Libros: "Subsequent offence"

1

Gibson, John L. Canadian criminal code offences: Incorporating R.S.C. 1985 and subsequent amendments. Toronto, Ont: Carswell, 1989.

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2

Sexual involvement with therapists: Patient assessment, subsequent therapy, forensics. Washington, D.C: American Psychological Association, 1994.

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3

The sinking of the U.S.S. Indianapolis and the subsequent court martial of Rear Adm. Charles B. McVay III, USN: Hearing before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, first session, September 14, 1999. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2000.

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4

Tribunal of Inquiry set up pursuant to the Tribunal of Inquiry (Evidence) Acts 1921-2002 into Certain Gardaí in the Donegal Division (Ireland). Report of the Tribunal of Inquiry set up pursuant to the Tribunal of Inquiry (Evidence) Acts 1921-2002 into Certain Gardaí in the Donegal Division: Report into allegations of harassment of the McBrearty family of Raphoe, County Donegal and of relatives, associated and agents of that family by members the Garda Síochána subsequent to the death of Mr. Barron including the issue and prosecution of summonses relating to offences alleged to have occured between 28th October, 1996 and 28th September, 1998 : term of reference (c) ; report into the effectiveness of the Garda Síochána complaints inquiry process vis-a-vis the complaints made by Frank McBrearty snr. and his family between 1997 and 2001 : term of reference (j). Dublin: Stationery Office, 2008.

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5

Bernasco, Wim. Mobility and Location Choice of Offenders. Editado por Gerben J. N. Bruinsma y Shane D. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190279707.013.17.

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This chapter analyzes the main topics and questions about offender mobility and crime location choice in terms of individual motivations, resources, constraints, and decisions. It begins with a brief overview of the four main frameworks that have been used to theorize offender mobility and crime location choice. This is followed by a characterization of general human mobility as a series of cyclical movements between a limited set of anchor points, and a review of two research initiatives that collected detailed spatial and temporal information on offender mobility. The subsequent section addresses the extent to which offenders plan and prepare their crimes. The chapter also discusses two core elements in crime pattern theory, namely the facilities that attract offenders and offenses (crime generators and attractors) and awareness space. The final section discusses the spatial unit of analysis in offender mobility and location choice.

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6

Averdijk, Margit. Victim Selection. Editado por Wim Bernasco, Jean-Louis van Gelder y Henk Elffers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199338801.013.14.

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This chapter reviews what is known about victim selection—that is, the question of why offenders select some people, but not others, to be victims of crime. It first addresses theoretical perspectives on victim selection, namely the structural–choice model of victim selection, social interactionism, and target congruence. It then describes three data sources that have been used in prior research to study victim selection: police reports, victimization surveys, and offender interviews. Subsequently, empirical findings on victim selection are reviewed and organized into nine subsections: victims’ demographic characteristics, psychological characteristics, physical characteristics, behavior, biological characteristics, prior victimization, relationship to the offender, behavior during the offense, and the role of randomness. The final section discusses research gaps and potential future directions in the field, including an emphasis on theoretical explanations and mediators, cross-cultural studies, methodological innovation and diversity, interactions between victim and offender characteristics, and generality across crime types and subpopulations.

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7

Bonta, James y J. S. Wormith. Adult Offender Assessment and Classification in Custodial Settings. Editado por John Wooldredge y Paula Smith. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199948154.013.19.

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This chapter describes the developments that have occurred over the past three decades in the area of offender assessment and classification, including discussion of why offender classification is so vital to correctional agencies. The importance of using actuarial approaches to predicting the risk of reoffending and danger to others is discussed, as well as the inclusion of static and dynamic factors on composite measures of offender risk and need. Particular attention is paid to the application of the principles of Risk, Need, and Responsivity (RNR) to offender assessment, classification, and subsequent work with the offender, often described as “offender case management.” How prison environments (including inmate and officer subcultures) can potentially interfere with the accuracy of risk and needs assessments is also debated.

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8

Levinge, Edward Parkyns. Justice of the Peace for Ireland: Comprising the Practice in Indictable Offences, and the Proceedings Preliminary and Subsequent to Convictions. HardPress, 2020.

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9

Levinge, Edward Parkyns. The Justice of the Peace for Ireland: Comprising the Practice in Indictable Offences, and the Proceedings Preliminary and Subsequent to Convictions. Arkose Press, 2015.

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10

Ireland y Edward Parkyns Levinge. The Justice Of The Peace For Ireland: Comprising The Practice In The Indictable Offences, And The Proceedings Preliminary And Subsequent To Convictions. Arkose Press, 2015.

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11

Roberts, Julian V. y Richard S. Frase. Paying for the Past. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190254001.001.0001.

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Virtually all modern sentencing systems consider the offender’s prior record to be an important determinant of the form and severity of punishment, often carrying more weight than the crime being sentenced. Repeat offenders “pay for their past,” even though they have already been punished for their prior crimes. And the majority of sentenced offenders have at least one prior conviction. This topic thus lies at the heart of the sentencing process; every well-designed sentencing scheme needs to have a carefully conceived approach to the use of prior convictions. But the vast literature on sentencing policy, law, and practice has generally overlooked this issue. Moreover, the apparent justifications for prior record enhancement—the repeat offender’s assumed greater culpability and risk of re-offending—are uncertain, and have rarely been subjected to critical appraisal. Nor has sufficient attention been paid to the substantial negative consequences of such enhancements, which: increase the size and expense of prison populations; impose penalties disproportionate to offense severity; fill prisons with nonviolent and aging, lower-risk offenders; increase racial disproportionality in prison populations; and undermine offenders’ efforts to reintegrate into society. This book focuses on prior record enhancements under sentencing guidelines systems in the United States because sentencing rules operate more transparently in those systems. But the policy implications are much broader. Similar enhancements are informally applied, with substantial impacts, when judges sentence without guidelines. And most jurisdictions have statutes (three-strikes and career-offender laws; higher penalties for second and subsequent violations) that impose much more severe penalties on repeat offenders.

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12

Lane, Jodi y Lonn Lanza-Kaduce. The Problem of Incarcerating Juveniles with Adults. Editado por John Wooldredge y Paula Smith. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199948154.013.27.

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Currently, all states allow juveniles who commit certain offenses to be waived from jurisdiction of the juvenile court to be tried and sentenced in adult criminal court. This essay reviews approaches for housing juvenile offenders in adult correctional facilities (i.e., straight adult incarceration, graduated incarceration, and segregated incarceration) and the special considerations for prison management and service delivery. The essay begins with a summary of the history of juvenile justice, focusing primarily on transfer to adult court and subsequent adult incarceration. Next, a description of the number of youths facing adult punishment is provided. The experiences of youths inside adult incarceration facilities and the effects of transfer to adult court on postrelease recidivism are discussed, followed by a review of individual states’ approaches to housing youths in adult prisons.

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13

Luke, Nottage. Ch.2 Formation and authority of agents, Formation I: Arts 2.1.1–2.1.5—Offer, Art.2.1.3. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0019.

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This commentary focuses on Article 2.1.3 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning the withdrawal of an offer. An offer becomes effective when it reaches the offeree. An offer, even if it is irrevocable, may be withdrawn if the withdrawal reaches the offer before or at the same time as the offeree. Like the principle in Art 2.1.3(1) PICC, most national legal systems also recognize the principle in Art 2.1.3(2) that an offer does not remain effective if received before or at the same rime as the offer is withdrawn. The latter principle protects the offeror's freedom to change its mind and not enter into a contract at all, or only on any subsequently proposed terms. This is consistent with a classical or neoclassical model of contract law and creates quite a high threshold for entering into binding contracts. The party alleging an offer has the burden of proof to establish that it has been received. This can be rebutted by the other party.

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14

William A, Schabas. Part 10 Enforcement: Exécution, Art.110 Review by the Court concerning reduction of sentence/Examen par la Cour de la question d’une réduction de peine. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198739777.003.0115.

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This chapter comments on Article of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Article 110 deals with the modification of a sentence. Although a custodial sentence is served in a prison of a State of enforcement, where the convicted prisoner is subject to the rules and regulations applicable in the domestic system, early release is governed by the Rome Statute, not national legislation. The decision to modify the sentence pursuant to article 110 of the Rome Statute is irreversible, and not conditional, as in most domestic parole schemes. A sentence pronounced by the Court may subsequently be reduced, but only after the offender has served two-thirds of the term, with special provision in the case of life imprisonment.

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15

Coco, Antonio. The Defence of Mistake of Law in International Criminal Law. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192895745.001.0001.

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Abstract The adage ‘ignorance of the law is no excuse’ is significantly inaccurate. Ignorance and mistake of law do, under certain circumstances, exclude responsibility both in national and international criminal law. This book updates the existing reviews of law and practice on the topic and aims to go a step further, taking the analysis of mistake of law as a starting point for systematic observations about international criminal law in general. First, the book defines the contours of the defence of mistake of law in general theory of criminal law, distinguishing it from cognate defences and highlighting, most notably, its connection with superior orders. Secondly, it gives an overview of the possible approaches to the defence, offering examples from national law as terms of reference for the subsequent analysis of international criminal law. Thirdly, it surveys the relevant law and practice of international criminal tribunals, with a focus on the International Criminal Court, and it contemplates offences for which a defence of mistake of law may potentially succeed. Fourthly, the book tries to interpret the message that the rules on mistake of law applicable before international criminal tribunals send about the purpose of punishing individuals and the legitimacy of such punishment. Whilst the discourse on international criminal law is more and more concerned with global politics, this book brings the focus back to the appropriateness of imposing a guilty verdict on the individual defendant, a human being who remains a member of society.

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16

Spain, Debbie, Francisco M. Musich y Susan W. White. Psychological Therapies for Adults with Autism. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780197548462.001.0001.

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Many adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) experience mental health conditions, including anxiety and depression. A range of short- to medium-term psychological therapies have shown promise, although research is limited for most comorbid conditions. The first of its kind, Psychological Therapies for Adults with Autism is an edited volume with contributions from an internationally recognized group of clinical experts. Service-user voices are viewed as central to the book, and the second chapter documents adults’ with ASD and parents’ experiences of, and thoughts about, engaging in psychological therapy. Subsequent chapters follow a similar format, presenting an overview of the psychological therapy covered, the main strategies used, and the research evidence regarding its use in individuals with ASD. This is followed by a case vignette linking theory to practice and outlining extensive examples of adaptations to enhance the accessibility and acceptability of interventions. Psychological therapies covered include transition-focused approaches, education- and employment-focused approaches, systemic therapy, social skills interventions, positive behavior support (PBS), mindfulness-based interventions, cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), schema therapy, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), compassion-focused therapy (CFT), group interventions, and offender-focused interventions. Reflecting the fact that adults can benefit from a multidisciplinary approach, one chapter focuses on pharmacological interventions. The concluding chapter outlines considerations for developing effective psychological therapies services for adults with ASD.

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17

Lubelczyk, Rebecca. Detoxification or supervised withdrawal. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0017.

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Drugs or alcohol are used at the time of the offense by over half of all detainees, necessitating screening for both intoxication and risk of withdrawal from substances at intake. Intoxication and withdrawal can mimic signs and symptoms of an acute mental disorder or exacerbate an underlying chronic disease. One of the most difficult challenges a clinician may face is differentiating whether the presentation is due to a combination of intoxication/withdrawal and mental illness versus mental illness alone. Using substances while on psychiatric medications can alter the pharmacology, change the effectiveness, and exacerbate the side effects of medications, potentially causing lack of response, nonadherence, or dangerous physical effects. Substance use also puts the patient at risk for trauma and exposure to infections from risky behaviors while intoxicated. The clinician faces an imposing challenge in any attempt to accurately assess underlying psychopathology in the midst of acute detoxification. It is a generally accepted practice to reassess the patient’s psychotropic treatment needs once their detoxification is complete, but individual cases may require acute intervention based on the severity of the patient’s mental illness. This chapter attempts to educate the correctional clinician on the common presentations of intoxication and withdrawal syndromes of various substances. The similarities and distinctions of such syndromes with mental illnesses are discussed. Standardized medical management approaches to safeguard patient safety during supervised withdrawal are also presented. Following such a process allows the clinician to subsequently assess the patient’s true mental health and substance abuse treatment needs.

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18

Lubelczyk, Rebecca. Detoxification or supervised withdrawal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0017_update_001.

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Drugs or alcohol are used at the time of the offense by over half of all detainees, necessitating screening for both intoxication and risk of withdrawal from substances at intake. Intoxication and withdrawal can mimic signs and symptoms of an acute mental disorder or exacerbate an underlying chronic disease. One of the most difficult challenges a clinician may face is differentiating whether the presentation is due to a combination of intoxication/withdrawal and mental illness versus mental illness alone. Using substances while on psychiatric medications can alter the pharmacology, change the effectiveness, and exacerbate the side effects of medications, potentially causing lack of response, nonadherence, or dangerous physical effects. Substance use also puts the patient at risk for trauma and exposure to infections from risky behaviors while intoxicated. The clinician faces an imposing challenge in any attempt to accurately assess underlying psychopathology in the midst of acute detoxification. It is a generally accepted practice to reassess the patient’s psychotropic treatment needs once their detoxification is complete, but individual cases may require acute intervention based on the severity of the patient’s mental illness. This chapter attempts to educate the correctional clinician on the common presentations of intoxication and withdrawal syndromes of various substances. The similarities and distinctions of such syndromes with mental illnesses are discussed. Standardized medical management approaches to safeguard patient safety during supervised withdrawal are also presented. Following such a process allows the clinician to subsequently assess the patient’s true mental health and substance abuse treatment needs.

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Libros sobre el tema "Subsequent offence"

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