Tesis:

1

Susandarini, Ratna. "Investigation on the population variation of Drosera indica L. complex using combined morphological and molecular techniques." Title page, abstract and contents only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SM/09sms964.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 131-159. Drosera indica L. is an annual tropical species of carnivorous plant exhibiting a considerable amount of morphological variability, including plant size, flower colour, stamen form, seed size and seed coat ornamentation pattern. This study aims at investigating the pattern of morphological and genetic variability in this species to determine whether there are morphologically distinguishable groups, and whether these groups are genetically distinct.

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2

Krueger, Thilo Alexander. "Determining prey spectra of carnivorous sundews using DNA-metabarcoding." Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/86225.

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Prey spectra of five closely-related species of carnivorous plants (Drosera sect. Arachnopus, Droseraceae) were investigated in their natural habitats in Western Australia using novel in-situ macro photography and DNA-metabarcoding techniques. Accurate analysis of prey spectra (even of heavily digested prey) at a taxonomic resolution and level of completeness unachievable by morphology-based methods was demonstrated. Observed prey selectivity in the scented D. fragrans supported the existence of an olfactory prey attraction strategy in this species.

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3

Owen, Josée. "The effects of nitrogen, harvest method and substrate on the growth and the medicinal compound concentration of hydroponically-grown sundew (Drosera adelae F. Muell.) /." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33435.

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Some species of sundew (Drosera spp.), harvested from the wild for use in homeopathic cold remedies, are now endangered. This research consisted of two experiments in hydroponic production of sundew. The first investigated the effects of four nitrogen (N) fertilization levels (0.0, 5.1, 25.5 or 51.0 mg/L added N) and three harvest methods (after two months, four months, and sequential harvest at two and four months) on the growth of Drosera adelae (F. Muell.). In addition, the effect of N on the production of a medicinal active ingredient in D. adelae was examined. The second experiment investigated effects of the same nitrogen treatments in combination with three substrates (long fiber sphagnum, peat or rockwool) on growth. The growth rate of D. adelae was greatest at low levels of nitrogen fertilization, and slowed after two months of growth. Plants that were sequentially harvested had the lowest growth rate among all the harvest method treatments. Young plants and plants that received little or no N fertilizer had a greater water concentration than the other plants. Substrate and N level interacted, but generally peat and rockwool produced greater yields than did sphagnum. The medicinal compound plumbagin and a similar but unidentified compound were detected in the leaf extracts of D. adelae. However, whether N fertilization influenced the concentration of these compounds remains inconclusive.

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4

Jennings, David. "The Conservation and Ecology of Carnivorous Plants." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3169.

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As discussed in Chapter 1, although our understanding of the ecology and evolution of carnivorous plants has greatly improved in recent years, many fundamental questions remain unanswered. Unfortunately, at the present time, many carnivorous plants are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities. Indeed, over half of the carnivorous plant species assessed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) are listed as `threatened', but the threats to carnivorous plants have not previously been quantified. In Chapter 2, I quantified the conservation threats to carnivorous plant taxa worldwide by searching peer-reviewed literature, and found data on the threats to 48 species of carnivorous plants from nine genera. The most common threat was habitat loss from agriculture, followed by the collection of wild plants, pollution, and natural systems modifications. As I found in Chapter 2, while agrochemical pollution is thought to be an important conservation threat to carnivorous plants, the effects of insecticides in particular on these taxa have not previously been quantified. Therefore in Chapter 3 I tested the effects of commercial and technical grades of three widely used insecticides (carbaryl, lambda-cyhalothrin, and malathion) on survival and the expression of traits associated with carnivory of pink sundews (Drosera capillaris) and Venus flytraps (Dionaea muscipula) using a combination of lab- and field-based experiments. Commercial grades were generally more harmful than technical grades under lab and field conditions, but all three insecticides were capable of causing negative effects on the plants within recommended application rates. Pink sundews appeared to be more susceptible to insecticides than Venus flytraps, perhaps because of larger numbers of digestive glands on the leaf surfaces. Given the effects observed, I suggest that the use of insecticides should be carefully managed in areas containing vulnerable carnivorous plant species. For Chapters 4 and 5, I explored the ecological role of carnivorous plants, specifically if they could compete with animals for shared prey resources. In Chapter 4 I characterized the ground-surface spider and arthropod assemblages of two mesic flatwood habitats in Florida, to resolve what the most likely animal competitor was for pink sundews. I identified 31 spider species from 27 genera in 12 families, with wolf spiders (Lycosidae) being the dominant spider family at both sites. Based on their abundance and the behavioral traits they exhibited, I determined that the funnel-web-building wolf spider Sosippus floridanus was the most likely potential competitor with pink sundews. Collembola and Formicidae were the most abundant arthropod taxa present, but ground-surface spiders were not strongly associated with any typical prey groups, suggesting that environmental factors might also be important in structuring this community. Subsequently, in Chapter 5 I examined the potential for competition between carnivorous plants and animals by studying dietary and microhabitat overlap between pink sundews and wolf spiders in the field, and by conducting a lab experiment examining the effects of wolf spiders on sundew fitness. In the field, I found that sundews and spiders had high dietary overlap with each other and with the available arthropod prey. Associations between sundews and spiders depended on spatial-scale: sundews and spiders were both found more frequently in quadrats with more abundant prey, but within quadrats spiders constructed larger webs and located them further away from sundews as the total sundew trapping area increased. Spiders also constructed larger webs when fewer prey were available. In the lab, my experiment revealed that spiders can significantly reduce sundew fitness. All of these results suggest that members of the plant and animal kingdoms can and do compete. These findings provided inspiration for Chapter 6, where I explored if phylogenetic distance was a good predictor of the strength of competition between taxa, using a meta-analytical approach. I collected data from studies published from 1998-2008 in eight ecology journals using the keyword `interspecific competition', gathering a total of 191 effect sizes. I found no significant relationship between phylogenetic distance and the strength of competition, contrary to the long-standing assumption that it should be greatest in strength between closely related species. However, these findings could presently be limited by publication bias, and I suggest several directions for future research.

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5

Sobolewski, Dawid. "Utvärdering av slamkvalitéten vid Sundets reningsverk i Växjö." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-35681.

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Allt färre globala tillgångar av fosfatmalmer, som används främst som mineralgödsel inom jordbruket, leder till att återföring av fosfor från olika källor blir allt mer viktigt. I Naturvårdsverkets utredning ”Hållbar återföring av fosfor” undersöks olika fosforflöden och deras potential för hållbar återföring bedöms. Utredningen omfattar bland annat avloppsslam och matavfall och föreslår nya gränsvärden för fraktioner som sprids på åkermark. Sundets reningsverk har samrötat avloppsslam och matavfall sedan år 2007. Rötslammet används främst som gödsel inom jordbruket. De nya gränsvärdena kan påverka spridningsmöjligheten på åkermark. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att utvärdera slamkvalitéten vid Sundets reningsverk med avseende på halter av metaller och organiska ämnen den senaste tioårsperioden. Arbetet undersöker hur halterna förhåller sig till gällande och framtida gränsvärden och mål. I utvärderingen föreslås ämnen som bör prioriteras i reningsverkets uppströmsarbete. Med hjälp av studier av metallhalter i matavfallet vid Sundets reningsverk samt litteraturstudier inom området undersöks matavfallets påverkan på metallhalter i rötslammet. Studien visar att Sundets reningsverk har goda förutsättningar att fortsätta sprida sitt rötslam på åkermark. Analyserade ämnen klarar gällande och majoriteten av föreslagna gränsvärden. Flera faktorer kan dock påverka metallinnehållet i slammet. Kadmium, kvicksilver, silver och zink är metaller som bör uppmärksammas i Sundets uppströmsarbete.

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6

Martin, Tamra Artelia. "Finding Sundays: A Collection of Stories." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5423.

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Finding Sundays: A Collection of Stories is a collection that explores the lives of people in the fictional town of Hickory Springs, Virginia. The title story “Finding Sundays” follows the life of Deacon Taylor and connects him to the characters around him in the proceeding pieces. These stories explore the lives of Deacon, his family, and his childhood friend, Sandra. The focus of this collection is not meant to be about spirituality or religion in general, although these exist as themes in the background of the stories. Instead, it is meant to look at how the lives of people connected through a church and a small town setting can affect them and lead them on different paths through the choices they make. Their personal struggles and challenges help them to either discover who they are or lose a piece of themselves in the process, which is especially true for Deacon. He is the character who appears as a child, as an adolescent, and as an adult. Self-discovery is not always peaceful or satisfying for him or any of the characters around him, and their individual journeys show this process and the different events that come from the choices they make. This collection focuses on how religious roots, friendships, and familial connections, or the lack of such bonds, affect the characters' own personal views and decisions as well as how they relate to those around them. ID: 031001361; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: Darlin' Neal.; Includes book list (p. 172-176).; Title from PDF title page (viewed May 3, 2013).; Thesis (M.F.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2012. M.F.A. Masters English Arts and Humanities Creative Writing

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7

Volkova, Sofiya. "Sundown and Problems of Anti-Development in Petro-Modernity." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-30553.

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This essay takes the novel Sundown (1934), written by Native American writer John Joseph Mathews in the context of the Osage oil boom, as a literary source in order to address the question of how oil projects expectations of a glorious future, but actually prevents development in a colonial context. In this paper modernity is seen as a process of creation and destruction, able to create new ways of living and destroying the previous order, able to cause problems, but also find solutions in its never-ending movement. Oil-capitalism is one of the main reasons why modernity as we know it is possible, but it is also the cause of many modern problems. This essay examines negative impact of modernity outside the European and Euro-American cultures, and raises the possibility of an alternative to Western modernity, where development would be fair not only on the economic level, but also on the social and environmental one. In the first part the essay analyses the social effects of oil, such as the destabilization of the Osage culture and their exclusion from the system, which leads to stagnation and personal frustration; in the second part it interprets Sundown as a modernist anti-developmental novel, arguing that the stunted main character and plot are direct reflections of the context of impossible development. The paper concludes with an ecocritical discussion about the possibility of a post-oil future of human and environmental justice, and by extension, about an alternative to the Western modernity.

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8

Metz, Michael V. "What's happened to France? Sundays, socialism, and neoliberal modernity." Thesis, San Jose State University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10169580.

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The "Macron Law", liberalizing French Sunday shopping hours, created great controversy in the French media in the winter of 2014-15, with particular opposition coming from the political left and the religious right. The controversy seemed to symbolize deeper issues for French society, appearing to some as a watershed, to others a threat. Some citizens expressed concern that the “European way of life" was disappearing, being replaced by a more materialist, consumerist, extreme capitalist economic model that posed an overt threat to the traditional social protection system. Were these fears real or only imagined? To an observer, shops open on Sundays might only be a convenience, not an encroachment of “jungle capitalism”, and the French welfare state, even with changes in recent years, still appeared quite generous. Was the Macron Law a simple adjustment of business hours, or was it an existential moment for the nation? Focusing on French socialism, the social welfare system, and the pivotal presidential years of François Mitterrand, this thesis argues that the evolution of the meaning of Sunday in France can be seen as a metaphor for the nation’s political and economic development in the late twentieth century. The thesis contends that following the turbulent 1970s, as the neoliberal paradigm became dominant globally, France forged a unique approach, an acceptable path between that model and the nation’s traditions, just as an accommodation was found in the Sunday shopping controversy, when aspects of religious and socialist traditions were compromised to meet the demands of modern life.

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9

Salman, Lindile Andrew. "Challenges faced by the Eastern Cape Provincial Department of Local Government integrated development planning unit in supporting municipalities to deliver credible integrated development plans, using Sundays River Valley Municipality as a case study." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021092.

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This Research was undertaken to explore the challenges faced by the Eastern Cape Department of Local Government and Traditional Affairs Integrated Development Planning Unit to support municipalities to deliver credible Integrated Development Plans (IDPs), using Sunday’s River Valley Municipality as a case study. The legal obligation of the Department of Local Government is to support Municipalities to able them to perform their function and execute the duties allocated to them. This mandate originates from the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act 108 of 1996. The Provincial Department of Local Government Integrated Development Unit is therefore obliged to support and guide municipalities in the development of IDPs by mobilizing and coordinating sector departments to participate in IDP processes, and to identify and allocate funds for projects. It is suggested that the DLGTA IDP Unit is not doing enough to support municipalities so as to deliver credible IDPs, hence the wide-spread violent service delivery protests. The study aimed at establishing whether there is a direct link between the efforts or not of DLGTA to help the municipality to develop a credible IDP and service delivery protests. The IDP may be credible, but the implementation may be flawed, or funding does not flow as expected, or the people on the ground may not understand that it may take years to deliver services. The study targeted senior managers of coordinating Departments, the Sunday’s River Valley Municipality (SRVM) and IDP Managers of SRVM and the Cacadu District Municipality (CDM). The study discovered that sector departments do not participate meaningfully in IDP processes mainly because: (1) SRVM does not extend invitations to all sector departments to attend IDP meetings; (2) There is no legal obligation to participate at local level; (3) There appears to be no commitment shown by senior managers of SRVM on IDP Processes. The DLGTA IDP Unit efforts to assist SRVM to deliver credible IDPs cannot be deemed successful, because the SRVM IDP continued to receive medium rating score for four years in succession. The DLGTA IDP Unit never paid attention to the issues cited above as the cause of stagnation of SRVM IDP. The DLGTA IDP Unit was not aware that the issues cited above were the cause for the poor SRVM IDP until the researcher brought it to their attention. It is therefore recommended that the culture of participation in the IDP processes by top management of both SRVM and DLGTA should be included in the performance contracts of top management officials. It is also recommended that the Inter Governmental Relations (IGR) Framework Act be reviewed to recognize IGR IDP Structures at local level such as IDP Representative Forums. The Act currently is silent on those structures at local level.

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10

Chirara, Malon Tinotenda. "Perceived undersupply of local labour in the presence of unemployment: a case of selected Sundays River Valley citrus farms, 2013." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020367.

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While skilled labour shortages are common in many countries, including South Africa, mainly due to a skills mismatch, the undersupply of unskilled labour was less expected, especially in developing countries with high unemployment. The thesis utilises data on perceived worker undersupply on selected citrus farms in the Sundays River Valley (SRV), located in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, collected in 2013, to analyse why unemployed residents, surprisingly, do not fill up vacancies on farms. In contrast to other labour markets, farm employment is not restricted by educational levels and as workers reported, with little training the various job tasks and skills required are easy and quick to grasp. At a time the government is trying to find ways of reducing unemployment, and the SRV Municipality (2012:29) reported approximately 42% unemployment, the question arises as to why the relatively low educated residents do not take advantage of the employment opportunities on farms. According to local workers and unemployed residents, the farm job was unattractive largely because of a combination of two factors: perceived relatively low salaries partly caused by the availability of migrant seasonal workers accepting lower remuneration and poor non-wage working conditions. The survey also found that farmers preferred migrant workers because they were more productive compared to their local counterparts who were, reportedly, characterised by high absenteeism and laziness, caused mainly by a reliance on social grants and alcohol abuse. Other reasons given for the unattractiveness of the farm job included the seasonal nature of farm employment, which left workers with no source of income in the offseason, the redundancy associated with farm tasks, perceived poor treatment of workers and lack of information on UIF and Provident funds to farm workers. To address problems associated with the dislike of farm work, seasonality of on-farm employment and the reportedly relatively low income, farm managers, the local municipality and the Labour Department could possibly be involved in creating more communal agricultural projects and help provide local community members to venture into supporting alternative careers within the Hospitality, Ecotourism and Conservation Industries through training programmes. Farm managers may need to consider improving their working relationship with workers in communication and when assigning tasks. Farmers and the local municipality could also consider investing in training programmes for the unemployed residents to equip them with technical skills that can improve their chances of finding jobs.

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11

Schulte, zu Sundern Susanne [Verfasser]. "Thrombose und Postthrombotisches Syndrom bei Traumapatienten / Susanne Schulte zu Sundern." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1028651198/34.

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12

Schulte, zu Sundern Friederike [Verfasser]. "Onlineangebot von Sendeunternehmen : Rechteerwerb und Rechteverwertung / Friederike Schulte zu Sundern." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1212394852/34.

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13

Molony, Lara. "Water security amongst impoverished households in the Sundays River Valley Municipality : community experiences and perspectives." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018932.

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Water security is influenced by the complex interplay between ecological, socio-political, governance and water management systems. Achieving water security is essential for ensuring sustainable development, and challenges with water security are closely linked to the overall experience of poverty that many countries throughout the world, including South Africa, confront. These problems can broadly be understood through three main factors: water availability, access and usage; water governance and management underpin these factors. Water insecurity can often be seen in townships within South Africa, where water service delivery and water access is precarious. This study provides a lens into the water security experiences of two poor township communities in the Sundays River Valley Municipality (SRVM) namely Nomathamsanqa in Addo and Aquapark in Kirkwood. The research assessed water security patterns amongst RDP, township and informal settlement households serviced by the SRVM and found that communities face severe water security problems. Specifically, it was found that all township households encounter frequent water shortages, cuts in municipal water supply and water quality concerns. Issues around the payment for water and dissatisfaction with water service delivery also emerged. The purpose of this research was to allow for community experiences and perspectives to be expressed in an academic space that has previously been dominated by water management and policy makers. The study concludes that these communities within the SRVM experience significant challenges in securing safe water and these are largely due to social water scarcity issues and the difficulties the municipality faces concerning water service delivery.

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14

Sundell, Janne. "Vole population dynamics : experiments on predation." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2002. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/mat/ekolo/vk/sundell/.

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15

Esquibel, Elena. "Performing Race, Performing History: Oral Histories of Sundown Towns in Southern Illinois." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/356.

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Sundown towns are communities with a history of excluding African Americans and that are predominantly White on purpose. Although sundown towns have inevitably changed over time, a number of them continue to be alarmingly White, and their reputations continue to persist. Sundown towns are widespread across the U.S. and despite their prevalence, very little research exists on the topic. Furthermore, sundown towns were largely maintained through oral tradition. In this dissertation, I explore oral history interviews with community residents about the history of sundown towns in southern Illinois. Based on over two years of fieldwork, I examine how community narratives construct present realities of sundown towns in new and nuanced ways. I am also interested in how these narratives function. I argue that race is central to investigating the history of sundown towns and use performance as an analytical tool to understand racial dimensions in community members' stories. I examine how everyday community narratives reveal racialized performances and construct current manifestations of sundown towns. I further examine the process of translating these narratives into a staged performance. Ultimately, I argue that exploring everyday community narratives from the field to the stage allows a heuristic view of the living history of sundown towns. My approach to this study is deeply informed by critical performance ethnography and Critical Race Theory. These methods work together as modes of inquiry that enable analysis of community narratives as well as my role as a researcher, with the aspiration of social change. I enter this research with the agenda to deconstruct racist structures and add to social justice discourses. In this dissertation, I strive to create space for dialogue about sundown towns, race, and racism with various audiences and create possibilities for disrupting this history.

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16

Tronäss, Sanne, and Victor Rognstad. "PÅ ANDRA SIDAN SUNDET - PROFESSIONELLAS HANDLINGSUTRYMME INOM MISSBRUKSVÅRD I DANMARK." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24418.

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Denna studie utforskar hur professionella i Danmark som arbetar inom missbruksvård upplever sitt handlingsutrymme inom de organisatoriska ramverken de är verksamma inom. Vidare utforskas hur studiens informanter upplever att det är att arbeta med skadereduktion som förhållningssätt. Då den narkotikarelaterade dödligheten i Sverige är högre än i Danmark tar studien avstamp i den svenska och danska narkotikapolitiken och beskriver den politiska synen på skadereduktion. Materialet har insamlats på norra Själland i Danmark genom sex semi-strukturerade intervjuer med totalt sju informanter. Studiens insamlade data har analyserats med hjälp av gräsrotsbyråkrati och handlingsutrymme, dessutom har aspekter kring moralisk stress lyfts in. En tematisk innehållsanalys har använts som ett metodologiskt verktyg för att bearbeta det insamlade materialet. Studiens resultat visar att informanterna upplever en stor frihet inom deras handlingsutrymme och att organisatoriska ramverk inte står i vägen för deras arbete. Resultatet visar även att skadereduktion som förhållningssätt är ett normativt sätt att arbeta i Danmark och att informanterna ser stora fördelar i detta. This study explores how professionals in Denmark who work in substance abuse care experience their discretion within the organizational framework in which they operate. Furthermore, the study explores how the interviewed professionals experience their work within in a context of harm reduction. As drug-related mortality in Sweden is higher than in Denmark, the study takes root in Swedish and Danish drug policy and describes the political view of harm reduction. The material has been collected in northern Zealand in Denmark through six semi-structured interviews with a total of seven informants. The collected data from the study has been analyzed using street-level bureaucracy and theories about discretion, aspects of moral stress have also been raised. A thematic content analysis has been used as a methodological tool for processing the collected material. The results of the study show that informants experience a high level of freedom within their discretion and that organizational frameworks do not pave the way for their work. The result also shows that harm reduction as an approach is a normative way of working in Denmark and that the informants see great benefits in this.

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17

Kotsedi, Daisy. "The response of microalgal biomass and community composition to environmental factors in the Sundays Estuary." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1434.

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The Sundays Estuary is permanently open to the sea and has been described as channel-like along its entire length with a narrow intertidal area (mostly less than 5 - 6 m in width). The estuary experiences regular freshwater inflow with large supplies of nutrients, derived from the Orange River transfer scheme and agricultural return flow. In particular, nitrate concentrations are high as a result of fertilisers used in the Sundays River catchment area. The objectives of this study were to measure microalgal biomass and community composition and relate to flow, water quality and other environmental variables. Surveys in August 2006, March 2007, February, June and August 2008 showed that salinity less than 10 percent mostly occurred from 12.5 km from the mouth and this was also where the highest water column chlorophyll a (>20 μg l-1) was found. Different groups of microalgae formed phytoplankton blooms for the different sampling sessions, which were correlated with high chlorophyll a. These included blooms of green algae (August 2006), flagellates (March 2007), dinoflagellates (June 2008) and diatom species (February and August 2008). The dominant diatom (Cyclotella atomus) indicated nutrient-rich conditions. Green algae and diatoms were associated with low salinity water in the upper reaches of the estuary. Flagellates were dominant throughout the estuary particularly when nutrients were low, whereas the dinoflagellate bloom in June 2008 was correlated with high ammonium and pH. Maximum benthic chlorophyll a was found at 12.5 km from the mouth in February, June and August 2008 and was correlated with high sediment organic and moisture content. Benthic diatoms were associated with high temperature whereas some species in June 2008 were associated with high ammonium concentrations. The middle reaches of the estuary characterise a zone of deposition rather than suspension which would favour benthic diatom colonization. Phytoplankton cells settling out on the sediments may account for the high benthic chlorophyll a because maximum water column chlorophyll a was also found in the REI zone (where salinity is less than 10 percent and where high biological activity occurs) in the Sundays Estuary. The estuary was sampled over five consecutive weeks from March to April 2009 to identify environmental factors that support different microalgal bloom species. Phytoplankton blooms, defined as chlorophyll a greater than 20 μg l-1, were found during Weeks 1, 4 and 5 from the middle to the upper reaches of the estuary. Diatom species (Cylindrotheca closterium, Cyclotella atomus and Cyclostephanus dubius) occurred in bloom concentrations during these weeks. These diatom species are cosmopolitan and indicate brackish nutrient-rich water. Flagellates were the dominant group in Weeks 2 to 4, but positive correlations with chlorophyll a were found during Weeks 1 and 2. During the first week of this study the conditions were warm and calm (measured as temperature and wind speed) and there was a well developed bloom (38 μg l-1). There was a strong cold front from 17 to 19 March, which mixed the water column resulting in the decrease of the chlorophyll a levels (<20 μg l-1) and the bloom collapsed during Weeks 2 and 3. However, in Weeks 4 and 5 conditions were again calm and warmer, which appeared to stimulate the phytoplankton bloom. Nanoplankton (2.7 - 20 μm) was dominant during each week sampled and contributed a considerable amount (55 - 79 percent) to the phytoplankton biomass. Once again subtidal benthic chlorophyll a and water column chlorophyll a were highest 12.5 km from the mouth. Deposition of phytoplankton cells from the water column was evident in the benthic samples. The study showed that the Sundays Estuary is eutrophic and characterised by microalgal blooms consisting of different phytoplankton groups.

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18

Lindqvist, John, and Bjarne Kahlström. "Affärer över sundet : En studie av kulturskillnader i svensk-danska affärsrelationer." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9496.

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Denna uppsats ämnar undersöka vilka kulturskillnader som finns i svensk-danska affärsrelationer och hur dessa kan hanteras. Ämnet är aktuellt av många orsaker, bland annat har företagssamheten över nationsgränsen ökat allt mer, inte minst på grund av Öresundsbron.För att uppfylla syftet till uppsatsen har sju personer från både Sverige och Danmark intervjuats. Dessa personer har alla erfarenhet av svensk-danska affärsrelationer. För att lättare kunna urskilja och förstå skillnaderna mellan ländernas affärskulturer har Hofstedes fem kulturdimensioner använts. Den egna studien har kompletterats med en liknande studie gjord av Alvesson, Henriksson och Lind samt en nyligen utgiven rapport i ämnet från Svenska Exportrådet.Resultatet av uppsatsens empiriska undersökning är att även om Sverige och Danmark har många likheter så finns vissa skillnader i affärskulturerna. Bland annat är graden av osäkerhetsundvikande olika i vissa situationer vilket får effekt på exempelvis förhandlingsstilen. Även beslutsprocessen skiljer sig, där danskar förespråkar snabbare beslut medan svenskarna tenderar att gärna utreda mer. Andra faktorer som skiljer ländernas affärskulturer åt och som får effekt på svensk-danska affärsrelationer är synen på avtalet, språket, sättet att visa känslor samt olika arbetsmarknadsregler.

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19

Stewart, C. Neal. "The ecophysiological significance of insectivory as well as nitrogen and phosphorus availability to sundew nutrient cycling, growth, and success." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03242009-040824/.

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20

Sutherland, Kate. "The dynamics of Larval fish and Zooplankton assemblages in the Sundays Estuary, South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1119.

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The larval fish and zooplankton assemblages were studied in the permanently open Sundays Estuary on the south-east coast of South Africa, using standard boat-based plankton towing methods. A total of 8174 larval and early juvenile fishes were caught, representing 12 families and 23 taxa. The Clupeidae, Gobiidae and Blenniidae were the dominant fish families. Common species included Gilchristella aestuaria, Caffrogobius gilchristi, Omobranchus woodi, Liza dumerilii, Glossogobius callidus and Myxus capensis. Estuarine resident species (Category I) predominantly in the preflexion developmental stage, dominated the system. A total of 19 zooplankton taxa were recorded. Copepoda dominated the zooplankton community. Dominant species included Pseudodiaptomus hessei, Acartia longipatella, Halicyclops sp., Mesopodopsis wooldridgei, and the larvae of Paratylodiplax edwardsii and Hymenosoma orbiculare. Mean larval fish density showed similar trends seasonally, spatially and across salinity zones, with mean zooplankton density in the Sundays Estuary. Gut content analysis of five larval fish species: Gilchristella aestuaria, Pomadasys commersonnii, Monodactylus falciformis, Myxus capensis and Rhabdosargus holubi, revealed species specific diet and prey selection. Although larval fish diet contained a variety of prey items, guts were dominated by P. hessei, chironomid larvae, Corophium triaenonyx, copepod eggs and insect larvae. Physico-chemical drivers and the interactions between these two plankton communities provide information that enables a more holistic view of the dynamics occurring in the Sundays Estuary planktonic ecosystem.

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21

Hoksch, Beatrix [Verfasser], F. W. [Gutachter] Schildberg, and L. [Gutachter] Sunder-Plassmann. "Die thorakoskopische onkologische Lobektomie / Beatrix Hoksch ; Gutachter: F.W. Schildberg, L. Sunder-Plassmann." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2002. http://d-nb.info/1207646091/34.

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22

Windahl, Roger, and Eva Windahl. "August Strindberg infernokris : Vad kan Hjalmar Sundéns rollteori bidra med i förståelsen av Strindbergs religiösa upplevelser och erfarenheter?" Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Teacher Education (LUT), 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-138.

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Huvudsyftet med vår uppsats är att undersöka vad Hjalmar Sundéns rollteori kan bidra med i förståelsen av August Strindbergs religiösa upplevelser och erfarenheter under infernokrisen i Paris 1894-1896 (97). Materialet utgörs av Strindbergs egna så kallade självbiografiska verk Inferno, Legender och Klostret samt litteratur om Strindbergs infernokris och hans liv inklusive hans korrespondens. Metoderna vi använder är textanalys av Strindbergs litterära verk och komparativa studier av Strindbergs verk och korrespondens. Dessutom görs textstudier av material skrivet om honom. Vi tillämpar Hjalmar Sundéns rollteori för att få förståelse för de erfarenheter och upplevelser som Strindberg behandlar i sina självbiografiska verk, dramer och brev. Resultatet visar att Sundéns rollteori till viss del förklarar och bidrar med förståelse angående Strindbergs religiösa liv under infernokrisen. I vår tillämpning av rollteorin finner vi även svagheter angående bristen på visat hänsyn till Strindbergs personlighet, kreativitet och de religiösa upplevelsernas autenticitet eller om eventuella efterkonstruktioner finns. Därigenom får Sundéns teori ”mekaniska” och ensidiga egenskaper.

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23

Lasch, Alexander, and Béatrice Liebig. "schœne rede sunder zil: Erzählen beim Reiten in der deutschsprachigen Literatur des Mittelalters." De Gruyter, 2002. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75627.

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Von der großartigen Kultur des Erzählens im Mittelalter zeugen noch heute die höfischen Romane. Wenig aber weiß man von der Praxis des Erzählens: Wo, wann und zu welchen Anlässen wurde erzählt? Welche sozialen Funktionen erfüllte das Erzählen? Welche Regeln des Erzählens galten in den Vortragssituationen? ... Der Fokus dieses Beitrages richtet sich auf das 'Erzählen beim Reiten', das hinsichtlich seiner Bedingungen und Funktionalität zu analysieren sein wird. Ziel dieser Untersuchung ist es, Erkenntnisse über textimmanentes Erzählen zu gewinnen, die Aussagen über die erzähllogische und handlungslogische Funktionalität von Metadiegesen zulassen, und - perspektiviert auf noch zu schreibende synchron und diachron angelegte, vergleichende Analysen - ein mittelalterliches Verständnis vom 'Erzählens' (in Erzählungen) rekonstruieren zu können.

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24

Singanto, Nkosiyabo King. "A study of recruitment and selection policies with specific reference to the Sundays River Valley Municipality." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/141.

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In this dissertation, a study is undertaken of recruitment and selection policies with specific reference to the Sundays River Valley Municipality. The dissertation comprises of six chapters. The study is based on the assumptions that the Sundays River Valley Municipality does not have adequate recruitment and selection policies in place and that no clear division of duties has been made between councillors and officials with respect to the employment processes. Another assumption is that with better recruitment and selection policies in place, the Sundays River Valley Municipality will attract the best possible candidates for posts and better service delivery to communities. Further, this study is based on the assumption that in order for councillors and officials to be able to execute their duties effectively and efficiently and meet the requirements of the laws governing local government, they need to be knowledgeable and possess special skills and expertise. The primary objectives of the research included, inter alia, an investigation into theoretical processes of recruitment and selection policies with specific reference to the Sundays River Valley Municipality and motivation why the municipality needs to adopt formal guidelines to guide its recruitment and selection processes. This was followed by the constitutional and legislative measures affecting local government. The empirical survey and the research methodology are described as well as the interpretation of the research findings. This is followed by an explanation of the survey questionnaire used for the accumulation of data needed for the analysis. The research findings of the empirical survey were statistically analysed and reported. Finally, a number of conclusions are presented that were arrived at during the study, followed by specific recommendations. These are based on the findings of the empirical survey in order for Sundays River Valley Municipality councillors and officials to adopt formal guidelines to guide its recruitment and selection processes.

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25

Fredriksson, Jacob. "En femma i sundet klockan 12 : En uppgiftsanalys över navigering ombord på stridsbåt 90H." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-95619.

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För att navigera säkert i höga hastigheter inom försvarsmaktens Amfibieförbund har ny navigeringsmetodik utvecklats. Den här metodiken innebär att förare och navigatör får mer bestämda roller och ansvarsområden samt beskriver vilken information som ska för medlas mellan parterna. Studien som har utförts har skapat en Hierarkisk uppgiftsanalys för att beskriva uppgifterna ombord samt deras förhållanden på en grundläggande nivå. Data har samlats in ombord på Stridsbåt 90H med hjälp av kvalitativa datainsamling smetoder samt audiovisuella hjälpmedel har använts för att förenkla insamlingen. En systemsyn har även tillämpats över navigatören, föraren och båten. Uppgiftsanalysen beskriver fyra olika delmål samt deras deluppgifter inom navigering som bör utföras för säker och effektiv navigering i hög hastighet ombord på Stridsbåt 90H. Huvudresultatet visar att kommunikation och besättningens flexibilitet är viktiga aspekter för lyckad navigering. Även skillnader mellan metodik och praktiskt utförande har hittats i materialet.

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26

Clifford-Holmes, Jai Kumar. "Fire and water : a transdisciplinary investigation of water governance in the lower Sundays River Valley, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017870.

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The implementation of water policy and the integrated management of water face multiple challenges in South Africa (SA), despite the successes of post-apartheid government programmes in which some significant equity, sustainability and efficiency milestones have been met. This study uses a series of intervention processes into municipal water service delivery to explore the context, constraints, and real-world messiness in which local water authorities operate. The equitable provision of drinking water by local government and the collaborative management of untreated water by ‘water user associations’ are two sites of institutional conflict that have been subjected to broad ‘turnaround’ and ‘transformation’ attempts at the national level. This thesis seeks to explore and understand the use of transdisciplinary research in engaging local water authorities in a process of institutional change that increases the likelihood of equitable water supply in the Lower Sundays River Valley (LSRV). Fieldwork was conducted as part of a broader action research process involving the attempted ‘turnaround’ of the Sundays River Valley Municipality (SRVM) between 2011 and 2014. A multi-method research approach was employed, which drew on institutional, ethnographic, and systems analyses within an evolving, transdisciplinary methodology. In the single case study research design, qualitative and quantitative data were collected via participant observation, interviews and documentary sources. Analytical methods included system dynamics modelling and an adapted form of the ethnographic tool of ‘thick description’, which were linked in a governance analysis. Government interventions into the SRVM failed to take account of the systemic complexity of the municipal operating environment, the interactions of which are described in this study as the ‘modes of failure’ of local government. These modes included the perpetual ‘firefighting’ responses of municipal officials to crises, and the simultaneous underinvestment in, and over-extension of, water supply infrastructure, which is a rational approach to addressing current water shortages when funds are unavailable for maintenance, refurbishment, or the construction of new infrastructure. The over-burdening of municipalities with technocratic requirements, the presence of gaps in the institutional arrangements governing water supply in the LSRV, and the lack of coordination in government interventions are analysed in this study, with policy recommendations resulting. The primary contribution of this study is in providing a substantively-contextualised case study that illustrates the value of systemic, engaged, extended, and embedded transdisciplinary research.

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27

Mira, Kryhl, and Sara Meijer. "Sverige vs Danmark : En jämförelse av läsundervisningen i årskurs ett på båda sidor av sundet." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-9106.

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Uppsatsen är en komparativ studie om läsundervisningen i två klasser i Sverige och Danmark. Den danska läroplanen, Fælles Mål, 2009, har tydligare riktlinjer angående läsning, vilken vi har jämfört med den svenska läroplanen, Lgr11. Två rapporter om elevers läskunnighet sammanfattas i uppsatsen. Delar av rapporterna har lyfts då vi anser att dessa är betydelsefulla för elevers läsning. Till exempel har vi redogjort för betydelsen av olika läsmaterial och individuell läsning. Syftet med studien har varit att göra jämförelser i läsundervisningen och läroplanerna. För att kunna jämföra läsundervisningen beslutade vi oss för att genomföra observationer och därefter samtal med lärare i Sverige och Danmark. Resultatet är att läsundervisningen bedrivs i stort sett likartat på båda skolorna. Skillnaden vi sett kan likväl finnas mellan skolor i Sverige och vise versa i Danmark. Resultatet hade troligtvis sett annorlunda ut om urvalet varit större. Dock är läsundervisningen av största prioritet, oavsett om den bedrivs i Sverige eller Danmark. Som bisyfte har vi tagit reda på om det finns någon kännedom om rapporterna Northern Lights on PISA 2006 och PIRLS 2006. Kunskapen om rapporterna är vag hos båda lärarna i undersökningen.

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28

Saleemi, Sundus [Verfasser]. "Empowerment of Girls and Women in Rural Pakistan : Migration, Decision-making and Consciousness / Sundus Saleemi." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1224270304/34.

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29

Breckner, Miriam [Verfasser], and Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Sunde. "Climatic and geographic determinants of economic development / Miriam Breckner ; Betreuer: Uwe Sunde." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1179695062/34.

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30

Backhaus, Andreas [Verfasser], and Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Sunde. "Essays on development economics and economic history / Andreas Backhaus ; Betreuer: Uwe Sunde." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1159506876/34.

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31

Potgieter, Matthys Johannes. "Water, salt and nutrient budgets of the Swartkops and Sundays river estuaries using the loicz biogeochemical budgeting protocol." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/903.

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The Swartkops River and Sundays River Estuaries are different in terms of morphology and the level of human impact. Budget models of DIP and DIN were constructed for each estuary at different riverine flow rates, using the Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone (LOICZ) protocol. Nutrient dynamics in the estuaries were investigated using nutrient data and the results of the models. The Swartkops River Estuary acted as a sink of DIP and DIN, while being net heterotrophic. The Sundays River Estuary acted as a source of DIP and DIN, while being net autotrophic. Both systems were net denitrifying. The Swartkops River Estuary shows greater anthropogenic impacts in terms of nutrient loads than the Sundays River Estuary. A shift in nutrient concentration trends and system properties occurred between conditions of low and high riverine flow rates. The Swartkops River and Sundays River Estuaries were shown to be ‘outwellers’ of DIN and DIP, while having an important influence on the ratio of DIN:DIP exported to the adjacent ocean. Comparisons with other estuaries suggested that riverine flow into estuaries in the Eastern Cape region may display natural DIN:DIP ratios which are lower than the global average for “pristine” systems. Such ratios would be decreased further by increased water extraction for human activities.

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32

Connor, Teresa Kathleen. "Opportunity and constraint : historicity, hybridity and notions of cultural identity among farm workers in the Sundays River Valley." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008367.

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This thesis focuses on relationships of opportunity and constraint among farm workers in the Sundays River Valley (SRV), Eastern Cape Province. Relationships of 'constraint' include those experiences of displacement and forced removal and war, including forced removals by the apartheid state in 1960 and 1970. Relationships of 'opportunity' include the ways in which residents in the SRV have contested their experiences of upheaval and domination, and the formation of a regional sense of place and belonging/ investigate how farm workers actually draw elements of locality and identity from their experiences of upheaval, and how displacement bolsters feelings of belonging and place. Instead of viewing displacement as a once-off experience, this thesis investigates displacement in historical terms, as a long-term, 'serial' experience of human movement, which is continued in the present- specifically through the creation of the Greater Addo Elephant National Park. I concentrate on developing a spatialised and cultural notion of movemenUplacement. 'Place' is investigated as a term that refers to rather indeterminate feelings of nostalgia, memory and identity, which depend on a particular connection to territory (ie: 'space'). I emphasise that elements of place in the SRV are drawn from and expressed along dualistic lines, which juxtapose situations of opportunity and constraint. In this way, farm workers' sense of connection to farms and ancestral territory in the SRV depends on their experiences of stable residency and work on farms, as well as their memories of removal from land in the area. I emphasise that those elements of conservatism (expressed as 'tradition' and Redness) among Xhosa-speaking farm workers are indications of a certain hybridity of identity in the region, which depend on differentiation from other groups (such as so-called 'coloured' farm workers and 'white' farmers), as well as associations between these groups. This thesis lays emphasis upon those less visible and definable 'identities' in the Eastern Cape Province, specifically by shifting focus away from the exhomeland states of the Ciskei and Transkei, to more marginal expressions of identity and change (among farm workers) in the Province. I point out that labourers cannot solely be defined by their positions as farm workers, but by their place and sense of cultural belonging in the area. In this sense, I use the idea of work as a loaded concept that can comment on a range of cultural attitudes towards belonging and place, and which is firmly embedded in the private lives of labourers - beyond their simple socio-economic conditions of farm work. I use Bourdieu's conception of habitus and doxa to define work as a set of dispositions that have been historicised and internalised by workers to such an extent, that relationships of domination are sometimes inadvertently obscured through their apparent 'naturalness'. Moreover, I point out that work can be related to ritualised action in the SRV through the use of performance and practice-based anthropological theory. Both work and ritual are symbolic actions, and are sites of struggle within which workers express themselves dualistically. Rituals, specifically, are dramatic events that combine disharmonious and harmonious social processes - juxtaposing the powerlessness of workers (on farms), and the deep sense of belonging and place in the SRV. I argue that the deep historical connections in the SRV have largely been ignored by conservationists in the drive to establish new protected zones (such as the Greater Addo Elephant National Park), and that a new model of shared conservation management is needed for this Park.

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Madigele, Patricia Kefilwe. "The economics of institutions, institutional governance and efficiency: the case of water distribution in Lower Sundays River Valley." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/54777.

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The institutional dynamics, policies and legislation that were prevalent during the apartheid era have left imprints that are difficult to ignore as they still dictate the interaction between different elements in the water sector to date. During the apartheid era, the formulation of policies was informed by racial segregation, resulting in a socio-economic pattern that dictated the distribution and access of resources for the people of different races in the country. Post-apartheid, the National Water Act has established the basis for management of water resources on a catchment basis (for equity, efficiency and sustainability), and the Water Services Act aims to ensure everybody has access to basic water supply and sanitation services. Regardless of the improvements in water supply to the rural sector made by the South African government, many of the current patterns of water use are still characterised by inequality, inefficiency, and inadequacy. The poor remain marginalised, and emerging farmers and poor rural communities have limited access to water resources while water continues to be used inefficiently by some farmers in the agricultural sector with few incentives to improve its water use efficiency. Despite the existence of the thriving citrus industry in the area, around 60% of people in the Sundays River Valley Municipality (SRVM) live below the poverty datum line. The inequality between the municipal populace and the commercial citrus industry is noticeable and the inequitable water redistribution is prevalent in the Lower Sundays River Valley (LSRV). The problem of disrupted water supply is prevalent in the catchment. However, there is also currently no physical shortage of water in the catchment. Therefore, the currently experienced problems with water supply in the LSRV are consequence of a lack of effective institutions and infrastructure, not of physical water scarcity. It is argued in this paper that there is a notable lack of understanding about the design of institutions for water management in developing countries. The vast majority of research on water management and access is premised on neoclassical economics ideas related to water markets and pricing among others. The neoclassical economics approach, however, does not adequately define the role of institutions in shaping the direction of water access and supply. This study uses new institutional economics (NIE) arguments to define the institutional arrangements and dynamics defining the water sector in South Africa, using the Lower Sunday River Water Users Association (LSR-WUA) as the case study. It aims at analysing the institutional governance and performance of the using equity, efficiency and effectiveness as key indicators. The various research methods employed in this study include; interpretive and post-positivist paradigms, quantitative and qualitative research, the case study research method and in-depth key informant interviews. It is concluded that that the current and future decisions made by the LSR-WUA are not entirely independent of those made in the past under Sundays River Irrigation Board (SRIB). The thesis argues that such factors as old effective networks, vested interests of commercial farmers, sunk costs towards the building of canals, among other factors, may have influenced the dependence of the LSR-WUA on the SRIB’s set path. It is further concluded that the absence of contractual agreement between the LRS-WUA which acts as the bulk water supplier, and the SRVM which acts as both the water services authority (WSA) and the water service provider (WSP) creates an institutional arrangement deficiency. Such an institutional arrangement vacuum can lead to a failure of the water institutions in the catchment to provide water resources effectively. The study further argues that because the post-apartheid National Water Policy of South Africa is largely influenced by neoclassical economics foundations, the desired results in the water sector, such as equitable distribution of water resources, have not yet been fulfilled completely.

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34

Lechler, Marie [Verfasser], and Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Sunde. "Econometric analysis of political attitudes and economic development / Marie Lechler ; Betreuer: Uwe Sunde." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1168145880/34.

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Munro, Samantha Alanna. "A water footprint assessment of primary citrus production in the Lower Sundays River Valley Citrus Farms, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017558.

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With the current implementation of the South African National Water Act (NWA) underway, comprehensive tools to assist in the efficient, fair and sustainable management of water resources are needed. Water footprints (WFs) are increasingly being recognised as a meaningful way to represent human appropriation of water resources and provide a framework for assessing the sustainability of water use. The study calculated blue, green and grey WFs for the lower Sundays River Valley (LSRV) citrus sector across dry, humid and long-term average climates for a number of cultivars. The sustainability of both the LSRV and the production process of citrus were examined through the adoption of a number of environmental, social and economic indicators. The study revealed that there was no water scarcity in the area because of an inter-basin transfer and that water pollution levels attributed to citrus production required a more comprehensive indicator than the grey WF. Results showed that navels, despite being the dominant cultivar, had the highest WF and the lowest water productivity and technical efficiency. It also provided lower benefits of income and employment in terms of water use in comparison to other cultivars. Conversely, cultivars such as lemons, which required a greater amount of water and fertiliser, were the most productive cultivar with the lowest blue, green and grey WF. The study demonstrated the complexity of decisions regarding water management and the need to assess accurately the environmental, social and economic implications of strategies to increase efficiency of water. The importance of incorporating local data and verifying WFs was also illustrated. The analysis highlighted that WF assessments could be useful for the South African government and agricultural sectors to assist in future water management decisions and promote increased collaboration between stakeholders. The study found that the adoption of local benchmarks could be useful in aiding the promotion of more efficient water use and could factor in sensitive economic and social attributes. WFs in conjunction with other economic and social indicators could also be used to evaluate the sustainability of current and future allocations pertaining to the implementation of the NWA. It was however noted that this requires vast amounts of accurate data.

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36

Mofu, Lubabalo. "Biology and ecology of Glossogobius callidus (Smith 1937) in irrigation impoundments in the Sundays River Valley of the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1136.

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The River Goby Glossogobius callidus (Smith, 1937) is a native abundant fish in both freshwater and estuarine habitats in the Cape Fold Ecoregion, yet little information is available on its life-history. This study aims to contribute to knowledge on the age and growth, reproductive biology and the diet and feeding habits of G. callidus in irrigation impoundments. Glossogobius callidus was sampled monthly from August 2013 till March 2015; from the irrigation ponds in the Sundays River Valley, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. To determine sex, gonads were visually assessed under a dissecting microscope to confirm the sex based on the shape of the urogenital papillae. Fish were then dissected to confirm sex and gonads were categorised into five macroscopic stages which were histologically validated. Microscopic stages of gonadal development were discerned based on nuclear and cytoplasmic characteristics of the oocyte or sperm. Ovaries and sperms were assigned stages based on the most advanced type of oocyte present. In total 2054 fishes ranging in length from 21.1 mm to 137.2 mm TL were sampled. The sex ratio (1.1 males: 1 females) did not differ from unity (x2 = 0.027, df = 1, p = 0.87). Length at 50% maturity (Lm) was 70 mm TL females and 72 mm TL for males. Spawning season was mid-spring and mid-summer and mean ± S.D absolute fecundity was estimated at 1028.2 ± 131.7 ova/fish. Relative fecundity (number of vitellogenic oocytes per gram of eviscerated fish mass) were estimated at 50 ± 18 ova/fish gram. Otoliths from 560 fish were used for ageing. Growth zone deposition rate was validated using edge analysis. As a unimodal periodic regression model best described the temporal proportion of opaque zone deposition on the edge of otoliths over a one-year period, growth zone deposition rate was validated as annual. The oldest female fish was a 4-year old 84.4 mm TL fish and the oldest male was a 7-year old 100.5 mm TL fish. The length-at-age for the entire population of 560 G. callidus provided von Bertalanffy parameters of Lt = 92 (1 - e -0.58(t + 0.4)) mm TL for the entire population, Lt = 70 (1 - e -1.8 (t + 0.06)) mm TL for males and Lt = 65 (1 - e -1.8 (t + 0.05)) mm TL for females. Converting length at maturity to age at maturity demonstrated that G. callidus attained maturity at an age of 2-years. Growth performance described using the phi-prime index showed that G. callidus had lower growth performance compared to the invasive Neogobius melanostomus. Using age structure, natural mortality was estimated at 1.31 yr-1 using catch curve analysis. Diet of G. callidus comprised of ten taxonomic groups. Among these, aquatic invertebrates were the most diverse group but while relative contribution of the dietary components varied across all size classes and seasons, the key prey items were consistently found in all size classes. These were Diptera, Hemiptera, Trichoptera, Odonata, Cladocera, Copepoda, Hydracarina, Amphipoda, Crustacea, and Mollusca. While dietary differences were observed between the size classes and throughout the seasons, G. callidus can be regarded as a generalist feeder preying on an array of different species. Given its abundance and diet, I suggest that G. callidus contribute considerably to the invertebrate predation pressure in these artificial aquatic environments in an arid region. In summary, medium fecundity, fast growth, moderate maturity, and a generalist feeding behaviour demonstrate that G. callidus is an equilibrium life strategist. In comparison with other species, the life-history traits of G. callidus from irrigation impoundments resemble those of other freshwater goby species, some of which are global invaders.

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37

Söderberg, Sara. "Steamy, steady & sanctuary : The importance of crafting a shared sauna at Sunds Grustag." Thesis, Konstfack, Keramik & Glas, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-7717.

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38

Snyman, Susan. "Social optimality in land use: a comparative study of conservation and agriculture in the Sundays River Valley, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9246.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 170-177). This dissertation explores the direct and indirect costs of expanding the land area set aside for conservation in the Sunday’s River Valley of the Eastern Cape. While many parks have been located in zones of low commercial value, either deliberately, to cut opportunity cost conservation, or through historic accident, the Greater Addo Elephant National Park (GAENP) is looking to expand in an area with high agricultural potential. It is also an area with high levels of unemployment, extensive land degradation, and unique biological diversity. These factors make achieving a socially optimal use of land particularly pertinent. Data was collected from the Greater Addo Elephant National Park (GAENP), citrus farms and restoration projects in the area. The thesis tests the hypothesis that a combination of carbon farming (restoration) and eco-tourism provides an ecologically superior land use option, and estimates its opportunity costs in terms of the income, employment and multiplier effects of agriculture foregone.

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39

Kramer, Rachel. "Towards an alternative spatial-based management approach for estuarine fisheries in South Africa, with a case study from the Sundays Estuary." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1007.

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Estuaries are productive habitats and biologically important ecosystems which serve as juvenile nursery areas and feeding grounds for adults from a host of fish species. They are, however, threatened habitats, increasingly exposed to human disturbance and exploitation. The stocks of several South African estuary-dependent linefish species are now considered as either overexploited or collapsed. It is clear that their dependence on estuaries would warrant the inclusion of these ecosystems into marine reserve planning exercises. Since traditional management strategies (e.g. bag and size limit restrictions) have proven ineffective for estuarine fisheries, there is a need for alternative management measures, such as spatial and temporal restrictions, to ensure increased survival of juveniles and recovery of adult breeding populations. This thesis explored the potential for an ecosystem-based approach through the application of a rapid sustainability assessment technique, and a spatial-based management approach for an important fishery species, using conservation planning software. The Sundays Estuary, Eastern Cape, South Africa falls within the footprint of the Addo Elephant National Park, with a proposed expansion to include a marine protected area (MPA). However the estuaries resources were not considered during the planning of the proposed MPA. This study conducted an indicator-based sustainability assessment based on the principles of sustainable development. The results showed that present levels of exploitation, due to non-compliance and a lack of law enforcement are unsustainable. The sustainability of the Sundays Estuary had a low overall sustainability score of only 23.8%. With limited enforcement of estuarine fisheries regulations in South Africa, alternative management measures such as spatial regulations may provide a viable option forward. The sustainability of fishery resources depends on the comprehensive understanding of the fishery resource. Acoustic telemetry is a technique that has been widely adopted to infer habitat and area use patterns of fish species. The second component of this study made use of high resolution telemetry data collected on juvenile dusky kob Argyrosomus japonicus movements within the Sundays Estuary to conduct a scenario-based approach using Marxan conservation planning software. The best solution given by Marxan, in the form of a protected area for the conservation of juvenile A. japonicus in the Sundays Estuary was identified in the middle (starting 7km from the mouth) to the upper reaches (approximately 16km from the mouth) of the estuary, ultimately providing protection to tagged individuals for 61% of their time in the estuary. Although Marxan presented a best solution, the Sundays Estuary’s small size and shape, and minimal features used, was too simplistic to be included into a Marxan analysis. However, new methods and tools to analyse and plan spatial-based management options at this scale are currently being developed. Using the Sundays Estuary as a case study, a decision tree was then developed as a protocol to assist management address the challenges of effective estuarine management depending on the unique biological and socio-economic characteristics of individual estuaries in South Africa.

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40

Njikelana, Vuyo Mxolisi. "A critical assessment of the Eastern Cape Provincial Government intervention in dysfunctional municipalities : a case study of Sundays River Valley Local Municipality." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2403.

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The research seeks to assess the effectiveness of the provincial intervention in accordance with section 139 of the Constitution, 1996 in dysfunctional municipalities in the Eastern Cape as a viable instrument vis-à-vis the implementation of the continuous support in terms of section 154 of the same Constitution. Both sections are legislative obligations on the part of the national and provincial spheres of government. The two sections are legal instruments of monitoring and support and their implementation in municipalities by the then Department of Local Government and Traditional Affairs (now known as Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs) in the Eastern Cape is the focus of the study. However, the two instruments are not achieving their objectives as more municipalities continue remaining dysfunctional despite provincial interventions. The government set out a broad vision of developmental local government. This is essentially a vision that calls on municipalities to find means of confronting the legacy of underdevelopment and poverty in their local areas. Whereas section 154 seeks to ensure support and strengthen capacity of municipalities, section 139 presupposes intervention in areas where a municipality has failed to perform. The latter section is usually invoked when everything else has failed by way of the continuous support provided by section 154. The study examined critical aspects on the implementation of the two instruments by DLGTA, particularly at Sundays River Valley Local Municipality. It looked at the challenges that necessitate the provincial government to intervene in dysfunctional municipalities as well as at implementation challenges. It also looked at the impact of the provincial intervention and checked on the section that is likely to make an impact between the two. In so doing, the municipal functionaries; Mayor/Speaker, Section 56 Managers, departmental officials of DLGTA and stakeholders representing citizens of Sundays River Valley were interviewed. The results of the study reflect challenges in the implementation of the two instruments by the DLGTA and it would be advisable for the DLGTA to consider the findings and recommendations in an attempt to contribute in overcoming the section 139 challenges.

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41

Muller, Matthew Justin. "Linking institutional and ecological provisions for wastewater treatment discharge in a rural municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013048.

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The Green Drop Certification Programme, launched in 2008 alongside the Blue Drop Certification Programme, aims to provide the Department of Water Affairs with a national overview of how municipalities and their individual wastewater treatment works (WWTW) are complying with licence conditions set by the National Water Act (NWA) (No. 36 of 1998; DWAF 1998) and the Water Services Act (No. 108 of 1997; DWAF 1998). By publishing the results of each municipality’s performance, the programme aims to ensure continuous improvement in the wastewater treatment sector through public pressure. The programme has been identified by this project as a necessary linking tool between the NWA and the Water Services Act to ensure protection and sustainable use of South Africa’s natural water resources. It does this through assisting municipalities to improve their wastewater treatment operations which in theory will lead to discharged effluent that is compliant with discharge licence conditions. These discharge licences form part of the NWA’s enforcement tool of Source Directed Controls (SDC) which help a water resource meet the ecological goals set for it as part of Resource Directed Measures (RDM). The link between meeting the required SDC and achieving the RDM goals has never been empirically tested. This project aimed to determine the present ecological condition of the Uie River, a tributary of the Sundays River which the Sundays River Valley Municipality (SRVM) discharges its domestic effluent into. It then determined whether the SRVM’s WWTW was complying with the General Standard licence conditions and what the impact of the effluent on the river was through the analysis of monthly biomonitoring, water chemistry and habitat data. Lastly, the project examined the effectiveness of the Green Drop Certification Programme in bringing about change in the SRVM’s wastewater treatment sector, which previously achieved a Green Drop score of 5.6 percent. It wanted to examine the underlying assumption that a WWTW which improves its Green Drop score will be discharging a better quality effluent that will help a water resource meets the RDM goals set for it. The Kirkwood WWTW did not have a discharge licence at the time of assessment and was thus assessed under the General Standard licence conditions. It was found that the Kirkwood WWTW was not complying with the General Standard discharge licence conditions in the Uie River. This was having a negative impact on the river health, mainly through high concentrations of Total Inorganic Nitrogen (TIN-N), orthophosphate and turbidity. The SRVM should see an improvement in its Green Drop score for the Kirkwood WWTW. However, the municipality showed no implementation of necessary programmes. Implementation of these programmes would help the SRVM meet the General Standard licence conditions (part of SDC) which would help the Uie River meet the RDM goals set for it.

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42

Meyerheim, Gerrit [Verfasser], and Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Sunde. "Demography and economic development: the interaction between institutions and educational choices / Gerrit Meyerheim ; Betreuer: Uwe Sunde." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1169572391/34.

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43

Javed, Sundus [Verfasser], Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Gerhard, Klaus-Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Janßen, and Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Engelhardt. "Effect of Helicobacter gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase on epithelial cells / Sundus Javed. Gutachter: Klaus-Peter Janßen ; Stefan Engelhardt. Betreuer: Markus Gerhard." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1045945447/34.

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44

Sunde, Martina [Verfasser], and Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Schön. "Freizügigkeitsabkommen und Steuerrecht : Auslegung im Spannungsfeld von nationalem Recht, Unionsrecht und Völkerrecht / Martina Sunde ; Betreuer: Wolfgang Schön." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1154385957/34.

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45

Palzer, Lars [Verfasser], Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Kramer, Sundeep [Gutachter] Rangan, Massimo [Gutachter] Fornasier, and Gerhard [Gutachter] Kramer. "Rate-Distortion Analysis of Sparse Sources and Compressed Sensing with Scalar Quantization / Lars Palzer ; Gutachter: Sundeep Rangan, Massimo Fornasier, Gerhard Kramer ; Betreuer: Gerhard Kramer." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1201819903/34.

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46

Rückert, Ralph-Ingo [Verfasser], H. [Gutachter] Imig, and L. [Gutachter] Sunder-Plassmann. "Experimentelle und klinische Untersuchungen zur Optimierung der Hämodynamik in termino-lateralen Prothesenbypass-Anastomosen / Ralph-Ingo Rückert ; Gutachter: H. Imig, L. Sunder-Plassmann." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2001. http://d-nb.info/1207665797/34.

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47

Du, Plessis A. J. E. "The response of the two interrelated river components, geomorphology and riparian vegetation, to interbasin water transfers in the Orange-Fish-Sundays River Interbasin Transfer Scheme." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005526.

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The Skoenmakers River (located in the semi-arid Karoo region of the Eastern Cape) is being used as a transfer route for water transferred by the Orange-Fish-Sundays River Interbasin Transfer Scheme. The change in the hydrological regime of this once ephemeral stream to a much bigger perennial river led to dramatic changes to both the physical structure and riparian vegetation structure of the river system. These changes differ for each of the three river sections, the upper,middle and lower reaches. Qualitative, descriptive geomorphological data was gathered by means of field observations and this was then compared to the quantitative data collected by means of surveyed cross-sectional profiles at selected sites along the length of both the regulated Skoenmakers River and a nonregulated tributary of equivalent size, the Volkers River. Riparian vegetation data was gathered by means of plot sampling along belt transects at each site. A qualitative assessment of the vegetation conditions was also made at each site and then added to the quantitative data from the plot sampling. At each site the different morphological units were identified along the cross-section and changes in the vegetation and sediment composition were recorded. Aerial photographs were used as additional sources of data and observations made from these were compared to data gathered in the field. The pre-IBT channel in this river section was formed by low frequency flood flows but the hydrological regime has now been converted to base flows much higher than normal flood flows. Severe incision, erosion and degradation of both the channel bed and banks occurred. In the lower reaches, post-IBT base flows are lower than pre-IBT flood flows and, due to the increased catchment area, the impact of the IBT was better ‘absorbed’ by the river system. Aggradation and deposition increased for the regulated river in comparison to the non-regulated river due to more sediment introduced The IBT had the greatest impact in the upper reaches of the regulated river due to more sediment introduced at the top of the system.

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48

Heyns, Elodie R. "Spatial and temporal patterns in the hyperbenthic community structure in a permanently open Eastern Cape estuary, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005456.

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The spatial and temporal (seasonal and diel) patterns in the hyperbenthic community structure (>500 μm) was investigated in the warm temperate, permanently open Kariega Estuary situated along the south-eastern coastline of South Africa. Spatial and seasonal patterns in the hyperbenthic community structure were assessed monthly at six stations along the length of the estuary over a period of twelve months. Data were collected using a modified hyperbenthic sledge, comprising two super-imposed nets. Physico-chemical data indicate the presence of a constant reverse salinity gradient, with highest salinities measured in the upper reaches and lowest at the mouth of the estuary. Strong seasonal patterns in temperature, dissolved oxygen and total chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentrations were evident. Total average hyperbenthic densities ranged between 0.04 and 166 ind.m-3 in the lower net and between 0.12 and 225 ind.m-3 in the upper net. Hyperbenthic biomass values ranged between 0.02 and 11.9 mg.dry weight.m-3 in the lower net and between 0.02 and 17.4 mg.dry weight.m-3 in the upper net. A spatial and temporal pattern in total densities was detected with an increase in abundance over the period of September to October 2008 particularly in the middle reaches (Stations 3 and 4). Both the lower and upper nets were numerically dominated by decapods (mainly brachyuran crab zoeae) with the exception of June and July 2008 when mysids (mainly Mesopodopsis wooldridgei) dominated, making up 72.4 ± 58.14% of the total abundance in the lower net. A redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that 99.2% of the variance in the hyperbenthic community structure could be explained by the first two canonical axes. Axis one, which accounted for 96.8% of the total variation detected in the ordination plot was highly correlated with sedimentary organic content and to a lesser extent the chl-a concentration within the Kariega Estuary. The correlations with the second canonical axis (2.4%) were less obvious, however, salinity and seston concentration were weakly correlated with this axis. Diel variability in the hyperbenthic community structure was assessed during March 2009. Samples were collected during the day and night (n = 6 for each period) using sampling gear described above. Total average hyperbenthic densities during the day (497.9 ± 254.1 ind.m-3) were significantly higher than night-time estimates (129.9 ± 38.5 ind.m-3; p<0.05). There were no significant differences in the average dayand night-time estimates of hyperbenthic biomass (p>0.05). A hierarchical cluster analysis identified two significantly distinct groupings, designated the day and night samples. Results from the SIMPER procedure indicated that the high densities of crab zoeae recorded during the day-time accounted for the majority of the dissimilarity between the day and night groupings (44.7%). In addition, it is apparent that several benthic species, especially from the cumacean and isopod orders, were absent from the hyperbenthos during the day-time and emerged into the water column at night.

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49

Hållner, AnnaLena. "Sätt att räkna tiden : Analys av åldrande och minne i Sigrid Combüchens trilogi Värme, Korta och långa kapitel samt En simtur i sundet." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Samhälle, mångfald, Identitet (SMI), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-51875.

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Detta är en studie av åldrande och minne i Sigrid Combüchens trilogi Värme, Korta och långa kapitel samt En simtur i sundet. Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen är att visa hur skönlitteratur kan bidra till forskningen om åldrande, och hur litteraturanalys som metod kan utveckla det forskningsfält som i huvudsak har ägnat sig åt frågeställningar om åldrande utifrån ett skönlitterärt material, det vill säga litteraturgerontologi. Syftet är även att problematisera hur man gör litteraturstudier om åldrande och synliggöra antaganden om åldrande i skönlitteratur. Litteraturgerontologer har i stor utsträckning intresserat sig för två företeelser i skönlitteratur: det ena är gestaltningar av äldre huvudpersoner och det andra är gestaltningar av ett liv i olika faser, vilka ofta har analyserats som antingen en positiv eller en negativ utveckling. Forskningsinriktningen har drivits så långt att det finns anledning att fråga sig om det finns ett slags ”kronologisk mall” för gestaltningar av åldrande. Den kronologiska mallen gör sig gällande på tre olika sätt. För det första har huvudpersonens ålder fått stor betydelse för om en roman ska komma ifråga i en litteraturanalys om åldrande. För det andra ska romanens struktur ge illusionen av att huvudpersonen ser tillbaka på sitt liv för att erfarenheter av att åldras ska synliggöras. Och till sist, gestaltningen av huvudperson och tidsmönster ska följa en utvecklingsordning som leder fram till resultatet åldrande. Analysen av huvudpersonen i Sigrid Combüchens romaner visar att denne inte kan göras till föremål för en viss tidsmässig mall. Gestaltningarna av Göran Sager-Larsson syftar inte till att framställa en individ vars liv liknar en verklig människas, utan Göran Sager-Larsson är framför allt ett tidsexempel som återkommer i tre romaner. Gestaltningarna av Göran Sager-Larsson i trilogin synliggör olika samtider och tidsuppfattningar, bland andra åldrande och minne. Analysen av Göran Sager-Larsson visar att analyser av åldrande inte nödvändigtvis måste kopplas till en viss ålder eller en viss fas i livet, utan är något som kan analyseras i skönlitteratur med huvudpersoner i olika åldrar. This is a study of ageing and memory in Sigrid Combüchen’s trilogy Värme, Korta och långa kapitel and En simtur i sundet. The overarching aim of this dissertation is to show how the literary arts can contribute to the study of ageing, and how literary analysis as a method can contribute to the development of a field that primarily uses literary material to shed light on issues of ageing – that is to say, literary gerontology. A further aim is to problematize the process of literary study and make visible the assumptions about ageing that are present in literary works. The direction of the research has led to a point where it has become necessary to ask the question of whether there is a chronological pattern for the representation of ageing. This pattern is emergent in three ways: Firstly, the old age of the main character has become an important criterion for a novel to be considered for the study of ageing. Secondly, it is taken that the structure of the novel should present an illusion of reminiscence, in order to make the experience of ageing visible. Lastly, the representation of the main character and the presentation of time should appear cumulative and leads to a result we recognize as ageing. The analysis of the trilogy shows that the function of the main character, Göran Sager-Larsson, is a temporal one. The narration of Göran Sager-Larsson is not an attempt to imitate a flesh-and-blood individual. Rather, he is a temporal example, or to be precise, three such examples in the trilogy. As such, the different narrations of Göran Sager-Larsson make it possible for us to notice other understandings of time and the present, among others ageing and memory. Furthermore, the analysis of ageing need not be tied to specific ages or a specific life stage. The analysis of Göran Sager-Larsson shows that ageing in literature can be analyzed using protagonists of all ages.

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50

Chadzingwa, Karabo. "Historical perspectives and future directions for access to land, water and related ecosystem services in the Lower Sundays River Valley, South Africa: implications for human well being." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/442.

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The legacy of South Africa’s history has facilitated unequal access to land and water resources. In the Lower Sundays River Valley (LSRV), a predominantly commercial farming area, differential access to land and water has impacted aspects of ecosystem service access and human well‐being for disenfranchised families over time. Despite the social, political and economic reform efforts in the past two decades, severe inertia towards efforts attempting to increase equitable access to land and water has been experienced. As a result, communities have mobilized and claimed their land from the government through the land restitution process. Based on a mixed‐methods approach, this research explores the ways in which access to land and water over time has influenced current levels of human well‐being among disenfranchised families. Provisioning and cultural ecosystem services were identified as key areas of loss as a result of forced evictions from land. Freedom of choice was a central and cross‐cutting theme regarding the ability to change levels of human well‐being. Although the loss of ecosystem services associated with land and water had an impact on households, the ecosystem services which are regarded as fundamental to human well‐being do not seem to have been lost. The study recommends the wide use of freedom of choice as an indicator for well‐being in the LSRV, as well as a consideration of subjective, objective and psychological measures of well‐being with regards to natural resources and ecosystem services access. Key agents in fostering desirable pathways toward equity and sustainability in the LSRV are identified with stakeholders as private businesses; inclusive governance; empowered and skilled individuals, as well as NGOs.

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