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1
Srinivasan, Balaji S. "The impact of reservoir properties on mixing of inert cushion and natural gas in storage reservoirs". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4653.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 88 p. : ill. (some col.), map (part col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 47-49).
2
Ozturk, Bulent. "Simulation Of Depleted Gas Reservoir For Underground Gas Storage". Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605723/index.pdf.
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For a natural gas importing country, &ldquotake or pay&rdquo
approach creates problems since the demand for natural gas varies during the year and the excess amount of natural gas should be stored. In this study, an underground gas storage project is evaluated in a depleted gas Field M. After gathering all necessary reservoir, fluid, production and pressure data, the data were adapted to computer language, which was used in a commercial simulator software (IMEX) that is the CMG&rsquo
s (Computer Modelling Group) new generation adoptive simulator, to reach the history matching. The history matching which consists of the 4 year of production of the gas reservoir is the first step of this study. The simulation program was able to accomplish a good history match with the given parameters of the reservoir. Using the history match as a base, five different scenarios were created and forecast the injection and withdrawal performance of the reservoir. These scenarios includes 5 newly drilled horizontal wells which were used in combinations with the existing wells. With a predetermined injection rate of 13 MMcf/D was set for all the wells and among the 5 scenarios, 5 horizontal &ndash
6 vertical injectors &
5 horizontal - 6 vertical producers is the most successful in handling the gas inventory and the time it takes for a gas injection and production period. After the determination of the well configuration, the optimum injection rate for the entire field was obtained and found to be 130 MMcf/D by running different injection rates for all wells and then for only horizontal wells different injection rates were applied with a constant injection rate of 130 MMcf/d for vertical wells. Then it has been found that it is better to apply the 5th scenario which includes 5 horizontal &ndash
6 vertical injectors &
5 horizontal - 6 vertical producers having an injection rate of 130 MMcf/d for horizontal and vertical wells. Since within the 5th scenario, changing the injection rate to 1.3 Bcf/d and 13 Bcf/d, did not effect and change the average reservoir pressure significantly, it is best to carry out the project with the optimum injection rate which is 130 MMcf/d. The total gas produced untill 2012 is 394 BCF and the gas injected is 340 BCF where the maximum average reservoir pressure was recovered and set into a new value of 1881 psi by injection and cushion gas pressure as 1371 psi by withdrawal. If 5th scenario is compared with the others, there is an increase in injection and production performance about 90%.
3
Rivera, Ramirez Hector David. "Flood control reservoir operations for conditions of limited storage capacity". Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1464.
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The main objective of this research is to devise a risk-based methodology for
developing emergency operation schedules (EOS). EOS are decision tools that provide
guidance to reservoir operators in charge of making real-time release decisions during
major flood events. A computer program named REOS was created to perform the
computations to develop risk-based EOS. The computational algorithm in REOS is
divided in three major components: (1) synthetic streamflow generation, (2) mass
balance computations, and (3) frequency analysis. The methodology computes the
required releases to limit storage to the capacity available based on the probabilistic
properties of future flows, conditional to current streamflow conditions. The final
product is a series of alternative risk-based EOS in which releases, specified as a
function of reservoir storage level, current and past inflows, and time of year, are
associated with a certain risk of failing to attain the emergency operations objectives.
The assumption is that once emergency operations are triggered by a flood event, the risk
associated with a particular EOS reflects the probability of exceeding a pre-established
critical storage level given that the same EOS is followed throughout the event. This
provides reservoir operators with a mechanism for evaluating the tradeoffs and potential
consequences of release decisions.
The methodology was applied and tested using the Addicks and Barker Reservoir
system in Houston, TX as a case study. Upstream flooding is also a major concern for
these reservoirs. Modifications to the current emergency policies that would allow
emergency releases based on the probability of upstream flooding are evaluated. Riskbased
EOS were tested through a series of flood control simulations. The simulations
were performed using the HEC-ResSim reservoir simulation model. Rainfall data
recorded from Tropical Storm Allison was transposed over the Addicks and Barker
watersheds to compute hypothetical hydrographs using HEC-HMS. Repeated runs of
the HEC-ResSim model were made using different flooding and residual storage
scenarios to compare regulation of the floods under alternative operating policies. An
alternative application of the risk-based EOS in which their associated risk was used to
help quantify the actual probability of upstream flooding in Addicks and Barker was also
presented.
4
Lekkala, Sudheer R. "Impact of injecting inert cushion gas into a gas storage reservoir". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10335.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 40 p. : col. ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-40).
5
Sergienko, Ekaterina. "Adapted reservoir characterization for monitoring and uncertainty analysis of CO2 storage". Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2019/.
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L'analyse de risques du stockage géologique de CO2 consiste à simuler la dynamique du processus de stockage et à évaluer la probabilité de fuites. L'approche proposée dans ce travail consiste à utiliser des surfaces de réponses basées sur les processus Gaussiens, cela permet de réduire le grand nombre d'appels au simulateur de réservoir nécessaire à cette analyse. Dans cette thèse des méthodes innovantes sont étudiées pour résoudre les problèmes suivants: 1. Emplacement des puits d'injection 2. Estimation de la fiabilité 3. Analyse de sensibilité fiabiliste Pour résoudre le premier problème nous proposons une méthode de surface de réponse pour gérer les paramètres discrets (positions des puits) et les sorties fonctionnelles discrètes (évolution de pression du réservoir). Par ailleurs, nous introduisons une nouvelle méthode pour la modélisation des réponses variées dans le temps. Pour cela, la caractérisation des courbes est effectuée en utilisant des modèles à forme invariante. Pour le problème de fiabilité, nous avons développé une approche combinant la méthode de réduction d'ensemble et le krigeage. Un échantillonnage adaptatif est construit afin d'améliorer itérativement l'estimation de la probabilité de défaillance du modèle. Pour répondre au dernier problème, nous proposons une méthode pour l'analyse de sensibilité fiabiliste. Elle est basée sur une perturbation de la distribution de probabilité des variables d'entrée afin de trouver les facteurs qui contribuent le plus à la variabilité de la probabilité de défaillance. Toutes les méthodes proposées ont été testées numériquement sur des exemples analytiques et des cas test de stockage de CO2Risk analysis of CO2 geological storage involves the simulation of the dynamics of the storage process and the evaluation of the probability of the possible leakage events. The approach followed here focuses on Gaussian Process response surface modelling in order to reduce the number of calls to the expensive reservoir simulator. Three major problems related to uncertainty analysis of CO2 storage are addressed: 1. Injection well placement 2. Reliability estimation 3. Reliability sensitivity analysis To tackle the first problem we provide a response surface method to handle discrete parameters (well positions) and discrete functional outputs to treat responses varying trough time (reservoir pressure evolutions). In addition, we introduce a new method for modelling functional outputs based on curves characterization and involving shape invariant model. To address the reliability problem, we introduce a subset simulation algorithm linked with the Gaussian Process model. It involves adaptive experimental design refinement and the model updating. To solve the last problem we suggest a new method for reliability sensitivity analysis. It is based on a perturbation of a probability distribution of input variables in order to evaluate which one contributes the most in the variability of the failure probability. All the proposed methods have been numerically tested on analytical and CO2 storage examples
6
Bhattacharya, Debashish. "Application of goal programming techniques for optimal reservoir operations". Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80096.
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The optimal reservoir operations problem consists of obtaining releases, storages of a reservoir and downstream reach routed flows such that benefits derived from operating the reservoir are maximized. These are obtained on the basis of forecasted inflows to the reservoir, and forecasted precipitation in the downstream reaches. Five goal programming schemes, namely (i) preemptive goal programming (ii) weighted goal programming (iii) minmax goal programming (iv) fuzzy goal programming and (v) interval goal programming are considered. The reservoir operation problem is also formulated as a multiobjective linear program (MOLP). It is shown that the optimal solutions of the goal programs are contained among the efficient points of the MOLP. It is also shown that the min max and fuzzy goal programs can yield inefficient points as optima; however, there exist alternate optima to these programs which are efficient. Therefore, it is suggested that one should solve an MOLP for considering alternative efficient solutions. These techniques are applied to the Green River basin system in Kentucky.Master of Science
7
Mullendore, Marina Anita Jacqueline. "Assessment of the Geological Storage Potential of Carbon Dioxide in the Mid-Atlantic Seaboard: Focus on the Outer Continental Shelf of North Carolina". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100687.
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In an effort to mitigate carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the atmosphere, the Southeast Offshore Storage Resource Assessment (SOSRA) project has for objective to identify geological targets for CO2 storage in two main areas: the eastern part of the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean subsurface. SOSRA's second objective is to estimate the geological targets' capacity to store up to 30 million metric tons of CO2 each year with an error margin of ±30%. As part of this project, the research presented here focuses on the outer continental shelf of North Carolina and its potential for the deployment of large-scale offshore carbon storage in the near future. To identify geological targets, workflow followed typical early oil and gas exploration protocols: collecting existing datasets, selecting the most applicable datasets for reservoir exploration, and interpreting datasets to build a comprehensive regional geological framework of the subsurface of the outer continental shelf. The geomodel obtained can then be used to conduct static volumetric calculations estimating the storage capacity of each identified target. Numerous uncertainties regarding the geomodel were attributed to the variable coverage and quality of the geological and geophysical data. To address these uncertainties and quantify their potential impact on the storage capacity estimations, dynamic volumetric calculations (reservoir simulations) were conducted. Results have shown that, in this area, both Upper and Lower Cretaceous Formations have the potential to store large amounts of CO2 (in the gigatons range). However, sensitivity analysis highlighted the need to collect more data to refine the geomodel and thereby reduce the uncertainties related to the presence, dimensions and characteristics of potential reservoirs and seals. Reducing these uncertainties could lead to more accurate storage capacity estimations. Adequate injection strategies could then be developed based on robust knowledge of this area, thus increasing the probability of success for carbon capture and storage (CCS) offshore projects in North Carolina's outer continental shelf.Doctor of Philosophy
8
Barton, Daniel Corey. "Determining CO2 Storage Potential: Characterization of Seal Integrity and Reservoir Failure in Exposed Analogs". DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1118.
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Sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) into subsurface porous sandstone is proposed as a method for reducing accumulation of anthropogenic emissions of CO2 into the atmosphere. Natural exposures of reservoir and top-seal pairs in central and southeastern Utah are identified as analogs to proposed CO2 injection targets. Reservoir and top-seal pairs in natural analog exposures are analyzed in tandem to evaluate evidence for paleo-migration of fluids and/or hydrocarbons from the reservoir through the top seal. The San Rafael Swell and Monument Uplift exhibit similar structure and exposures of Jurassic units yet differ in amount and type of host rock alteration due to variable amounts and types of fluids and/or hydrocarbons that migrated along faults and fractures.
Macroscopic scale analysis of each monocline included processing of satellite imagery, and creation of depth contour maps. At the mesoscopic scale, fracture spacing acquired from scanline station measurements identified increased fracture frequency in proximity to major fault zones. At the microscopic scale, percentage of degradation and type of mineralization in pore space were used to verify increased fluid flow in proximity to major fault zones.
Faults with possible intersections with multiple antithetic faults at depth have an increased probability of allowing for upward migration of fluids and/or hydrocarbons along the fault plane and damage zone, effectively bypassing the top sealing formations. Fault leakage potential maps identified areas where seal bypass along major faults would likely occur during sequestration of CO2. The method was validated by identifying potential migration pathways for oil seeps on the Little Grand Wash fault in central Utah. The San Rafael Swell was geometrically modeled through restoration of eroded formation tops along the fold axis to quantify the interaction between an outward migrating CO2 plume and varying degrees of faulting and fracturing. Analysis of the migration of a CO2 plume front through time exhibits an increasing probability of the outward migrating plume intersecting a leaking feature, with the highest probability of the advancing plume intersecting a potentially leaking feature achieved when faults with 1+ km trace length and mean fracture spacing of 17 cm are taken into consideration. (177 pages)
9
Nogueira, de Mago Marjorie Carolina. "Effect of flue gas impurities on the process of injection and storage of carbon dioxide in depleted gas reservoirs". Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2613.
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Previous experiments - injecting pure CO2 into carbonate cores - showed that the process is a win-win technology, sequestrating CO2 while recovering a significant amount of hitherto unrecoverable natural gas that could help defray the cost of CO2 sequestration. In this thesis, I report my findings on the effect of flue gas ??impurities?? on the displacement of natural gas during CO2 sequestration, and results on unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests to carbonate samples. In displacement experiments, corefloods were conducted at 1,500 psig and 70??C, in which flue gas was injected into an Austin chalk core containing initially methane. Two types of flue gases were injected: dehydrated flue gas with 13.574 mole% CO2 (Gas A), and treated flue gas (N2, O2 and water removed) with 99.433 mole% CO2 (Gas B). The main results of this study are as follows. First, the dispersion coefficient increases with concentration of ??impurities??. Gas A exhibits the largest dispersion coefficients, 0.18-0.25 cm2/min, compared to 0.13-0.15 cm2/min for Gas B, and 0.15 cm2/min for pure CO2. Second, recovery of methane at breakthrough is relatively high, ranging from 86% OGIP for pure CO2, 74-90% OGIP for Gas B, and 79-81% for Gas A. Lastly, injection of Gas A would sequester the least amount of CO2 as it contains about 80 mole% nitrogen. From the view point of sequestration, Gas A would be least desirable while Gas B appears to be the most desirable as separation cost would probably be cheaper than that for pure CO2 with similar gas recovery. For UCS tests, corefloods were conducted at 1,700 psig and 65??C in such a way that the cell throughput of CO2 simulates near-wellbore throughput. This was achieved through increasing the injection rate and time of injection. Corefloods were followed by porosity measurement and UCS tests. Main results are presented as follows. First, the UCS of the rock was reduced by approximately 30% of its original value as a result of the dissolution process. Second, porosity profiles of rock samples increased up to 2.5% after corefloods. UCS test results indicate that CO2 injection will cause weakening of near-wellbore formation rock.
10
Reisinger, Daniel L. "Water quantity and quality impacts of the proposed Everglades Agricultural Area Storage Reservoir--Phase 1". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0014421.
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Sobers, Lorraine Elizabeth. "Injection design for simultaneous enhanced oil recovery and carbon storage in a heavy oil reservoir". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9249.
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We have identified a CO2 and water injection strategy to recover moderately heavy oil and store carbon dioxide (CO2) simultaneously. We propose the use of counter-current injection of gas and water to improve reservoir sweep and trap CO2; water is injected in the upper portion of the reservoir and gas is injected in the lower portion. This process is referred to as water over gas injection or modified simultaneous water alternating gas injection (SWAG). This thesis is based on the results of quasi-validated compositional reservoir simulations in that exact matches were not obtained for the disparate fluids and reservoirs properties but the trends of oil recovery and water cut were accepted as representative of comparative physical mechanisms of displacement. We have compared oil recovery and water cut trends of the compositional simulation model to the displacement experiments conducted by Dyer and Farouq Ali[1] where varying injection rates, number of WAG cycles and size of CO2 slug were investigated. Dyer and Farouq Ali’s displacement experiments used an Aberfeldy crude mixed with liquid petroleum to obtain an oil viscosity of 1055 mPa.s at standard conditions to represent viscosity reservoir conditions. The fluid description used in our compositional simulations are based on PVT-matched properties of oil found in an unconsolidated deltaic, sandstone deposit in the Gulf of Paria, offshore Trinidad. At standard conditions the crude viscosity is 1175mPa.s and at reservoir conditions (81° C and 27.9 MPa) 8 mPa.s. In this region oil density ranges between 940 and 1010 kg/m3 (9-18 degrees API). The PVT properties were matched by regressing: the 3-parameter Peng-Robinson[2] equation of state to the oil relative volume, total relative volume and; the coefficients of the Lohrenz Bray Clark [3]correlation to the viscosity of the crude between 0 and 20MPa at 81.7 °C. The reservoir simulation model was scaled to the length to width ratio of the displacement experiment and, the ratio of gravitational to viscous forces of injected water used in displacement experiments. From this we study we identified the limitations of WAG and the injection parameters favourable to oil recovery, gas trapping and gas storage capacity. We have then used a synthetic reservoir to represent an unconsolidated sand measuring 1000m × 150m × 100m with average porosity of 26% and initial water saturation of 20% to investigate with representative parameters, determined from the comparison with the displacement experiments, to investigate the efficacy of water over gas injection. The original oil in place (OOIP) is 3.12 × 106 m3 (19 MMbbl).The two water injection rates investigated, 100 and 200m3/day(630 and 1260 bbl/day). These rates correspond to water gravity numbers (dimensionless ratio of viscous to gravity forces) 6.3 to 3.1 for our reservoir properties. The gas injection surface rate was 50 000 sm3/day (1.8 Mscf/day) in both instances corresponding to gas gravity numbers ranging between 150 and 200 with varying reservoir flow rates .We have applied this injection strategy using vertical producers with two injection configurations: single vertical injector and a pair of horizontal parallel laterals. The producer was vertical in each case. The impact of miscibility was investigated by varying the injection gas composition by comparing the effect of using pure CO2 and a mixture of CO2 and C2-C6 in a 2:1 ratio, on oil recovery, carbon storage and field performance. Eight simulation runs were conducted varying injection gas composition for miscible and immiscible gas drives, water injection rate and injection well orientation. Our results show that water over gas injection can realize oil recoveries ranging from 17 to 30% of original oil in place (OOIP). In each instance more than 50% of the injected CO2 remains in the reservoir with less than 15% of retained CO2 in the mobile phase. The remaining CO2 is distributed in oil, water and trapped gas phases. Our reservoir simulations show that water over gas injection can be applied successfully to recover heavy oil and trap CO2 in an unconsolidated sand. This injection design has also shown immiscible and miscible oil recovery can be improved with horizontal injection. Water injection over gas injection increases contact between injected CO2by dispersing the injected gas over a wider volume in the reservoir, hindering gas override and providing reservoir pressure support. Gas storage is inversely proportional to the water gravity number because of the effect the injected water has on gas saturation distribution. In combination with established industry reservoir management techniques such as pressure control and gas cycling, it may be possible to further improve the oil recovery and carbon storage of water over gas injection.
12
Krokowski, Jan Tomasz. "An investigation into nutrient fluxes in a lowland, pumped-storage reservoir during ferric sulphate dosing". Thesis, University of Leicester, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29796.
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This study (between August 1992-May 1994) of the impact of ferric sulphate dosing, examined phosphorous and nitrogen inputs and outputs, nutrient fluxes within the water column, and phosphorus sediment-water interactions in Rutland Water. Rutland Water, a lowland, eutrophic pumped-storage reservoir in the UK experienced severe cyanobacterial blooms and scums during the late summer of 1989 which received national media attention. In response to this, from June 1990, ferric sulphate was added to the reservoir with the pumped input from the rivers Nene and Welland to attempt to precipitate phosphorus to the sediments to limit phytoplankton abundance. The seasonality of phosphorus and nitrogen loadings influenced in-lake nutrient concentrations and subsequent phytoplankton biomass. The pumped input was the dominant source; the natural inflows were insignificant. Ferric sulphate did not influence nutrient temporal and spatial patterns, although the decline in in-lake phosphorus concentrations between 1990 and 1991 was related primarily to the decline in the annual phosphorus loading during drought conditions and also to the large quantities dosed. Wind-generated mixing, together with the effect of the jetted input were sufficient to prevent the development of full stratification, although at the deepest site slight dissolved oxygen stratification developed during summer. Nutrient depth variation was attributed to sedimentation and subsequent decomposition of organic matter in the bottom waters. Ferric sulphate increased phosphorus sedimentation, which was the dominant downward flux. Ferric sulphate floc increased the sediment redox potential, lowered pH and increased the phosphorus-binding capacity of the sediments, although the high ratio of total iron:total phosphorus already present was inferred as governing the strong phosphorus-binding capacity. Although no sediment phosphorus release was detected under the redox-driven mechanism, any potentially released phosphorus influenced by microbiological actions was reprecipitated to the sediments due to the maintenance of relatively aerobic conditions in the water column.
13
Thibodeau, Anne-Marie Bechard. "Numerical Model of the Transient Effects of a Heat of Fusion Reservoir Interacting with Two-phase Flow". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/ThibodeauAMB2002.pdf.
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Bozkurt, Melih. "Feasibility Of A Supplementary Water Storage For Birkapili Hydroelectric Power Plant". Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613588/index.pdf.
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Climate change concerns, high oil prices and increasing government support are some of the driving reasons of increasing renewable energy legislation, incentives, and commercialization. Hydroelectricity is the most widely used form of renewable energy and refers to electricity generated by hydropower. In this study, a storage facility is proposed to store some additional water and increase the profitability of the existing Birkapili Hydroelectric Power Plant. The storage facility is composed of a gravity dam and an uncontrolled spillway. With the help of the proposed storage facility, maximum utilization of the water is provided and shift of the electricity generation to peak demand periods becomes possible. Consequently, feasibility of the existing power plant is improved. A number of alternatives for a spillway are taken into account and the corresponding concrete gravity dam is designed. Stability analyses and operation studies are conducted using spreadsheets to achieve an economical solution.
15
Donpapob, Manee. "Impact of climate change on reservoir water storage and operation of large scale dams in Thailand". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/217151.
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Gallopin, Gary G. "Water Storage Technology at Tikal, Guatemala". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1299605660.
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Maddock, Thomas III y Laurel J. Lacher. "MODRSP: a program to calculate drawdown, velocity, storage and capture response functions for multi-aquifer systems". Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/620142.
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MODRSP is program used for calculating drawdown, velocity, storage losses and
capture response functions for multi - aquifer ground -water flow systems. Capture is
defined as the sum of the increase in aquifer recharge and decrease in aquifer discharge
as a result of an applied stress from pumping [Bredehoeft et al., 19821. The capture
phenomena treated by MODRSP are stream- aquifer leakance, reduction of
evapotranspiration losses, leakance from adjacent aquifers, flows to and from prescribed
head boundaries and increases or decreases in natural recharge or discharge from head
dependent boundaries.
The response functions are independent of the magnitude of the stresses and are
dependent on the type of partial differential equation, the boundary and initial
conditions and the parameters thereof, and the spatial and temporal location of stresses.
The aquifers modeled may have irregular -shaped areal boundaries and non -homogeneous
transmissive and storage qualities. For regional aquifers, the stresses are generally
pumpages from wells. The utility of response functions arises from their capacity to be embedded in
management models. The management models consist of a mathematical expression of
a criterion to measure preference, and sets of constraints which act to limit the
preferred actions. The response functions are incorporated into constraints that couple
the hydrologic system with the management system (Maddock, 1972). MODRSP is a modification of MODFLOW (McDonald and Harbaugh, 1984,1988). MODRSP uses many of the data input structures of MODFLOW, but there are major differences between the two programs. The differences are discussed in Chapters
4 and 5. An abbreviated theoretical development is presented in Chapter 2, a more
complete theoretical development may be found in Maddock and Lacher (1991). The
finite difference technique discussion presented in Chapter 3 is a synopsis of that
covered more completely in McDonald and Harbaugh (1988). Subprogram organization
is presented in Chapter 4 with the data requirements explained in Chapter 5. Chapter
6 contains three example applications of MODRSP.
18
Rakhmatullaev, Shavkat. "Improvement of operational methods for the assessment of the water reservoir useful storage capacity using geoinformation systems : case study of the Akdarya Reservoir, Samarqand Province, Uzbekistan". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14111/document.
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Cette étude porte sur l’utilisation des outils de la géostatistique pour évaluer l’importance des phénomènes de sédimentation dans le barrage Akdarya en Ouzbékistan. Les analyses de variogrammes et les techniques d’interpolation par krigeage ont permis de générer des données dans les zones non échantillonnées du barrage. A l’aide des données de terrain complétées par les données produites par les outils géostatistiques, de nouvelles cartes bathymétriques du barrage ont été générées et ont permis de calculer de façon précise l’évolution du volume d’eau stocké en fonction du taux de sédimentationSedimentation processes in man-made water reservoirs reduce their main asset: the volume storage capacity. This raises engineering, environmental and economic issues for the communities around the world and in particular for the areas affected by strong water deficit. Because of Uzbekistan’s arid climatic conditions and uneven spatial and temporal water resources distribution, responsive and innovative water availability assessment surveys of all major water reservoirs are required. Bathymetric survey is a traditional method that is carried out for the estimation of reservoir volumes and surface areas for the corresponding reservoir stages in order to assess the water availability. Volume and surface area differences derived from multiple surveys of a reservoir provide storage loss estimates over time due to sedimentation. However, two main factors such as intensive field data measurement and post data-processing often limit the frequency of these surveys. Alternatively, innovative depth measurement technologies coupled with contouring and surface mapping programs provide automated reservoir volume and surface area calculations. This significantly reduces time, work load and financial burdens for reservoir sedimentation projects. This study deals with the use of a geostatistical approach to assess the reservoir sedimentation in the Akdarya reservoir in Uzbekistan. Geostatistical approach includes (semi-) variogram analysis and interpolation (kriging and simulations (turning bands)) techniques predicting values at unsampled locations for generating digital bathymetric surface models of reservoir bottom conditions in order to calculate volume and surface area at given water elevation. Simulation enables to have range of reservoir volumes and surface areas with the same probability in comparison to the kriging and traditional methods. This gives a real estimation of the water resource availability for operators and managers to sustainably manage natural resources and hydraulic infrastructure
19
Saffou, Eric. "Geomechanical characterization and reservoir Simulation of a carbon storage project in e-m depleted Gas field in South Africa". University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8218.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDGeomechanical analysis and integrity assessment of hydrocarbon reservoirs upon depletion and injection are crucial to ensure that CO2 storage projects can be safely implemented. The Bredasdorp Basin in South Africa has great potential for CO2 storage, given its hugely available exploration data. However, there has not been any geomechanical characterization carried out on this basin to determine its integrity issues. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of a carbon storage project in the E-M depleted gas field. The preliminary geological assessment demonstrates that Zone 2 and Zone 3 display acceptable injectivity for CO2 injection of the E-M gas field. Seismic lines display faults that could affect the caprock's integrity during depletion and carbon storage. Geomechanical characterization provides a guideline as to how geomechanical analysis of depleted fields can be done for a safe CO2 sequestration practice. The geomechanical model constructed at a depth of 2570 m indicated that the magnitudes of the principal vertical, minimum, and maximum horizontal stresses in the field are respectively 57 MPa, 41 MPa, and 42-46 MPa. Fault and fracture stabilities were examined before and after depletion. It was found that faults and fractures in compartments C1 and C2 of the reservoir are stable before and after depletion, while normal faults (FNS8 and FNS9) in compartment C3 dipping SW were critically stressed. The minimum sustainable pressure of the reservoir determined by simulating depletion is 6 MPa. Below that, pressure depletion causes normal faulting in reservoir compartments C1 and C2. The maximum sustainable pressure, on the other hand, was found to be 25 MPa. The geomechanical studies also reveal that it is possible that the reservoir experienced compaction of 8 cm during depletion and will experience an uplift of 3.2 cm during 71 years of injection. The economic model of a CO2-enhanced gas recovery project in E-M gas field, the annual expenses (Aexp) of carbon capture and storage range between Zar20 3.31 × 109 and Zar20 4.10 × 109. The annual revenues (RA) were estimated to be Zar20 1.42 × 1010. The cash flow analysis derived from Aexp and RA confirms that enhanced gas recovery could partially offset the cost of CO2 storage if a minimum of 5 % of CO2 fraction is allowed in the natural gas recovered. Geological and geomechanical studies have demonstrated that carbon storage is physically feasible in the E-M gas field. However, the project's completion lies in the among the gas recovered to balance the cost of CO2. http://
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Kim, Jongwook. "Experimental and simulation studies on evaluation of reservoir characterization and storage capacity for sequestration of carbon dioxide". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/142194.
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Heinemann, Niklas. "Physical and chemical effects of CO2 storage in saline aquifers of the southern North Sea". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9686.
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One of the most promising mitigation strategies for greenhouse gas accumulation in the atmosphere is carbon capture and storage (CCS). Deep saline aquifers are seen as the most efficient carbon dioxide (CO2) storage sites, mainly because of their vast size and worldwide distribution. Injecting CO2 into brine filled media will cause a physical and chemical disequilibrium in the formation. This PhD thesis documents the investigation of some of the resulting effects which occur at the beginning of the injection, during the injection period and millions of years after injection. When CO2 is injected into a brine filled reservoir, large amounts of in situ brine will be displaced away from the injection well. This causes a pressure increase in the vicinity of the well which may compromise the injection process. The simulation of this pressure increase was performed with the black-oil simulator Eclipse10 (Schlumberger) while using a number of recent formulas to predict the mutual dissolution and the fluid properties of CO2 and brine. The results show that the pressure increase can exceed the maximum sustainable pore pressure and will cause fracturing of the reservoir formation. The pore pressure increase is dependent on parameters such as temperature and salinity because they change the fluid properties of the CO2 and brine, but also the capability of the fluids to dissolve mutually. The mutual dissolution has generally a pressure reducing effect although its impact is regarded to be overestimated. This is mainly because reservoir engineering software cannot simulate the shock front realistically. Undulations, which appear on the injection pressure profile are not a result of model instabilities but can either be related to enhanced mutual dissolution due to grid effects, or to the software which may overestimate or underestimate the pressure and dissolution. A detailed investigation of those undulations is vital for the interpretation of the injection pressure. High fluid pressure can be an important parameter for the estimation of the CO2 storage capacity of saline aquifers such as the offshore Bunter Sandstone Formation, in the UK southern North Sea. Based on fluid pressure, the 1 storage capacity was calculated using the ECLIPSE compositional simulation package and a simple analytical equation. The estimated storage capacity is 6.55 to 7.17 Gt of CO2 calculated with the analytical and the numerical approach respectively. By comparing the results, the differences are relatively moderate and therefore the application of the numerical simulator is not regarded as necessary. This is mainly due to the effective pressure flow which prevents pressure accumulations underneath the cap rock. Although the CO2 storage capacity of the Bunter Sandstone Formation remains high, a previous survey, which was not based on fluid pressure, calculated a storage capacity approximately twice as high as the results presented here. In theory, due to the increase in CO2 concentration, CO2 bearing carbonate minerals could precipitate when CO2 is injected into an aquifer such as the Rotliegend aquifer in the southern North Sea. Geochemical models often predict a relatively rapid growth of carbonate minerals as the most secure form of long term engineered CO2 storage. But validation of model-results remains difficult due to the long periods of time involved. Natural analogue studies can bridge the gap between experiments and real-world storage. The Fizzy field, a southern North Sea (UK) gas accumulation with a high natural CO2 content (c. 50%) provides an ideal opportunity to study the long term effect of CO2 related mineral reaction. However all such reservoirs contain ‘normal’ diagenetic dolomite, so that distinguishing sequestration related dolomite is a challenge. CO2 was stepwise extracted from dolomite from both the Fizzy field and the Orwell Rotliegend sandstone in order to reveal any zonation of the crystals which could be related to enhanced dolomite precipitation due to the high CO2 concentration. According to the method between 0 and 22 % of the dolomite in the Fizzy field precipitated due to the high CO2 concentration. Therefore, between 0 and 19 % of the CO2, which is related to the relatively recent high CO2 concentration, is ‘trapped’ in the ‘sequestration dolomite’. The wide range of this estimate is mainly related to rock heterogeneity.
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Taylor, Peter J. "Leakage of carbon dioxide from a simulated sub-seabed carbon capture and storage reservoir : potential impacts on benthic biogeochemistry". Thesis, University of the Highlands and Islands, 2015. https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/leakage-of-carbon-dioxide-from-a-simulated-subseabed-carbon-capture-and-storage-reservoir(a54eb362-7265-452d-bee2-c6721d6e5975).html.
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Carbon Capture and Storage is a nascent technology developed with the intention of collecting carbon dioxide emissions from the flue gasses of point source producers, such as power stations or cement works. The carbon dioxide is then stored in underground geological reservoirs so that it does not reach the atmosphere, reducing the rate at which greenhouse gasses accumulate and influence climate change. However, as with all nascent technologies, the benefits of these developments and concepts must be weighed against the risks of serious and long-term environmental impact should an accidental release occur. The aim of this thesis is to study the potential for environmental damage caused by a release of carbon dioxide into the marine environment from a sub-seabed carbon dioxide reservoir generated through carbon capture and storage development. The quantification of the rate of change caused by such an accidental release of carbon dioxide will be studied, as will the rate at which natural conditions are re-established upon cessation of the release.
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Davies, Jones Gregory Marcel. "A 3D Sub-Surface Characterisation of the Arnager Greensand, South-west Skåne". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-393263.
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A surface characterisation of the Arnager Greensand in south Sweden, a deep saline aquifer found to be suitable for geological storage of CO2 or energy storage, was undertaken in this thesis. Vintage seismic reflection data only available as scanned tiff images of the final stacked sections were digitized and processed using modern interpretation software to provide new insights into the morphology of the Arnager Greensand and to analyse the reservoir’s potential as an energy storage unit. The primary energy storage method discussed and evaluated was Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES). This is a modern energy storage method developed as a tool for regulating inherently intermittent renewable energy sources. Such methods are key to the growth of the renewable sector and for providing a competitive alternative to fossil fuels. Moreover, in comparison with other energy storage methods such as battery storage, CAES is known to have strong potential to deliver highperformance energy storage at large scales for relatively low costs compared with any other solution. Previous studies conducted in the 1980’s by Swedegas produced a 2D isochrone surface map of the Arnager Greensand by hand interpolation methods utilizing analogue data collected by Oljeprospektering AB (OPAB, currently Svenska Petroleum). The Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU) has now transferred a vast amount of the historical OPAB dataset to modern digital format. This thesis contributes to those efforts and seeks to find new interpretations from the vintage data. A more comprehensive 3D model of the top of the Arnager Greensand employing the application of modern interpretation software was produced in this study. Strong similarities between morphology and dip-trend have been observed between the surface model generated in this report and the historical Swedegas isochrone surface map. Reservoir properties such as thickness, porosity and permeability gleaned from the earlier reports show the Arnager Greensand to exhibit excellent potential as a storage unit. Preliminary effective capacity estimates by Nordic CCS Competence centre show the Aranger Greensand to be one of the top three storage aquifers in Sweden. These positive appraisals highlight the need for a better characterization of the Aranger Greensand through data digitization and modern interpretation means. This thesis contributes to that endeavour.
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Yang, Can. "Time-lapse Analysis of Borehole and Surface Seismic Data, and Reservoir Characterization of the Ketzin CO2 Storage Site, Germany". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Geofysik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-163013.
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The CO2SINK (and CO2MAN) project is the first onshore CO2 storage project in Europe. The research site is located near the town of Ketzin, close to Potsdam in Germany. Injection started in June 2008, with a planned injection target of 100,000 tonnes of CO2. In February 2011, around 45, 000 tons of CO2 had been injected into the saline aquifer at an approximate depth of 630 m. This thesis focuses on time-lapse analysis of borehole seismic data, surface seismic data and reservoir characterization at the Ketzin site. Baseline Moving Source Profiling (MSP) data were acquired in the borehole Ketzin 202/2007 (OW2), along seven lines in 2007. The zero-offset Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) data were acquired in the same borehole. The main objective of the VSP and MSP survey was to generate high-resolution seismic images around the borehole. After modeling and data processing, the sandy layers within the Stuttgart Formation can potentially be imaged in the VSP and MSP data whereas reflections from these layers are not as clearly observed in the 3D surface seismic data. 2D and pseudo-3D time-lapse seismic surveys were conducted at the Ketzin site. Interpretation of 2D baseline and repeat stacks shows that no CO2 leakage related time lapse signature is observable where the 2D lines allow monitoring of the reservoir. This is consistent with the time-lapse results of the 3D surveys showing an increase in reflection amplitude just centered around the injection well. The results from the pseudo-3D surveys are also consistent with the 3D seismic time-lapse studies and show that the sparse pseudo-3D geometry can be used to qualitatively map the CO2 in the reservoir with significantly less effect than the full 3D surveying. The 2nd pseudo-3D repeat survey indicates preferential migration of the CO2 to the west. There are no indications of migration into the caprock on either of the repeat surveys. Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO) analysis was performed on both 2D and 3D repeat surveys. A Class 3 AVO anomaly is clearly observed on the 3D repeat data and matches the synthetic modeling well. No AVO anomaly was observed on the 2D repeat data, which was anticipated, but the result shows signs of a pressure response at the reservoir level in the data. Reflection coefficients were calculated using surface seismic data (3D and pseudo-3D) at the site. Pre-injection calculations agree well with calculations from logging data. Post-injection calculations are in general agreement with the seismic modeling, but generally show higher amplitudes than those expected. The full 3D data show a better image of the reflection coefficients before and after injection than the pseudo-3D data and can potentially be used to make quantitative calculations of CO2 volumes. The pseudo-3D data only provide qualitative information.
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Watson, Maxwell N. "Mineral reactions between carbon dioxide and Reservoir Rock : natural analogues for CO2 subsurface storage and disposal, Otway Basin, Australia /". Title page, abstract and contents only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09S.B/09sbw343.pdf.
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Fronk, Robert Charles. "Feasibility study of an aeration treatment system in a raw water storage reservoir used as a potable water source". Master's thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02162010-020301/.
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Huang, Fei. "3D Time-lapse Analysis of Seismic Reflection Data to Characterize the Reservoir at the Ketzin CO2 Storage Pilot Site". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Geofysik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-301003.
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3D time-lapse seismics, also known as 4D seismics, have great potential for monitoring the migration of CO2 at underground storage sites. This thesis focuses on time-lapse analysis of 3D seismic reflection data acquired at the Ketzin CO2 geological storage site in order to improve understanding of the reservoir and how CO2 migrates within it. Four 3D seismic surveys have been acquired to date at the site, one baseline survey in 2005 prior to injection, two repeat surveys in 2009 and 2012 during the injection period, and one post-injection survey in 2015. To accurately simulate time-lapse seismic signatures in the subsurface, detailed 3D seismic property models for the baseline and repeat surveys were constructed by integrating borehole data and the 3D seismic data. Pseudo-boreholes between and beyond well control were built. A zero-offset convolution seismic modeling approach was used to generate synthetic time-lapse seismograms. This allowed simulations to be performed quickly and limited the introduction of artifacts in the seismic responses. Conventional seismic data have two limitations, uncertainty in detecting the CO2 plume in the reservoir and limited temporal resolution. In order to overcome these limitations, complex spectral decomposition was applied to the 3D time-lapse seismic data. Monochromatic wavelet phase and reflectivity amplitude components were decomposed from the 3D time-lapse seismic data. Wavelet phase anomalies associated with the CO2 plume were observed in the time-lapse data and verified by a series of seismic modeling studies. Tuning frequencies were determined from the balanced amplitude spectra in an attempt to discriminate between pressure effects and CO2 saturation. Quantitative assessment of the reservoir thickness and CO2 mass were performed. Time-lapse analysis on the post-injection survey was carried out and the results showed a consistent tendency with the previous repeat surveys in the CO2 migration, but with a decrease in the size of the amplitude anomaly. No systematic anomalies above the caprock were detected. Analysis of the signal to noise ratio and seismic simulations using the detailed 3D property models were performed to explain the observations. Estimation of the CO2 mass and uncertainties in it were investigated using two different approaches based on different velocity-saturation models.
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Bey, Scott Michael. "Reservoir Characterization and Seismic Expression of the Clinton Interval over Dominion's Gabor Gas Storage Field in North-East Ohio". Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1347391687.
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Thothong, Warinya. "Source, storage and mineralization of organic matter in a tropical water reservoir (Thailand) : relationship with soil erosion on the watershed". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066231.
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L’étude des flux de C dans une retenue d’eau du nord de la Thaïlande (Mae Thang, 220 ha, 35 x 106 m3) révèle que des facteurs climatiques (intensité des pluies) et anthropiques (mise en culture du bassin versant) caractérisés par des effets seuils, contrôlent les apports et le stockage de C dans les sédiments. Pendant les périodes de faibles debits d’entrée, les caractéristiques de la colonne d’eau sont contrôlées par les processus de production - minéralisation. La source principale de C est représentée par la biomasse aquatique. Pendant les périodes de forts débits, les apports de C sont essentiellement terrestres (plus de ca. 90 %). Bien que des concentrations élevées en CH4 dissous (jusqu’à 1650 µmol. L-1) ont pu être mesurées dans l’hypolimnion pendant la saison des pluies, les processus d’oxydation, renforcés au niveau de la thermocline et en relation avec la circulation d’eau profonde, réduisent considérablement l’exportation de CH4 dans l’épilimnion et son émission vers l’atmosphère. L’ensemble de ces données montre que le barrage peut être considéré comme un “puits” de C pour l’atmosphère avec une forte capacité de stockage (23,8 tC. Ha-1. Yr-1) et de faibles emissions de CH4.
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Haneberg-Diggs, Dominique Miguel. "Seismic attributes of the Clinton interval reservoir in the Dominion East Ohio Gabor gas storage field near North Canton, Ohio". Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1418759184.
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Hagemann, Birger. "Numerical and Analytical Modeling of Gas Mixing and Bio-Reactive Transport during Underground Hydrogen Storage". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0328/document.
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En rapport avec la transition énergétique, d’importantes capacités de stockage énergétique sont nécessaires pour intégrer la forte variation de la production énergétique au travers des centrales éoliennes et photovoltaïques. La transformation de l’énergie électrique en énergie chimique sous forme d’hydrogène est l’une des possibles techniques. La technologie de stockage de l’hydrogène souterrain, selon laquelle l’hydrogène est stocké dans les formations souterraines semblables au stockage du gaz naturel est actuellement un axe de recherche de plusieurs états européens. Par comparaison au stockage du gaz naturel dans les formations souterraines et qui est établie depuis de nombreuses années, l'hydrogène a montré des différences significatives dans son comportement hydrodynamique et biochimique. Ces aspects ont été étudiés dans la présente thèse en utilisant différentes approches analytiques et numériquesIn the context of energy revolution large quantities of storage capacity are required for the integration of strongly fluctuating energy production from wind and solar power plants. The conversion of electrical energy into chemical energy in the form of hydrogen is one of the technical possibilities. The technology of underground hydrogen storage (UHS), where hydrogen is stored in subsurface formations similar to the storage of natural gas, is currently in the exploratory focus of several European countries. Compared to the storage of natural gas in subsurface formations, which is established since many years, hydrogen shown some significant differences in its hydrodynamic and bio-chemical behavior. These aspects were investigated in the present thesis by different analytical and numerical approaches
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Nooner, Scott L. "Gravity changes associated with underground injections of CO₂ at the Sleipner storage reservoir in the North Sea, and other marine geodetic studies /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3171110.
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Dalton, Terra Ann. "Heterogeneity of Ohio’s Saline Reservoirs: Feldspar Abundance and its Effects on Carbon Sequestration". The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313433616.
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Imamoglu, Berker Yalin. "Operation Of Cascade Dams Considering Various Scenarios And Financial Analysis Of Scenarios". Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615413/index.pdf.
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In assuring the energy supply of Turkey, hydroelectric energy plays one of the most important roles in
plans formulated to realize equilibrium between energy production and consumption. Hydroelectric
power plants on Murat River, a tributary of Euphrates, is a part of the development plan
for energy production.
Operation of four dams in cascade on Murat River are simulated by using program package HECResSim.
For this purpose, ten scenarios are formulated to utilize the hydraulic potential of Murat
River between the elevations of 870 m 1225 m. This study provides detailed financial analyses of
scenarios and shows how HEC-ResSim program can be used in formulation of alternative scenarios.
Electric energy storage requirement due to the rising demand for peaking power is creating a
completely new market value, which is also increasing the attractiveness of pumped storage power
plants. The results of the simulation performed in Scenario 10 in which two pumped storage power
plants are considered have 15% higher internal rate of return value than the other scenarios with
conventional turbines. Results demonstrate the increasing attractiveness of the cascade system with
reversible pump turbines.
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Tipping, James Patrick. "The Analysis of Spot Price Stochasticity in Deregulated Wholesale Electricity Markets". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Management, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/864.
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Traditionally, time series of wholesale electricity market spot prices have been modelled either by mimicking market operation and equilibrating demand and supply, or by specifying an exogenous process for prices. More recently, a number of hybrid models have been developed, combining the merits of both methods. In this vein, we present an econometric model for daily spot prices in the New Zealand Electricity Market (NZEM) that utilises reservoir management theory to incorporate information on the hydro storage level, a recognised driver of NZEM spot price behaviour. In order to forecast future storage levels and prices, we also construct a model for daily reservoir releases that can be used in conjunction with time series of inflows. This analysis reveals that releases in New Zealand are driven primarily by hydrological factors, as opposed to market conditions. The combined price and storage forecasting model can be applied in a variety of contexts, and offers an alternative perspective to the traditional models of NZEM behaviour. Finally, we calibrate a Cournot model of market behaviour in the National Electricity Market of Australia during daily peak, shoulder and off-peak periods, adding credibility to the future application of such models. The resulting model parameters are, in general, consistent with conventional wisdom. Spot prices from this market are then modelled by combining the output of the analytical model with a stochastic price process.
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Hunter, Kelsey A. "CO2-Enhanced Water Recovery through Integrated CO2 Injection and Brine Extraction in the Rock Springs Uplift Formation in Southwest, WY". The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1511816662671574.
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Lira, Daniely Lidiany Costa. "Assoreamento em densas redes de reservatÃrios: o caso da bacia hidrogrÃfica da barragem Pereira de Miranda, Ce". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8835.
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FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃO presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar os impactos da densa rede de reservatÃrios da bacia hidrogrÃfica do aÃude Pereira de Miranda (Pentecoste) na produÃÃo de sedimentos e capacidade de armazenamento hÃdrica do sistema. A bacia estudada localiza-se no Nordeste Brasileiro, no Estado do CearÃ, com uma Ãrea de aproximadamente 3.230 km2. Possui uma precipitaÃÃo mÃdia anual de 854 mm e evaporaÃÃo potencial mÃdia observada em tanque do tipo classe A à de 1.464 mm. O solo e a vegetaÃÃo predominante sÃo do tipo luvissolo e caatinga arbustiva aberta. Imagens de satÃlite de anos Ãmidos foram utilizadas para levantamento da aÃudagem na bacia. Foram identificadas unidades de erosÃo derivadas da sobreposiÃÃo de mapas dos parÃmetros da EquaÃÃo Universal de Perdas do Solo (EUPS), o que permitiu a estimativa da erosÃo localizada na bacia e identificaÃÃo de Ãreas potencialmente produtoras de sedimento. Um modelo simplificado foi utilizado para simular a propagaÃÃo de sedimentos pela densa rede de reservatÃrios da bacia. Para estimativa do assoreamento no reservatÃrio Pereira de Miranda, diferentes cenÃrios de estrutura do sistema foram considerados. Foi estimada uma taxa de erosÃo mÃdia na bacia de 59 t.ha-1.ano-1, sendo que 42% da Ãrea da bacia apresenta grau de erosÃo moderado. De acordo com o modelo, o assoreamento do reservatÃrio Pentecoste pode variar de 1,1 a 2,6% por dÃcada, dependendo do cenÃrio considerado. Observa-se ainda que os reservatÃrios de montante podem reter atà 58% do sedimento que chegaria ao aÃude Pereira de Miranda. Os reservatÃrios muito pequenos, com capacidade de atà 100.000 mÂ, embora representem apenas 1,83% da disponibilidade hÃdrica do sistema, sÃo capazes de reter quase 8% do total de sedimento produzido. AnÃlises de sensibilidade mostram que a capacidade de retenÃÃo de sedimentos nos reservatÃrios de montante pode variar de 20 a 58%, dependendo da estrutura do sistema quanto à existÃncia de reservatÃrios de diferentes classes de tamanho. Constata-se ainda que a taxa de reduÃÃo da capacidade de armazenamento hÃdrica do sistema em funÃÃo do assoreamento dos reservatÃrios de montante à relativamente maior do que a observada para o aÃude Pereira de Miranda, devido à retenÃÃo de sedimentos a montante.
The present study aims at analyzing the impacts of the dense reservoir network of the Pereira de Miranda catchment in its sediment yield and water storage capacity of the system. The studied area is located in the Brazilian Semiarid region, in the State of CearÃ, with an area of approximately 3230 km2. It has an average annual rainfall of 854 mm and an annual potential evaporation of 1464 mm. The predominant soil and vegetation type are luvissolo and open shrub caatinga. Satellite imageries from wet years were used to identify the reservoirs of the catchment. Erosion units were identified derived from map overlay of the parameters of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), which enables the estimation of sediment yield and the identification of areas with high sediment production. A simplified model was used to simulate the sediment routing through the dense reservoir network of the basin. For the estimation of sedimentation at the Pereira de Miranda Reservoir, different scenarios of the system structure were considered. A mean erosion rate of 59 t.ha-1.year-1 was estimated for the basin, in which 42% of the basin area presents a moderate degree of erosion. According to the model, silting of the Pereira de Miranda reservoir may vary from 1.1 to 2.6 %.decade-1, depending on the scenario considered. One may observe that upstream reservoirs are able to retain until 58% of the sediments that would reach the Pereira de Miranda reservoir. The very small reservoirs, with storage capacity below 100,000 mÂ, are able to retain almost 8% of the generated sediments, although they represent just 1.83% of the system water storage capacity. Sensitivity analysis shows that the sediment retention capacity of the upstream reservoirs may vary from 20 to 58%, depending on the system structure concerning the presence of upstream reservoirs from different size classes. One may still conclude that the reduction rate of water storage capacity at the system as a function of reservoir siltation is relatively larger then that observed for the Pereira de Miranda reservoir, due to the upstream sediment retention.
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Sobek, Martin. "Strategické řízení zásobní funkce fiktivní vodní nádrže". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240442.
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The thesis is focused at verifying the functionality of adaptive control of fictive water reservoir. Flow rates are predicted using zonal prediction model. Fictive reservoirs located on the same flow in the other profiles. Functionality is verified by the control in 2000 – 2006. Next functionality is verified by the control in selected years.
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Casteleyn, Lisa. "Transfert de fluides dans les milieux poreux, le cas des carbonates et des interfaces argiles/calcaire. Etude intégrée de pétrophysique, de sédimentologie microstructurales. Le cas de deux carbonates : l'Oolithe Blanche du Bassin de Paris et la formation du Globigerina Limestone des îles maltaises. Interrelations of the petrophysical, sedimentological and microstructural properties of the Oolithe Blanche Formation (Bathonian, saline aquifer of the Paris Basin) An integrated study of the petrophysical properties of carbonate rocks from the “Oolithe Blanche” formation in the Paris Basin". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0503.
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Le stockage géologique est aujourd'hui envisagé dans plusieurs domaines tels que le stockage de CO2 ou celui de déchets nucléaires. C'est un projet à long terme qui nécessite un protocole d'étude particulier afin de déterminer et comprendre la formation envisagée, notamment en termes de mécanismes de transports. Les formations étudiées sont fonction du type de stockage dans le sens où un stockage de gaz ou de déchet radioactifs ne vont pas requérir les mêmes besoins. Dans le cas d'un stockage de CO2, la formation hôte doit posséder de bonnes propriétés réservoirs afin de, notamment, faciliter l'injection. Pour un stockage de déchets radioactifs, la formation hôte doit retenir au maximum les éventuelles fuites de fluides contaminés, c'est pourquoi les sites de stockage envisagés sont au sein de formation très peu poreuse et très peu perméable, argilite ou granite notamment.Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse sont liés à deux projets de stockage. Le premier a pour but l'étude pétrophysique d'une formation potentiellement hôte d'un stockage de CO2 dans le Bassin Parisien, la formation carbonatée de l'Oolithe Blanche. Cette formation, composée de trois faciès principaux, présente de faibles propriétés réservoir qui sont influencées par trois paramètres microstructuraux : la nature du liant, la quantité de compaction et, enfin, la taille des pores et leur distribution.Le second projet est basé sur l'étude d'un analogue structurale au laboratoire de Meuse/Haute-Marne de l'Andra pour le stockage de déchets radioactifs. Cet analogue est situé dans l'archipel Maltais, qui présente une structure tabulaire très proche de celle observée dans la région du laboratoire de Meuse/Haute-Marne : calcaire/argile/calcaire. Notre étude a permis la mise en évidence de plusieurs périodes de mouvement de fluides oxydants, dont une traversant l'ensemble de la formation argileuse, remettant ainsi en cause ses propriétés d'imperméabilitéGeological storage is now considered as a technical solution for CO2 storage andnuclear waste management (for high-level and intermediate-level long-lived radioactivewaste). A geological storage is a long term project which implies a particular protocol in orderto better determine and to better understand the host rock, especially in terms of transportmechanisms. The geological formations studied are chosen in function of their storagecapacity because gas storage or nuclear waste storage do not need the same requirements.In case of CO2 storage, the host formation must provide good reservoir properties in order tofacilitate the injection. Here, the safety of the storage is guaranteed by traps (structural,residual, mineral) and by the presence of a cap rock. Concerning nuclear waste storage, thehost must retain at best the potential radioactive fluids and gaz leaks, and this is the reasonwhy storage sites are studied within low porous and low permeable formation, like argillite orgranite.The work presented in the PhD thesis is related to two storage projects. The first oneis focused on the petrophysical study of a potential host for CO2 storage in the Paris Basin,the “Oolithe Blanche” carbonate formation. The second project is an analogue study of thesedimentary structure explored in the Meuse/Haute-Marne laboratory. This laboratory isstudied by ANDRA to be the first nuclear waste storage in a deep geological formation inFrance. The analogue was found in maltese archipelagos, which presents almost the sametabular structure as the one observed in the Meuse/Haute-Marne laboratory:limestone/clay/limestone affected by a weak tectonique deformation.In the first part, the Oolithe Blanche Formation study allowed to determine thereservoir properties of the three principals facies of the formation. This study was realized onplugs sampled on quarries in Burgundy (France). Those facies are characterized by differentenvironmental processes and deposit energy; nonetheless, they are all located within ashoreface depositional environment. They are composed of ooids, pellets and bioclasts invarying proportions. The reservoir properties studied showed the Oolithe Blanche Formationis a microporous one. Microstructural parameters which influence reservoir properties are:the cement type (sparite or micrite), amount of compaction characterized by the cementquantity and the contact between elements and, at last, the pore size distribution withinporous elements (micro, meso, macropores).The second part of this project is focused on a more petrophysical study which aimedat characterizing the pore network influence (volume, shape in space) on acoustic velocities,6electrical conductivity and on permeability. The study is completed by the use of permeabilitypredictive models based on mercury porosimetry spectra.The maltese archipelagos study is based on observations made by Missenard et al.(in prep.) .), Rocher et al., (2008) and Missenard et al. (2009, 2011) on the Blue ClayFormation, thick clay formation (~ 100 m) and on the underlying Globigerina Limestone. Theclay formation presents an important fracture network characterized by gypsum filling and byan oxidizing zone near the fractures. A similar oxidation, in the shape of lobes andmushrooms, is observed within the Globigerina Limestone.This study is also divided in two parts. In the first one, the focus is on the study ofgypsum filling fractures. Studying this filling is directly linked with the storage topic, because,in the case of a nuclear waste storage, the absence of fractures and fluid motion is animportant condition to insure the storage security. In the case of gypsums filling, the study isbased on geochemical measurements on oxygen (δ18O), sulphur (δ34S) and strontiumisotopes (87Sr/86Sr) coupled with a fluid inclusion study, all measurements performed ongypsum crystal. Those analyses allow us to propose a downward fluids circulation modelthrought the clays. Fluids source which is at the origin of gypsum’s precipitation seems to beyounger than the hosted formation. Because of the position of the maltese islands, inMediterranean sea, one potential source is the Messinian evaporites, which Sr isotopic ratiocorresponds well to our data set.The second part of the maltese study concerns the oxidation shape observed withinthe Globigerina Limestone. The aim is to determine the processes which allowed thisoxidation. The main question is: are those structures the results of an internal heterogeneityin the rock or the sign of a stop in a fluid motion (stop of the fluid or stop of the oxidizingmechanism)? In order to answer those questions we based our interpretaion on the skeletonof the rock (mineralogy, magnetic mineralogy, microstructural study, geochemistry), on poreand porosity (porosity measurements, mercury porosimetry…), on permeability and on therock anisotropy (susceptibility of magnetic anisotropy (SMA) and acoustic velocitiesanisotropy). Some conflicting differences on the dataset exist, especially on anisotropy data,which can suppose some complex processes
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Andersson, Sandra y Linn Bengtsson. "Utredning och analys av en vattenreservoars utformning och dimensioneringsprocess". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76525.
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Arbetet innefattar en undersökning kring vattenreservoarer där magasinsvolymer och konstruktionslösningar utreds samt analyseras. I nuläget saknas tydliga riktlinjer för hur reservoarer i mindre samhällen ska utformas och dimensioneras för att säkerställa vattenkvalitén och uppnå en säker vattenförsörjning. Målet och syftet med arbetet är att ta fram en magasinsvolym, identifiera viktiga aspekter att ta hänsyn till vid utformning av en reservoar samt presentera fördelar med och behovet av en vattenreservoar utifrån förbrukningsvariationer. Arbetet avgränsas till Lammhults förutsättningar där intervjuer, observationer, litteraturstudier, analyser och beräkningar ligger till grund för teori och resultat. Resultatet påvisar bland annat svårigheter i att analysera förbrukningsvariationer, vikten av lokal korrekt statistik och ifrågasättande av befintligt dimensioneringssätt för magasinsvolym. Arbetet kartlägger delvis vissa problemområden men vidare studier krävs för att fastställa lösningar inom områdena. Genom detta kan tydliga riktlinjer för att dimensionera och utforma en reservoar tas fram.The essay contains an assessment of water reservoirs, where an examination and analysis of storage volumes and construction solutions are carried out. Today there are no clear guidelines for how reservoirs in smaller communities should be designed and dimensioned to ensure water quality and guarantee a safe water supply. The goal and purpose of the essay is to calculate a storage volume, identify important aspects to consider in designing a reservoir, and present advantages with and the need of a water reservoir based on consumption variations. The assessment is limited to Lammhults’s conditions where interviews, observations, literature studies, analyses and calculations serve as a foundation for the theory and the result. The result demonstrates, among other things, difficulties, difficulties in analyzing consumption variations, the importance of local correct statistics and questioning of existing methods of dimensioning a storage volume. The essay partially some problem areas, but further studies are required to find solutions in the sector and straight guidelines regarding dimensions and design of reservoirs.
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Rajsiglová, Veronika. "Vodohospodářské řešení nádrže Vlachovice na vodním toku Vlára". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265330.
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The thesis focuses on a process of water management analysis of storage and protective function of the Vlachovice reservoir on the Vlára watercourse. The work contains an alternative proposal of the reservoir storage volume in Microsoft Excel, spreadsheet program with accessible functions whereby progression of arithmetic and logical algorithm simulating operation of reservoir storage function is created. An alternative proposal of protective volume of the reservoir is created in HYDROG program, where calculations of transformation of flood waves for PV 100, PV 1 000, and PV 10 000 are performed. Moreover, the work includes simplified analysis of the hydropower potential of the proposed reservoir.
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Urbanec, Patrik. "Řízení zásobní funkce nádrže s využitím metod umělé inteligence". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409736.
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The subject of this thesis is to control the storage function of the reservoir using artificial intelligence methods, including the construction of the appropriate control algorithm. The thesis is divided into the theoretical part and the part of the application of reservoir storage function control. The theoretical part describes the control algorithm and the prediction model. The following are basic optimization methods and artificial intelligence methods. The second part presents the historical data used for the prediction model. The following is a description of calibration and validation of the control module and evaluation of the application results. Finally, there is a comparison and summary of individual results, control algorithm and prediction model. According to the results, the control algorithm can be recommended for further investigation.
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Jobard, Emmanuel. "Modélisation expérimentale du stockage géologique du CO2 : étude particulière des interfaces entre ciment de puits, roche reservoir et roche couverture". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0013/document.
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Dans le cadre du stockage géologique de gaz acides, il est impératif de garantir l'intégrité des matériaux sollicités afin d'assurer un confinement pérenne du fluide injecté. Le but de ce travail de thèse est d'étudier, par le biais de modélisations expérimentales, les phénomènes pouvant être responsables de la déstabilisation du système et qui peuvent conduire à des fuites du gaz stocké. Le premier modèle expérimental, appelé COTAGES a permis d'étudier les effets de la déstabilisation thermique provoquée par l'injection d'un gaz à température ambiante dans un réservoir chaud. Ce dispositif a permis de mettre en évidence un transfert de matière important depuis la zone froide (30°C) vers la zone chaude (100°C) conduisant à des modifications des propriétés pétrophysiques. Ces résultats soulignent l'importance de la température d'injection sur la conservation des propriétés d'injectivité du système. Le second modèle, appelé "Sandwich" a permis d'étudier le comportement de l?interface entre la roche couverture (argilite COX) et le ciment de puits. Les expériences batch du modèle Sandwich en présence de CO2 ont permis de mettre en évidence une fracturation de l'interface provoquée par la carbonatation précoce du ciment. Ces résultats soulignent l'importance de l'état initial de la roche couverture dans la séquestration du fluide injecté. Le troisième modèle expérimental est le modèle MIRAGES. Ce dispositif innovant permet d'injecter en continu un flux de CO2 dans un échantillon. Les résultats ont mis en évidence un colmatage partiel de la porosité inter-oolithe à proximité du puits d'injection, ainsi qu'une carbonatation du ciment sous la forme d'un assemblage calcite/aragoniteIn the framework of the CO2 storage, it is crucial to ensure the integrity of the solicited materials in order to guarantee the permanent confinement of the sequestrated fluids. Using experimental simulation the purpose of this work is to study the mechanisms which could be responsible for the system destabilization and could lead CO2 leakage from the injection well. The first experimental model, called COTAGES allows studying the effects of the thermal destabilisation caused by the injection of a fluid at 25°C in a hotter reservoir (submitted to the geothermal gradient). This device allows demonstrating an important matter transfer from the cold area (30°C) toward the hot area (100°C). These results highlight the importance of the injection temperature on the injectivity properties and on the possible petrophysical evolutions of the near well. The second model, called ?Sandwich?, allow studying the behaviour of the interface between caprock (COX argillite) and well cement. Indeed, interfaces between the different rock and the well materials represent a weakness area (differential reactivity, fracturing?). Batch experiments carried out with this device in presence of CO2 show the fracturing of the interface caused by the early carbonation of the cement. The third experimental model, called MIRAGES is an innovative device which allows injecting continuously CO2 in a core sample. Samples made of Lavoux limestone and well cement reproduce the injection well at 1/20 scale. Results show a partial filling of the inter-oolithic porosity close to the injection well, and also the carbonation of the cement according to an assemblage of calcite/aragonite
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Harston, Walter Andrew. "Facies and Reservoir Characterization of the Permian White Rim Sandstone, Black Box Dolomite, and Black Dragon Member of the Triassic Moenkopi Formation for CO2 Storage and Sequestration at Woodside Field, East-Central Utah". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3567.
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Geologic sequestration of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) greenhouse gas emissions is an engineering solution that potentially reduces CO2 emissions released into the atmosphere thereby limiting their effect on climate change. This study focuses on Woodside field as a potential storage and sequestration site for CO2 emissions. The Woodside field is positioned on a doubly plunging, asymmetrical anticline on the northeast flank of the San Rafael Swell. Particular focus will be placed on the Permian White Rim Sandstone, Black Box Dolomite and Black Dragon Member of the Triassic Moenkopi Formation as the reservoir/seal system to store and sequester CO2 at Woodside field. The White Rim Sandstone, the primary target reservoir, is divided into three stratigraphic intervals based on facies analysis: a lower sand sheet facies (about 60 ft or 18 m), a thick middle eolian sandstone facies (about 390 ft or 119 m), and an upper marine reworked facies (about 70 ft or 21 m). Porosity and permeability analyses from the outcrop indicate good reservoir quality in the eolian sandstone and reworked facies. Porosity in the White Rim Sandstone ranges from 7.6 to 24.1% and permeability reaches up to 2.1 D. The maximum combined thickness of the three facies is 525 ft (160 m) at Woodside field providing a significant volume of porous and permeable rock in which to store CO2. The Black Box Dolomite is the secondary potential reservoir for CO2 storage at Woodside field and has a gross thickness up to 76 ft (23 m). The Black Box Dolomite is divided into four lithofacies: a basal nodular dolomudstone (8.2 -15 ft or 3.5-4.5 m), a dolowackestone (25-37 ft or 7.5-11 m), a dolomitic sandstone (0-8.2 ft or 0-2.5 m), and an upper sandy dolowackestone (0-16 ft or 0-4.9 m). Porosity and permeability analyses indicate reservoir potential in the dolowackestone, dolomitic sandstone, and sandy dolowackestone lithofacies. Porosity in the Black Box Dolomite ranges from 6.6 to 29.2% and permeability reaches up to 358 mD. The nodular dolomudstone lithofacies has relatively poor reservoir quality with porosity up to 9.4% and permeability up to 0.182 mD. This lithofacies could act as a baffle or barrier to fluid communication between the White Rim Sandstone and Black Box Dolomite. The Black Dragon Member of the Triassic Moenkopi Formation will serve as the seal rock for the relatively buoyant CO2 stored in the underlying formations. The Black Dragon Member is comprised of four lithofacies: a chert pebble conglomerate; an interbedded sandstone, siltstone, and shale; a trough cross-stratified sandstone, and an oolitic and algal limestone. The Black Dragon Member has a maximum thickness of 280 ft (85 m) at Woodside field. Mudstone beds contain from 0.16 to 0.47% porosity. QEMSCAN analysis indicates several minerals within shale beds that may react with a CO2-rich brine including calcite (18.73 to 23.43%), dolomite (7.56 to 7.89%), alkali feldspar (4.12 to 4.43 %), glauconite (0.04 to 0.05%), and plagioclase (0.03 to 0.04%). Silty mudstones comprise 75% of this member at Black Dragon Canyon. Volumetric estimates for Woodside field were calculated based on the 10th, 50th, and 90th percent probabilities (P10, P50, and P90). The White Rim Sandstone is the primary target reservoir and has capacity to hold 2.2, 8.8, or 23.7 million metric tonnes (P10, P50, and P90 respectively) of CO2 within the structural closure of Woodside field. The Black Box Dolomite may hold 0.5, 1.8, or 4.5 million metric tonnes, respectively of additional CO2 within the structural closure of Woodside field. These two formations combined have the capacity to store up to 28.3 million metric tonnes (P90) of CO2.
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Börner, Jana H. "Electrical phenomena during CO2–rock interaction under reservoir conditions : experimental investigations and their implications for electromagnetic monitoring applications". Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-206674.
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Geophysical methods are essential for exploration and monitoring of subsurface formations, e.g. in carbon dioxide sequestration or enhanced geothermal energy. One of the keys to their successful application is the knowledge of how the measured physical quantities are related to the desired reservoir parameters. The work presented in this thesis shows that the presence of carbon dioxide (CO2) in pore space gives rise to multiple processes all of which contribute to the electrical rock conductivity variation. Basically, three mechanisms take place: (1) CO2 partially replaces the pore water, which is equivalent to a decrease in water saturation. (2) CO2 chemically interacts with the pore water by dissolution and dissociation. These processes change both the chemical composition and the pH of the pore filling fluid. (3) The low-pH environment can give rise to mineral dissolution and/or precipitation processes and changes the properties of the grain-water interface.
Investigations on the pore water phase show that the reactive nature of CO2 in all physical states significantly acts on the electrical conductivity of saline pore waters. The physico-chemical interaction appears in different manifestations depending mainly on the pore water composition (salinity, ion types) but also on both temperature and pressure. The complex behaviour includes a low- and a high-salinity regime originating from the conductivity increasing effect of CO2 dissociation, which is opposed by the conductivity decreasing effect of reduced ion activity caused by the enhanced mutual impediment of all solutes. These results are fundamental since the properties of the water phase significantly act on all conduction mechanisms in porous media. In order to predict the variation of pore water conductivity, both a semi-analytical formulation and an empirical relationship for correcting the pore water conductivity, which depends on salinity, pressure and temperature, are derived.
The central part of the laboratory experiments covers the spectral complex conductivity of water-bearing sand during exposure to and flow-through by CO2 at pressures up to 30MPa and temperatures up to 80°C. It is shown that the impact of CO2 on the real part of conductivity of a clean quartz sand is dominated by the low- and high-salinity regime of the pore water. The obtained data further show that chemical interaction causes a reduction of interface conductivity, which could be related to the low pH in the acidic environment. This effect is described by a correction term, which is a constant value as a first approximation. When the impact of CO2 is taken into account, a correct reconstruction of fluid saturation from electrical measurements is possible. In addition, changes of the inner surface area, which are related to mineral dissolution or precipitation processes, can be quantified.
Both the knowledge gained from the laboratory experiments and a new workflow for the description and incorporation of geological geometry models enable realistic finite element simulations. Those were conducted for three different electromagnetic methods applied in the geological scenario of a fictitious carbon dioxide sequestration site. The results show that electromagnetic methods can play an important role in monitoring CO2 sequestration. Compared to other geophysical methods, electromagnetic techniques are generally very sensitive to pore fluids. The proper configuration of sources and receivers for a suitable electromagnetic method that generates the appropriate current systems is essential.
Its reactive nature causes CO2 to interact with a water-bearing porous rock in a much more complex manner than non-reactive gases. Without knowledge of the specific interactions between CO2 and rock, a determination of saturation and, consequently, a successful monitoring are possible only to a limited extend. The presented work provides fundamental laboratory investigations for the understanding of the electrical properties of rocks when the reactive gas CO2 enters the rock-water system. All laboratory results are put in the context of potential monitoring applications. The transfer from petrophysical investigations to the planning of an operational monitoring design by means of close-to-reality 3D FE simulations
is accomplished.
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Clarke, Amy Louise. "Evaluating the variability of static carbon dioxide storage capacity estimates through integrated analysis of reservoir structure, aquifer performance and thermodynamic behaviour : case studies from three depleted triassic gas fields on the UK continental shelf". Thesis, Durham University, 2014. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10644/.
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Evaluation of the variability of theoretical and effective CO2 storage capacity estimation within depleted gas reservoirs is dependent on the integrated analysis of reservoir structure, aquifer performance and thermodynamic behaviour. Four published theoretical CO2 storage capacity methods and one effective method have been used to estimate the capacity and variability of two Triassic depletion drive reservoirs and two Triassic water drive reservoirs located within the UK Southern North Sea and East Irish Sea Basin. Input parameters to the storage capacity equations have shown a degree of natural variability whereas others are more accurately constrained. As such, attempts have been made to more accurately constrain the most variable input parameters. The geometric, petrophysical and production characteristics of the reservoirs are analysed. Material balance methods are used to assess the reservoir drive mechanism of the reservoirs. If reservoirs are found to experience a water drive, the aquifer strength is estimated. The gas compressibility factor, gas formation volume factor and CO2 density is estimated under initial reservoir temperature conditions using six equations of state for comparison of results. These results are then input to storage capacity equations producing a range of estimates. The most susceptible parameter to variability was the cumulative volume of water influx to a reservoir, We. Variability was also found to be the result of error in estimation of the original gas in place. As such, the water drive reservoirs made further use of aquifer modelling to achieve more precise estimates of OGIP and We. The effective capacity coefficients for the various reservoirs have been estimated to assess the proportion of pore space available for CO2 storage. The effective CO2 storage capacity constitutes a fraction of the theoretical CO2 storage capacity which ranges between 0 (no storage possible) and 1 (all theoretically accessible pore volume is occupied by CO2). Overall, it was found that depletion drive reservoirs have the potential to store greater volumes of CO2 than water drive reservoirs whose aquifer waters occupy the newly liberated pore space.
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Pinheiro, Laura Amélia Pereira. "Efeitos de seca prolongada na diversidade beta de assembleias de peixes de um reservatório semiárido". Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2015. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/376.
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The Santa Cruz reservoir suffered interferences in the reduction of the rain level between 2010 and 2014, where the precipitation values were under the expected level in that region, decreasing from 473 mm to 0 mm and resulting in the progressive reduction of the reservoir volume from 94% until 41.9%. So the objective of this study was: (1) test the effect of the reduction level of the water in the reservoir caused by the decreasing of the pluviosity above the beta diversity; (2) investigate spacial and temporal patterns of the beta diversity of the group using dissimilarity indexes based in incidences (β-sor) and abundance (β-bray); (3) investigate the importance of the turnover (β-sim) and nestedness (β-sne) components in the dissimilarities of Sorensen; (4) investigate the importance of the gradiente (β-gra) and balance (β-bal) components in the dissimilarity of Bray-Curtis; (5) evaluate the relations between the measures and components of dissimilarity and the dried gradients (reduction of the water volume and the monthly rains) and longitudinal (gradient dam-river) where the dissimilarities of Sorensen were calculated and so partitioned in components of turnover and nestedness, and also the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity partitioned in components of ballance and gradiente. To evaluate the correlation between the dissimilarity matrix and the dam-river gradient with the dry gradients, it was made multiples regressions in the distance matrix. The average value of the β-sor dissimilarity was from 0.44± 0.15 varying from 0 to 1. The β-sim values shows 56% of β-sor (p=0.001) while the β-sne was 1.4% (p=0.01). The average value of the Bray Curtis dissimilarities was from 0.70± 0.17 varying from 0.09 to 1. The β-bal value shows 12% (p=0.01), where the β-gra value shows 14% (p=0.01). The β-sor matrix was negatively correlated with the pluviosity, however the same was positively correlated with the reservoir volume. The β-sim matrix was negatively correlated with the pluviosity and with the volume of the reservoir while the same was positively correlated with the points distance. The β-sne matrix was positively correlated only with the distance matrix of the points. The β-bray matrix was positively correlated with the distance of the points and the reservoir s volume. The β-bal matrix was negatively correlated with the distances of the points and the pluviosity, while the same was positively correlated with the reservoir s volume. The β-gra matrix was positively correlated with the distance. This research revealed that the dry gradient changes the ecosystem of a tropical reservoir, principally by the turnover of the species and the abundance gradient.
O reservatório de Santa Cruz sofreu a interferência na redução do nível de chuvas de 2010 a 2014, onde os valores de precipitação foram inferiores ao nível médio da região, variando de 473 mm a 0 mm, resultando na redução progressiva do volume do reservatório reduzindo assim de 94% em até 41,9%, com isso, o objetivo da pesquisa foi: (1) Testar o efeito da redução do nível de água do reservatório, ocasionado pela diminuição da pluviosidade, sobre a diversidade beta (2) Investigar padrões espaciais e temporais de diversidade beta das assembleias usando índices de dissimilaridade baseados em incidência (β-sor) e abundancia (β-bray) (3) Investigar a importância dos componentes de turnover (β-sim) e aninhamento (β-sne) nas dissimilaridades de Sorensen (4) Investigar a importância dos componentes de gradiente (β-gra) e balanço (β-bal) na dissimilaridade de Bray-Curtis (5) Avaliar as relações entre as medidas e componentes de dissimilaridade e os gradientes de seca (redução do volume da água e da chuva mensal) e longitudinal (gradiente barragem-rio), onde foram foram calculadas as dissimilaridade de Sorensen e assim particionada em componentes de turnorver e aninhamento, e também a dissimilaridade de Bray-Curtis particionada em componentes de balanço e gradiente. Para avaliar as correlações entre as matrizes de dissimilaridade e o gradiente barragem rio com os gradientes de seca, foi feitas regressões múltiplas em matrizes de distâncias. O valor médio da dissimilaridade de β-sor foi de 0,44± 0,15 variando de 0 à 1 .Os valores de β-sim explicou 56% de β-sor (p=0,001) enquanto o de β-sne 1,4% (p=0,01). O valor médio da dissimilaridade de Bray Curtis foi de 0,70± 0,17, variando de 0,09 à 1, O valor de β-bal explicou 12% (p=0,01), enquanto o valor de B-gra explicou 14% (p=0,01). A matriz β-sor foi correlacionada negativamente com a pluviosidade, no entanto a mesma foi correlacionada positivamente com o volume do reservatório. A matriz β-sim foi correlacionada negativamente com a pluviosidade e com o volume do reservatório, enquanto a mesma foi correlacionada positivamente com a distância dos pontos. A matriz β-sne foi correlacionada positivamente apenas com a matriz de distância dos pontos. A matriz β-bray foi correlacionada positivamente com a distância dos pontos e volume do reservatório. A matriz β-bal foi correlacionada negativamente com a distância dos pontos e com a pluviosidade, enquanto a mesma foi positivamente correlacionada com o volume do reservatório A matriz β-gra foi correlacionada positivamente com a distância. A presente pesquisa evidenciou que gradiente de seca altera o ecossistema de um reservatório tropical, principalmente por turnorver de espécies e gradiente de abundancia
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Paseka, Stanislav. "Analýza nejistot hydrologických a provozních parametrů na vodohospodářské řešení zásobní funkce nádrže". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240316.
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The aim of the thesis is to introduce the concept of Monte Carlo method for incorporating the uncertainties into the all hydrological and operational data inputs, which are needed to design and operation of large open water reservoir. Incorporating uncertainties into data inputs during calculation of reservoir storage capacity, then the consequent active conservation storage capacity is loaded by uncertainties. In the same way the values of outflow water from reservoir and hydrological reliability are affected by these uncertainties as well. For these kind of calculations the reservoir simulation model has been used, which simulate behavior operation of reservoir and is able to evaluate the results of simulations and help to reduction risk of storage capacity failure, respectively reduction of water shortages during reservoirs operation during low water and dry periods.
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Školník, Martin. "Studie přečerpávací vodní elektrárny". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372130.
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This master’s thesis deals with the feasibility study of the pumped-storage hydropower plant. Design is divided at three parts – upper water-reservoir with water intake, penstock with cabel tunnel and mechanical room with four Francis reversible turbine. Study contains engineering report, hydraulic calculations, photodocumentation and drawing documentation.
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Kazantsev, Alexandre. "Perturbations d'amplitude du bruit ambiant au droit des hétérogéneités : étude de faisabilité pour l'exploration et la surveillance de réservoirs multi-fluide". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM075/document.
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L'objet de cette thèse est l'étude des possibles mécanismes élastiques expliquant l'amplification du bruit ambiant au droit de certains réservoirs multi-phasiques. Trois jeux de données sont traités. La signature spectrale observée d'un réservoir de vapeur géothermique est différente de celle d'un stockage de gaz. Dans une approche empirique, un algorithme de classification permet d'extraire et de cartographier les anomalies que l'on présume liées au réservoir. Un travail de modélisation est effectué pour tenter d'expliquer les anomalies mesurées. Dans les données réelles, une forte présence de modes supérieurs d'ondes de Rayleigh est détectée. On modélise numériquement en 2D la propagation de ces modes à travers un réservoir placé au sein d'une structure géologique réaliste. La réponse simulée du réservoir se révèle trop faible par rapport aux observations de terrain. Néanmoins, on parvient à inverser les faibles perturbations d'amplitude synthétiques pour la position du réservoir, dans des modèles de référence simples. Cette méthode pourrait être utilisable pour l'imagerie à partir de faibles variations d'amplitudes dans le cadre du monitoring. Pour ce qui est de fortes anomalies observées sur le terrain , il est à noter que les effets visco-élastiques, les effets 3D, et les effets liés à un éventuel champ incident diffus n'ont pas été pris en compte dans la modélisation. Ainsi ce travail n'exclut pas la possibilité de telles anomalies liées à la présence d'un réservoirThis PhD work investigates the possible elastic mechanisms behind the ambient noise amplification above multi-phase fluid reservoirs. Three datasets are analysed above different reservoirs. The observed spectral signature is different in the gas storage and geothermal contexts. A non-supervised algorithm for amplitude spectrum classification is developed, allowing to extract and map the relevant attributes of a multi-phase fluid presence. As a first modelling step, a wavefield characterisation methodology is applied to determine the composition of the ambient noise. It reveals the presence of strong Rayleigh overtones. Numerical 2D elastic modelling is used to simulate the propagation of overtones across a reservoir within a realistic geological structure. The modelled reservoir response is too small compared to the real data. However, the small amplitude perturbations arising in the numerical simulations are successfully inverted for the position of the reservoir, in simple background models. The developed method could in theory be used for imaging small time-lapse amplitude variations (monitoring), despite the obstacles remaining to be overcome before a real-data application. Neither visco-elastic nor 3D effects are adressed. Thus this work does not exclude the possibility of strong reservoir-specific spectral anomalies