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Johnston, Matthew D. "Feeding and digestion in the phyllosoma larvae of ornate spiny lobster, Panulirus ornatus (Fabricius) and the implications for their culture /". Connect to this title, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0150.
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Johnston, Matthew D. "Feeding and digestion in the phyllosoma larvae of ornate spiny lobster, Panulirus ornatus (Fabricius) and the implications for their culture". University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0150.
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[Truncated abstract] In this thesis I investigated the ingestive and digestive morphology and digestive physiology during development of phyllosomata of the ornate spiny lobster, Panulirus ornatus. This knowledge was applied to develop a suitable formulated diet to be fed in combination with Artemia or used as a supplement to reduce production costs. The major impediment to closure of the life cycle of spiny lobsters has been an inadequate dietary regime, stemming from a lack of information on their feeding biology and ingestive and digestive capabilities. Of all spiny lobster species, P. ornatus is the best candidate for aquaculture in Australia having the shortest larval development phase (46 months) and fast growth rate, attaining 1 kg within 2 years of hatch. Currently, Artemia and fresh feeds such as mussel are used routinely as hatchery feeds. However, the development of a formulated diet that is palatable and delivers the correct balance of nutrients is seen as a highly attractive and cost effective alternative. An appropriate formulated diet for aquaculture of phyllosomata of spiny lobsters can be developed more effectively when the ingestive and digestive morphology, physiology and feeding behaviour are fully understood. ... Partial replacement trials revealed that P. ornatus phyllosoma are stimulated to feed by visual cues. Furthermore, 75% of the entire Artemia ration can be replaced with a formulated diet without having any adverse effects on survival and growth of early-stage phyllosomata. Weaning P. ornatus phyllosomata onto 100% formulated diet during stages II-III resulted in reduced survival but demonstrated that diets containing 44-50% crude protein with a diverse range of marine protein sources provides optimum survival and growth. This thesis has identified both physical and nutritional components that will contribute to the successful development of formulated diets for aquaculture of this species. Ultimately, although formulated diets are ingested and provide more than adequate survival when fed in combination with Artemia during early ontogeny, greater success and the possibility of totally replacing Artemia may occur after day 32 (stage IV) due to an increased efficiency to capture and manipulate larger sized particles externally and a greater capacity to triturate prey and sort and filter particles internally. Furthermore, a general increase in specific activity of digestive enzymes at stage IV suggests the possibility of a greater capacity to digest and assimilate nutrients.
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Jayakody, D. S. "Fishery, population dynamics and breeding biology of Panulirus homarus (L.) on the south coast of Sri Lanka". Thesis, University of Stirling, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/26681.
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This study is aimed to provide an understanding of the spiny lobster fishery of the south coast of Sri Lanka. Most of the spiny lobster fisheries of the world are subjected to heavy exploitation due to the increasing demand. The use of hazardous fishing methods however is known to cause serious problems in the developing countries, including Sri Lanka where considerable percentage of berried females and under sized lobsters are caught each year. The fishery for spiny lobster in the coastal waters of the south coast is carried out by non-mechanized out-rigger small canoes with trammel nets, bottom set gill nets and lobster rings. Around 200mt of lobsters is caught each year in the study area by a fishing fleet of 315 crafts. Around 80% of the lobster production consisted of Panulirus homarus. Lobsters were found to occur all year round, but the fishery is restricted to the non-monsoon period (August-March) due to operational difficulties. The analysis of catch and effort statistics indicated a maximum sustainable yield of 190-200 mt and an optimal daily effort of 300 crafts. The length-based analysis indicated that the resource is over exploited and a reduction in effort by about 20.5% is necessary to put the fishery back to an equilibrium level. Experimental fishing tests revealed that the lobster rings cause the least damage to the population, while the trammel net was the most harmful by including 77% of sub-legal lobsters in catches. This study indicated the possibility of having two spawning and recruitment pulses separated by an interval of 4-5 months. Fecundity estimates ranged between 116,000 - 601,000. Nearly two-third of the total egg production was contributed by lobsters of 60-79mm carapace length range. The fishery is reproductively supported by 3-4 year lobsters. This resource in the study area appears to be overfished with respect to its reproductive potential. The use of trammel nets and free access to the fishery are the two main points which should be carefully controlled. The fishery should be managed by using less harmful fishing gear (eg. lobster rings) and by introducing a proper licensing system to control fishermen entering into the fishery.
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Simon, Cédric Johan. "Advancing the nutrition of juvenile spiny lobster, jasus edwardsii, in aquaculture /". e-Thesis University of Auckland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/5796.
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Esterhuizen, J. A. "Towards the development of a protocol for rearing juvenile rock lobster, Jasus lalandii". Connect to this title online, 2004. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/171/.
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Evans, C. R. "Population dynamics and ecology of spiny lobsters Panulirus argus and P. guttatus at Bermuda". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234693.
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Shabani, Shkelzen. "The Role of Chemical Senses in Predation, Risk Assessment, and Social Behavior of Spiny Lobsters". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/biology_diss/44.
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Chemical senses play a critical role in predator-prey and social interactions of many animals. Predators often evoke adaptive escape responses by prey, one of which is the release of chemicals that induce adaptive avoidance behaviors from both predators and conspecifics. I explore the use of chemicals in predator-prey and social interactions, using a crustacean model system, the spiny lobster. As predators, spiny lobsters are opportunistic, polyphagous feeders, and they rely heavily on their chemical senses during feeding. Some of their potential prey deter attacks through chemical defenses that act through the spiny lobsters’ chemical senses. An example of this is sea hares, Aplysia californica, which secrete an ink when vigorously attacked by sympatric spiny lobsters, Panulirus interruptus. I show that that this ink defends sea hares from spiny lobsters through several mechanisms that include phagomimicry, sensory disruption, and deterrence, and that the ink’s efficacy is enhanced by its naturally high acidity. As prey, spiny lobsters rely heavily on their chemical senses to assess risk from predators. One way to assess risk of predation is through ‘alarm cues’, which are injury-related chemicals. I show that injured Caribbean spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus, release alarm cues in their hemolymph, and that nearby conspecifics detect these cues using olfaction. Hemolymph from conspecifics induces primarily alarm behavior in the form of retreat, sheltering, and suppression of appetitive responses. In contrast, hemolymph from heterospecifics, depending on phylogenetic relatedness, induces either mixed alarm and appetitive behaviors or primarily appetitive behaviors. Spiny lobsters also use chemical cues to assess risk during social interactions with conspecific. I show that spiny lobsters use urine-borne chemical signals and agonistic behaviors to communicate social status and that these chemical signals are detected exclusively by the olfactory pathway. Dominant animals increase urine release during social interactions, whereas subordinates do not. Experimental prevention of urine release during interactions causes an increase in agonism, but this increase is abolished when urine of dominants is reintroduced. My findings lay the foundation for neuroethological studies of risk-assessment systems mediated by intraspecific chemical cues.
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Tomalin, Bruce John. "Migrations of spiny rock-lobsters, Jasus Lalandii, at Luderitz : environmental causes, and effects on the fishery and benthic ecology". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9665.
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Includes bibliographical references.A dispute arose in the Luderitz rock-lobster, Jasus lalandii, fishery as to whether declines in CPUE were due to changes in rock-lobster migration patterns or a reduction in fishable biomass. Rock-lobster migrations were studied at two sites by estimating in situ density in the 10-12m and 15-20m depth zones. Water temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration profiles were obtained at several sites at approximately monthly intervals. Observations over a period of six years indicated that rock-lobster underwent seasonal in- offshore migrations and that marked interannual variation in those migration patterns did, indeed, occur. The movements and their interannual variation were directly related to the inshore presence of water with very low dissolved oxygen concentrations. CPUE was closely related to the density of legal sized rock-lobster on the fishing grounds (observed by SCUBA diving) and hence it is feasible that at least a part of the decline in CPUE at Luderitz was due to an alteration in the "normal" pattern of in-offshore migration. The hypothesis that environmental change caused the major decline in rock-lobster catches at Luderitz was examined by time series analysis of 21 years of CPUE, wind, SST and sea-level data. Luderitz rocklobster CPUE was found to be negatively correlated with the southerly component of summer wind stress at Diaz Point six years previously. On this basis it was hypothesised that variable settlement of puerulus larvae is an important factor driving changes in recruitment to the fishable population. The mechanism may be increased mortality of larvae as they attempt to cross the continental shelf (due to greater northward and offshore drift during periods of strong southerly wind). The dramatic interannual changes in rock-lobster density provided an opportunity to carry out a "natural" experiment on the interaction between rock-lobsters and the associated benthic species assemblage. It was found that, although there were changes in the benthos (notably an increase and subsequent decline in whelk density), these were unrelated to variation in rock-lobster density. In addition, no relationship between per capita food availability and rock-lobster growth on four grounds, was apparent. As regards temporal changes in food supply and subsequent effects on rock-lobster growth rates; there was no temporal reduction in food supply at the main study site which could be related to the reduction in CPUE since 1988.
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Waddington, Kris Ian. "Diet and trophic role of western rock lobsters (Panulirus cygnus George) in temperate Western Australian deep-coastal ecosystems (35-60m)". University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0035.
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[Truncated abstract] Removal of consumers through fishing has been shown to influence ecosystem structure and function by changing the biomass and composition of organisms occupying lower trophic levels. The western rock lobster (Panurilus cygnus), an abundant consumer along the temperate west coast of Australia, forms the basis of Australia's largest single species fishery, with catches frequently exceeding 11000 tonnes annually. Despite their high abundance and commercial importance, the diet and trophic role of adult lobster populations in deep-coastal-ecosystems (35-60 m) remains unknown. An understanding of the diet and trophic role of lobsters in these ecosystems is a key component of the assessment of ecosystem effects of the western rock lobster fishery. This study uses gut content and stable isotope analyses to determine the diet and trophic role of lobsters in deep-coastal ecosystems. Dietary analysis indicated adult lobsters in deep-coastal ecosystems were primarily carnivorous with diet reflecting food available on the benthos. Gut content analyses indicate crabs (62 %) and amphipods/isopods (~10 %) are the most important lobster dietary sources. Stable isotope analysis indicates natural diet of lobsters in deep coastal ecosystems is dominated by amphipods/isopods (contributing up to ~50 %) and crabs (to ~75 %), with bivalves/gastropods, red algae and sponges of lesser importance (<10 % of diet each). Diet of lobsters in deep-coastal ecosystems differed from that reported for lobsters inhabiting shallow water ecosystems in this region, reflecting differences in food availability and food choice between these ecosystems. Bait from the fishery was also determined (by stable isotope analyses) to be a significant dietary component of lobsters in deep-coastal ecosystems, contributing between 10 and 80 % of lobster food requirements at some study locations. '...' Given observed effects of organic matter addition in trawl fisheries, and also associated with aquaculture, bait addition is likely to have implications for processes occurring within deep-coastal ecosystems in this region, particularly given its oligotrophic status, most likely by increasing the food available to scavenging species. Removal of lobsters from deep-coastal ecosystems may affect the composition and abundance of lobster prey communities through a reduction in predation pressure. Such effects have been demonstrated for other spiny lobster species. These effects are typically most observable amongst common prey taxa which in other studies have been commonly herbivores. In deep-coastal ecosystems, crabs and amphipods/isopods are the most common prey taxa and most likely to be effected. The ecosystem-impacts of top-down control of non-herbivorous prey species is unknown and constrains the inferences possible from this study. However, the establishment of 'no-take' areas in deep-coastal ecosystems would allow the ecosystem effects of lobster removal to be further assessed in these deep-coastal ecosystems. While data from the current study did not allow the ecosystem effects of lobster removal to be properly assessed, this study provided information regarding the ecology of western rock lobsters in previously unstudied ecosystems.
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Gopal, Keshni. "Genetic population structure of spiny lobster Palinurus delagoae in the south-western Indian Ocean, and the evolutionary history of Palinurus". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21777.
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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigated the evolution of the genus Palinurus at the higher and lower taxonomic levels. The population genetics of the spiny lobster, Palinurus delagoae, was investigated by making use of a portion of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (547 base pairs) that was sequenced for 285 lobsters from the southeastern coast of Africa (six sites) and 49 lobsters from Walters Shoals (one site), a submerged seamount on the Madagascar Ridge. Lobsters from these two areas shared no haplotypes and differed by at least 27 mutational steps. An analysis of molecular variance showed significant genetic partitioning, and pairwise comparisons suggested that lobsters from Walters Shoals are distinct from those of other sampling areas. Along the south east African coastline there was shallow genetic partitioning between four southern sites (South Africa) and two northern (Mozambique) sites, suggesting two Management Units along the African coast. Female gene flow along the African coast may be propagated by larval dispersal in the Mozambique and Agulhas Currents and counter-current migrations by benthic juveniles along the shelf, but the mtDNA data strongly suggest that larvae at Walters Shoals have been, or are currently still retained by other oceanographic processes. The magnitude of mtDNA divergence among lobsters from the southeastern coast of Africa and those at Walters Shoals, together with the absence of any shared haplotypes between these regions, strongly suggested that these two taxa represent distinct species. The molecular data of the large subunit ribosomal RNA, 16S rRNA (481 bp), and cytochrome oxidase subunit I, COI (520 bp) were then used for a higher level phylogenetic analysis of the genus. A total of 33 individuals (five representatives from each of the six species), and two outgroups (Projasus parkeri and Palinustus unicornutus), were subjected to maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses. All analyses were conducted on both the separate data sets as well as a combination of the two genes. Bootstrap analyses of the 16S rRNA data resulted in >70% support for the monophyly of all six Palinurus species but no support could be obtained for any of the interspecific associations. Likewise, individual analyses of the COI gene resulted in strong support for the monophyly of the species. The combined data (parsimony analyses) increased the resolution considerably and apart from the monophyly of all six species, good bootstrap support was also obtained for associations among species. The topology for the maximum likelihood analyses displayed a more resolved and well supported tree when the basal ingroup taxon P. elephas was used to root the tree. The combined Bayesian analyses did not result in a well resolved topology and no significant posterior probabilities could be obtained reflecting the associations among species.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie het die evolusie van die genus Palinurus by hoë en laer taksonomiese vlakke ondersoek. Die bevolkingsgenetika studie op die kreef, Palinurus delagoae, is ondersoek deur gebruik te maak van 'n gedeelte van die mitokondriale (mtDNA) kontrole-area (547 basispare) waarvan die volgorde bepaal is vir 285 krewe van die suidoos-kus van Afrika (afkomstig van ses verskillende gebiede) en 49 krewe afkomstig van Walters Shoals (een gebied), 'n ondersese berg op die Madagaskar Rand. Krewe van hierdie twee areas deel geen haplotipes nie en verskil met ten minste 27 mutasiestappe. 'n Analise van die molekulêre variansie toon dat daar 'n beduidende genetiese verdeling tussen die twee groepe is en 'n gepaarde vergelyking toon dat krewe afkomstig van Walters Shoals verskil beduidend van krewe uit ander gebiede. Volgens die vlak genetiese verdeling tussen die vier suidelike (Suid-Afrika) en twee noordelike (Mosambiek) gebiede van die suidoos-kus van Afrika wil dit voorkom of daar twee bestuurseenhede langs die kuslyn van Afrika is. Vroulike geenvloei langs hierdie kuslyn kan dalk bevarder word deur larwale verspreiding in die Mosambiek- en Agulhas- Seestrome en teenstroom migrasie van jong bodemwonende krefies op die kontinentale plaat. Die mtDNA data stel egter voor dat kreeflarwes by Walters Shoals deur ander oseanografiese prosesse steeds (of tot onlangs toe) behou word. Die grootte van mtDNA divergering tussen krewe van die suidoos-kus van Afrika en die by Walters Shoals, sowel as die afwesigheid van enige gemeenskaplike haplotipes tussen die twee gebiede, toon met beduidende sekerheid aan dat hierdie twee taksa twee unieke spesies verteenwoordig. Die molekulêre data van die 16S-rRNA (481bp) van die groot ribosomale-subeenheid en die sitochroom oksidase subeenheid, COI (520bp) is gebruik om 'n hoër resolusie filogenetiese analise van die genus te bepaal. Data van 33 individue (vyf individue uit elk van die ses spesies) en twee buitegroepe (Projasnus parkeri en Palinustus uniconutus) is geanaliseer deur gebruik te maak van die maksimum-parsimonie, die maksimum-waarskynlikheid en die Bayes-inferensie metodes. Alle analises is uitgevoer op beide die afsonderlike datastelle sowel as op die gekombineerde data van die twee gene. Analise van die 16S-rRNA data deur die skoenlusmetode (steekproefhersteekproef- metode) toon meer as 70% steun vir die monofilie van al ses Palinurus spesies maar dit toon geen steun vir enige van die interspesifieke assosiasies nie. Net so toon individuele analise van die COI geen beduidende steun vir die monofilie van die spesies. Die gekombineerde data (parsimonie) het 'n aansienlike verhoging in die resolusie teweeg gebring en behalwe vir die monofilie van al ses die spesies was daar ook goeie steun deur die skoenlusmetode vir die assosiasie tussen spesies verkry. Die topologie vir die maksimum-parsimonie het 'n goed gesteunde en hoër resolusie boom vir die gekombineerde datastel (sonder die buitegroepe) getoon. Die gekombineerde Bayesanalise het nie 'n soortgelyke boom opgelewer nie en die assosiasie tussen die spesies is nie ondersteun nie aangesien geen beduidende a posteriori-waarskynlikheid verkry kon word nie.
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Mokashi, Madhura P. "Distribution of Phyllosoma Larvae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palinura: Palinuridae, Scyllaridae and Synaxidae) in the Florida Current, Off Port Everglades, Florida, USA". NSUWorks, 2009. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/137.
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A spiny (Palinuridae), slipper (Scyllaridae) and coral (Synaxidae) lobster larval composition and distribution study on the western edge of the Florida Current is presented. From the samples collected during 2007, phyllosoma larvae of Justitia longimanus, Panulirus argus, Parribacus spp., S. americanus, S. depressus and P. gundlachi were positively identified. Relative density catches of the phyllosoma larvae indicate that P. argus (Florida spiny lobster) is the most abundant species in the Straits of Florida. Data gathered during the study shows that P. argus larvae at different developmental stages occur throughout the year which supports the theory of multiple spawning and/or multiple sources. Larvae of genus Panulirus are difficult to distinguish from plankton samples and hence were identified as of P. argus since it is the most common species in the area. Family Palinuridae and Scyllaridae larval density spikes in July and May, coincide with their spawning peak periods of late March – early May and late January to late March respectively. Members of family Palinuridae showed higher densities at night, whereas those of family Scyllaridae showed higher densities during day catches. Larvae of all species showed close association between total length and developmental stage at earlier age. Variability in size and morphology within stage increases with older stages due to multiple molts and/or smaller sample size.
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Kelly, Shane. "Marine reserves and the spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii". Thesis, University of Auckland, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/995.
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The impact of no-take marine reserves on spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii, populations and the adjacent lobster fishery was assessed in a study that determined: the response of lobster populations to protection, if lobsters within marine reserves moved out into the surrounding fishery, examined the behavioural characteristic of lobsters that contributed to their recovery and spillover, and contrasted catch characteristics around a north-east New Zealand marine reserve with 2 unprotected sites. Surveys of 4 no-take marine reserves of different ages and 4 unprotected control sites confirmed that J. edwardsii increase in mean size and abundance within protected areas. Total lobster density was estimated to increase by 6.1% per year of protection. The relationship between age of reserve and the density of lobsters above the legal size limit (>100 mm carapace length) was complicated by depth related interactions between reserves, due to seasonal changes in the depth distribution of lobsters and differences in the timing of surveys among locations. However, density increases in legal sized lobsters were greater than those of the overall population. Mean size of protected lobsters increased in a non-linear fashion, reflecting the asymptotic growth characteristics of the species. Mean carapace length of lobsters increased by 11.24 mm after 3 years of protection and only by 16.25 mm after 2l years of protection. Corresponding increases in biomass (kg.500 m-2) and egg production (eggs.500 m-2) were estimated to be 7.4% and 6.6% respectively per year of protection. A tag recapture program indicated that the limited scale of movements and relatively high site fidelity of mature J. edwardsii aided the recovery of lobster populations in protected areas. Of 737 lobsters tagged in and around the Leigh Marine Reserve,212 were subsequently resighted. Seventy percent of resighted lobsters were relocated less than 250 m along the shore from their initial site after a mean period of liberty of 146 (se = 13.42) days. However, seasonal offshore movements took lobsters beyond the seaward boundary of the reserve where they were susceptible to capture. Of the 521 lobsters tagged on inshore reefs within the Leigh Marine Reserve. l.9% were caught over the seaward boundary by commercial fishers, and 14.4% of the 181 lobsters tagged over the seaward boundary were resighted on inshore reefs within the reserve. Movements into or out of the reserve across the longshore boundaries were also recorded for 7 out of the 27 lobsters moving further than 250 m along the shore. Acoustic tracking confirmed that J. edwardsii have a high site fidelity, with tracked lobsters spending a median of 84% of their time at their home site. Twenty one percent of the 26 lobsters fitted with acoustic tags never left their tagging site and, of those that did leave 56% eventually returned. Lobsters moved up to 3.1km away from their home sites but managed to find their way back after periods of 1 to 103 days away. Five lobsters had strong associations with two separate sites and made repeated movements between these alternate home sites. The straight line distance between alternate home sites ranged from 200 m to 1.3 km, and the period between visits to their primary or secondary home sites ranged from 1 to 93 days. Movement activity varied throughout the year, and seasonal patterns differed between males and females. Females displayed one peak in movement activity per year, around the time of larval release in September-October. Males displayed a summer peak centred on January, and a winter peak centred on July. The onset of high movement activity was often accompanied by a shift to deeper water and l0 of the 14 lobsters tracked for over 6 months spent periods away from the inshore reef system. Exposed groups of lobsters were observed aggregating in offshore areas of sand and low lying patch reef during the day. Offshore aggregations were observed over 7 months of the year and lobsters within the aggregations displayed behaviour consistent with the use of mutual defence. The sexual composition of the aggregations reflected seasonal patterns in male and female movement rates. Male J. edwardsii dominated the aggregations in winter and summer; times when peak feeding rates of males held in captivity were also recorded. Females dominated the offshore aggregations in September-October when larvae are released. Seven of the 26 lobsters fitted with acoustic tags moved over the boundaries of the Leigh Marine Reserve and Tawharanui Marine Park during offshore movements. Despite the fact that there is no fishing access to inshore reefs within the Leigh Marine Reserve, no significant difference was detected between the catch per unit effort (kg.trap haul-1) of lobsters caught around the reserve, nearby coastal Leigh or Little Barrier Island. However, catches around the marine reserve contained fewer (P=0.0009) but larger lobsters than at Little Barrier Island. The catch characteristics of lobsters from coastal Leigh were intermediate between the other two sites. As access to inshore reefs around the Leigh Marine Reserve was limited to a small area at either end of the reserve, traps tended to be set in offshore locations and the sexual composition of the total catch around the Leigh Marine Reserve reflected the seasonal movements of males and females into, and out, offshore areas. At coastal Leigh and Little Barrier Island the location of traps was not restricted and greater use was made of coastal fringing reefs. As a result the sexual composition of the catch at these locations did not reflect the movement of various components of the lobster population into and out of specific habitats or locations. Overall, the results of this study suggest that relatively small (~ 5 km2) no-take marine reserves increase lobster biomass and egg production, without adversely affecting catch rates in the surrounding fishery. Marine reserves may therefore represent a viable management tool, which if used in conjunction with other management regimes, could provide a more precautionary approach to the management of the J. edwardsii fishery at minimal cost to the industry.
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Parsons, Amy Herrnkind William F. "I can beat you one handed spiny lobster self defense after the loss of an antenna /". Diss., Connect to this title online, 2005. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07022005-182909.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2005.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Sept. 14, 2005). Advisor: Dr. William F. Herrnkid, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Biological Science. Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-62).
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Luna, Soledad. "Population Dynamics And Factors Affecting Spiny Lobster Small Scale Fisheries". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-234815.
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This dissertation analyses the effects of current fisheries practices and management regulations of the green spiny lobster (Panulirus gracilis) in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Region (ETP). P. gracilis has reached a critical state in the ETP. Country-based studies report that between 60 and 98% of lobsters caught in the wild are under the minimum landing size (MLS). This means that spiny lobsters are being extracted before reproducing and contributing to the replenishment of interconnected populations. The recovery of green spiny lobster populations in the ETP and the future maintenance of a sustainable fishery will depend on effective management decisions and on taking in account environmental factors that influence the population dynamics of the lobsters.
In the first study (Chapter 2), the B52 Spiny Lobster individual based simulation model was used for conducting a population viability analysis to quantify the effect of current fishing practices and the effect of varying management regulations on minimum landing size (MLS) and fishing effort. The best suit of regulations to maintain the highest abundance, production of offspring and catch is to protect juveniles and egged females, and to establish a MLS that assures the reproduction of individuals before being extracted. This study revealed regional variations, however the patterns and the causes for variation were not yet clear. This led to the next chapters in this dissertation.
In Chapter 3, I used a meta-analysis to explore regional lobster variability by comparing published studies from the ETP. The objective was to identify patterns of variation related to geographic and environmental factors of the region that can inform the establishment and evaluation of coordinated regulations. Morphological relationships showed to be more variable at northern latitudes, where the mean annual sea surface temperatures are higher than at lower temperatures at the Equator. In terms of management, MLS regulations should be adapted accounting for the effect of sea surface temperature and its variation. Additionally, it was observed that monitoring methodologies are not standardized within the region and even in some cases, neither within countries. Furthermore, in most places monitoring of the spiny lobster fishery happens sporadically, only in Galapagos takes place every year. Identifying patterns of variations can improve the accuracy of prediction models which can help to explore, design, and apply more effective management measures, as well as promote regional coordination to support the recovery and maintenance of spiny lobsters.
In Chapter 4, I contrast current Ecuadorian minimum landing size (MLS) regulation to lobster empirical measurements within Ecuador in order to recognize potential pitfalls for management enforcement. I used linear regression and multiple regression models with the objective of identifying potential relative size variations of the individuals caught in the wild over time and in the different fishing areas in Ecuador, as well as to analyse the effect of locality, sex, age and mean SST on the tail length/total length ratio. Morphological relations were significantly different among sexes, in time and by all sites. Most importantly, this study shows that current minimum size regulations are not applicable to all sites. Additionally, I found that water temperature has a significant effect on morphological relationship variations. However, it was not the main site-specific variable responsible for explaining such variations. In general, this work emphasizes the need for length data collection standardization and the consideration of temporal and spatial variation implications in national and regional fishery management planning, enforcement and evaluation.
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Matumba, Tshifhiwa Given. "Role and distribution of astaxanthin in spiny lobster, Jasus lalandii". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6133.
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The occurance and distribution of astaxanthin in tissues of the spiny lobster, Jasus lalandii was investigated. The concentration of astaxanthin was quantified in the exoskeleton, haemolymph, muscles, gonads and hepatopancreas as well as in egg parcels from berried females during the moult as well as the reproductive cycles. Astaxanthin was the dominant carotenoid in all tissues, but small amounts of other carotenoids were detected. Exoskeleton, ovaries and extrude egg parcels had significantly higher astaxanthin concentration than haemolymp, muscles and hepatopancreas. This distribution of astaxanthin was found in both captive and free-living spiny lobsters. Free-living spiny lobsters generally had higher astaxanthin concentration than the captive spiny lobsters although the data is not statistically significant in all tissues investigated.
16
Barroso, Juarez Coelho. "AvaliaÃÃo da Pesca da Lagosta Vermelha (Panulirus argus) e da Lagosta verde (Panulirus laevicauda) na Plataforma Continental do Brasil". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7259.
Texto completoResumen
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel SuperiorA pesca extrativa de lagosta no Brasil à uma atividade econÃmica importante que engloba diferentes setores sociais na regiÃo costeira e que aporta um ingresso mÃdio anual de 84 milhÃes de dÃlares. A grande demanda do produto, o elevado valor no mercado internacional, a expansÃo da frota artesanal, o nÃo cumprimento das medidas de conservaÃÃo, o impacto da pesca no ecossistema e possivelmente a variabilidade do clima, tem propiciado uma elevada explotaÃÃo ou sobre-explotaÃÃo dos estoques destes crustÃceos. A avaliaÃÃo e previsÃo da pescaria dependem da coleta de informaÃÃo biolÃgica e pesqueira, em que nas duas Ãltimas dÃcadas a ausÃncia destes dados e a falta de estudo do ciclo de vida gerou um elevado nÃvel de incerteza na administraÃÃo da pescaria. No presente estudo, foi realizada uma anÃlise integral da informaÃÃo biolÃgico-pesqueira gerada pelo projeto de mestrado e pelos dados que o precedem. As zonas de agregaÃÃo dos estoques pesqueiros se distribuÃram em 31 estratos que cobrem uma Ãrea de 356.610 kmÂ, divididos em duas regiÃes: rasa < 50 m (160.510 kmÂ) e profunda entre 50 e 100 m (196.100 kmÂ). O Ãndice de produtividade mÃdio (1999-2006) entre espÃcies foi de 29,75 kg/km em Panulirus argus e de 8,39 kg/km em P. laevicauda; nos diferentes estratos variou entre 0,02 e 217,0 kg/km (ambas as espÃcies). Os coeficientes de capturabilidade variaram entre 0,10 e 0,14, demonstrando-se que os aparelhos de pesca (caÃoeira, manzuà e cangalha) apresentam uma baixa eficiÃncia na pescaria de lagosta. A amostragem dos desembarques entre diferentes perÃodos de pesca (1970-1979, 1980-1988 e 1989-1993) mostrou uma diminuiÃÃo progressiva das lagostas pequenas e, como resultado, o comprimento mÃdio mostrou uma tendÃncia crescente. As amostragens aleatÃrias nas embarcaÃÃes que pescaram entre 20 e 35 m (1999) revelaram que as lagostas recrutadas (50 e 75 mm, CC) representaram 91% (P. argus) e 96% (P. laevicauda) do total capturado, que conjuntamente com a expansÃo da Ãrea de pesca (aumento do esforÃo) e a diminuiÃÃo da CPUE por quadrÃculas de pesca (entre 1974 e 1991), evidenciaram uma sobrepesca de crescimento que provavelmente esteja influenciando nas elevadas variaÃÃes das capturas anuais e em sua tendÃncia negativa observada nos Ãltimos 15 anos (1995-2009). A anÃlise realizada entre a CPUE e a abundÃncia (N), revelou uma falta de proporcionalidade (hiperestabilidade) entre ambos os parÃmetros, que poderia estar afetando a relaÃÃo entre a CPUE e o esforÃo, e sobre-estimando as estimativas do rendimento mÃximo sustentÃvel (RMS). Foi estimado um rendimento mÃximo sustentÃvel por unidade de Ãrea de 14 kg/km e um rendimento mÃximo sustentÃvel preliminar entre 5.000 e 5.604 t. Este resultado empÃrico deve ser corroborado a partir do desenvolvimento da amostragem aleatÃria estratificada que foi proposto no presente estudo. NÃo existem evidÃncias de uma sobrepesca de recrutamento nos estoques, mas as altas taxas de explotaÃÃo no estoque do setor profundo (50 e 100 m) de P. argus, composto principalmente por exemplares mais velhos e de elevado poder reprodutor, poderia estar acentuando o risco dos recrutamentos baixos e dos colapsos. Este grande nÃvel de incerteza pelo que transcorre a pescaria de lagosta na plataforma continental do Brasil deve ser abordado por formas de pensar novas e diferentes, por uma visÃo em longo prazo e pela obtenÃÃo de novos conhecimentos cientÃficos que permitam desenvolver uma pesca sustentÃvel.
Extractive fishing lobster in Brazil is an important economic activity which includes different social sectors in the coastal region and provides an average annual income of USD$ 84 million. The great demand for the product, the high value in international market, expansion of the artisanal fleet, failure in enforce of conservation measures, the fishing impact on ecosystems and perhaps climate variability, have led to a high exploitation or overexploitation of the crustacean stocks. The evaluation and fishery prediction depends of biological and fisheries data collection, in the last two decades the absence of these data and the lack in the life cycle study generated a high level of uncertainty in the management of the fishery. In the present study, a comprehensive analysis is done of biological and fishery information generated by the thesis project and the data that precedes. The areas of the stock aggregation were distributed into 31 strata covering an area of 356.610 kmÂ, divided into two regions: shallow < 50 m (160.510 kmÂ) and depth between 50 and 100 m (196.100 kmÂ). The medium productivity index (1999-2006) between species was 29,75 kg/km in Panulirus argus and 8,39 kg/km in P. laevicauda; in different strata varied between 0.02 and 217.0 kg/km (both species). Catchability coefficients ranged between 0.10 and 0.14, showing that the fishing gears (caÃoeira, manzuà and cangalha) have a low efficiency in the lobster fishery. The sampling of landings between different fishing periods (1970-1979, 1980-1988 and 1989-1993) showed a progressive decrease in the small lobsters and as a result the mean length showed an increasing trend. The random samples on boats that fished between 20 and 35 m (1999), revealed that lobsters recruited (50 and 75 mm, Lc) accounted for 91% (P. argus) and 96% (P. laevicauda) of the total catch, which with the expansion of fishing (increased effort) was accompanied by a decreasing of the CPUE by fishing grids (between 1974 and 1991), showed a growth overfishing which are probably influencing in the high variations of the annual catches and its negative trend observed in the last fifteen years (1995-2009). The analysis between CPUE and abundance (N), revealed a lack of proportionality (hyperstability) between both parameters, which could be affecting the relationship between CPUE and effort and overestimating yield maximum sustainable (YMS). We estimated a yield maximum sustainable per unit area of 14 kg/km and a yield maximum sustainable preliminary between 5,000 and 5,604 t. This empirical result should be confirmed through the development of stratified random sampling is proposed in this study. There is not evidence of recruitment overfishing in the stocks, but high rates of exploitation in the deep stock (50 to 100 m) of P. argus, composed mainly of older specimens and high reproductive power, could be accentuating the risk of low recruitment and collapse. This high level of uncertainty which takes the lobster fishery on the continental shelf of Brazil must be addressed by new ways of thinking, by a long-term and acquiring new skills and knowledge to develop fisheries sustainable.
17
Frazel, Denis William. "The Influence of Lobster Trap Escape Gaps on Capture and Behavior of the Spiny Lobster, Panulirus argus (Latreille)". NSUWorks, 1986. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/369.
Texto completoResumen
Interest in the potential usefulness of lobster trap escape gaps in the Florida spiny lobster fishery prompted an independent examination of their influence on capture and behavior of the spiny lobster, Panulirus argus. A trapping study was conducted off Southeastern Florida during 1984/1985 using control traps, and traps with escape gap openings of 51, 54, and 57 mm. The 51 mm escape gap caught significantly more legal lobsters than any other trap, while the 54 and 57 mm escape gap caught significantly fewer sublegal lobsters. Carapace lengths of lobsters increased as escape gap width increased.
The impact of escape gaps on behavior of Panulirus argus was examined through field and laboratory observations. Lobsters with a carapace length of 75 mm or less were observed entering and exiting through a 51 mm escape gap. Legal lobsters (≥76 mm CL) were unable to escape from the trap. Dominance interaction or agonistic behavior were postulated to affect catch rates in escape gap traps. Direct observations indicate they do not appear to be a factor influencing catch rates of lobsters in traps with escape gaps. It is hypothesized that the escape gap acts as an auxiliary opening, enhancing the potential of capturing a sublegal lobster.
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Simon, Cedric Johan. "Advancing the nutrition of juvenile spiny lobster, jasus edwardsii, in aquaculture". Thesis, University of Auckland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/5796.
Texto completoResumen
The development of cost-effective culture systems such as sea-cages and nutritionally adequate formulated diets for juveniles is of major importance to the advance of commercial spiny lobster aquaculture. Formulated diets have the potential to improve production performance, but to date fresh mussels have consistently produced better growth than formulated diets in spiny lobsters. Reduced food consumption due to the poor attractiveness of formulated diets has been suggested as one of the reasons for the slow growth. Whether gut physiology, processing and digestion could also impair consumption on formulated diets remains to be investigated. Diet digestibility, in particular the digestion of carbohydrates included in formulated diets, is one particular area that needs further research. The objective of this thesis was to make some significant advances in addressing two major bottlenecks (i.e., rearing system and nutrition) currently constraining the commercial ongrowing of J. edwardsii juveniles. Key findings were the following: Sea-cage culture systems of the right design can provide significant growth advantages over tank culture systems, especially on formulated diets, by addressing some of the dietary inadequacies via supplemental nutrition from biofouling; food consumption on formulated diets is significantly constrained in J. edwardsii juveniles because gut throughput is reduced due to a small foregut capacity (2.5-3%), expansion of the baseline dry formulated diet after ingestion, and slow rates of foregut filling (1-2 h), foregut evacuation (10 h), faecal throughput (>34 h) and appetite revival on the formulated diet (>18 h); an intensified intracellular digestion of the formulated diet in the digestive gland may be responsible for the lengthy appetite revival; improving the digestibility of formulated diets appears to be essential to maximise the amount of nutrient assimilated per meal in J. edwardsii; diet digestibility can be improved significantly by decreasing the starch inclusion level and selecting particularly digestible carbohydrate sources for energy (i.e., dextrin, cooked starch, glycogen, and native wheat starch) and feed binder (i.e., carboxymethyl cellulose). Among the digestible carbohydrate sources identified, native wheat starch and carboxymethyl cellulose appears to be best utilised by J. edwardsii juveniles.
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Rood, Jennifer E. S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Succulent and spiny : the Bahamas' quest for a sustainable lobster fishery". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/92634.
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Thesis: S.M. in Science Writing, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Humanities, Graduate Program in Science Writing, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 41-45).
The Caribbean spiny lobster fishery is one of the most important industries in the economy of the Bahamas, and in turn it is one of the largest lobster industries in the world. The natural geography of the Bahamas makes its waters into a lobster haven that Bahamian fishermen have successfully exploited over the past few decades. In 2009, in order to safeguard the industry's future and earn a higher margin, the government and the lobster processors together sought sustainability certification for their product. However, they came up short. The international assessors deemed the data on the health of the lobster stocks to be too minimal, and the legal structures to protect the lobster from over-harvesting to be too weak. In response, the government, together with the World Wildlife Fund, set up a program called the Fishery Improvement Project to get the country's lobster industry on the right track. Under the auspices of the Fishery Improvement Project, the government, local and international NGOs, the processors, and the fishermen themselves are contributing to improving the availability of information on the lobster and to crafting new laws to control the industry. Despite successes in improved communication and stock assessments, there are many obstacles to be overcome: differences of opinion, the spread-out nature of the country, and the limited resources available to enforce the laws. Through interviews with fishermen, government officials, processors, and scientists, this thesis tells the story of how the Fishery Improvement Project began, what it has accomplished, and where the lobster and the humans who harvest them might go from here, when the program wraps up and the fishery reenters the sustainability certification process.
by Jennifer E. Rood.
S.M. in Science Writing
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Li, Caiwen. "The infection dynamics of PaV1 in the Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus". W&M ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616740.
Texto completoResumen
Panulirus argus Virus 1 (PaV1) is an emerging disease in Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus. It is considered a threat to the lobster industry in the Florida Keys. In order to understand the infection dynamics of the PaV1 virus in the lobster host, a sensitive and specific fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay was developed for diagnosis of PaV1 in lobsters. The lower limit of detection using the 110-bp DNA probe in a dot-blot hybridization for PaV1 was 10 pg of cloned DNA template and 10 ng of genomic DNA extracted from hemolymph of diseased spiny lobster. The probe specifically hybridized to PaV1-infected cells in all the tissues tested. The probe did not hybridize with host tissues of uninfected spiny lobsters, nor did it cross-react with other virus samples tested. A primary culture of hemocytes was developed for in vitro study of PaV1. The modified Leibovitz L-15 medium supported the best survival of hemocytes in cultures. Hyalinocytes and semigranulocytes maintained higher viability (∼ 80%) after 18 days when cultured separately. Hyalinocytes and semigranulocytes were susceptible to PaV1 in vitro. Cytopathic effects (CPE) were observed as early as 12 h post-inoculation, followed by cell debris and cellular exudates in inoculated cultures. This assay was further developed to assess viral load in hemolymph of diseased lobsters using a 50 tissue culture infectious dose assay (TCID50) based on CPE. The histopathology and hematology of the spiny lobster infected with PaV1 were studied over time courses of experimental infection. The fixed phagocytes in the hepatopancreas were the primary site of PaV1 infection in spiny lobsters. Infection was subsequently observed in the hepatopancreas, gill, heart, hindgut, glial cells around the ventral nerves, as well as in the cuticular epidermis and foregut. as the disease progressed, the hepatopancreas became significantly altered, with hemal sinuses filled with massive amounts of cellular aggregates, including infected circulating hemocytes and a proliferation of infected spongy connective tissues. The virus caused significant decreases in total hemocyte density in later stages of infection and significantly altered several constituents in the hemolymph serum of diseased lobsters, including: glucose, phosphorus, triglycerides, and lipase.
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Barroso, Juarez Coelho. "Avaliação da Pesca da Lagosta Vermelha (Panulirus argus) e da Lagosta verde (Panulirus laevicauda) na Plataforma Continental do Brasil". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2012. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/18432.
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BARROSO, Juarez Coelho. Avaliação da Pesca da Lagosta Vermelha (Panulirus argus) e da Lagosta verde (Panulirus laevicauda) na Plataforma Continental do Brasil. 2012. 109 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Fortaleza-CE, 2012Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-07-18T13:17:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_jcbarroso.pdf: 2594115 bytes, checksum: ce2b67584a13e444ae16d1c1c08898f1 (MD5)
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Extractive fishing lobster in Brazil is an important economic activity which includes different social sectors in the coastal region and provides an average annual income of USD$ 84 million. The great demand for the product, the high value in international market, expansion of the artisanal fleet, failure in enforce of conservation measures, the fishing impact on ecosystems and perhaps climate variability, have led to a high exploitation or overexploitation of the crustacean stocks. The evaluation and fishery prediction depends of biological and fisheries data collection, in the last two decades the absence of these data and the lack in the life cycle study generated a high level of uncertainty in the management of the fishery. In the present study, a comprehensive analysis is done of biological and fishery information generated by the thesis project and the data that precedes. The areas of the stock aggregation were distributed into 31 strata covering an area of 356.610 km², divided into two regions: shallow < 50 m (160.510 km²) and depth between 50 and 100 m (196.100 km²). The medium productivity index (1999-2006) between species was 29,75 kg/km² in Panulirus argus and 8,39 kg/km² in P. laevicauda; in different strata varied between 0.02 and 217.0 kg/km² (both species). Catchability coefficients ranged between 0.10 and 0.14, showing that the fishing gears (caçoeira, manzuá and cangalha) have a low efficiency in the lobster fishery. The sampling of landings between different fishing periods (1970-1979, 1980-1988 and 1989-1993) showed a progressive decrease in the small lobsters and as a result the mean length showed an increasing trend. The random samples on boats that fished between 20 and 35 m (1999), revealed that lobsters recruited (50 and 75 mm, Lc) accounted for 91% (P. argus) and 96% (P. laevicauda) of the total catch, which with the expansion of fishing (increased effort) was accompanied by a decreasing of the CPUE by fishing grids (between 1974 and 1991), showed a growth overfishing which are probably influencing in the high variations of the annual catches and its negative trend observed in the last fifteen years (1995-2009). The analysis between CPUE and abundance (N), revealed a lack of proportionality (hyperstability) between both parameters, which could be affecting the relationship between CPUE and effort and overestimating yield maximum sustainable (YMS). We estimated a yield maximum sustainable per unit area of 14 kg/km² and a yield maximum sustainable preliminary between 5,000 and 5,604 t. This empirical result should be confirmed through the development of stratified random sampling is proposed in this study. There is not evidence of recruitment overfishing in the stocks, but high rates of exploitation in the deep stock (50 to 100 m) of P. argus, composed mainly of older specimens and high reproductive power, could be accentuating the risk of low recruitment and collapse. This high level of uncertainty which takes the lobster fishery on the continental shelf of Brazil must be addressed by new ways of thinking, by a long-term and acquiring new skills and knowledge to develop fisheries sustainable.
A pesca extrativa de lagosta no Brasil é uma atividade econômica importante que engloba diferentes setores sociais na região costeira e que aporta um ingresso médio anual de 84 milhões de dólares. A grande demanda do produto, o elevado valor no mercado internacional, a expansão da frota artesanal, o não cumprimento das medidas de conservação, o impacto da pesca no ecossistema e possivelmente a variabilidade do clima, tem propiciado uma elevada explotação ou sobre-explotação dos estoques destes crustáceos. A avaliação e previsão da pescaria dependem da coleta de informação biológica e pesqueira, em que nas duas últimas décadas a ausência destes dados e a falta de estudo do ciclo de vida gerou um elevado nível de incerteza na administração da pescaria. No presente estudo, foi realizada uma análise integral da informação biológico-pesqueira gerada pelo projeto de mestrado e pelos dados que o precedem. As zonas de agregação dos estoques pesqueiros se distribuíram em 31 estratos que cobrem uma área de 356.610 km², divididos em duas regiões: rasa < 50 m (160.510 km²) e profunda entre 50 e 100 m (196.100 km²). O índice de produtividade médio (1999-2006) entre espécies foi de 29,75 kg/km² em Panulirus argus e de 8,39 kg/km² em P. laevicauda; nos diferentes estratos variou entre 0,02 e 217,0 kg/km² (ambas as espécies). Os coeficientes de capturabilidade variaram entre 0,10 e 0,14, demonstrando-se que os aparelhos de pesca (caçoeira, manzuá e cangalha) apresentam uma baixa eficiência na pescaria de lagosta. A amostragem dos desembarques entre diferentes períodos de pesca (1970-1979, 1980-1988 e 1989-1993) mostrou uma diminuição progressiva das lagostas pequenas e, como resultado, o comprimento médio mostrou uma tendência crescente. As amostragens aleatórias nas embarcações que pescaram entre 20 e 35 m (1999) revelaram que as lagostas recrutadas (50 e 75 mm, CC) representaram 91% (P. argus) e 96% (P. laevicauda) do total capturado, que conjuntamente com a expansão da área de pesca (aumento do esforço) e a diminuição da CPUE por quadrículas de pesca (entre 1974 e 1991), evidenciaram uma sobrepesca de crescimento que provavelmente esteja influenciando nas elevadas variações das capturas anuais e em sua tendência negativa observada nos últimos 15 anos (1995-2009). A análise realizada entre a CPUE e a abundância (N), revelou uma falta de proporcionalidade (hiperestabilidade) entre ambos os parâmetros, que poderia estar afetando a relação entre a CPUE e o esforço, e sobre-estimando as estimativas do rendimento máximo sustentável (RMS). Foi estimado um rendimento máximo sustentável por unidade de área de 14 kg/km² e um rendimento máximo sustentável preliminar entre 5.000 e 5.604 t. Este resultado empírico deve ser corroborado a partir do desenvolvimento da amostragem aleatória estratificada que foi proposto no presente estudo. Não existem evidências de uma sobrepesca de recrutamento nos estoques, mas as altas taxas de explotação no estoque do setor profundo (50 e 100 m) de P. argus, composto principalmente por exemplares mais velhos e de elevado poder reprodutor, poderia estar acentuando o risco dos recrutamentos baixos e dos colapsos. Este grande nível de incerteza pelo que transcorre a pescaria de lagosta na plataforma continental do Brasil deve ser abordado por formas de pensar novas e diferentes, por uma visão em longo prazo e pela obtenção de novos conhecimentos científicos que permitam desenvolver uma pesca sustentável.
22
Smith, Gregory George. "Maternal and nutritional factors affecting larval competency in the spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii". Connect to this title online, 2004. http://adt.lib.utas.edu.au/public/adt-TU20041116.105050.
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Hartman, Mark Lewis. "Assessment of Diver Impact During the Spiny Lobster Sport Season, Florida Keys, USA". Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4330.
Texto completoResumen
The Spiny Lobster (Panulirus argus) fishery in Florida is closed during the spawning season (March-July) except for a two-day recreational `miniseason' for sport divers in July, several days prior to the opening of the commercial fishing season. In Monroe County, recreational fishers, who possess a valid Saltwater Fishing License with crawfish stamp, are allowed to harvest six lobsters per day, each with a minimum carapace length of 76.2 mm (3.0 inches). During these two days, approximately 50,000 people attempt to catch lobster, and the number of boats visiting the reef has been estimated to be up to 900 times higher than during the regular lobster season.
I quantified incidences of benthic damage that occurred during the August 2011 miniseason, as well as substrate type and benthos affected. Study sites at Eastern, Western, and Middle Sambos, each characterized by spur and groove reefs, represented different levels of protection within the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. The Eastern Sambos is a research only area, the Western Sambos permits recreational SCUBA diving but does not allow harvest of marine resources, and the Middle Sambos allows both recreational diving and lobster harvesting. The "Impact Site", the Middle Sambos, allows lobster harvesting, and "Control Sites", The Eastern and Western Sambos, were off limits to lobster harvesting. All sites were assessed three times before and three times after the miniseason at four locations within each of the three reef areas. Research divers conducted 30-minute, random-swim surveys cataloging incidences and magnitudes of benthic damage and counting legal-sized Spiny Lobster observed on reefs. Data were collected and analyzed using analysis of variance following the `Before-After, Control-Impact, Paired-Series' (BACIPS) design.
I found an increase in the incidences of benthic damage at the Impact sites in the three surveys conducted after the miniseason, while no significant change occurred in Control sites. This suggests that detectable benthic damage associated with lobstering activity occurred during the miniseason, at least partly as a consequence of diver impacts while searching for and capturing Spiny Lobster. In addition to SCUBA gear, divers typically also bring gloves, a three-foot (92 cm) tickle stick, a hand net, a lobster gauge, and a lobster bag, all of which make buoyancy control more challenging. By actively searching for and attempting to capture Spiny Lobster, which are cryptic and maintain close proximity to the reef, lobster-seeking divers damage the benthos at higher rates than divers engaged in non-consumptive recreational activities.
24
Diniz, FaÌbio Mendonça. "Phylogeography, genetic diversity, and population structure of the spiny lobster Panulirus argus (Crustacea : Decapoda)". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419142.
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Maxwell, Kerry Elizabeth. "Neurolipofuscin is a Measure of Age in the Caribbean Spiny Lobster, Panulirus argus, in Florida". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/biology_theses/4.
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Accurate age estimates for the commercially-important Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, would greatly enhance analyses of life history and population dynamics. Previous estimates of their age based on size and growth may be inaccurate because of variable growth in the wild. An established technique for aging crustaceans – histologically-determined lipofuscin content in the nervous system – was used on lobsters reared in the laboratory for up to five years. We verified the presence of lipofuscin in eyestalk neural tissue and described its distribution in cell cluster A of the hemiellipsoid body. Neurolipofuscin content of both sexes increased linearly over the five-year age range, with seasonal oscillations. Growth of these animals, on the other hand, showed sex differences and began to asymptote after three years. Neurolipofuscin concentrations in the two eyestalks from the same animal were similar. These results suggest that the neurolipofuscin technique will be valuable for estimating age of wild-caught P.argus.
26
Greengrass, Catherine. "Reproductive biology of female spiny lobster Palinurus Delagoae in two areas off eastern South Africa". Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26020.
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A one-year experimental fishery for P. delagoae was established in April 2004 to determine the frequency and magnitude at which pulse fishing may be sustainable (Government Gazette 2004). Determining the extent of recovery after fishing is one aim of the experimental fishery. Assessments of the growth rate, size at sex maturity and natural mortality of P. delagoae were performed in 2000 (Groeneveld et al) and can be supplemented by the results of this study, which assess the reproductive biology of the East Coast spiny lobster in order to address this aim. A recent study (Groeneveld in press) assessed fecundity, egg loss during gestation, relative reproductive potential and lifetime egg production per recruit for P. gilchristii from three areas along the South African south coast. A general east-west trend of increasing fecundity, size at sexual maturity, and lifetime egg production per recruit was found for P. gilchristii. Examining egg-loss through the first four ( of six) developmental stages of gestation showed significant loss of around 15 % by stage four, irrespective of lobster size (Groeneveld in press). The study of fecundity in P. gilchristii ( Groeneveld in press) was used as a framework for assessing the fecundity of P. delagoae in this study.
27
Mintz, Jonathon Daniel. "Survival and Abundance of Juvenile Caribbean Spiny Lobster: Effects of Shelter Size and Geographic Location". W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617652.
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Lowenberg, Megan Michelle. "The association of Pectobacterium, a plant pathogen, with the carapace of the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus". Tallahassee, Florida : Florida State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08242009-153923/.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Florida State University, 2009.Advisor: Robert H. Reeves, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Biological Science. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed on May 4, 2010). Document formatted into pages; contains x, 130 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
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Tadesse, Tizeta. "Adult Neurogenesis in the Spiny Lobster, Panulirus Argus: Molecular, Cellular, and Physiological Changes of Olfactory Receptor Neurons". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/neurosci_diss/6.
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Adult neurogenesis of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) occurs in diverse organisms including in decapod crustaceans. This dissertation describes the molecular, cellular, and physiological changes that occur during adult neurogenesis of ORNs in the antennular lateral flagellum (LF) of the spiny lobster Panulirus argus. Examination of the role of splash (spiny lobster achaete scute homolog) in adult neurogenesis and regeneration using in situ hybridization showed splash was not closely associated with the formation of sensory neurons under normal physiological conditions. Damage to the LF, which induces regeneration, enhanced splash expression, suggesting an association between splash with regeneration and repair. This study suggests that splash plays multiple roles in the olfactory organ of adult spiny lobsters. Examination of extracellular and intracellular Ca2+ in mediating spontaneous and odor-induced responses of ORNs, using calcium imaging showed that odor-induced Ca2+ transient responses and spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations in ORN somata are primarily mediated by an influx of extracellular Ca2+ through Co2+ -sensitive Ca2+ channels, but that intracellular Ca2+stores also have some contribution. These responses are independent of TTX-sensitive Na+ channels, suggesting that these Ca2+ responses may reflect receptor potentials. Examination of changes in odor specificity, sensitivity, and temporal responses in adult-born ORNs showed an increase in the percentage of odorant-responsive ORNs as they age from newly-born cells to mature, and a decrease in odorant-responsive ORNs as they senesce. As adult-born ORNs age, there was a decrease in the percentage of ORNs that undergo spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations and an increase in the amplitude of oscillation. ORNs became more broadly tuned as they senesce, and their response profile, defined by the most effective odorant, changed. Odor sensitivity changed with age. This study demonstrated that the physiological response properties of adult-born ORNs changed with functional maturation. Taken together, this dissertation reveals molecular, cellular and physiological changes in adult born ORNs and elucidates mechanisms of adult neurogenesis.
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Coba-Cetina, Luis. "Immigration Variability and Post-Settlement Processes of the Spiny Lobster, Panulirus argus, in the Exuma Cays, Bahamas". W&M ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617682.
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Gonzalez-Cano, Jaime Manuel. "Migration and refuge in the assessment and management of the spiny lobster Panulirus argus in the Mexican Caribbean". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7261.
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Callwood, Karlisa A. "Use of Larval Connectivity Modeling to Determine Settlement Habitats of Panulirus argus in The Bahamas as a Pre-cursor to Marine Protected Area Network Planning". Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/59.
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Caribbean spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) is a popular and heavily exploited seafood throughout its range. This species supports the primary fishery in many Caribbean countries, especially in the Bahamas, which reports the highest catches and where spiny lobster serves as the number one food export. P. argus possesses one of the longest pelagic larval durations of any marine species, ranging from 6-12 months. This allows for the possibility of long-range dispersal, which would make it difficult to determine if local adult populations originate from areas close-by or within the same countries/jurisdictions, thus presenting implications for conservation and management of the species. This project seeks to explore the policy implications of lobster larval dispersal in the Bahamas by examining the larval connectivity of locally spawned P. argus in order to determine the mean dispersal kernel and to identify hotspots of settlement within the area. A coupled biophysical model was used to simulate larval transport from scaled egg production of 47 release locations within the Bahamas. The model was initialized bi-weekly from April through May, the highest months of larvae production in the Bahamas, with each model run occurring for a maximum of 180 days. The dispersal kernel for the Bahamas was calculated to be an average of 100-300 km, indicating that the larvae released within its boundaries typically settled there as well. Due to the long pelagic larval duration, larval particles were able to travel extensive distances, averaging trajectories covering distances of 4000 km and greater from the source locations. Yet, those same larval particles still settled in locations within the Bahamas, suggesting local retention, which varies from the common perception that lobster in the Bahamas originate elsewhere. This knowledge can be used to assess and perhaps reevaluate conservation and management strategies related to the Bahamian P. argus fishery, including the implementation of MPAs and/or MPA networks, input and output management controls, and other management tools.
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Zito, Adrianna. "Examination of the Allee effect on postlarval recruitment and post-settlement survival in the Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus". Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1202409437/.
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Boucher, Monique. "Potential of a trap-fishery for the spiny lobster Palinurus delagoae off eastern South Africa : has the stock recovered?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7488.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 35-40)An experimental trap fishery for the deep-water lobster spiny lobster Palinurus delagoae commenced in 2004, and was run until 2006. Data collected by on-board scientific observers were used to explore fishing effort, catches and catch per unit effort. The recent data were compared with those for a previous experiment conducted in 1994-1997, which apparently contributed to the collapse of the stock, to determine whether the stock had recovered and could sustain a trap fishery. There was a demonstrable recovery of the P. delagoae stock after the previous stock collapse, according to the catch rates and the size composition of catches between 2004-2006. However, catches of P. delagoae declined between 2004-2006. This was related to decreases in effort and in catch per unit effort over the three years. This, and a simultaneous decline in the by-catch of P. delagoae in the prawn trawl fishery off KwaZulu-Natal, suggests that the P. delagoae stock is extremely vulnerable to concomitant trawl and trap fishing. It is recommended that trap fishing should either be permitted at low levels of effort and catch only, or once more be suspended to allow the resource to recover.
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Luna, Soledad [Verfasser], Uta [Akademischer Betreuer] Berger, Volker [Gutachter] Grimm y Thomas [Gutachter] Berendonk. "Population Dynamics And Factors Affecting Spiny Lobster Small Scale Fisheries / Soledad Luna ; Gutachter: Volker Grimm, Thomas Berendonk ; Betreuer: Uta Berger". Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://d-nb.info/116087512X/34.
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Eggleston, David Bryan. "Stock enhancement of Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus Latrielle, using artificial shelters: Patterns of survival and dynamics of shelter selection". W&M ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616639.
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Field tethering experiments in seagrass beds of Bahia de la Ascension, Mexico examined the impact of different-sized artificial shelters upon survival of three juvenile size-classes of the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus. The artificial shelters were concrete structures (casitas) that simulate lobster dens. In the tethering experiments, spiny lobster survival was generally higher in smaller than larger casitas, though the effect depended upon the relationship between lobster and shelter size. Thus, spiny lobster survival depends not only upon the availability of shelter, but also on the scaling between shelter size and lobster size. These results suggest that placement of appropriately-scaled artificial shelters in nursery habitats where natural shelter is scarce is likely to augement habitat carrying capacity and therefore lobster production by increasing protection from predators. Field enclosure experiments examined the effects of spiny lobster size, social condition (i.e. presence or absence of conspecifics), shelter size, and predation risk (i.e. presence or absence of a major predator, the nurse shark Ginglyostoma cirratum) upon den choice by juvenile and adult P. argus. to corroborate the findings of the enclosure experiments, seasonal, size-specific abundance patterns of P. argus were quantified in the field by deploying artificial lobster shelters (casitas) of different sizes in two habitats that differed primarily in the potential for gregarious interactions. The experimental and observational field results were strikingly similar. Social condition and the scaling of lobster size to shelter size jointly regulated den choice patterns of adult and juvenile Panulirus argus in the field experiments and observations; lobsters also displayed marked size-specific behavioral flexibility in den choice according to social condition and predation risk. When conspecific densities and predation risk were low, lobsters resided primarily in smaller shelters; when conspecific densities were high and predation risk was low, lobsters resided predominantly in large shelters offering the highest potential for gregariousness; and, when predation risk was high, irrespective of conspecific densities, lobsters shifted to gregarious habitation in smaller, safer shelters. Hence, this study provides an empirical and conceptual framework for identifying how variations in the availability of resources, such as conspecifics and appropriately scaled refuges, influence the distribution and abundance of social, shelter-dwelling species.
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Truelove, Nathan. "The conservation genetics of ecologically and commercially important coral reef species". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-conservation-genetics-of-ecologically-and-commercially-important-coralreef-species(8195a828-2305-430c-9997-548030e417ca).html.
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Identifying the extent to which coral reef species are connected by dispersal is a fundamental challenge for developing marine conservation strategies. Many coral reef species are relatively sedentary as adults, yet have a pelagic larval phase where larvae can potentially be widely dispersed by ocean currents. This thesis focuses on the role of ocean currents in driving spatially explicit patterns of population connectivity among ecologically and commercially important coral reef species by combining research tools from population genetics, oceanography, and biophysical modeling. Despite the substantial differences among the life histories of each coral reef species in this thesis, some similarities in connectivity patterns were found among all species. The results of the kinship and genetic outlier analyses consistently found high levels of connectivity among distant populations separated by hundreds to thousands of kilometers. Despite the high levels of connectivity among distant populations, there was substantial variation in gene flow among the populations of each species. The findings of this thesis highlight the importance of international cooperation for the sustainable management of ecologically and commercially important coral reef species in the Caribbean. In conclusion, the findings of this thesis suggest that marine conservation strategies should conservatively plan for uncertainty, particularly since the many of ecological and physical drivers of connectivity among coral reef species in the Caribbean remain uncertain.
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Simpson, Lunden A. "Carcinonemertes conanobrieni| A Nemertean Parasite Infecting the Caribbean Spiny Lobster, Panulirus argus| Species Description, Host-Use, and Effect on Host Reproductive Health". Thesis, Clemson University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10816034.
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Marine ecosystems are one of the world’s most heavily used and valuable natural systems. However, over the past decades, they have seen changes in the oceans’ pH, temperature, salinity, and other abiotic factors - all of which appear to have impacted the health of these systems, and there seems to be a global trend indicating that diseases in marine environments are emerging at an increased rate. Infection by a disease can result in a variety of negative effects on the health of a host, all of which are especially relevant in instances where commercially important hosts are infected. Disease can lead to changes in growth, longevity, reproduction, embryo survival, and marketability of a host. One ecologically and commercially important species that appears to have been impacted by this trend of increased disease emergence is the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus. Panulirus argus plays host to a number of previously described and newly emergent pathogens. However, here, a new species of nemertean worm belonging to the genus Carcinonemertes is described from egg masses of P. argus from the Florida Keys, Florida, USA. Though P. argus ranges throughout the Caribbean, this worm has thus far only been observed infecting gravid female lobsters in the Florida Keys. This is the first species of Carcinonemertes reported to infect P. argus or any other lobster species in the greater Caribbean and western Atlantic Ocean. To determine the host use, infection prevalence, and infection intensity of this new parasite on P. argus , male, non-gravid female, and gravid female lobsters were captured along the Florida Key reef tract from and examined for infection. Furthermore, infected gravid females were also used in estimating the impact that infection by this nemertean had on three levels of reproductive performance (reproductive output, fecundity, and brood mortality).
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Nizinski, Martha. "Caribbean spiny lobster and their molluscan prey: Are top-down forces key in structuring prey assemblages in a Florida Bay seagrass system". W&M ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616795.
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Relative importance of predator-prey dynamics and several environmental variables in structuring gastropod and bivalve diversity and distribution was investigated in the subtropical seagrass and macroalgal community of Florida Bay, a highly productive system and primary nursery and foraging ground for finfish and invertebrate predators, including the numerically dominant Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus. The molluscan assemblage, a primary food source for P. argus in particular, is speciose (75 gastropod and 25 bivalve species) and a significant component of epifaunal and infaunal invertebrate assemblages within Florida Bay. Two experimental areas, located within separate basins and each comprised of two experimental sites, were selected within Everglades National Park. Each site consisted of an array of four replicates of each of four structural treatments designed to manipulate predator abundances and composition. The predator guild associated with experimental structures was monitored at periodic intervals (July 1993 to Aug. 1995), at which time benthic suction samples were taken to evaluate diversity, abundance, and distribution of the molluscan assemblage. Experimental areas were significantly different from each other and were representative of separate subenvironments within Florida Bay. Predator abundances were successfully manipulated locally; experimental structures providing more overhead cover attracted significantly more predators. Predator densities were representative of naturally occurring fauna utilizing seagrass beds rather than abnormally high densities reported in studies utilizing artificial reefs. No significant predation impacts by lobster and finfishes on abundance and species richness of the molluscan assemblage were observed. Predation by P. argus and finfishes did not structure gastropod and bivalve mollusc assemblages in these habitats. Area differences, however, had some influence on prey abundance and diversity given the consistent significant area effects prevalent throughout the data. Moreover, lobsters at densities recorded in this study, can not be considered a keystone or even dominant predator in this system Predation in Florida Bay, as in other tropical and sub-tropical systems, is differentiated in time and space, probably due to habitat heterogeneity, spatial and temporal variability in predator and prey abundances, high diversity of prey, and other factors. The Florida Bay benthic community is likely influenced through bottom-up or physical factors and microhabitat characteristics.
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Stockhausen, William T. "The impact of marine reserves on exploited species with complex life histories: a modeling study using the Caribbean spiny lobster in Exuma Sound, Bahamas". W&M ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616923.
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Most benthic invertebrates and reef-associated fish undergo a dispersive, planktonic larval stage prior to settlement and metamorphosis into the juvenile and adult stages. In some species, settlement may be decoupled from adult abundance at local spatial scales if hydrodynamic conditions or larval behavior do not promote local retention. Similarly, spatial variability in postsettlement mortality or secondary dispersal by juveniles and adults may decouple spatial patterns of adult abundance from those of settlement. as a consequence, spatial patterns of settlement and adult abundance may be functionally related in a complex fashion. Whether biotic/environmental factors control spatial patterns of abundance may have profound implications for conservation of exploited benthic marine species, particularly when patterns of exploitation are themselves spatially structured as they are under management by marine reserves. As part of this dissertation, a spatially-explicit population dynamics model for the Caribbean spiny lobster in Exuma Sound, Bahamas was developed. The model is stage- and age-structured, and features dispersal of larvae from hatching sites via advection by hydrodynamic currents and diffusion, active migration of postlarvae into shallow nursery habitats, density-dependent survival and dispersal of benthic life-history stages (juveniles and adults), size-specific fecundity, and spatially-explicit exploitation rates. The population dynamics model was used heuristically to investigate the joint effects of reserve design (i.e., size, location, number), exploitation, population regulation and larval dispersal via hydrodynamic currents on population abundance and fishery yield. Principal findings were that fishery yield and larval production were idiosyncratic functions of reserve size, substantially influenced by interactions between current patterns and reserve location. Also, management strategies which implemented a single large reserve outperformed those using a network of small reserves, a reduction in total effort, or no action whatsoever. Results support the efficacy of marine reserves as a tool for rebuilding overexploited marine populations and creating sustainable fisheries. However, haphazard reserve creation may lead to a false sense of security, and poorly-designed reserves can perform worse than taking no action at all. Thus, designing successful marine reserves requires knowledge of local and regional patterns of hydrodynamic transport and larval dispersal, as well as other species' life-history characteristics.
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Gomez-Jimenez, Silva. "Some physiological and immunological responses of the spiny lobster, Panulirus interruptus (Randall, 1840), to practices used in its live marketing in the Baja California fishery". Thesis, University of Hull, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301034.
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Spitzer, Nadja. "Identification and functional analysis of crustacean serotonin receptors". unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07192006-121025/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2006.Title from title screen. Donald H. Edwards, committee chair; Deborah J. Baro, co-chair; Charles D. Derby, Larry J. Young, committee members. Electronic text (182 p. : ill. (some col.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed May 21, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-182).
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Castro, Francker Duarte de. "Implica??es socioecon?micas e ambientais da pesca artesanal de lagosta em Touros/RN". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18240.
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As sociedades humanas sempre se utilizaram dos recursos naturais marinhos como aporte seguro para diversas finalidades, dentre elas, a aquisi??o de alimentos e a gera??o de renda para garantir sua sobreviv?ncia e reprodu??o social. Na conjuntura atual, a pesca artesanal de lagostas espinhosas das esp?cies Panulirus argus (lagosta-vermelha) e Panulirus laevicauda (lagosta-verde) representa uma das principais atividades econ?micas do estado Rio Grande do Norte, constituindo-se na principal fonte de renda de muitas comunidades pesqueiras. No estado, o munic?pio de Touros desponta como o segundo maior produtor do crust?ceo. Contudo, a introdu??o de instrumentos e de t?cnicas predat?rias de pesca, aliada a ado??o da mentalidade capitalista, veem causando transforma??es que se repercutem diretamente na socioeconomia e no meio ambiente dessas comunidades, a exemplo da sobrepesca dos estoques pesqueiros. Assim, o presente estudo possui como objetivo principal analisar a pesca artesanal de lagosta no munic?pio de Touros/RN, considerando os efeitos e as transforma??es decorrentes do uso das t?cnicas de captura sobre a socioeconomia e o meio ambiente. Como objetivos espec?ficos buscaram-se: caracterizar socioeconomicamente a pesca e os pescadores artesanais de lagosta da ?rea em estudo; identificar as pr?ticas e t?cnicas mais utilizadas para a pesca de lagosta correlacionando-as com a sobrepesca e as transforma??es socioecon?micas; determinar os fatores ou mecanismos que vem impulsionando os pescadores artesanais a utilizarem t?cnicas predat?rias na pesca de lagosta, bem como seus efeitos sobre o meio ambiente; identificar as formas de adapta??o dos pescadores artesanais quanto ?s novas condi??es ambientais e socioecon?micas. Para tanto, fez-se uso da pesquisa bibliogr?fica, da observa??o de campo, do registro fotogr?fico, da aplica??o de 86 entrevistas estruturadas e da an?lise de conte?do. Os resultados apontam que os pescadores de lagostas s?o homens de idade avan?ada, casados, com baixo grau de escolaridade e de rendimento financeiro, bem como demonstram o car?ter inst?vel e predat?rio dessa modalidade de pesca. Verificou-se tamb?m que a marginaliza??o social dos pescadores, aliada ?s dificuldades de sobreviv?ncia impostas pelo capitalismo e a ineficiente fiscaliza??o governamental, constituem os fatores preponderantes para o uso das t?cnicas ilegais apontadas. Al?m disso, os resultados mostram que as adapta??es ?s novas condi??es ambientais podem ser positivas no que tange ao aumento da renda e negativas no que se refere ao meio ambiente. Logo, para mitigar os problemas sociais e ambientais ? necess?rio que o Estado priorize o desenvolvimento de pol?ticas direcionadas aos pescadores e a pesca que abarquem tanto as dimens?es de assist?ncia financeira e profissional, quanto uma maior rigidez no que concerne ao sistema de fiscaliza??o e gerenciamento
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Nauen, Jennifer Claire. "Biomechanics of two aquatic defense systems : 1. The scaling of tail-flip kinematics and force production by the California spiny lobster Panulirus interruptus : 2. Shear sensitivity and interspecific variation in flow-stimulated dinoflagellate bioluminescence /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9823710.
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Tolomei, Anthony James. "Microbial control in larval southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) and Artemia". Thesis, 2005. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/22164/1/whole_TolomeiAnthonyJames2005_thesis.pdf.
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Oliver, MD. "Biological feasibility of spiny lobster Jasus edqardsii stock enhancement". Thesis, 2007. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/21086/7/Oliver_whole_thesis_ex_pub_mat.pdf.
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The highly valued spiny lobster or southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsil) found in South Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand presents a challenging candidate for aquaculture and stock enhancement efforts. Despite their gregarious nature and high survival in captivity, the protracted larval phase makes commercial-scale hatchery production of seed unfeasible. Therefore, the recently settled juvenile stage, or puerulus, must be trapped in the wild for on-growing in captivity. This puerulus harvest effectively increases exploitation and the conditions of harvest dictate that a proportion of juveniles must be returned to the wild after one year to maintain biological neutrality.
Maintaining animals in captivity for lengthy periods, however, can disrupt behavioural development and contribute to high mortality after release into the wild. Research presented here investigates the influence captivity has on the pre- and post-release behaviour of juvenile spiny lobsters and how this may impact the success of reseeding efforts and the related goal of increasing productivity through stock enhancement.
Juvenile lobsters reared in captivity without predators and fed by day displayed significantly higher levels of daytime activity than their wild counterparts. This behaviour could be manipulated with the addition of predators or night time feeding. Neither training method was necessary, however, because released lobsters resumed normal nocturnal activity and displayed appropriate anti-predator behaviour.
Tethering experiments found predation was greatest in the first two hours after release and in the crepuscular period of the following morning. High predation was likely caused by the attraction of diverpositive fish species during release and high predator activity during crepuscular periods.
Midnight observations of foraging distances and acoustic tracking over successive days, found that released lobsters moved similar distances to like-sized wild lobsters and recorded a strong association between den or area fidelity and the presence of conspecifics.
Preliminary tank-based experiments to determine the potential for displacement of wild lobsters by released lobsters found that although released lobsters displayed a significant preference for crowding into the same dens as wild animals, disturbance of wild lobsters was minimal.
Behavioural changes induced by on-growing in captivity do not appear to influence post-release behaviour or survival. Refined release protocols are likely to substantially reduce initial predation and increase site fidelity where there is an abundance of suitable habitat on contiguous reef. The overall conclusion is that reseeding to compensate for puerulus harvest should lead to enhancement of wild populations with concurrent investigation and improvement of release protocols.
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Richards, TJ. "The role of information systems and technology : an integrative approach to managing the Tasmanian rock lobster industry". Thesis, 2005. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/21381/1/whole_RichardsTristanJane2005_thesis.pdf.
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This thesis is about the role of information systems and technology (IS/IT) in the seafood industry. The topic is part of an ongoing research initiative driven by the Tasmanian Rock Lobster Fishermen's Association (TRLF A) to gain a better understanding of rock lobster supply chains, product and information flows, price formation, market trends and business cultures. Limited understanding of such issues may explain a widely held perception among members of the Association that fishers and processors are 'price takers' for a scarce and valued commodity. In trying to develop their knowledge of supply chains, the TRLF A has sought IS/IT solutions to improve market access, and communication and information flows, and to allow its members more often to be 'price makers'. The overarching aim of this research has been to create strategies to ensure a viable and sustainable future for the industry. Two novel IS/IT models are developed and tested via consultation with key stakeholders, who have provided feedback on the cases and helped to verify assumptions about the supply chain. Using data modelling techniques, current and future industry supply chains are mapped. An industry profile is established using an analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT analysis). One particular IS/IT model, including a strategic plan for the Tasmanian rock lobster industry, is then recommended on the basis of Critical Success Factor (CSF) analysis. The work is indebted to numerous theories, methodologies and techniques from qualitative social research and information systems; an understanding of fisheries policy is also important to the project. This multi-disciplinary approach reflects my conviction that an integrative approach to the management of the Tasmanian rock lobster industry is central to sustainable outcomes. In the final analysis, the salience of the research goes beyond making improvements to supply chain management. Hence, attention is also paid to the fact that the Tasmanian rock lobster industry has played a significant part in the social and economic development of the island state. The industry has, in fact, provided a reason for the existence of small rural towns and communities there; however these communities have become increasingly affected by the mixed effects of globalisation and the rationalisation of businesses and technologies, making them sometimes highly dependent upon resource extraction, a situation which underscores the need to create new and appropriate management strategies that reduce dependency on exogenous forces and influences.
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Porter, Lauren Reeves Robert H. "The microbiology and pathology of shell disease in the Florida spiny lobster, Panulirus argus with a comparison to shell disease in the American lobster, Homarus americanus". 2004. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07192004-122929.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2004.Advisor: Dr. Robert H. Reeves, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Biological Science. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 23, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.
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Bermudes, M. "Environmental physiology of cultured early-stage southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii Hutton, 1875) larvae". Thesis, 2002. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/19145/1/whole_BermudesMichelFrancoisMarie2002_thesis.pdf.
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The aim of this project was to define more clearly the culture conditions for the propagation of the southern rock lobster (Jasus echvardsii) in relation to environmental bioenergetic constraints.
The effects of temperature and photoperiod on the first three stages of development were first studied in small-scale culture experiments. Larvae reared at 18°C developed faster and reached a larger size at stage IV than larvae cultured at 14°C. Development through stage II was shorter under continuous light. However, the pattern of response to photoperiod shifted at stage III when growth was highest in all the light/dark phase treatments than under continuous light.
The influence of temperature and light intensity in early-stage larvae was further investigated through behavioural and physiological studies. Results obtained in stages I, II and III larvae indicated an energetic imbalance at high temperature (~22°C). The behavioural response of stage I larvae to light intensity suggested that light may be used to control behaviour in culture conditions. Early-stage larvae showed higher oxygen consumption, nitrogen excretion, and feed intake under light than in the dark. This may be due to the demonstrated increased activity under light conditions.
A technique based on the chemical immobilisation of larvae was developed to assess the effect of temperature on the standard metabolic rate and the energetic cost of swimming in phyllosomas. Estimates of larval locomotor activity at different temperatures obtained through measurements of oxygen consumption were in agreement with behavioural response under the same conditions.
The water quality requirements off. edwardsii larvae were determined for dissolved oxygen, salinity, and ammonia. A critical oxygen tension of `4.3` `ml` `O_2` `1^-1` was found for stage I larvae at 18°C. Stage I larvae were found to be stenohaline and a 3 ppt departure from normal salinity (34 ppt) during culture had a significant effect on growth. The cost of osmoregulation was examined in newly-hatched larvae and in stage I phyllosomas acclimated or not to sub-normal salinities. Safe levels of total ammonia concentration determined for stages I, II, III, and IV were `2.65` `mg` `1^-1`, `3.83` `mg` `1^-1`, `4.37` `mg` `1^-1`, and `2.98` `mg` `1^-1`, respectively.
The results documented throughout this thesis highlighted the significance of environmental manipulation to achieve greater survival and growth during the larval development of J. edwardsii. In addition, information on the environmental physiology and behaviour of early-stage larvae provided an insight into an integrated approach, which at term will allow for the definition of system and dietary requirements of all developmental stages.
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Mills, DJ. "Sustainable harvest of lobster pueruli : a way forward for rock lobster aquaculture". Thesis, 2005. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/20916/13/Mills_whole_thesis_ex_pub_mat.pdf.
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A major impediment to the development of spiny lobster aquaculture has been the inability to rear lobsters from eggs, through the delicate larval stages, to the settling puerulus stage. An alternative is to harvest pueruli from the wild for commercial on-growing. However, wild harvest of pueruli can potentially have a deleterious effect on the adult lobster fishery. Research presented here investigates both the feasibility and sustainability of an industry based on the harvest of southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) pueruli.
Pueruli were found to settle on a diverse range of substrata. Cheap, lightweight puerulus collectors constructed from readily available materials, such as trawl netting and shade cloth, proved to be significantly more cost-effective for large-scale harvest than collectors currently in use for scientific monitoring of puerulus settlement.
A system of 'reseeding' wild habitat with hatchery-reared juveniles was evaluated as a method of ensuring sustainability of wild populations. Reseeding involves the release of a portion of ongrown ( na'ive) juveniles after one year to compensate for those that would have survived in the wild, and its success is predicated on high survival among released juveniles.
Naive juvenile lobsters tracked acoustically behaved in a similar manner to wild animals, sheltering in appropriate hides during the day, often co-habiting with wild conspecifics, and then moving at night. The highest levels of activity occurred in the 12 h following release, while the distances moved by individual lobsters declined rapidly after this initial period. Stomach contents of tracked lobsters recaptured after 11 days revealed that na'ive lobsters adapted well to wild food sources, although their diet differed from that of wild lobsters.
Mortality rates of tethered juvenile lobsters varied substantially between sites in southeastern Tasmania. However, these differences were not significant once results were corrected for experimental artefacts associated with differences in the predator assemblages among sites. Video footage of tethering trials showed that large wrasse and small octopus were the major predators of juvenile lobsters. Crabs and large lobsters also captured tethered juveniles, however experiments in a mesocosm showed that these captures were artefacts of tethering.
Survival of naive lobsters estimated from mark-recapture trials was generally equivalent to that of tagged wild lobsters. An exception was where lobsters were released onto a small area of isolated patch-reef. Here, naive lobsters tended to ignore reef boundaries, moving away from shelter and onto sand. These results suggest that by following simple criteria in the selection of release sites, mortality among released naive lobsters is minimal, and equivalent to that of wild juveniles at the same stage. The overall conclusion is that reseeding is an effective method of compensating for puerulus harvest.