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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Spinory"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 1 de febrero de 2022

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1

Rogerio, R. J. Bueno. "From dipole spinors to a new class of mass dimension one fermions". Modern Physics Letters A 35, n.º 39 (30 de octubre de 2020): 2050319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732320503198.

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In this paper, we investigate a quite recent new class of spin one-half fermions, namely Ahluwalia class-7 spinors, endowed with mass dimensionality 1 rather than 3/2, being candidates to describe dark matter. Such spinors, under the Dirac adjoint structure, belongs to the Lounesto’s class-6, namely, dipole spinors. Up to our knowledge, dipole spinor fields have Weyl spinor fields as their most known representative, nonetheless, here we explore the dark counterpart of the dipole spinors, which represents eigenspinors of the chirality operator.

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2

POLYAKOV, DIMITRI. "NEW BRST CHARGES IN RNS SUPERSTRING THEORY AND DEFORMED PURE SPINORS". International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, n.º 32 (30 de diciembre de 2009): 6177–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x09047600.

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We show that new BRST charges in RNS superstring theory with nonstandard ghost numbers, constructed in our recent work, can be mapped to deformed pure spinor (PS) superstring theories, with the nilpotent pure spinor BRST charge QPS = ∮λαdα still retaining its form but with singular operator products between commuting spinor variables λα. Despite the OPE singularities, the pure spinor condition λγmλ = 0 is still fulfilled in a weak sense, explained in the paper. The operator product singularities correspond to introducing interactions between the pure spinors. We conjecture that the leading singularity orders of the OPE between two interacting pure spinors is related to the ghost number of the corresponding BRST operator in RNS formalism. Namely, it is conjectured that the BRST operators of minimal superconformal ghost pictures n > 0 can be mapped to nilpotent BRST operators in the deformed pure spinor formalism with the OPE of two commuting spinors having a leading singularity order λ(z)λ(w) ~ O(z-w)-2(n2+6n+1). The conjecture is checked explicitly for the first nontrivial case n = 1.

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3

Hong, In Ki, Choong Sun Kim y Gyung Hyun Min. "Curvature Spinors in Locally Inertial Frame and the Relations with Sedenion". Universe 6, n.º 3 (6 de marzo de 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe6030040.

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In the 2-spinor formalism, the gravity can be dealt with curvature spinors with four spinor indices. Here we show a new effective method to express the components of curvature spinors in the rank-2 4 × 4 tensor representation for the gravity in a locally inertial frame. In the process we have developed a few manipulating techniques, through which the roles of each component of Riemann curvature tensor are revealed. We define a new algebra ‘sedon’, the structure of which is almost the same as sedenion except for the basis multiplication rule. Finally we also show that curvature spinors can be represented in the sedon form and observe the chiral structure in curvature spinors. A few applications of the sedon representation, which includes the quaternion form of differential Binanchi identity and hand-in-hand couplings of curvature spinors, are also presented.

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4

HOROWITZ, G. "Spinor Calculus: Spinors and Space-Time." Science 228, n.º 4706 (21 de junio de 1985): 1422–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.228.4706.1422.

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5

Scharnhorst, Klaus. "Entanglement capabilities of the spin representation of (3+1)D-conformal transformations". Quantum Information and Computation 13, n.º 11&12 (noviembre de 2013): 925–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic13.11-12-2.

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Relying on a mathematical analogy of the pure states of the two-qubit system of quantum information theory with four-component spinors we introduce the concept of the intrinsic entanglement of spinors. To explore its physical sense we study the entanglement capabilities of the spin representation of (pseudo-) conformal transformations in (3+1)-dimensional Minkowski space-time. We find that only those tensor product structures can sensibly be introduced in spinor space for which a given spinor is not entangled.

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6

CANARUTTO, DANIEL. "FERMI TRANSPORT OF SPINORS AND FREE QED STATES IN CURVED SPACETIME". International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 06, n.º 05 (agosto de 2009): 805–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887809003801.

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Fermi transport of spinors can be precisely understood in terms of two-spinor geometry. By using a partly original, previously developed treatment of two-spinors and classical fields, we describe the family of all transports, along a given one-dimensional timelike submanifold of spacetime, which yield the standard Fermi transport of vectors. Moreover, we show that this family has a distinguished member, whose relation to the Fermi transport of vectors is similar to the relation between the spinor connection and spacetime connection. Various properties of the Fermi transport of spinors are discussed, and applied to the construction of free electron states for a detector-dependent QED formalism introduced in a previous paper.

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7

Helfer, A. D. "Spinor Lie derivatives and Fermion stress–energies". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 472, n.º 2186 (febrero de 2016): 20150757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2015.0757.

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Stress–energies for Fermi fields are derived from the principle of general covariance. This is done by developing a notion of Lie derivatives of spinors along arbitrary vector fields. A substantial theory of such derivatives was first introduced by Kosmann; here, I show how an apparent conflict in the literature on this is due to a difference in the definitions of spinors, and that tracking the Lie derivative of the Infeld–van der Waerden symbol, as well as the spinor fields under consideration, gives a fuller picture of the geometry and leads to the Fermion stress–energy. The differences in the definitions of spinors do not affect the results here, but could matter in certain quantum-gravity programs and for spinor transformations under discrete symmetries.

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8

NICOLAIDIS, A. y V. KIOSSES. "SPINOR GEOMETRY". International Journal of Modern Physics A 27, n.º 22 (30 de agosto de 2012): 1250126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x12501266.

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It has been proposed that quantum mechanics and string theory share a common inner syntax, the relational logic of C. S. Peirce. Along this line of thought we consider the relations represented by spinors. Spinor composition leads to the emergence of Minkowski space–time. Inversely, the Minkowski space–time is istantiated by the Weyl spinors, while the merger of two Weyl spinors gives rise to a Dirac spinor. Our analysis is applied also to the string geometry. The string constraints are represented by real spinors, which create a parametrization of the string worldsheet identical to the Enneper–Weierstass representation of minimal surfaces. Further, a spinorial study of the AdS3 space–time reveals a Hopf fibration AdS3 → AdS2. The conformal symmetry inherent in AdS3 is pointed out. Our work indicates the hidden ties between logic-quantum mechanics-string theory-geometry and vindicates the Wheeler's proposal of pregeometry as a large network of logical propositions.

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9

Eri̇şi̇r, Tülay y Mehmet Ali̇ Güngör. "On Fibonacci spinors". International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 17, n.º 04 (marzo de 2020): 2050065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887820500656.

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Spinors are used in physics quite extensively. Basically, the forms of use include Dirac four-spinors, Pauli three-spinors and quaternions. Quaternions in mathematics are essentially equivalent to Pauli spin matrices which can be generated by regarding a quaternion matrix as compound. The goal of this study is also the spinor structure lying in the basis of the quaternion algebra. In this paper, first, we have introduced spinors mathematically. Then, we have defined Fibonacci spinors using the Fibonacci quaternions. Later, we have established the structure of algebra for these spinors. Finally, we have proved some important formulas such as Binet and Cassini formulas which are given for some series of numbers in mathematics for Fibonacci spinors.

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10

HORTAÇSU, M. y B. C. LÜTFÜOḠLU. "A MODEL WITH INTERACTING COMPOSITES". Modern Physics Letters A 21, n.º 08 (14 de marzo de 2006): 653–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732306019116.

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We show that it is possible to construct a model in (3 + 1) dimensions where only composite scalars take place in physical processes as incoming and outgoing particles, whereas constituent spinors only act as intermediary particles. Hence while the spinor–spinor scattering goes to zero, the scattering of composites give nontrivial results.

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11

Cavalcanti, R. T. "Classification of singular spinor fields and other mass dimension one fermions". International Journal of Modern Physics D 23, n.º 14 (diciembre de 2014): 1444002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271814440027.

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In this paper, we investigate the constraint equations of the Lounesto spinor fields classification and show that it can be used to completely characterize all the singular classes, which can potentially accommodate further mass dimension one fermions, beyond the well known Elko spinor fields. This result can be useful for two purposes: Besides a great abridgement in the classification of a given spinor field, we provide a general form of each class of spinor fields, which can be used furthermore to search for a general classification of spinors dynamics.

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12

Bakhshi, Zahra. "Spinors and Rodrigues Representations Associated with Orthogonal Polynomials". Advances in High Energy Physics 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6405784.

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An effective approach is presented to produce Schrödinger-like equation for the spinor components from Dirac equation. Considering electrostatic potential as a constant value yields a second-order differential equation that is comparable with the well-known solvable models in the nonrelativistic quantum mechanics for the certain bound state energy spectrum and the well-known potentials. By this comparison, the gauge field potential and the relativistic energy can be written by the nonrelativistic models and the spinors will be related to the orthogonal polynomials. It has also shown that the upper spinors wave functions based on the orthogonal polynomials can be given in terms of the Rodrigues representations. Association with the Rodrigues representations of orthogonal polynomials has also been investigated in the lower spinor components, since they are related to the upper spinor components according to first-order differential equation that is attained from Dirac equation.

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13

HORTAÇSU, M. y F. TAŞKIN. "ANOTHER MODEL WITH INTERACTING COMPOSITES". International Journal of Modern Physics A 22, n.º 01 (10 de enero de 2007): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x0703412x.

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We show that we can construct a model in 3+1 dimensions where it is necessary that composite vector particles take place in physical processes as incoming and outgoing particles. Cross-section of the processes in which only the constituent spinors take place goes to zero. While the spinor–spinor scattering goes to zero, the scattering of composites gives nontrivial results.

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14

CANARUTTO, DANIEL. ""MINIMAL GEOMETRIC DATA" APPROACH TO DIRAC ALGEBRA, SPINOR GROUPS AND FIELD THEORIES". International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 04, n.º 06 (septiembre de 2007): 1005–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887807002417.

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The first three sections contain an updated, not-so-short account of a partly original approach to spinor geometry and field theories introduced by Jadczyk and myself [3–5]; it is based on an intrinsic treatment of 2-spinor geometry in which the needed background structures do not need to be assumed, but rather arise naturally from a unique geometric datum: a vector bundle with complex 2-dimensional fibers over a real 4-dimensional manifold. The following two sections deal with Dirac algebra and 4-spinor groups in terms of two spinors, showing various aspects of spinor geometry from a different perspective. The last section examines particle momenta in 2-spinor terms and the bundle structure of 4-spinor space over momentum space.

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15

COHEN, MARCUS. "INERTIAL MASS FROM SPIN NONLINEARITY". International Journal of Modern Physics D 07, n.º 05 (octubre de 1998): 663–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271898000450.

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The inertial mass of a Fermion shows up as chiral cross-coupling in its Dirac system. No scalar term can invariantly couple left and right chirality fields; the Dirac matrices must be spin tensors of mixed chirality. We show how such tensor couplings could arise from nonlinear mixing of four spinor fields, two representing the local electron fields and two inertial spinor fields sourced in the distant masses. We thus give a model that implements Mach's principle. Following Mendel Sachs,1 we let the inertial spinors factor the moving spacetime tetrads qα(x) and [Formula: see text] that appear in the Dirac operator. The inertial spinors do more than set the spacetime "stage;" they are players in the chiral dynamics. Specifically, we show how the massive Dirac system arises as the envelope modulation equations coupling left and right chirality electron fields on a Friedmann universe via nonlinear "spin gratings" with the inertial spinor fields. These gratings implement Penrose's "mass-scatterings," which keep the null zig-zags of the bispinor wave function confined to a timelike world tube. Local perturbations to the inertial spinor fields appear in the Dirac system as Abelian and non-Abelian vector potentials.

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16

Villalobos, C. H. Coronado, R. J. Bueno Rogerio y A. R. Aguirre. "Spinorial structures, discrete symmetries and some consequences". Modern Physics Letters A 36, n.º 18 (14 de junio de 2021): 2150129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732321501297.

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In this paper, we discuss fundamental aspects related to the helicity and dynamics of the spin-1/2 fermions encompassed within the very well-known Lounesto’s classification. More specifically, we investigate how the bi-spinorial structures behave under discrete symmetries, as well as analyze some consequences on the spinors dynamics. In addition, we find an interesting relation between the spinor helicity and the Lounesto spinor classification.

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17

Coddens, Gerrit. "The Geometrical Meaning of Spinors Lights the Way to Make Sense of Quantum Mechanics". Symmetry 13, n.º 4 (12 de abril de 2021): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13040659.

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This paper aims at explaining that a key to understanding quantum mechanics (QM) is a perfect geometrical understanding of the spinor algebra that is used in its formulation. Spinors occur naturally in the representation theory of certain symmetry groups. The spinors that are relevant for QM are those of the homogeneous Lorentz group SO(3,1) in Minkowski space-time R4 and its subgroup SO(3) of the rotations of three-dimensional Euclidean space R3. In the three-dimensional rotation group, the spinors occur within its representation SU(2). We will provide the reader with a perfect intuitive insight about what is going on behind the scenes of the spinor algebra. We will then use the understanding that is acquired to derive the free-space Dirac equation from scratch, proving that it is a description of a statistical ensemble of spinning electrons in uniform motion, completely in the spirit of Ballentine’s statistical interpretation of QM. This is a mathematically rigorous proof. Developing this further, we allow for the presence of an electromagnetic field. We can consider the result as a reconstruction of QM based on the geometrical understanding of the spinor algebra. By discussing a number of problems in the interpretation of the conventional approach, we illustrate how this new approach leads to a better understanding of QM.

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18

Rodrigues, Waldyr A. "Algebraic and Dirac–Hestenes spinors and spinor fields". Journal of Mathematical Physics 45, n.º 7 (julio de 2004): 2908–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1757037.

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19

Dargys, Adolfas. "Majorana spinor from the point of view of geometric algebra". Lithuanian Journal of Physics 57, n.º 1 (21 de abril de 2017): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3952/physics.v57i1.3451.

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Majorana spinors are constructed in terms of the multivectors of relativistic Cl1,3 algebra. Such spinors are found to be multiplied by primitive idempotents which drastically change spinor properties. Running electronic waves are used to solve the real Dirac–Majorana equation transformed to Cl1,3 algebra. From the analysis of the solution it is concluded that free Majorana particles do not exist, because relativistic Cl1,3 algebra requires the massive Majorana particle to move with light velocity.

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20

Cullen, G., M. Koch-Janusz y T. Reiter. "spinney: A Form library for helicity spinors". Computer Physics Communications 182, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2011): 2368–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2011.06.007.

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21

NAKAD, ROGER. "THE ENERGY-MOMENTUM TENSOR ON Spinc MANIFOLDS". International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 08, n.º 02 (marzo de 2011): 345–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887811005178.

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On Spinc manifolds, we study the Energy-Momentum tensor associated with a spinor field. First, we give a spinorial Gauss type formula for oriented hypersurfaces of a Spinc manifold. Using the notion of generalized cylinders, we derive the variational formula for the Dirac operator under metric deformation and point out that the Energy-Momentum tensor appears naturally as the second fundamental form of an isometric immersion. Finally, we show that generalized Spinc Killing spinors for Codazzi Energy-Momentum tensor are restrictions of parallel spinors.

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22

GU, YING-QIU. "A COSMOLOGICAL MODEL WITH DARK SPINOR SOURCE". International Journal of Modern Physics A 22, n.º 25 (10 de octubre de 2007): 4667–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x07037925.

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In this paper, we discuss the system of Friedman–Robertson–Walker (FRW) metric coupling with massive nonlinear dark spinors in detail, where the thermodynamic movement of spinors is also taken into account. The results show that, the nonlinear potential of the spinor field can provide a tiny negative pressure, which resists the universe to become singular. The solution is oscillating in time and closed in space, which approximately takes the form: [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text] light year, and δ = 0.96 ~ 0.99. The present time is about t ~ 18°.

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23

Canarutto, Daniel. "A first-order Lagrangian theory of fields with arbitrary spin". International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 15, n.º 06 (8 de mayo de 2018): 1850088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887818500883.

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The bundles suitable for a description of higher-spin fields can be built in terms of a 2-spinor bundle as the basic “building block”. This allows a clear, direct view of geometric constructions aimed at a theory of such fields on a curved spacetime. In particular, one recovers the Bargmann–Wigner equations and the [Formula: see text]-dimensional representation of the angular-momentum algebra needed for the Joos–Weinberg equations. Looking for a first-order Lagrangian field theory we argue, through considerations related to the 2-spinor description of the Dirac map, that the needed bundle must be a fibered direct sum of a symmetric “main sector” — carrying an irreducible representation of the angular-momentum algebra — and an induced sequence of “ghost sectors”. Then one indeed gets a Lagrangian field theory that, at least formally, can be expressed in a way similar to the Dirac theory. In flat spacetime, one gets plane-wave solutions that are characterized by their values in the main sector. Besides symmetric spinors, the above procedures can be adapted to anti-symmetric spinors and to Hermitian spinors (the latter describing integer-spin fields). Through natural decompositions, the case of a spin-2 field describing a possible deformation of the spacetime metric can be treated in terms of the previous results.

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24

Deguchi, Shinichi, Shouma Negishi, Satoshi Okano y Takafumi Suzuki. "Canonical formalism and quantization of a massless spinning bosonic particle in four dimensions". International Journal of Modern Physics A 29, n.º 08 (24 de marzo de 2014): 1450044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x14500444.

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A twistor model of a free massless spinning particle in four-dimensional Minkowski space is studied in terms of space–time and spinor variables. This model is specified by a simple action, referred to here as the gauged Shirafuji action, that consists of twistor variables and gauge fields on the one-dimensional parameter space. We consider the canonical formalism of the model by following the Dirac formulation for constrained Hamiltonian systems. In the subsequent quantization procedure, we obtain a plane-wave solution with momentum spinors. From this solution and coefficient functions, we construct positive-frequency and negative-frequency spinor wave functions defined on complexified Minkowski space. It is shown that the Fourier–Laplace transforms of the coefficient functions lead to the spinor wave functions expressed as the Penrose transforms of the corresponding holomorphic functions on twistor space. We also consider the exponential generating function for the spinor wave functions and derive a novel representation for each of the spinor wave functions.

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25

POLYAKOV, DIMITRI. "(NON)TRIVIALITY OF PURE SPINORS AND EXACT PURE SPINOR–RNS MAP". International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, n.º 14 (10 de junio de 2009): 2677–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x09043250.

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All the BRST-invariant operators in pure spinor formalism in d = 10 can be represented as BRST commutators, such as [Formula: see text] where λ+ is the U(5) component of the pure spinor transforming as [Formula: see text]. Therefore, in order to secure nontriviality of BRST cohomology in pure spinor string theory, one has to introduce "small Hilbert space" and "small operator algebra" for pure spinors, analogous to those existing in RNS formalism. As any invariant vertex operator in RNS string theory can also represented as a commutator V = {Q brst , LV} where L = -4c∂ξξe-2ϕ, we show that mapping [Formula: see text] to L leads to identification of the pure spinor variable λα in terms of RNS variables without any additional nonminimal fields. We construct the RNS operator satisfying all the properties of λα and show that the pure spinor BRST operator ∮λαdα is mapped (up to similarity transformation) to the BRST operator of RNS theory under such a construction.

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26

PILOT, CHRISTOPHER y SUBHASH RAJPOOT. "THE CONSTRUCTION OF LEFT- AND RIGHT-HANDED CHIRAL SUPERFIELDS IN (1, ½) + (½, 1) SUPERSYMMETRY". International Journal of Modern Physics A 06, n.º 01 (10 de enero de 1991): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x91000113.

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We work out the spinor covariant derivative operators needed to construct left- and right-handed chiral superfields in a (1, ½) + (½, 1) supersymmetry. Also, we present a general method by which the completeness relation can be used to derive arbitrary identities for higher spin spinors, such as fermionic generators, coordinates, fields, etc.

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27

GINOUX, NICOLAS y BERTRAND MOREL. "ON EIGENVALUE ESTIMATES FOR THE SUBMANIFOLD DIRAC OPERATOR". International Journal of Mathematics 13, n.º 05 (julio de 2002): 533–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129167x0200140x.

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We give lower bounds for the eigenvalues of the submanifold Dirac operator in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic curvature expressions. We also show that the limiting cases give rise to a class of spinor fields generalizing that of Killing spinors. We conclude by translating these results in terms of intrinsic twisted Dirac operators.

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28

Sanchez, E. y M. Moreno. "Projective method for spinorial techniques: Unifying calculational schemes of Dirac amplitudes". Revista Mexicana de Física 65, n.º 6 Nov-Dec (31 de octubre de 2019): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.31349/revmexfis.65.639.

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There have been numerous approaches to the calculation of spin dependent amplitudes for Dirac particles. All of them have their own advantages, particularly, the standard method of calculation, based on the multiplication by the unit, has a few shortcomings. In this work we use the closure property of the Dirac spinors to present a general method for the amplitude computation. It is shown that the massless spinor method and the helicity spinor method can be formulated through this method. Finally, we get an example of this calculation procedure computing the spin dependentamplitude for the Compton process.

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29

AHLUWALIA, D. V. "THEORY OF NEUTRAL PARTICLES: MCLENNAN-CASE CONSTRUCT FOR NEUTRINO, ITS GENERALIZATION, AND A NEW WAVE EQUATION". International Journal of Modern Physics A 11, n.º 10 (20 de abril de 1996): 1855–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x96000973.

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Continuing our recent argument where we constructed a FNBWW type spin-1 boson having opposite relative intrinsic parity to that of the associated antiparticle, we now study eigenstates of the charge conjugation operator. Based on the observation that if ϕL(pμ) transforms as a (0, j) spinor under Lorentz boosts, then [Formula: see text] transforms as a (j, 0) spinor [with a similar relationship existing between ϕR(pμ) and [Formula: see text] where w ith Θ[j] the well-known Wigner matrix involved in the operation of time reversal] we introduce McLennan-Case type (j, 0)⊗(0, j) spinors. Relative phases between ϕR(pμ) and [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and ϕL(pμ), turn out to have physical significance and are fixed by appropriate requirements. An explicit construction, and a series of physically relevant properties, for these spinors are obtained for spin-1/2 and spin-1 culminating in the construction of a new wave equation and the introduction of Dirac-like and Majorana-like quantum fields.

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30

Dūdėnas, Vytautas y Thomas Gajdosik. "Feynman rules for Weyl spinors with mixed Dirac and Majorana mass terms". Lithuanian Journal of Physics 56, n.º 3 (17 de octubre de 2016): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3952/physics.v56i3.3364.

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We present a basic formalism for using the Weyl spinor notation in Feynman rules. We focus on Weyl spinors with mixed Dirac and Majorana mass terms. To clarify the definitions we derive the Feynman rules from the path integral and present two examples: loop corrections for a fermion propagator and a tree level analysis of a seesaw toy model.

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31

Hoff da Silva, J. M. y R. T. Cavalcanti. "Revealing how different spinors can be: The Lounesto spinor classification". Modern Physics Letters A 32, n.º 35 (5 de noviembre de 2017): 1730032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732317300324.

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This paper aims to give a coordinate-based introduction to the so-called Lounesto spinorial classification scheme. Among other results, it has evinced classes of spinors which fail to satisfy Dirac equation. The underlying idea and the central aspects of such spinorial categorization are introduced in an argumentative basis, after which we delve into a commented account on recent results obtained from (and within) this branch of research.

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32

REUTER, M. "METAPLECTIC SPINOR FIELDS AND GLOBAL ANOMALIES". International Journal of Modern Physics A 10, n.º 01 (10 de enero de 1995): 65–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x95000036.

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We investigate spinor fields on phase spaces. Under local frame rotations they transform according to the (infinite-dimensional, unitary) metaplectic representation of Sp(2N), which plays a role analogous to the Lorentz group. We introduce a one-dimensional nonlinear sigma model whose target space is the phase space under consideration. The global anomalies of this model are analyzed, and it is shown that its fermionic partition function is anomalous exactly if the underlying phase space is not a spin manifold, i.e. if metaplectic spinor fields cannot be introduced consistently. The sigma model is constructed by giving a path integral representation to the Lie transport of spinors along the Hamiltonian flow.

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33

PERJÉS, ZOLTÁN. "PARAMETRIC SPINOR APPROACH TO GRAVITY". Modern Physics Letters A 08, n.º 21 (10 de julio de 1993): 1969–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732393001689.

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It is shown that the gravitational field in general relativity has the properties of a parametric manifold, a mathematical structure generalizing the concept of gauge fields. A theory of parametric spinors is developed which contains, as a limiting case, spinor fields of unitary groups in Riemannian manifolds. Transition from the familiar [Formula: see text] spinor formalism to the parametric picture makes it possible to obtain a reparametrization-invariant decomposition of the gravitational equations with respect to a non-null congruence. This new formulation of the relativistic field equations appears to be amenable to canonical quantization, and provides more versatility in the treatment of phase-space variables.

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34

Zhao, Chen, Ying Huang, Chao Guo, Bolei Yang, Yan Zhang, Zhou Lan, Xiong Guan, Yuan Song y Xiaolin Zhang. "Heterologous Expression of Spinosyn Biosynthetic Gene Cluster in Streptomyces Species Is Dependent on the Expression of Rhamnose Biosynthesis Genes". Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology 27, n.º 3 (2017): 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000477543.

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Spinosyns are a group of macrolide insecticides produced by <i>Saccharopolyspora spinosa</i>. Although <i>S. spinosa</i> can be used for industrial-scale production of spinosyns, this might suffer from several limitations, mainly related to its long growth cycle, low fermentation biomass, and inefficient utilization of starch. It is crucial to generate a robust strain for further spinosyn production and the development of spinosyn derivatives. A BAC vector, containing the whole biosynthetic gene cluster for spinosyn (74 kb) and the elements required for conjugal transfer and site-specific integration, was introduced into different <i>Streptomyces</i> hosts in order to obtain heterologous spinosyn-producing strains. The exconjugants of different <i>Streptomyces</i> strains did not show spinosyn production unless the rhamnose biosynthesis genes from <i>S. spinosa</i> genomic DNA were present and expressed under the control of a strong constitutive <i>ermE</i>*<i>p</i> promoter. Using this heterologous expression system resulted in yields of 1 μg/mL and 1.5 μg/mL spinosyns in <i>Streptomyces coelicolor</i> and <i>Streptomyces lividans</i>, respectively. This report demonstrates spinosyn production in 2 <i>Streptomyces</i> strains and stresses the essential role of rhamnose in this process. This work also provides a potential alternative route for producing spinosyn analogs by means of genetic manipulation in the heterologous hosts.

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35

MIKHAILOV, ANDREI, ALBERT SCHWARZ y RENJUN XU. "COHOMOLOGY RING OF THE BRST OPERATOR ASSOCIATED TO THE SUM OF TWO PURE SPINORS". Modern Physics Letters A 28, n.º 23 (26 de julio de 2013): 1350107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732313501071.

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In the study of the Type II superstring, it is useful to consider the BRST complex associated to the sum of two pure spinors. The cohomology of this complex is an infinite-dimensional vector space. It is also a finite-dimensional algebra over the algebra of functions of a single pure spinor. In this paper we study the multiplicative structure.

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36

Monakhov, Vadim. "Vacuum and Spacetime Signature in the Theory of Superalgebraic Spinors". Universe 5, n.º 7 (2 de julio de 2019): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe5070162.

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A new formalism involving spinors in theories of spacetime and vacuum is presented. It is based on a superalgebraic formulation of the theory of algebraic spinors. New algebraic structures playing role of Dirac matrices are constructed on the basis of Grassmann variables, which we call gamma operators. Various field theory constructions are defined with use of these structures. We derive formulas for the vacuum state vector. Five operator analogs of five Dirac gamma matrices exist in the superalgebraic approach as well as two additional operator analogs of gamma matrices, which are absent in the theory of Dirac spinors. We prove that there is a relationship between gamma operators and the most important physical operators of the second quantization method: number of particles, energy–momentum and electric charge operators. In addition to them, a series of similar operators are constructed from the creation and annihilation operators, which are Lorentz-invariant analogs of Dirac matrices. However, their physical meaning is not yet clear. We prove that the condition for the existence of spinor vacuum imposes restrictions on possible variants of the signature of the four-dimensional spacetime. It can only be (1, − 1 , − 1 , − 1 ), and there are two additional axes corresponding to the inner space of the spinor, with a signature ( − 1 , − 1 ). Developed mathematical formalism allows one to obtain the second quantization operators in a natural way. Gauge transformations arise due to existence of internal degrees of freedom of superalgebraic spinors. These degrees of freedom lead to existence of nontrivial affine connections. Proposed approach opens perspectives for constructing a theory in which the properties of spacetime have the same algebraic nature as the momentum, electromagnetic field and other quantum fields.

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37

Kenmoku, Masakatsu y Y. M. Cho. "Bargmann–Wigner formulation and superradiance problem of bosons and fermions in Kerr space–time". International Journal of Modern Physics A 30, n.º 11 (16 de abril de 2015): 1550052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x15500529.

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The superradiance phenomena of massive bosons and fermions in the Kerr space–time are studied in the Bargmann–Wigner formulation. In case of bi-spinor, the four independent components spinors correspond to the four bosonic freedom: one scalar and three vectors uniquely. The consistent description of the Bargmann–Wigner equations between fermions and bosons shows that the superradiance of the type with positive energy (0 < ω) and negative momentum near horizon (p H < 0) is shown not to occur. On the other hand, the superradiance of the type with negative energy (ω < 0) and positive momentum near horizon (0 < p H ) is still possible for both scalar bosons and spinor fermions.

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38

McKeon, D. G. C. "Mapping the axial current onto the hypersphere". Canadian Journal of Physics 68, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1990): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p90-008.

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A stereographic projection has been used to map conformally invariant spinor electrodynamics from four-dimensional Euclidean space onto the surface of a sphere in five dimensions. We extend electrodynamics so that the spinors also couple in a gauge invariant way to the current on the surface of the hypersphere that is the image of the axial current [Formula: see text] in Euclidean space under this mapping.

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39

SHIMA, KAZUNARI. "SPIN-1/2 GAUGE FIELD REVISITED". Modern Physics Letters A 08, n.º 28 (14 de septiembre de 1993): 2643–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732393003020.

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The gauge symmetry for spin-1/2 field proposed in the previous paper by using second rank tensor-spinors is re-investigated. The constraints which are essential for eliminating higher spin components are re-examined and reformulated by using a traceless antisymmetric tensor-spinor Lagrange multiplier in a gauge-invariant way. The gauge symmetry is compatible with the space-time with (anti)self-dual Riemann curvatures.

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40

Patty, Victor. "A generalized Weierstrass representation of Lorentzian surfaces in ℝ2,2 and applications". International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 13, n.º 06 (15 de junio de 2016): 1650074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887816500742.

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We give a generalized Weierstrass formula for a Lorentz surface conformally immersed in the four-dimensional space [Formula: see text] using spinors and Lorentz numbers. We also study the immersions of a Lorentzian surface in the Anti-de Sitter space (a pseudo-sphere in [Formula: see text]): we give a new spinor representation formula and deduce the conformal description of a flat Lorentzian surface in that space.

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41

AÇIKTEPE, T., K. G. AKDENIZ, A. O. BARUT y J. KALAYCI. "CONFORMALLY COVARIANT COUPLED NON-LINEAR FIELD THEORY ON THE HYPERCONE: VACUUM SOLUTIONS AND QUANTIZATION OF NORMAL MODES". Modern Physics Letters A 03, n.º 02 (enero de 1988): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732388000192.

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For the conformally covariant coupled non-linear spinor-scalar fields of the σ -model type we show that the non-trivial vacuum instanton solutions have a geometric meaning as constant spinors on the five-dimensional hypercone. The quantized fields around these solutions correspond to the normal modes of the hypercone. A connection is thus established between field theory, particle spectrum of the fields and quantized excitations of a geometry (the hypercone).

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42

SHARIATI, AHMAD, MOHAMMAD KHORRAMI y AMIR H. FATOLLAHI. "DIRAC THEORY ON A SPACE WITH LINEAR LIE TYPE FUZZINESS". International Journal of Modern Physics A 27, n.º 20 (6 de agosto de 2012): 1250105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x12501059.

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A spinor theory on a space with linear Lie type noncommutativity among spatial coordinates is presented. The model is based on the Fourier space corresponding to spatial coordinates, as this Fourier space is commutative. When the group is compact, the real space exhibits lattice characteristics (as the eigenvalues of space operators are discrete), and the similarity of such a lattice with ordinary lattices is manifested, among other things, in a phenomenon resembling the famous fermion doubling problem. A projection is introduced to make the dynamical number of spinors equal to that corresponding to the ordinary space. The actions for free and interacting spinors (with Fermi-like interactions) are presented. The Feynman rules are extracted and 1-loop corrections are investigated.

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43

POPŁAWSKI, NIKODEM J. "GEOMETRIZATION OF ELECTROMAGNETISM IN TETRAD-SPIN-CONNECTION GRAVITY". Modern Physics Letters A 24, n.º 06 (28 de febrero de 2009): 431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732309030151.

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The metric-affine Lagrangian of Ponomarev and Obukhov for the unified gravitational and electromagnetic fields is linear in the Ricci scalar and quadratic in the tensor of homothetic curvature. We apply to this Lagrangian the variational principle with the tetrad and spin connection as dynamical variables and show that, in this approach, the field equations are the Einstein–Maxwell equations if we relate the electromagnetic potential to the trace of the spin connection. We also show that, as in the Ponomarev–Obukhov formulation, the generally covariant Dirac Lagrangian gives rise to the standard spinor source for the Einstein–Maxwell equations, while the spinor field obeys the nonlinear Heisenberg–Ivanenko equation with the electromagnetic coupling. We generalize that formulation to spinors with arbitrary electric charges.

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44

Gómez-Lobo, Alfonso García-Parrado y José M. Martín-García. "Spinors: A Mathematica package for doing spinor calculus in General Relativity". Computer Physics Communications 183, n.º 10 (octubre de 2012): 2214–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2012.04.024.

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45

ICHINOSE, IKUO. "STRONG-COUPLING GAUGE THEORY OF NODAL SPINONS AND ANTIFERROMAGNETIC LONG-RANGE ORDER". Modern Physics Letters A 21, n.º 39 (21 de diciembre de 2006): 2947–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732306022213.

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In this paper we shall study a gauge theory of nodal spinons which appears as a low-energy effective theory for antiferromagnetic (AF) Heisenberg models. In most of the studies on the nodal spinons given so far, the gauge interaction between spinons was assumed weak and nonperturbative effects like instantons and vortices were ignored. In this paper, we shall study strong-coupling gauge theory of nodal spinons and reveal its nontrivial phase structure. To this end, we employ recently developed lattice gauge theory techniques for studying finite-temperature and finite-density gauge theory. At low temperature and low spinon-density region, an AF long-range order exists. As temperature and/or density of spinons increase, a phase transition to nonmagnetic phase takes place. Order of the phase transition is of second (first) order for low (high) density region of spinons. At a quantum critical point at vanishing temperature T = 0, abrupt change of spinon density occurs as a function of the chemical potential. Implications of the results to the heavy-fermion materials and the high-T c cuprates are discussed.

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46

CARLEVARO, NAKIA, ORCHIDEA MARIA LECIAN y GIOVANNI MONTANI. "LORENTZ GAUGE THEORY AND SPINOR INTERACTION". International Journal of Modern Physics A 23, n.º 08 (30 de marzo de 2008): 1282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x08040238.

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A gauge theory of the Lorentz group, based on the different behavior of spinors and vectors under local transformations, is formulated in a flat space-time and the role of the torsion field within the generalization to curved space-time is briefly discussed. The spinor interaction with the new gauge field is then analyzed assuming the time gauge and stationary solutions, in the non-relativistic limit, are treated to generalize the Pauli equation.

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47

DE M. CARVALHO, A. M., CLAUDIO FURTADO y FERNANDO MORAES. "CIRCULAR ORBITS AROUND SCHWARZSCHILD–AdS SPACETIME". Modern Physics Letters A 19, n.º 36 (30 de noviembre de 2004): 2683–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732304015981.

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In this paper we discuss parallel transport of vectors and spinors around circular orbits in Schwarzschild–AdS spacetime. We study the global properties of this spacetime via loop variables or holonomy. A set of paths in this background is considered. We demonstrate that for some special radii there appears the so-called quantized band structure of holonomy invariance. This analysis is also extended to parallel transport of a spinor in this spacetime.

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48

DAPPIAGGI, CLAUDIO, THOMAS-PAUL HACK y NICOLA PINAMONTI. "THE EXTENDED ALGEBRA OF OBSERVABLES FOR DIRAC FIELDS AND THE TRACE ANOMALY OF THEIR STRESS-ENERGY TENSOR". Reviews in Mathematical Physics 21, n.º 10 (noviembre de 2009): 1241–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129055x09003864.

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We discuss from scratch the classical structure of Dirac spinors on an arbitrary globally hyperbolic, Lorentzian spacetime, their formulation as a locally covariant quantum field theory, and the associated notion of a Hadamard state. Eventually, we develop the notion of Wick polynomials for spinor fields, and we employ the latter to construct a covariantly conserved stress-energy tensor suited for back-reaction computations. We shall explicitly calculate its trace anomaly in particular.

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49

Xiong, Chi. "From the fourth color to spin-charge separation: Neutrinos and spinons". Modern Physics Letters A 30, n.º 25 (30 de julio de 2015): 1530021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732315300219.

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We introduce the spin-charge separation mechanism to the quark–lepton unification models which consider the lepton number as the fourth color. In certain finite-density systems, quarks and leptons are decomposed into spinons and chargons, which carry the spin and charge degrees of freedom respectively. Neutrinos can be related to the spinons with respect to the electric-charge and spin separation in the early universe or other circumstances. Some effective, probably universal couplings between the spinon sector and the chargon sector are derived and a phenomenological description for the chargon condensate is proposed. It is then demonstrated that the spinon current can induce vorticity in the chargon condensate, and spinon zero modes are trapped in the vortices, forming spinon-vortex bound states. In cosmology this configuration may lead to the emission of extremely high energy neutrinos when vortices split and reconnect.

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50

He, Ji Hua. "Study on a Unified Schematic Model of Elementary Particles: Leptons, Photons and Quarks in Material Engineering and its Applications". Advanced Materials Research 578 (octubre de 2012): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.578.162.

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Leptons and quarks are the elementary particles constituting all of matter. Here we show a unified schematic model of leptons, photons and quarks with certain structures and sizes. We thought all matters are time variant three dimensional electromagnetic fields. We used a Taiji spinor to describe the neutrinos, two Taiji spinors to describe electrons, muons, taus and photons, three Taiji spinors to describe quarks. We found there are same couple coefficients of leptons and quarks in each same generation while there are different couple coefficients between leptons and quarks of three generations. The electromagnetic fields of spin 1/2 leptons and quarks are all divergent, so every particle sends out energy at all times. The study of the structures of these elementary particles will contribute to the use of nuclear energy material.

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