Tesis sobre el tema "Sporozoïde"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte los 42 mejores tesis para su investigación sobre el tema "Sporozoïde".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Explore tesis sobre una amplia variedad de disciplinas y organice su bibliografía correctamente.
Silvie, Olivier. "CD81 et microdomaines enrichis en tétraspanines : rôle dans l'infection des hépatocytes par plasmodium". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011596.
Texto completoLanglois, Anne-Claire. "Caractérisation des déterminants moléculaires impliqués dans l'entrée des sporozoïtes de Plasmodium dans les cellules hépatocytaires". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS235.
Texto completoSporozoite forms of the malaria parasite Plasmodium are transmitted by mosquitoes and first infect the liver for an initial round of replication. The molecular mechanisms of sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes remain poorly understood. Two receptors of the Hepatitis C virus (HCV), the tetraspanin CD81 and the Scavenger Receptor BI (SR-BI), play an important role during entry of Plasmodium sporozoites into hepatocytic cells. CD81 and SR-BI operate independently during malaria liver infection, and receptor usage differs between different Plasmodium species. More recently, another HCV entry factor, the Ephrin receptor A2 (EphA2), was reported to play a key role during malaria liver infection. Using different inhibition techniques, we show that blocking EphA2 has no significant impact on P. yoelii or P. berghei host cell infection, irrespective of the entry pathway. On the other hand, our work revealed that murine SR-BI is poorly functional during P. berghei infection as compared to its human counterpart. Using a structure-guided strategy, we were able to locate the functional region of human SR-BI to the apical helices, suggesting that this region of the molecule could interact with sporozoite ligands. Altogether, these results pave the way toward a better characterization of the molecular mechanisms involved in Plasmodium sporozoite entry into hepatocytes
Humphreys, Georgina Sarah. "Factors affecting Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite formation in Anopheles mosquitoes". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1750/.
Texto completoMead, Jan Renee. "Cryptosporidium: Isolate variation and humoral responses to sporozoite antigens". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184391.
Texto completoFormaglio, Pauline. "Comment les sporozoïtes Plasmodium franchissent-ils les barrières endothéliales ?" Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077190.
Texto completoMalaria, one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world, is initiated when an Anopheles mosquito inoculates Plasmodium sporozoites into the skin of a mammalian host. Some of these parasites then actively cross the wall of dermal blood vessels and gain access to the bloodstream. They next reach the liver, exit the circulation and infect hepatocytes, giving rise to, numerous merozoites, which initiate the symptoms of the disease. Here, the mechanisms underlying the passage of sporozoites across the wall of blood Ivessels, in the skin and in the liver, were investigated using bioluminescence imaging and intravital microscopy in rodent models of malaria. It was first demonstrated that most sporozoites invade blood vessels speedily following heir inoculation in the skin and that deep general anesthesia can inhibit this, process. Preferential sites of sporozoite entry were next identified along the ascular tree. These sites, where multiple events of blood vessel invasion occurred independently of local parasite density, were associated with the presence of Flk1-CD31-CD146+ pericytes. A functional assay enabling the detection of sporozoite cell traversai activity showed that only —30% of the invasion events were associated with traversai of endothelial or perivascular cells. In addition, evidence suggesting that most sporozoites use a paracellular route to enter blood vessels was obtained. Passage across the liver sinusoidal barrier was, on the contrary, associated with cell traversai in —80% of the events and could involve endothelial cells, Kupffer cells or both. Ln addition, cell traversai was found to allow sporozoites to escape clearance by Kupffer cells
Mauduit, Marjorie. "Le rôle de la protéine Circumsporozoïte dans l'immunité anti-stade pré-érythrocytaire de Plasmodium". Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066482.
Texto completoKreutzfeld, Oriana. "Pre-clinical evaluation and improvement of attenuated malaria sporozoite vaccine candidates". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/20968.
Texto completoMalaria vaccine candidates providing both safety and efficacy against pre-erythrocytic stages remain largely elusive. Experimental immunizations with live genetically attenuated parasites (GAPs) preventing the development beyond the clinically silent liver stage have proven safe and efficacious. GAP vaccine candidate ΔSLARP, provides the most robust life cycle arrest, however, immunizations do not elicit long-lasting immunity. In contrast, ΔP36p/P36 sporozoites elicit long-lasting immunity, but lead to breakthrough infections during immunizations. This study gives a systematic pre-clinical evaluation of a triple knockout (tKO) GAP by combining ΔSLARP and ΔP36p/P36. Complete arrest of tKO parasites in cultured hepatoma cells and sporozoite-infected mice was confirmed, but time to blood infection after a sporozoite challenge revealed reduced efficacy of the tKO vaccine. While superior immunity can be achieved by a late developmental arrest at liver-to-blood stage conversion, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. An important question is whether parasite antigens are exposed to the hepatocyte cytoplasm. Protein translocation into the host cell cytoplasm mediated by PTEX, a protein translocon, is absent during liver stage maturation as a core component of PTEX, Heat-shock-protein 101 (HSP101), is not expressed. To clarify the role of HSP101 in liver stage protein export transgenic HSP101 expressing Plasmodium berghei parasites were generated. Parasites expressing elevated levels of HSP101 show severe liver stage growth defects in vitro and in vivo, lack early liver stage export and inferior protection in immunized animals. Our results suggest that HSP101 expression is tightly controlled and PTEX dependent early liver stage export cannot be restored solely by HSP101 overexpression. Overall, pre-clinical analysis and improvement of GAP-based vaccine candidates can inform on-going human vaccine trials and boost malaria vaccine development.
Combe, Audrey. "Entrée et développement des sporozoïtes de plasmodium dans les cellules hôtes". Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077196.
Texto completoMalaria remains one of the most deadly infectious diseases in the world. The symptomatic phase is due to the multiplication of the parasite inside red blood cells of the host. This blood phase is preceded by the so-called pre-erythrocytic phase, which occurs mostly in the liver of the host. During the latter phase, the sporozoite stage of the parasite is injected into the host skin by a mosquito, invades hepatocytes and generates the merozoite stage that invades erythrocytes. During my thesis, I focused on various aspects of entry and development of the Plasmodium sporozoite in host cells, using a rodent model of infection. First, we characterized a novel protein that is necessary for the motility of the sporozoite and its capacity to invade the mosquito salivary glands. This protein, called TREP, is a new member of the family of proteins that link the substrate to the parasite motor. Second, we examined the role of actin in the host cell during the entry of Plasmodium sporozoites and Toxoplasma tachyzoites. In contrast to the commonly accepted model of a host cell playing no active role during zoite entry, our results showed that zoites induce actin polymerization in the host cell specifically at the zoite-host cell junction. Finally, we established a new conditional mutagenesis procedure in Plasmodium, based on the Flp/FRT System of yeast, for addressing the function of parasite essential genes in the pre-eryhtrocytic stages (sporozoite and intra-hepatocytic). Using this technique, we showed that the MSP-1 protein, which is essential for merozoite invasion of erythrocytes, is also essential for the formation of merozoites from the intra-hepatocytic stage of the parasite
Topçu, Selma. "Infection des hépatocytes par Plasmodium : rôle des protéines de micronèmes des sporozoïtes". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066080/document.
Texto completoInfection with the Plasmodium parasite begins with the injection of sporozoites by an Anopheles mosquito. The first target is the liver where the parasite replicates as a pre-requisite to the development of pathogenic blood stage infection. In the liver, sporozoites penetrate hepatocytes forming a parasitophorous vacuole in which the parasite multiplies. This step, the productive invasion, involves parasitic factors and host proteins, particularly CD81, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. To facilitate monitoring of sporozoite invasion, we generated novel transgenic fluorescent parasites, using a new selection strategy named GOMO (gene out marker out) in the rodent parasite P. yoelii. The use of this transgenic parasite and of host cell lines permissive or not to infection, has allowed us to better characterize the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved during invasion. We have confirmed that the productive invasion is preceded by a cell traversal phase. We discovered and characterized the formation of transient vacuoles during this step, before formation of the parasitophorous vacuole. Our results uncovered that the perforin-like protein (PLP1) mediates sporozoite egress from transient vacuoles and escape from degradation by the cell lysosomes. Once activated, the sporozoites switch from the mode of cell traversal to productive invasion. We show that CD81 plays a role in the productive invasion. CD81 is necessary to induce the secretion of rhoptries proteins, involved in the formation of the moving junction, a structure through which the parasite glides to enter the cell. We could also show that another hepatocyte protein, SR-B1 (scavenger receptor B1), defines a CD81-independent pathway for P. berghei and P. vivax infection. Using an original genetic approach, we have shown that two sporozoite micronemal proteins, P52 and P36, play a role in the entry via CD81 and SR-B1, and highlighted a functional link between P36 and entry via SR-B1. Finally, we have developed several genetic approaches to target ama1 gene in P. yoelii, which encodes a protein involved in the formation of the moving junction. Altogether, our results contribute to improve our understanding of the mechanisms of sporozoite invasion, and open interesting perspectives for the development of novel vaccine strategies
Späth, Stephan-Stanislaw. "Molecular basis of cell invasion by malarial sporozoites". Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077003.
Texto completoApicomplexa are a large phylum of protists containing important human pathogens such as Plasmodium and Toxoplasma. A conserved feature of host cell invasion by Apicomplexa is the formation of an intimate contact between the parasite and host cell, called zoite cell junction (ZJC), which is thought to act as a stationary transmembrane bridge that connects the motor of the parasite and the cytoskeleton of the host cell. The molecular nature of the ZCJ, however, remains unknown. In recent years, many studies on the Toxoplasma tachyzoite have suggested that the ZCJ contains a complex between the AMA1 and RON proteins (conserved in Apicomplexa). Part of my PhD work consisted in making GFP protein fusions for these proteins. The major project was to test the role of AMA1 and RON4 proteins in the Plasmodium merozoite, which invades erythrocytes, and sporozoite, which is injected by the mosquito and invades host hepatocytes. I generated Plasmodium berghei conditional mutants for AMA1 and RON4. These genetically silenced parasites, showed that both AMA1 and RON4 are important for merozoite invasion, while only RON4, but not AMA1, is important for sporozoite invasion, indicating that RON4 functions independently of AMA1. These data suggest that during host cell invasion by apicomplexan zoites, AMA1 does not act at the ZCJ but rather promotes zoite adhesion, while RON4, and presumably other RON proteins, are important in thé subsequent steps of ZCJ formation and/or stability. The non-essential nature of AMA1 as a ZCJ component indicates that another protein may play this role and TRAP is the leading candidate
Roth, Alison E. "A Multivariate Approach for an Improved Assessment of Pre-erythrocytic Stage Therapies Targeting Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum". Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7641.
Texto completoRenaux, Sophie. "Eimeria du lapin : étude de la migration extra-intestinale du sporozoïte et du développement de l'immunité protectrice". Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR3802.
Texto completoWilliamson, Susanna Margaret. "A Theileria annulata sporozoite surface antigen as a potential vaccine for tropical theileriosis". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/30045.
Texto completoYalaoui, Samir. "Rôle de protéines de l'hépatocyte dans sa permissivité à l'infection par les sporozoïtes de Plasmodium". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066121.
Texto completoDardé, Marie-Laure. "Contribution à la caractérisation de Toxoplasma Gondii : étude isoenzymatique". Limoges, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIMO101A.
Texto completoLacroix-Gimon, Céline. "Etude des bases moléculaires du pouvoir infectieux de Plasmodium". Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077141.
Texto completoThe causing agent of malaria, the Plasmodium parasite, is transmitted to a mammalian host during a bite by a fernale Anopheles mosquito. The sporozoite, is inoculated into the skin by the mosquitoes, gets access to the bloodstream, stops in the liver, and invades hepatocytes. Inside a hepatocyte, one sporozoite develops into thousands of merozoites, the parasite form that multiplies inside erythrocytes and causes the symptoms of the disease. The sporozoite interacts with host cells in two possible ways : it can traverse the cell by gliding inside its cytoplasm (cell traversal), or invade the cell inside a parasitophorous vacuole and develop therein into the next parasite stage (cell invasion). During my PhD, I have worked on the molecular bases of these two processes. We first demonstrated that the protein TLP (Trap-like protein), does not play a role in sporozoite cell traversal in the skin, but acts in sporozoite motility and/or cell invasion in the liver. We also characterized a novel protein, called GEST (Gamete Egress sporozoite traversal), which plays an important role during sporozoite cell traversal as well as during the egress of sexual stages from their host erythrocyte. To devise better strategies to study sporozoite cell invasion, which implicates proteins that are not specific to the sporozoite stage, we developed a conditional mutagenesis technique. Using this technique we analyzed the functions of the AMAl and RON4 proteins in the sporozoite, two proteins currently considered to constitute the junction that forms between the invading zoite an the host cell during invasion. Our data show that, while RON4 is indeed essential to the sporozoite, AMAl is not
Singer, Mirko [Verfasser] y Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Lanzer. "Timed genome editing and sporozoite formation in Plasmodium berghei / Mirko Singer ; Betreuer: Michael Lanzer". Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1177148919/34.
Texto completoWawerzinek, Peter. "Expression of parasite specific receptors on bovine leukocyte target cells for thelleria sporozoite binding". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213459.
Texto completoBoulter, Nicola Rosalind. "Assessment of SPAG-1. a sporozoite surface antigen of Theileria annulata, as a vaccine candidate". Thesis, University of York, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319450.
Texto completoGransagne, Marion. "Etude fonctionnelle et structurale de protéines impliquées dans l'invasion des cellules hépatocytaires par les sporozoïtes de Plasmodium". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066616/document.
Texto completoDuring my thesis, I was interested in the study of the hepatocyte invasion by Plasmodium. Several cellular receptors are involved, such as CD81 and SRB1, but the parasitic factors required were unknown until now. I tested different parasitic factors thanks to an invasion test of HepG2 or HepG2/CD81 cells with parasites complemented with different proteins. Following the identification of the 6 cystein protein P36 as a determinants of the entry pathway, I studied the structural determinants of this protein which are involved in the hepatocytes’ entry pathway. To this end, I complemented parasites knock-out for P36 with chimeric proteins constituted of domains of a parasite using both CD81 and SRB1, and domains from a parasite using only CD81. I showed that the second 6 cystein domain of P36 is decisive in the entry pathway choice.In order to study the P36 interactions with potential cellular receptors, I developed a production protocol of this protein in bacteria. I used the recombinant protein to test the interactions (ELISA and SPR) with potential receptors: CD81, SRB1, CD36, LIMP2, Epha2. Unfortunately, no interaction has been detected. Antibodies are in production, in order to test whether they are capable to block the hepatocyte invasion by Plasmodium. They will also be used to localize the protein in the parasite. In the end, I studied the polymorphisms of P36 in human parasites
Muthinja, Julianne Mendi [Verfasser] y Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Lanzer. "Dissecting the role of Plasmodium sporozoite curvature in gliding motility / Julianne Mendi Muthinja ; Betreuer: Michael Lanzer". Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/117769073X/34.
Texto completoMuthinja, Mendi [Verfasser] y Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Lanzer. "Dissecting the role of Plasmodium sporozoite curvature in gliding motility / Julianne Mendi Muthinja ; Betreuer: Michael Lanzer". Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-heidok-238616.
Texto completoBARRETO, Andreia Cunha. "Evaluation of humoral and cellular immune responses to P.berghei-based whole-sporozoite malaria vaccination in rhesus macaques". Master's thesis, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/97490.
Texto completoMalaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that remains one of the most impactful infectious diseases globally, killing thousands of people every year. Despite all efforts to control this disease, such as chemoprophylaxis and vector control measures, the lack of knowledge about the immune responses triggered by the Plasmodium parasite hinders the development of an urgently needed efective malaria vaccine. The asymptomatic and highly immunogenic nature of the liver stage of Plasmodium infection makes it an ideal target for malaria vaccine development. The Instituto de Medicina Molecular (IMM)’s Prudêncio lab has developed a new pre-erythrocytic whole-sporozoite malaria vaccine candidate, PbVac, in which the rodent P. berghei parasite expresses the highly immunogenic P. falciparum surface circumsporozoite protein (PfCS in order to promote PfCS-specific and cross-species immune responses that may protect against a subsequent P. falciparum infection. Pre-clinical studies in mouse and rabbit models of infection have shown that PbVac is able to infect and develop in hepatocytes without establishing a blood stage infection. In order to mimic what happens in the human liver, rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were used for a pre-clinical analysis of P. berghei wild-type (WT) and genetically modified PbVac sporozoites, as a strategy to induce immunity to P. falciparum. This study aims to investigate and compare the humoral and cellular-associated immune responses between immunized and non-immunized animals. First, the ability of PbWT sporozoites to infect rhesus macaque hepatocytes in vivo was confirmed. Subsequently, rhesus macaques were immunized by mosquito bite with PbVAC or PbWT and followed for 21 weeks, in parallel with non-immunized animals. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma were collected periodically, and liver cells and splenocytes were collected at euthanasia. A comparison between plasma pre- and post- 3 immunizations was performed to analyze humoral responses through quantification of specific IgGs for sporozoites. The compositions of the peripheral blood, liver and spleen immune compartments were analyzed by immunophenotyping, and specific cellular immune responses against PbVAC, PbWT and Pf sporozoites were assessed in PBMCs and liver cells by an intracellular cytokine assay.Immunizations were safe, with no relevant changes in the safety parameters evaluated, and no breakthrough infections were found. We show that both PbWT and PbVac immunizations are capable of eliciting a humoral response against the immunogen in monkeys. Importantly, the generation of anti-Pf sporozoites antibodies observed in PbVac- but not PbWT-immunized animals indicates that PfCS may play a significant role in humoral responses to the vaccine. As for the role of cellular immunity elicited by these immunizations, neither the overall phenotypic profile nor the magnitude and specificity of cellular responses to the immunization agents or to Pf were significanty altered upon immunization. In contrast to what some human trials have reported, we found no expansion of the γδ T cell population upon immunization. However we found phenotypic changes in innate lymphoid cells ILCs, which decreased significantly, and an increase in CD4+ T cells in PBMCs. Overall, our results indicate that PbVac immunization represents a safe vaccination platform that generates humoral immune responses to Pf. Additional manipulation of the PbVac immunization strategy, such as dose or mode of administration, may significantly enhance its humoral as well as cellular immune responses, thus contributing to the development of an efficient malaria vaccine.
Depinay, Nadya. "Événements immunologiques et physiologiques au stade pré-érythrocytaire de Plasmodium". Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066431.
Texto completoHarupa, Anke [Verfasser]. "Identification and functional analysis of novel sporozoite surface proteins in the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii / Anke Harupa". Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1069814989/34.
Texto completoGrüner, Anne Charlotte. "Diversité antigénique dex stades pré-érythrocytaires : caractérisation de 7 nouveaux antigènes exprimés sur le sporozoïte et dans le stade hépatique de Plasmodium falciparum". Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077135.
Texto completoSpreng, Benjamin Roman [Verfasser] y Friedrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Frischknecht. "The role of microtubules in Plasmodium berghei sporozoite development, morphology, motility and infectivity / Benjamin Roman Spreng ; Betreuer: Friedrich Frischknecht". Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1197235671/34.
Texto completoZanghi, Gigliola. "Epigenetic studies of plasmodium falciparum pre-erythrocytic stages". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066733/document.
Texto completoEpigenetic mechanisms control key processes during Plasmodium falciparum blood stage development such as antigenic variation, malaria pathogenesis and sexual commitment. However, the epigenetic landscape has not been reported for the sporozoites stage. To characterize epigenetic regulation in sporozoites, we tested the major epigenetic regulators P. falciparum Heterochromatin Protein 1 (PfHP1) and the histone lysine methyltransferases (PfSET6 and PfSET7) in P. falciparum sporozoites. I obtained a reliable genome-wide occupancy data for repressive heterochromatin and active euchromatin marks. Notably, I discovered an unprecedented stage specific mechanism of silencing, which represses several hundreds of genes, encoding parasite surface exported proteins. This is based on an expansion of facultative heterochromatin boundaries in sporozoites. Moreover, I demonstrate that a single member of the polymorphic var gene family, encoding the blood stage virulence factor PfEMP1, is expressed at the surface of sporozoites. This is in contrast to blood stages where PfEMP1 is transported to the erythrocyte surface participating in cytoadhesion. Overall, my findings rise new biological questions including what are the factors that regulate heterochromatin boundaries and what is the function of a virulence-associated surface antigen in sporozoites stage. My findings point to a putative function of this adhesion molecule in sporozoites migration. Moreover, the expression of a highly polymporphic and strain-specific antigen on the surface of sporozoites might provide a molecular explanation for the strain-specific protective immune response induced by attenuated sporozoites
Sá, Mónica da Silva. "Dissecting the molecular basis for the arrest of Plasmodium sporozoites in the liver sinusoids". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/18525.
Texto completoA malária é uma doença grave causada por parasitas do género Plasmodium e transmitida a mamíferos através da picada de um mosquito fêmea infetado do género Anopheles. A fase pré-eritrocitária do ciclo de vida dos parasitas é assintomática, englobando o percurso dos esporozoítos desde a pele até ao fígado, a sua multiplicação dentro de hepatócitos e libertação de merozoitos, as formas responsáveis pela infeção de eritrócitos. Uma etapa crucial para a infeção do fígado pelos esporozoítos envolve a retenção dos mesmos nos sinusoides. A proteína “thrombospondin-related adhesion protein” (TRAP) é a uma molécula candidata para a mediação deste evento, uma vez que esporozoítos “knockout” da TRAP não ficam retidos no fígado. Contudo, esta proteína possui uma estrutura complexa composta por domínios adesivos na sua porção extracelular, para além de estar ligada ao motor de actina-miosina do esporozoíto através do domínio citoplasmático em C terminal. Assim, de modo a explorar o papel da TRAP como mediador da retenção de esporozoítos no fígado, construímos parasitas bioluminescentes capazes de expressar a TRAP sem a cauda citoplasmática, uma vez que a deleção deste domínio torna os parasitas imóveis mas não altera a apresentação da proteína à superfície do esporozoíto. Como estes parasitas não conseguem invadir as glândulas salivares dos mosquitos e portanto maturarem completamente, criamos “knockouts” da maebl como controlo, uma vez que com base na literatura estes permanecem na hemolinfa de mosquitos mas infetam normalmente o fígado. Surpreendentemente, descobrimos que esporozoítos “knockout” da maebl têm um defeito na retenção hepática e consequentemente na capacidade de infetarem o fígado. Adicionalmente estudos in vitro demonstraram que os esporozoítos knockout da maebl têm um defeito na capacidade de atravessarem e invadirem hepatócitos. Com base nestes resultados, sugerimos que os esporozoítos de Plasmodium possam utilizar um mecanismo conservado que lhes permita reconhecer moléculas expressas à superfície das glândulas salivares do mosquito e das células hepáticas do hospedeiro mamífero.
Malaria is a devastating disease caused by Plasmodium parasites and transmitted to mammals through the bite of an infected anopheline female mosquito. The asymptomatic pre-erythrocytic phase of the parasite life cycle comprises the journey of sporozoites from the skin to the liver, their asexual multiplication in hepatocytes and the release of merozoites, the red blood cells infective forms. A crucial event for successful liver infection comprises the arrest of sporozoites in the sinusoids. The thrombospondin-related adhesion protein (TRAP) is a promising candidate to mediate this event, since trap knockout sporozoites cannot home to the liver. However, TRAP contains several adhesion domains in its extracellular portion and is also connected to the sporozoite actin-myosin motor through its C- terminal cytoplasmic domain. Thus, to further explore the role of TRAP in mediating the homing of sporozoites to the liver, we have successfully engineered bioluminescent parasites to express TRAP without the cytoplasmic tail. Indeed, the deletion of this domain renders sporozoites immotile but do not alter the surface presentation of the protein. As these sporozoites cannot invade the mosquito salivary glands and attain complete maturation, we have generated maebl knockouts as a control, a mutant line that based on previous findings remains in the mosquito hemolymph but do infect the liver as wild type parasites. Unexpectedly, we found that maebl knockout sporozoites have an impaired capacity to target and infect the liver of mice. Indeed, in vitro experiments demonstrate defective hepatocytes traversal and invasion by the maebl knockout sporozoites. These findings suggest that Plasmodium sporozoites may use a conserved mechanism for the recognition of molecules expressed by the mosquito salivary glands and the liver in the mammalian host.
Kreutzfeld, Oriana [Verfasser], Kai [Gutachter] Matuschewski, Christian [Gutachter] Schmitz-Linneweber y Julius [Gutachter] Hafalla. "Pre-clinical evaluation and improvement of attenuated malaria sporozoite vaccine candidates / Oriana Kreutzfeld ; Gutachter: Kai Matuschewski, Christian Schmitz-Linneweber, Julius Hafalla". Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1203126921/34.
Texto completoMac-Daniel, Laura. "Etude immunobiologique de la phase cutanéo-ganglionnaire du paludisme murin". Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077290.
Texto completoMalaria is one of the most deadly infectious diseases in the world, being responsible for nearly 700,000 deaths per year. The infection by Plasmodium, the causal agent of the disease, begins with the pre-erythrocytic (PE) phase, during which the sporozoite deposited in the skin by the mosquito reaches the liver via the bloodstream where it differentiates into the form that will infect red blood cells and cause the symptoms of the disease. The PE stages of Plasmodium represent a privileged target for anti-malaria vaccination. Indeed, the live attenuated vaccines against these stages have demonstrated their superiority in terms of efficiency of protection in both rodents and humans. The recent description of a new cutaneous-lymph node step has completely changed our vision of the PE phase, in particular in the context of immunisation in the skin. Most studies have concentrated on the characterisation of the effectors implicated in establishing a protective immune response after intravenous immunisation, whereas there is much less information concerning the fate of the parasite after intradermal immunisation, especially the interactions with the innate immune system. Furthermore, the capacity of the parasite to initiate intracellular development in the skin and gain the draining lymph node by its motility poses the question of the importance of the different antigenic forms of the parasite in the initiation of a protective response in the draining lymph nodes. My thesis consisted in dissecting the early steps that lead to a protective immune response via intradermal immunisation with irradiated sporozoites. At the tissue level, the irradiated parasite targets the same tissues as the non-irradiated sporozoites but their development is arrested in the skin and in the liver. At the cellular level, the inoculation of a high number of sporozoites in the skin gives rise to an important inflammatory response in the skin and draining lymph nodes, characterised by the recruitment of polynuclear neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes. This inflammation is correlated with a local elimination of the parasites and is associated with a Thl polarisation of the immune response in the draining lymph node. In both tissues, the parasite interacts preferentially with recruited polymorphonuclear neutrophils and the resident myeloid cells. In vitro, we have confirmed that the parasite can actively invade phagocytic cells and have shown for the first time that it can remain in the skin within myeloid cells. We next evaluated the importance of the antigens of these skin parasites in the initiation of a protective immune response. In this context, we established an efficient protocol for intradermal immunisation and its evaluation using bioluminescence imaging. We have shown that the antigens derived from the motile sporozoites that gain access to the draining lymph node play a predominant role in the initiation of this response compared to the cutaneous antigenic reservoir
Fernandes, Priyanka Noel [Verfasser] y Ann-Kristin [Akademischer Betreuer] Mueller. "Differences in antigen presentation between sporozoite and parasitised-erythrocyte infections uncovers divergent mechanisms in the development of experimental cerebral malaria / Priyanka Noel Fernandes ; Betreuer: Ann-Kristin Mueller". Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1180617630/34.
Texto completoFernandes, Priyanka Noel Verfasser] y Ann-Kristin [Akademischer Betreuer] [Müller. "Differences in antigen presentation between sporozoite and parasitised-erythrocyte infections uncovers divergent mechanisms in the development of experimental cerebral malaria / Priyanka Noel Fernandes ; Betreuer: Ann-Kristin Mueller". Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1180617630/34.
Texto completoFernandes, Priyanka [Verfasser] y Ann-Kristin [Akademischer Betreuer] Müller. "Differences in antigen presentation between sporozoite and parasitised-erythrocyte infections uncovers divergent mechanisms in the development of experimental cerebral malaria / Priyanka Noel Fernandes ; Betreuer: Ann-Kristin Mueller". Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-heidok-219812.
Texto completoKazanji, Mirdad. "Étude de la protéine majeure de surface des sporozoïtes d'"Eimeria falciformis" : purification à l'aide d'anticorps monoclonaux, caractérisation immunologique et biochimique : induction d'une protection par voie orale après incorporation dans des ISCOMs". Paris 12, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA120025.
Texto completoBliss, Carly May. "Immune responses to vaccines against malaria". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:98c507b1-c812-4857-9ca8-4beaa57e1c35.
Texto completoHliscs, Marion. "Functional Characterization of Actin Sequestering Proteins in Plasmodium berghei". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16452.
Texto completoPlasmodium spp. are obligate intracellular parasites, which employ an conserved actin-dependent molecular motor machinery that facilitates their motility, host cell invasion and egress. In this work I report implications of the actin-regulators adenylyl cyclase-associated protein (C-CAP), profilin and actin depolymerization factor 1 and 2 (ADF1, ADF2) in distinct and previously unanticipated cellular processes during the life cycle of in the rodent malarial parasite Plasmodium berghei. Fluorescent tagging of the endogenous C-CAP genetic locus with mCherry revealed cytosolic distribution of the protein. Gene deletion demonstrates that the G-actin binding protein C-CAP is entirely dispensable for the pathogenic blood stages. Ookinetes show reduced motility, but are competent infecting the mosquito host. Defects emerging in the extracellular replication phase, leading to attenuation of oocyst maturation. Successful trans-species complementation with the C. parvum C-CAP ortholog, rescues the c-cap(-) phenotype and proves functional redundancy. The actin regulator profilin fails to rescue the defects of c-cap(-) parasites, despite sharing its actin sequestering activity with C-CAP. Taken together, C-CAP is the first G-actin sequestering protein of Plasmodium species that is not required for motility but performs essential functions during oocyst maturation. Characterization of the actin regulators profilin, ADF1 and ADF2 revealed dramatic transcriptional down-regulation and the absence of the profilin protein in sporozoites. To test whether G-actin binding proteins interfere with sporozoite functions, I ectopically overexpressed of profilin and C-CAP stage-specifically in sporozoites. This conducted to abolishment of salivary gland invasion and lifecycle arrest. Based on these unexpected findings and the available literature data, I developed a “minimalistic model” for actin regulation in sporozoites that predicts ADF1 as the main actin-turnover regulating factor.
Li, Xiaohong. "Epidemiological implications of sporozoite aggregation in malaria vectors /". 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/6813.
Texto completoMaia, Teresa Gonçalves Carreira. "Comparative immunological analyses of whole-sporozoite malaria vaccines". Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/89019.
Texto completoBARRETO, Andreia Cunha. "Evaluation of humoral and celular immune response to P. Berghei-based whole sporozoite malaria vaccination in rhesus macaques". Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/116355.
Texto completoMalaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that remains one of the most impactful infectious diseases globally, killing thousands of people every year. Despite all efforts to control this disease, such as chemoprophylaxis and vector control measures, the lack of knowledge about the immune responses triggered by the Plasmodium parasite hinders the development of an urgently needed efective malaria vaccine. The asymptomatic and highly immunogenic nature of the liver stage of Plasmodium infection makes it an ideal target for malaria vaccine development. The Instituto de Medicina Molecular (IMM)’s Prudêncio lab has developed a new pre-erythrocytic whole-sporozoite malaria vaccine candidate, PbVac, in which the rodent P. berghei parasite expresses the highly immunogenic P. falciparum surface circumsporozoite protein (PfCS in order to promote PfCS-specific and cross-species immune responses that may protect against a subsequent P. falciparum infection. Pre-clinical studies in mouse and rabbit models of infection have shown that PbVac is able to infect and develop in hepatocytes without establishing a blood stage infection. In order to mimic what happens in the human liver, rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were used for a pre-clinical analysis of P. berghei wild-type (WT) and genetically modified PbVac sporozoites, as a strategy to induce immunity to P. falciparum. This study aims to investigate and compare the humoral and cellular-associated immune responses between immunized and non-immunized animals. First, the ability of PbWT sporozoites to infect rhesus macaque hepatocytes in vivo was confirmed. Subsequently, rhesus macaques were immunized by mosquito bite with PbVAC or PbWT and followed for 21 weeks, in parallel with non-immunized animals. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma were collected periodically, and liver cells and splenocytes were collected at euthanasia. A comparison between plasma pre- and post- 3 immunizations was performed to analyze humoral responses through quantification of specific IgGs for sporozoites. The compositions of the peripheral blood, liver and spleen immune compartments were analyzed by immunophenotyping, and specific cellular immune responses against PbVAC, PbWT and Pf sporozoites were assessed in PBMCs and liver cells by an intracellular cytokine assay.Immunizations were safe, with no relevant changes in the safety parameters evaluated, and no breakthrough infections were found. We show that both PbWT and PbVac immunizations are capable of eliciting a humoral response against the immunogen in monkeys. Importantly, the generation of anti-Pf sporozoites antibodies observed in PbVac- but not PbWT-immunized animals indicates that PfCS may play a significant role in humoral responses to the vaccine. As for the role of cellular immunity elicited by these immunizations, neither the overall phenotypic profile nor the magnitude and specificity of cellular responses to the immunization agents or to Pf were significanty altered upon immunization. In contrast to what some human trials have reported, we found no expansion of the γδ T cell population upon immunization. However we found phenotypic changes in innate lymphoid cells ILCs, which decreased significantly, and an increase in CD4+ T cells in PBMCs. Overall, our results indicate that PbVac immunization represents a safe vaccination platform that generates humoral immune responses to Pf. Additional manipulation of the PbVac immunization strategy, such as dose or mode of administration, may significantly enhance its humoral as well as cellular immune responses, thus contributing to the development of an efficient malaria vaccine
Bär, Kerstin [Verfasser]. "The liver phase of a malaria infection : mechanisms of plasmodium sporozoite entry and merozoite release / vorgelegt von Kerstin Bär". 2007. http://d-nb.info/987885499/34.
Texto completoCollins, Nicola Elaine. "The relationship between theileria parva parva and t.p. lawrencei as shown by sporozoite antigen and ribosomal RNA gene sequences". Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/22930.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis was to develop DNA probes to distinguish between the protozoan parasites Theileria parva parva and T. p. lawrencei which cause East Coast fever (ECF) and Corridor disease respectively. ECF was eradicated from South Arrlca in 1954, and today Corridor disease has become the most important form of theileriosis. Although ECF has been eradicated, the vector ticks are still prevalent in South Africa and the cattle population would be highly susceptible to a recurrence of the disease, At present there is no reliable means of distinguishing between T.p. parva and T. p. lawrencei. Sequence differences between T. parva and other Theileria species have previously been found in the small subunit ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene; probes designed to detect these sequence differences Can be used to distinguish between Theileria species. We therefore decided to search for differences in the rRNA genes of T. p. parva and T.p. lawrencei. To this end, the entire "RNA transcription unit was amplified from a cloned T. p, lawrence; parasite; the unit comprises the small subunit rRNA (SSUrRNA) gene, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the large subunit rRNA (LSUrRNA) gene. The amplification products were cloned and sequenced, and the T.p, lawrencei rRNA sequence was compared to that of T. p, parva, While there was little variation in their SSUrRNA and LSUrRNA gene sequences, there was major sequence variation in the ITS The ITSs from twelve T. parva isolates were amplified, cloned and sequenced, and eleven characterisation oligonucleotide probes were identified. The T. p, parva isolates screened in this study hybridised with a limited subset of the probes, While the T. p. lawrencei isolates, hybridised with many more of the probes, indicating that the T. parva population in cattle is more homogenous than that in buffalo. There thus appears to have been a selection in cattle of a relatively homogenous subpopuiation of T. parva from a much larger, more diverse gene pool in buffalo. Although most T.p. parva isolates (93.5%) were detected by probe TPPI, and most T.p, lawrencei isolates (81.8%) were detected by
AC2017