Artículos de revistas: "Suburban Neighborhood"

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Bould, Sally. "Caring Neighborhoods". Journal of Family Issues 24, n.º 4 (mayo de 2003): 427–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x02250830.

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This article examines the situation in 47 “caring neighborhoods,” which are defined as those in which the neighbors report working together in caring for the neighborhood children. These suburban neighborhoods are White and predominately middle class. Fictive kin are found in some of these neighborhoods, and in all of the neighborhoods a low value is placed on privacy. These neighborhoods challenge the stereotype of the isolated nuclear family of the suburbs but reinforce the model of the male-breadwinner family. In considering how families can connect over child-rearing tasks and move beyond the male-breadwinner family, it is seen that the problem lies not in the suburban housing structure but in the condition of neighborhood mothers, who have to stay at home with pre-school-age children. This research suggests that to have the appropriate neighborhoods available to families, intentional neighborhoods will have to be built with an emphasis on gender equity.

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2

Corcoran, Mary P., Jane Gray y Michel Peillon. "Making Space for Sociability: How Children Animate the Public Realm in Suburbia". Nature and Culture 4, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2009): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2009.040103.

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This article aims to demonstrate the significant role children play in new suburban communities, and in particular, the extent to which their circuits of sociability contribute to social cohesion in the suburbs. The discussion is located within the field of sociology of childhood, which argues that children are active agents who help to create and sustain social bonds within their neighborhoods. Drawing on focus group discussions and short essays by children on “The place where I live,” we paint a picture of how suburban life is interpreted and experienced from a child's perspective. We argue that children develop a particular suburban sensibility that structures their view of their estate, the wider neighborhood, and the metropolitan core. Although children express considerable degrees of satisfaction with suburban life, they are critical of the forces that increasingly limit their access to suburban public space.

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3

Rhodes, Anna y Siri Warkentien. "Unwrapping the Suburban “Package Deal”". American Educational Research Journal 54, n.º 1_suppl (abril de 2017): 168S—189S. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0002831216634456.

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Large disparities in educational quality exist between cities and surrounding suburban school districts and are increasing between suburban districts—a trend that emerged over the past several decades and shows signs of growing. Using in-depth interviews, this study examines how children are sorted into different school districts across a metropolitan area. We find that the ideal educational arrangement for nearly all parents is to live in a neighborhood that guarantees access to neighborhood schools that meets their expectations, something we call the “package deal.” Parents look to the suburbs to achieve this ideal, but not all suburbs provide it. Metropolitan patterns of racial residential segregation, interact with families’ resources and constraints to reproduce racial inequalities in educational opportunities across suburban districts. Integrated approaches to housing and education policy are needed to address parents’ preference to couple residential and school choices and reduce growing suburban inequality.

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4

Holliday, Amy L. y Rachel E. Dwyer. "Suburban Neighborhood Poverty in U.S. Metropolitan Areas in 2000". City & Community 8, n.º 2 (junio de 2009): 155–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6040.2009.01278.x.

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Suburban areas have become more diverse and stratified in the United States, with a particularly striking increase in poverty, challenging theories that conceptualize poverty predominantly as a central city phenomenon. Little scholarly work has examined suburban poverty, however, and the small existing literature focuses primarily on inner–ring suburbs in the Northeast and Midwest and relies too much on the concentric zone model of metropolitan development. We use Census 2000 summary data to examine the prevalence and form, characteristics, and determinants of suburban poverty at the neighborhood and metropolitan levels across the entire country. We draw on more sophisticated ecological and place stratification perspectives and argue that suburban poverty manifests in more varied forms than the typical model and diverges in crucial respects from central city poverty. Our results identify a particularly distinctive racial profile for suburban poverty, associated especially with Hispanic residential location, with implications for trends in racial segregation as well.

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5

Sarzynski, Andrea y Thomas J. Vicino. "Shrinking Suburbs: Analyzing the Decline of American Suburban Spaces". Sustainability 11, n.º 19 (24 de septiembre de 2019): 5230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195230.

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Recent popular and scholarly work has drawn attention to the issue of shrinking cities. In particular, a growing body of literature has focused on the impacts of population loss on European cities, and more recently, the deindustrialized areas of the United States. Fewer scholars have examined the phenomenon of shrinkage in the suburban context. This paper explores the evolution of shrinking suburbs in the United States from 1980 to 2010. Three research questions motivate this study: (1) What is the population change in suburban neighborhoods and places from 1980 to 2010? (2) Where are shrinking suburbs located? (3) What are the trajectories of change of shrinking suburbs? A definition of shrinking suburbs using spatial and temporal criteria is operationalized. Using census tract-level data with normalized boundaries from the Neighborhood Change Database, numerous socioeconomic variables were extracted for the 30-year study period. In total, the results demonstrate that approximately one-quarter of all suburbs were shrinking. The characteristics of shrinking suburbs are identified and a typology of seven trajectories of suburban decline is developed. The conclusion reflects on the implications of shrinking suburbs for sustainable development.

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6

Parisi, Domenico, Daniel T. Lichter y Michael C. Taquino. "Remaking Metropolitan America? Residential Mobility and Racial Integration in the Suburbs". Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 5 (enero de 2019): 237802311985488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023119854882.

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This article provides estimates of white residential mobility within and between specific suburban places differentiated by ethnoracial diversity. The authors draw on intrametropolitan mobility data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, linked to social and economic data measured at the metropolitan, place, and block levels. First, analyses show that the exodus of whites is significantly lower in predominantly white suburbs than in places with racially diverse populations. Most suburban whites have mostly white neighbors, a pattern reinforced by white residential mobility. Second, suburban whites who move tend to choose predominantly white communities with mostly white neighbors. Third, patterns of white intrametropolitan suburban mobility and minority avoidance are highly segmented. Affluent whites are seemingly better positioned to leave diversifying places for mostly white communities with white neighbors. White residential mobility, from more diverse to less diverse suburban places, builds on most previous studies emphasizing neighborhood-to-neighborhood mobility in metropolitan areas.

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7

Avery, Jocelyn D. "Suburban Dissent". Conflict and Society 6, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2020): 201–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/arcs.2020.060112.

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This article discusses a Western Australian community’s campaign against the development of a disability justice center in their Perth neighborhood. The history of the location provides context for an examination of the campaign that draws on the mainstream and social media reporting of the protests. Taking a spatial approach to the analysis situates the disability justice center as an unwanted place within the neighborhood space as imagined, created and reproduced by the residents. The center was, in effect, socially produced by the social relations and political economy of the campaign long before it was a built reality. While politics lay at the heart of the protests, the analysis reveals groups that were marginalized by the campaign and excluded from the community. The campaign brought the community together to protest against the inclusion of anomalous others in their neighborhood, but at the expense of the potential occupants of the disability justice center, many of whom are Aboriginal people. I argue that protests can bring people together and reinforce the idea of community, but protests also reveal who is excluded—inadvertently or not—and may compromise the rights of these “others.”

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8

Owens, Ann. "Neighborhoods on the Rise: A Typology of Neighborhoods Experiencing Socioeconomic Ascent". City & Community 11, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2012): 345–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6040.2012.01412.x.

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Neighborhoods are an important source of inequality, and neighborhood change may lead to changing opportunities for residents. Past research on neighborhood upgrading tends to focus on one process: gentrification. I argue that a broader range of types of neighborhood socioeconomic ascent requires examination. This article documents the different types of neighborhoods ascending from 1970 to the present. Using principal components analysis and cluster analysis, I report the prevalence of socioeconomic ascent, based on increases in neighborhood income, rents, house values, and educational and occupational attainment, among five to seven types of neighborhoods in each decade. I also examine population and housing changes that co–occur with ascent to identify processes of ascent beyond gentrification. Overall, findings suggest mixed implications for neighborhood inequality. While white suburban neighborhoods make up the bulk of neighborhoods that ascend in each decade, minority and immigrant neighborhoods become increasingly likely to ascend over time, though displacement may occur.

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9

Wiewel, W. y J. Persky. "Urban Productivity and the Neighborhoods: The Case for a Federal Neighborhood Strategy". Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 12, n.º 4 (diciembre de 1994): 473–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c120473.

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In this paper the authors seek to build a new case for neighborhood-oriented government programs, primarily based on economic, rather than moral, political, or social policy considerations. Serious government investment can provide a base for much expanded service sector employment in neighborhoods in the central city and aging suburbs. Agglomeration effects in expanding service industries remain important for productivity, in spite of decentralization. Furthermore, the costs of decentralization impose constraints on further suburban growth. Urban neighborhoods can provide relatively high-productivity locales for service industries, because of existing infrastructure, a large labor force, proximity to downtowns, local entrepreneurs, and the enduring advantages of density. However, programs are needed to improve public infrastructure to increase productivity; invest in human capital; and strengthen the competitive position of neighborhoods through quality-of-life improvements.

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10

Bischoff, Kendra y Laura Tach. "The Racial Composition of Neighborhoods and Local Schools: The Role of Diversity, Inequality, and School Choice". City & Community 17, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2018): 675–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12323.

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In an education system that draws students from residentially based attendance zones, schools are local institutions that reflect the racial composition of their surrounding communities. However, with opportunities to opt out of the zoned public school system, the social and economic contexts of neighborhoods may affect the demographic link between neighborhoods and their public neighborhood schools. Using spatial data on school attendance zones, we estimate the associations between the racial composition of elementary schools and their local neighborhoods, and we investigate how neighborhood factors shape the loose or tight demographic coupling of these parallel social contexts. The results show that greater social distance among residents within neighborhoods, as well as the availability of educational exit options, results in neighborhood public schools that are less reflective of their surrounding communities. In addition, we show that suburban schools are more demographically similar to their neighborhood attendance zones than are urban schools.

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11

Grant, Richard H. y Ka-Lam Wong. "Ozone profiles over a suburban neighborhood". Atmospheric Environment 33, n.º 1 (enero de 1998): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(98)00125-3.

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12

Kim, Hyung Jin y Chanam Lee. "Does a More Centrally Located School Promote Walking to School? Spatial Centrality in School-Neighborhood Settings". Journal of Physical Activity and Health 13, n.º 5 (mayo de 2016): 481–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2015-0221.

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Background:A public elementary school has traditionally functioned as an important center of a neighborhood, but this role has diminished with sprawling urban developments. Despite the large number of studies of children’s walking to/from school (WTS), the school’s location in relation to the larger neighborhood context has not been fully explored. This study is to examine the relationship between school’s spatial centrality and children’s WTS in urban, suburban and rural settings.Methods:this study used school travel tally (11,721 students), environment audit, GIS and census data from 71 elementary school/neighborhoods in Texas, and employed the closeness centrality index to estimate a school’s spatial centrality. Data were collected from 2009–2012.Results:After controlling for neighborhood characteristics, it was found that more centrally located schools are likely to have higher proportions of WTS in the neighborhoods. And, among urban, suburban and rural settings, urban schools were the most and rural schools were the least likely to be centrally-located in the neighborhoods.Conclusions:The findings offer implications on school and community planning policies that can help promote WTS. Spatial centrality measures can be effective tools to identify environmental factors in complex urban networks related to human behaviors and community-based activities.

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13

Maisel, Jordana L. "Impact of Older Adults’ Neighborhood Perceptions on Walking Behavior". Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 24, n.º 2 (abril de 2016): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2014-0278.

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Built environment features can have varying impacts on user behavior depending on the perceptions of the opportunities and obstacles that the environments create. This study systematically evaluated the relationship between neighborhood perceptions and the specific types of self-reported walking behavior for 121 older adults who resided in urban, suburban, or rural neighborhoods. Perceptions of street connectivity, crime and traffic safety, and overall satisfaction were associated with specific types of walking behaviors, and the strength of the relationships differed by neighborhood type. Sociodemographic variables such as age and sex were associated with certain types and amounts of older adults’ walking behaviors both across and within each neighborhood type. The results of this study support the importance of perceived street connectivity regardless of neighborhood type and perceived crime safety in rural neighborhoods to impact the walking behavior among older adults.

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14

Moudon, Anne Vernez, Paul M. Hess, Mary Catherine Snyder y Kiril Stanilov. "Effects of Site Design on Pedestrian Travel in Mixed-Use, Medium-Density Environments". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1578, n.º 1 (enero de 1997): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1578-07.

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Whether high or low incidence of pedestrian travel in mixed-use, medium-density environments is due to site design characteristics, and specifically to presence of direct, continuous, and safe pedestrian systems, is examined. Twelve neighborhood centers or sites in the Puget Sound area of Washington were selected by matching gross residential density, median income, automobile ownership, and intensity and type of neighborhood commercial development. Pedestrians and bicyclists were recorded that traveled into the commercial area. A clear break emerges between urban and suburban sites. The average urban pedestrian volume is 37.7 pedestrians per hour per 1,000 residents, which is 3 times higher than the 12.5 pedestrians per hour per 1,000 residents in suburban sites. These results strongly support the hypothesis that, when holding other variables constant, the urban versus suburban difference in route directness and completeness of pedestrian facilities (namely, block size and sidewalk length) affects pedestrian volumes. The research also questions the common belief that people do not walk in the suburbs. Given appropriate land use conditions, pedestrian facility improvement programs in suburban areas can support pedestrian travel and have a significant influence on mode choice.

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15

Moudon, Anne Vernez, Chanam Lee, Allen D. Cheadle, Cheza Garvin, Donna Johnson, Thomas L. Schmid, Robert D. Weathers y Lin Lin. "Operational Definitions of Walkable Neighborhood: Theoretical and Empirical Insights". Journal of Physical Activity and Health 3, s1 (febrero de 2006): S99—S117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.3.s1.s99.

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Background:The concept of walkable neighborhoods is increasingly important in physical activity research and intervention. However, limited theoretical understanding and measurable definitions remain a challenge.Methods:This paper reviews theories defining neighborhoods and offers an empirical approach to identify measurable attributes and thresholds of walkable neighborhoods. Bivariate and multivariate analyses are used for self-reported socio-demographic background, neighborhood walking behavior and perception, and objective measures of environments.Results:Environmental attributes positively associated with walking sufficiently to meet health recommendations included higher residential density and smaller street-blocks around home, and shorter distances to food and daily retail facilities from home. Threshold distances for eating/drinking establishments and grocery stores were 860 and 1445 feet.Conclusions:Results questioned theoretical constructs of neighborhoods centered on recreation and educational uses. They pointed to finer mixes of uses than those characterizing suburban neighborhoods, and small spatial units of analysis and intervention to capture and promote neighborhood walkability.

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16

Rogers, George Oliver y Sineenart Sukolratanametee. "Neighborhood design and sense of community: Comparing suburban neighborhoods in Houston Texas". Landscape and Urban Planning 92, n.º 3-4 (septiembre de 2009): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2009.05.019.

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17

Besser, Lilah M., Willa D. Brenowitz, Oanh L. Meyer, Serena Hoermann y John Renne. "Methods to Address Self-Selection and Reverse Causation in Studies of Neighborhood Environments and Brain Health". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 12 (16 de junio de 2021): 6484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126484.

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Preliminary evidence suggests that neighborhood environments, such as socioeconomic disadvantage, pedestrian and physical activity infrastructure, and availability of neighborhood destinations (e.g., parks), may be associated with late-life cognitive functioning and risk of Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders (ADRD). The supposition is that these neighborhood characteristics are associated with factors such as mental health, environmental exposures, health behaviors, and social determinants of health that in turn promote or diminish cognitive reserve and resilience in later life. However, observed associations may be biased by self-selection or reverse causation, such as when individuals with better cognition move to denser neighborhoods because they prefer many destinations within walking distance of home, or when individuals with deteriorating health choose residences offering health services in neighborhoods in rural or suburban areas (e.g., assisted living). Research on neighborhood environments and ADRD has typically focused on late-life brain health outcomes, which makes it difficult to disentangle true associations from associations that result from reverse causality. In this paper, we review study designs and methods to help reduce bias due to reverse causality and self-selection, while drawing attention to the unique aspects of these approaches when conducting research on neighborhoods and brain aging.

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Hudalah, Delik y Nabilla Adharina. "Towards a Global View on Suburban Gentrification: From Redevelopment to Development". Indonesian Journal of Geography 51, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2019): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijg.34813.

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The gentrification literature, which is originated in the urban context, has now extended to suburb. Using content analysis on previous related case studies, this article shows that suburban gentrification is not necessarily a natural phenomenon resulting from disinvestment as the neighborhood lifecycle approach commonly suggests. As long as there is a development trigger, the suburb can gentrify anytime as it generally has a lower land value and a lower risk than urban area. The private sector and government play a key role in initiating and facilitating it to happen. In suburban context, the impacts of gentrification is complex, entailing varying negative and positive implications for the physical environment, the economies, and the society.

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19

Molina, Emily Tumpson. "Neighborhood Inequalities and the Long–Term Impact of Foreclosures: Evidence from the Los Angeles–Inland Empire Region". City & Community 15, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2016): 315–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12192.

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It is well documented that the foreclosure crisis was experienced unevenly in metropolitan regions nationwide. Yet it is still unclear how the long–term impacts of the foreclosure crisis manifested within the American metropolis. This paper identifies where the long–term negative impacts of the housing crisis were most acute by locating where foreclosed (REO) properties were more likely to remain vacant in the Los Angeles–Inland Empire area, a highly diverse region with high foreclosure rates. Foreclosure vacancies were concentrated in neighborhoods with larger Black and Latino populations, in older urban and inner–ring suburban neighborhoods, and in poorer neighborhoods with poorly performing schools. These patterns illuminate the enduring and emerging sociospatial inequalities that contribute to contemporary neighborhood decline and will likely shape the Los Angeles region's future, further solidifying longstanding neighborhood and other social inequalities.

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20

Coffman, Maren J., Brisa Urquieta de Hernandez, Heather A. Smith, Andrew McWilliams, Yhenneko J. Taylor, Hazel Tapp, Johanna Claire Schuch, Owen Furuseth y Michael Dulin. "Using CBPR to Decrease Health Disparities in a Suburban Latino Neighborhood". Hispanic Health Care International 15, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2017): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1540415317727569.

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Introduction: This project tested the feasibility of using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach to deliver health and social resources in two high-risk, suburban neighborhoods. Method: An established research network was used to engage stakeholders to design and deliver a neighborhood-based intervention targeting a Latino immigrant population. The intervention provided screenings for hypertension, diabetes, and depression; primary care provider visits; and information about navigating health care delivery systems and related community-based resources. Participants ( N = 216) were consented for participation and their subsequent use of health and social services were measured at baseline and 1 year post intervention. Results: At baseline, 5.1% of participants had health insurance, 16.7% had a primary care provider, and 38.4% had a chronic illness. SF-12 scores showed a majority of participants with low perceived health status (56%) and high risk for clinical depression (33%). Self-reported use of primary care services increased from 33.8% at baseline to 48% 1 year after the intervention, and 62% reported use of social services. Conclusion: Neighborhood-based interventions informed by a CBPR approach are effective in both identifying community members who lack access to health care–related services and connecting them into needed primary care and social services.

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Martin, Deborah G. y Steven R. Holloway. "Organizing Diversity: Scales of Demographic Change and Neighborhood Organizing in St Paul, MN". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 37, n.º 6 (junio de 2005): 1091–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a36142.

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Neighborhood involvement in urban governance remains a pressing goal in an era of globalization. Cities have instituted a variety of structures to facilitate this involvement, including quasi-formal neighborhood or district councils. At the same time, urban populations are changing rapidly because of multiple dynamics operating at multiple scales. Immigration, for example, continues to transform inner-city neighborhoods despite the emergence of suburban immigrant enclaves. Existing research inadequately addresses the interaction between efforts to organize neighborhood political involvement and the dynamic nature of urban populations. We examine St Paul, Minnesota—a locale with a well-established neighborhood district-council system and a vibrant and rapidly growing immigrant community. Indeed, immigrants from Southeast Asia and East Africa are moving into neighborhoods that up until the early 1990s were predominantly white. Using a multimethod empirical analysis, we argue that the district-council system, while recognizing and empowering local-level organization, fails to provide adequate resources for neighborhoods to address social dynamics that operate at much broader scales. An index of ethnic and racial diversity computed with census data shows that St Paul experienced a significant overall increase in diversity during the 1990s. Although inner-city neighborhoods remained the most diverse, residential areas developed after World War 2 also diversified considerably. Interviews with neighborhood organizers based in part on tabular and cartographic displays revealed a wide variety of strategies and responses to changing ethnic and racial diversity. Predominant, however, was a mismatch between the scale at which demographic change occurs, and the scale of ‘neighborhood’ action embedded within the district-council system.

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Kennedy, Emily Huddart, Harvey Krahn y Naomi Krogman. "Sustainable Consumption and the Importance of Neighbourhood: A Central City/Suburb Comparison". Canadian Journal of Sociology 38, n.º 3 (26 de febrero de 2013): 359–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjs18028.

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This paper applies urban and environmental sociological theory to survey data on self-reported sustainable consumption practices, using a matched sample of central city and suburban residents in Edmonton, Alberta. We use cluster analysis to create an ordinal typology of four types of consumers, conduct an analyses of variance to characterize the resultant clusters, and perform logistic regression to predict the net effect of urban and neighborhood context on sustainable consumption practices. We find that neighborhood and environmental attitude are the strongest predictors of sustainable consumption practices. We conclude by arguing many sustainable activities are more difficult to incorporate into daily routine when residing in the suburban neighbourhood. While suburban residents may feel strongly that they should consume less, their geographic location appears to significantly constrain their ability to meaningfully reduce their own consumption. This urban Canadian case study has implications for middle class environmental practices in other North American urban and suburban settings.

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23

Hess, Chris L. "Light-Rail Investment in Seattle: Gentrification Pressures and Trends in Neighborhood Ethnoracial Composition". Urban Affairs Review 56, n.º 1 (22 de abril de 2018): 154–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087418758959.

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Research often finds a positive relationship between public transportation investment and gentrification in nearby neighborhoods. This dynamic is particularly important in urban contexts that plan for transit-oriented development and creating future “walkability.” In this study, I demonstrate a link between transit investment and changing neighborhood racial and ethnic composition, using a case study of the recent light-rail project in Seattle, Washington. Descriptive analyses and difference-in-difference models suggest that affected neighborhoods in Seattle experienced rising shares of non-Hispanic Whites following the start of light-rail construction, while neighborhoods at the suburban periphery of the line saw substantial growth in racial and ethnic diversity. These findings highlight the role of transit infrastructure in restructuring demographic trajectories of nearby neighborhoods and contribute evidence about shifting patterns of residential segregation in the area around the transit line.

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Margulis, Harry L. "NEIGHBORHOOD PERCEPTION AND HOUSING MAINTENANCE IN OLDER SUBURBAN COMMUNITIES". Urban Geography 8, n.º 3 (mayo de 1987): 232–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.8.3.232.

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Van Asperdt, Anita. "BOOGIE-WOOGIE: The Suburban Commercial Strip and its Neighborhood". Landscape Journal 18, n.º 1 (1999): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.18.1.41.

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26

Farrell, Chad R. y Glenn Firebaugh. "Is immigrant neighborhood inequality less pronounced in suburban areas?" Social Science Research 57 (mayo de 2016): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.01.001.

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Илькевич, Сергей y Sergey Ilkevich. "ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF SUBURBAN WALKING TRAILS". Services in Russia and abroad 11, n.º 3 (5 de julio de 2017): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22412/1995-042x-11-3-6.

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The article presents an analysis and systematization of the central organizational and economic principles of design, development and improvement (arrangement) of suburban (neighborhood) walking trails, based primarily on international experience due to the very weak development of the suburban trail segment in Russia and almost complete absence of Russian scientific and practical studies in this field. The nearest concept to suburban trails, which received some attention (in terms of aspects) in the Russian scientific literature, is the "eco and local history trail", which is not sufficient from the point of view of the needs of practice. First of all, the work reveals in detail the multidimensional specificity of suburban walking trails, including such factors as thematic focus, tourist motivation, combination with suburban passenger rail transport, influence on local residents and other stakeholder groups, including through increases in the value of real estate, safety, importance for health and social well-being, correlation with other objectives of infrastructural development of suburbs. Further, the article highlights the role, significance and international experience in the arrangement and improvement of trails, including both road-engineering aspects and informatization. The next section illustrates international experience in route integration of suburban walking trails with suburban railway and bus transportation. The article also touches upon the aspects of economic justification and rationale for expanding the segment of suburban walking trails as a public good (primarily as a catalyst and multiplier of tourist activity in the region), as well as certain aspects of differentiated marketing strategies, along with the principles of sustainable development and a remarkable potential for implementing volunteer programs. In conclusion, the author suggests an extensive list of problems and thematic areas for prospective studies of suburban walking routes, emphasizing an extreme need to form a range pf scientific and scientific-practical works in order to conceptually and methodologically explore the segment of suburban walking trails in Russia.

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Hooper, Paula, Sarah Foster, Matthew Knuiman y Billie Giles-Corti. "Testing the Impact of a Planning Policy Based on New Urbanist Planning Principles on Residents’ Sense of Community and Mental Health in Perth, Western Australia". Environment and Behavior 52, n.º 3 (30 de septiembre de 2018): 305–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916518798882.

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There is growing concern that the built forms resulting from conventional suburban design may be adversely affecting the social well-being, sense of community, and psychological health of its residents. This study tested the premise that suburban neighborhood developments ( n = 36) designed in accordance with a New Urbanist inspired planning policy in Perth, Western Australia, improved residents’ ( n = 644) sense of community and mental health. Findings revealed that with each 10% increase in policy compliance, residents odds of experiencing high sense of community increased by 21% ( OR = 1.21, 95% CI = [1.04, 1.41]) and low psychological distress increased by 14% ( OR = 1.14, 95% CI = [1.01, 1.28]). These results add empirical input to the debate surrounding the rhetoric and purported social goals and benefits of the New Urbanism, indicating that implementation of its neo-traditionalist neighborhood design principles may help create the conditions for positive neighborhood sense of community and mental health.

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Timberlake, Jeffrey M. "Separate, But How Unequal? Ethnic Residential Stratification, 1980 to 1990". City & Community 1, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2002): 251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-6040.00022.

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Much recent scholarship has focused on inequality in the socioeconomic status of neighborhoods in which different racial and ethnic groups are concentrated. However, the most widely used measures of residential inequality merely describe the extent to which groups are nominally differentiated in residential space. I use 1980 and 1990 U.S. Census data to calculate levels of and changes in residential stratification—the degree to which members of one group tend to live in more advantaged neighborhoods than members of another group—between whites and blacks, Latinos, and Asians. Results both confirm and qualify conventional interpretations of residential inequality when measured as nominal–level segregation. For example, although in 1990 Latinos and Asians were similarly and only moderately segregated from whites, Asians experienced dramatically lower levels of neighborhood disadvantage. I also find that although levels of segregation were nearly identical in central cities and suburban rings, residential stratification was much lower for suburban residents than for their central city counterparts. I conclude by discussing implications of the findings for theoretical and empirical research on residential inequality.

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30

Khattak, Asad J., Virginie J. Amerlynck y Roberto G. Quercia. "Are Travel Times and Distances to Work Greater for Residents of Poor Urban Neighborhoods?" Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1718, n.º 1 (enero de 2000): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1718-10.

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The commuting patterns of low-income urban residents are discussed. On the basis of the spatial mismatch hypothesis, the question of whether central city low-income residents face an undue burden of commuting cost (time and distance) to work compared with the rest of the population is examined. Data from the 1995 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey were used in the analysis. Models explaining travel time and distance to work are combined with a model explaining the probability of being employed on the basis of individual and neighborhood characteristics, thus correcting for sample selectivity. In general, it was found that urban residents are less likely to work than their suburban counterparts. Among the people who work, residents of low-income urban neighborhoods commute longer and farther than residents of low-income suburban neighborhoods. The average differences for the residents of the lowest-income neighborhoods are only 6 min and 2 mi (3 km). On the basis of the value of time, it is concluded that these national differences are not too large. The undue commute burden faced by residents of low-income neighborhoods may be shown to be a greater problem in some metropolitan areas than in others, suggesting further research at the metropolitan or regional level.

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Hackett, Martine, Clara Gillens- Eromosele y Jacob Dixon. "Examining childhood obesity and the environment of a segregated, lower-income US suburb". International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare 8, n.º 4 (21 de diciembre de 2015): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhrh-09-2014-0021.

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Purpose – The contribution of the built environment within communities plays a significant role in the higher rates of childhood obesity, particularly among black and Hispanic youth. The purpose of this paper is to investigate neighborhood assets and barriers to nutrition and physical activity in an underserved, majority-minority suburban community in New York State, USA using Photovoice, a community-based participatory research method. Design/methodology/approach – Nine local youth took photographs to visually identify the community’s environmental assets and barriers. Through an extensive review and selection of photos and group discussion themes were identified. Final results of the Photovoice project were presented to local policy makers and community members for action. Findings – Participants provided complex and insightful perspectives of health inequalities in the suburbs, including limited access to fresh, healthy food, and safe spaces for physical activity. They also understood that improving nutrition and physical activity practices required policy changes and civic engagement. Research limitations/implications – This study represented one suburban area of New York, and is not meant to be representative of all suburban areas. However, the findings of environmental barriers to childhood obesity are similar to those found in urban areas, suggesting similarities in low-income communities of color. Social implications – This study suggests that Photovoice is an effective way of collaborating between various community stakeholders (particularly youth) in an underserved suburb that can result in community changes. Originality/value – Besides achieving all three Photovoice goals – recording and reflection, dialogue, and reaching policymakers – the Photovoice project identified a long-standing environmental hazard as a result of the partnerships established between the youth, academic institution, community-based organizations, and residents. This study also identified factors in the built environment that contribute to health disparities in a racially segregated suburban community.

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Hamilton, Kerry, Andrew T. Kaczynski, Melissa L. Fair y Lucie Lévesque. "Examining the Relationship between Park Neighborhoods, Features, Cleanliness, and Condition with Observed Weekday Park Usage and Physical Activity: A Case Study". Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7582402.

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Background. Little research has comprehensively explored how park features, quality indicators, and neighborhood environments are associated with observed park usage and physical activity (PA). This case study examined whether weekday park usage and PA differ by neighborhood type, across numerous categories of park features, and according to park feature condition and cleanliness.Methods. Direct observation was used to capture the number of users and PA levels within 143 park features in 6 parks (3 urban, 3 suburban) over the course of six weeks. Audits of park environments assessed the type, condition, and cleanliness of all features and amenities.Results. Urban parks experienced greater usage, but a higher proportion of sedentary users than suburban parks. Usage and PA levels differed across types of park features, with splash pads, pools, paths, and play structures having the greatest proportion of active users. Usage did not differ by park feature condition and cleanliness, but greater condition and cleanliness were generally associated with higher PA levels.Conclusions. Factors such as neighborhood context, types of park features, and condition and cleanliness can impact park usage and PA levels and should be targets for researchers and planners aiming to foster more user-friendly and active neighborhood park environments.

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33

Kleit, Rachel Garshick. "Neighborhood Relations in Suburban Scattered-Site and Clustered Public Housing". Journal of Urban Affairs 23, n.º 3-4 (septiembre de 2001): 409–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0735-2166.00097.

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Squires, Gregory D. y William Velez. "Neighborhood Racial Composition and Mortgage Lending: City and Suburban Differences". Journal of Urban Affairs 9, n.º 3 (octubre de 1987): 217–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9906.1987.tb00477.x.

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35

Erkip, Feyzan. "Community and neighborhood relations in Ankara: An urban–suburban contrast". Cities 27, n.º 2 (abril de 2010): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2009.10.003.

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36

Bitter, Christopher y Andy Krause. "The influence of urban design packages on home values". International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 10, n.º 2 (3 de abril de 2017): 184–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-08-2015-0049.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of neighborhood design templates on residential home values in King County, WA, USA. Previous research examines a number of individual design factors; this study combines these factors into typologies and tests for the impacts of the composite set of design features. Design/methodology/approach The study analyzes over 27,000 home sales with a hedonic price model to measure the impacts across three large, regional submarkets. Neighborhood design categories are developed using a cluster analysis on a set of individual neighborhood attributes. Findings The key finding from this research is that the impact of more traditional (“urban”) design packages on home values is highly contextual. For the older and denser neighborhoods in the study area, a more traditional design results in a significantly positive impact on home values. In the new and more suburban regions of the study area, this effect is not found. Originality/value Prior work focused on valuing design attributes individually. The study argues that neighborhood design is better conceived of as a “package”, as the value of a given design element may depend on other co-located attributes. This is the first study, to the authors’ knowledge, to treat physical neighborhood design variables as a composite whole and to attempt to value their impact on home values as such.

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Lovejoy, Kristin, Susan Handy y Patricia Mokhtarian. "Neighborhood satisfaction in suburban versus traditional environments: An evaluation of contributing characteristics in eight California neighborhoods". Landscape and Urban Planning 97, n.º 1 (julio de 2010): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.04.010.

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Lal, Raj M., Kirti Das, Yingling Fan, Karoline K. Barkjohn, Nisha Botchwey, Anu Ramaswami y Armistead G. Russell. "Connecting Air Quality with Emotional Well-Being and Neighborhood Infrastructure in a US City". Environmental Health Insights 14 (enero de 2020): 117863022091548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178630220915488.

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Cities in the United States have announced initiatives to become more sustainable, healthy, resilient, livable, and environmentally friendly. However, indicators for measuring all outcomes related to these targets and the synergies between them have not been well defined or studied. One such relationship is the linkage between air quality with emotional well-being (EWB) and neighborhood infrastructure. Here, regulatory monitoring, low-cost sensors (LCSs), and air quality modeling were combined to assess exposures to PM2.5 and traffic-related NOx in 6 Minneapolis, MN, neighborhoods of varying infrastructure parameters (median household income, urban vs suburban, and access to light rail). Residents of the study neighborhoods concurrently took real-time EWB assessments using a smart phone application, Daynamica, to gauge happiness, tiredness, stress, sadness, and pain. Both LCS PM2.5 observations and mobile-source-simulated NOx were calibrated using regulatory observations in Minneapolis. No statistically significant (α = 0.05) PM2.5 differences were found between urban poor and urban middle-income neighborhoods, but average mobile-source NOx was statistically significantly (α = 0.05) higher in the 4 urban neighborhoods than in the 2 suburban neighborhoods. Close proximity to light rail had no observable impact on average observed PM2.5 or simulated mobile-source NOx. Home-based exposure assessments found that PM2.5 was negatively correlated with positive emotions such as happiness and to net affect (the sum of positive and negative emotion scores) and positively correlated (ie, a higher PM2.5 concentration led to higher scores) for negative emotions such as tiredness, stress, sadness, and pain. Simulated mobile-source NOx, assessed from both home-based exposures and in situ exposures, had a near-zero relationship with all EWB indicators. This was attributed to low NOx levels throughout the study neighborhoods and at locations were the EWB-assessed activities took place, both owing to low on-road mobile-source NOx impacts. Although none of the air quality and EWB responses were determined to be statistically significant (α = 0.05), due in part to the relatively small sample size, the results are suggestive of linkages between air quality and a variety of EWB outcomes.

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Dinic-Brankovic, Milena, Ivana Bogdanovic-Protic, Jelena Djekic y Petar Mitkovic. "Post-socialist suburbanization and sprawl development patterns - Nis case study". Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 14, n.º 3 (2016): 355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace1603355d.

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One of the characteristic forms of suburban development in the second half of the 20th century is urban sprawl. Various authors state that sprawl characterizes the urban development of both capitalist and former socialist cities. The cities of Central and Eastern Europe, however, remained compact during the entire period of socialism, and did not begin dispersed development until the 90?s. The goal of this paper is to examine the spatial-functional characteristics of the capitalist sprawl model and determine similarities and differences to the post-socialist suburban development patterns. A typical sprawling settlement of the capitalist city is presented in this paper: Platte Ridge neighborhood in the metropolitan area of Kansas City, Missouri, USA. Then two suburban segments of the City of Nis, Serbia from the post-socialist period are analyzed, which represent typical cases of the residential and retail decentralization: Podvinik/Vinik residential zone beyond the urban boundary, and a retail center at the periphery of the city in Duvaniste neighborhood. The paper points out to problems that urban design of capitalist sprawl produces in the usage of space in the post-socialist city.

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40

Pereira, Ana Carolina. "Monsters". After Dinner Conversation 2, n.º 1 (2021): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/adc2021217.

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What does it mean to be a monster? How do you teach people to become accustomed to seeing things they don’t initially like or understand? Whose obligation is it to break through stereotypes and create a deeper understanding, the person who is afraid, or the object of their fear? In this work of philosophical short fiction, a mother takes her child out to the park even though there are ongoing rumors of “monsters” that roam their suburban neighborhood. Those fears seem to be true, and seem to imply this is a unique world, as the driver of an ice-cream truck suffers from severe, and grotesque, physical deformities. He says the reason he works a job and goes out in public is to help others get used to seeing “people” like him. On their walk home the narrator is continually concerned about the monsters that lurk in the neighborhood as she questions if leaving the house was a good idea. She feels she is being stalked by one of the monsters as they rush back to their home. They reach relative safety when her husband sees them and brings them onto their property. That’s when she sees, newly spray painted on the garage door of their suburban house “Whites only, negros get out.” Only then do we realize that the “monsters” are those that live all around them as they are the first to integrate their suburban neighborhood. They are the ones forcing others to get used to seeing “people” like them.

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41

David, Mariana Rocha, Gabriel Sylvestre Ribeiro y Rafael Maciel de Freitas. "Bionomics of Culex quinquefasciatus within urban areas of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil". Revista de Saúde Pública 46, n.º 5 (octubre de 2012): 858–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102012000500013.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate density, parity rates, daily survival and longevity of natural populations of Culex quinquefasciatus in three neighborhoods with distinct socio-economic and infrastructure profiles. METHODS: Mosquito collections of the Culex quinquefasciatus species were performed weekly during two four month periods, from August to November 2008 (spring) and March to June 2009 (fall), in a favela (slum), a suburban area and a middle class area of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil. Collections were performed with backpack aspirators, in 20 randomly selected houses in each area per week, during 15-20 minutes per house. Ovaries were removed from captured females and classified as initial, intermediary or final stage. Furthermore, females were dissected for determination of parity based on the condition of the tracheal system. Mosquito survival rate and longevity were estimated on a per month basis for each neighborhood. RESULTS: We collected a total of 2,062 Culex quinquefasciatus, but monthly vector density was not correlated with temperature and rainfall. We dissected the ovaries of 625 Culex quinquefasciatus, and overall, there was a higher proportion of nulliparous females during the dryer months, while gravid females were more frequent in rainy months. In the middle class neighborhood, the parity rate reached up to 93.75% with survivorship of 0.979. Lower parity and survival rates were obtained in the suburban area (as low as 36.4% parity and 0.711 daily survival). Up to 84.7% of Culex quinquefasciatus females could survive the eight day period needed to complete West Nile Virus incubation. CONCLUSIONS: The survival rate of Culex quinquefasciatus varied significantly between the neighborhoods. This suggests that vectorial capacity and disease transmission risk may vary greatly between different urban areas, which is potentially useful information for vector control programs.

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Mesch, Gustavo S. y Yael Levanon. "Community Networking and Locally‐Based Social Ties in Two Suburban Localities". City & Community 2, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2003): 335–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1535-6841.2003.00059.x.

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Concerns have been expressed that Internet use may affect social participation and involvement in the local community. Internet use can be viewed as a time‐consuming activity, and it may come at the expense of face‐to‐face activities. The time people devote to using the Internet might replace time spent on neighborly relations and community involvement. However, the use of computer‐mediated communication in geographically‐based communities might also increase face‐to‐face communication and even solve some of the problems associated with decreasing participation and involvement in the local community. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between membership in a geographically‐based mailing list and locally‐based social ties. A web‐based survey of subscribers to two suburban mailing lists in Israel was conducted to investigate the relationship between membership in a mailing list and neighborhood social ties, social ties in the extended community, and the movement from online to face‐to‐face relationships. It was found that although membership on the mailing list did not affect the extent of neighborhood interactions, it increased the number of individuals a participant knew in the community. Online relationships with members of the local community proved likely to change into face‐to‐face relationships. The results imply that community networking increases social involvement and participation not in the immediate neighborhood but in the extended community and serves to complement traditional channels of communication.

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Zhang, Tianyao, Rebecca Lai Har Chiu y Hung Chak Ho. "Suburban neighborhood environments and depression: A case study of Guangzhou, China". Journal of Transport & Health 15 (diciembre de 2019): 100624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2019.100624.

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Cleaveland, Carol L. y Debra Lattanzi Shutika. "“Wouldn’t You Walk Away?” Foreclosures and Homeowner Understandings". Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 100, n.º 2 (10 de diciembre de 2018): 174–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1044389418809779.

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Social work scholarship on neoliberalism—the dominant ideology and policies shaping access to housing, jobs, healthcare, and education—is in its infancy. This study examines the ground-level impact of the subprime mortgage crisis that triggered the Great Recession in 2008, examining how homeowners interpreted the changes to their neighborhood as they witnessed a remarkably high rate of foreclosures during the economic collapse of 2008-2010. Residents of a suburban community were unaware of the lending and banking practices that transformed their neighborhoods, though these policies arguably depreciated house values and a sense of well-being. Not knowing the culpability of predatory lenders in the crisis, some residents turned to an anti-immigrant social movement to preserve their community.

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45

Hall, Matthew y Maria Krysan. "The Neighborhood Context of Latino Threat". Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 3, n.º 2 (21 de junio de 2016): 218–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649216641435.

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In recent years, the size of the Latino immigrant population has swelled in communities throughout the United States. For decades, social scientists have studied how social context, particularly a minority group’s relative size, affects the sentiments of the dominant group. Using a random sample survey of five communities in suburban Chicago, the authors examine the impact of Latino population concentration on native-born white residents’ subjective perceptions of threat from Latino immigrants at two micro-level geographies: the immediate block and the surrounding blocks. After controlling for Latino population size in surrounding blocks, percentage Latino in the immediate block does not influence perceptions of threat from Latino immigrants. The effect of surrounding blocks’ population size is consistent with group threat theories for white residents: the larger the Latino population, the greater the perceived threat.

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Rury, John L. "Trouble in Suburbia: Localism, Schools and Conflict in Postwar Johnson County, Kansas". History of Education Quarterly 55, n.º 2 (mayo de 2015): 133–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hoeq.12111.

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Suburban public schools have become the predominant form of American education in the past fifty years. As a number of commentators have noted, however, historians have devoted relatively little attention to the development of these educational systems. This is surprising, given the importance of schools in the development of many suburban communities, especially during the postwar era. Education became a critical element in suburban struggles to create distinctive local identities in the wake of metropolitan development and liberal reform. Neighborhood schools were sites of political conflict over these issues in Southern California and elsewhere, as suburbanites asserted their independence as property owners. Recent studies have documented how this contributed to a widespread “tax revolt” during the latter 1970s, and a sharp conservative turn in politics that accompanied it. Little has been written, however, about how the rise of such “localism” in suburban political culture affected the schools.

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Martín Domínguez, Dra Guiomar y Dr Javier De Esteban Garbayo. "Home-city interactions in suburban Tokyo". Revista de Arquitectura 23, n.º 34 (26 de junio de 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5354/0719-5427.2018.47906.

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In 2002, Ryue Nishizawa received the commission to build a house in the special ward of Ōta, a traditional village swallowed by the expanding metropolis. The proposed scheme colonizes the plot with independent boxes and interlocking gardens, allowing the owner to rent part of the property while paying his mortgage. This design strategy, based on a radical fragmentation of the dwelling’s program and on the blurring of hierarchies, is closely linked to Tokyo’s urban context, firstly in socio-economic terms. It also confers a renewed role to the existing network of urban voids from the neighborhood; it invites to a reconsideration of the idea of limit and it challenges traditional spatial binaries like exterior/interior or public/private. Ultimately, this paper aims to show how Moriyama House acts as an active component of the ever-changing city fabric around it, while questioning traditional bonds between home and city in the framework of contemporary culture.

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Smith, Kenny. ""You've Been Wonderful Neighbors": Key Factors in the Successful Integration of a Wiccan Coven into a Suburban Community in the Southeastern United States". Nova Religio 12, n.º 1 (1 de agosto de 2008): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2008.12.1.103.

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In May 2000 the House of Oak Spring (HOS), a Wiccan group, purchased eighteen acres of forested land and a home in a typical suburban Atlanta neighborhood, with the goal of establishing a covenstead. While residents of the suburb initially reacted with considerable fear and hostility, they soon came to accept and even appreciate their Wiccan neighbors. This essay seeks to explain the successful integration of HOS into the larger community in terms of the benefits the community enjoys as a result of the presence of HOS. The case of HOS suggests that similar dynamics may have informed the successful integration of other religious minorities in different communities.

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Winstead, Brock. "On Becoming a Historic Resident of Oakland". Boom 4, n.º 4 (2014): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/boom.2014.4.4.37.

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This article recounts the history of the author's house and surrounding area in the Golden Gate neighborhood of Oakland, California, from the pre-colonial era to the present. The article emphasizes the repeated instances of displacement of one class of residents by another: colonization by the Spanish, the post-Gold Rush Anglo takeover, agriculture giving way to suburban development, the African American migration to Oakland, and contemporary gentrification. The author positions the current wave of gentrification and displacement in his neighborhood and city in the context of that history.

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Nojima, Shinji y Yoko Harada. "A regeneration of suburban detached housing estates by creation of sustainable neighborhood". Japanese Journal of Real Estate Sciences 23, n.º 1 (2009): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5736/jares.23.1_65.

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