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1

Coburn, Brian J., Chris Cosner, and Shigui Ruan. "Emergence and dynamics of influenza super-strains." BMC Public Health 11, Suppl 1 (2011): S6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-s1-s6.

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2

DALSGAARD, A., O. SERICHANTALERGS, A. FORSLUND, C. PITARANGSI, and P. ECHEVERRIA. "Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolated in Samutsakorn, Thailand before, during and after the emergence of V. cholerae O139." Epidemiology and Infection 121, no. 2 (1998): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268898001125.

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Seventy clinical strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolated from 1982–96 in Samutsakorn, a port city 30 km southwest of Bangkok where cholera occurs at low levels with regular seasonality, were characterized to investigate if there were any differences among the O1 strains isolated before, during and after the O139 epidemic. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing, ribotyping and southern blot hybridization with a cholera toxin probe (CT genotyping) demonstrated several genotypes among O1 strains isolated before the emergence of V. cholerae O139. However, O1 strains isolated during and afte
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3

Voineagu, Lavinia, Victoria Braga, Mihaela Botnarciuc, Adina Barbu, and Mirela Tataru. "Emergence of Staphylococcus hominis Strains in General Infections." ARS Medica Tomitana 18, no. 2 (2012): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10307-012-0016-8.

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Abstract A retrospective analysis of microbiology data from general infections was performed. From 105 isolates strains of Staphylococcus spp. 36 (34,28%) were Staphylococcus epidermidis, 33 (31,42%) Staphylococcus aureus, 21 (20%) Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and 15 (14,28%) were Staphylococcus hominis. Results: S. hominis isolates were predominantly resistant to betalactamins (93,33 %) and even Imidazole (60 %). 53,33 % of strains were resistent to aminosides and 33,33 % to Ciprofloxacin. All strains (100%) were sensitive to Vancomycin, but also all were susceptibile to Quinupristin-Dalfopri
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4

Bell, Jan, John Turnidge, Geoffrey Coombs, and Frances O'Brien. "Emergence and epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in Australia." Communicable Diseases Intelligence 22 (October 29, 1998): 249–52. https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.1998.22.57.

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Enterococci with acquired resistance to vancomycin and other glycopeptides (VRE) have emerged and spread rapidly through Europe and the United States since 1988. The first isolate of VRE in Australia occurred in 1994. Only one case was noted in 1995. Since March 1996 there has been a steady increase in the number of reports of VRE throughout the country. To August 1998 there have been 69 documented strains or clusters of strains detected in patients with documented infection, and about 3 times as many strains have been detected through screening procedures of contacts or in risk groups. 19% of
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5

Ohtsuka, Masayuki, Ken Kikuchi, Kenichiro Shimizu, et al. "Emergence of Quinolone-Resistant Bordetella pertussis in Japan." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 7 (2009): 3147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00023-09.

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ABSTRACT Six Bordetella pertussis strains isolated from children in Japan from 2004 to 2006 showed high-level resistance to nalidixic acid (NAL; MIC, >256 μg/ml) and decreased susceptibilities to fluoroquinolones. All of the NAL-resistant strains had the same D87G mutation in gyrA.
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6

Steele, A. D., and B. Ivanoff. "Rotavirus strains circulating in Africa during 1996–1999: emergence of G9 strains and P[6] strains." Vaccine 21, no. 5-6 (2003): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-410x(02)00616-3.

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7

Salerno, Francesco, and Massimo Cazzaniga. "Therapeutic strategies and emergence of multiresistant bacterial strains." Internal and Emergency Medicine 5, S1 (2010): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11739-010-0447-9.

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8

Lipnitskiy, A. V., I. A. Barkova, V. A. Antonov, A. M. Barkov, and A. V. Novozhenina. "TO THE QUESTION OF THE EVOLUTION OF BACILLUS ANTHRACIS MICROBE." Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases 18, no. 5 (2013): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/eid40794.

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The objective of the review - the analysis of results of researches on the characteristics of strains of bacilli from the B.cereus sensu lato group, causing anthrax-like diseases of the people and some animal species. The facts testify that along with the evolution of Bacillus anthracis microbe which has led to acquisition of major factors of virulence - plasmids рХО1 and рХО2, emergence of strains of bacilli with plasmids of virulence similar to B. anthracis, but retaining B.cereus sensu strico properties is possible. The reasons and conditions of emergence of such strains aren't established
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9

Eyngor, Marina, Yoram Tekoah, Roni Shapira, et al. "Emergence of Novel Streptococcus iniae Exopolysaccharide-Producing Strains following Vaccination with Nonproducing Strains." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 22 (2008): 6892–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00853-08.

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ABSTRACT Streptococcus iniae is a major pathogen of fish, producing fatal disease among fish species living in very diverse environments. Recently, reoccurrences of disease outbreaks were recorded in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) farms where the entire fish population was routinely vaccinated. New strains are distinguished from previous strains by their ability to produce large amounts of extracellular polysaccharide that is released into the medium. Present findings indicate that the extracellular polysaccharide is a major antigenic factor, suggesting an evolutionary selection
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10

Vandenbussche, Frank, Elisabeth Mathijs, Wannes Philips, et al. "Recombinant LSDV Strains in Asia: Vaccine Spillover or Natural Emergence?" Viruses 14, no. 7 (2022): 1429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14071429.

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From 2017 to 2019, several vaccine-like recombinant strains of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) were discovered in Kazakhstan and neighbouring regions of Russia and China. Shortly before their emergence, the authorities in Kazakhstan launched a mass vaccination campaign with the Neethling-based Lumpivax vaccine. Since none of the other countries in the affected region had used a homologous LSDV vaccine, it was soon suspected that the Lumpivax vaccine was the cause of these unusual LSDV strains. In this study, we performed a genome-wide molecular analysis to investigate the composition of two Lu
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11

Doan, Yen Hai, Francis Ekow Dennis, Nobuhiro Takemae, et al. "Emergence of Intergenogroup Reassortant G9P[4] Strains Following Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction in Ghana." Viruses 15, no. 12 (2023): 2453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15122453.

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Rotavirus (RVA) is a leading cause of childhood gastroenteritis. RVA vaccines have reduced the global disease burden; however, the emergence of intergenogroup reassortant strains is a growing concern. During surveillance in Ghana, we observed the emergence of G9P[4] RVA strains in the fourth year after RVA vaccine introduction. To investigate whether Ghanaian G9P[4] strains also exhibited the DS-1-like backbone, as seen in reassortant G1/G3/G8/G9 strains found in other countries in recent years, this study determined the whole genome sequences of fifteen G9P[4] and two G2P[4] RVA strains detec
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12

Lukashev, A. N., V. A. Lashkevich, G. A. Koroleva, J. Ilonen, and A. E. Hinkkanen. "Recombination in uveitis-causing enterovirus strains." Journal of General Virology 85, no. 2 (2004): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.19469-0.

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The complete nucleotide sequences of three human echovirus (EV) 11 strains and one EV19 strain, all of which caused outbreaks of enterovirus uveitis (EU), a new infant disease first identified in 1980 in Siberia, were determined. One EV11 strain which caused an outbreak of sepsis-like disease in Hungary was also sequenced. All four EV11 strains were mosaic recombinants of the prototype EV11 strain Gregory, with their non-structural coding regions and 5′ NTRs being more similar to other prototype enteroviruses (EV1, EV9). However, this finding is probably a feature of all circulating enteroviru
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13

Cui, Mingquan, Jiyun Li, Tariq Ali, et al. "Emergence of livestock-associated MRSA ST398 from bulk tank milk, China." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 75, no. 12 (2020): 3471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaa367.

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Abstract Objectives To detect livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) ST398 from bulk tank milk in China and to determine the phenotypic and genomic characteristics of the strains. Methods LA-MRSA ST398 strains were isolated from bulk tank milk samples in Shanghai and their susceptibilities to antimicrobials were determined using the broth dilution method. Genomic characterization of MRSA ST398 strains was performed by WGS and their evolutionary relationships were assessed by phylogenetic analysis. Results Two LA-MRSA ST398 isolates were recovered from bulk tank milk samples in two geographically
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14

Bálint, Ádám, István Kiss, Krisztián Bányai, et al. "Emergence and characterisation of pandemic H1N1 influenza viruses in Hungarian swine herds." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 61, no. 1 (2013): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.2012.059.

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In 2010, two novel porcine H1N1 influenza viruses were isolated from pigs with influenza-like illness in Hungarian swine herds. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of these strains revealed that they shared molecular features with the pandemic H1N1 influenza virus strains, which emerged globally during 2009. The PB2, HA and NA genes contained unique amino acid changes compared to the available new H1N1 influenza virus sequences of pig origin. Furthermore, the investigated strains could be separated with respect to parallel amino acid substitutions affecting the polymerase genes (PB2, PB1 and PA
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15

RHEE, CHAE HONG, and GUN-JO WOO. "Emergence and Characterization of Foodborne Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Korea." Journal of Food Protection 73, no. 12 (2010): 2285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-73.12.2285.

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A total of 165 Staphylococcus aureus strains, isolated from different food samples between 2003 and 2006, were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. The mecA-positive methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains were further characterized by testing for various virulence genes and by molecular typing with multilocus sequence typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Of the 165 S. aureus isolates, 150 strains (90.9%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic while no strain was resistant to vancomycin. Four strains were resistant to both oxacillin and cefoxitin and were mecA positive. T
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16

Tschudin-Sutter, Sarah, Reno Frei, Günter Kampf, et al. "Emergence of Glutaraldehyde-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 32, no. 12 (2011): 1173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/662624.

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Objective.In November 2009, routine sampling of endoscopes performed to monitor the effectiveness of the endoscope-cleaning procedure at our hospital detected Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Herein we report the results of the subsequent investigation.Design and Methods.The investigation included environmental cultures for source investigation, molecular analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to reveal the identity of the strains, and determination of the bactericidal activity of the glutaraldehyde-based disinfectant used for automated endoscope reprocessing. In addition, patient outcome
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17

Kucharski, Adam, and Julia R. Gog. "Influenza emergence in the face of evolutionary constraints." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1729 (2011): 645–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.1168.

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Different influenza subtypes can evolve at very different rates, but the causes are not well understood. In this paper, we explore whether differences in transmissibility between subtypes can play a role if there are fitness constraints on antigenic evolution. We investigate the problem using a mathematical model that separates the interaction of strains through cross-immunity from the process of emergence for new antigenic variants. Evolutionary constraints are also included with antigenic mutation incurring a fitness cost. We show that the transmissibility of a strain can become disproportio
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18

Mondal, Shaonpius, Yu-Hsuan Lin, Juliet E. Carroll, et al. "Potato virus Y Transmission Efficiency from Potato Infected with Single or Multiple Virus Strains." Phytopathology® 107, no. 4 (2017): 491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-09-16-0322-r.

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There has been a recent shift in the prevalence of Potato virus Y (PVY) strains affecting potato with the ordinary strain PVYO declining and the recombinant strains PVYNTN and PVYN:O emerging in the United States. Multiple PVY strains are commonly found in potato fields and even in individual plants. Factors contributing to the emergence of the recombinant strains are not well defined but differential aphid transmission of strains from single and mixed infections may play a role. We found that the transmission efficiencies by Myzus persicae, the green peach aphid, of PVYNTN, PVYN:O, and PVYO v
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19

Griffin, Diane E. "Emergence and re-emergence of viral diseases of the central nervous system." Progress in Neurobiology 91, no. 2 (2010): 95–101. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13531333.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Neurologic disease is a major cause of disability in resource-poor countries and a substantial portion of this disease is due to infections of the CNS. A wide variety of emerging and re-emerging viruses contribute to this disease burden. New emerging infections are commonly due to RNA viruses that have expanded their geographic range, spread from animal reservoirs or acquired new neurovirulence properties. Mosquito-borne viruses with expanding ranges include West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and Chikungunya virus. Zoonotic viruses t
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20

Griffin, Diane E. "Emergence and re-emergence of viral diseases of the central nervous system." Progress in Neurobiology 91, no. 2 (2010): 95–101. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13531333.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Neurologic disease is a major cause of disability in resource-poor countries and a substantial portion of this disease is due to infections of the CNS. A wide variety of emerging and re-emerging viruses contribute to this disease burden. New emerging infections are commonly due to RNA viruses that have expanded their geographic range, spread from animal reservoirs or acquired new neurovirulence properties. Mosquito-borne viruses with expanding ranges include West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and Chikungunya virus. Zoonotic viruses t
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21

Morozumi, Miyuki, Keiko Hasegawa, Reiko Kobayashi, et al. "Emergence of Macrolide-Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae with a 23S rRNA Gene Mutation." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, no. 6 (2005): 2302–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.6.2302-2306.2005.

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ABSTRACT A total of 195 Mycoplasma pneumoniae strains were isolated from 2,462 clinical specimens collected between April 2002 and March 2004 from pediatric outpatients with respiratory tract infections. Susceptibilities to six macrolide antibiotics (ML), telithromycin, minocycline, levofloxacin, and sitafloxacin were determined by the microdilution method using PPLO broth. A total of 183 M. pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to all agents and had excellent MIC90s in the following order: 0.00195 μg/ml for azithromycin and telithromycin, 0.0078 μg/ml for clarithromycin, 0.0156 μg/ml for eryth
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22

Zhang, Rong, Dachuan Lin, Edward Wai-chi Chan, Danxia Gu, Gong-Xiang Chen, and Sheng Chen. "Emergence of Carbapenem-Resistant Serotype K1 Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains in China." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 60, no. 1 (2015): 709–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.02173-15.

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ABSTRACTWe report the emergence of five carbapenem-resistant K1 hypervirulentKlebsiella pneumoniae(hvKP) strains which caused fatal infections in hospital patients in Zhejiang Province, China, upon entry through surgical wounds. Genotyping results revealed the existence of three genetically related strains which exhibited a new sequence type, ST1797, and revealed that all strains harbored themagAandwcaGvirulence genes and a plasmid-borneblaKPC-2gene. These findings indicate that K1 hvKP is simultaneously hypervirulent, multidrug resistant, and transmissible.
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23

Zhu, Bolin, and Dong Qiu. "Dynamic analysis and optimal control of co-infection system under different outbreak times of mutant strains." AIMS Allergy and Immunology 8, no. 3 (2024): 167–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/allergy.2024009.

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<p>In epidemic prevention efforts, the emergence of new virus strains due to mutations greatly complicates the prediction and management of epidemics. Most of the current mathematical models of infectious diseases assume that the mutant strain and the original strain have the same outbreak time, which is obviously an ideal situation. In order to make the study more practical, we consider the general situation of outbreaks of mutated strains. At the same time, the optimal control strategy under different emergence time of mutant strains was proposed by using the optimal control theory and
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24

Vizzi, Esmeralda, Rita E. Rosales, Oscar Piñeros, et al. "Emergence of Equine-like G3P[8] Rotavirus Strains Infecting Children in Venezuela." Viruses 17, no. 3 (2025): 410. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17030410.

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Rotavirus alphagastroenteritidis is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide in young humans and animals. In 2023–2024, a relatively high rotavirus detection rate (34.5%) was detected in children with diarrhea in Caracas. All rotavirus strains were typed as P[8], using a multiplex RT-PCR assay, while the G-type was not identified. This unusual pattern, not previously observed in Venezuela, prompted the VP7 gene sequencing of nineteen strains, which displayed a high sequence identity (99.3–100%) compatible with the G3 genotype. These strains clustered into a well-supported lineage I
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25

Thanusuwannasak, Thanundorn, Jiratchaya Puenpa, Watchaporn Chuchaona, Sompong Vongpunsawad, and Yong Poovorawan. "Emergence of multiple norovirus strains in Thailand, 2015–2017." Infection, Genetics and Evolution 61 (July 2018): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2018.03.021.

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26

Tanaka, Masatoshi. "Emergence of multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains circulating worldwide." International Journal of Urology 19, no. 2 (2011): 98–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.2011.02891.x.

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27

RAKOTOMALALA, Rivo Solotiana SOANKASINA Abel Hermann ANDRIAMIHARISOA Stéphanie RABENANDRIANINA Tahirimalala RAJAONATAHIANA Davidra RAZANAKOLONA Lala Rasoamialy Soa RASAMINDRAKOTROKA Andry RAKOTO ALSON Aimée Olivat. "Emergence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains in Mahajanga." South East Asia Journal of Medical Sciences 4, no. 1 (2020): 2–5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3931131.

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Methicillin-resistant&nbsp;<em>Staphylococcus aureus&nbsp;</em>(MRSA) becomes along decades one of the main organisms affecting the health cares area. Thus, the present study was conducted with aims of determining the resistance phenotype of the methicillin-resistant germ, to identify the type of sampling, and to locate hospital departments that are mostly exposed to risks. A retrospective, a descriptional study was conducted at the laboratory of the microbiology of the UHC Professeur Zafisaona Gabriel (PZaGa) for five years from January 2013 to December 2017. In whole, 97 samples with&nbsp;<e
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28

Torrance, Lesley, and Michael E. Talianksy. "Potato Virus Y Emergence and Evolution from the Andes of South America to Become a Major Destructive Pathogen of Potato and Other Solanaceous Crops Worldwide." Viruses 12, no. 12 (2020): 1430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12121430.

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The potato was introduced to Europe from the Andes of South America in the 16th century, and today it is grown worldwide; it is a nutritious staple food eaten by millions and underpins food security in many countries. Unknowingly, potato virus Y (PVY) was also introduced through trade in infected potato tubers, and it has become the most important viral pathogen of potato. Phylogenetic analysis has revealed the spread and emergence of strains of PVY, including strains causing economically important diseases in tobacco, tomato and pepper, and that the virus continues to evolve with the relative
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29

Mello, A. F. S., R. K. Yokomi, U. Melcher, J. C. Chen, A. C. Wayadande, and J. Fletcher. "Genetic Diversity of Spiroplasma citri Strains from Different Regions, Hosts, and Isolation Dates." Phytopathology® 98, no. 9 (2008): 960–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-98-9-0960.

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Spiroplasma citri, a phloem-limited pathogen, causes citrus stubborn disease (CSD). Losses due to CSD in California orchards have grown over the past decade. To investigate the possibility of introduction or emergence of a new strain, a study of genetic diversity among S. citri strains from various locations was conducted using random amplified polymorphism DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) of 35 strains cultured from 1980 to 1993, and of 35 strains cultured from 2005 to 2006. Analysis using 20 primer pairs revealed considerable diversity among strains. However, no unique genetic signat
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30

Tokarz, Rafal, Cadhla Firth, Shabir A. Madhi, et al. "Worldwide emergence of multiple clades of enterovirus 68." Journal of General Virology 93, no. 9 (2012): 1952–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.043935-0.

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Human enterovirus 68 (EV-D68) is a historically rarely reported virus linked with respiratory disease. In the past 3 years, a large increase in respiratory disease associated with EV-D68 has been reported, with documented outbreaks in North America, Europe and Asia. In several outbreaks, genetic differences were identified among the circulating strains, indicating the presence of multiple clades. In this report, we analyse archived and novel EV-D68 strains from Africa and the USA, obtained from patients with respiratory illness. Phylogenetic analysis of all EV-D68 sequences indicates that, ove
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31

Gunnels, Tess, Ronald A. Shikiya, Taylor C. York, Alyssa J. Block, and Jason C. Bartz. "Evidence for preexisting prion substrain diversity in a biologically cloned prion strain." PLOS Pathogens 19, no. 9 (2023): e1011632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011632.

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Prion diseases are a group of inevitably fatal neurodegenerative disorders affecting numerous mammalian species, including Sapiens. Prions are composed of PrPSc, the disease specific conformation of the host encoded prion protein. Prion strains are operationally defined as a heritable phenotype of disease under controlled transmission conditions. Treatment of rodents with anti-prion drugs results in the emergence of drug-resistant prion strains and suggest that prion strains are comprised of a dominant strain and substrains. While much experimental evidence is consistent with this hypothesis,
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32

Lee, Woojung, Min-Hee Kim, Soohyun Sung, et al. "Genome-Based Characterization of Hybrid Shiga Toxin-Producing and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC/ETEC) Strains Isolated in South Korea, 2016–2020." Microorganisms 11, no. 5 (2023): 1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11051285.

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The global emergence of hybrid diarrheagenic E. coli strains incorporating genetic markers from different pathotypes is a public health concern. Hybrids of Shiga toxin-producing and enterotoxigenic E. coli (STEC/ETEC) are associated with diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in humans. In this study, we identified and characterized STEC/ETEC hybrid strains isolated from livestock feces (cattle and pigs) and animal food sources (beef, pork, and meat patties) in South Korea between 2016 and 2020. The strains were positive for genes from STEC and ETEC, such as stx (encodes Shiga toxins, St
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33

Johnson, Leonard B., Anilrudh A. Venugopal, Joan Pawlak, and Louis D. Saravolatz. "Emergence of Community-Associated Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusInfection Among Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 27, no. 10 (2006): 1057–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/507958.

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Objective.To evaluate the frequency of infections due to community-associated methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(CA-MRSA) strains among our patients with end-stage renal disease.Design.Prospective observational clinical and laboratory study of patients in 2005. Molecular features of isolates recovered from these patients were compared with those of isolates recovered in 2000 from patients with end-stage renal disease.Setting.A 600-bed urban academic medical center.Patients.Thirty-two patients with end-stage renal disease and MRSA infection at the time of hospitalization from 2005 were
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34

Zhang, J. X., A. G. Xue, and J. T. Tambong. "Evaluation of Seed and Soil Treatments with Novel Bacillus subtilis Strains for Control of Soybean Root Rot Caused by Fusarium oxysporum and F. graminearum." Plant Disease 93, no. 12 (2009): 1317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-12-1317.

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Fusarium root rot is an important disease of soybean in Ontario, Canada. This study is to select antagonistic bacterial agents as effective alternatives to chemical pesticides for the control of root rots caused by Fusarium oxysporum and F. graminearum. Twenty-two Bacillus subtilis strains from soybean and corn roots were tested in dual cultures for inhibition of mycelial growth of F. oxysporum and F. graminearum. All strains significantly reduced mycelial growth of F. oxysporum by approximately 17 to 48% and of F. graminearum by 10 to 32%. Ten B. subtilis strains selected based on their large
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35

SINGH, P., M. CHHABRA, P. SHARMA, et al. "Molecular epidemiology of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in India." Epidemiology and Infection 144, no. 16 (2016): 3422–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268816001886.

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SUMMARYCrimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an emerging zoonotic disease in India which is prevalent in neighbouring countries. CCHF virus (CCHFV) is a widespread tick-borne virus which is endemic in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe and the Middle East. In the present study, samples of clinically suspected human cases from different areas of northern-western India were tested for the presence of CCHFV by RT–PCR through amplification of nucleocapsid (N) gene of CCHFV. Positive samples were sequenced to reveal the prevailing CCHFV genotype(s) and phylogenetic relatedness. A phylogenetic tree r
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Ankita, Lokhande, and Deshpande Aarti. "Screening of Ayurvedic Drugs against Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 13, no. 9 (2024): 165–72. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2024.1309.018.

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Emergence of resistance against commonly used antibiotics has become a serious global concern. The emergence of antimicrobial or multidrug resistance to standard antibiotics associated with Staphylococcus aureus causes a benefit of interest to ayurvedic drugs as an effective means of control. Acetone, ethanol, methanol, and aqueous hot and cold extracts of nine ayurvedic churnas viz Manjishta, Kadunimchal, Neempati, Behada, Arjusal, Trikatu, Dhataki, Jati and Marich were tested for their antibacterial action against three multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical
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37

Reed, Joseph M., Stewart G. Gardner, Nagendra N. Mishra, Arnold S. Bayer, and Greg A. Somerville. "Metabolic interventions for the prevention and treatment of daptomycin non-susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 74, no. 8 (2019): 2274–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkz194.

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AbstractBackgroundA major developing problem in the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections is the emergence of resistance during treatment with daptomycin. Previous metabolomic analyses of isogenic S. aureus strains prior to and after evolution into a daptomycin non-susceptible (DapNS) state provided important metabolic information about this transition (e.g. perturbations of the tricarboxylic acid cycle).ObjectivesTo assess the significance of these metabolic changes, in vitro susceptibility to daptomycin was determined in daptomycin-susceptible (DapS) and DapNSS. aureus strains cultiv
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38

Weinstein, Robert A. "Endemic Emergence of Cephalosporin-Resistant Enterobacter: Relation to Prior Therapy." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 7, S2 (1986): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700065632.

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The “second” and “third” generation cephalosporins offer striking antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of Enterobacteriaceae. Nevertheless, mutants resistant to these drugs have emerged in both laboratory and clinical settings. For example, before the commercial availability of the third-generation agents, we treated three cardiac surgery patients for Enterobacter mediastinitis with aminoglycosides and high doses of cefamandole. In two, initial treatment failed due to emergence of strains that were not only resistant to cefamandole, but also to then experimental third-generation drug
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39

Galiakbarova, Alsu Anvarovna. "Factors affecting the emergence of antibiotic-resistant enterobacteria." Vrač skoroj pomoŝi (Emergency Doctor), no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-02-2101-05.

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The biological properties of the archival strains of Escherichia were studied using automatic analyzers Vitek 2 and Sensititre. In addition, the antibiotic sensitivity, genetic identification, and enzymatic properties were determined.
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40

Wang, Eryu, Aaron C. Brault, Ann M. Powers, Wenli Kang, and Scott C. Weaver. "Glycosaminoglycan Binding Properties of Natural Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Isolates." Journal of Virology 77, no. 2 (2003): 1204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.2.1204-1210.2003.

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ABSTRACT Equine-virulent, epidemic/epizootic strains of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus (VEEV) arise via mutation of progenitor enzootic strains that replicate poorly in equines. Sequencing studies have implicated positively charged amino acids on the surface of the E2 envelope glycoprotein in the acquisition of equine virulence and viremia potential, suggesting that changes in binding to cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) may mediate VEE emergence. Therefore, we evaluated the binding of natural enzootic and epizootic VEEV isolates to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing
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41

Kazemi, M., R. Kasra Kermanshahi, E. Heshmat Dehkordi, F. Payami, and M. Behjati. "Resistance Index of Penicillin-Resistant Bacteria to Various Physicochemical Agents." ISRN Microbiology 2012 (January 31, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/789474.

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Widespread use of various antimicrobial agents resulted in the emergence of bacterial resistance. Mechanisms like direct efflux, formation, and sequestration of metals and drugs in complexes and antiporter pumps are some examples. This investigation aims to investigate the resistance pattern of penicillin-resistant bacterial strains to some physicochemical agents. Sensitivity/resistance pattern of common bacterial strains to antimicrobial agents were evaluated by disk diffusion assay. Broth and agar dilution method were used for determination of minimum inhibitory concentration and minimal bac
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42

Xiu, Leshan, Qianqin Yuan, Yamei Li, Chi Zhang, Lingli Tang, and Junping Peng. "Emergence of ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains harbouring a novel mosaic penA gene in China." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 75, no. 4 (2020): 907–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkz530.

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Abstract Objectives The continuous emergence of ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains threatens the effectiveness of current treatment regimens for gonorrhoea. The objective of the present study was to characterize three ceftriaxone-resistant N. gonorrhoeae strains with a novel mosaic penA allele isolated in China. Methods Three ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains (GC150, GC161 and GC208) isolated in 2017 were characterized by N. gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST), MLST and N. gonorrhoeae sequence typing for antimicrobial resistance (NG-STAR). Reco
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43

Zain, Nor Azimah Mohd, Nurezzaati Othman, and Mohd Suardi Suhaimi. "The Emergence of Multidrug Resistance Bacteria at Kong Kong River, Johor, Malaysia: Preliminary Study." Proceedings of the Singapore National Academy of Science 13, no. 01 (2019): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2591722619400015.

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Kampung Kong Kong Laut is a fishing village located in Kong Kong, Masai, Johor, Malaysia that is one of the main seafood producers in the area. The status quo on the emergence of the multidrug resistance bacteria in Johor is unknown. Thus, this study aims at investigating the emergence of multidrug resistance bacteria in the water sample form the selected site. Besides that, the resistance of the isolated bacteria toward antibiotics were studied against selected antibiotics, such as ampicilin, bacitracin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid and streptomycin. A total of 18
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44

Oliveira, Gabriel S., Raquel P. Costa, Paula Gomes, Maria Salomé Gomes, Tânia Silva, and Cátia Teixeira. "Antimicrobial Peptides as Potential Anti-Tubercular Leads: A Concise Review." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 4 (2021): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14040323.

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Despite being considered a public health emergency for the last 25 years, tuberculosis (TB) is still one of the deadliest infectious diseases, responsible for over a million deaths every year. The length and toxicity of available treatments and the increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis renders standard regimens increasingly inefficient and emphasizes the urgency to develop new approaches that are not only cost- and time-effective but also less toxic. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are small cationic and amphipathic molecules that play a vital role in t
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45

Enebak, S. A. "Rhizobacteria Isolated from Loblolly Pine Seedlings Mediate Growth-Promotion of Greenhouse-Grown Loblolly, Slash, and Longleaf Pine Seedlings." Forest Science 51, no. 6 (2005): 541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/51.6.541.

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Abstract Loblolly (Pinus taeda L.), slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.), and longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seeds were inoculated in the greenhouse with rhizobacteria recovered from 4-month-old bareroot loblolly pine seedlings. Emergence and seedling densities were determined at 3- and 8-week intervals after sowing, respectively, with root and shoot biomass measured at 12 weeks. All bacterial strains significantly increased the speed of seedling emergence relative to untreated loblolly and slash pine seeds, while five strains significantly slowed longleaf germination. For loblolly and slash
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46

Schjørring, Susanne, and Karen A. Krogfelt. "Assessment of Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance Transfer in the Gut." International Journal of Microbiology 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/312956.

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We assessed horizontal gene transfer between bacteria in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. During the last decades, the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains and treatment failures of bacterial infections have increased the public awareness of antibiotic usage. The use of broad spectrum antibiotics creates a selective pressure on the bacterial flora, thus increasing the emergence of multiresistant bacteria, which results in a vicious circle of treatments and emergence of new antibiotic resistant bacteria. The human gastrointestinal tract is a massive reservoir of bacteria with a potential f
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47

Arista, Serenella, Giovanni M. Giammanco, Simona De Grazia, et al. "Heterogeneity and Temporal Dynamics of Evolution of G1 Human Rotaviruses in a Settled Population." Journal of Virology 80, no. 21 (2006): 10724–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00340-06.

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ABSTRACT A rotavirus sample collection from 19 consecutive years was used to investigate the heterogeneity and the dynamics of evolution of G1 rotavirus strains in a geographically defined population. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 gene sequences of G1P[8] human rotavirus strains showed the circulation of a heterogeneous population comprising three lineages and seven sublineages. Increases in the circulation of G1 rotaviruses were apparently associated with the introduction of novel G1 strains that exhibited multiple amino acid changes in antigenic regions involved in rotavirus neutralizatio
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48

Shah, Pir Tariq, Amina Nawal Bahoussi, Caiting Yang, et al. "Genetic Characteristics and Phylogeographic Dynamics of Lagoviruses, 1988–2021." Viruses 15, no. 4 (2023): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15040815.

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Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), European brown hare syndrome virus (EBHSV), rabbit calicivirus (RCV), and hare calicivirus (HaCV) belong to the genus Lagovirus of the Caliciviridae family that causes severe diseases in rabbits and several hare (Lepus) species. Previously, Lagoviruses were classified into two genogroups, e.g., GI (RHDVs and RCVs) and GII (EBHSV and HaCV) based on partial genomes, e.g., VP60 coding sequences. Herein, we provide a robust phylogenetic classification of all the Lagovirus strains based on full-length genomes, grouping all the available 240 strains identifi
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49

Rump, Lydia V., Markus Fischer, and Narjol González-Escalona. "Different IS629Transposition Frequencies Exhibited by Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strains in the Stepwise Evolutionary Model." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 14 (2011): 5030–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00249-11.

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ABSTRACTThe insertion sequence IS629, which is highly prevalent inEscherichia coliO157:H7 genomes, was found to be absent in O157:H− strains, which are on a divergent pathway in the emergence of O157:H7. Although O157:H− is deficient in IS629, it permits IS629transposition, with an excision frequency higher than that of ancestral O55:H7 strains but significantly lower than that of pathogenic O157:H7 strains.
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50

Hafeez, F. Y., M. E. Safdar, A. U. Chaudhry, and K. A. Malik. "Rhizobial inoculation improves seedling emergence, nutrient uptake and growth of cotton." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 6 (2004): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03074.

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Experiments were conducted to determine the growth promoting activities of various rhizobia in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under growth room conditions. Seeds of 4 cotton cultivars were inoculated with 4-indole-3-acetic acid producing selected (Brady) rhizobium strains and Azotobacter plant growth promoting rhizobacteria strains, included as a positive control. Growth responses to inoculation exhibited bacterial strain-cotton cultivar specificity and also included increase in rate of seedling emergence by 3–9%. Shoot dry weight, biomass and N uptake were increased by 48, 75 and 57%, respect
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