters, such as dissolved organiccarbon (DOC WEOM) and total nitrogen (TN WEOM) or the content of volatile fatty acids, butalso, by various spectroscopic technics such as UV-Visible absorption and fluorescence. ForUV-Visible absorption, indices provide data on the aromaticity (SUVA254 WEOM), themolecular size (E2/E3 WEOM), the molecular weight (E4/E6 WEOM) and the substitutions oforganic compounds (EET/EBZ WEOM) of organic matter. Regarding fluorescence, humificationindexes such as HLIF, Kalbitz WEOM, Milori WEOM, Ra,c WEOM and Zsolnay WEOM were used tostudy the properties of WEOM. In addition, from the excitation-emission fluorescencematrices, CP/PARAFAC components were determined. All in all, 23 parameters werefollowed during the composting.We were thus able to distiguish the most relevant indices that can be used on theplatform. These indices are the SUVA254 WEOM and indices of Kalbitz WEOM and Milori WEOM.The spectroscopy is a relevant technique for monitoring the compost in the field. No impactof climatic conditions was revealed for the private compost bins, but a size effect for someparameters was observed
Camarillo, Ravelo Danté. "Détection et caractérisation par rayons X des éléments traces dans les fruits et légumes". Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0050/these.pdf.
Texto completoThis study refers to the detection of heavy metals by using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) as the detection method. We evaluate the characteristics of a high energy nondestructive device for detection and quantification of trace elements in fruits and vegetables. Ln the first part, we present a synthesis on the state-of-the-art concerning the european norms and the destructive and nondestructive references methods. Ln the second part, after revising the theory of photon-matter interaction with a more precise description of the X-ray fluorescence phenomenon, we describe commercial devices using X-ray fluorescence. At the end of this part we discuss about the opportunity of using XRF for detection on heavy metal traces on fruits and vegetables. Thereafter, a set of law energy simulations carried out with the Monte-Carlo PENELOPE code, make it possible to highlight a linear relation between the ratio of fluorescence photopeak on scatter photopeak and the concentration of the various studied elements. The code used is confronted to a set of XRF measurements carried out at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facilily (ESRF), which helped in the interpretation of spectra and enabled us to evaluate the variations between simulation and experiment. We then test this tool with the aim of anticipating the performances of a measurement system at higher energy in the case of a practical experience with a polychromatic source. Ln the last part of this thesis, we present a complementary study of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS and XANES) as a technique able to show the chemical speciation of the trace elements in the biological systems. The spectra analysis (EXAFS and XANES), carried out on Phaseolus vulgaris samples obtained by hydroponic culture, shows that the chemical environment is almost identical between the leaves, the stems and the roots but different from the solution employed for doping. We compared our EXAFS spectra with a data base obtained of the bibliographical references. The analysis of lead composite is difficult because of the high variability of its coordination numbers, but the method nevertheless makes it possible to appreciate its chemical environment which is directly related to the product toxicity
Gauthier, Christophe. "Recherches sur de nouveaux modes de détection des spectres d'absorption X exploitant l'excitation de la fluorescence X, de la luminescence visible et la photoémission". Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10025.
Texto completoPy, Julien. "Modélisation et développement d'un système d'analyse en ligne des transuraniens par spectrométrie de fluorescence X raies L". Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2047/document.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the development of a new compact, accurate, fast, without cooling liquid, fluorescence L X-ray spectrometer, with the aim to determinate online transuranic elements (uranium, plutonium and americium) in nuclear materials reprocessing. The objective was to define the configuration and the characteristics of this spectrometer and the method to quantify transuranic elements between 0.1 g/L and 20 g/L. To minimize as law as possible the manipulation of these elements, we have used an original approach, namely Monte-Carlo simulations and none radioactive surrogate elements. The study of these solutions allowed to eliminate the specific effects of transuranic elements decay (internal conversion) and to optimize the spectrometer. Monte-Carlo simulations with the PENELOPE code were used for two reasons. Firstly, we have developed an analytical method to correct the matrix effects. Then, we have selected three systems to produce a quasi-monochromatic X-rays beam from the X-ray generator, to optimize the intensity of the L X-ray fluorescence spectra, and to measure the Compton scatter peak. These systems were then tested with an adjustable spectrometer in order to select and optimize the best configuration. We have shown that, after peaks and left tails separation from spectra with COLEGRAM software, the spectrometer can be used to analyze solutions with various concentrations of thallium and bismuth. Several solutions of uranium or plutonium were analyzed to determine the effects of interferences from gamma rays and internal conversion with the fluorescence L X-rays. These effects have been corrected by subtracting a passive spectrum to an active one
Bossu, Edwige. "Induction chimique de tumeurs cutanées chez la souris Hairless SKH-1 en vue de photochimiothérapie". Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN19904.
Texto completoThe number of skin cancers being in constant progression during the last few years, it is necessary to develop some representative skin tumor models of human pathology in order to test the validity of new therapeutic methods as photochemotherapy. Skin tumor models such as papillomas or carcinomas in Hairless mice have been obtained by a two- or a three-step carcinogenesis process using an initiator (DMBA), a promoter (TPA) and a conversion agent (4-NQO) for the second protocol. Moreover, the skin carcinoma model has allowed to develop an original syngenic model of subcutaneous epithelial carcinomas. The benign or ma lignant nature of the skin tumors produced with a chemical carcinogenesis process has been determined by a phatological study. Otherwise, the epithelial nature of carcinomatous cells isolated from squamous-cell carcinomas chemically induced, has been confirmed by microscopical observations and immunohistochemical studies using anti-keratin rabbit antibodies. Fluorescence spectroscopy has allowed to establish autofluorescence spectra of the normal skin and the different type of tumors, and also to follow the skin modifications occuring during the chemical skin carcinogenesis process in a diagnostic purpose. Thus, it has been possible to predict in 78% of the cases the tumor apparition. This non-invasive method has been used to follow the biodistribution of two photosensitizers (mTHPC and HpD injected by i. P. In Hairless mice) for papillomas and carcinomas. These kinetics seem to be charaterized by two maxima: a first pick occuring rapidly and an other more late, but more high. These maximal ratios have been estimated: the papilloma/normal skin ratio = 6,2 ± 2,7 for HpD and 5,1 ± 1,6 for m-THPC and the carcinoma/normal skin ratio = 3,2 ± 1,4 for HpD and 2,7 ± 2,1 for m-THPC. This kinetic in two maxima seem to be confirmed by fluorescence microscopy with image analysis. The results of the se biodistribution studies will be used to carry out photodynamic therapy in Hairless mice bearing skin tumors in order to estimate the efficiency of the two photosensitizers
Varfalvy, Nicolas. "Fluorescence dispersée et induite par laser et spectrométrie à transformée de Fourier : analyse rovibronique des premières polyades du 12CO2+". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24745/24745.pdf.
Texto completoVarfalvy, Nicolas. "Fluorescence dispersée et induite par laser et spectrométrie à transformée de Fourier : analyse rovibronique des premières polyades du ¹²CO₂+". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19692.
Texto completoFanget, Bernard. "Caractérisation physico-chimique d'acides humiques et étude des interactions pyrène - acides humiques". Chambéry, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CHAMS003.
Texto completoGrisoul, Philippe. "L'analyse des minerais et des minéralisations par spectrométrie de fluorescence X portable : étude des biais induits par les contextes géologiques, gitologiques et minéralogiques : applications aux méthodes de prospection et d'exploitation". Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10017.
Texto completoKhemis, Kamila. "Imagerie de fluorescence en cancérologie : spectroscopie, traitement du signal et gestion automatisée pour l'optimisation du diagnostic des tumeurs précoces". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1998_KHEMIS_K.pdf.
Texto completoA'Amar, Ousama. "Spectroscopie tissulaire in vivo de l'autofluorescence et de la fluorescence induite : instrumentation, analyse et modélisation : applications au diagnostic des cancers précoces et à l'optimisation de la thérapie photodynamique". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1997_A_AMAR_O.pdf.
Texto completoMaris, Elisabeth. "Éco-conception par une Approche Multicritère d’un Système Polymère/Traceurs/Détecteur pour le tri automatisé par spectrométrie de fluorescence UV-VIS en vue d’augmenter la recyclabilité des produits". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0022/document.
Texto completoThe recycling of materials from end of life products is a important issue to preserve our resources of raw materials which are more and more rare and the extraction of which is more and more impactant for the environment. Nevertheless certain materials are little recycled. It is the case of dark colored polymers.The originality of this work is to have integrated into the process of design two strategies of ecodesign: the limits of current sorting processes and the limits on the resources. This approach succeeded to design a material and its process of recycling. This system brings potentially an environmental bonus by allowing producing more recycled materials on the market, satisfying the consumers by bringing a traceability of these materials and a new technology validated by the development of a demonstrator coupled with an industrial conveyor
Ould, Abeih Mohamed Barikalla. "Etude de la protéine ribosomale SA humaine : un récepteur membranaire de la laminine, d'anticancéreux et d'agents infectieux". Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077115.
Texto completoThe human Ribosomal Protein SA (RPSA or LamRl) is a multilocus protein, present in most cellular compartments. It is a multifunctional protein, which belongs to the ribosome but is also a membrane receptor for laminin, growth factors, prion, microorganisms, toxins and the anticarcinogen epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG). It contributes to the crossing of the blood-brain barrier by pathogens, and is used as a marker of metastasis. RPSA includes an N-terminal domain, which is homologous to the prokaryotic Ribosomal Proteins S2, and a C-terminal extension, which is conserved in vertebrates. The structure of its N-domain has been solved from crystals grown at 17 °C whereas that of the C-domain remained unknown. We produced in Escherichia coli and purified the full-length RPSA and its N- and C-domains. We characterized the folding states of these recombinant proteins by methods of fluorescence and circular dichroism spectrometry, in association with quantitative analyses of their unfolding equilibria, induced with heat or urea. The necessary equations were derived from first principles. The results showed that the N-domain unfolded according to a three state equilibrium. The monomeric intermediate was predominant at the body temperature of 37 °C. It also existed in the full-length RPSA and bound ANS, a small fluorescent molecule. The C-domain was in an intrinsically disordered state. We showed by immunochemical and spectrofluorimetric methods that the recombinant N- and C-domains weakly interacted together, that both domains bound laminin with similar affinities whereas only the N-domain bound EGCG. The structural plasticity of RPSA could be important for its multiple functions
Ross, Amanda Jane. "Etude par spectrométrie par transformation de Fourier des états électroniques de basse énergie des molécules NaK et K2". Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO19035.
Texto completoCrozet, Patrick. "Exploration laser à haute résolution : fluorescence induite par laser de dimères alcalins observée par spectrométrie de Fourier, et mécanismes réactionnels intervenant dans les lasers chimiques". Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10018.
Texto completoHachimi, Alaoui Abdallah el. "Contribution à l'analyse des spectres de BaH et BaD par spectrométrie de Fourier de la fluorescence induite par laser : étude des états H2Δ de BaH et BaD, étude du complexe H2Δ -A2π -b2Σ de BaH". Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE4103.
Texto completoMesradi, Mohammed Reda. "Mesures expérimentales et simulation Monte Carlo de la fonction de réponse d'un détecteur Si(Li) : application à l'analyse quantitative multi-élémentaire par XRF et PIXE". Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6188.
Texto completoIn order to diversify the analytical capabilities of the RaMsEs group by the X-ray fluorescence methods XRF and PIXE, quantitative analyses are being developed for environmental samples. Monte Carlo simulations are being used to validate some of the results. The XRF experiments are being performed using 241Am as the primary source of electromagnetic radiation. PIXE experiments are done with protons delivered by the 4 MV Van de Graaff accelerator of the Institut d'Electronique du Solide et des Systèmes (InESS) Laboratory of Strasbourg. Determination of the elemental composition of a sample is based on the measurement of X-rays emitted by the elements present in the sample in conjunction with the detector response and, for all except thin targets, the self-absorption of X-rays in the target (matrix effect). In XRF the self-absorption was experimentally determined by a method described in [Leroux et al. , 1966; Tertian and Claisse, 1982] and by simulations with the MCNP code. For PIXE the self-absorption was determined by MCNP. The intrinsic efficiency of the Si(Li) detector has been determined by three methods: with calibrated radioactive sources, XRF by 241Am of metal foils and PIXE with 2 and 3. 8 MeV protons. The experimental results were comforted with MCNP and GEANT simulations
Vu, Trong-Hung. "Etude par spectrométrie de fluorescence de la solvatation et de la complexation des ions Eu(III) et Cm(III) en milieu octanol et à l'interface avec l'eau". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13083.
Texto completoPolydentate N-donors ligands like bistriazine-pyridine (BTP) and bistriazine-bispyridine (BTBP) can selectively extract minor actinides (III) from lanthanides (III) ions and therefore have been studied in the field of nuclear waste reprocessing. The aim of the researches carried out during this thesis is a better description of this family in biphasic systems: speciation in the organic phase and around the interfacial area. After an exhaustive description of the solvation of europium(III) cation in mixed solutions n-octanol-water with TRLIF spectrometry, the complexation with nitrogen ligands iPr-BTP, C5-BTBP and CyMe4-BTBP has been studied by TRLIF and ESI-MS techniques. For each compound, the inner sphere of europium has been described and the conditional stability constants determined. The composition of the organic medium, and particularly the hydration degree of n-octanol, has an impact on the nature and the ratio of species ‘cation – counter ion – ligand – water’. With high water content (representative of extraction systems), the complexes observed with Cm(III) and Eu(III) have the same stoechiometry but the affinity towards the curium cation is higher and consistent to separation factors measured with biphasic systems. The method TIRF (total internal reflection fluorescence) was retained to study the behaviour of europium(III) inside the interfacial area. Fluorescence spectra of europium have been obtained but side signals and the high depth resolution of detection lead to difficulty in obtaining the signal of interfacial europium alone. The selected technique remains promising but some improvements need to be implemented for forthcoming measurement at liquid/liquid interface
Laguitton-Pasquier, Hélène. "Etude de la diffusion de molécules fluorescentes solvatochromiques à l'intérieur de micelles en vue de la détermination du profil de leur potentiel chimique". Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DENS0008.
Texto completoCarrot, François. "Fluorescence induite par laser et spectrométrie par transmission de Fourier haute-résolution : exploration de plusieurs états électroniques de la molécules Li2 et étude du transfert collisionnel entre les états électroniques B1πu → 21Σ+g". Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10017.
Texto completoGuilment, Jean. "Contribution à l'étude des processus photographiques dans les halogénures d'argent par spectrométrie Raman et de fluorescence : influence de produits stabilisateurs et antivoiles, relation avec l'effet Raman exalté de surface (SERS)". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066287.
Texto completoLacroix, Marlène. "Optimisation d'une méthode de dosage de neurotransmetteurs par le couplage LC/Fluo/MS : études théoriques du marquage au NDA par spectrométrie de masse haute résolution, modélisation moléculaire et étude quantitative de relations structure-temps de rétention (3D-QSRR)". Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/47/.
Texto completoSome amino acids and peptides are neurotransmitters involved in neurological diseases. As they are very low concentration in biological samples, HPLC coupled with a fluorescence detector and a mass spectrometer is performed for the identification and the quantification of these molecules. As amino acids are not fluorescent natively, they are labelled with a fluorogenic dye: the naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde (NDA) and a nucleophile (CN-). The labelling for the peptides (enkephalins) is slightly modified in order to facilitate the ionisation in positive mode in mass spectrometry: the nucleophile CN- is substituted by an aminothiol easily ionisable, the N,N-dimethylaminoethanethiol (MeAT). Some theoretical studies are investigated in molecular modelling, high resolution mass spectrometry and H/D exchange studies in order to explain the results obtained on each labelling
Kouhail, Yasmine. "Influence de la compétition des anions (hydroxydes, carbonates) sur la complexation des lanthanides trivalents par la matière organique naturelle : cas des substances humiques". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. https://hal-cea.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01398507.
Texto completoThe aim of this study is to acquire and refine complexation data for understanding the fate of lanthanides in the environment where the concentrations of organic matter are highly variable. This study focus on describing and understanding the interactions between the europium(IlI) and a Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) as a representative of humic substances (HS), and the influence of major anions present in natural waters, i. E. Hydroxides and carbonates ions, in these interactions. To understand the ternary systems Eu¬OH-SRFA and Eu-0O3-SRFA, Eu-SRFA and Eu-0O3 binary systems are first investigated by time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy (TRLS) for wide ranges of pH, ionic strength, Eu(III), SRFA and CO3 concentrations. This study shows that the structures of humic substances are influenced by the presence of Eu(III). Interaction constants are determined for the Eu-SRFA binary system and are used for the understanding of the Eu-0O3-SRFA ternary system. Eu-0O3-SRFA ternary complexes are highlighted by SLRT, and an interaction constant has also been proposed in the frame of the NICA-Donnan model. Variations in size of Eu-SRFA complexes as a function of europium and SRFA concentrations are presented, and the impact of these variations on NICA-Donnan parameters is investigated. The results of this work are challenging modeling concepts of metal-HS interactions at various HS concentrations, in particular for the consideration of electrostatic effects
Babaky, Omar. "Contribution à l'analyse des spectres de Te2 et Na2 et étude de l'interaction spin-orbite entre les état 3πu et A1Σ+u de Na2 par spectrométrie de Fourier de la fluorescence induite par laser". Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO19033.
Texto completoEl, Farsy Abderzak. "Détermination des fonctions de distribution des flux des espèces neutres et ionisées en procédé HiPIMS et corrélations avec les couches minces de type TiN déposées". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0085.
Texto completoThe growth of thin layers in reactive-direct current magnetron sputtering (R-DC) and reactive-high power impulse magnetron sputtering (R-HiPIMS) processes is the general framework of this PhD. Reactive processes consist in the addition, in argon gas, of a reactive gas such as oxygen or nitrogen, and allow the deposition of oxides and nitrides which have many industrial applications. Nevertheless, the high level of expectations regarding new applications requires a better understanding, controlling, mastering of basic processes governing atoms transport in the view of process optimization. The main goal of this PhD is to study the transport of sputtered titanium atoms (Ti) in Ar/N2 gas mixture and to establish correlations with TiN film properties. Tunable diode laser induced fluorescence technique (time resolved in the case of HiPIMS process) has been developed in order to measure velocity distribution functions of neutral Ti atoms at the ground state, function of the pressure, the distance from the target and the gas mixture. In HiPIMS, the additional degree of freedom, given by time dimension, allowed to characterize their kinetic of transport while at the same time providing the possibility to separate characteristic time scales of different processes. Three atoms populations have been highlighted (energetic, quasi-thermalized and thermalized ones). Energy distribution functions of Ti+ ions have been measured using mass spectrometry and four populations have been observed and explained. Finally, deposited thin films have been analyzed by means of SEM, XRD and electron microprobe methods
Bellil, Ali. "Mise au point et modélisation d'un capteur à fibre optique pour le dosage par fluorescence de l'oxygène en milieu marin". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL090N.
Texto completoAntoine, Yan. "Mise en œuvre de la fluorescence induite par laser couplée à la vélocimétrie laser a effet doppler. Application a l'étude et a la modélisation des propriétés diffusionnelles des écoulements turbulents". Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10047.
Texto completoRammouz, Georges. "Etude des composés lipidiques membranaires de Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 et quantification de la sphingosine 1-phosphate en électrophorèse capillaire couplée à la fluorescence induite par le laser". Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30238.
Texto completoDomingues, Eric. "Mesure des concentrations de OH dans des flammes haute pression par fluorescence induite par laser (TOPLIF) et par mélange dégénéré à quatre ondes". Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUES057.
Texto completoNgo, Thi Linh Dan. "Characterization of soot particles and their precursors produced during the combustion of conventional and alternative fuels : an in-situ laser diagnostics and ex-situ mass spectrometry investigation". Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R040/document.
Texto completoInterest in biofuels has increased significantly in recent years as they could reduce dependence on fossil fuels and contribute to carbon-neutral growth. The influence of using biofuels on their exhaust emissions (CO,CO_2,NO_x,HC, etc.) has been studied widely. However, the effects of the nature of these alternative fuels on the physical and chemical properties of the particles and aromatic species produced are not fully understood. As part of this thesis work, we aim to study the emissions of soot particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during the combustion of conventional and alternative fuels (biofuels) relevant to the automotive and aerospace sectors, while trying to highlight their influence on the formation of such pollutants. To achieve this goal, two laboratory combustors, a swirled turbulent jet burner and a Combustion Aerosol STandard (CAST), were used as soot generators. In addition, we have combined various complementary in-situ laser techniques, laser-induced incandescence and fluorescence (LII/LIF), and ex-situ two-step laser mass spectrometry (L2MS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). In a swirled turbulent jet flame for five fuels (Diesel, n-butanol, 50/50 Diesel/n-butanol mixture, Jet A1 and Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene SPK), the LII and LIF profiles and properties of soot particles and their precursors with the height in the flame as well as their chemical composition were studied. Strong correlations between the results obtained with in-situ and ex-situ techniques have been demonstrated which allowed us to characterize these species spectrally and chemically. In addition, a new calibration method has been developed to directly deduce the soot volume fraction from the LII signal using the absolute radiance emitted from a light source having black body behavior. In parallel, experiments using the CAST device were conducted with aeronautical fuels (Jet A1 and SPK). In addition to the influence of the alternative fuel, the effects of a catalytic stripper (CS) on soot particles and volatile species were examined
El, Farsy Abderzak. "Détermination des fonctions de distribution des flux des espèces neutres et ionisées en procédé HiPIMS et corrélations avec les couches minces de type TiN déposées". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0085.
Texto completoThe growth of thin layers in reactive-direct current magnetron sputtering (R-DC) and reactive-high power impulse magnetron sputtering (R-HiPIMS) processes is the general framework of this PhD. Reactive processes consist in the addition, in argon gas, of a reactive gas such as oxygen or nitrogen, and allow the deposition of oxides and nitrides which have many industrial applications. Nevertheless, the high level of expectations regarding new applications requires a better understanding, controlling, mastering of basic processes governing atoms transport in the view of process optimization. The main goal of this PhD is to study the transport of sputtered titanium atoms (Ti) in Ar/N2 gas mixture and to establish correlations with TiN film properties. Tunable diode laser induced fluorescence technique (time resolved in the case of HiPIMS process) has been developed in order to measure velocity distribution functions of neutral Ti atoms at the ground state, function of the pressure, the distance from the target and the gas mixture. In HiPIMS, the additional degree of freedom, given by time dimension, allowed to characterize their kinetic of transport while at the same time providing the possibility to separate characteristic time scales of different processes. Three atoms populations have been highlighted (energetic, quasi-thermalized and thermalized ones). Energy distribution functions of Ti+ ions have been measured using mass spectrometry and four populations have been observed and explained. Finally, deposited thin films have been analyzed by means of SEM, XRD and electron microprobe methods
Largy, Eric. "Ciblage d’acides nucléiques G-quadruplexes : synthèse et développement de méthodes pour l’analyse et le criblage de ligands sélectifs multimodaux". Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112257.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis work was to study the interactions of small molecules with multiple structures of quadruplex DNA via i) the development and use of a high-throughput test for the analysis of ligand-quadruplex DNA interactions and screening of chemical libraries and ii) the preparation of compounds with multiple binding modes (stacking/groove, covalent/non-covalent, etc..) selective (quadruplex vs. duplex and intra-quadruplex) and possibly functionalized (biotin, fluorophore, etc.). The first part of the work was focused on the development of the G4-FID (G-quadruplex Intercalator Fluorescent Displacement) assay, which is a semi-quantitative method for evaluating the affinity and selectivity of small molecules for quadruplex DNA by displacing an off/on probe, the Thiazole Orange (TO). The test has been implemented successfully with microplate (HT-G4-FID). On the other hand, we have shown the importance of alternative fluorophores, TO-PRO-3 and Hoechst 33258, with complementary spectral characteristics. This method of analysis has also been successfully used for the identification of new selective ligands of quadruplex DNA and the identification of structure-activity relationships and structural selectivities. The second part of the work was devoted to the preparation and study of new DNA quadruplex ligands. These ligands possess particular characteristics either in their mode of interaction (grooves, coordination) or by their bifunctionality (biotinylated, fluorescent). We have prepared an acyclic polyheteroaryle quadruplex ligand (TOxaPy) with an unexpected selectivity for certain structures of quadruplex DNA. Furthermore, we showed that complexes of terpyridine derivatives can be tailored by changing the organic ligand and / or the metal in order to interact with quadruplex DNA by covalent and / or non-covalent interaction
Bazile, Rudy. "Développement de diagnostics laser appliqués à l'étude des dynamiques de formation et de vaporisation d'un spray réactif". Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUES076.
Texto completoChauvier, David. "Camptothécine versus homocamptothécine : approche moleculaire et cellulaire. Induction de l'apoptose et modulation de la résistance multiple". Reims, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REIMP206.
Texto completoHomocamptothecin (hCPT), a topoisomerase I (top1) inhibitor, combines higher cytotoxicity and lactone stability in aqueous buffer than camptothecin (hCPT). Spectrofluorometry has allowed the real-time investigation of its hydrolysis kinetic in absence and presence of top1 and/or ADN. The stabilisation of the cleavable complex by hCPT implies steric contacts of the b-hydroxylactone ring with the DNA-top1 complex, rather than opening of the lactone ring, as observed for CPTs. HCPT/CPT have been detected in the cytoplasm of MCF7 and HT29 cancer cells by 2-photon laser confocal microspectrofluorometry,. The induction of apoptosis by hCPT is mediated in HT29 cells by DYm disruption, cytosolic acidification, reactive oxygen species, cytochrome C release, caspase-3 activation, gene expression, de novo synthesis of ceramide. HCPT/CPT have been identified to be substrates of MRP1 but not Pgp proteins. Sub-toxic doses of hCPT/CPT potentiated daunorubicin (DNR) cytotoxicity by inhibition of MRP1 activity, in correlation with increase of the nuclear accumulation of DNR in anthracyclins-resistant K562 and MCF7 cells
Sigal, Hervé. "Propriétés photophysiques de phases colonnaires formées par des dérivées du triphénylène". Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DENS0013.
Texto completoFayad, Syntia. "Développement d’outils ultra-performants de criblage enzymatique de produits naturels par électrophorèse capillaire". Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2032.
Texto completoSkin aging is one of the exterior/external signs of the passage of time. With age, the skin becomes drier and gets wrinkled due to the degradation of macromolecules of the extracellular matrix by skin enzymes such as elastase, hyaluronidase and collagenase. The aim of this thesis is to develop miniaturized enzymatic assays by capillary electrophoresis to screen plant extracts and identify new bioactives for cosmetics and skin wellbeing. These assays were developed either outside the capillary (which serves only as a separation tool) or in the capillary (which then serves as an enzymatic nanoreactor) then optimized to allow the determination of kinetic constants (Km, Vmax and IC₅₀). Tranvserse diffusion of laminar flow profiles (TDLFP) was applied to mix the reactants injected into the capillary. Detectors such as laser-induced fluorescence or high-resolution mass spectrometry have been coupled to capillary electrophoresis to achieve high sensitivities of detection and the possibility of identifying the products of the enzymatic reaction. These miniaturized assays were applied to algae extracted by electroporation or to regional plants extracted by green technologies in order to evaluate their biological activity towards skin enzymes. The assays developed are reliable, robust and economic in reactants consumption. Finally, the use of a new analytical technique, microscale thermophoresis, was shown to be very useful and hopeful for the study of enzyme-effector interactions
Li, Xuesong. "Synthesis and physical properties of helical nanosized quinoline-based foldamers : structure, dynamics and photoinduced electron transport". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0013/document.
Texto completoHerein, synthesis, characterization and application (photoinduced electron transport) of nanosized quinoline-based foldamers have been explored. With double segment strategy, a variety of helical nanosized foldamers (up to 96 quinoline units) were successfully prepared based on 8-aminoquinoline-2-carboxylic acid monomer.The dynamic properties in gas phase and solution were investigated. Ion mobility mass spectrometry afforded access to the conformation state of foldamers ingas phase; DOSY and fluorescence anisotropy assessed the diffusion (translational and rotational, respectively) of foldamers in solution. All of these techniques revealed that quinoline-based foldamers are rigid and that helical conformation is conserved. Photoinduced electron transport through nanosized foldamer was also studied and the mechanism and the transport ratios were revealed
Bourgalais, Jérémy. "Cinétique de formation d'agrégats de van der Waals et détection de produits de réactions d'atomes de carbone d'intérêt pour la combustion et les environnements astrophysiques et atmosphériques". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S059/document.
Texto completoThis thesis has been carried out in the team of astrophysics laboratory in the Molecular Physics Department of the Physics Institute of Rennes. In this work, a first part presents the application of the CRESU technique to aggregation of van der Waals clusters of water and propane. We experimentally observed water aggregation on a range of temperatures from 22.9 to 69.4 K, then modeled the early stages of aggregation building on the theoretical determination of rate coefficients. We also made the first measurements of propane dimer formation coefficient over a temperature range of 22.9 to 49.1 K. The second part of this work concerns the detection of the products reactions involving carbon atoms and various molecules (C2H4 , C2H6 , C4H8 and NH3) at room temperature. These studies were conducted at the synchrotron Adavanced Light Source of Berkeley . We also studied the kinetics and products formation of the reaction between carbon atoms and ammonia over a temperature range of 50-296 K. To do this we used the device CRESU of the molecular science institute of Bordeaux. This data was incremented in a dense interstellar cloud model to see their influence on the abundance of nitrogen hydrides. The work of this thesis contribute to better understanding the mechanisms of reactions leading to the formation and growth of molecules and van der Waals clusters in the gas phase in various physical conditions. They provide important data for modeling planetary atmospheres , interstellar clouds and combustion process
Vernier, Grégory. "Protéines Amphitropiques : Diversité Conformationnelle et Versatilité des Interactions Protéines-Lipides. Cas d'étude de l'α-lactalbumine et de l'apo-myoglobine". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00266489.
Texto completoL'état conformationnel de l'α-lactalbumine liée aux membranes s'est révélé très dépendant de la courbure membranaire. Nous avons identifié deux hélices amphiphiles qui sont directement impliquées dans les interactions α-lactalbumine-lipides. D'autre part, nos expériences d'échanges H/D permettent une description thermodynamique de la liaison à la membrane. Dans le cas de l'apo-myoglobine, nos résultats suggèrent un mécanisme commun d'insertion membranaire pour les protéines qui possèdent une topologie de type globine. Par ailleurs, la liaison de l'apo-myoglobine aux membranes ne semble pas nécessaire pour la fonction biologique de cette protéine. Une description des structures membranaires de l'apo-myoglobine a été entreprise par des expériences d'échanges H/D suivies par spectrométrie de masse.
TURPIN, Estelle. "CINETIQUE ET MECANISME DE DEGRADATION ATMOSPHERIQUE DE TROIS COMPOSES ORGANIQUES VOLATILS : L'ACETONE, LE PHENOL ET LE CATECHOL". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009890.
Texto completoIrimiea, Cornelia. "Characterization of soot particles and their precursors by coupling laser-based techniques". Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10066.
Texto completoCombustion impacts many important aspects of our life like the air quality, the local and global climate and the use of energy sources. In the last decades, an outstanding progress towards cleaner combustion has been achieved. However, the reaction pathways leading to the formation of some pollutants, especially particulate matter (soot) resulting from incomplete combustion, are still elusive. In this work, we aim to investigate specific aspects of soot and its precursors formation in laboratory flames for a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms leading from the gas phase up to the mature particulate found in the exhausts. This objective is also pursued in field-campaigns to assess the potential impact of soot surface properties on the environment. Following this approach, experimental techniques like in-situ laser induced incandescence and fluorescence, and ex-situ laser desorption and secondary ion mass spectrometry are used to target specific properties of soot and its precursors. Notably, the evolution of the complex refractive index of soot is measured as a function of soot maturity, and the implications on both the flame physico-chemistry and the analytical techniques applicability are discussed. Additionally, a new detection method for soot and precursors based on simultaneous excitation at one wavelength is developed. In parallel, two campaigns are dedicated to the analysis of the surface chemistry of soot sampled from airplane and car exhausts. Statistical methods as multivariate analysis are used to identify patterns and differences within sets of samples by assessing the influence of the combustion parameters or the role of the fuel
Shamas, Mirna. "Study of the reactivity of radical species of peroxyl type of atmospheric interest". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR036.
Texto completoIn the atmosphere, organic pollutants such as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from biogenic or anthropogenic sources are oxidized by OH radicals leading to the formation of peroxy radicals RO2 and HO2, which play a major role in tropospheric chemistry. Their reactivity controls the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere (cycling of reactive radicals) and the formation of tropospheric ozone and other secondary pollutants. While the reactivity of these peroxy radicals is well known in polluted environments (high NOX concentrations), it is still poorly known in a remote environments containing low concentrations of NOx (ex: tropical forests, marine boundary layer).The aim of the present work is to study the kinetics of some of these peroxy radicals to better understand the radical + radical reactions in clean atmosphere. Two experimental set-ups have been used. First a fast discharge flow reactor, originally designed to complement an existing photolysis cell set-up, was continued to be developed in the frame of this work. This fast flow reactor is coupled to three complementary techniques: the continuous-wave Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (cw-CRDS) for the measurement of the HO2 radical, the Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) for the detection of the OH radical and Mass spectrometry with Molecular Beam sampling (MB/MS) for the measurement of stable reaction products and radical species. An unexplained OH reformation phenomenon has been observed in the previous work done during the validation of this recently developed experimental set-up. In this work, different tests were carried out to explain this OH reformation phenomenon and will be described here. Meanwhile a laser photolysis cell coupled to a double cw-CRDS paths for the simultaneous measurements of RO2 and HO2 radicals was used to determine the absorption cross-section of C2H5O2 radical, the rate constant of C2H5O2 + HO2, and the rate constant and branching ratios for the C2H5O2 self-reaction
Favard, Cyril. "Microspectrofluorimétrie in situ : développement, mise au point et études intracellulaires d'interactions moléculaires". Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066550.
Texto completoMakky, Ali. "ANALYSE DES MECANISMES DE PENETRATION INTRAMEMBRANAIRE DE PORPHYRINES GLYCOCONJUGUEES UTILISABLES EN THERAPIE PHOTODYNAMIQUE DES CANCERS: MODELISATION DES INTERACTIONS SPECIFIQUES ET NON-SPECIFIQUES". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00800719.
Texto completoVanvlassenbroeck, Aurélien. "Etude expérimentale et in silico du potentiel de synthèse NRPS chez les Pseudomonas fluorescents". Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10044/document.
Texto completoThe non-ribosomal peptide synthesis is performed by large multienzymatic complexes, called synthetases, which allow the synthesis of a peptide by a way independent of the intervention of the ribosomes. The peptides produced by this synthetic way (NRPS) are widely studied and various bioinformatics analysis tools that allow the prediction of the structure of the synthetase and the composition of his product, are available. This kind of peptide synthesis has been described in several microorganisms. Our choice focus on the fluorescent pseudomonads producing two types of NRPS, the cyclic lipopeptides (CLPS) and siderophores, the most represented is the pyoverdin. The study of these NRPS was performed by experimental and bioinformatics analysis. This work has demonstrated the potential of non-ribosomal synthesis by a bioinformatics study of the 20 avalaible genomes of Pseudomonas. Study of pyoverdine synthetases and extracting signatures of adenylation domains (A) have allowed to improving the prediction of the avalaible tools. Feeding experiments followed by MALDI-TOF helped to highlight permissive A domains in pyoverdins synthetases
El, hajj Zeinab. "Synthesis and characterization of new hybrid polyoxometalates for photocatalytic and biological applications". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASF078.
Texto completoThe development of a novel class of multifunctional POM hybrids, denoted as ″SiW10-B10-Organic ligand" starting from the POM-Borate precursor ″SiW10-monoB10", has been investigated for biological applications. The latter resulted from the reaction of the carbonyl group of closo-decahydrodecaborate anion [B10H9CO]- with one of the two pendant amine groups of the organic linker 3-(Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), which is covalently attached to the POM Keggin-type polyoxometalate [SiW10O36]2-.Herein, we aimed to go further by functionalizing the second amine function of SiW10-monoB10.The mono-adduct ″SiW10-monoB10” compound was firstly synthesized with good purity and in sufficient quantities, then characterized by atypical 1H-15N HMQC NMR, which allowed the examination of the nature of the free amine function and showed the presence of non-zero amine fraction that would not be involved in the H-H interaction with the decaborate cluster. Consequently, the possibility of new functional groups on this free amino arm of SiW10-monoB10 adduct was tested and followed through 1H and 11B NMR. Despite our best efforts and the various strategies, we have investigated, the studies carried out show that interactions with the POM part and with B-H groups are preferential to the formation of the covalent bonds we had hoped for.In the following section, we turned our attention to other hybrid POMs used as photoinitiators. Anthracene-, benzophenone- and anthraquinone-based derivatives were respectively covalently grafted onto the polyoxometalate (POM) platform [Mo6O19]2-, giving rise to highly colored organo-imido Lindqvist complexes: POM-imidoanthraquinone (POM-AQ), POM-imidoanthracene (POM-AC), and POM-imidobenzophenone (POM-AB). It has been evidenced that photosystems combining N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) as electron donor and these hybrid POMs promote free-radical photopolymerization of acrylate monomer derivatives under irradiation in the visible range, while in similar conditions, no polymerization was observed considering when adding each of the hexamolybdate cluster or the organic entity alone with the MDEA and acrylate monomers. Such organo-imido Lindqvist species can represent new, easy-to-synthesize, efficient visible-light photoinitiators. Moreover, due to the presence of the POM, coatings prepared using the POM-AQ/MDEA/Soybean oil epoxidized acrylate photosystem exhibit excellent mechanical properties, with very good flexibility, resistance to brittle fracture, and adherence to the steel.In the last chapter, the preparation of new closo-borate/CD inclusion complexes has been studied to elaborate systems strong enough to be considered for biological application. Playing on the volume and charge of [B10H10]2- was set out to increase their chaotropic character and thus enhance their binding affinity to cyclodextrins. The encapsulation of [B10H9NCCH3]- and [B20H18]2- anions within cyclodextrins has been investigated in two different parts. ESI-MS and NMR evidenced the formation of inclusion complexes between the borate compounds and beta- and gamma-CDs, while weaker interactions are evidenced with alpha-CD, for which the binding constants were determined by NMR and ITC. These constant values are much higher than those obtained in previous work with [B10H10]2- thus validating the approach followed in this thesis work.A new approach in [B20H18]2- chemistry has also been studied at the end of the work related to the Hydrogen-Deuterium exchange process in [B20H18]2- aqueous solution.1H{11B} and 11B{1H} NMR evidenced selective deuterium-proton exchange processes with the protons of equatorial Boron atoms over a period of time with the presence of degradation. Interestingly, it has been shown through NMR of [B20H18]2-/CD solutions in D2O that beta- and gamma-CDs would protect the anion from degradation after 4-5 months, opening the route for designing Boron-based drugs with enhanced stability suitable for medical use