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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Structure zonales"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 21 de diciembre de 2024

Última modificación: 31 de julio de 2025

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1

López-Carbonell, M., A. Moret, and M. Nadal. "Changes in Cell Ultrastructure and Zeatin Riboside Concentrations in Hedera helix, Pelargonium zonale, Prunus avium, and Rubus ulmifolius Leaves Infected by Fungi." Plant Disease 82, no. 8 (1998): 914–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.8.914.

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Ultrastructural alterations in epidermal and mesophyll cells and variations in endogenous zeatin riboside (ZR) concentrations were studied in leaves of Hedera helix, Pelargonium zonale, Pru-nus avium, and Rubus ulmifolius infected by Colletotrichum trichellum, Puccinia pelargonii-zonalis, Cercospora circumscissa, and Phragmidium violaceum, respectively. Infected tissues showed a marked increase in vesicles, myelin-like structures, and electron-dense bodies associated with plasma membranes. The main changes to the chloroplast included thylakoid swelling and disruption of the chloroplast envelop

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2

Gerber, Edwin P., and Geoffrey K. Vallis. "A Stochastic Model for the Spatial Structure of Annular Patterns of Variability and the North Atlantic Oscillation." Journal of Climate 18, no. 12 (2005): 2102–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3337.1.

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Abstract Meridional dipoles of zonal wind and geopotential height are found extensively in empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis and single-point correlation maps of observations and models. Notable examples are the North Atlantic Oscillation and the so-called annular modes (or the Arctic Oscillation). Minimal stochastic models are developed to explain the origin of such structure. In particular, highly idealized, analytic, purely stochastic models of the barotropic, zonally averaged zonal wind and of the zonally averaged surface pressure are constructed, and it is found that the meridi

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3

Cash, Benjamin A., Paul J. Kushner, and Geoffrey K. Vallis. "Zonal Asymmetries, Teleconnections, and Annular Patterns in a GCM." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 62, no. 1 (2005): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-3361.1.

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Abstract The influence of zonally asymmetric boundary conditions on the leading modes of variability in a suite of atmospheric general circulation models is investigated. The set of experiments consists of nine model configurations, with varying degrees and types of zonal asymmetry in their boundary conditions. The structure of the leading EOF varies with the zonal asymmetry of the base state for each model configuration. In particular, a close relationship is found between the structure of the EOF and the model storm tracks. An approximately linear relationship is found to hold between the ma

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4

Helfrich, Karl R., and Joseph Pedlosky. "Time-dependent isolated anomalies in zonal flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 251 (June 1993): 377–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112093003453.

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A theory is developed for time-dependent coherent structures in a marginally stable atmospheric zonal flow. The coherent structures have the form of solitary waves travelling in the zonal direction. Analytical solutions are found for stationary solitary waves but these are shown to be always unstable. The instability manifests itself either as a fission of the structure subsequently emitting two oppositely directed travelling solitary waves or as an implosion in which the structure becomes increasingly more narrow and intense. Which of the two occurs depends sensitively on initial conditions.

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5

SEVGİLİ, HASAN, DENİZ ŞİRİN, KLAUS-GERHARD HELLER, and MİCHÈLE LEMONNIER-DARCEMONT. "Review of the Poecilimon (Poecilimon) zonatus species group and description of new species from Turkey with data on bioacoustics and morphology (Orthoptera: Phaneropterinae)." Zootaxa 4417, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4417.1.1.

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The aim of this study is to conduct a detailed taxonomic revision of the Poecilimon (Poecilimon) zonatus species-group (Orthoptera: Phaneropterinae) using both morphology and bioacoustics. Two new species (Poecilimon (Poecilimon) salmani, P. (P) azizsancar) and one new subspecies (P. (P) zonatus datca) are described. Based on the data, we conclude that the species complex can be separated into two subgroups (P. tauricola and P. zonatus). Within the P. zonatus subgroup, song structures indicate P. variicercis as basal branch since producing two syllable types is possibly a derived character. Fr

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6

Wedi, Nils P., and Piotr K. Smolarkiewicz. "A Nonlinear Perspective on the Dynamics of the MJO: Idealized Large-Eddy Simulations." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 67, no. 4 (2010): 1202–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jas3160.1.

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Abstract The 30–60-day intraseasonal atmospheric oscillation in the equatorial atmosphere, the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), is most visible in its signature of outgoing longwave radiation and associated convective centers. Diabatic processes related to tropical convection and two-way atmosphere–ocean interaction are hence generally believed to be crucial in explaining the origin of the MJO phenomenon. However, reliable deterministic forecasting of the MJO in global circulation models and understanding its mechanism remains unsatisfactory. Here a different approach is taken, where the hypot

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7

Hall, Nicholas M. J., George N. Kiladis, and Chris D. Thorncroft. "Three-Dimensional Structure and Dynamics of African Easterly Waves. Part II: Dynamical Modes." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 63, no. 9 (2006): 2231–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3742.1.

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Abstract A primitive equation model is used to study the linear normal modes of the African easterly jet (AEJ). Reanalysis data from the summertime mean (June–September; JJAS) flow is used to provide zonally uniform and wavy basic states. The structure and growth rates of modes that grow over West Africa on these basic states are analyzed. For zonally uniform basic states, the modes resemble African easterly waves (AEWs) as in many previous studies, but they are quite baroclinic and surface intensified. For wavy basic states the modes have a longitudinal structure determined by the AEJ. They h

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8

Adames, Ángel F., and John M. Wallace. "On the Tropical Atmospheric Signature of El Niño." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 74, no. 6 (2017): 1923–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-16-0309.1.

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Abstract The linear atmospheric signature of ENSO, obtained by regressing fields of geopotential height Z, wind, vertical velocity, and rainfall upon the Niño-3.4 sea surface temperature (SST) index, is partitioned into zonally symmetric and eddy components. The zonally symmetric component is thermally forced by the narrowing and intensification of the zonally averaged equatorial rain belt during El Niño and mechanically forced by the weakening of the upper-tropospheric equatorial stationary waves and their associated flux of wave activity. The eddy component of the ENSO signature is decompose

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9

Pilette, Daniel. "Les acteurs de zonage et leurs pratiques." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 22, no. 57 (2005): 393–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/021411ar.

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Divers intervenants assument la responsabilité de l'évolution du zonage municipal, lequel se concrétise par des amendements apportés au règlement de zonage de base. L'article rend compte d'une enquête, menée dans les villes de Longueuil, Brossard et Boucherville, et visant à éclairer la situation et les intérêts des divers acteurs impliqués dans le processus du zonage en soulignant les mécanismes d'interaction. Il tente aussi de préciser les effets des amendements du point de vue de l'utilisation effective du sol urbain. Enfin, il rend compte des diverses perceptions du zonage en tant qu'instr

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10

Magnusdottir, Gudrun, and Chia-Chi Wang. "Intertropical Convergence Zones during the Active Season in Daily Data." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 65, no. 7 (2008): 2425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jas2518.1.

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Abstract Synoptic-scale variability of vorticity structures in the lower troposphere of the tropics is analyzed in 23 yr of daily averaged high-resolution reanalysis data. The vorticity structures can be divided into zonally elongated vorticity strips, classified as intertropical convergence zones (ITCZs), and more localized maxima, termed westward-propagating disturbances. A composite of such variability is presented for the east to central Pacific and for the east Atlantic/Africa region, both in summer. The composite in the east Pacific is zonally elongated and ITCZ-like, propagating westwar

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11

Golebiowska, Aleksandra A., and Syam P. Nukavarapu. "Bio-inspired zonal-structured matrices for bone-cartilage interface engineering." Biofabrication 14, no. 2 (2022): 025016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/ac5413.

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Abstract Design and development of scaffold structures for osteochondral (OC) interface regeneration is a significant engineering challenge. Recent efforts are aimed at recapitulating the unique compositional and hierarchical structure of an OC interface. Conventional scaffold fabrication techniques often have limited design control and reproducibility, and the development of OC scaffolds with zonal hierarchy and structural integrity between zones is especially challenging. In this study, a series of multi-zonal and gradient structures were designed and fabricated using three-dimensional biopr

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12

Du, Yin, Zhiqing Xie, Ning Wang, Qian Miao, and Lingling Zhang. "Influence of Zonal Variation of the Subtropical Westerly Jet on Rainfall Patterns and Frequency of Heavy Precipitation Events over East Asia." Journal of Climate 35, no. 20 (2022): 3011–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-21-0872.1.

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Abstract Understanding the effects of zonal variation of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet (EAWJ) on spatial features of heavy precipitation events requires characterization of the shape, orientation, position, and scale of both the EAWJ and rain belts. Applying a rotating calipers algorithm, jet-axis tracking, wavelet analysis, and K-means clustering algorithm, spatial structures of both the EAWJ and rain belts were quantified for each heavy rainfall event lasting 3 days (3-day-HRE) in 1983–2020. The results reveal that approximately 90% of the EAWJs related to 3-day-HREs had a statisti

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13

O’Kane, Terence J., Didier P. Monselesan, James S. Risbey, Illia Horenko, and Christian L. E. Franzke. "Research Article. On memory, dimension, and atmospheric teleconnections." Mathematics of Climate and Weather Forecasting 3, no. 1 (2017): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mcwf-2017-0001.

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AbstractUsing reanalysed atmospheric data and applying a data-driven multiscale approximation to non-stationary dynamical processes, we undertake a systematic examination of the role of memory and dimensionality in defining the quasi-stationary states of the troposphere over the recent decades. We focus on the role of teleconnections characterised by either zonally-oriented wave trains or meridional dipolar structures. We consider the impact of various strategies for dimension reduction based on principal component analysis, diagonalization and truncation.We include the impact of memory by con

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14

Song, Jie, Wen Zhou, Xin Wang, and Chongyin Li. "Zonal Asymmetry of the Annular Mode and Its Downstream Subtropical Jet: An Idealized Model Study." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 68, no. 9 (2011): 1946–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jas3656.1.

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Abstract This study investigates linkages between the zonal asymmetry of the annular mode (AM) zonal pattern and the subtropical jet (STJ) over its downstream regions of the storm track by using an idealized model. Observational analyses show that the AM zonal patterns are more zonally asymmetric during days when the STJ downstream of the storm track is unusually strong, and vice versa. In the idealized model, the STJ downstream of the storm track is varied by introducing an additional zonally localized tropical heating. The model’s AM variability exhibits a nearly zonally uniform structure wh

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15

Fogt, Ryan L., Julie M. Jones, and James Renwick. "Seasonal Zonal Asymmetries in the Southern Annular Mode and Their Impact on Regional Temperature Anomalies." Journal of Climate 25, no. 18 (2012): 6253–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00474.1.

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Abstract The Southern Hemisphere annular mode (SAM) is the dominant mode of climate variability in the extratropical Southern Hemisphere. Representing variations in pressure and the corresponding changes to the circumpolar zonal flow, it is typically thought of as an “annular” or ringlike structure. However, on seasonal time scales the zonal symmetry observed in the SAM in monthly or annual mean data is much less marked. This study further examines the seasonal changes in the SAM structure and explores temperature signals across the Southern Hemisphere that are strongly tied to the asymmetric

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16

Haqq-Misra, Jacob, Sukyoung Lee, and Dargan M. W. Frierson. "Tropopause Structure and the Role of Eddies." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 68, no. 12 (2011): 2930–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-087.1.

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Abstract This paper presents a series of dynamical states using an idealized three-dimensional general circulation model with gray radiation and latent heat release. Beginning with the case of radiative–convective equilibrium, an eddy-free two-dimensional state with zonally symmetric flow is developed, followed by a three-dimensional state that includes baroclinic eddy fluxes. In both dry and moist cases, it is found that the deepening of the tropical tropospheric layer and the shape of the extratropical tropopause can be understood through eddy-driven processes such as the stratospheric Brewe

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17

Poyrazoglu, Gokturk. "Determination of Price Zones during Transition from Uniform to Zonal Electricity Market: A Case Study for Turkey." Energies 14, no. 4 (2021): 1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041014.

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In the electricity market, different pricing models can be applied to increase market competitiveness. Different electricity systems use different market structures. Uniform marginal pricing, zonal marginal pricing, and nodal marginal pricing methods are commonly used market structures. For markets wishing to move from a uniform pricing structure to a more competitive zonal pricing structure, the determination of price zones is critical for achieving a competitive market that generates accurate price signals. Three different pricing zone detection algorithms are analyzed in this paper includin

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18

Samuha, Shmuel, Yaakov Krimer, and Louisa Meshi. "Strategies for full structure solution of intermetallic compounds using precession electron diffraction zonal data." Journal of Applied Crystallography 47, no. 3 (2014): 1032–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576714009200.

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Owing to the individuality of intermetallic compounds, they are regarded as a special class of materials. As such, there is a need to develop a step-by-step methodology for solution of their structure. The current paper adapts the methodology of structure solution from precession electron diffraction (PED) zonal data for intermetallics. The optimization of PED parameters for structure determination was achieved through the development of the atomic model of a well known Mg17Al12(β) intermetallic phase. It was concluded that the PED acquisition parameters, the number of unique reflections and t

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19

Kiladis, George N., Katherine H. Straub, and Patrick T. Haertel. "Zonal and Vertical Structure of the Madden–Julian Oscillation." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 62, no. 8 (2005): 2790–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3520.1.

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Abstract A statistical study of the three-dimensional structure of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is carried out by projecting dynamical fields from reanalysis and radiosonde data onto space–time filtered outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data. MJO convection is generally preceded by low-level convergence and upward motion in the lower troposphere, while subsidence, cooling, and drying prevail aloft. This leads to moistening of the boundary layer and the development of shallow convection, followed by a gradual and then more rapid lofting of moisture into the middle troposphere at the onse

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20

Inozemtsev, V. I. "On the Structure of Zonal Spherical Functions on Symmetric Spaces of Negative Curvature of Type AII." Nelineinaya Dinamika 15, no. 2 (2019): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20537/nd190207.

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21

Thompson, Andrew F., and Jean-Baptiste Sallée. "Jets and Topography: Jet Transitions and the Impact on Transport in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current." Journal of Physical Oceanography 42, no. 6 (2012): 956–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-11-0135.1.

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Abstract The Southern Ocean’s Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) naturally lends itself to interpretations using a zonally averaged framework. Yet, navigation around steep and complicated bathymetric obstacles suggests that local dynamics may be far removed from those described by zonally symmetric models. In this study, both observational and numerical results indicate that zonal asymmetries, in the form of topography, impact global flow structure and transport properties. The conclusions are based on a suite of more than 1.5 million virtual drifter trajectories advected using a satellite al

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22

Diansky, N. A., and V. A. Bagatinsky. "The thermohaline structure of the North Atlantic waters in different phases of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation." Известия Российской академии наук. Физика атмосферы и океана 55, no. 6 (2019): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0002-3515556157-170.

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The meridional structure of climatic trends and anomalies of potential temperature and salinity in the North Atlantic waters in different periods of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in 19482017 are studied based on the EN4 and WOA2013 objective analyses data. An analysis of these different data sets allowed us to reveal almost identical patterns of variability of the thermohaline fields of the North Atlantic, which increases the reliability of the results. Long-term temperature and salinity trends simulated over the period 19482017 show that warming and salinization of water occur i

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23

Monahan, Adam H., and John C. Fyfe. "On the Nature of Zonal Jet EOFs." Journal of Climate 19, no. 24 (2006): 6409–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3960.1.

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Abstract Analytic results are obtained for the mean and covariance structure of an idealized zonal jet that fluctuates in strength, position, and width. Through a systematic perturbation analysis, the leading empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) and principal component (PC) time series are obtained. These EOFs are built of linear combinations of basic patterns corresponding to monopole, dipole, and tripole structures. The analytic results demonstrate that in general the individual EOF modes cannot be interpreted in terms of individual physical processes. In particular, while the dipole EOF (s

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24

Whitehouse, S. G., S. R. Lewis, I. M. Moroz, and P. L. Read. "A simplified model of the Martian atmosphere - Part 2: a POD-Galerkin analysis." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 12, no. 5 (2005): 625–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-12-625-2005.

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Abstract. In Part I of this study Whitehouse et al. (2005) performed a diagnostic analysis of a simplied model of the Martian atmosphere, in which topography was absent and in which heating was modelled as Newtonian relaxation towards a zonally symmetric equilibrium temperature field. There we derived a reduced-order approximation to the vertical and the horizonal structure of the baroclinically unstable Martian atmosphere, retaining only the barotropic mode and the leading order baroclinic modes. Our objectives in Part II of the study are to incorporate these approximations into a Proper Orth

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25

Baines, Peter G. "The zonal structure of the Hadley circulation." Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 23, no. 6 (2006): 869–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00376-006-0869-5.

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26

Kang, In-Sik, Fei Liu, Min-Seop Ahn, Young-Min Yang, and Bin Wang. "The Role of SST Structure in Convectively Coupled Kelvin–Rossby Waves and Its Implications for MJO Formation." Journal of Climate 26, no. 16 (2013): 5915–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00303.1.

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Abstract The dynamics of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) are investigated using an aqua-planet general circulation model (GCM) and a simple one-and-a-half-layer model with a first-baroclinic mode and a planetary boundary layer. The aqua-planet GCM with zonally symmetric SST conditions simulates tropical intraseasonal disturbances with a dominant time scale of about 20 days, which is much faster than that of the observed MJO, although the GCM with realistic surface boundary conditions is shown to reproduce the observed MJO reasonably well. The SST with a broader meridional structure slows d

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27

Gabriel, A., H. Körnich, S. Lossow, D. H. W. Peters, J. Urban, and D. Murtagh. "Zonal asymmetries in middle atmospheric ozone and water vapour derived from Odin satellite data 2001–2010." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 18 (2011): 9865–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-9865-2011.

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Abstract. Stationary wave patterns in middle atmospheric ozone (O3) and water vapour (H2O) are an important factor in the atmospheric circulation, but there is a strong gap in diagnosing and understanding their configuration and origin. Based on Odin satellite data from 2001 to 2010 we investigate the stationary wave patterns in O3 and H2O as indicated by the seasonal long-term means of the zonally asymmetric components O3* = O3-[O3] and H2O* = H2O-[H2O] ([O3], [H2O]: zonal means). At mid- and polar latitudes we find a pronounced wave one pattern in both constituents. In the Northern Hemispher

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28

Markelov, D. A., N. Y. Mineeva, A. P. Akolzin, B. I. Kochurov, M. A. Grigorieva, and E. A. Chukmasova. "Geoecological frame of the megalopolis – landscape-zonal standard of sustainable development of geosystems." Practice of Anticorrosive Protection 24, no. 4 (2019): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31615/j.corros.prot.2019.94.4-4.

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The natural-man-made complex is an interconnected paragenetic geosystem that functions: “natural skeleto – technogenic structures – heat capacity – wind flow – moisture – biological effects – chemical reactions (corrosion) – a cartographic image”. The ghosting characteristics of a natural framework, as a cartographic image of space, serve as indicators and guide marks for making decisions in environmental management in order to protect objects and prevent damage from damaging factors, such as corrosion. Sustainable functioning of the geosystem ensures environmental safety and reliability of an

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29

Lin, Pu, Qiang Fu, Susan Solomon, and John M. Wallace. "Temperature Trend Patterns in Southern Hemisphere High Latitudes: Novel Indicators of Stratospheric Change." Journal of Climate 22, no. 23 (2009): 6325–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli2971.1.

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Abstract Robust stratospheric temperature trend patterns are suggested in the winter and spring seasons in the Southern Hemisphere high latitudes from the satellite-borne Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) measurement for 1979–2007. These patterns serve as indicators of key processes governing temperature and ozone changes in the Antarctic. The observed patterns are characterized by cooling and warming regions of comparable magnitudes, with the strongest local trends occurring in September and October. In September, ozone depletion induces radiative cooling, and strengthening of the Brewer–Dobson c

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Roundy, Paul E. "Regression Analysis of Zonally Narrow Components of the MJO." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 71, no. 11 (2014): 4253–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-13-0288.1.

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Abstract Recent works have demonstrated that eastward-propagating features smaller than zonal wavenumber 3 but with spatial structures similar to those of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) frequently develop over the Indo-Pacific warm pool. These signals are characterized by periods shorter than 4 weeks, but since they occur as part of a spectral peak of the MJO, they might be characterized by similar physics. These zonally narrow features occur at any phase of traditionally defined 30–60-day MJO events, but they occur most frequently in its active convective phase. This work presents a line

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31

Xu, Xiaobiao, Peter B. Rhines, and Eric P. Chassignet. "On Mapping the Diapycnal Water Mass Transformation of the Upper North Atlantic Ocean." Journal of Physical Oceanography 48, no. 10 (2018): 2233–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-17-0223.1.

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AbstractDiapycnal water mass transformation is the essence behind the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and the associated heat/freshwater transports. Existing studies have mostly focused on the transformation that is forced by surface buoyancy fluxes, and the role of interior mixing is much less known. This study maps the three-dimensional structure of the diapycnal transformation, both surface forced and mixing induced, using results of a high-resolution numerical model that have been shown to represent the large-scale structure of the AMOC and the North Atlantic subpolar/su

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32

Krivenko, S. V. "RESEARCH OF THE ZONAL STRUCTURE OF SINTERING LAYER." Izvestiya Visshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Chernaya Metallurgiya = Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 59, no. 8 (2016): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2016-8-581-586.

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33

Liu, L. Q., L. L. Kang, and J. Z. Wu. "Zonal structure of unbounded external-flow and aerodynamics." Fluid Dynamics Research 49, no. 4 (2017): 045508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1873-7005/aa79d0.

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34

Itoh, K., K. Hallatschek, S. Toda, H. Sanuki, and S. I. Itoh. "Coherent Structure of Zonal Flow and Nonlinear Saturation." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 73, no. 11 (2004): 2921–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.73.2921.

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35

Scott, Richard K., and David G. Dritschel. "The structure of zonal jets in geostrophic turbulence." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 711 (September 20, 2012): 576–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.410.

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AbstractThe structure of zonal jets arising in forced-dissipative, two-dimensional turbulent flow on the $\ensuremath{\beta} $-plane is investigated using high-resolution, long-time numerical integrations, with particular emphasis on the late-time distribution of potential vorticity. The structure of the jets is found to depend in a simple way on a single non-dimensional parameter, which may be conveniently expressed as the ratio ${L}_{\mathit{Rh}} / {L}_{\varepsilon } $, where ${L}_{\mathit{Rh}} = \sqrt{U/ \ensuremath{\beta} } $ and ${L}_{\varepsilon } = \mathop{ (\varepsilon / {\ensuremath{\

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36

Popp, M., and N. J. Lutsko. "Quantifying the Zonal-Mean Structure of Tropical Precipitation." Geophysical Research Letters 44, no. 18 (2017): 9470–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017gl075235.

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37

Shepherd, M. G., and T. Tsuda. "Large-scale planetary disturbances in stratospheric temperature at high-latitudes in the Southern Summer Hemisphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 4 (2008): 16409–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-16409-2008.

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Abstract. The global structure and propagation of large-scale (periods >5 days) waves in the Southern Hemisphere summer (December 2006–February 2007) at 60° S–75° S latitude are examined using temperature data from GPS radio occultation measurements by COSMIC/FORMOSAT 3 satellite constellation from 10 to 40 km altitude. Spectral analysis has revealed eastward propagating planetary scale perturbations with wavenumbers 1 and 2 and periods of 10-, 16- and 23 days, zonally symmetric waves with the same periods and stationary waves with wavenumber 1 and 2. The presence of the zonally symmetric w

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38

Drbohlav, Hae-Kyung Lee, and Bin Wang. "Horizontal and Vertical Structures of the Northward-Propagating Intraseasonal Oscillation in the South Asian Monsoon Region Simulated by an Intermediate Model*." Journal of Climate 20, no. 16 (2007): 4278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli4244.1.

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Abstract The structures and mechanism of the northward-propagating boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) in the southern Asian monsoon region are simulated and investigated in a three-dimensional intermediate model (3D model). The horizontal structure of the intraseasonal variability in the 3D model depicts the Kelvin–Rossby wave–type disturbance, which may or may not produce the northward-propagating disturbance in the Indian Ocean, depending on the seasonal-mean background winds. Two experiments are conducted in order to identify what characteristic of seasonal-mean background can

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39

Falessi, Matteo Valerio, and Fulvio Zonca. "Transport theory of phase space zonal structures." Physics of Plasmas 26, no. 2 (2019): 022305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5063874.

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40

Ming, Alison, Peter Hitchcock, and Peter Haynes. "The Response of the Lower Stratosphere to Zonally Symmetric Thermal and Mechanical Forcing." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 73, no. 5 (2016): 1903–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-15-0294.1.

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Abstract The response of the atmosphere to zonally symmetric applied heating and mechanical forcing is considered, allowing for the fact that the response may include a change in the wave force (or “wave drag”). A scaling argument shows that an applied zonally symmetric heating is effective in driving a steady meridional circulation provided that the wave force (required to satisfy angular momentum constraints) is sufficiently sensitive to changes in the mean flow in the sense that the ratio is large, where K is a measure of the sensitivity of the wave force; α, N, and f are the radiative damp

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41

Brochero Bustamante, Carlos Esteban, Francisco Fabian Carrascal Perez, Yesith Montero Cantillo, and Isueh Arenas Rubio. "Inventory of insect pests and pathogens present in a cashew crop <i>Anacardium occidentale </i>L. in Caribia research center, zona bananera, Magdalena." Temas Agrarios 28, no. 2 (2023): 208–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21897/8mnqgh69.

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The purpose of this work was to identify pests and diseases associated to cashew crop in Caribia research center of Agrosavia. For 24 months, a monthly monitoring of the different structures of the plant was carried out and the arthropods found to cause damage were collected, as well as tissue samples with symptoms or signs of any disease. Eleven species of pest insects were identified, grouped into seven families and four orders. In addition, six pathogens that caused diseases in different tree structures were identified. Of the phytosanitary problems found, Leptoglossus zonatus Dallas (Hemip

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42

Ring, Michael J., and R. Alan Plumb. "Forced Annular Mode Patterns in a Simple Atmospheric General Circulation Model." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 64, no. 10 (2007): 3611–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas4031.1.

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Abstract Previous studies using simplified general circulation models have shown that “annular modes” arise as the dominant mode of variability. A simple GCM is used here to explore to what extent these modes are also the preferred response of the system to generic forcing. A number of trials are conducted under which the model is subjected to an artificial, zonally symmetric angular momentum forcing, and the climatologies of these trials are compared to that of the control. The forcing location is varied among the several trials. It is found that the changes in the model’s climatology are gen

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43

Mioc, V. "The zonal satellite problem. III Symmetries." Serbian Astronomical Journal, no. 165 (2002): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/saj0265001m.

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The two-body problem associated with a force field described by a potential of the form U =Sum(k=1,n) ak/rk (r = distance between particles, ak = real parameters) is resumed from the only standpoint of symmetries. Such symmetries, expressed in Hamiltonian coordinates, or in standard polar coordinates, are recovered for McGehee-type coordinates of both collision-blow-up and infinity-blow-up kind. They form diffeomorphic commutative groups endowed with a Boolean structure. Expressed in Levi-Civita?s coordinates, the problem exhibits a larger group of symmetries, also commutative and presenting a

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44

Nigam, Sumant. "On the Structure of Variability of the Observed Tropospheric and Stratospheric Zonal-Mean Zonal Wind." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 47, no. 14 (1990): 1799–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1990)047<1799:otsovo>2.0.co;2.

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45

Ujiie, Masumi. "Zonal structure of the Orikabe plutonic complex, Kitakami mountains." JOURNAL OF MINERALOGY, PETROLOGY AND ECONOMIC GEOLOGY 84, no. 7 (1989): 226–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2465/ganko.84.226.

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46

Gutzler, David S. "Vertical Structure and Interannual Variability of Tropical Zonal Winds." Journal of Climate 3, no. 7 (1990): 741–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1990)003<0741:vsaivo>2.0.co;2.

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47

Smolyakov, A. I., P. H. Diamond, and M. Malkov. "Coherent Structure Phenomena in Drift Wave–Zonal Flow Turbulence." Physical Review Letters 84, no. 3 (2000): 491–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.84.491.

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48

Adamczyk, Joanna, and Dirk Tiede. "ZonalMetrics - a Python toolbox for zonal landscape structure analysis." Computers & Geosciences 99 (February 2017): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2016.11.005.

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49

Newchurch, M. J., D. Sun, and Jae H. Kim. "Zonal Wave-1 structure in TOMS tropical stratospheric ozone." Geophysical Research Letters 28, no. 16 (2001): 3151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000gl012315.

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50

Eichelberger, Scott J., and Dennis L. Hartmann. "Zonal Jet Structure and the Leading Mode of Variability." Journal of Climate 20, no. 20 (2007): 5149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli4279.1.

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Abstract An observational analysis of the Northern Hemisphere circulation during winter reveals that the leading mode of variability depends on longitude. In particular, the first EOF of the zonal-mean circulation differs over the Atlantic and Pacific sectors. These results provide motivation for a series of model runs where a simple GCM is used to investigate the effects of the zonal jet structure on the leading mode of variability in the Northern Hemisphere. Model results indicate that the leading mode of variability depends on the distance between the eddy-driven and subtropical jets. When

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