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Lüpold, Stefan, Sara Calhim, Simone Immler y Tim R. Birkhead. "Sperm morphology and sperm velocity in passerine birds". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, n.º 1659 (23 de diciembre de 2008): 1175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1645.
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Sperm velocity is one of the main determinants of the outcome of sperm competition. Since sperm vary considerably in their morphology between and within species, it seems likely that sperm morphology is associated with sperm velocity. Theory predicts that sperm velocity may be increased by enlarged midpiece (energetic component) or flagellum length (kinetic component), or by particular ratios between sperm components, such as between flagellum length and head size. However, such associations have rarely been found in empirical studies. In a comparative framework in passerine birds, we tested these theoretical predictions both across a wide range of species and within a single family, the New World blackbirds (Icteridae). In both study groups, sperm velocity was influenced by sperm morphology in the predicted direction. Consistent with theoretical models, these results show that selection on sperm morphology and velocity are likely to be concomitant evolutionary forces.
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Malo, Aurelio F., Montserrat Gomendio, Julian Garde, Barbara Lang-Lenton, Ana J. Soler y Eduardo R. S. Roldan. "Sperm design and sperm function". Biology Letters 2, n.º 2 (23 de febrero de 2006): 246–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0449.
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Spermatozoa vary enormously in their form and dimensions, both between and within species, yet how this variation translates into fertilizing efficiency is not known. Sperm swimming velocity is a key determinant of male fertilization success, but previous efforts to identity which sperm phenotypic traits are associated with swimming velocity have been unsuccessful. Here, we examine the relationship between the size of several sperm components and sperm swimming velocity in natural populations of red deer ( Cervus elaphus hispanicus ) where selective pressures to enhance male reproductive success are expected to be strong. Our results show that there is little within-male and considerable between-male variation in sperm dimensions. Spermatozoa with longer midpieces swim more slowly, a finding which does not support the hypothesis that the size of the midpiece determines the amount of energy which is translated into swimming speed. In contrast, spermatozoa with elongated heads, and those in which the relative length of the rest of the flagellum is longer, swim faster. Thus, the hydrodynamic shape of the head and the forces generated by the relative size of the rest of the flagellum seem to be the key determinants of sperm swimming velocity.
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BADENOCH, D. F., H. D. M. MOORE, W. V. HOLT, P. R. EVANS, B. S. SIDHU y S. J. W. EVANS. "Sperm Motility, Velocity and Migration". British Journal of Urology 65, n.º 2 (febrero de 1990): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.1990.tb14701.x.
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Firman, Renée C. y Leigh W. Simmons. "Sperm midpiece length predicts sperm swimming velocity in house mice". Biology Letters 6, n.º 4 (10 de febrero de 2010): 513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.1027.
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Evolutionary biologists have argued that there should be a positive relationship between sperm size and sperm velocity, and that these traits influence a male's sperm competitiveness. However, comparative analyses investigating the evolutionary associations between sperm competition risk and sperm morphology have reported inconsistent patterns of association, and in vitro sperm competition experiments have further confused the issue; in some species, males with longer sperm achieve more competitive fertilization, while in other species males with shorter sperm have greater sperm competitiveness. Few investigations have attempted to address this problem. Here, we investigated the relationship between sperm morphology and sperm velocity in house mice ( Mus domesticus ). We conducted in vitro sperm velocity assays on males from established selection lines, and found that sperm midpiece size was the only phenotypic predictor of sperm swimming velocity.
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Hering, D., M. Lecewicz, W. Kordan y S. Kaminski. "Single nucleotide polymorphism within arylsulfatase D gene (ARSD) is associated with selected kinematic parameters of sperm motility in Holstein-Friesian bulls". Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 17, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2014): 539–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjvs-2014-0081.
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Abstract The aim of the study was to find out whether the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within arylsulfatase D (ARSD) gene is associated with kinematic parameters of sperm motility in Holstein- Friesian bulls. 367 Holstein-Friesian bulls kept in one AI center were included in the study. Point mutation C/T at position 139037255 on chromosome X (rs42207167) was identified by PCR-RFLP method (Pflm I). Significant associations were found between ARSD genotypes and CASA-derived sperm motility parameters: average TM (Total Motility), average VSL (Straight Velocity), average VCL (Curvilinear Velocity) and for fraction of sperms showing progressive motility (a) of sperms (VSLa, VCLa and BCFa -Beat Cross Frequency). Most significant differences were observed between alternative homozygotes (CC vs TT). Our results suggest new role of arylsulfatase D gene as being involved in sperm motility.
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Gasparini, Clelia, Alfredo V. Peretti y Andrea Pilastro. "Female presence influences sperm velocity in the guppy". Biology Letters 5, n.º 6 (5 de agosto de 2009): 792–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0413.
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As sperm production is costly, males are expected to strategically allocate resources to sperm production according to mating opportunities. While sperm number adjustments have been reported in several taxa, only a few studies investigated whether sperm quality shows adaptive plasticity as well. We tested this prediction in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata . A total of 46 males were initially stripped of all retrievable sperm before being randomly allocated to one of two treatments simulating different levels of mating opportunities (visual contact with females or female deprived). After 3 days, males were stripped and sperm velocity was assayed using Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis. Males in the presence of females produced significantly faster sperm than their counterparts. Implications for the evolution of this ejaculate plasticity in the light of results of sperm competition studies are discussed.
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Stewart, Donald T., Mamta Jha, Sophie Breton, W. Randolph Hoeh y Pierre U. Blier. "No effect of sperm interactions or egg homogenate on sperm velocity in the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis (Bivalvia: Mytilidae)". Canadian Journal of Zoology 90, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2012): 1291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z2012-099.
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We investigated the possible effects of sperm interactions and homogenized eggs on sperm velocity in blue mussels ( Mytilus edulis L., 1758) using computer-assisted sperm analysis. To test whether sperm competition results in an increase in sperm velocity, using seven pairs of males, we compared the mean curvilinear and average path velocities of sperm from two males measured separately with the corresponding values from a mixture of sperm from the same two males. To test whether the presence of eggs results in an increase in sperm velocity, we compared curvilinear and average path velocities from 11 individual males with the corresponding measures from the same 11 sperm samples mixed with aliquots of homogenized eggs. Neither experimental treatment resulted in an increase in sperm velocity. We interpret these results as consistent with the hypothesis that mussel sperm have been selected to immediately begin swimming at an optimal initial velocity that is adaptive for the particular environment in which they are located. Critical factors affecting the evolution of sperm velocity for broadcast spawning, external fertilizers such as M. edulis likely include population density and intraspecific spawning synchronicity. As has been suggested by others, the importance of sperm limitation (i.e., having much less than 100% of eggs being fertilized in the wild) may be as important an evolutionary driving force in broadcast spawning invertebrates as sperm competition is in internally or directly fertilized species.
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Fitzpatrick, John L., Francisco Garcia-Gonzalez y Jonathan P. Evans. "Linking sperm length and velocity: the importance of intramale variation". Biology Letters 6, n.º 6 (19 de mayo de 2010): 797–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0231.
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Selection imposed through sperm competition is commonly thought to promote the evolution of longer sperm, since sperm length is assumed to be positively associated with sperm swimming velocity. Yet, the basis for this assumption remains controversial, and there is surprisingly little intraspecific evidence demonstrating such a link between sperm form and function. Here, we show that sperm length and velocity are highly correlated in the sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma , but importantly we report that failure to account for within-male variation in these sperm traits can obscure this relationship. These findings, in conjunction with the mounting evidence for extremely high levels of intra-specific variance in sperm traits, suggest that a functional link between sperm morphology and velocity may be more prevalent than what current evidence suggests. Our findings also suggest that selection for faster swimming sperm may promote the evolution of longer sperm, thereby supporting recent findings from macroevolutionary studies.
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Bennison, Clair, Nicola Hemmings, Lola Brookes, Jon Slate y Tim Birkhead. "Sperm morphology, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration and swimming velocity: unexpected relationships in a passerine bird". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, n.º 1837 (31 de agosto de 2016): 20161558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1558.
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The relationship between sperm energetics and sperm function is poorly known, but is central to our understanding of the evolution of sperm traits. The aim of this study was to examine how sperm morphology and ATP content affect sperm swimming velocity in the zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata . We exploited the high inter-male variation in this species and created extra experimental power by increasing the number of individuals with very long or short sperm through artificial selection. We found a pronounced quadratic relationship between total sperm length and swimming velocity, with velocity increasing with length up to a point, but declining in the very longest sperm. We also found an unexpected negative association between midpiece length and ATP content: sperm with a short midpiece generally contained the highest concentration of ATP. Low intracellular ATP is therefore unlikely to explain reduced swimming velocity among the very longest sperm (which tend to have a shorter midpiece).
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Schmoll, Tim, Geir Rudolfsen, Holger Schielzeth y Oddmund Kleven. "Sperm velocity in a promiscuous bird across experimental media of different viscosities". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, n.º 1931 (15 de julio de 2020): 20201031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1031.
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In species with internal fertilization, the female genital tract appears challenging to sperm, possibly resulting from selection on for example ovarian fluid to control sperm behaviour and, ultimately, fertilization. Few studies, however, have examined the effects of swimming media viscosities on sperm performance. We quantified effects of media viscosities on sperm velocity in promiscuous willow warblers Phylloscopus trochilus . We used both a reaction norm and a character-state approach to model phenotypic plasticity of sperm behaviour across three experimental media of different viscosities. Compared with a standard medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium, DMEM), media enriched with 1% or 2% w/v methyl cellulose decreased sperm velocity by up to about 50%. Spermatozoa from experimental ejaculates of different males responded similarly to different viscosities, and a lack of covariance between elevations and slopes of individual velocity-by-viscosity reaction norms indicated that spermatozoa from high- and low-velocity ejaculates were slowed down by a similar degree when confronted with high-viscosity environments. Positive cross-environment (1% versus 2% cellulose) covariances of sperm velocity under the character-state approach suggested that sperm performance represents a transitive trait, with rank order of individual ejaculates maintained when expressed against different environmental backgrounds. Importantly, however, a lack of significant covariances in sperm velocity involving a cellulose concentration of 0% indicated that pure DMEM represented a qualitatively different environment, questioning the validity of this widely used standard medium for assaying sperm performance. Enriching sperm environments along ecologically relevant gradients prior to assessing sperm performance will strengthen explanatory power of in vitro studies of sperm behaviour.
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Marcos, Ronan Maciel, Giovano Neumann, Cesar Pereira Rebechi de Toledo, João Marcos Sena, Gilmar Baumgartner y Robie Allan Bombardelli. "Seminal and spermatic characteristics of fresh semen and the effects of sperm cooling in Steindachneridion melanodermatum (Garavello, 2005)". Semina: Ciências Agrárias 36, n.º 6Supl2 (16 de diciembre de 2015): 4493. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n6sup2p4493.
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This study describes the seminal and spermatic characteristics of fresh semen of Steindachneridion melanodermatum and investigates the effects of dilution, temperature, and storage period on its spermatic parameters. Sperm samples were collected from nine hormonally-induced males. The following parameters in fresh sperm were analyzed: seminal plasma osmolality (OSM), seminal pH, sperm motility (MOT), sperm velocity (SV) (including sperm curvilinear velocity (CVV), sperm straight-line velocity (SLV), and sperm average path velocity (APV)), total time of sperm motility (TEMP), sperm concentration (CONC), and index of sperm normality (NORM). Sperm samples from each male were diluted in a solution containing 5% fructose and 5% powdered milk, and stored at 10°C and 25°C. The same was carried out for sperm samples not subjected to dilution. From these samples, MOT, CVV, SLV, APV, SV, and TEMP were measured after 0 h, 5 h, 9 h, 18 h, 27 h, 36 h, 45 h, and 54 h. Males released 11.74 ± 5.38 mL of sperm, with an osmolality of 258.78 ± 29.36 mOsm.kg-1 and pH of 7.11 ± 0.31. The sperm presented a MOT of 99.86 ± 0.31% at a concentration of 1.03 × 1010 ± 3.65 × 109 spermatozoa.mL-1 with CVV of 185.58 ± 14.11 ?m.s-1, SLV of 49.15 ± 4.66 ?m.s-1, APV of 87.02 ± 4.13 ?m.s-1, SV of 106.52 ± 4.45 ?m.s-1, TEMP of 79.31 ± 5.62 s, NORM of 75.81 ± 5.71%. The results indicate that sperm motility, sperm velocity, and total time of sperm activation were affected by dilution, storage temperature, and storage period (p < 0.05). Procedures for semen storage should be performed with undiluted sperm cooled at 10°C, or kept undiluted at 25°C for up to 27 h.
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Pathak, P. K., A. J. Dhami y D. V. Chaudhari. "Correlations of Motion Characteristics and KinematicAttributes of Fresh and Frozen-thawed Spermatozoaof Gir Bulls". INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 15, n.º 01 (25 de julio de 2019): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21887/ijvsbt.15.1.2.
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This investigation was carried out on semen of three healthy mature breeding bulls of Gir breed to evaluate the interrelationships among sperm quality attributes of fresh and frozen-thawed semen assessed by Biovis CASA. The ejaculates (n = 24) having >75% initial motility were diluted @80 million sperm/mL using TFYG extender, filled in French mini straws, and were frozen using a programmable bio freezer after 4 hours of equilibration. The straws were thawed in a water bath at 37°C for 30 sec. The freshly diluted and frozenthawed samples were assessed for routine subjective tests and various motion characteristics/kinematics by Biovis CASA. The Pearson’s correlations for sperm motility and velocity/kinematic parameters of total motile sperm as well as of progressively motile sperm were studied in freshly diluted and frozen-thawed semen. In fresh semen, total motile sperm assessed by CASA had significant (p less than 0.05, 01) correlations with rapid progressive motile sperm (r = 0.46), wobbling index (r = 0.52) and dancing frequency (r = -0.43) in fresh semen. In frozen-thawed semen, it was significantly correlated only with linearity (r = 0.46). The rapid progressive motile sperm in both fresh (r = 0.41 to 0.92) and frozen-thawed (r = 044 to 0.88) semen, however, had significant correlations with most of their velocity traits. Further, the average path velocity (VAP), curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight line velocity (VSL), linearity (LIN), straightness (STR), wobbling (WOB), beat-cross frequency (BCF), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), and dancing mean (DNM) of sperm showed significant positive or negative interrelationships among each other in both fresh (r = 0.41 to 0.91) as well as post-thawed (r = 0.44 to 0.90) semen. Moreover, the correlations of motility and kinematics parameters of total motile sperm in both fresh and frozen-thawed semen were highly significant with velocity/kinematics traits of only progressively motile sperm, and the velocity traits among only motile sperm were highly significantly interrelated in both fresh (r = 0.46 to 0.98) and frozen-thawed (r = 0.43 to 0.93) semen of Girbulls, though the magnitudes of correlations were lower in frozen-thawed semen as compared to fresh semen. Thus, CASA analysis offresh semen for motility and velocity traits could predict the post-thawed sperm motility and velocity/kinematics of bovine semen.
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Green, Leon y Charlotta Kvarnemo. "Sperm-duct gland content increases sperm velocity in the sand goby". Biology Open 8, n.º 3 (5 de marzo de 2019): bio037994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/bio.037994.
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Hirano, Yuki, Hiroaki Shibahara, Kazuhiko Shimada, Seiji Yamanaka, Tatsuya Suzuki, Satoru Takamizawa, Mitsuhiro Motoyama y Mitsuaki Suzuki. "Accuracy of sperm velocity assessment using the Sperm Quality Analyzer V". Reproductive Medicine and Biology 2, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2003): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0578.2003.00039.x.
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Perumal, P., S. K. Srivastava, S. K. Ghosh y K. K. Baruah. "Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis of Freezable and Nonfreezable Mithun (Bos frontalis) Semen". Journal of Animals 2014 (18 de agosto de 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/675031.
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The present study was undertaken to assess the motility and velocity parameters of sperm of freezable and nonfreezable ejaculates by computer-assisted sperm analyser (CASA) such as Hamilton-Thorne Semen Analyser IVOS 11 in mithun semen. Fifty ejaculates (twenty-five ejaculates each for freezable and nonfreezable semen ejaculates) were collected from ten matured mithun bulls. CASA parameters, motility parameters such as forward progressive motility (FPM) (%), nonprogressive motility (NPM) (%), total motility (TM) (%), and static sperms (SM) (%); velocity parameters such as curvilinear velocity (VCL) (μm/sec), straight line velocity (VSL) (μm/sec), average path velocity (VAP) (μm/sec), linearity (LIN) (%), straightness (STR) (%), wobble (WOB) (%), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) (μm), and beat/cross-frequency (BCF) (Hz) were measured by CASA analyser. The result revealed that these parameters varied significantly (P<0.05) between the freezable and nonfreezable ejaculates and freezable ejaculates have significantly (P<0.05) higher value than nonfreezable ejaculates. It was concluded that most of the CASA parameters were significantly lower in nonfreezable ejaculates than in freezable ejaculates in mithun and confirmed that the CASA was effective for a quick and objective analysis of motility and velocity parameters in mithun semen.
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Marcos, Ronan Maciel, Giovano Neumann, Cesar Pereira Rebechi de Toledo, João Marcos Sena, Gilmar Baumgartner y Robie Allan Bombardelli. "Seminal and spermatic characteristics of fresh semen and the effects of sperm cooling in Steindachneridion melanodermatum (Garavello, 2005)". Semina: Ciências Agrárias 36, n.º 6Supl2 (16 de diciembre de 2015): 4493. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n6supl2p4493.
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<p>This study describes the seminal and spermatic characteristics of fresh semen of <em>Steindachneridion melanodermatum </em>and investigates the effects of dilution, temperature, and storage period on its spermatic parameters. Sperm samples were collected from nine hormonally-induced males. The following parameters in fresh sperm were analyzed: seminal plasma osmolality (OSM), seminal pH, sperm motility (MOT), sperm velocity (SV) (including sperm curvilinear velocity (CVV), sperm straight-line velocity (SLV), and sperm average path velocity (APV)), total time of sperm motility (TEMP), sperm concentration (CONC), and index of sperm normality (NORM). Sperm samples from each male were diluted in a solution containing 5% fructose and 5% powdered milk, and stored at 10°C and 25°C. The same was carried out for sperm samples not subjected to dilution. From these samples, MOT, CVV, SLV, APV, SV, and TEMP were measured after 0 h, 5 h, 9 h, 18 h, 27 h, 36 h, 45 h, and 54 h. Males released 11.74 ± 5.38 mL of sperm, with an osmolality of 258.78 ± 29.36 mOsm.kg-1 and pH of 7.11 ± 0.31. The sperm presented a MOT of 99.86 ± 0.31% at a concentration of 1.03 × 1010 ± 3.65 × 109 spermatozoa.mL-1 with CVV of 185.58 ± 14.11 ?m.s-1, SLV of 49.15 ± 4.66 ?m.s-1, APV of 87.02 ± 4.13 ?m.s-1, SV of 106.52 ± 4.45 ?m.s-1, TEMP of 79.31 ± 5.62 s, NORM of 75.81 ± 5.71%. The results indicate that sperm motility, sperm velocity, and total time of sperm activation were affected by dilution, storage temperature, and storage period (p < 0.05). Procedures for semen storage should be performed with undiluted sperm cooled at 10°C, or kept undiluted at 25°C for up to 27 h.</p>
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Bennison, Clair, Nicola Hemmings, Jon Slate y Tim Birkhead. "Long sperm fertilize more eggs in a bird". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, n.º 1799 (22 de enero de 2015): 20141897. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1897.
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Sperm competition, in which the ejaculates of multiple males compete to fertilize a female's ova, results in strong selection on sperm traits. Although sperm size and swimming velocity are known to independently affect fertilization success in certain species, exploring the relationship between sperm length, swimming velocity and fertilization success still remains a challenge. Here, we use the zebra finch ( Taeniopygia guttata ), where sperm size influences sperm swimming velocity, to determine the effect of sperm total length on fertilization success. Sperm competition experiments, in which pairs of males whose sperm differed only in length and swimming speed, revealed that males producing long sperm were more successful in terms of (i) the number of sperm reaching the ova and (ii) fertilizing those ova. Our results reveal that although sperm length is the main factor determining the outcome of sperm competition, complex interactions between male and female reproductive traits may also be important. The mechanisms underlying these interactions are poorly understood, but we suggest that differences in sperm storage and utilization by females may contribute to the outcome of sperm competition.
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Vaz Serrano, Jonathan, Ivar Folstad, Geir Rudolfsen y Lars Figenschou. "Do the fastest sperm within an ejaculate swim faster in subordinate than in dominant males of Arctic char?" Canadian Journal of Zoology 84, n.º 7 (1 de julio de 2006): 1019–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z06-097.
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Theoretical models predict that subordinate males should have higher sperm velocity to compensate for their disadvantaged mating role and because they experience sperm competition more frequently than dominant males. Differences in mean velocity between sperm of dominants and subordinates in the predicted direction are also documented for a few species, including the Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus (L., 1758). Yet, this difference in mean velocity does not imply that the fastest sperm within an ejaculate, which are those most likely to fertilize eggs, swim faster in subordinates than in dominants. We studied the 5% and 10% fastest sperm cells in ejaculates of dominant and subordinate Arctic char. Before individuals attained their status, there were no differences in velocity between the fastest sperm of males that later became dominant or subordinate. Yet, after establishment of social position, subordinates showed significantly higher sperm swimming speed of the fastest cells in the first 30 s post activation (i.e., at 15, 20, and 30 s post activation). Males that became subordinates showed no change in sperm speed of the fast cells compared with those at pre-trial levels, whereas males that became dominant reduced the speed of their sperm (15 s post activation) compared with those at pre-trial levels. Our results suggest that males which attain social dominance are unable to maintain high sperm velocity, even among the small fraction of the fastest cells.
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Angrimani, D. S. R., C. F. Lúcio, J. D. A. Losano, M. M. Brito, R. A. Silva Júnior, L. B. Keid, M. Nichi y C. I. Vannucchi. "The influence of canine brucellosis on morphofunctional features of epididymal spermatozoa: case report". Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 68, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2016): 1449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-9015.
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ABSTRACT The present work reports a clinical case of a mongrel dog, with serological diagnosis of brucellosis, from which epididymal sperm analysis was performed. Sperm samples were collected from different segments of the epididymis (tail, corpus, and caput). Sperm samples were evaluated for computer-assisted motility analysis (CASA), spermatic morphology, mitochondrial activity and sperm plasmatic membrane and acrosomal integrity. Changes in sperm movement patterns were found (progressive motility, percentage of rapid sperm, percentage of rapid velocity, average pathway, curvilinear velocity, velocity straight line, amplitude of lateral head displacement, straightness and linearity), increase of total morphological defects (51%) and absence of sperm mitochondrial activity (20%) were verified, especially for cauda epididymides. We highlight that such changes can contribute to clinical diagnosis of Brucellosis in dogs and to the use of epididymal sperm in reproductive biotechnologies.
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Calamera, J. C., I. Sanchez, M. C. Quiros, R. F. Nicholson y S. Brugo. "Different sperm velocity distributions in normozoospermic samples". Andrologia 22, n.º 4 (24 de abril de 2009): 331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0272.1990.tb01997.x.
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Nongbua, Thanapol, Essraa M. Al-Essawe, Anders Edman, Anders Johannisson y Jane M. Morrell. "Effect of adding heterologous versus homologous bovine seminal plasma prior to cryopreservation on bull sperm quality after thawing". Zygote 26, n.º 5 (octubre de 2018): 388–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199418000394.
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SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adding homologous or heterologous bovine seminal plasma (SP) to SP-free sperm samples before freezing on sperm quality after thawing. Ejaculates from bulls of known fertility were used as a source of SP. The SP was removed from further aliquots of the same ejaculates by colloid centrifugation to create SP-free sperm samples; the resuspended sperm pellets were treated with homologous or heterologous SP from high or low fertility bulls at 0%, 1% or 5% before freezing. After thawing, sperm quality was evaluated by computer-assisted sperm analysis and flow cytometry for membrane integrity, reactive oxygen species, chromatin structure, mitochondrial membrane potential and protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Data were analysed using Proc MIXED, SAS®. Post-hoc comparisons were adjusted for multiplicity using Tukey’s method. The addition of SP resulted in significant differences in sperm quality, namely velocity class A, Velocity Straight Line (VSL), Velocity Average Path (VAP), Velocity Curved Line (VCL), Amplitude of Lateral Head Displacement (ALH), Hyperactive (HYP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and % DNA fragmentation index (DFI) (P<0.05 for each). Although adding 5% homologous SP from high fertility bulls was beneficial to sperm kinematics, 5% heterologous SP from high fertility bulls had a deleterious effect on chromatin integrity and on sperm velocity. In conclusion, adding SP may have either a beneficial effect or a deleterious effect depending on the individuals involved. It might be feasible to use this method to improve sperm quality in some circumstances.
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Gómez Montoto, Laura, María Varea Sánchez, Maximiliano Tourmente, Juan Martín-Coello, Juan José Luque-Larena, Montserrat Gomendio y Eduardo R. S. Roldan. "Sperm competition differentially affects swimming velocity and size of spermatozoa from closely related muroid rodents: head first". REPRODUCTION 142, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2011): 819–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-11-0232.
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Sperm competition favours an increase in sperm swimming velocity that maximises the chances that sperm will reach the ova before rival sperm and fertilise. Comparative studies have shown that the increase in sperm swimming speed is associated with an increase in total sperm size. However, it is not known which are the first evolutionary steps that lead to increases in sperm swimming velocity. Using a group of closely related muroid rodents that differ in levels of sperm competition, we here test the hypothesis that subtle changes in sperm design may represent early evolutionary changes that could make sperm swim faster. Our findings show that as sperm competition increases so does sperm swimming speed. Sperm swimming velocity is associated with the size of all sperm components. However, levels of sperm competition are only related to an increase in sperm head area. Such increase is a consequence of an increase in the length of the sperm head, and also of the presence of an apical hook in some of the species studied. These findings suggest that the presence of a hook may modify the sperm head in such a way that would help sperm swim faster and may also be advantageous if sperm with larger heads are better able to attach to the epithelial cells lining the lower isthmus of the oviduct where sperm remain quiescent before the final race to reach the site of fertilisation.
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Putranti, Oktora Dwi, Lovita Adriani, S. Soeparna y Tita Damayanti Lestari. "Effect of Caffeine on Motility of Epididymis Spermatozoa of Bali Bull in Slaughterhouse Cibinong". Chalaza Journal of Animal Husbandry 4, n.º 2 (3 de enero de 2020): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31327/chalaza.v4i2.1133.
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Abattoir is the place to get meat but also a source of potential genetic sperm. Sperm from a slaughterhouse has low motility. Sperm motility can be improved by adding caffeine to the thinner before being used for fertilization. Caffeine is an alkaloid compound that can increase energy through a cAMP cycle. The method used is the testis of 12 cows Bali taken from a slaughterhouse Cibinong and do frozen sperm. Frozen sperm is analyzed using a computer-assisted sperm Analyzed (CASA) who had been treated caffeine 0, 2, 4, and 6 mg/ml. Fertility frozen epididymis sperm was tested using in vitro fertilization. Results were analyzed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments unidirectional pattern three repetitions. The results showed that the treatment with the addition of caffeine to the thinner of the yolk tris egg yolk epididymis sperm, there was no difference in motility, recovery rate, Curvilinear velocity (VCL), average path velocity (VAP), and straight-line velocity (VSL).
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Silla, Aimee J., Leesa M. Keogh y Phillip G. Byrne. "Sperm motility activation in the critically endangered booroolong frog: the effect of medium osmolality and phosphodiesterase inhibitors". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29, n.º 11 (2017): 2277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd17012.
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Effective activation of sperm motility is fundamental to successful artificial fertilisation; however, studies investigating optimal procedures in amphibians are lacking. This study found the optimal osmolality of activation media for sperm motility activation and evaluated the effect of phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors on sperm activation and longevity in the critically endangered booroolong frog, Litoria booroolongensis. To assess the effect of medium osmolality (10, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 200 mOsmol kg−1) and PDE inhibitors (control, 2.5 mM caffeine, 5 mM caffeine, 2.5 mM pentoxifylline, 5 mM pentoxifylline, 2.5 mM theophylline and 5 mM theophylline) on initial activation, percentage sperm motility and sperm velocity were quantified using computer-assisted sperm analysis. To assess the effect of PDE inhibitors (control, 2.5 mM caffeine and 2.5 mM theophylline) on sperm longevity, percentage motility and velocity were assessed hourly until 10 h after activation. High (>60%) percentage motility was achieved in a broad range of activation-medium osmolalities (10–75 mOsmol kg−1). PDE inhibitors did not have an effect on initial sperm motility or velocity, but caffeine and theophylline improved sperm longevity, significantly increasing motility and velocity at 8, 9 and 10 h after activation. Data also show that sperm longevity in L. booroolongensis is extreme, with spermatozoa remaining motile more than twice as long as those of any other anuran amphibian.
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FETTEROLF, P. "Stimulation of human sperm velocity by an echinoderm sperm motility activating peptide". Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation 2, n.º 2 (abril de 1995): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1071-5576(95)94576-g.
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Ros-Santaella, José Luis, Eliana Pintus y José Julián Garde. "Intramale variation in sperm size: functional significance in a polygynous mammal". PeerJ 3 (8 de diciembre de 2015): e1478. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1478.
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Studies concerning the relationships between sperm size and velocity at the intraspecific level are quite limited and often yielded contradictory results across the animal kingdom. Intramale variation in sperm size may represent a meaningful factor to predict sperm velocity, due to its relationship with the level of sperm competition among related taxa. Because sperm phenotype is under post-copulatory sexual selection, we hypothesized that a reduced intramale variation in sperm size is associated with sperm competitiveness in red deer. Our results show that low variation in sperm size is strongly related to high sperm velocity and normal sperm morphology, which in turn are good predictors of male fertility in this species. Furthermore, it is well known that the red deer show high variability in testicular mass but there is limited knowledge concerning the significance of this phenomenon at intraspecific level, even though it may reveal interesting processes of sexual selection. Thereby, as a preliminary result, we found that absolute testes mass is negatively associated with intramale variation in sperm size. Our findings suggest that sperm size variation in red deer is under a strong selective force leading to increase sperm function efficiency, and reveal new insights into sexual selection mechanisms.
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Devigili, Alessandro, Jonathan P. Evans y John L. Fitzpatrick. "Predation shapes sperm performance surfaces in guppies". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, n.º 1905 (26 de junio de 2019): 20190869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0869.
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Sperm velocity is a key determinant of competitive fertilization success in many species. Selection is therefore expected to favour the evolution of faster sperm when the level of sperm competition is high. However, several aspects can determine the direction and strength of selection acting on this key performance trait, including ecological factors that influence both sperm competition and the strength of selection acting on correlated traits that may constrain evolutionary responses in sperm velocity. Here, we determine how a key ecological variable, the level of predation, shapes sperm swimming speed across 18 Trinidadian populations of guppies ( Poecilia reticulata ). We use performance analysis, a statistical tool akin to the familiar methods of multivariate selection analyses, to determine how the level of predation influences sperm velocity (modelled as a performance trait) when accounting for correlated pre- and postcopulatory traits that are also impacted by predation. We show that predation affects the combination of pre- and postcopulatory traits that ultimately predict sperm performance. Overall, we report evidence for disruptive relationships between sperm performance and combinations of ornaments and sperm morphology, but the specific combinations of traits that predict sperm velocity depended on the level of predation. These analyses underscore the complex nonlinear interrelationships among pre- and postcopulatory traits and the importance of considering ecological factors that may ultimately change the way in which multiple traits interact to determine a trait's performance value. As such, our results are likely to be broadly applicable across systems where selection is influenced by ecological conditions.
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Alavi, Sayyed Mohammad Hadi, Natsuki Matsumura, Kogiku Shiba, Naoki Itoh, Keisuke G. Takahashi, Kazuo Inaba y Makoto Osada. "Roles of extracellular ions and pH in 5-HT-induced sperm motility in marine bivalve". REPRODUCTION 147, n.º 3 (marzo de 2014): 331–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-13-0418.
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Factors that inhibit and stimulate the initiation of sperm motility were determined for Manila clam (Ruditapesphilippinarum), Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), and Japanese scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis). Compared with artificial seawater (ASW), serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate, 5-HT) could fully trigger sperm motility and increase sperm velocity and motility duration. Sperm motility was decreased in ASW at pH 6.5–7.0 and suppressed at pH 4.0. In Manila clam and Pacific oyster, 5-HT could overcome the inhibitory effects of acidic pH on sperm motility. In the presence of nigericin (a K+/H+exchanger), sperm motility was only triggered at pH 8.3. Testicular fluid K+concentrations were two- to fourfold higher than that in ASW. Sperm motility and velocity were decreased in ASW or 5-HT containing ≥40 mM K+or ≥2.5 mM 4-aminopyridine, suggesting K+efflux requirement to initiate motility. Sperm motility and velocity were reduced in ASW or 5-HT containing EGTA or W-7, suggesting that extracellular Ca2+is required for Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent flagellar beating. Ca2+influx occurs via Ca2+channels because sperm motility and velocity were decreased in both ASW and 5-HT containing T-type and L-type Ca2+channel blockers. 5-HT-dependent initiation of sperm motility was associated with intracellular Ca2+rise, which was comparable to that seen in ASW but was not observed in the presence of EGTA or a Ca2+channel blocker. Extracellular Na+is also essential for sperm motility initiation via regulation of Na+/Ca2+exchange. Overall, 5-HT-dependent initiation of sperm motility in marine bivalve mollusks is an osmolality-independent mechanism and regulated by extracellular pH, K+, Ca2+, and Na+.
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Nichols, Zoe G., Scott Rikard, Sayyed Mohammad Hadi Alavi, William C. Walton y Ian A. E. Butts. "Regulation of sperm motility in Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) spawning naturally in seawater with low salinity". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 3 (18 de marzo de 2021): e0243569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243569.
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Oyster aquaculture is expanding worldwide, where many farms rely on seed produced by artificial spawning. As sperm motility and velocity are key determinants for fertilization success, understanding the regulation of sperm motility and identifying optimal environmental conditions can increase fertility and seed production. In the present study, we investigated the physiological mechanisms regulating sperm motility in Eastern oyster,Crassostrea virginica. Sperm motility was activated in ambient seawater with salinity 4–32 PSU with highest motility and velocity observed at 12–24 PSU. In artificial seawater (ASW) with salinity of 20 PSU, sperm motility was activated at pH 6.5–10.5 with the highest motility and velocity recorded at pH 7.5–10.0. Sperm motility was inhibited or totally suppressed in Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+-free ASW at 20 PSU. Applications of K+(500 μM glybenclamide and 10–50 mM 4-aminopyridine), Ca2+(1–50 μM mibefradil and 10–200 μM verapamil), or Na+(0.2–2.0 mM amiloride) channel blockers into ASW at 20 PSU inhibited or suppressed sperm motility and velocity. Chelating extracellular Ca2+ions by 3.0 and 3.5 mM EGTA resulted in a significant reduction and full suppression of sperm motility by 4 to 6 min post-activation. These results suggest that extracellular K+, Ca2+, and Na+ions are involved in regulation of ionic-dependent sperm motility in Eastern oyster. A comparison with other bivalve species typically spawning at higher salinities or in full-strength seawater shows that ionic regulation of sperm motility is physiologically conserved in bivalves. Elucidating sperm regulation inC.virginicahas implications to develop artificial reproduction, sperm short-term storage, or cryopreservation protocols, and to better predict how changes in the ocean will impact oyster spawning dynamics.
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Clotfelter, Ethan D. y Hannah K. Gendelman. "Exposure to Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Genistein during Activation Does Not Affect Sperm Motility in the Fighting FishBetta splendens". BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/865741.
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Sperm collected from male fighting fishBetta splendenswere activated in control water, water containing the ion-channel blocker gadolinium (a putative positive control), or water containing the isoflavone phytoestrogen genistein to determine the effects of acute genistein exposure on male reproductive function. Computer-assisted sperm analysis was used to quantify the proportion of sperm that were motile and the swimming velocity of those sperm. The highest concentration of gadolinium (100 μM) tested was effective at reducing sperm motility and velocity, but neither concentration of genistein tested (3.7 nM or 3.7 μM) significantly affected these sperm parameters. Our findings suggest that acute exposure to waterborne phytoestrogens during activation does not reduce the motility of fish sperm.
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Pérez-Marín, Carlos Carmelo, Ander Arando, Francisco Maroto-Molina, Alberto Marín y Juan Vicente Delgado. "Las subpoblaciones de espermatozoides y su calidad en fracciones producidas por la centrifugación de una sola capa en muestras frescas y normospérmicas de esperma de cordero". Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias 12, n.º 2 (15 de septiembre de 2021): 386–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v12i2.5683.
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Single layer centrifugation (SLC) technique has been developed to select the best sperm population in the ejaculate in order to increase the fertilization rates by artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization. Normospermic ram semen samples containing 800 and 3,000 × 106 sperms/ml (C800 and C3000, respectively) were processed by SLC. Three sperm fractions were separated in each sample following silica-coloidal sperm centrifugation and sperm yield, quality and subpopulations were analyzed in each one. In C800 group, the sperm recovery rate did not vary in any studied fraction, but when samples were highly concentrated (C3000) the top fraction (F1) contained significantly higher spermatozoa than bottom fraction (F3). Also, it was observed that F1 in C3000 had got a significantly higher percentage of spermatozoa (53.2 %) than in C800, while the quantity of spermatozoa recovered in fraction 2 was lower (25.2 % vs 45.4 %). Based on the sperm motility parameters, three sperm subpopulations were identified: SP1, low velocity spermatozoa showing no progressive movement (19.1 %); SP2, rapid and progressive spermatozoa (43.7 %); and SP3, rapid spermatozoa but non-linear movement (37.2 %). While SLC has been implemented for sperm separation in suboptimal and/or low concentrated sperm samples, this trial demonstrates that SLC is not efficient to separate different sperm populations in normospermic ram sperm samples containing high concentrations of spermatozoa.
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Arakeri, Suresh, MK Tandle, PT Vinay, RG Bijurkar, MD Suranagi, Jagannath Rao y S. Kulkarni. "Evaluation of Sperm Velocity Parameters with Glutathione and Honey in Skim Milk Based Extenders by CASA on Boer Buck". INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 15, n.º 04 (30 de abril de 2020): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21887/ijvsbt.15.4.6.
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The study aimed to evaluate the Boer buck sperm velocity (μm/sec) parameters (VCL: Curvilinear Velocity, VAP: Average Path Velocity and VSL: Straight line Velocity) with 5 mM Glutathione (G) and 1% or 2% Honey (H) in Skim milk (SM) based extenders preserved at refrigeration temperature for 0, 24, 48 and 72 hrs. A total of 72 ejaculates were collected equally from 6 mature bucks at the weekly interval by using Artificial Vagina (AV) as per the standard procedure. All the ejaculates were diluted using six Skim milk-based extenders, viz. SME, SMGE, SMGH(1%)E, SMGH(2%)E, SMH(1%)E and SMH(2%)E. The sperm motility was evaluated by CASA (Computer Assisted Semen Analyzer). The data obtained was statistically analyzed. The results showed that sperm velocity parameters (VCL, VAP, and VSL) differed significantly (p less than 0.05) from the extender to extender at 24, 48, and 72 hours of refrigeration. Supplementation of optimum concentration of glutathione (5 mM) and honey (1%) maintained better sperm velocity parameters up to 72 hours of storage compared to other extenders and was successful in the preservation of buck spermatozoa at refrigeration temperature. Hence, It was concluded that Boer buck semen could be preserved effectively with SMGH(1%)E at refrigeration temperature for sperm velocity parameters up to 72 hours of storage.
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Ali, Mohamed, Musa M. Musa, Sulaiman Alfadul y K. Al-Sobayel. "Effect of Gum Arabic on Stallion Sperm Survival During Cold Storage and Post Freezing". Macedonian Veterinary Review 41, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2018): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/macvetrev-2017-0026.
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Abstract This study is aimed at investigating effects of supplementation of stallion’ semen extender with various concentrations of Gum Arabic (GA) versus egg yolk (EY) on viscosity, sperm motility and survival during cooling and freezing. Physical sperm characteristics; i.e. curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), linearity (LIN) and straightness index (STR) were evaluated. Based on the sperm velocity (velocity of the average path), individual spermatozoons were classified into two major groups; i.e., progressively motile (>45 μm/sec) and immotile (0-45 μm/sec) spermatozoa. Addition of 3, 9 or 15% of GA to HF-20 extender resulted in linear decreases in VCL, VSL and VAP and a decrease in the percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa. Dilution of horse semen samples with high viscosityextenders (i.e., high percentage of GA) decreased the VCL, VSL and VAP in fresh and chilled semen. Freezing semen in high viscosity-extenders reduced percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa compared with those of low viscosity-extenders. In refrigerated and frozen semen samples, the extender containing 15% GA had detrimental effects on the percentage of progressively motile sperm cells and velocity of progressive motile sperm. Moreover, cooling sperm in extenders containing 9 or 15% of GA for 72 hours resulted in complete motility cessation. In conclusion, GA could replace EY in stallion semen extenders at a level of 3% to maintain the physical and biological characteristics of cold and frozen semen.
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Alameri, Mohammed, Khairunnisa Hasikin, Nahrizul Adib Kadri, Nashrul Fazli Mohd Nasir, Prabu Mohandas, Jerline Sheeba Anni y Muhammad Mokhzaini Azizan. "Multistage Optimization Using a Modified Gaussian Mixture Model in Sperm Motility Tracking". Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2021 (29 de agosto de 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6953593.
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Infertility is a condition whereby pregnancy does not occur despite having unprotected sexual intercourse for at least one year. The main reason could originate from either the male or the female, and sometimes, both contribute to the fertility disorder. For the male, sperm disorder was found to be the most common reason for infertility. In this paper, we proposed male infertility analysis based on automated sperm motility tracking. The proposed method worked in multistages, where the first stage focused on the sperm detection process using an improved Gaussian Mixture Model. A new optimization protocol was proposed to accurately detect the motile sperms prior to the sperm tracking process. Since the optimization protocol was imposed in the proposed system, the sperm tracking and velocity estimation processes are improved. The proposed method attained the highest average accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 92.3%, 96.3%, and 72.4%, respectively, when tested on 10 different samples. Our proposed method depicted better sperm detection quality when qualitatively observed as compared to other state-of-the-art techniques.
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Dama, Madhukar Shivajirao y M. Narayana Bhat. "Mobile phones affect multiple sperm quality traits: a meta-analysis". F1000Research 2 (12 de febrero de 2013): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.2-40.v1.
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As mobile phone usage is growing rapidly, there is a need for a comprehensive analysis of the literature to inform scientific debates about the adverse effects of mobile phone radiation on sperm quality traits. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of the eligible published research studies on human males of reproductive age. Eleven studies were eligible for this analysis. Based on the meta-analysis, mobile phone use was significantly associated with deterioration in semen quality (Hedges’s g = -0.547; 95% CI: -0.713, -0.382; p < 0.001). The traits particularly affected adversely were sperm concentration, sperm morphology, sperm motility, proportion of non-progressive motile sperm (%), proportion of slow progressive motile sperm (%), and sperm viability. Direct exposure of spermatozoa to mobile phone radiation with in vitro study designs also significantly deteriorated the sperm quality (Hedges’s g = -2.233; 95% CI: -2.758, -1.708; p < 0.001), by reducing straight line velocity, fast progressive motility, Hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) test score, major axis (µm), minor axis (µm), total sperm motility, perimeter (µm), area (µm2), average path velocity, curvilinear velocity, motile spermatozoa, and acrosome reacted spermatozoa (%). The strength of evidence for the different outcomes varied from very low to very high. The analysis shows that mobile phone use is possibly associated with a number of deleterious effects on the spermatozoa.
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Smith, Chad C. "Opposing effects of sperm viability and velocity on the outcome of sperm competition". Behavioral Ecology 23, n.º 4 (6 de abril de 2012): 820–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/ars036.
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Boschetto, Chiara, Clelia Gasparini y Andrea Pilastro. "Sperm number and velocity affect sperm competition success in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 65, n.º 4 (22 de octubre de 2010): 813–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-010-1085-y.
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Aparicio, I. M., M. J. Bragado, M. C. Gil, M. Garcia-Herreros, L. Gonzalez-Fernandez, J. A. Tapia y L. J. Garcia-Marin. "Porcine sperm motility is regulated by serine phosphorylation of the glycogen synthase kinase-3α". Reproduction 134, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2007): 435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-06-0388.
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Sperm functions are critically controlled through the phosphorylation state of specific proteins. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) is a serine/threonine kinase with two different isoforms (α and β), the enzyme activity of which is inhibited by serine phosphorylation. Recent studies suggest that GSK3 is involved in the control of bovine sperm motility. Our aim was to investigate whether GSK3 is present in porcine spermatozoa and its role in the function of these cells. This work shows that both isoforms of GSK3 are present in whole cell lysates of porcine sperm and are phosphorylated on serine in spermatozoa stimulated with the cAMP analog, 8Br-cAMP. A parallel increase in serine phosphorylation of the isoform GSK3α, but not in the isoform GSK3β, is observed after treatments that also induce a significant increase in porcine sperm velocity parameters. Therefore, a significant positive correlation among straight-line velocity, circular velocity, average velocity, rapid-speed spermatozoa, and GSK3α serine phosphorylation levels exists. Inhibition of GSK3 activity by alsterpaullone leads to a significant increase in the percentage of rapid- and medium-speed spermatozoa as well as in all sperm velocity parameters and coefficients. Moreover, pretreatment of porcine spermatozoa with alsterpaullone significantly increased the percentage of capacitated porcine spermatozoa and presents no effect in the number of acrosome-reacted porcine spermatozoa. Our work suggests that the isoform GSK3α plays a negative role in the regulation of porcine sperm motility and points out the possibility that sperm motile quality might be modulated according the activity state of GSK3α.
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Gasparini, Clelia, Gabriele Andreatta y Andrea Pilastro. "Ovarian fluid of receptive females enhances sperm velocity". Naturwissenschaften 99, n.º 5 (20 de marzo de 2012): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-012-0908-2.
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Christensen, Jennie R., Bruce D. Pauli, John S. Richardson, Christine A. Bishop y John Elliott. "Effects of pH and dilution on African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) sperm motility". Canadian Journal of Zoology 82, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2004): 555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z04-021.
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Effects of pH and dilution on sperm motility were examined using the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis (Daudin, 1802), as a model species. Sperm removed from adult X. laevis males were stored on ice in DeBoer's solution, rendering them immotile until activation by dilution. A series of pHs ranging from 5.5 to 7.8 and a dilution series ranging from 1:1 to 5:1 (diluent : sperm solution) were examined. Motility was assessed by constructing sperm track maps for individual spermatozoa using video recordings. pH did not significantly affect the percentage of spermatozoa with motility; however, pH 7.0 produced observably higher motility than other pH treatments. Velocities and velocity ratios were not significantly affected by the various pH treatments. A solution with a 3:1 dilution ratio resulted in the highest percentage of sperm with motility (55.3 ± 8.5%) and the highest curvilinear velocity (approximately 65 µm/s). Average path velocity, as well as the linearity and wobble of the sperm track, were also significantly affected by dilution. The results indicate that the chemistry of the freshwater environment in which X. laevis sperm must swim to the eggs may be important for successful fertilization to take place.
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Rocha, Nathalia Alcântara, Gabriel Marra Schade, Álvaro de Miranda Alves, Claudia de Souza Silva, Jacqueline Megumi Nakirimoto, Liura Sanchez Lauri, Lucca Gobatto Campos et al. "Acute exposure to hyperosmotic conditions reduces sperm activation by urine in the yellowtail tetra Astyanax altiparanae, a freshwater teleost fish". Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 57, n.º 3 (7 de octubre de 2020): e166205. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2020.166205.
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In freshwater fish with external fertilization, sperm sampling can be contaminated with urine, which triggers motility and gives rise to decreased fertilization success. The maintenance of freshwater fish in hyperosmotic conditions may reduce urine production and improve sperm quality. Thus, the aim of this work was to verify if acute exposure to various NaCl concentrations improves sperm quality in the yellowtail tetra Astyanax altiparanae. Spermiation was induced using a single dose of carp pituitary gland (5 mg kg-1) and the males were maintained at various NaCl concentrations: NaCl 0.00% (control), NaCl 0.45% (hypoosmotic), NaCl 0.9% (isosmotic) and NaCl 1.0% (hyperosmotic) for 6 h at 26 °C. Sperm was collected and verified for activation by urine and motility traits. At 0.00%, 0.45%, and 0.90%, the sperm was motile just after sampling, indicating activation by urine. Surprisingly, at hyperosmotic conditions, no activation was observed. Other sperm and motility parameters did not show any statistical differences, including sperm viability (P = 0.7083), concentration (P = 0.9030), total motility (P = 0.6149), VCL (curvilinear velocity; P = 0.1216), VAP (average path velocity; P = 0.1231) and VSL (straight-line velocity; P = 0.1340). Our results indicate that acute maintenance at hyperosmotic conditions eliminates sperm activation by urine and maintains sperm quality. Such a new procedure is interesting for both basic and applied sciences, including reproductive practice in fish.
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Ramón, M., M. Iniesta-Cuerda, A. Martín-Maestro, P. Peris-Frau, I. Sánchez-Ajofrín, M. R. Fernández-Santos, J. Garde y A. J. Soler. "144 Dynamic of Sperm Subpopulations in Red Deer Capacitated Samples". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 30, n.º 1 (2018): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv30n1ab144.
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An ejaculate is a mixture of sperm subpopulations (SP) with varying motility characteristics. Moreover, males with high percentages of fast and linear-moving sperm have high rates of fertility (Ramón et al. 2003 Biol. Reprod. 89, 110). The objective was to assess dynamics, over time, of SP of capacitated red deer sperm. Thawed sperm were selected with 45/90% Percoll, diluted at 10 × 106 sperm mL−1 in SOF plus 10% oestrous sheep serum and incubated for 2 h at 38.5°C under 5% CO2. Sperm motility was assessed by computer-assisted semen analysis at 1, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 120 min and 24 h. Sperm were classified as described previously (Martínez-Pastor et al. 2005 Biol. Reprod. 72, 316-327) and the evolution of SP during capacitation was characterised with piece-wise regression that identified change points. Five sperm SP were identified based on velocity according to an actual path (VCL), velocity according to a straight path (VSL), velocity according to the average, smoothed path (VAP), linearity (LIN), straightness (STR), wobble (WOB), amplitude of lateral displacement of sperm head (ALH), and frequency of the flagellar beat (BCF). Sperm in SP1 were fast, linear sperm with high ALH; they corresponded to capacitated sperm. In contrast, SP5 were slow, non-linear sperm, with low ALH (Table 1). The dynamics of each SP differed over time was different along the time. Percentages of SP1, SP4, and SP3 were significantly decreased at 60, 90, and 100 min, whereas percentages of SP2 and SP5 did not change over time. This study was consistent with previous reports that kinematic sperm characteristics change over time. Table 1.Sperm subpopulations (SP) based on kinematic end points.
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Viveiros, Ana T. M. y Marcelo C. Leal. "Sperm dilution ratio affects post-thaw motility rate and velocity of Prochilodus lineatus (Characiformes) sperm". Zygote 24, n.º 5 (18 de diciembre de 2015): 662–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199415000635.
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SummaryThere is a lack of standardization in sperm cryopreservation of aquatic organisms and, thus, a necessity of more accurate investigations in all steps of this process. In this study, the effects of sperm dilution ratio on post-thaw sperm quality of Prochilodus lineatus were evaluated. Sperm was diluted in a standard freezing medium (glucose and methyl glycol) at four different ratios (sperm to final volume = 1:5, 1:10, 1:50 or 1:100), frozen in a nitrogen vapour vessel at –170°C and then stored in liquid nitrogen vessel at –196°C. Post-thaw motility rate and velocities (curvilinear = VCL; average path = VAP; straight line = VSL) were determined using a Computer-Assisted Sperm Analyzer (CASA) at 10 and 40 s post-activation. The highest motility rates were observed when sperm was frozen at a ratio of 1:5 (76%) and 1:10 (75%). The highest VCL (225 μm/s) and VAP (203 μm/s) were observed at a ratio of 1:10, while VSL was similar among samples frozen at 1:5, 1:10 and 1:50 (97–124 μm/s). When those parameters were evaluated again 30 s later, motility decreased significantly in samples frozen at a ratio of 1:5 (57%) and 1:10 (61%), while velocities decreased significantly in all samples regardless of dilution ratio (75–85 μm/s of VCL, 38–53 μm/s of VAP and 25–39 μm/s of VSL). P. lineatus sperm should be frozen at a ratio of 1:10, where both the number of loaded sperm per straw and the post-thaw quality are maximized.
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Diemer, Jorin, Jens Hahn, Björn Goldenbogen, Karin Müller y Edda Klipp. "Sperm migration in the genital tract—In silico experiments identify key factors for reproductive success". PLOS Computational Biology 17, n.º 7 (15 de julio de 2021): e1009109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009109.
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Sperm migration in the female genital tract controls sperm selection and, therefore, reproductive success as male gametes are conditioned for fertilization while their number is dramatically reduced. Mechanisms underlying sperm migration are mostly unknown, since in vivo investigations are mostly unfeasible for ethical or practical reasons. By presenting a spatio-temporal model of the mammalian female genital tract combined with agent-based description of sperm motion and interaction as well as parameterizing it with bovine data, we offer an alternative possibility for studying sperm migration in silico. The model incorporates genital tract geometry as well as biophysical principles of sperm motion observed in vitro such as positive rheotaxis and thigmotaxis. This model for sperm migration from vagina to oviducts was successfully tested against in vivo data from literature. We found that physical sperm characteristics such as velocity and directional stability as well as sperm-fluid interactions and wall alignment are critical for success, i.e. sperms reaching the oviducts. Therefore, we propose that these identified sperm parameters should be considered in detail for conditioning sperm in artificial selection procedures since the natural processes are normally bypassed in reproductive in vitro technologies. The tremendous impact of mucus flow to support sperm accumulation in the oviduct highlights the importance of a species-specific optimum time window for artificial insemination regarding ovulation. Predictions from our extendable in silico experimental system will improve assisted reproduction in humans, endangered species, and livestock.
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Lestari, Silvia W., Manggiasih D. Larasati, Indra G. Mansur, Muhammad F. Soelaeman, Favian A. Rahmat, Fira Azzahra y Fariz A. Al-Rasyid. "Sperm Dynein AAA1 and AAA2 Expression in Human Sperm : A Regulation in Sperm Preparation". Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 11, n.º 1 (25 de marzo de 2018): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1349.
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Axoneme structures in sperm tail, is a supramolecular protein complex with motor protein and regulatory which playing a crucial role in determining sperm motility. Dynein, one of the three members of cytoskeletal motor protein, has a ring of six AAA+ which linked together into one large polypeptide that contribute to the formation of sperm flagella bending. The previously research reported that the first two AAA motor domains, AAA1 and AAA2, were a major site in ATP hydrolysis associated with motility in the flagellum. Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) as a management of infertility requires sperm preparation procedures, by Swim-up (SU) and Density Gradient Centrifugation (DGC), in order to enhance the quality regarding concentration and motility of the initial sperm. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the DGC and SU methods in selecting sperm, based the expression of sperm dynein AAA1 and AAA2. Semen samples were obtained from men underwent sperm preparation for IUI and divided into two groups, normozoospermia and asthenozoospermia, according to World Health Organization 2010 guideline. Semen analysis was performed to measure the sperm motility and velocity, before and after sperm preparation. The axoneme was isolated from the obtained samples from SU and DGC methods, while the level of AAA1 and AAA2 was measured by ELISA. This study showed that the percentage of motile sperm and velocity of prepared sperm in both groups in prepared sperm (post-SU and post-DGC) was higher compared to whole semen. The expression of sperm dynein AAA1 of prepared sperm in normozoospermia group showed higher, while in asthenozoospermia group showed lower activities compared to whole semen. The expression of sperm dynein AAA2 of prepared sperm in both groups showed lower activities compared to whole semen. The sperm preparation enhanced the quality of sperm and may increase the expression of sperm dynein AAA1 compared to the whole semen, without the involvement of sperm dynein AAA2.
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Defoin, L., A. Granados, M. Clos y I. Donnay. "93COMPUTER-ASSISTED ANALYSIS OF BOVINE SPERM MOTILITY BEFORE AND AFTER CRYOPRESERVATION". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, n.º 2 (2004): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv16n1ab93.
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Sperm cryopreservation causes various types of damage, including membrane injury, oxidative stress, and loss of the acrosome. In cattle, the mortality rate after sperm cryopreservation reaches roughly 50%, and surviving sperm cells have a lower motility and lower fertility than their fresh counterparts. Large variations are also observed between bulls. The aim of this study was to analyse different motility parameters before and after freezing in order to establish correlations. The final objective is to determine, before freezing, parameters that could predict the characteristics of motility after freezing. A computer-assisted sperm analyser (Hobson Sperm Tracker) was used. We analyzed one ejaculate from 30 different bulls before and after freezing (minimum 300 spermatozoa/analysis). Reliable parameters (<10% variation for the same ejaculate) were then selected and included VCL (curvilinear velocity), VAP (average path velocity), MAD (mean angular head displacement), ALH (amplitude of lateral head displacement), STR (straightness of path), and the percentage of motility (%Mot). Linear regressions were established between those parameters before and after freezing. Results are shown in Table 1. The velocity parameters (VAP, VCL, and STR) of the motile sperm were conserved after freezing. Moreover, ejaculates with a high proportion of motile sperm before freezing have, on average, better values for velocity parameters after freezing, while no correlation was found between the percentage of motile sperm before and after freezing. The only parameter of fresh sperm that seems to be correlated with the proportion of motile sperm cells after freezing is MAD (inverse correlation). This could mean that an ejaculate with a high proportion of spermatozoa showing important lateral displacements of the head is more sensitive to cryopreservation. Similarly, a high MAD before freezing was related to a low velocity after thawing. A high MAD could result from a high proportion of capacitated spermatozoa, which is detrimental to their survival and motility. In conclusion, few parameters related to the motility can predict the proportion of motile sperm after freezing. However, by combining several parameters, it seems possible to predict the characteristics of motility of the sperm. Although further investigations are needed, the present evaluation could be of interest to evaluate the freezability of ejaculates, to understand variations between bulls, or to set up new freezing protocols. Table 1 Coefficients of correlation (r2) before and after freezing, calculated from 30 ejaculates from 30 different bulls
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Aparicio, I. M., M. C. Gil, M. Garcia-Herreros, F. J. Peña y L. J. Garcia-Marin. "Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase modifies boar sperm motion parameters". Reproduction 129, n.º 3 (marzo de 2005): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.00447.
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Motility is the most widely used indicator of sperm quality. Besides modulation by the cAMP pathway little is known regarding the intracellular pathways that regulate boar sperm motility. Recently the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) in the regulation of human sperm motility has been described. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of PI3-K in boar sperm kinematics by using the specific PI3-K inhibitor, LY294002. Boar sperm was incubated up to 1 h in non-capacitating medium in the presence or absence of the cAMP analog, 8Br-cAMP or the PI3-K inhibitor, LY294002 or both. Boar sperm incubated in capacitating medium was treated in the presence or absence of LY294002. First, we have clearly identified that PI3-K is present in whole lysates of boar spermatozoa. Inhibition of PI3-K significantly increased boar sperm straight-line velocity, circular velocity and average velocity without an effect on the percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa in both media. Inhibition of PI3-K induced the same effects on boar sperm velocities as activation of the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway and treatment with the PI3-K inhibitor, LY294002 had neither summatory nor synergic effects on boar sperm motion parameters when treated simultaneously with the cAMP analog 8Br-cAMP. Our data suggest that PI3-K plays a negative role, regulating boar sperm motion parameters through a possible inhibition of the cAMP/PKA activating pathway, and since some Computer Aided Sperm Analysis (CASA)-derived parameters have been related to field fertility our results point to the possibility of modulating sperm motile quality by modifying the PI3-K cellular pathway.
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Millán de la Blanca, María Gemma, Eva Martínez-Nevado, Cristina Castaño, Juncal García, Berenice Bernal, Adolfo Toledano-Díaz, Milagros Cristina Esteso et al. "Sperm Cryopreservation in American Flamingo (Phoenicopterus Ruber): Influence of Cryoprotectants and Seminal Plasma Removal". Animals 11, n.º 1 (15 de enero de 2021): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010203.
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The American flamingo is a useful model for the development of successful semen cryopreservation procedures to be applied to threatened related species from the family Phoenicopteridae, and to permit genetic material banking. Current study sought to develop effective sperm cryopreservation protocols through examining the influences of two permeating cryoprotectants and the seminal plasma removal. During two consecutive years (April), semen samples were collected and frozen from American flamingos. In the first year, the effect of two permeating cryoprotectants, DMA (dimethylacetamide) (6%) or Me2SO (dimethylsulphoxide) (8%), on frozen–thawed sperm variables were compared in 21 males. No differences were seen between DMA and Me2SO for sperm motility, sperm viability, and DNA fragmentation after thawing. In the second year, the role of seminal plasma on sperm cryoresistance was investigated in 31 flamingos. Sperm samples were cryopreserved with and without seminal plasma, using Me2SO (8%) as a cryoprotectant. The results showed that samples with seminal plasma had higher values than samples without seminal plasma for the following sperm variables: Straight line velocity (22.40 µm/s vs. 16.64 µm/s), wobble (75.83% vs. 69.40%), (p < 0.05), linearity (62.73% vs. 52.01%) and straightness (82.38% vs. 73.79%) (p < 0.01); but acrosome integrity was lower (55.56% vs. 66.88%) (p < 0.05). The cryoresistance ratio (CR) was greater in samples frozen with seminal plasma than without seminal plasma for CR-progressive motility (138.72 vs. 54.59), CR-curvilinear velocity (105.98 vs. 89.32), CR-straight line velocity (152.77 vs. 112.58), CR-average path velocity (122.48 vs. 98.12), CR-wobble (111.75 vs. 102.04) (p < 0.05), CR-linearity (139.41 vs. 113.18), and CR-straightness (124.02 vs. 109.97) (p < 0.01). This research demonstrated that there were not differences between Me2SO and DMA to successful freezing sperm of flamingos; seminal plasma removal did not provide a benefit for sperm cryopreservation.
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Contri, Alberto, Daniele Zambelli, Massimo Faustini, Marco Cunto, Alessia Gloria y Augusto Carluccio. "Artificial neural networks for the definition of kinetic subpopulations in electroejaculated and epididymal spermatozoa in the domestic cat". REPRODUCTION 144, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2012): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-12-0125.
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This study was designed for the identification of different sperm kinetic subpopulations in feline semen using artificial neural networks (ANNs) and for the evaluation of the effect of ejaculation on motility patterns of these subpopulations. Seven tomcats presented for routine orchiectomy were electroejaculated, and after 5 days, orchiectomized and epididymal tail sperms were collected. Sperm motility characteristics were evaluated using a computer-assisted sperm analyzer that provided individual kinetic characteristics of each spermatozoon. A total of 23 400 spermatozoa for electroejaculated and 9200 for epididymal tail samples were evaluated using a multivariate approach, comprising principal component analysis and ANN classification. The multivariate approach allowed the identification and characterization of three different and well-defined sperm subpopulations. There were significant differences before (epididymal tail spermatozoa) and after (electroejaculated sperm) ejaculation in sperm kinetic subpopulation characteristics. In both epididymal and ejaculated samples, the majority of subpopulation was characterized by high velocity and progressiveness; however, the electroejaculated samples showed significantly higher values, suggesting that the microenvironment of the epididymal tail could affect the sperm motility or, alternatively, seminal plasma could increase the kinetic characteristics of the spermatozoa, indicating that only after ejaculation, the spermatozoa express their motility potential. Nevertheless, further studies are required to clarify the functional significance of each kinetic subpopulation.
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Tomášek, Oldřich, Jana Albrechtová, Martina Němcová, Pavlína Opatová y Tomáš Albrecht. "Trade-off between carotenoid-based sexual ornamentation and sperm resistance to oxidative challenge". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, n.º 1847 (25 de enero de 2017): 20162444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2444.
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It has been hypothesized that carotenoid-based sexual ornamentation signals male fertility and sperm competitive ability as both ornamentation and sperm traits may be co-affected by oxidative stress, resulting in positive covariation (the ‘redox-based phenotype-linked fertility hypothesis’; redox-based PLFH). On the other hand, the ‘sperm competition theory’ (SCT) predicts a trade-off between precopulatory and postcopulatory traits. Here, we manipulate oxidative status (using diquat dibromide) and carotenoid availability in adult zebra finch ( Taeniopygia guttata ) males in order to test whether carotenoid-based beak ornamentation signals, or is traded off against, sperm resistance to oxidative challenge. Initial beak colouration, but not its change during the experiment, was associated with effect of oxidative challenge on sperm velocity, such that more intense colouration predicted an increase in sperm velocity under control conditions but a decline under oxidative challenge. This suggests a long-term trade-off between ornament expression and sperm resistance to oxidative challenge. Shortening of the sperm midpiece following oxidative challenge further suggests that redox homeostasis may constrain sperm morphometry. Carotenoid supplementation resulted in fewer sperm abnormalities but had no effect on other sperm traits. Overall, our data challenge the redox-based PLFH, partially support the SCT and highlight the importance of carotenoids for normal sperm morphology.