Artículos de revistas: "Stand-Alone Risk"

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Bovenberg, Arij Lans. "Risk Sharing and Stand-Alone Pension Schemes". Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice 32, n.º 4 (octubre de 2007): 447–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.gpp.2510143.

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Strobl, Sascha. "Stand-alone vs systemic risk-taking of financial institutions". Journal of Risk Finance 17, n.º 4 (15 de agosto de 2016): 374–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-05-2016-0064.

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Purpose This study investigates the risk-taking behavior of financial institutions in the USA. Specifically, differences between taking risks that affect primarily the shareholders of the institution and risks contributing to the overall systemic risk of the financial sector are examined. Additionally, differences between risk-taking before, during and after the financial crisis of 2007/2008 are examined. Design/methodology/approach To analyze the determinants of stand-alone and systemic risk, a generalized linear model including size, governance, charter value, business cycle, competition and control variables is estimated. Furthermore, Granger causality tests are conducted. Findings The results show that systemic risk has a positive effect on valuation and that corporate governance has no significant effect on risk-taking. The influence of competition is conditional on the state of the economy and the risk measure used. Systemic risk Granger-causes idiosyncratic risk but not vice versa. Research limitations/implications The major limitations of this study are related to the analyzed subset of large financial institutions and important risk-culture variables being omitted. Practical implications The broad policy implication of this paper is that systemic risk cannot be lowered by market discipline due to the moral hazard problem. Therefore, regulatory measures are necessary to ensure that individual financial institutions are not endangering the financial system. Originality/value This study contributes to the empirical literature on bank risk-taking in several ways. First, the characteristics of systemic risk and idiosyncratic risk are jointly analyzed. Second, the direction of causality of these two risk measures is examined. Moreover, this paper contributes to the discussion of the effect of competition on risk-taking.

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Katsumata, Akio, Yutaka Hayashi, Kazuki Miyaoka, Hiroaki Tsushima, Toshitaka Baba, Patricio A. Catalán, Cecilia Zelaya, Felipe Riquelme Vasquez, Rodrigo Sanchez-Olavarria y Sergio Barrientos. "Stand-alone tsunami alarm equipment". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 17, n.º 5 (15 de mayo de 2017): 685–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-685-2017.

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Abstract. One of the quickest means of tsunami evacuation is transfer to higher ground soon after strong and long ground shaking. Ground shaking itself is a good initiator of the evacuation from disastrous tsunami. Longer period seismic waves are considered to be more correlated with the earthquake magnitude. We investigated the possible application of this to tsunami hazard alarm using single-site ground motion observation. Information from the mass media is sometimes unavailable due to power failure soon after a large earthquake. Even when an official alarm is available, multiple information sources of tsunami alert would help people become aware of the coming risk of a tsunami. Thus, a device that indicates risk of a tsunami without requiring other data would be helpful to those who should evacuate. Since the sensitivity of a low-cost MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) accelerometer is sufficient for this purpose, tsunami alarm equipment for home use may be easily realized. Amplitude of long-period (20 s cutoff) displacement was proposed as the threshold for the alarm based on empirical relationships among magnitude, tsunami height, hypocentral distance, and peak ground displacement of seismic waves. Application of this method to recent major earthquakes indicated that such equipment could effectively alert people to the possibility of tsunami.

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Jia, Jing, Zhongtian Li y Lois Munro. "Risk management committee and risk management disclosure: evidence from Australia". Pacific Accounting Review 31, n.º 3 (5 de agosto de 2019): 438–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-11-2018-0097.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine the relationship between risk management committees (RMCs) and risk management disclosure (RMD) quality. Specifically, the existence of stand-alone RMCs and a number of RMC characteristics, including RMC size, RMC independence, number of RMC meetings and RMC members’ human capital is investigated. Design/methodology/approach The sample comprises top 100 Australian Securities Exchange (ASX)-listed companies during the period between 2010 and 2012, when RMD began to be guided by detailed recommendations in Australia. Following the RMD framework used by Jia et al. (2016), RMD quality is measured based on its quantity, relevance, width and depth. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions were used to test the relationship between stand-alone RMC, RMC characteristics and RMD quality. Findings The results show that the existence of a stand-alone RMC, the human capital of RMC and RMC size are positively associated with RMD quality. In contrast, RMC independence and the number of RMC meetings are not found to have a significant association with RMD quality. Originality/value This study contributes to the current RMD literature by investigating whether a stand-alone RMC and different RMC characteristics are associated with RMD quality. The results of this study provide useful and new empirical evidence about the relationship between RMCs and RMD quality for researchers, companies, and regulators.

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Allen, Keith B., Massoud A. Alzeerah, Geoffrey A. Answini, James E. Lowe, Averel B. Snyder, Pierre R. Tibi, Michael J. Mack y Timothy D. Henry. "PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS AND OPERATIVE RISK WITH STAND-ALONE TRANSMYOCARDIAL REVASCULARIZATION". Journal of the American College of Cardiology 57, n.º 14 (abril de 2011): E1140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(11)61140-6.

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Marchi, Luis, Fernanda Fortti, Rubens Jensen, Rodrigo A. Amaral, Etevaldo Coutinho, Leonardo Oliveira y Luiz Pimenta. "Stand-Alone Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Preoperative Risk Factors for Subsidence". Spine Journal 16, n.º 10 (octubre de 2016): S267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2016.07.364.

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Bartels, Ronald H. M. A., Roland D. Donk y Ton Feuth. "Subsidence of Stand-alone Cervical Carbon Fiber Cages". Neurosurgery 58, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 2006): 502–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000197258.30821.50.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE: To investigate the number of subsidences of inserted cervical carbon fiber cages and to define predictive factors for subsidence. METHODS: All patients treated for a cervical herniated disc and fusion with a cervical carbon fiber cage between January 2002 and December 2003 were retrospectively identified. The radiological examinations were reviewed, and, especially, the presence of subsidence was noted. Possible predictive factors for subsidence were determined before the investigation. RESULTS: In 69 patients, there were 96 cages inserted, of which 29.2% subsided. Of all factors investigated, only smoking seemed to be predictive for subsidence, whereas insertion at C6 to C7 clearly had a higher risk at subsidence. Subsidence was not related to outcome or fusion. CONCLUSION: Although the high number of subsidence of cages has never been described before, clinical outcome and fusion rate is comparable with the literature.

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Dünkel, Frieder, Christoph Thiele y Judith Treig. "“You’ll never stand-alone”: Electronic monitoring in Germany". European Journal of Probation 9, n.º 1 (abril de 2017): 28–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2066220317697657.

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Electronic monitoring (EM) in Germany is used only exceptionally in cases of high-risk offenders released from prison after fully having served a prison sentence or after release from the preventive detention measure (added to a prison sentence in cases of “dangerous” violent or sex offenders). About 70 cases on a daily total of more than 36,000 supervision of conduct cases are under global positioning system (GPS)-EM. Only in one federal state (Hesse) EM on radio frequency technology is also used to avoid pre-trial detention or in regular probation/parole cases. Numbers remain very low also in this context. EM is always combined with a probation or supervision of conduct order, which means that it is embedded in the rehabilitative work of the probation services. The German judiciary and crime policy are very reluctant to expand EM, as there is no pressure from the prison system (no overcrowding) and the “ordinary” probation service (without EM) works quite efficiently.

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Abdullah, Wan Nailah y Roshima Said. "Audit and risk committee in financial crime prevention". Journal of Financial Crime 26, n.º 1 (7 de enero de 2019): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-11-2017-0116.

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Purpose This empirical study aims to examine two areas: first, the characteristics of the audit committee and their relationship with corporate financial crime so as to ensure that their effectiveness as a corporate governance mechanism is still relevant; and second, the effectiveness of having a risk committee which is separated from the audit committee in the prevention of corporate financial crime. Design/methodology/approach This empirical research was carried out by using a Web-based data collection for corporate financial crime cases. Findings While the results for audit committee characteristics are not supported, the findings, however, indicate a significant relationship between the existence of a stand-alone risk committee with corporate financial crime incidences. Practical implications The result of the study serves as an empirical indicator of a firm’s consideration in deciding on the implementation of a stand-alone risk committee from its audit committee. Originality/value Both the descriptive and correlation analyses produced by this paper provide new insights into the extent of corporate financial crime, as well as the empirical evidence of the effectiveness of having a stand-alone risk committee.

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Vuik, Vincent y Sebastiaan N. Jonkman. "HOW VEGETATED FORESHORES AFFECT PROBABILITIES AND CONSEQUENCES OF DIKE FAILURE". Coastal Engineering Proceedings, n.º 36 (30 de diciembre de 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.risk.61.

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Coastal ecosystems, such as salt marshes, mangrove forests and reefs, can contribute to flood risk reduction by surge attenuation, wave energy dissipation and erosion reduction (Temmerman et al. 2013). Such ecosystems can work stand-alone, but here we consider hybrid engineering solutions, where ecosystems are utilized as vegetated foreshores along engineered structures (Fig. 1).

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Abdullah, Wan Nailah, Roshima Said y Kiymet Caliyurt. "THE EFFECT OF INTERNAL GOVERNANCE ON CORPORATE FINANCIAL CRIME OF COMPANIES IN MALAYSIA". Journal of Governance and Integrity 2, n.º 2 (19 de junio de 2020): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jgi.2.2.2019.5468.

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This empirical study proposes to examine one of the main areas in corporate governance i.e., the internal governance factors and their relationship with corporate financial crime and to find out whether their effectiveness as a corporate governance mechanism is still relevant in the prevention of corporate financial crime. The internal governance factors tested in the study are audit diligence, audit size, employee shares option scheme, managerial ownership and stand-alone risk management committee. The research was carried out by using a web-based data collection for corporate financial crime cases. The findings indicate a significant relationship between the existences of a stand-alone risk committee with corporate financial crime incidences. The result of the study serves as an empirical indicator for a firm’s consideration in deciding on the implementation of a stand-alone risk committee from its audit committee. Both the descriptive and correlation analyses produced by this paper provide new insights into the extent of corporate financial crime, as well as the empirical evidence of the effectiveness of having a stand-alone risk committee.

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Jones, S. F. "Obstructive sleep apnoea: a stand-alone risk factor for chronic kidney disease". Yearbook of Pulmonary Disease 2012 (enero de 2012): 188–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypdi.2012.01.062.

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Jones, S. F. "Obstructive sleep apnoea: a stand-alone risk factor for chronic kidney disease". Yearbook of Medicine 2012 (enero de 2012): 282–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0084-3873(12)00234-9.

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Essig, David A., Woojin Cho, Alexander P. Hughes, Russel C. Huang, Andrew A. Sama, Federico P. Girardi y Frank P. Cammisa. "Risk Factors for Implant Subsidence after Stand-Alone Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion". Spine Journal 14, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2014): S114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2014.08.284.

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Chou, Y. T., P. H. Lee, C. T. Yang, C. L. Lin, S. Veasey, L. P. Chuang, S. W. Lin, Y. S. Lin y N. H. Chen. "Obstructive sleep apnea: a stand-alone risk factor for chronic kidney disease". Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 26, n.º 7 (11 de febrero de 2011): 2244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfq821.

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Uyar, M. y V. Davutoglu. "Obstructive sleep apnoea: a stand-alone risk factor for chronic kidney disease". Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 26, n.º 8 (6 de junio de 2011): 2718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfr304.

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Steffen, Bernd. "Stand alone accreditation of RM producers: arguments against it". Accreditation and Quality Assurance 8, n.º 9 (1 de septiembre de 2003): 422–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00769-003-0604-1.

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Rentenberger, Colleen, Ichiro Okano, Stephan N. Salzmann, Fabian Winter, Nicolas Plais, Marco D. Burkhard, Jennifer Shue et al. "Perioperative Risk Factors for Early Revisions in Stand-Alone Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion". World Neurosurgery 134 (febrero de 2020): e657-e663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2019.10.164.

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Iselin, Michael. "Estimating the potential impact of requiring a stand-alone board-level risk committee". Journal of Accounting and Public Policy 39, n.º 5 (septiembre de 2020): 106709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2019.106709.

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Vyshemirskyi, M., V. Pustovit, V. Kravchenko y D. Donskyi. "Analysis of Processes in the Containment Using ATHLET-CD and COCOSYS Codes". Nuclear and Radiation Safety, n.º 2(86) (12 de junio de 2020): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32918/nrs.2020.2(86).04.

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A brief description of performed input deck modifications and results of stand-alone and coupled calculations of Dn 200 mm loss of coolant accident with simultaneous total station blackout accident scenario for Rivne Nuclear Power Plant Unit 1 (WWER‑440/V-213) with application of ATHLET-CD 3.1A and COCOSYS 2.4 codes are presented in the paper. ATHLET-CD stand-alone calculation was performed with constant containment pressure (a time dependent volume with constant pressure and temperature was used as a boundary volume for leakage). Further, mass and energy release and fission products from the primary system obtained during ATHLET‑CD stand-alone calculation were used to perform COCOSYS stand-alone calculation. In addition, coupled ATHLET-CD and COCOSYS calculation was performed. All the computer analyzes were performed until the lower head failure. ATHLET‑CD model was extended with core degradation module (ECORE), which allowed calculation of scenario until reactor pressure vessel failure. According to the results of comparative analysis, nearly the same behavior of the main parameters in the stand-alone and coupled calculation at an early phase of scenario was obtained. Some small differences occur due to distinction in behavior of water and steam mass flows released through the break and due to existence of heat transfer from the primary system structures to the containment compartments during coupled calculation of transient. As for middle and late phases of the accident, some differences between stand-alone and coupled calculation results for analyzed scenario are present. These differences are caused by different total fission products and aerosols release from the reactor coolant system to the containment compartments. The above information allows recommending application of coupled code/model versions for performing the computer severe accident analyses.

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Karwaczynski, Sebastian y Mehmet H. Uras. "Under-Body Blast Mitigation: Stand-Alone Seat Safety Activation System". SAE International Journal of Transportation Safety 2, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2014): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-0556.

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Sinha, Sidharth. "BHP Limited: Risk Management Strategy". Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 27, n.º 2 (abril de 2002): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920020207.

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BHP Limited, a global natural resource company based in Australia, has traditionally hedged its market price risks with derivatives. Based on the analysis of a ‘Cash Flow at Risk’ model, which exploits the diversification effect in a portfolio context, it has now decided to discontinue its hedging activities. However, this portfolio approach to risk management raises questions about the standard ‘stand-alone’ approach to project evaluation and capital allocation. Readers are invited to send their responses on the case to Vikalpa office.

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Mital, Shweta y Hai V. Nguyen. "Cost-effectiveness of procedure-less intragastric balloon therapy as substitute or complement to bariatric surgery". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 7 (28 de julio de 2021): e0254063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254063.

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Background Procedure-less intragastric balloon (PIGB) eliminates costs and risks of endoscopic placement/removal and involves lower risk of serious complications compared with bariatric surgery, albeit with lower weight loss. Given the vast unmet need for obesity treatment, an important question is whether PIGB treatment is cost-effective—either stand-alone or as a bridge to bariatric surgery. Methods We developed a microsimulation model to compare the costs and effectiveness of six treatment strategies: PIGB, gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy as stand-alone treatments, PIGB as a bridge to gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy, and no treatment. Results PIGB as a bridge to bariatric surgery is less costly and more effective than bariatric surgery alone as it helps to achieve a lower post-operative BMI. Of the six strategies, PIGB as a bridge to sleeve gastrectomy is the most cost-effective with an ICER of $3,781 per QALY gained. While PIGB alone is not cost-effective compared with bariatric surgery, it is cost-effective compared with no treatment with an ICER of $21,711 per QALY. Conclusions PIGB can yield cost savings and improve health outcomes if used as a bridge to bariatric surgery and is cost-effective as a stand-alone treatment for patients lacking access or unwilling to undergo surgery.

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Giannopoulos, Georgios, Sofia Karageorgiou, Dimitrios Vrachatis, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, Maria S. Kousta, Eleni Lakka, Sotiria Giotaki et al. "A stand-alone structured educational programme after myocardial infarction: a randomised study". Heart 107, n.º 13 (22 de enero de 2021): 1047–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2020-318414.

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BackgroundAcute myocardial infarction (MI) is a major clinical manifestation of coronary artery disease. Post-MI morbidity and mortality can be reduced by lifestyle changes and aggressive risk factor modification. These changes can be applied more effectively if the patient is actively involved in the process. The hypothesis of this study was that an educational programme in post-MI patients could lead to reduced incidence of cardiovascular events.MethodsPost-MI patients were prospectively randomised into two groups. Patients in the intervention arm were scheduled to attend an 8-week-long educational programme on top of usual treatment, while controls received optimal treatment. The primary endpoint was the composite of all-cause death, MI, cerebrovascular event and unscheduled hospitalisation for cardiovascular causes. Endpoint adjudication was blinded.Results329 patients (238 men) were included, with a mean follow-up time of 17±4 months. In the primary analysis, mean primary end point-free survival time was 597 days (95% CI 571 to 624) in controls, compared with 663 days (95% CI 638 to 687) in the intervention group (p<0.001). The HR in the univariate Cox regression analysis was 0.48 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.73; p=0.001). The raw rates of the primary endpoint were 20.8% (6 deaths, 13 MIs, 2 strokes and 14 hospitalisations) vs 36.6% (8 deaths, 22 MIs, 7 strokes and 22 hospitalisations), respectively (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.74; p=0.002).ConclusionThese results suggest that a relatively short adult education programme offered to post-MI patients has beneficial effects, resulting in reduced risk of cardiovascular events.Trial registration numberNCT04007887.

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Sekundo, Caroline, Tobias Bölk, Olivier Kalmus y Stefan Listl. "Accuracy of a 7-Item Patient-Reported Stand-Alone Tool for Periodontitis Screening". Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, n.º 2 (14 de enero de 2021): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10020287.

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Periodontitis is interrelated with various other chronic diseases. Recent evidence suggests that treatment of periodontitis improves glycemic control in diabetes patients and reduces the costs of diabetes treatment. So far, however, screening for periodontitis in non-dental settings has been complicated by a lack of easily applicable and reliable screening tools which can be applied by non-dental professionals. The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of a short seven-item tool developed by the German Society for Periodontology (DG PARO) to screen for periodontitis by means of patient-reported information. A total of 88 adult patients filled in the patient-reported Periodontitis Risk Score (pPRS; range: 0 points = lowest periodontitis risk; 20 points = very high periodontitis risk) questionnaire before dental check-up at Heidelberg University Hospital. Subsequent clinical assessments according to Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR®) were compared with pPRS scores. The diagnostic accuracy of pPRS at different cutoff values was assessed according to sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values, as well as Receiver-Operator-Characteristic curves, Area Under the Curve (AUC), and logistic regression analysis. According to combined specificity and sensitivity (AUC = 0.86; 95%-CI: 0.76–0.95), the diagnostic accuracy of the pPRS for detecting periodontal inflammation (PSR® ≥ 3) was highest for a pPRS cutoff distinguishing between pPRS scores < 7 vs. ≥ 7. Patients with pPRS scores ≥ 7 had a 36.09 (95%-CI: 9.82–132.61) times higher chance of having a PSR® ≥ 3 than patients with scores < 7. In conclusion, the pPRS may be considered an appropriately accurate stand-alone tool for the screening for periodontitis.

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Choi, Woo Sung, Gee Wook Song, Bum Shin Kim, Sung Ho Chang y Sang Min Lee. "Development of Stand-Alone Risk Assessment Software for Optimized Maintenance Planning of Power Plant Facilities". Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A 39, n.º 11 (1 de noviembre de 2015): 1169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-a.2015.39.11.1169.

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Billinton, Roy y Bagen. "Generating capacity adequacy evaluation of small stand-alone power systems containing solar energy". Reliability Engineering & System Safety 91, n.º 4 (abril de 2006): 438–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2005.03.002.

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Kim, Chi Heon, Chun Kee Chung y Seokyung Hahn. "Autologous Iliac Bone Graft With Anterior Plating Is Advantageous Over the Stand-Alone Cage for Segmental Lordosis in Single-Level Cervical Disc Disease". Neurosurgery 72, n.º 2 (10 de noviembre de 2012): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e31827b94d4.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with autologous iliac bone graft and plating has been a standard surgical method for single-level cervical disc disease. The stand-alone cage was introduced to reduce graft-related morbidity. However, problems due to focal kyphosis at the operated level have been on the rise. It has been difficult to derive a conclusive answer from previous studies for the indications of each method. OBJECTIVE: An interim analysis of a prospective randomized study was performed to compare the sagittal alignment between a stand-alone cage (ACDF cage) and autologous iliac bone graft and plating (ACDF plate). METHODS: Twenty-nine patients were allocated to the ACDF-cage group (M:F = 17:12) and 23 to the ACDF-plate group (M:F = 14:9). Cobb angles at the operated segment (segmental angle, SA; lordosis vs kyphosis) were compared at postoperative 12 months and the other confounding factors were explored. RESULTS: Demographic features were not different between groups. The fusion method significantly affected segmental alignment at 12 months (P = .03; odds ratio, 5.52). Preoperatively, the SA was not different between the groups (P = .18) and was similar (P = .22) immediately following the operation. However, the SA was significantly more lordotic (P < .05) in the ACDF-plate group at postoperative 12 months in comparison with the ACDF-cage group. There was no other significant risk factor for segmental kyphosis. CONCLUSION: The stand-alone cage and autologous bone graft with plating had similar clinical outcomes, but stand-alone cage fusion may be disadvantageous from a radiological viewpoint.

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Dupont, Sylvain, Veli-Pekka Ikonen, Hannu Väisänen y Heli Peltola. "Predicting tree damage in fragmented landscapes using a wind risk model coupled with an airflow model". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 45, n.º 8 (agosto de 2015): 1065–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0066.

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Forest mechanistic wind risk models are widely applied on heterogeneous landscapes, whereas their wind load parameterizations are often derived either from homogeneous stand conditions or from simple forest edge conditions. To evaluate the impact of improving the wind flow representation of the mechanistic wind risk model HWIND on tree damage predictions when applied on heterogeneous environments, we coupled HWIND with the airflow model Aquilon. Aquilon provides to HWIND the velocity profiles and the gust factor (deduced from an approach based on the probability distribution of the wind velocity and on the turbulent kinetic energy). HWIND–Aquilon is compared with HWIND alone on different stand configurations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) comprising newly clearcuts or shelter stands. Although both models showed the same pattern of differences in edge-tree critical wind speeds with differences in clear-cut length and shelter stand height, the model comparison reveals significant differences in the magnitude of critical wind speeds between them. This discrepancy is explained by the wind velocity and gust factor parameterizations used in HWIND alone, as in other wind risk models that exhibit weaknesses in heterogeneous configurations. This result confirms the need for improving the wind flow representation in mechanistic wind risk models when applied to heterogeneous landscapes.

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Taylor, Margaret, Colleen Rylatt, Stephanie Lee-Diaz, Arya Ashok, Peter Jarzyna, Vaishnavi Parthasarathy, Kendra Poulin, Yumna Zahid y Theresa Deisher. "AVM0703 as a novel stand alone or combination therapy for lymphoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, n.º 5_suppl (10 de febrero de 2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.5_suppl.42.

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42 Background: Chemotherapy remains a vital part of cancer treatment. There is an urgent need to reduce the toxicities associated with chemotherapy-based treatments especially in the pediatric and young adult population where the risk for chemo-induced secondary cancers is high. AVM0703 is a new treatment option that can be used as a stand-alone or in combination with chemo for relapsed/refractory lymphoma patients. AVM0703 is effective at lymphoablating while sparing red blood cells, platelets, and hematopoietic stem cells. AVM0703 is a novel patent-pending formulation of a repurposed drug without the toxic excipients unlike existing formulations. AVM0703 has anti-tumor activity in an immunocompetent mouse model of B-cell lymphoma (A20) as both a stand-alone treatment and in combinations with current therapeutics. Methods: Wild-type BALB/c mice were implanted with A20 tumor cells suspended in a 50% Matrigel mixture and implanted subcutaneously. Palpable tumors were visible within seven days. Mice were dosed with either high-dose AVM0703 alone, or in combination with intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide and fludarabine. Mice were then monitored for tumor growth and changes in body weight. Results: Mice dosed repeatedly with AVM0703 survived 20 days longer than mice dosed with placebo and displayed no significant toxicity or body weight loss. In a separate study, mice treated with 2 doses of Cy/Flu had a loss of tumors similar to 1 dose of AVM0703 + 1 dose of Cy/Flu. Additionally, when compared to standard treatments like CHOP, in the same A20 lymphoma model, the AVM0703 + Cy/Flu combination had better tumor efficacy than 2 cycles of CHOP. Unlike 2XCHOP treatment, which induced greater than 30% body weight loss and death of 18% of the mice due to drug toxicity, the AVM0703 + Cy/flu combination had no observed toxicity or body weight loss. Conclusions: AVM0703 can reduce the number of chemotherapy cycles without affecting efficacy and decrease the toxicities associated with chemo and will help to provide a better quality of life for patients.

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Franciulli, Marco, Giuseppe De Martino, Mariateresa Librera, Ahmed Desoky, Antonio Mariniello, Annarita Iavazzo, Fabio Scigliano, Giampiero Esposito y Luigi Chiariello. "Stand-Alone Thoracoscopic Left Atrial Appendage Closure in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Patients at High Bleeding Risk". Innovations: Technology and Techniques in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery 15, n.º 6 (13 de octubre de 2020): 541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1556984520960116.

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Objective In nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) patients at high bleeding risk, oral anticoagulants (OAC) may be contraindicated, and percutaneous left atrial appendage (LAA) closure has been advocated. However, following percutaneous procedure, either OAC or dual antiplatelet treatment is required. In this study, we present our experience in treating nonvalvular AF patients at high bleeding risk with thoracoscopic LAA closure with no subsequent antithrombotic therapy. Methods From April 2019 to January 2020, 20 consecutive AF patients, mean age 75.1 years, 16 (80%) males, underwent thoracoscopic LAA closure as a stand-alone procedure, using an epicardial clip device. OAC and antiplatelet therapy were contraindicated. Mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 3.61, and the mean HAS-BLED score was 4.42. Successful LAA closure was assessed by transesophageal echocardiography. Primary endpoints were complete LAA closure (no residual LAA flow), operative complications, and all-cause mortality; secondary endpoints were 30-day and 6-month complications (death, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, transient ischemic attack, any bleeding). Mean follow-up was 6 ± 4 months. Results Complete LAA closure was achieved in all patients. No operative clip-related complications or deaths occurred. At follow-up, freedom from postoperative complications was 95% and from any cerebrovascular events was 100%. Overall survival rate was 100%. Conclusions In nonvalvular AF patients at high bleeding risk (HAS-BLED score >3), thoracoscopic LAA closure appears to be a valid alternative to percutaneous techniques not requiring dual antiplatelet or OAC treatment. Apparently, external LAA clipping minimizes the risk of thromboembolic events as compared with percutaneous procedures.

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Banerji, Sanjay y Parantap Basu. "Borrower's moral hazard, risk premium, and welfare: A comparison of universal and stand-alone banking systems". Journal of Economic Asymmetries 12, n.º 1 (junio de 2015): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeca.2015.01.003.

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Agbo, S. N., J. Ortiz Gonzalez, R. Wu, S. Jahdi y O. Alatise. "UIS performance and ruggedness of stand-alone and cascode SiC JFETs". Microelectronics Reliability 114 (noviembre de 2020): 113803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2020.113803.

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Gendreau, Julian L., Lily H. Kim, Payton N. Prins, Marissa D’Souza, Paymon Rezaii, Arjun V. Pendharkar, Eric S. Sussman, Allen L. Ho y Atman M. Desai. "Outcomes After Cervical Disc Arthroplasty Versus Stand-Alone Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Meta-Analysis". Global Spine Journal 10, n.º 8 (21 de noviembre de 2019): 1046–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2192568219888448.

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Study Design: Systemic review and meta-analysis. Objectives: To review and compare surgical outcomes for patients undergoing stand-alone anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) versus cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) for the treatment of cervical spine disease. Methods: A systematic search was performed on PubMed, Medline, and the Cochrane Library. Comparative trials measuring outcomes of patients undergoing CDA and stand-alone ACDF for degenerative spine disease in the last 10 years were selected for inclusion. After data extraction and quality assessment, statistical analysis was performed with R software metafor package. The random-effects model was used if there was heterogeneity between studies; otherwise, the fixed-effects model was used. Results: In total, 12 studies including 859 patients were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Patients undergoing stand-alone ACDF had a statistically significant increase in postoperative segmental angles (mean difference 0.85° [95% confidence interval = 0.35° to 1.35°], P = .0008). Patients undergoing CDA had a decreased rate of developing adjacent segmental degeneration (risk ratio = 0.56 [95% confidence interval = −0.06 to 1.18], P = .0745). Neck Disability Index, Japanese Orthopedic Association score, Visual Analogue Scale of the arm and neck, as well as postoperative cervical angles were similar between the 2 treatments. Conclusions: When compared with CDA, stand-alone ACDF offers similar clinical outcomes for patients and leads to increased postoperative segmental angles. We encourage further blinded randomized trials to compare rates of adjacent segmental degeneration and other postoperative outcomes between these 2 treatments options.

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Tempel, Zachary J., Michael M. McDowell, David M. Panczykowski, Gurpreet S. Gandhoke, D. Kojo Hamilton, David O. Okonkwo y Adam S. Kanter. "Graft subsidence as a predictor of revision surgery following stand-alone lateral lumbar interbody fusion". Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 28, n.º 1 (enero de 2018): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2017.5.spine16427.

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OBJECTIVELateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) is a less invasive surgical option commonly used for a variety of spinal conditions, including in high-risk patient populations. LLIF is often performed as a stand-alone procedure, and may be complicated by graft subsidence, the clinical ramifications of which remain unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize further the sequelae of graft subsidence following stand-alone LLIF.METHODSA retrospective review of prospectively collected data was conducted on consecutive patients who underwent stand-alone LLIF between July 2008 and June 2015; 297 patients (623 levels) met inclusion criteria. Imaging studies were examined to grade graft subsidence according to Marchi criteria, and compared between those who required revision surgery and those who did not. Additional variables recorded included levels fused, DEXA (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) T-score, body mass index, and routine demographic information. The data were analyzed using the Student t-test, chi-square analysis, and logistic regression analysis to identify potential confounding factors.RESULTSOf 297 patients, 34 (11.4%) had radiographic evidence of subsidence and 18 (6.1%) required revision surgery. The median subsidence grade for patients requiring revision surgery was 2.5, compared with 1 for those who did not. Chi-square analysis revealed a significantly higher incidence of revision surgery in patients with high-grade subsidence compared with those with low-grade subsidence. Seven of 18 patients (38.9%) requiring revision surgery suffered a vertebral body fracture. High-grade subsidence was a significant predictor of the need for revision surgery (p < 0.05; OR 12, 95% CI 1.29–13.6), whereas age, body mass index, T-score, and number of levels fused were not. This relationship remained significant despite adjustment for the other variables (OR 14.4; 95% CI 1.30–15.9).CONCLUSIONSIn this series, more than half of the patients who developed graft subsidence following stand-alone LLIF required revision surgery. When evaluating patients for LLIF, supplemental instrumentation should be considered during the index surgery in patients with a significant risk of graft subsidence.

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Doss, Vinodh T., Jason Weaver, Scott Didier y Adam S. Arthur. "Serial endovascular embolization as stand-alone treatment of a sacral aneurysmal bone cyst". Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 20, n.º 2 (febrero de 2014): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.11.spine13412.

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Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are destructive cystic lesions of the bone and are common in children. They are expansile in nature and, therefore, may become symptomatic. These have traditionally been treated surgically; but recently, endovascular embolization has shown promise as a stand-alone therapy. The authors describe a case of an ABC highlighting the effectiveness and efficiency of endovascular treatment. A 16-year-old boy was referred for a 4-month history of radiating back pain and urinary hesitancy. Findings from his neurological examination were normal, but he had problems ambulating because of pain. Magnetic resonance imaging and CT scanning showed a cystic mass in the sacrum; a biopsy was performed and diagnosis of ABC was confirmed. Treatment options were then discussed with the family. The patient underwent 2 endovascular embolizations in approximately 1 month: Onyx 18 was involved in the first session, and N-butyl cyanoacrylate glue was used in the second session. After the first treatment, the patient experienced a dramatic decrease in pain and concomitant improvement in function. The patient went from being mildly symptomatic after the first treatment to completely asymptomatic after the second treatment. Clinical and radiographic follow-up obtained at 2, 6, and 18 months after initial treatment revealed the patient to be asymptomatic with progressive ossification. Endovascular treatment can be effective in treating symptomatic cases of ABC in which surgery would carry significant risk. Selective arterial embolization can promote sclerosis and result in an immediate and significant decrease in pain.

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Andrzejewski, Jack, Catherine N. Rasberry, Brian Mustanski y Riley J. Steiner. "Sexual and Reproductive Health Web Sites: An Analysis of Content for Sexual and Gender Minority Youth". American Journal of Health Promotion 34, n.º 4 (13 de enero de 2020): 393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117119899217.

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Purpose: Sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth face risks for negative sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes; it is critical to provide these populations with health education that is both inclusive of and specific to their needs. We sought to characterize the strengths and weaknesses of SGM-related messages from web sites that address SRH for young people. We considered who is included, what topics are discussed, and how messages are framed. Methods: A systematic Google search and screening process was used to identify health promotion web sites with SRH content for adolescents and young adults. Using MAXQDA, we thematically coded and analyzed SGM content qualitatively. Results: Of 32 SRH web sites identified, 23 (71.9%) contained SGM content. Collectively, the sites included 318 unique SGM codes flagging this content. Approximately two-thirds of codes included messages that discussed SGM youth in aggregate (eg, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender)—specific content about the diverse subpopulations within this umbrella term (eg, transgender youth) was more limited. In addition to SRH topics, most web sites had messages that addressed a broad array of other health issues including violence, mental health, and substance use (n = 17, 73.9%) and SGM-specific topics, for example coming out (n = 21, 91.3%). The former were often risk-framed, yet affirmational messages were common. Most web sites (n = 16; 69.6%) presented information for SGM youth both in stand-alone sections and integrated into broader content. Yet, integrated information was slightly more common (56.6% of all codes) than stand-alone content. Conclusions: Challenges of developing SRH content related to SGM youth include: (1) aggregate terms, which may not represent the nuances of sexual orientation and gender, (2) balancing risk versus affirmational messages, and (3) balancing stand-alone versus integrated content. However, SGM-related content also offers an opportunity to address diverse topics that can help meet the needs of these populations.

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Hodson, Jean y Derek Pearson. "Identification of women at high risk of osteoporosis in primary care". British Menopause Society Journal 6, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2000): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/136218000322648338.

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A pilot study was undertaken in 500 women to examine clinical risk factor enquiry and ultrasound densitometry as methods for identifying women at high-risk of osteoporosis in a primary care setting. As a "stand-alone" procedure for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) selection, ultrasound densitometry was as good as clinical risk factor enquiry. However, in combination these methods provided complementary information that increased prediction for osteoporosis. This type of service could easily be used in primary care to identify women at high-risk of osteoporosis and improve cost effectiveness of DXA selection.

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Creuzot-Garcher, Catherine P., Anne Sophie Mariet, Eric Benzenine, Vincent Daien, Jean-François Korobelnik, Alain M. Bron y Catherine Quantin. "Is combined cataract surgery associated with acute postoperative endophthalmitis? A nationwide study from 2005 to 2014". British Journal of Ophthalmology 103, n.º 4 (20 de junio de 2018): 534–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312171.

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PurposeTo assess the incidence of acute postoperative endophthalmitis (POE) after cataract surgery combined with corneal, glaucoma or vitreoretinal surgical procedures from 2005 to 2014 in France.MethodsIn this cohort study, acute POE occurring within 6 weeks after surgery was identified by means of billing codes recorded in a national database in patients operated for cataract extraction with phacoemulsification, or corneal, glaucoma or vitreoretinal surgical procedures, either combined or stand-alone.ResultsFrom January 2005 to December 2014, up to 6 260 477 eyes underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery as a single procedure and 115 468 eyes underwent phacoemulsification combined with corneal, glaucoma or vitreoretinal surgical procedures. The crude incidence of acute POE after stand-alone or combined cataract surgery was 0.102% and 0.149%, respectively. In multivariate Poisson analysis, combined surgery taken as a whole was at higher risk than cataract stand-alone surgery, with an adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) (95% CI) of 1.38 (1.11 to 1.70; p=0.0054). Glaucoma surgeries were associated with a lower acute POE incidence compared with phacoemulsification, conversely to vitreoretinal surgical procedures: IRR 0.63 (0.47 to 0.85; p<0.001) and IRR 1.78 (1.58 to 2.01; p<0.001), respectively.ConclusionA higher incidence of acute POE after combined cataract surgery than after cataract surgery done as a stand-alone procedure was observed based on the French nationwide medical-administrative database. The incidence of acute POE after combined surgery was related to the type of surgery performed simultaneously with cataract extraction.

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Agarwal, Nitin, Andrew Faramand, Nima Alan, Zachary J. Tempel, D. Kojo Hamilton, David O. Okonkwo y Adam S. Kanter. "Lateral lumbar interbody fusion in the elderly: a 10-year experience". Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 29, n.º 5 (noviembre de 2018): 525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.3.spine171147.

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OBJECTIVEElderly patients, often presenting with multiple medical comorbidities, are touted to be at an increased risk of peri- and postoperative complications following spine surgery. Various minimally invasive surgical techniques have been developed and employed to treat an array of spinal conditions while minimizing complications. Lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) is one such approach. The authors describe clinical outcomes in patients over the age of 70 years following stand-alone LLIF.METHODSA retrospective query of a prospectively maintained database was performed for patients over the age of 70 years who underwent stand-alone LLIF. Patients with posterior segmental fixation and/or fusion were excluded. The preoperative and postoperative values for the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were analyzed to compare outcomes after intervention. Femoral neck t-scores were acquired from bone density scans and correlated with the incidence of graft subsidence.RESULTSAmong the study cohort of 55 patients, the median age at the time of surgery was 74 years (range 70–87 years). Seventeen patients had at least 3 medical comorbidities at surgery. Twenty-three patients underwent a 1-level, 14 a 2-level, and 18 patients a 3-level or greater stand-alone lateral fusion. The median estimated blood loss was 25 ml (range 5–280 ml). No statistically significant relationship was detected between volume of blood loss and the number of operative levels. The median length of hospital stay was 2 days (range 1–4 days). No statistically significant relationship was observed between the length of hospital stay and age at the time of surgery. There was one intraoperative death secondary to cardiac arrest, with a mortality rate of 1.8%. One patient developed a transient femoral nerve injury. Five patients with symptomatic graft subsidence subsequently underwent posterior instrumentation. A lower femoral neck t-score < −1.0 correlated with a higher incidence of graft subsidence (p = 0.006). The mean ODI score 1 year postoperatively of 31.1 was significantly (p = 0.003) less than the mean preoperative ODI score of 46.2.CONCLUSIONSStand-alone LLIF can be safely and effectively performed in the elderly population. Careful evaluation of preoperative bone density parameters should be employed to minimize risk of subsidence and need for additional surgery. Despite an association with increased comorbidities, age alone should not be a deterrent when considering stand-alone LLIF in the elderly population.

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Nguyen, Austin Q., Jackson P. Harvey, Krishn Khanna, Bryce A. Basques, Garrett K. Harada, Frank M. Phillips, Kern Singh, Christopher Dewald, Howard S. An y Matthew W. Colman. "Reasons for revision following stand-alone anterior lumbar interbody fusion and lateral lumbar interbody fusion". Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 35, n.º 1 (julio de 2021): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.10.spine201239.

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OBJECTIVE Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) and lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) are alternative and less invasive techniques to stabilize the spine and indirectly decompress the neural elements compared with open posterior approaches. While reoperation rates have been described for open posterior lumbar surgery, there are sparse data on reoperation rates following these less invasive procedures without direct posterior decompression. This study aimed to evaluate the overall rate, cause, and timing of reoperation procedures following anterior or lateral lumbar interbody fusions without direct posterior decompression. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of all consecutive patients indicated for an ALIF or LLIF for lumbar spine at a single academic institution. Patients who underwent concomitant posterior fusion or direct decompression surgeries were excluded. Rates, causes, and timing of reoperations were analyzed. Patients who underwent a revision decompression were matched with patients who did not require a reoperation, and preoperative imaging characteristics were analyzed to assess for risk factors for the reoperation. RESULTS The study cohort consisted of 529 patients with an average follow-up of 2.37 years; 40.3% (213/529) and 67.3% (356/529) of patients had a minimum of 2 years and 1 year of follow-up, respectively. The total revision rate was 5.7% (30/529), with same-level revision in 3.8% (20/529) and adjacent-level revision in 1.9% (10/529) of patients. Same-level revision patients had significantly shorter time to revision (7.14 months) than adjacent-level revision patients (31.91 months) (p < 0.0001). Fifty percent of same-level revisions were for a posterior decompression. After further analysis of decompression revisions, an increased preoperative canal area was significantly associated with a lower risk of further decompression revision compared to the control group (p = 0.015; OR 0.977, 95% CI 0.959–0.995). CONCLUSIONS There was a low reoperation rate after anterior or lateral lumbar interbody fusions without direct posterior decompression. The majority of same-level reoperations were due to a need for further decompression. Smaller preoperative canal diameters were associated with the need for revision decompression.

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Hamada, Salah y Ahmed Abou-Zeid. "Evaluation of Subsidence in Stand-Alone Cervical Cage: Incidence, Risk Factors and Effects on Clinical and Radiological Picture". Egyptian Spine Journal 14, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2015): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/esj.2015.3953.

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Chakraborty, Indrani. "The Effect of Business Risk on Capital Structure of Indian Corporate Firms: Business Groups vs. Stand-alone Firms". Global Economic Review 44, n.º 2 (26 de febrero de 2015): 237–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1226508x.2015.1013486.

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Mallamaci, F. y G. Tripepi. "Comment accompanying: obstructive sleep apnoea: a stand-alone risk factor for chronic kidney disease by Chou Yu-Ting". Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 26, n.º 7 (17 de mayo de 2011): 2072–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfr196.

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Sydor, Tymur y Brooks C. Mendell. "Transaction evidence analysis: stumpage prices and risk in central Georgia". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, n.º 2 (febrero de 2008): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-126.

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This paper uses hedonic regression techniques to analyze timber bid transactions in central Georgia. Softwood stumpage prices from pay-as-cut transactions are regressed against timber sale and stand characteristics. We identify observable factors that are statistically associated with the volatility of pine sawtimber stumpage prices in the market. The remaining price volatility, defined as market risk, characterizes undiversifiable price volatility in the market. Isolating market risk in this way has implications for relative price risk across predefined timber markets. Applications of this these techniques suggest that analyzing market price variability with total measures alone, such as standard deviation, may provide false senses of timber price risk.

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Tinggi, Michael, Shaharudin Jakpar y Ng Kim Hui. "Managing Risk Integration for Performance Orientation among Malaysian Firms". International Business Research 12, n.º 1 (24 de diciembre de 2018): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v12n1p119.

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The study is potentially, to explore the effect of discounting for risk on performance of firms listed in Malaysian stocks’ market. Risk management has been part of the corporate philosophy in maximizing shareholders’ wealth and firms’ profit. Managing risk cannot be done in isolation. Too often common risks pertinent to operation, liquidity and financing may be taken for granted by many firms. Risks exist on stand alone, but its implication may negatively severe firms’ performance if not addressed or dealt with properly. Integrating and managing risks may potentially improve the quality of business processes, which may orientate towards attaining firms’ performance at the corporate level. The 2007 global financial crisis has incidentally highlighted the importance of integrating and managing risk and its effect on business. Empirical evidences from the Panel Random Effect (RE) analysis of the above companies showed that the firm’s ability to manage and integrate operating, liquidity, and financial risks steer the firms towards performance orientation.

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Simson, H. A. "SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF ENERGY PRICE RISK MANAGEMENT". APPEA Journal 37, n.º 1 (1997): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj96047.

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Forces are gathering which require companies with significant exposure to financial risks including foreign exchange, interest rates and commodity prices such as energy to actively manage these risks. The paper describes this growing need for risk management and the characteristics of a successful risk management program using oil price by way of example, however, the concepts apply to financial risks generally. These attributes include understanding the nature of specific financial risks and risk quantification; active support and involvement by senior management including the board of directors; sound formulation of policy (including program objectives), procedures and controls; performance monitoring and reporting; compliance monitoring and disclosure of practices to shareholders and the investment community. Energy price risk management programs can be effectively implemented in quite small organisations without the need for significant increases in human resources. Programs rely on financial hedging transactions (often referred to as derivatives) to modify exposure to risk. Successful programs are more likely to be judged on factors like clarity of program objectives and program status, compliance with policy and procedures and avoidance of surprise outcomes rather than simply stand alone profitability of hedging transactions.

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PORUMBEL, DANIEL COSMIN, JIN-KAO HAO y PASCALE KUNTZ. "INFORMED REACTIVE TABU SEARCH FOR GRAPH COLORING". Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 30, n.º 04 (agosto de 2013): 1350010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217595913500103.

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Tabu search (TS) has always been a very popular algorithm for graph coloring, both as a stand-alone optimizer as well as a subroutine inside population-based hybrid methods. We present two TS extensions that could allow previous TS algorithms to improve their behavior at almost no additional computational cost. First, we integrate two new evaluation functions which employ supplementary (structural or dynamic) information in addition to the conventional objective function (the number of edges with both ends of the same color). These new evaluation functions allow the search process to differentiate configurations not distinguished by the conventional evaluation function. The second extension concerns a reactive mechanism for improving the tabu list management. Theoretical arguments show that this reactive component completely eliminates the risk of getting blocked looping on plateaus. Numerical experiments show that the two proposed TS extensions can be very useful inside a stand-alone TS optimizer, as well as inside TS subroutines of state-of-the-art hybrid methods.

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Leonard, S. David y J. Bradley Cummings. "Influences on Ratings of Risk for Consumer Products". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 38, n.º 8 (octubre de 1994): 451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129403800805.

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Previous studies have suggested many persons do not know the meanings of many terms commonly used as stand alone descriptions of hazards. Studies (Leonard & Digby, 1992; Leonard & Hill, 1993) have shown that the same hazard description, for example flammable, associated with different products resulted in very different perceptions of risk. The present study eliminated anchoring effects that may have resulted from using separate categories by combining 13 different products into a single set for both rating and ranking. The results were consonant with previous findings in that a low correlation between subjective impressions and physical characteristics was found. Subjects in a second study who received a demonstration of some of the products' flammability significantly changed their ratings. The discussion involved consideration of how cognitive information may be developed.

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Zoppo, Franco, Giuseppe Stabile, Alessia Pappone, Andrea Avella, Domenico Pecora, Leonardo Corò, Gianluca Zingarini, Roberto Verlato, Antonello Castro y Emanuele Bertaglia. "Prevalence of patent foramen ovale in atrial fibrillation patients with history of cerebral ischemia: A stand-alone additional risk?" International Journal of Cardiology 172, n.º 2 (marzo de 2014): e290-e291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.12.196.

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