Artículos de revistas: "STATCAT"

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Bunting, Kevin D., Christine Couldrey, Richard Moriggl, Yongzhi Cui, Harry Wright, Demin Wang, John J. Ryan, James N. Ihle y Lothar Hennighausen. "Endogenous N-Terminal Truncated STAT5 Expressed from Alternative Start Codons Promotes SCF Signaling in Murine Primary Mast Cell Cultures." Blood 104, n.º 11 (16 de noviembre de 2004): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.815.815.

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Abstract Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT5) has important functions in hematopoiesis. Our prior work with mice in which two coding exons of STAT5a and STAT5b have been deleted (STAT5ab−/−) has shown that mast cells derived in the presence of interleukin(IL)-3 and stem cell factor (SCF) have severe defects in survival and proliferation (Shelburne et al. Blood102:1290; 2002). However, the mechanism for STAT5 activation by SCF is unclear. In erythroid cells, STAT5 is not tyrosine phosphorylated by SCF alone. We have set out to determine whether some SCF-induced functions of STAT5 could be rescued in c-Kit+Fcγ+ primary bone marrow (BM) or fetal liver (FL) derived mast cell cultures from STAT5ab−/− mice. STAT5ab−/− mouse mast cells had a normal chemotactic response to SCF compared with wild-type mast cells, however we found they highly expressed N-terminal truncated STAT5 isoforms (STAT5ΔN) from position 102 and 136. In contrast, expression of STAT5ΔN in wild-type mast cells and some STAT5ab−/− tissues such as spleen and brain was barely detectable. While naturally occuring C-terminal STAT5 variants bind DNA but do not transactivate target genes, N-terminal variants of STAT5 have defective tetramerization. Generally, the N-terminus of STATs is also believed essential for function. Therefore, we have used mast cells to test whether N-terminal STAT5 mutants (STAT5ΔN1–136 or STAT5W37A) could functionally restore previously reported defects in vitro. Both of the STAT5 mutants were found to be dimerization-competent but tetramerization-deficient. MSCV-based retroviral vectors expressing these STAT5 mutants upstream of IRES-GFP were stably transduced into STAT5ab−/− mast cells. A strong selective advantage for GFP+ cells was observed for all vectors containing STAT5wt, STAT5ΔN, or STAT5W37A but not for IRES-GFP control. Inversely, in wild-type mast cells, only the STAT5ΔN mutant conferred a selective advantage, suggesting that the heterodimer (ΔN/wt) between STAT5ΔN and STAT5wt was most active. In apoptosis experiments, STAT5ΔN protected following cytokine withdrawal. We found the homodimer (ΔN/ΔN) to be intermediate in terms of growth reconstitution potential than the heterodimer. However, retroviral overexpression of the homodimer above that of the endogenous STAT5ΔN alone was sufficient to correct growth defects. To further explore the role of the endogenous STAT5ΔN, we obtained FL-derived mast cells from a new STAT5null/null mouse where the entire STAT5ab locus was deleted using the Cre-LoxP system (Cui et al. MCB, in press). These mast cells lacked STAT5 and STAT5ΔN. Unlike the STAT5ab−/− mast cells, the STAT5null/null mast cells showed a 9-fold reduction in SCF-induced chemotaxis relative to wild-type controls. Importantly, the chemotactic defects were completely rescued by gene transfer of wild-type STAT5a (P=0.018) or STAT5ΔN (P=0.02) relative to IRGFP control. Therefore, 1) endogenous STAT5ΔN is active but to a different degree depending on the specific function and cell type 2) co-expression along with full-length STAT5 confers maximal SCF-mediated responsiveness in mast cells. This work uncovers a potential mechanism by which STAT5-mediated SCF responses are regulated via formation of functional heterodimers.

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Bailey, Sarah R., Jason Loeppky y Tim B. Swartz. "The Prediction of Batting Averages in Major League Baseball". Stats 3, n.º 2 (3 de abril de 2020): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/stats3020008.

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The prediction of yearly batting averages in Major League Baseball is a notoriously difficult problem where standard errors using the well-known PECOTA (Player Empirical Comparison and Optimization Test Algorithm) system are roughly 20 points. This paper considers the use of ball-by-ball data provided by the Statcast system in an attempt to predict batting averages. The publicly available Statcast data and resultant predictions supplement proprietary PECOTA forecasts. With detailed Statcast data, we attempt to account for a luck component involving batting averages. It is anticipated that the luck component will not be repeated in future seasons. The two predictions (Statcast and PECOTA) are combined via simple linear regression to provide improved forecasts of batting average.

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Higashi, Takehiro, Junichi Tsukada, Takamitsu Mizobe, Fumihiko Mouri, Ai Matsuura, Yasuhiro Minami, Yasuhiro Yoshida y Yoshiya Tanaka. "Synergistic Transactivation of the Sis-Inducible Element by STAT4/STAT3 Heterodimer in Cytokine Signal Cascade." Blood 108, n.º 11 (16 de noviembre de 2006): 1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.1119.1119.

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Abstract Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins are activated in response to cytokine stimulation. STAT3 is activated in response to interleukin (IL)-6 family of cytokines, following activation of Janus family of tyrosine kinases JAK1 and JAK2, which in turn phosphorylate STAT3 on tyrosine 705 (tyr-705). On the other hand, STAT4 is activated in response to IL-12 following activation of Janus family of tyrosine kinases JAK2 and Tyk2, which in turn phosphorylate STAT4 on tyrosine 693 (tyr-693). p38/MKK6 signaling pathway activated by IL-12 further phosphorylates STAT4 on serine 721 (ser-721). STAT4 plays a crucial role in the development of type-1 helper T (Th1) cells and production of interferon (IFN)-γ in response to IL-12. STAT4 is activated by IFN-α as well as IL-12. Several STAT heterodimer complexes have been demonstrated. Selective interactions of individual STATs upon complex formation might contribute to the transcriptional target specificity of cytokine and growth factor signaling. In the present study, we demonstrated that STAT4 forms a heterodimer with STAT3 to synergistically transactivate the high-affinity sis-inducible element (hSIE). A wild-type STAT3 expression vector Rc/CMV-STAT3WT and/or a wild-type STAT4 expression vector Rc/CMV-STAT4WT were cotransfected along with a hSIE reporter pGLmfoshSIE into Hep3B cells, and cells were treated with IL-6 and/or IFN-α. In the absence of overexpression of STAT3 and STAT4, little increase in hSIE activities was observed following treatment with the cytokines, However, when Rc/CMV-STAT3WT and -STAT4WT were cotransfected, transcriptional activities were synergistically enhanced following simultaneous stimulation with IL-6 and IFN-α. γ-interferon activated site (GAS) activity was not enhanced by the two STATs. No synergistic activation of hSIE was detected between STAT1 and STAT4, when a wild-type STAT1 expression vector was used instead of Rc/CMV-STAT3WT. Our mutational analyses further revealed that the synergy between STAT3 and STAT4 was almost completely abrogated by either mutation of STAT4 at tyr-693 or STAT3 at tyr-705, suggesting direct interaction of STAT3 with STAT4 as well as the importance of STAT tyrosine phosphorylation. However, mutation of STAT4 at ser-721 caused only a little suppression of the synergy. Similar results were obtained from mutation of STAT3 at ser-727. Our immunoprecipitation (IP)/western blot (WB) analyses exhibited that STAT4 forms a heterodimer with STAT3 in response to stimulation with IL-6 and IFN-α. Moreover, in electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), hSIE preferentially bound STAT3/STAT4 heterodimer. Based upon our results, STAT3 and STAT4 can form a heterodimer, which exhibits significantly different transcripitional activities and sequence preferences to bind its target DNA. Thus, the specificity in STAT signaling is at least partly dependent on selective interactions between individual STATs upon complex formation. STAT3/STAT4 heterodimer may play an important role in immune and inflammatory reactions in NK and T-cells in response to IL-12 and IFN-α.

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4

Hirsch, Cassandra M., Michael Clemente, Peter Chomczynski, Bartlomiej P. Przychodzen, Yasunobu Nagata, Vera Adema, Louis Williams et al. "Polyclonal Immune Response in T-LGL Leads to Clonal Expansions Preceding Occurrence of STAT3 Mutations Further Solidifying Clonal Dominance". Blood 132, Supplement 1 (29 de noviembre de 2018): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-116307.

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Abstract T cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T-LGLL) characterized by excessive clonal cytotoxic T cell proliferation, is often accompanied by cytopenias and is thought to result from immune-mediated suppression, either by misguided immune antigenic recognition or mimicry triggered by auto-, tumor or viral antigens. Irrespective of the mode of evolution, T-LGLL progresses via: i) purely reactive clonal outgrowth in the context of a polyclonal immune response or: ii) a transforming event such as a STAT3 mutation (STAT3MT) within the immunodominant clone. Studies of TCR rearrangement using DNA based NGS of the TCR Vβ complementarity-determining region 3 (TCR VB CDR3) facilitate analyses of T cell clonality, as the CDR3-based "biological barcodes" allow for clonal quantification. We used serial CDR3 clonotyping accompanied by clonal STAT3 mutant burden measurements to recapitulate the pathological cascade in the course of T-LGLL. We asked if a polyclonal/oligoclonal immune response is the primary process that is clonally "imprinted" by STAT3MT, which would likely arise with the most proliferative clone. We were interested in the dynamics of underlying clonal behavior during treatment. Our initial cohort included 207 well characterized LGL patients. Most presented with anemia (46%), and/or neutropenia (46%). VB expansion was present in 94% of cases, with an average LGL count of 2317k/uL .STAT3MT were found by targeted deep sequencing in 38% of patients in 4 common hotspots: 42% Y640F, 34% D661Y, 11% D661V, and 8% N647I, with an average clonal burden of 28%. Multiple STAT3MT variants were found in some patients. From this cohort, serial samples obtained at presentation and throughout clinical course were obtained from 20 representative cases (10 STAT3MT and 10 STAT3WT), and subjected to analysis of clonal dynamics, including simultaneous deep TCR VB and STAT3 NGS. Patients were sequenced at an average of 4 time points (range 2-8). At least one major clonotype was identified in all patients, and multiple major clonotypes were identified in half. Analyses of clonal architecture revealed that STAT3 clones arose with VB expanded clones. In all cases, the TCR clonal burden was greater than that of STAT3MT demonstrating for the first time that STAT3MT is not the ancestral event for clonal expansion; rather, it evolves within the pre-expanded immunodominant clone. More than half of the patients were treated with immunosuppressive therapy (IST) achieving an approximate 40% response rate. Distinct patterns of clonal dynamics were seen following treatment (see Figure). In some patients, both the STAT3 (if present) and the major TCR clone decreased upon successful therapy. A correlation between a specific IST treatment and a clonal burden decrease was not found. In a subset of patients, the clones persisted despite a hematologic response, suggesting the major clonotype was functionally silenced. We also observed a common phenomenon of TCR "clonotype switching", whereby therapy contracts one major clonotype, while another previously "minor" clonotype emerges. These newly expanded clones did not harbor STAT3MT, and most patients with "switching" were resistant to IST therapy. Multiple clonotypes were present at initial sampling in a few patients without STAT3MT and persisted at the same rate in subsequent samplings, precluding identification of a clear immunodominant clonotype. A stable or increasing clonal burden of both STAT3MT and VB CDR3 was seen in IST non-responders. In sum, STAT3MT were found to be a secondary event to the clonal expansion of the TCR VB clonotype, as a response within an already expanded clonotype and not the initiator of clonal expansion. The dynamics of both the STAT3MT and the TCR VB clonotype can be assessed over disease course and treatment regimens and demonstrate additional clinical ultility when applied to larger prospective clinical trials. The difficulty in finding a direct correlation between response to specific IST and a decrease in TCR VB clonal burden may be due to variable time frames between samplings, heterogeneity of IST regimens and response assessment, or large asymptomatic clonotypes. Prior to this study, the association of remission and elimination of immunodominant clonotypes was unclear. Our results suggest that clonal elimination is not necessary for complete clinical response; rather, the clone can be contracted to a manageable clonal burden or silenced. Disclosures Mustjoki: Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Research Funding; Ariad: Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding. Sekeres:Opsona: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Opsona: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Maciejewski:Ra Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Consultancy; Apellis Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Apellis Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Ra Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Consultancy.

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5

Renuka, Tanneeru y Gattu Kesavarao. "STATCOM with Battery and Super Capacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System for Enhancement of Voltage Stability". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 5, n.º 2 (1 de febrero de 2017): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v5.i2.pp250-259.

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To maintain voltage stability of a power system STATCOM is better solution which can provide the required amount of reactive power under various disturbances. In previous work, STATCOM with various energy storage elements was discussed for voltage and power system stability. Apart from these previous works, this work proposes a new structure of hybrid energy storage system (HESS) for voltage stability by using battery and super capacitor. A new model of STATCOM with hybrid energy storage system is designed by using two bidirectional DC-DC converters and results are analyzed for conventional STATCOM and STATCOM with hybrid energy storage system. Results are also analyzed for STATCOM system with out any energy storage system, STATCOM with battery, STATCOM with super capacitor and STATCOM with HESS under sudden load changes by using MATLAB/Simulink.

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6

Velpula, Srikanth, Thirumalaivasan R y Janaki M. "Stability Enhancement of STATCOM using Flower Pollination Algorithm". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, n.º 4.10 (2 de octubre de 2018): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.10.20897.

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The Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is a Voltage Source Converter (VSC) based shunt connected FACTS device. The key roles of STATCOM are to control the voltage at midpoint of transmission line, enhance power transfer capability and control reactive power at load end. However, the performance of STATCOM depends upon the parameters of the controller. In this paper, we present the tuning of Type-1 controller parameters for STATCOM based on a systematic method using Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA). The margins for the Type-1 controller parameters are estimated from the movement of eigenvalues for the variation in controller parameters during inductive and capacitive modes of STATCOM. The performance of the STATCOM with FPA optimized Type-1 controller parameters is evaluated by transient simulation. The eigenvalue analysis and transient simulation are done based on D-Q model of STATCOM. It is noticed that, the response of STATCOM follows the step change in reactive current reference with least error.

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7

Brown, Barry W., David Gutierrez y Martin F. Spears. "STATTAB". American Statistician 45, n.º 2 (mayo de 1991): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2684389.

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8

Weisberg, Sanford. "StatLab". American Statistician 42, n.º 3 (agosto de 1988): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2685012.

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9

MORRISON, PHILIP S. "STATCALC". New Zealand Geographer 46, n.º 1 (abril de 1990): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7939.1990.tb01953.x.

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10

Chakraborty, Arindam, Shravana K. Musunuri, Anurag K. Srivastava y Anil K. Kondabathini. "Integrating STATCOM and Battery Energy Storage System for Power System Transient Stability: A Review and Application". Advances in Power Electronics 2012 (17 de diciembre de 2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/676010.

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Integration of STATCOM with energy storage devices plays an imperative role in improving the power system operation and control. Significant research has been done in this area for practical realization of benefits of the integration. This paper, however, pays particular importance to the performance improvement for the transients as is achievable by STATCOM with battery-powered storage systems. Application of STATCOM with storage in regard to intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind power generation is also discussed in the paper. At the beginning of this paper, an overall review of the STATCOM and energy storage systems are elaborated. A brief overview of the advantages of using STATCOM in conjunction to energy storage systems in achieving power system stability is presented. In the second part of the paper, a typical transient stability model of a STATCOM is presented. The dynamics of real and reactive power responses of the integrated system to transients is studied. The study is aimed at showing that the combination of STATCOM and battery energy storage significantly improves the performance of the system. The final results show that the STATCOM reactive power/voltage control helps in transient stability enhancement.

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11

Qiao, Min Rui, Lin Lin Wu y Yue Qiao Li. "Research on Transient Stability of Wind Farms Based on Coordinated System of SVS and STATCOM". Applied Mechanics and Materials 740 (marzo de 2015): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.740.397.

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As large-scale wind farms are connected to the grid, a single type compensator cannot meet the demand. STATCOM has ability of rapid reaction and harmonics suppression, SVC can compensate large capacity reactive power. In this study, a compensator, which is able to coordinate Static Var System (SVS) with STATCOM is proposed. Large-scale wind power integration is simulated respectively with the compensator of STATCOM alone and coordinated compensator of SVS and STATCOM by DIgSILENT/Powerfactory15.0. Simulations results clearly verify that the compensator of SVS and STATCOM improves transient stability and performance of the photovoltaic systems.

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12

Ma, You Jie, Yi Li y Xue Song Zhou. "A Review of Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOM)". Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (diciembre de 2012): 1389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.1389.

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This paper reviews the development of static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), and analylizes the structure of its main circuit, its working principles and control strategies. At last, this paper comes to a conclusion of technical characteristics of STATCOM and outlook of its development trends. Fast acting STATCOM, a representative of FACTS family, is a promising technology which is extensively used as state-of-the-art dynamic shunt compensator for reactive power control in transmission and distribution system. STATCOM controller employs various solid-state converter topologies, magnetics configurations, control algorithms, and switching techniques and so on. The development of STATCOM controller has been well reported in literature with its versatile application in power system. Thus deep investigation of STATCOM from the perspective of its intelligent control and the configuration of STATCOM’s main circuit is valuable.

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13

Ma, You Jie y Yi Li. "Research and Analysis about Static Synchronous Compensator Control". Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (agosto de 2013): 425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.425.

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This paper describes the basic requirements of the Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), analyze the specific structure of the STATCOM control system and the function of various parts can be achieved, analysis Linear PID control, Linear optimal control , Adaptive control, Differential geometry control and Intelligent Control which commonly used in the STATCOM control system. Describes two specific control methods of the STATCOM: direct current control and indirect current control.

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14

Abdulmunem, Faris Asaad y Abdulkareem Mokif Obais. "Design of a continuously and linearly controlled VSI-based STATCOM for load current balancing purposes". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2021): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i1.pp183-198.

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In this paper, load current balancing are reviewed in both three-wire and 4-wire systems taking into account linearity, harmonics injection, and control schemes. A linearized static compensator (STATCOM) based on H-bridge voltage source inverter (VSI). The proposed STATCOM is controlled in closed loop mode via equipping it with a new current controller. The DC capacitor voltage of the STATCOM is kept constant without using external energy injection or storage devices via shunting the DC capacitor with a suitable series filter. The simulation results of the current responses of the 220V, 50Hz STATCOM reveal continuous and linear performance during responding to reactive current demands from 123A inductive current to 227A capacitive current. The transition time required for the proposed STATCOM during treatment of a sudden change in reactive current demand from maximum inductive current to maximum capacitive current is less than 40ms. The steady state portions of the STATCOM current responses show pure sinusoids, thus the proposed STATCOM can be promoted as harmonic free static Var compensator. The closed loop continuous mode control and the considerable linearity of the proposed STATCOM promot it as a bipolar susceptance (capacitive and inductive) in applications of load current balancing systems in both three and four wire power systems.

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15

Gupta, Sandeep y Ramesh Kumar Tripathi. "Transient Stability Enhancement of Multimachine Power System Using Robust and Novel Controller Based CSC-STATCOM". Advances in Power Electronics 2015 (4 de febrero de 2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/626731.

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A current source converter (CSC) based static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is a shunt flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) device, which has a vital role as a stability support for small and large transient instability in an interconnected power network. This paper investigates the impact of a novel and robust pole-shifting controller for CSC-STATCOM to improve the transient stability of the multimachine power system. The proposed algorithm utilizes CSC based STATCOM to supply reactive power to the test system to maintain the transient stability in the event of severe contingency. Firstly, modeling and pole-shifting controller design for CSC based STATCOM are stated. After that, we show the impact of the proposed method in the multimachine power system with different disturbances. Here, applicability of the proposed scheme is demonstrated through simulation in MATLAB and the simulation results show an improvement in the transient stability of multimachine power system with CSC-STATCOM. Also clearly shown, the robustness and effectiveness of CSC-STATCOM are better rather than other shunt FACTS devices (SVC and VSC-STATCOM) by comparing the results in this paper.

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El-Zoghby, Helmy M. y Ahmed F. Bendary. "Experimental Voltage Stabilization of a Variable Speed Wind Turbine Driving Synchronous Generator using STATCOM based on Genetic Algorithm". International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 17, n.º 5 (1 de octubre de 2016): 541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2016-0064.

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Abstract In this paper Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is used for improving the performance of the power grid with wind turbine that drives synchronous generator. The main feature of the STATCOM is that it has the ability to absorb or inject rapidly reactive power to grid. Therefore the voltage regulation of the power grid with STATCOM device is achieved. STATCOM also improves the stability of the power system after occurring severe disturbance such as faults, or suddenly step change in wind speed. The proposed STATCOM controller is a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller tuned by Genetic Algorithm (GA). An experimental model was built in Helwan University to the proposed system. The system is tested at different operating conditions. The experimental results prove the effectiveness of the proposed STATCOM controller in damping the power system oscillations and restoring the power system voltage and stability.

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Li, Si Yu y Jia Dong Huang. "Research on Simulation of Applying SVC and STATCOM to Power System in Enterprises". Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (enero de 2014): 1670–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.1670.

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Reactive power compensation utilizing SVC and STATCOM is the most important method to improve power quality. In this paper, the technical features of SVC and STATCOM are introduced and then a power system in enterprises is used as an example in order to show effectiveness of SVC and STATCOM. Determination of location where SVC and STATCOM should be installed and their capacity is important for enhancement of power system voltage stability. Considering different kind of failure in power grid in enterprises, this paper gives analysis of voltage changes and motor load losses of the power system, on the meantime taking into account of the influence of external grid failure. Based on PSD-BPA software and mathematical model, the optimal design program of reactive power compensation utilizing STATCOM is determined by comparing effectiveness of SVC and STATCOM. Test results show very encouraging result.

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Zhang, Jun Li, Jian Zhuo Li y Yu Ren Zhang. "Fixed Frequency Hysteresis Control Based STATCOM". Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (noviembre de 2011): 5936–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.5936.

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The operation principle of STATCOM (Synchronous Static Compensator - STATCOM) is analyzed. To improve STATCOM response speed, and to sustain the STATCOM main circuit switching device operating frequency stability, the direct current control method is introduced. Fixed frequency hysteresis control method based on the traditional hysteresis control strategy is proposed. The proposed strategy is simple, high precision, fast response speed, while it has less fluctuation with the impact of load parameters, and good robust characteristics.

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Holloway, Minita G., Yongzhi Cui, Ekaterina V. Laz, Atsushi Hosui, Lothar Hennighausen y David J. Waxman. "Loss of Sexually Dimorphic Liver Gene Expression upon Hepatocyte-Specific Deletion of Stat5a-Stat5b Locus". Endocrinology 148, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 2007): 1977–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2006-1419.

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Hepatocyte-specific, albumin-Cre recombinase-mediated deletion of the entire mouse Stat5a-Stat5b locus was carried out to evaluate the role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5a and 5b (STAT5ab) in the sex-dependent transcriptional actions of GH in the liver. The resultant hepatocyte STAT5ab-deficient mice were fertile, and unlike global STAT5b-deficient male mice, postnatal body weight gain was normal, despite a 50% decrease in serum IGF-I. Whole-liver STAT5ab RNA decreased by approximately 65–85%, and residual STAT5 immunostaining was observed in a minority of the hepatocytes, indicating incomplete excision by Cre-recombinase. Quantitative PCR analysis of 20 sexually dimorphic, liver-expressed genes revealed significant down-regulation of 10 of 11 male-specific genes in livers of male hepatocyte STAT5ab-deficient mice. Class I female-specific liver genes were markedly up-regulated (de-repressed), whereas the expression of class II female genes, belonging to the Cyp3a subfamily, was unaffected by the loss of hepatocyte STAT5ab. STAT5ab is thus required in the liver for positive regulation of male-specific genes and for negative regulation of a subset of female-specific genes. Continuous GH infusion strongly induced (>500-fold) the class II female gene Cyp3a16 in both wild-type and hepatocyte STAT5ab-deficient male mice, indicating sex-specific transcriptional regulation by GH that is STAT5ab independent. In contrast, hepatocyte STAT5ab deficiency abolished the strong suppression of the male-specific Cyp2d9 by continuous GH seen in control mouse liver. Analysis of global STAT5a-deficient mice indicated no essential requirement of STAT5a for expression of these sex-specific liver Cyp genes. Thus, the major loss of liver sexual dimorphism in hepatocyte STAT5ab-deficient mice can primarily be attributed to the loss of STAT5b.

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Xia, Cheng Jun, Ji Xue Yan y Cui Qiong Chen. "Modeling and Simulation of Cascaded STATCOM Based on RTDS". Advanced Materials Research 1008-1009 (agosto de 2014): 624–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1008-1009.624.

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In 2013, China Southern Power Grid (CSG) installed three ±200Mvar STATCOMs on the 500kV substations which are adjacent to the receiving ends of multiple HVDC lines. Based on the project of STATCOM test in CSG, the ±200Mvar cascaded STATCOM simulation model is established in the real-time digital simulator (RTDS) ,the aim is to study the modeling technology of H Bridge valve group by using small time-step and main control strategy .Amounts of tests has been done to verify the validity of the cascaded STATCOM model in different control modes. The RTDS STATCOM model also tested in the closed-loop CSG power network and the transient state response characteristics has been compared with real STATCOM control and protection devices for engineering prototype to verify the feasibility of the model. The constructed model has been successfully applied on the analysis of impacts on AC/DC paralleled CSG with STATCOM using RTDS.

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Zheng, Wei, Shi Qun Li, Yong Zhi, Run Qing Bai, Chen Liang y Jian Ru Wan. "Research on Effects of STATCOM on Voltage in Wind Farm Based on PSASP". Applied Mechanics and Materials 433-435 (octubre de 2013): 1320–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.433-435.1320.

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Recently, the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) device has been installed in Jiuquan wind farm in Gansu Province. To study its ability to support voltage, this paper presents a study of the mathematical model of the steady state and transient state of STATCOM and then uses the power system analysis software package (PSASP) to establish a user-defined model of STATCOM. In addition, the model is added into the power system example (CEPRI 7). After that, the power flow calculation and transient stability calculation are carried out to simulate and analyze. At last the STATCOM device is field tested in Jiuquan wind power base. Test results verify that STATCOM effectively supports the grid voltage.

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Ramya, G. y V. Ganapathy. "Comparison of Five Level and Seven Level Inverter Based Static Compensator System". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 3, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2016): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v3.i3.pp706-713.

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The STATCOM is one of the shunt type FACTS controllers which can supply reactive power and improve bus voltage. STATCOM has advantages like transient free switching and smooth variation of reactive power. This paper deals with the comparison of five level and seven level based STATCOM systems. Usually DC output from the PV source is amplified using a single boost converter. The output of the boost converter is applied to the multilevel inverter system. The ability of STATCOM to improve the receiving end voltage is analyzed using the proposed boost converter. The performance of five level and seven level STATCOM systems are compared in terms of THD and receiving end voltage

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Jeong, In Wha y Tae Hyun Sung. "One-Cycle Control of Three-Phase Five-Level Diode-Clamped STATCOM". Energies 14, n.º 7 (25 de marzo de 2021): 1830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071830.

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This paper presents a new multilevel one-cycle control (OCC) technique for a five-level diode-clamped multilevel converter (DCMC)-based static VAR compensator (STATCOM). The OCC algorithm in combination with multi-carrier level-shifted PWM control is used in the proposed five-level DCMC-based STATCOM. The automatic dc link voltage balance is simply realized by four voltage compensators presented as the part of the OCC controller. In this paper the OCC principle of a two-level converter-based STATCOM is reviewed and extended to the five-level DCMC-based STATCOM. The proposed multilevel OCC control method of the five-level DCMC-based STATCOM in steady-state and dynamic operation modes is verified by simulation and experimental results.

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24

Couldrey, Christine, Heath L. Bradley y Kevin D. Bunting. "A STAT5 modifier locus on murine chromosome 7 modulates engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells during steady-state hematopoiesis". Blood 105, n.º 4 (15 de febrero de 2005): 1476–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-06-2302.

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AbstractHomologous disruption of expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5a (STAT5a) and STAT5b (STAT5ab–/–) in mice results in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that can engraft irradiated hosts alone but are noncompetitive against wild-type HSCs. To explore mechanisms for this phenotype, we crossed the STAT5 mutations onto an HW80 background congenic to the original C57BL/6 that differs in a small chromosome 7 genomic locus. We previously demonstrated that C57BL/6 or HW80 background STAT5ab–/– bone marrow (BM) cells showed equal repopulating function either competitively or noncompetitively in irradiated hosts. However, one intraperitoneal injection of wild-type green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic BM cells into unconditioned newborn STAT5ab–/– recipients of either background was sufficient for high-level donor engraftment. Furthermore, haploinsufficiency of STAT5 (STAT5ab+/–) allowed improved engraftment over wild-type recipients, indicating a dose-dependent requirement for STAT5 activation. In reciprocal experiments, STAT5ab–/– BM was transplanted into nonirradiated W/Wv hosts. In these mice, C57BL/6 STAT5ab–/– BM cells were 10-fold more defective in long-term engraftment than control wild-type BM cells and HW80 STAT5ab–/– BM cells were 5- to 10-fold more defective than C57BL/6 STAT5ab–/– BM cells. Therefore, we conclude that STAT5 plays a critical role during steady-state HSC engraftment and a chromosome 7 modifier locus regulates this activity.

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25

K, SUNDARARAJU y SENTHIL KUMAR R. "Modelling and Analysis of Real Time Power System With Cascaded Multilevel STATCOM Using Fuzzy Controller". JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 12, n.º 10 (6 de enero de 2017): 4408–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v12i10.5252.

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Electric Power is a major concern that has generated more importance in electrical utilities and consumers. To assure a reliable and quality power system, all the bus are expected to maintain steady acceptable voltage before and after being subjected to any disturbance. Among the FACTs devices a static synchronous compensator(STATCOM) is analyzed to provide a reliable and feasible solution. The STATCOM has been developed using cascaded multilevel converter. A FUZZY based controller for Cascaded Multilevel STATCOM is developed which produces improved performance.This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of CMC based STATCOM with fuzzy controller in real time power system concerning the problem of variable loading and losses. A real time substation with 20 bus are analyzed with power flow analysis with and without STATCOM. Without the connection of STATCOM, a observable changes in the system voltage, line flows and losses are in system behaviour. But this influences the quality of grid and hence the customers are affected badly, indicating the need of power flow analysis and location of STATCOM on the system to improve the voltage profile. It is demonstrated that the described model works to an excellent level in improving the substation performance.

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Zhang, Jian, Xiang Ning Xiao, Ben Feng Gao y Chao Luo. "The Comparative Analysis of SVC and STATCOM on Subsynchronous Oscillation Mitigation". Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (septiembre de 2013): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.245.

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The methods for subsynchronous oscillation mitigation based on SVC and STATCOM are analyzed in this paper. According to the IEEE first benchmark model, the electrical damping coefficients respectively provided by SVC and STATCOM connected at the generator terminal, as well as positive damping condition, are deduced by complex torque coefficient approach. Correlative factors which influence the two positive dampings are compared. The analysis results indicate that the positive damping provided by SVC is proportional to the size of system voltage. The positive damping provided by STATCOM is not affected by the size of system voltage, which is mostly proportional to the subsynchronous voltage produced itself. The controllers of SVC and STATCOM are designed and the positive dampings separately offered by SVC and STATCOM are optimized by phase compensation with test signal method. The time domain simulation reveals that STATCOM has stronger damping ability than SVC in the case of short circuit fault.

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27

Li, Si Yu, Jia Dong Huang y Cui Ma. "Research on Dynamic Stability Improvement by Using STATCOM in Power System". Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (junio de 2014): 1124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.1124.

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Nowadays, unbalanced loads or nonlinear loads produce a bad effect on the power quality of utility mains. Also, it is necessary for reactive power to be compensated because the most of industrial loads is inductive and make a lagging displacement power factor. Reactive power compensation utilizing STATCOM is one of the most important methods to improve power quality. In this paper, the technical feature of STATCOM is introduced and then a comparison with SVC is made. The effect of STATCOM on static voltage stability in power systems has been studied. Based on PSD-BPA software, effect of STATCOM is determined. Static voltage stability margin enhancement using STATCOM and SVC is compared in the modified IEEE 14-bus test system. Test results show very encouraging result.

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28

Lokhande, Rushikesh. "Comparison of SRF and IRPT Algorithm for Mitigation of Voltage Sag and Voltage Swell using NPC based D-STATCOM". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, n.º VII (31 de julio de 2021): 3932–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37219.

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This study describes a systematic model of Distribution STATCOM (D-STATCOM) to reduce voltage sag, and swell using Instantaneous reactive power theory also called Power Quality theory (IRPT or PQ) and Synchronous reference frame theory (SRF) using NPC three level inverter. Power quality is an event that manifests as an abnormal frequency, current and voltage resulting in the failure of end-use equipment. The main issues addressed here are voltage sag and swell. Custom power devices are utilised to overcome this problem. The Distribution STATCOM (D-STATCOM) is one of these devices, and it is the most efficient and effective modern specialized power device utilised in distribution system network. The simulation of D-STATCOM is done using MATLAB/Simulink and voltage sag and swell are mitigated.

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29

Pati, Swagat, Kanungo Barada Mohanty y Sanjeeb Kumar Kar. "A sliding mode controller-based STATCOM for voltage profile improvement of micro-grids". World Journal of Engineering 15, n.º 2 (9 de abril de 2018): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-06-2017-0152.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the suitability and robustness of sliding mode controller (SMC) for maintaining flat voltage profile at the load bus of two different micro-grid systems using STATCOM. Design/methodology/approach Two micro-grid systems are dynamically modelled and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. The first micro-grid has a single diesel engine-driven synchronous generator. The second micro-grid has one diesel engine-driven synchronous generator and a doubly fed induction generator-based wind energy conversion system. The STATCOM is connected to the load bus in both the micro-grids. SMC is used for the control of STATCOM for voltage profile improvement of micro-grid. The performance of SMC-based STATCOM is analysed and compared with the performance of conventional PI controller-based STATCOM. Findings The SMCs are more suited for STATCOM control as these are more immune to load disturbances even with the presence of wind energy generators. The voltage deviations and the steady state errors in voltage are less with SMC. Although SMC introduces a bit of steady state error in the dc link voltage of the STATCOM, it is much less than the settling limit of 2 per cent, which is quite acceptable. SMC proves to be better than conventional PI controllers in both the proposed models of micro-grid. Originality/value Design of a robust first-order SMC for a STATCOM is used for voltage profile improvement in two different micro-grid systems.

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30

Hinda, Abdellatif y Mounir Khiat. "Real-time simulation of static synchronous condenser (STATCOM) for compensation of reactive power". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, n.º 6 (1 de diciembre de 2020): 5599. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i6.pp5599-5608.

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This paper presents a real time simulation stability of power system by static synchronous condenser (STATCOM) in modern platform real-time simulator named (RT-LAB) using the latest INTEL quad-core processors to simulate a relatively large power system In our work, We have to study the problem of controlling voltage and reactive power in electric system by static synchronous condenser (STATCOM). All the simulations for the above work have been carried out using MATLAB /Simulink and RT-LAB Various simulations have given very satisfactory results and we have successfully improved the voltage by injecting a FACTS device, which is the STATCOM, the Studies and Comparisons of real-time simulation results of the power system with and without STATCOM connected illustrate the effectiveness and capability of STATCOM in improving voltage stability in power system.

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31

Tu, Ganggang, Yanjun Li y Ji Xiang. "Analysis, Control and Optimal Placement of Static Synchronous Compensator with/without Battery Energy Storage". Energies 12, n.º 24 (10 de diciembre de 2019): 4715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12244715.

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Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and battery energy storage (BES) have been increasingly employed in power systems for the reliable and economic operation of power transmission. However, the transient interaction between the electrical power of synchronous generator (SG) and the active power of STATCOM with/without BES is still misunderstood and treated incorrectly. This paper presents an analysis of this interaction and investigates the control and optimal placement of STATCOM with/without BES for the purpose of improving SG’s damping, and thus enhancing system’s oscillation damping performance. The results show that (1) the deviated electrical power of SG is not equal to the active power of STATCOM. Instead, it is related to STATCOM’s current, placement and SG’s electrical states, (2) with the increased damping as the index, the optimal location for STATCOM with BES is at the terminal of SG, while it is at the electrical mid-point of the transmission line for STATCOM without BES. Non-linear simulations and eigenvalue analysis are performed to validate the correctness of the above results.

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32

Voll, AR, D. Dash, W. Sutherland, L. Hernandez-Ronquillo, JF Tellez-Zenteno y F. Moien-Afshari. "D.04 Validating StatNet EEG as a reliable and effective tool in the Diagnosis of Non-Convulsive Status Epilepticus after hours". Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 43, S2 (junio de 2016): S14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2016.77.

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Background: NCSE dramatically increases morbidity and mortality. It is clinically subtle, which makes it difficult to diagnose without EEG. StatNet EEG provides a quick alternative to conventional EEG, which is often unavailable after hours. Methods: Each patient received a StatNet EEG by a neurology resident and a conventional EEG by an EEG technologist. Blinded studies were compared for delay between the studies, setup time, artifact, and abnormality detection using conventional EEG as controls. Nonparametric Mann-Whitney two-sample T-test was used. Results are expressed in mean minutes +/- SD. Kappa score assessed inter-observer reliability. Results: 19 patients were collected. Two StatNet EEGs were not interpretable and excluded. The mean delay between studies was 26h53min. Electrode placement is significantly shorter: 13:14±5:24 StatNet EEG vs 18:07±5:35 conventional EEG (p=0.02).Conclusions: There is high inter-rater reliability between the conventional and StatNet EEG groups (table 1) demonstrating that StatNet is a reliable and effective tool, aiding in early recognition and management of NCSE.

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33

Janaki, M., R. Thirumalaivasan y Nagesh Prabhu. "Design of Robust Current Controller for Two-Level 12-Pulse VSC-based STATCOM". Advances in Power Electronics 2011 (16 de junio de 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/912749.

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The static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is a shunt connected voltage source converter (VSC) based FACTS controller using GTOs employed for reactive power control. A typical application of a STATCOM is for voltage regulation at the midpoint of a long transmission line for the enhancement of power transfer capability and/or reactive power control at the load centre. The PI controller-based reactive current controller can cause oscillatory instability in inductive mode of operation of STATCOM and can be overcome by the nonlinear feedback controller. The transient response of the STATCOM depends on the controller parameters selected. This paper presents a systematic method for controller parameter optimization based on genetic algorithm (GA). The performance of the designed controller is evaluated by transient simulation. It is observed that the STATCOM with optimized controller parameters shows excellent transient response for the step change in the reactive current reference. While the eigenvalue analysis and controller design are based on D-Q model, the transient simulation is based on both D-Q and 3-phase models of STATCOM (which considers switching action of VSC).

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34

Tran, Thin Goat, Xiao Ming Zha y Le Ngoc Giang. "Performance Comparison between STATCOM and SVC to Enhance Power System Stability". Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (noviembre de 2013): 759–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.759.

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This paper will discuss and demonstrate how FACTS controllers shunt Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) and Static VAR Compensator (SVC) have successfully been applied to power system for effective regulating system voltage. One of the major reasons for installing a STATCOM or SVC is to improve dynamic voltage control and thus increase system load ability. In this paper a STATCOM and SVC are used to regulate voltage in a power system. When system voltage is low they generate reactive power (capacitive). When system voltage is high they absorb reactive power (inductive). In this paper comparison is also performed between SVC and STATCOM under fault condition and it is show that STATCOM have the ability to provide more capacitive power during a fault over SVC. All the simulations for the above work have been carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.

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35

Wu, Yan Juan, Lin Chuan Li y Fang Zhang. "Study on Improvement Transient Stability of the Large-Scale Wind Farms Integration with STATCOM". Applied Mechanics and Materials 385-386 (agosto de 2013): 1082–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.385-386.1082.

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In view of a serious threat for the transient stability of the power system being caused by the large-scale wind farms integration, and combining with advantages of STATCOM which can quickly restore the fault voltage and fastly, flexibly and smoothly compensate the reactive power, a method is proposed using STATCOM controller of to improve transient stability of the power system integrated by large-scale wind farms. The control strategy of the STATCOM controller uses adaptive double loop control. The role of the device to improvement transient stability of the power system is studied under the condition of serious fault. by simulation comparison with the condition without STATCOM controller installed at the same place. The simulation results show that the STATCOM controller can clearly improve transient stability of the power system integrated by large-scale wind farms.

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36

Afzal, Muhammad Moin, Muhammad Adil Khan, Muhammad Arshad Shehzad Hassan, Abdul Wadood, Waqar Uddin, S. Hussain y Sang Bong Rhee. "A Comparative Study of Supercapacitor-Based STATCOM in a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System for Regulating Power Quality Issues". Sustainability 12, n.º 17 (21 de agosto de 2020): 6781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176781.

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Renewable energy resources (RERs) play a vital role in reducing greenhouse gases, as well as balancing the power generation demand in daily life. Due to the high penetration of RERs and non-linear loads into utility power systems, various power quality issues arise, i.e., voltage drop, harmonic distortion, reactive power demand, etc. In order to handle these power quality issues, there is a need for smart flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices. In this paper, a super capacitor energy storage system (SCESS)-based static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is designed in order for the grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system to overcome the abovementioned power quality issues. A voltage controller and a d-q axis controller are used for the efficient performance of the STATCOM. In order to show the superiority of the supercapacitor, a detailed comparison is made between a battery energy storage system (BESS)-based STATCOM and a SCESS-based STATCOM. Four scenarios are studied to evaluate the performance of the proposed STATCOM design. The proposed SCESS-based STATCOM not only boosts the voltage but also stabilizes it from 368 V to 385 V (Ph-Phrms). The simulated results have confirmed that the proposed design is not only superior to a BESS-based STATCOM but also has the capability to overcome the power quality issues as well.

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37

Yang, Yin Guo, Zhi Chang Yuan, Rui Chen, Jian Xi Lin y Wei Tan. "A Comparing Study on Voltage Support Ability between STATCOM and Generator". Advanced Materials Research 1077 (diciembre de 2014): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1077.160.

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STATCOM and synchronous generator are considered as measures of providing dynamic reactive power to power grid. Based on a real regional power grid, ability of voltage support between STATCOM and generator are compared through digital simulations. The results shows that STATCOM always provides additional reactive power to persist voltage collapse, while ability of generator reactive power are restricted by terminal voltage under faults.

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38

Malan, Koos J. "The Foundational Tenets of Johannes Althusius’ Constitutionalism". Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 20 (5 de diciembre de 2017): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2017/v20i0a1344.

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In his Politica: Politics Methodically set Forth and Illustrated with Sacred and Profane Examples published in 1603 Johannes Althusius’ sets out his grand scheme of republican federalism. Soon, however, the final establishment of the territorial state and the paradigm of statism relegated grand federalism to the distant margins of constitutional theory. Statism as concisely enunciated in this article, recognises only two entities namely the state as a centralised power apparatus and the abstract individual on whom a statist identity in the image of the state is enforced. Statism dispenses with communities. Statism has been playing out on a continuum, with the statist-individualism on the one and statist-collectivism on the opposite extreme. Statist-individualism seeks to fend off the risks of supreme political power with strategies for the protection of individual rights. In contrast, statist-collectivism dispenses with the subtleties of statist-individualism and is distinctively more blatant in forging a homogeneous statist nation. In the face of the rise of claims of communities, the emergence of communitarian thinking and increased evidence of the receding territorial state, new - post statist - constitutional thinking is gathering strength. This has unleashed considerable interest in alternative thinking such as that of Althusius. Althusius’ grand federalism should be viewed, however, within the context of his broader constitutional thinking, which on close analysis, is constituted by four interlinked aspects namely: piety, justice and community; covenant (or contract); supremacy of the commonwealth and of the law; and political authority and public office. These tenets are the main focus of the present discussion. There is no room for a blanket transplantation of Althusian thinking into modern constitutional theory. However, it does provide a valuable source of communitarian theory for contemporary constitutional law. It brings to light that (individual) identity, morality, and a happy life and individual rights can only be conceived of within the framework of communities. Moreover, Althusius’ convictions on (shared) popular sovereignty, in contrast to undivided (statist) sovereignty and his views on public office provided the framework for constitutionalism and limited government which could arguably improve on that of contemporary statist constitutionalism.

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39

Liu, Liang, Hai Ming Li, Si Qing Sheng y Huan Li. "Research for Transient-Voltage Stability Based on Doubly-Fed Wind Power Generation System". Applied Mechanics and Materials 738-739 (marzo de 2015): 1251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.738-739.1251.

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Although the doubly-fed generator group has a flexible ability of reactive power regulation, when a fault occurs in the power system, the ability will be closed to saturation and we need to adopt measures to support network voltage. In this paper, the model of doubly-fed wind turbine、SVC and STATCOM will be given. And the paper will provide a control system of the two dynamic reactive power compensation devices respectively. By power system simulation software Matlab and combining a regional power grid of Mengdon, both SVC and STATCOM are applied to the wind farm and the paper will analyze the characteristics of network voltage. The simulative results show that both the SVC and STATCOM can help wind farm voltage rapidly reconstructed after the fault. In addition, the STATCOM can better improve the transient stability of the wind farm and the compensation effect of STATCOM is better than SVC.

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40

A, Mutharasan y Chandrasekar P. "Improvement of Wind Farm with PMSG using STATCOM". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 7, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2016): 996. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i3.pp996-1003.

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This paper studies about the dynamic performance of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator with Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) for Wind farm integration. A whole dynamic model of wind energy conversion system (WECS) with PMSG and STATCOM are established in a MATLAB environment. With this model the dynamic behaviour of the generator and the overall system has been studied to determine the performance of them with and without STATCOM. Final results portrays that the WECS based PMSG with STATCOM improves the transient response of the wind farm when the system is in fault.

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41

Benavides Córdoba, Santiago, José R. Ortiz Castrillón, Yesika A. Gutiérrez Villa, Nicolás Muñoz Galeano, Juan B. Cano Quintero y Jesús M. López Lezama. "Assessment of energy quality impacts for reactive power compensation with capacitor banks and D-STATCOM". Revista vínculos 16, n.º 2 (19 de diciembre de 2019): 232–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/2322939x.15752.

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This paper presents an assessment of capacitor banks and Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM) with respect to their impact on energy quality. Tests were done with capacitor banks built with electrolytic capacitors commonly used in industrial applications and a D-STATCOM. Experimental tests were performed for power factor correction in order to reduce the reactive power demanded from the electrical grid for inductive-resistive loads. For comparative purposes, the control of the D-STATCOM was set to operate with similar compensation conditions to that of the capacitor banks. Results show that under the same test conditions capacitor banks produce higher Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) than D-STATCOM.

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42

Suliman, Mohammed Yahya. "Voltage profile enhancement in distribution network using static synchronous compensator STATCOM". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, n.º 4 (1 de agosto de 2020): 3367. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i4.pp3367-3374.

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STATCOM is one of FACTS devices that used as regulator for transmission and distribution systems which works for reactive power compensation. STATCOM utilisation in distribution system mostly for enhancing the profile of voltage, where used for adjusting the disturbance voltage by injecting into the system a controllable voltage. This paper present a Fuzzy controller based on STATCOM to enhance the voltage profile in distribution network. The controller of STATCOM has simulated for different types of abnormal load conditions of balance and unbalance load. The results of simulation show ability of proposed design to enhance the load voltage which was 96% of the nominal value.

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43

Wu, Xueguang, Atputharajah Arulampalam, Changjiang Zhan y Nick Jenkins. "Application of a Static Reactive Power Compensator (STATCOM) and a Dynamic Braking Resistor (DBR) for the Stability Enhancement of a Large Wind Farm". Wind Engineering 27, n.º 2 (marzo de 2003): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/03095240360698546.

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A control strategy to improve the stability of a large wind farm using a Static Reactive Power Compensator (STATCOM) and Dynamic Braking Resistor (DBR) is proposed and investigated. The STATCOM supplies the reactive power demand of the wind farm dynamically in order to maintain the network voltage. The DBR is controlled by Liapunov's stability criterion to absorb the active power of the wind farm during the network fault. The performance of the STATCOM and DBR, applied to a large wind farm (60MW), is studied in PSCAD/EMTDC. The simulation results show that effective control of the STATCOM and DBR together can enhance the stability of large wind farms.

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44

Ypi, Lea L. "Statist Cosmopolitanism". Journal of Political Philosophy 16, n.º 1 (marzo de 2008): 48–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9760.2008.00308.x.

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45

Baker, Lesley. "Rita Statham". BMJ 335, n.º 7622 (4 de octubre de 2007): 727.5–727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39351.556933.be.

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46

Andrew, Luong y K. Tak Mak. "Ann. Statist." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 20, n.º 2 (enero de 1991): 721–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610929108830525.

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47

Arsoy, A. B., Y. Liu, P. F. Ribeiro y F. Wang. "Statcom- SMES". IEEE Industry Applications Magazine 9, n.º 2 (marzo de 2003): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mia.2003.1180946.

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48

Li, Jian Hui y Jia Xin Zou. "Research on the Coordination Control between STATCOM and VQC in Substation Based on the Identification of System State". Advanced Materials Research 905 (abril de 2014): 469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.905.469.

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For traditional voltage and reactive power control (VQC) of substation will cause frequent adjustment of transformer taps and switching of capacitor banks, which exerts a certain impact on system voltage, the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is supposed to be installed in the substation to improve the effect of VQC. A coordination control strategy between STATCOM and VQC in substation based on the identification of system state is proposed in this paper to coordinate the operation between on-load tap changers (OLTC), capacitors and STATCOM. In addition, we have a research on the application effect of this strategy with BPA. The simulation results show that STATCOM plays an important role in improving the substation performance in both steady state and transient state and it can effectively reduce the frequency of tap changing and capacitor switching. Besides, the system will perform better if both of the main transformers are equipped with STATCOM than only one is configured.

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Wang, Cun Ping, Xiang Gen Yin, Jian Liu y Qing Xiong. "Study on Current Detecting and Control Method for STATCOM across Transformer". Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (octubre de 2011): 1933–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.1933.

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Static var compensator (STATCOM) is a widely used power electronic device for dynamic reactive power compensation, and its current detecting and control method generally adopts d-q decoupling method based on the synchronous rotating coordinate transformation. However, in the traditional method, the load reactive current component is directly used as the command of STATCOM output current, so it is required that the installation position of STATCOM must be consistent with load current detecting point. But in practice, STATCOM installation point and load current detecting point may be located at two different sides of the transformer. For this situation, this paper proposed an improved reactive current detecting and control method based on the principle of power balance, achieving the current detecting and control strategies when the two points are located at different sides of transformer. Finally, the simulation of system with STATCOM accessed from the third winding of transformer verifies the correctness and feasibility of the proposed method.

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Mataram, I. Made. "FUZZY LOGIC STATIC SYNCHRONOUS COMPENSATOR (FLSTATCOM)". Majalah Ilmiah Teknologi Elektro 15, n.º 1 (25 de junio de 2016): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mite.2016.v15i01p06.

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Penerapan teknik fuzzy membawa perubahan yang signifikan khusus pada perhitungan dan analisis sistem konvensional. Peranan peralatan FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission System) untuk memperbaiki kualitas tegangan dari pembangkit menuju beban sangat besar. STATCOM merupakan peralatan paling berpengaruh untuk memperbaiki tegangan pada jaringan transmisi tenaga listrik. Pembahasan pada penelitian ini dikhususkan pada FLSTATCOM. Model Fuzzy Logic dengan dua input digunakan sebagai pengontrol IGBT, sehingga mampu meningkatkan unjuk kerja STATCOM konvensional. Sistem Single Machine Infinite Bus menjadi sistem uji coba penggunaan FLSTATCOM.Hasil simulasi menggunakan simulink MATLAB, diperoleh nilai tegangan pada tiap sisi terima tanpa menggunakan STATCOM menghasilkan tegangan sebesar 217,3 kV, menggunakan STATCOM menghasilkan tegangan sebesar 220 kV, dan penggunaan FLSTATCOM mampu meningkatkan tegangan menjadi 228,9 kV (5,34%) DOI: 10.24843/MITE.1501.06

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