Literatura académica sobre el tema "Suspension feeders"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte las listas temáticas de artículos, libros, tesis, actas de conferencias y otras fuentes académicas sobre el tema "Suspension feeders".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Suspension feeders"
1
Langdon, C. J., D. M. Levine y D. A. Jones. "Microparticulate feeds for marine suspension-feeders". Journal of Microencapsulation 2, n.º 1 (enero de 1985): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02652048509049572.
Texto completo
2
Ponciano, Luiza Corral Martins de Oliveira y Deusana Maria da Costa Machado. "Hábitos de vida da associação "Schuchertella" agassizi - Pthychopteria eschwegei, formação Maecuru, Devoniano, Bacia do Amazonas, Brasil". Anuário do Instituto de Geociências 30, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2007): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/2007_1_135-144.
Texto completoResumen
The fossils studied came from outcrops of the Maecuru and Curuá rivers, State of Pará, belonging to the upper strata of the Maecuru Formation, Eifelian age. In this formation, two associations of marine benthic invertebrate can be identified, each inferring a distinct paleoenvironment. The association analyzed occurs in medium and coarse sandstones and shows "Schuchertella" agassizi and Ptychopeteria eschwegei as predominant organisms. It was idnetified 12 species of brachiopods, 20 species of bivalves, 12 of trilobites, 8 of gastropods, 6 of bellerophonts, 3 of crinoids and 3 of tentaculitids in this association. Brachiopods are the most abundant organisms, responsible for approximately 50% of it, followed by tentaculitids and bivalves. Trilobites, gastropods and bellerophonts sum less than 10% of the aforementioned association. Crinoids were not included in the quantitative analysis because they are only found as calicinal plates and disarticulated column disks. The brachiopods showed, through their morphofunctional characteristics, suspension feeders recumbent (free-lying) epifaunal life habit or a pedicle attached mode of life. The bivalves showed a predominant suspension feeder semiinfaunal habit, attached by byssus threads to the substratum, and an infaunal mode of life. All the trilobites showed a predator/scavenger and vagile epifaunal habit. The epifaunal platyceratids represents the gastropods with low mobility (coprophagous/suspension feeders). The bellerophonts showed an epifaunal highly/medium mobility and grazing/predator habit. The tentaculitids having a semi-infaunal, suspension feeder habit. The suspension feeder forms (brachiopods, bivalves and tentaculitids) account for over 90% of the organisms, with the remaining percentage distributed among the predator/scavenger (trilobites), coprophagous/suspension feeders (gastropods), grazers/ predators (bellerophonts) and deposit feeders (rare bivalves). The predominance of suspension feeder forms corroborates the environment inferred for the association, since suspension feeders adapt more easily to rough waters and coarse sediments. The life habits showed adaptations concerning a shallow marine environment with agitated waters, well-oxygenated, normal salinity and moderate temperatures.
3
Koo, Bon Joo, Jaehwan Seo y Min Seong Jang. "The Relationship between Burrow Opening Dimensions and Biomass of Intertidal Macroinvertebrates by Feeding Mode (Surface Deposit Feeders vs. Suspension Feeders)". Animals 12, n.º 20 (21 de octubre de 2022): 2878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12202878.
Texto completoResumen
Biomass and abundance are fundamental parameters in ecology, conservation biology, and environmental impact assessment. Distinguishing features, such as burrow openings and feeding pellets, made by different intertidal macroinvertebrate species on the surface are used as proxies to establish the abundance of intertidal macroinvertebrates. This study investigated the feasibility of estimating biomass from the burrow opening dimensions as a proxy. We analyzed the relationship between the burrow opening dimensions and body weights of intertidal macroinvertebrates and compared surface deposit feeders with suspension feeders. Regression analysis evaluated the relationship between burrow opening diameter, body size, and biomass. The diameters of surface deposit feeder burrow openings were significantly related to biomass, but this was not the case for suspension feeders. Our results indicate that burrow opening dimensions can be used as a proxy to estimate the biomass of surface deposit feeders. However, additional studies are needed to clarify further the relationship between the burrow opening diameter and biomass of the suspension feeders. This is a preliminary study to spatially quantify the biomass of intertidal macroinvertebrates by extracting the dimension of burrow openings from drone images through object detection tools.
4
Dame, Richard F., David Wildish y David Kristmanson. "Benthic Suspension Feeders and Flow". Estuaries 21, n.º 3 (septiembre de 1998): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1352847.
Texto completo
5
Mukhin, Viktor Alekseevich, Evgeny Evgenievich Demin, Pavel Ivanovich Pavlov, Saidmurod Sankovich Nazarov y Andrey Anatolyevich Zhizdyuk. "Calculation the pneumatic conveyor of pneumatic-mechanical installation for clean-ing feeders from feed residues". Agrarian Scientific Journal, n.º 6 (19 de junio de 2020): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2020i6pp116-121.
Texto completoResumen
The article proposes a method for calculating the parameters of a pneumatic conveyor for cleaning and disinfecting feeders of cattle farms, which allows one to completely clean the adopted form of the feeder and remove waste to the trailer body, in addition, it allows you to destroy microtoxins from feeders. This determined the required capacity of the pneumatic actuator, the air flow conveyor, the diameter of the pipe conveyor, power to drive the fan installation, the estimated performance of the brush cleaner feeders and made choice of the mode of operation of the brushes and the location of the suspension point of the roller regulator visor.
6
Signor, Philip W. y Geerat J. Vermeij. "The plankton and the benthos: origins and early history of an evolving relationship". Paleobiology 20, n.º 3 (1994): 297–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300012793.
Texto completoResumen
Modern marine plankton communities include a broad diversity of metazoans that are suspension-feeding or micropredatory as adults. Many benthic marine species have larval stages that reside, and often feed, in the plankton for brief to very long periods of time, and most marine benthic communities include large numbers of suspension-feeders. This has not always been the case. Cambrian benthic communities included relatively few suspension-feeders. Similarly, there were few metazoan clades represented in the plankton, either as adult suspension-feeders or as larvae. Review of the fossil record suggests that the diversification of the plankton and suspension-feeding marine animals began in the Late Cambrian and continued into the Ordovician. These changes were accompanied by, and probably influenced, concurrent major changes in the marine realm, including an increase in tiering within benthic communities, the replacement of the Cambrian fauna by the Paleozoic fauna, and a general taxonomic diversification. The ultimate cause of these changes is uncertain, but it appears likely that the plankton was and is a refuge from predation and bioturbation for adults and larvae alike. The expansion in plankton biomass thus provided increased ecological opportunities for suspension-feeders in the plankton and benthos.
7
Allmon, Warren D., Douglas H. Erwin, Robert M. Linsley y Paul J. Morris. "Trophic level & evolution in Paleozoic gastropods". Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200005633.
Texto completoResumen
Although trophic position or level is one of the most basic aspects of a benthic marine species' ecology, its evolutionary significance remains obscure. Gastropods offer a suitable model for examining the relationship between trophic level and evolution since they exhibit a wide variety of trophic strategies and their mode of life is often reflected in their shell form. We examined 196 genera of Paleozoic gastropods (≈ 1/3 of known genera) for which first appearance and last appearance could be specified to stage level and for which trophic strategy could be inferred with a reasonable degree of confidence. We classified these genera into four trophic categories on the basis of shell characters relating to locomotion and clamping. These trophic categories are: Suspension feeders, Grazers on firm substrata, Soft substrate Grazers/Detritivores, and Carnivores. Suspension feeders are the most unambiguously recognizable category, marked by clear indicators of a sessile mode of life such as a radial apertures and planispiral shell forms. Our central observation from these data is that suspension feeders have shorter generic longevities than the other three trophic groups. This pattern is robust to a variety of methods of analysis. The mean generic longevity of the suspension feeders is 15 MY less than the other trophic categories. Cumulative frequency of genera within trophic categories versus log duration shows suspension feeders to be statisticaly significantly shorter lived than the other three trophic categories. The other three categories are not distinguishable. This pattern is unchanged by the removal of taxa dying out at mass extinctions. Suspension feeders have lower origination rates and higher extinction rates than the other trophic classes. This is not a taxonomic artifact produced by ornamentation and the number of characters available. This background pattern is also present in the end Ordovician and Late Devonian mass extinctions. Suspension feeders loose about half their genera in these extinctions, the two classes of grazers loose about 1/3 of their genera, and the carnivores suffer almost no extinctions. Suspension feeding appears to carry a significant evolutionary detriment in both mass extinctions and background times. This may be reflected in the change in trophic distribution of gastropods from the Ordovician to the Recent. The end Permian extinction shows a different pattern of selectivity; detritivores suffer the least.
8
Koch, CW, LW Cooper, JM Grebmeier, K. Frey y TA Brown. "Ice algae resource utilization by benthic macro- and megafaunal communities on the Pacific Arctic shelf determined through lipid biomarker analysis". Marine Ecology Progress Series 651 (1 de octubre de 2020): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13476.
Texto completoResumen
We studied ice algae utilization by benthic fauna from the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas using highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) biomarkers. We assessed whether various food acquisition strategies influence the observed HBI signatures. The proportion of phytoplankton to ice algae-sourced HBIs was determined through the H-Print approach that is presumed to reflect the percentage of sea ice organic carbon (iPOC) incorporated into tissues, relative to phytoplankton organic carbon. Cluster analysis separated 3 groups based on location and feeding strategy that were significantly influenced by annual sea ice persistence. Ice algae utilization was most significant in the northeast Chukchi Sea, where seasonal sea ice was present the longest. General feeding strategy was determined to be a significant factor in the degree of ice algae utilization. Predominant deposit feeders (both surface and subsurface) used more ice algae relative to suspension feeders. Organic carbon incorporated by predominant suspension feeders was primarily phytoplankton-based. The vast majority of all organisms sampled (~90%) incorporated a measurable quantity of iPOC. Sipunculids and brittle stars had the highest relative dependence on ice algae, while other taxa displayed plastic dietary responses, including the suspension/surface deposit feeder Macoma calcarea. This study indicates that ice algae are widely utilized in Pacific Arctic benthic food webs, but most benthic organisms displayed flexibility in consuming the available food sources. The elevated utilization of ice algae by deposit feeders may prove to be a disadvantage for these organisms if they cannot adapt to the ongoing decline of iPOC as seasonal sea ice declines.
9
Rhoads, Donald C. y David K. Young. "The influence of deposit-feeding organisms on sediment stability and community trophic structure". Journal of Marine Research 78, n.º 3 (1 de julio de 2020): 169–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1357/002224020834162167.
Texto completoResumen
Deposit-feeding and suspension-feeding benthos in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, show marked spatial separation; suspension feeders are largely confined to sandy or firm mud bottoms while deposit feeders attain high densities on soft muddy substrata. Food source and bottom stability have been investigated as potential factors effecting this trophic-group separation. Between October 4, 1967 and August 22, 1969, observations were made at 11 stations in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, along two widely separated transects over bottoms ranging in texture from silt to fine and medium sand. Water depths at these stations ranged from 3 m to 20 m. Scuba divers made many of the field observations and collected most of the samples. This study included sampling of benthic macrofauna, taking bottom photographs, analyzing sedimentary structures, texture, organic content and water content of the sediments, and measuring both water currents and suspended sediment above the bottom. Laboratory experiments were also carried out to determine differential resuspension between burrowed and unburrowed muds. Intensive reworking of the upper few centimeters of a mud bottom by deposit feeders produces a fluid fecal-rich surface that is easily resuspended by low-velocity tidal currents. We suggest that the physical instability of this fecal surface tends to: (i) clog the filtering structures of suspension-feeding organisms, (ii) bury newly settled larvae or discourage the settling of suspension-feeding larvae, and (iii) prevent sessile epifauna from attaching to an unstable mud bottom. Thus suspension feeders are unable to successfully populate all areas of the bottom where a suspended food source is available, especially in areas where mud bottoms are intensively reworked by deposit feeders. Modification of the benthic environment by deposit feeders, resulting in the exclusion of many suspension feeders and sessile epifauna, is an example of trophic group amensalism. This biotic relationship appears to be important in shaping trophic-group distributions in embayments and basins on continental shelves.
10
STOECKER, DIANE K. "Are Marine Planktonic Ciliates Suspension-Feeders?1,2". Journal of Protozoology 35, n.º 2 (mayo de 1988): 252–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1988.tb04337.x.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Suspension feeders"
1
Coppari, Martina. "The importance of benthic suspension feeders in the biogeochemical cycles: active and passive suspension feeders in a coralligenous community". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/305111.
Texto completoResumen
Hoy en día, el papel primordial jugado por los suspensívoros bentónicos en los ciclos biogeoquímicos y especialmente en la transferencia de materia y energía desde la columna de agua al bentos está más claro. Tales roles son diferentes, dependiendo de las estrategias de alimentación, las tasas de filtración y la abundancia de suspensívoros. Según sus estrategias de alimentación, los suspensívoros bentónicos se clasifican en dos grupos: suspensívoros activos y pasivos. La primera categoría incluye todos aquellos organismos que activamente bombean agua a través de un sistema de filtración que separa las partículas nutritivas del agua (el sistema de filtración es diferente entre especies); la última categoría, incluye a todos los organismos que dependen completamente de las corrientes para la provisión de alimento.
Existen muchos estudios centrados en la caracterización de los hábitos alimenticios, en la eficiencia de filtración y en la importancia del acoplamiento bento-pelágico en suspensívoros tanto activos como pasivos. Algunos de estos trabajos previos llevaron a cabo experimentos in situ que fueron particularmente útiles para entender hábitos alimenticios en condiciones naturales así como su variación estacional. Contrariamente, debido a la posibilidad de controlar las variables que influyen en el proceso experimental, los experimentos llevados a cabo en condiciones de laboratorio o mesocosmos son más precisos pero al mismo tiempo, con una menor interferencia con los sistemas naturales. Hay una falta general de información sobre la distribución a amplia escala de la fauna bentónica y los estudios previos acerca del impacto que los suspensívoros bentónicos tienen en el acoplamiento pelágico, normalmente se centran en pequeñas áreas.
El Vehículo de Operación Remota (ROV) permite explorar extensas y profundas áreas sin impacto en las comunidades bentónicas, por ello es la herramienta perfecta para llevar a cabo muestreos extensos y estudiar tanto el tamaño como las distribuciones espaciales y batimétricas de especies bentónicas.
La combinación de datos procedentes de ROV con datos de experimentos de alimentación permite estimar el impacto de los suspensívoros bentónicos sobre los procesos de acoplamiento bento-pelágico en áreas extensas.
En esta tesis, se han estudiado el tamaño y la distribución tanto batimétrica como espacial de tres suspensívoros bentónicos activos y tres pasivos, así como el papel que estas especies tienen en los procesos del acoplamiento bento-pelágico y como sumidero de Carbono (C) en la región del Cap de Creus (NO del Mar Mediterráneo). Como especies de suspensívoros activos, se seleccionaron para este estudio una ascidia (Halocynthia papillosa) y dos species de esponjas (Aplysina aerophoba y Axinella polypoides), mientras que tres especies de gorgonias (Paramuricea clavata, Eunicella singularis y Corallium rubrum) fueron seleccionadas como suspensívoros pasivos. Los suspensívoros bentónicos de este experimento son especies longevas de las cuales, en particular, las gorgonias pueden alcanzar los 100 años de edad, lo que permite que puedan acumular grandes cantidades de C y almacenarlo como biomasa.
Todas estas especies son comunes en las comunidades del coralígeno y precoralígeno Mediterráneo y su abundancia, especialmente las gorgonias, puede ser extremadamente alta. Las gorgonias son organismos arborescentes que crean, especialmente a altas densidades, un complejo ambiente tridimensional (conocido como bosque animal) en el que otros organismos pueden encontrar refugio, alimento y un lugar seguro en el que reproducirse. En consecuencia, la conservación de este bosque animal ayuda a mantener altos niveles de biodiversidad, un hecho que debe ser considerado en las decisiones sobre la gestión de estos hábitats.Nowadays, the paramount role played by benthic suspension feeders in the biogeochemical cycles and especially in the transfer of energy and matter from the water column to the benthos is more clear. Such roles are different, depending on the feeding strategies, the filtration rates and the abundances of these filter feeders. Based on the feeding strategies, benthic suspension feeders are classified in two groups: active and passive suspension feeders. The former category includes all the organisms that actively pump water through a filter system which separate the food particles from the water (the filtration system differs among species); the latter category includes all the organisms that completely depend on the water currents for the provision of food. Many studies already focused on the characterization of the feeding habits, on the filtration efficiency and in the importance in the benthic-pelagic coupling of both active and passive suspension feeders. Some of these previous works performed in situ experiments, which are particularly useful to understand feeding habits in natural conditions and their seasonal variation. Contrarily, laboratories or mesocosm experiments allow for more precision, due to the possibility of controlling every variable influencing the experiment, but at the same time with less possibility of inference on natural systems. There is a general lack of information about the broad scale distribution of benthic fauna and the previous studies about the impact of suspension feeders on the benthic-pelagic coupling process normally focus on small patches. Remotely Operate Vehicle (ROV) allows exploring extended and deep areas with no impact for the benthic communities, thus it is the perfect tool to perform extensive sampling in order to study the size, spatial and bathymetrical distribution of benthic species. The combination of ROV data with data of feeding experiments allows estimating the impact on the benthic-pelagic coupling process played by suspension feeders in extended area. In this thesis, the size and both spatial and bathymetrical distribution of three active and three passive suspension feeders were studied together with the role played by these species in the benthic-pelagic coupling processes and as carbon (C) sinks in the Cap de Creus region (NW Mediterranean sea). As active suspension feeders, one ascidian (Halocynthia papillosa) and two sponge species (Aplysina aerophoba and Axinella polypoides) were selected for this study, whereas, as passive suspension feeders, three gorgonians species (Paramuricea clavata, Eunicella singularis and Corallium rubrum) were chosen. The benthic suspension feeders considered in this thesis are long-lived species, and, in particular gorgonians, could also reach 100 years of life span, fact that permit the accumulation of high amount of C, stored as biomass. All these species are commonly founded in pre-coralligenous and coralligenous Mediterranean communities and especially gorgonians could reach extremely high abundances. Gorgonians are arborescent organisms that create, especially when they reach really high densities, a complex tridimensional environment (known as animal forests) in which other organisms, might find shelter, food and a safe site for reproduction. Consequently, preserving the animal forests help to maintain high levels of associated biodiversity, fact that need to be considered in management decisions.
2
Richoux, Nicole Bertine, Ilke Vermeulen y Pierre William Froneman. "Stable isotope ratios indicate differential omnivory among syntopic rocky shore suspension-feeders". Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68261.
Texto completoResumen
Publisher versionWe utilised stable isotope ratios to assess differences in diet among three indigenous and syntopic rocky shore suspension-feeders (mussels Perna perna, barnacles Tetraclita serrata, and polychaetes Gunnarea gaimardi). We also determined the spatial and temporal variability in the suspension-feeder diets by collecting specimens on two occasions from two regions adjacent to hydrologically distinct river mouths (i.e. one with larger annual freshwater throughput than the other). The results showed that the isotopic niches (used as proxies for trophic niches) of the three species did not overlap and that the barnacles occupied a trophic position (3.4) well above those of the mussels (2) and polychaetes (2.6). We ascribed the interspecific differences primarily to the disparate feeding mechanisms used by the species. Large-scale regional (~50 km) differences in suspension-feeder diets were apparent, but not small-scale (up to a few km north and south of each estuary mouth). The regional differences in diet resulted from the increased availability of estuarine-origin suspended particulate matter (SPM) and zooplankton in the region adjacent to the river with relatively larger freshwater output, although overall incorporation of zooplankton versus mixed SPM into consumer diets was relatively consistent between regions and through time. Temporal shifts in suspension-feeder diets were apparent from stable carbon isotope ratios in the consumers. Our results showcase the measurable effects of regional-scale processes that can alter the food sources for dominant primary consumers in the rocky intertidal, thus potentially affecting entire food webs through bottom-up processes. The clear evidence for trophic niche partitioning offers valuable insights into how potentially strong competitors can coexist.
3
Orav-Kotta, Helen. "Habitat choice and feeding activity of benthic suspension feeders and mesograzers in the northern Baltic Sea /". Tartu, Estonia : Tartu University Press, 2004. http://dspace.utlib.ee/dspace/bitstream/10062/489/5/Kotta.pdf.
Texto completo
4
Bouvais, Pierre. "Influence of increased sediment exposure on suspension-feeder assemblages in a temperate seagrass meadow". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2016. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1814.
Texto completoResumen
The impact of increased sediment exposure on coastal marine ecosystems is one of the most important contemporary environmental issues. Sediment exposure is defined as the concentrations of sediment particles suspended in the water column and the amount of sediment depositing on the seabed. In addition to natural events, such as land erosion, rainfall, and tidal currents, anthropogenic activities such as land use, road building, logging, mining, port maintenance and dredging, contribute to the discharge of a great amount of sediment in the water column. As sessile suspension-feeder assemblages play a critical role in marine ecosystems through their active transfers of organic and inorganic between the water column and the seabed (i.e. benthic-pelagic coupling), increased sediment exposure generated by anthropogenic activities may negatively impact these organisms. This study set out to evaluate the influence of increased sediment exposure on suspension-feeder assemblages in a temperate seagrass habitat. Most of the research was conducted within Posidonia sinuosa meadows near Woodman Point (32◦7’S, 115◦44’E), south of Fremantle, Western Australia. At this location, persistent sediment plumes from a cement manufacturer’s wash plant provided an opportunity to study the mechanisms through which increased sediment exposure can affect suspension feeder assemblages. This study was examining: the relationship between sediment exposure and suspension feeder assemblage composition; the influence of increased sediment exposure on the contribution of potential food sources to suspension feeder diets; and the influence of sediment exposure on suspension-feeding mechanisms (filtration and retention rates) and strategies (food particle selection).
The descriptive work, presented in Chapter 1, revealed a strong gradient in sediment exposure with decreasing sediment deposition with distance from the wash plant. There was little dissimilarity, in term of species diversity and biomass, among suspension-feeder assemblages under high sediment exposure and those experiencing natural sedimentation regimes. These findings indicated that the suspension-feeder assemblages at the study site were resistant to high sediment exposure and that some species could potentially display compensatory mechanisms. Thus, the degree to which increased sediment exposure influences suspension feeders was more likely to be species specific and depend on the resilience of their feeding mechanisms and strategies. Those findings underlined the need to test the causal parameters underlying responses to suspension-feeding activity and selectivity due to increased sediment exposure.
Results presented in Chapter 2 indicated that the three most conspicuous suspension feeder in term of biomass and abundances presented distinct isotopic signatures, implying dissimilarities in their diets. Differences in δ13C and δ15N can be explained by consumption of different types of picoplanktonic particles and the degree to which sedimentary organic matter contributed to their diets. Increased sediment exposure had no influence on the natural diets of the ascidian Herdmania momus and the bivalve Pinna bicolor. For the sponge Tethya sp, the contribution of sedimentary organic matter to its diet increased at sites with high sediment exposure, suggesting a potential benefit to its diet. Overall, the influence of sediment exposure on suspension feeder diets was species specific and dependent on the nature (e.g. organically rich versus organically depleted) and concentrations of the sediment.
In Chapter 3 data are presented to show that feeding mechanisms and strategies of three species of suspension feeders best representing the benthic assemblages were influenced by sediment exposure. Under high sediment exposure, the ascidian Herdmania momus had lower pumping rates, but maintained a relatively constant food retention rate, and optimised its food intake by expanding its food sources from mainly cyanobacteria (Synechococcus) to a wider range of food sources. The bivalve Pinna bicolor also had lower filtration activity with high sediment exposure, again, maintaining relatively constant total retention rates and displaying a change in particle selection from bacteria and Synechococcus to larger picoeukaryotic cells of higher carbon content. The sponge Tethya sp. appeared to benefit from elevated sediment concentrations, as filtration and retention rates increased, potentially related to a lack of food selectivity.
In Chapter 4, a short-term laboratory experiment was combined with a field transplant experiment to investigate the response of suspension feeders to increased sediment exposure. Under elevated sediment exposure, Herdmania momus and Pinna bicolor modulated their particle selection to optimise food intake, while the non-selective suspension feeder Tethya sp increased its particle retention rate and efficiency. Both the laboratory and transplant experiment findings corroborated observations made in Chapters 1 and 2; compensatory adaptations associated with the feeding activity, such as the modulation of pumping rates and the optimisation of food intake by particle selection, help to explain the potential resistance of suspension feeder community structure to high sediment exposure. A major outcome of this research is that it informs shallow coastal ecosystems stakeholders of the possible consequences of anthropogenic activities that increase sediment exposure, particularly those in the order of TSS at 40 mg·l-1 and deposition rates in the order of 10 g·cm- 2·month-1. Despite this magnitude of sediment exposure had little influence on suspension feeder assemblage composition, the effects on the suspension-feeding function, including the increase of the filtration activity and transfers of carbon to the benthos, potentially influence benthicpelagic coupling and other ecosystem-scale processes. Given the variation in sensitivity to sediment exposure among suspension feeder species, meaningful criteria to limit the effects of anthropogenic sediment loading on shallow coastal ecosystems should take into account the whole species assemblage present at any given site.
5
Ndhlovu, Rachel Tintswalo. "Temporal variability in the fatty acid composition of suspension-feeders and grazers on a South African rocky shore". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020879.
Texto completoResumen
Numerous ecological studies have used lipids to determine trophic pathways in aquatic systems, as fatty acid profiles provide time-integrated information on an organism’s assimilated diet. Many of these studies have, however, been based on sample collections with a limited temporal scale. The trophic ecology of pelagic systems has been studied intensively using fatty acid analyses, but very little work has been directed toward benthic communities, with the intertidal being especially neglected. The investigation of trophic pathways within rocky shore communities will help us to better understand system responses to environmental changes. The determination of long term temporal variation of the food web within a community could reveal the type, magnitude, duration and frequency of highly seasonal productivity. Changes in fatty acid profiles through time in primary consumers of intertidal rocky shores are poorly understood, but represent an important step towards a more comprehensive understanding of rocky shore food webs, compared with those derived from snapshot or short-term studies. The aim of this thesis was to clarify the temporal variability in the diets of rocky shore intertidal suspension-feeders (the brown mussels Perna perna and the Cape reef worm, Gunnarea gaimardi) and grazers (the Cape sea urchin Parencinus angulosus and the Goat-eye limpet, Cymbulus oculus) on the south east coast of South Africa using fatty acid profiles, and to investigate the effects of life style (e.g. feeding mode) and life cycle on temporal variations in tissue fatty acid profiles. I had three hypotheses: firstly, that suspension-feeders experience high levels of variability in their diets through time because water quality has the potential to change quickly and drastically, whereas grazers experience less variability in their diets over time since their food sources are more constant. Secondly, the reproductive cycles of the suspension-feeder P. perna and the grazer P. angulosus affect the fatty acid composition of their gonads, with temporal variations in lipid composition reflecting changes in reproduction investment. Thirdly, the total amount of energetic reserves available for reproduction are different for each gender (females allocate more energy to egg production than males allocate to gamete production). To address these aims, fatty acid profiles of suspension-feeders and grazers were investigated over a period of twelve months (from July 2010 to June 2011) at a single site on the south east coast of South Africa. The results showed high variability in the fatty acid composition of both the suspension-feeders strongly related with changes in their food source (suspended particulate material). Furthermore, similar temporal changes in fatty acid profiles of the two suspension-feeders were observed over time, reflecting their common diet and life style. There were some inter-specific differences in the suspension-feeders, likely originating from differences in their particle capturing mechanisms. Grazers showed less variability through time compared with the suspension-feeders, with the limpets being more consistent than the sea urchins. The temporal variability in the sea urchin diets may have resulted from the highly diverse and heterogeneous food sources available to them, whereas limpets may be more selective and have a limited range of diet items. Differences between the two grazer species may have arose from differences in their feeding strategies and intertidal zonation. The fatty acid compositions of gonad tissues in both P. perna and P. angulosus showed temporal variability strongly related to reproductive cycle. Differences in the fatty acid values between females and males were apparent, with females richer in total and polyunsaturated fatty acids than males. Spawning and gametogenesis influenced the variability of fatty acids through time in both species, suggesting the importance of considering the reproductive cycle when studying lipids in rocky shore species. Little evidence of lipid transfer between muscles and gonads was seen, suggesting the importance of direct lipid storage into the reproductive tissues. The influence of diet and life history of intertidal consumers on the temporal variability of their fatty acid compositions is important to understand, as it provides us with a better understanding of the functioning of rocky shore systems. There is an enormous potential for future research in this field of study.
6
Vermeulen, Ilke. "Feeding dynamics of suspension-feeders in the nearshore marine environment adjacent to two contrasting estuaries in the Eastern Cape, South Africa". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016242.
Texto completoResumen
Coastal transition zones form important interlinking regions where marine ecosystems, rivers and estuarine environments significantly influence each other. Coastal rocky shores are key habitats that sustain a variety of primary producers and invertebrates and due to the dynamic nature of coastal ecosystems, suspension-feeders on rocky shores can be influenced by an array of autochthonous and allochthonous food sources. Fatty acid and stable isotope trophic markers were employed to distinguish between regional and temporal changes in the potential food sources to rocky shore suspension-feeders in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The primary aim was to assess the spatial and temporal influences of contrasting river flows on the available food sources to three indigenous coastal suspensionfeeders, namely the volcano barnacle Tetraclita serrata, brown mussel Perna perna and tubebuilding polychaete Gunnarea capensis. This was done by examining the intra- and interspecific changes in the fatty acid and stable isotope signatures of the barnacles, mussels and polychaetes in the adjacent marine environment of a freshwater-restricted (Kariega) and freshwater-dominated (Great Fish) estuary during austral summer and winter. Multivariate and Kruskal-Wallis analyses of variance on the fatty acid and isotopic signatures, respectively, identified significant regional changes in the barnacles and mussels, while only stable isotopes distinguished between the Kariega and Great Fish polychaetes (P < 0.05). In addition, significant temporal changes were observed in consumer fatty acids and isotope values in both regions (P < 0.05). Bacterial sources, detritus and phytoplankton assemblages, which are influenced by hydrology and vegetation, differed between regions and were mainly responsible for the regional and temporal separations. Principal component analyses on the consumer fatty acid signatures distinguished between animals situated upstream (i.e. north) and downstream (i.e. south) of the Kariega Estuary mouth in summer. The north/south separation was mainly due to greater contributions of diatoms to northernlocated animals and dinoflagellates and detritus to southern-located consumers. In addition, the south-flowing Agulhas Current on the eastern shores of southern Africa appeared to influence the north/south separation in the Kariega region, as water leaving the estuary was probably entrained into the south-easterly flowing currents, thereby depositing estuarinederived detritus to southern populations. In general, diatoms and detritus were essential food sources to the filter-feeders in summer, and flagellates, diatoms, zooplankton and detritus were important in winter. Coastal macroalgae was a key food source in the Kariega and Great Fish regions during both seasons. Consistently large levels of diatom markers (16:1n-7 and 20:5n-3) and dinoflagellate markers (22:6n-3) in consumer tissues in the Kariega and Great Fish regions identified that phytoplankton was their dominant food source. The barnacles, mussels and polychaetes had similar fatty acid markers and a fairly narrow δ¹³C range (-16.5 to -14.4 ‰), suggesting that they probably consumed similar food. Carbon isotope analyses, however, separated the suspension-feeders into slightly depleted (barnacles; -16.5 to -16.1 ‰), intermediate (mussels; -15.8 to -15.0 ‰) and enriched (polychaetes; -15.0 to -14.4 ‰) consumers, but did not provide conclusive evidence of their preferences for specific phytoplankton. Conversely, fatty acid analyses highlighted that barnacles and mussels had greater proportions of dinoflagellate markers (22:6n-3; 7.0-15.3 % TFA), while polychaetes had larger diatom levels (20:5n-3; 15.1-22.2 % TFA). In addition, all three species had consistently large contributions from bacterial fatty acids (15:0, i-16:0, 17:0 and i-18:0; 4.2-13.6 % TFA) in summer and winter, and large proportions of saturated fatty acids (33.3-53.1 % TFA) including those with 14 to 18 carbons, indicating that bacterial and detritus food sources played an important role in their diets. Barnacles had small levels of terrestrial markers (18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3; <2.5 % TFA) and demonstrated increased omnivorous feeding compared with the other suspension-feeders [increased levels of 20:1n-11 and 20:1n-9, higher 18:1n-9/18:1n-7 ratios at ~2.1, enriched δ¹⁵N values at ~10.6 ‰; zooplankton (potentially including microzooplankton, larvae and protists) contribution of up to 61 % of the diet]. Mussels contained significant proportions of the terrestrial markers (18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3; >2.5 % TFA) and exhibited intermediate omnivory (intermediate levels of 20:1n-11 and 20:1n-9, intermediate 18:1n-9/18:1n-7 ratios at ~1.3, less enriched δ¹⁵N values at ~7.9 ‰; zooplankton contribution of 10-15 % of the diet). The more depleted nitrogen signatures in the mussels relative to the barnacles and polychaetes possibly illustrated a stronger preference for autotrophic food. Polychaetes mainly consumed plant food sources (i.e. microalgae, macroalgae and detritus; high levels of i-18:0, 18:1n-9, 18:4n-3 and 20:5n-3) and displayed little omnivory (low levels of 20:1n-11 and 20:1n-9, low 18:1n-9/18:1n-7 ratios at ~0.4, intermediate δ¹⁵N values at ~9.1 ‰; zooplankton contribution of <10 % of the diet). The barnacles, mussels and polychaetes are all suspension-feeders, originally presumed to consume the same food sources. The variations observed among the species, therefore, may result from differences in the proportional contributions of the various food sources to their diets as well as distinctions in metabolism. The distinct changes in the fatty acid and stable isotope signatures in all three filter-feeders in the Kariega and Great Fish regions are likely influenced by the diversity in regional vegetation and hydrology in the different systems, combined with interspecific differences in resource partitioning among the species.
7
Sumerel, Andrew N. "Flume study of particle-size-dependent filtration rates of a solitary ascidian the influence of body size, flow speed, and drag /". View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-3/sumerela/andrewsumerel.pdf.
Texto completo
8
Weidemeyer, Sven. "Taxonomie, Paläoökologie und Paläobiodiversitätsdynamik benthischer Mollusken an der Kreide-Paläogen-Grenze von Patagonien". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16031.
Texto completoResumen
Aus Patagonien lagen bisher wenige Daten zu paläoökologischen Veränderungen und zur Paläobiodiversität an der Kreide-Paläogen (K/Pg)-Grenze vor. Um diese Lücke zu schließen, wurden in den argentinischen Provinzen Neuquén und Chubut zahlreiche Profile im Bereich der K/Pg-Grenze detailliert beprobt. Während einer Planktonkrise, wie sie für die K/Pg-Grenze angenommen wird, werden für benthische Mollusken folgende Entwicklungen erwartet: 1. eine Abnahme der Individuenzahlen der Benthosorganismen, 2. eine Abnahme der vom Plankton als Nahrungsquelle direkt abhängigen Organismen, 3. eine Abnahme der Benthonten mit planktotrophen Larvalstadien, 4. eine Abnahme der mittleren Körpergröße der Individuen benthischer Faunengemeinschaften und 5. eine Abnahme der Organismen mit hoher Stoffwechselrate bzw. aktiver, mobiler Lebensweise. Tatsächlich waren die hungerresistenten Gruppen der Nuculoida (flach-infaunale Depositfresser) und der Lucinidae (Chemosymbionten) im Danium signifikant häufiger als im Maastrichtium, während der Faunenanteil der Suspensionsfresser im Danium im Vergleich zum Maastrichtium signifikant niedriger ist. In den Faunengemeinschaften des Daniums von Bajo de Añelo konnten Abnahmen der Individuenzahlen, der mittleren Mobilität und der mittleren Größe festgestellt werden. Die beobachteten paläoökologischen Veränderungen zeigen somit eine Selektivität, die sich auch in der Paläobiodiversitätsdynamik widerspiegelt. Auch hier sind Suspensionsfresser, die direkt vom Planktonangebot abhängig sind, stärker betroffen als Chemosymbionten und flach-infaunale Depositfresser. Die Aussterberaten für Bivalven sind mit 28% moderat. Insgesamt sind die festgestellten Selektivitätsmuster konsistent mit den zu erwartenden Folgen einer Planktonkrise. Trotz einiger regionaler Unterschiede handelte es sich um ein globales Ereignis an der K/Pg-Grenze, das Nord- und Südhalbkugel gleichermaßen betroffen hat.From Patagonia only a few data on palaeoecological changes and on palaeobiodiversity at the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg)-boundary are available so far. Therefore detailed samples in different K/Pg-sections in the Argentinian provinces of Neuquén and Chubut were taken to increase the data set for this region. The following trends are expected from a crisis of primary productivity in the aftermath of the K/Pg-boundary: 1. a reduction in the number of individuals of benthic organisms, 2. a decrease in the relative abundance of organisms which rely directly on photosynthesis, 3. a lower proportion of individuals with planktotrophic larval stages, 4. a reduction in the average body size of individuals within palaeocommunities and 5. an increased abundance of organisms with low metabolic rates or inactive lifestyles. In fact the proportion of the starvation-resistant groups of the Nuculoida (shallow-infaunal deposit feeders) and Lucinidae (chemosymbionts) were significantly higher in the Danian compared to the Maastrichtian. In contrast to this, the proportion of suspension feeders in the palaeocommunities was significantly lower in the Danian in comparison with the Maastrichtian. In the Danian benthic assemblages of the Bajo de Añelo area, a decrease in number of individuals, mean mobility and mean size was recognised after the K/Pg-boundary. Thus the palaeoecological changes display a selectivity, which is also reflected in the palaeobiodiversity. Suspension feeders, which depend directly on plankton particles from the water column, show higher extinction rates than chemosymbionts and shallow-infaunal deposit feeders. The extinction rates of Patagonian bivalves are moderate (28%). Overall, the recognized selectivity patterns are consistent with the expected aftermath of a crisis in primary productivity. Despite some local differences, the results argue for a global event at the K/Pg-boundary during which the northern and southern hemispheres were similarly affected.
9
Kunzel, Theresa. "The influence of eutrophic conditions on the activity of the suspension-feeding barnacle Semibalanus balanoides". Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1255.
Texto completoResumen
Eutrophication is a current problem on coastal lines worldwide. Cirripedia like the northern acorn barnacle Semibalanus balanoides actively help to prevent high amounts of plankton in the coastal zones by filtering plankton out of the surrounding water. This investigation focuses on the movements of Semibalanus balanoides in comparison to increasing concentrations of plankton in the water (between 33mg and 110 mg particles per litre) which simulate eutrophication. The four factors feeding activity, pumping activity, isolation time and clogging of the feeding apparatus in relation to the plankton concentration of the water were examined.
The results show significant interaction between pumping movement and the plankton concentration. The feeding activity, the isolation time and the clogging compared to the plankton concentration get no statistical results.
Less feeding activity and an increase in pumping behaviour will not decrease the amount of plankton in the coastal waters which will increase the problems of eutrophication. The paper shows that more investigation on suspension feeders and their surroundings needs to be done to be able to understand the dangers fully.
Libros sobre el tema "Suspension feeders"
1
D, Kristmanson D., ed. Benthic suspension feeders and flow. Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Buscar texto completo
2
Dame, Richard F. y Sergej Olenin, eds. The Comparative Roles of Suspension-Feeders in Ecosystems. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3030-4.
Texto completo
3
F, Dame Richard y Olenin Sergej, eds. The comparative roles of suspension-feeders in ecosystems. Dordrecht: Springer, 2005.
Buscar texto completo
4
Kristmanson, David y David Wildish. Benthic Suspension Feeders and Flow. Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Buscar texto completo
5
Kristmanson, David y David Wildish. Benthic Suspension Feeders and Flow. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Buscar texto completo
6
Kristmanson, David y David Wildish. Benthic Suspension Feeders and Flow. Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Buscar texto completo
7
(Editor), Richard F. Dame y Sergej Olenin (Editor), eds. The Comparative Roles of Suspension-Feeders in Ecosystems: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on The Comparative Roles of Suspension-Feeders ... IV: Earth and Environmental Sciences). Springer, 2005.
Buscar texto completoCapítulos de libros sobre el tema "Suspension feeders"
1
Jaramillo, E. y M. Lastra. "Suspension Feeders on Sandy Beaches". En Ecological Studies, 61–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56557-1_4.
Texto completo
2
Duchêne, Jean-Claude. "Activity Rhythm Measurement in Suspension Feeders". En Marine Animal Forests, 761–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21012-4_18.
Texto completo
3
Duchêne, Jean-Claude. "Activity Rhythm Measurement in Suspension Feeders". En Marine Animal Forests, 1–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17001-5_18-1.
Texto completo
4
Herman, Peter M. J. "A Set of Models to Investigate the Role of Benthic Suspension Feeders in Estuarine Ecosystems". En Bivalve Filter Feeders, 421–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78353-1_12.
Texto completo
5
Smaal, A. C. y T. C. Prins. "The Uptake of Organic Matter and the Release of Inorganic Nutrients by Bivalve Suspension Feeder Beds". En Bivalve Filter Feeders, 271–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78353-1_8.
Texto completo
6
Smaal, Aad C. "The response of benthic suspension feeders to environmental changes". En The Oosterschelde Estuary (The Netherlands): a Case-Study of a Changing Ecosystem, 355–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1174-4_26.
Texto completo
7
Sebens, Kenneth, Gianluca Sarà y Michael Nishizaki. "Energetics, Particle Capture, and Growth Dynamics of Benthic Suspension Feeders". En Marine Animal Forests, 813–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21012-4_17.
Texto completo
8
Sebens, Kenneth, Gianluca Sarà y Michael Nishizaki. "Energetics, Particle Capture, and Growth Dynamics of Benthic Suspension Feeders". En Marine Animal Forests, 1–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17001-5_17-1.
Texto completo
9
Sebens, Kenneth, Gianluca Sarà y Michael Nishizaki. "Energetics, Particle Capture, and Growth Dynamics of Benthic Suspension Feeders". En Marine Animal Forests, 1–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17001-5_17-3.
Texto completo
10
Dame, R. F., D. Bushek y T. C. Prins. "Benthic Suspension Feeders as Determinants of Ecosystem Structure and Function in Shallow Coastal Waters". En Ecological Studies, 11–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56557-1_2.
Texto completoActas de conferencias sobre el tema "Suspension feeders"
1
Pulsford, J., M. Bai y T. Hussain. "Suspension High Velocity Oxy Fuel (SHVOF) Thermal Spraying of Cr2O3 and Cr2O3 with Graphene Platelets for Dry Sliding Wear Protection". En ITSC2018, editado por F. Azarmi, K. Balani, H. Li, T. Eden, K. Shinoda, T. Hussain, F. L. Toma, Y. C. Lau y J. Veilleux. ASM International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2018p0496.
Texto completoResumen
Abstract Thermally sprayed Cr2O3 coatings have been shown to provide excellent protection against wear in many engineering applications. These coatings are traditionally applied using air plasma spray technology; however, suspension high velocity oxy fuel thermal spraying (SHVOF) is a promising method to improve coating properties as this technique enables powder feedstocks too small to be processed by mechanical feeders to be sprayed, allowing the production of coatings with improved density and mechanical properties. Furthermore, the addition of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) to the liquid feedstock has been shown to improve the mechanical properties of SHVOF sprayed ceramic coatings. In this study, an aqueous based nanometric Cr2O3 suspension and a Cr2O3 suspension with 1 wt.% GNP, prepared via a proprietary process, were sprayed by a SHVOF thermal spray onto 304 stainless steel substrates. The microstructure of Cr2O3 and Cr2O3 + GNP coatings was analyzed using SEM and XRD alongside microhardness, fracture toughness and porosity investigations. Dry sliding wear performance was investigated using a ball on flat tribometer against an alpha alumina ball at loads of 16, 30 and 47 N. The GNP containing coating exhibited improved mechanical properties, however its response to sliding wear was very similar to the non-GNP coating.
2
Tanikella, Sri Savya, Nathan D. Jones y Emilie Dressaire. "A Numerical Study of the Effect of Surface Coverage on the Filtration Performance of Hair Arrays". En ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-69668.
Texto completoResumen
Abstract Biological filtration systems offer a sustainable alternative to existing engineered solutions. In this computational work, we seek to optimize the surface coverage by an array of hairs to capture particles in channels. A variety of aquatic organisms rely on arrays of hairs to interact with their fluidic environments. The hair functionality can vary from sensing to smelling, filtration to flow control depending on the species considered. Among those organisms are filter-feeders that rely on suspension-feeding, one of the most widespread feeding mechanisms and one of the oldest. Baleen whales are filter-feeders that catch their prey by using the baleen, a complex structure composed of plates and bristles in their mouth. The hairs are hollow cylindrical structures with a diameter of a few hundred micrometers that can extend over tens of centimeters. The baleen filters out the prey while letting the seawater through. The baleen is composed of flexible and elongated structures whose properties fit the feeding habits of the whale. The porosity of the structure depends on the flow feature. Effectively, the flow can tune the filter properties, which sets biological filters apart from their engineered counterpart. Previous mechanical studies have shown that an array of hairs can either act as a sieve, allowing all the fluid to flow through it, or as a rake, forcing the fluid to flow around it instead. As the speed increases, the behavior shifts from rake to sieving for a given hair spacing. From a filtration perspective, the rake regime is not favorable as particles do not enter the array. For a fixed fluid velocity, the flow transitions from rake to sieve as the spacing between the hairs in the array increases. Our recent work has also demonstrated that the confinement of the channel influences the sieve to rake transition. The filtration mechanisms that filter-feeder organisms use to capture food particles exhibit complex fluid-structure interactions that have yet to be leveraged in engineered systems. To guide the development of hair-covered surfaces capable of trapping particles in channel flows, we investigate how different geometric factors affect the fluid transport and capture of particles by the array. In previous work, a small number of hairs, typically 25, were considered. Here, we vary the array geometry, the Reynolds number of the flow, and the surface coverage to study the transport through this confined porous structure. We compare arrays based on their optimal efficiency and the (sub-optimal) operating conditions which make the filter versatile.
3
Gerber, Matthew J. "A Numerical Study for Biomimetic Structures to Control Wall Shear Stress in Water". En ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-67342.
Texto completoResumen
There are numerous practical applications whose operational efficiency depends on the shear stress (skin friction drag) on their functional surfaces, including artificial reefs, artificial hearts, and continuous flow microbial fuel cells. For the most part, the fundamental physics that govern surface shear stress are well understood and established, especially for relatively simple shapes such as a sphere or cylinder. However, the use of passive, bio-inspired, additive structures to control surface shear stress has thus far seen limited investigation. To evaluate the effect of geometrical forms on surface shear stress, 29 biomimetic structures based on sharkskin, cacti, and ocean-dwelling suspension feeders were studied. The structures were modeled in COMSOL Multiphysics, and the shear stresses on their surfaces were studied. The results show that shear stress on the surface of a structure depends not only on surface area, but also on the general form of the structure. In addition, the surface shear stress of some structures display a strong dependence on fluid-flow orientation, while others do not.
4
Tang, Z., P. Hartell, G. Masindo, N. Bogdanovic, I. Yaroslavski, H. Kim, J. Restrepo, D. Ellsworth y A. Burgess. "Duration and Reliability of Axial Suspension Plasma Spray Process". En ITSC2010, editado por B. R. Marple, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima y G. Montavon. DVS Media GmbH, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2010p0203.
Texto completoResumen
Abstract Suspension plasma spraying is gaining greater interest for emerging applications such as new thermal barrier coatings, next generation environmental barrier coatings and ceramic membranes as in solid oxide fuel cells. Mettech developed an axial injection plasma process coupled with an automatic suspension feed system, and demonstrated its capability to overcome the complexities of the process and deliver quality coatings. This paper aims at determining the durability and stability of the gun, suspension feeder and their components. A 120-hour duration test was performed, and the plasma torch and suspension feed parameters and performances were recorded. The test results indicate that the equipment and process are stable and reliable, and ready for industrial applications.
5
S.V., Matrosova, Sidorova N.A. y Kuchko T.Yu. "COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STATE OF THE JUVENILE SO-IUY MULLET PLANILIZA HAEMATOCHEILA (TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL, 1845) ACCORDING TO HEMATOLOGICAL INDICATORS". En II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE "DEVELOPMENT AND MODERN PROBLEMS OF AQUACULTURE" ("AQUACULTURE 2022" CONFERENCE). DSTU-Print, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/aquaculture.2022.77-80.
Texto completoResumen
The article presents an analysis of a comprehensive study of the growth and development indicators of rainbow trout grown on granulated feeds using a plankton microalgae suspension concentrate Chlorella vulgaris (GKO) as a bioadditive. The possibility of using the studied biopreparation in the feeding ration of trout as an active additive with an immunocorrecting effect has been proven. The use of a Chlorella suspension at a concentration of 10 ml / kg increases the survival and resistance of trout jewels, as well as the general strengthening of the immune background of the fish organism.
6
Lima, R., B. Guerreiro y B. Marple. "Comparing the Microstructures and Properties of YSZ TBCs Manufactured Via Air Plasma Spray (APS), Suspension Plasma Spray (SPS) and Finely-Dispersed-Particle Air Plasma Spray (FAPS)". En ITSC2017, editado por A. Agarwal, G. Bolelli, A. Concustell, Y. C. Lau, A. McDonald, F. L. Toma, E. Turunen y C. A. Widener. DVS Media GmbH, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2017p0388.
Texto completoResumen
Abstract ZrO2-Y2O3 (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were manufactured via conventional Air Plasma Spray (APS), Suspension Plasma Spray (SPS) and an additional technology hereby termed Finely-dispersed-particle Air Plasma Spray (FAPS). The FAPS processing employs the exact same classification of finely dispersed particles as used in SPS; however, whereas SPS uses a liquid medium, in the case of FAPS the particles are fed conventionally via a carrier gas into the plasma spray torch by using a newly developed powder feeder for fine (suspension-like) particles (NRC patented technology). These finely dispersed YSZ particles consist of irregularly shaped (fluffy-like) agglomerates made from individual nano-sized particles. The conventional APS YSZ TBC was sprayed via a Metco 3MB torch, whereas, both SPS and FAPS YSZ TBCs were sprayed using the Mettech Axial III torch (using the same set of spray parameters). Both SPS and FAPS YSZ TBCs exhibited porous and vertically-cracked microstructures. The conventional APS YSZ TBC microstructure exhibited the traditional lamellar morphology. Elastic modulus, hardness and thermal conductivity values were evaluated for all YSZ TBCs. Microstructures and phase analysis were investigated via SEM and XRD.
7
White, Paul F. y Gerti Kola. "Milwaukee Streetcar Overhead Contact System: A Challenging Design Effort". En 2019 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2019-1294.
Texto completoResumen
The new Milwaukee Streetcar system has been in the planning, design and construction phases for over 10 years and on November 2, 2018, operations with a combined overhead contact system and streetcar battery power commenced ushering in a new era of growth for the City of Milwaukee. Many challenges in the design and construction of the overhead contact line and power system were encountered during this time period including budgetary constraints, multiple pole location changes, underground obstacles, low clearance bridges, alignment changes, utility conflicts, and changing vehicle requirements. The line was originally designed for pantograph operation but soon adapted for pole/pantograph current collection and then changed back to pantograph only current collection during the final design. The original design consisted of underground feeder cables to supplement a 4/0 contact wire but eventually not utilized due to budgetary constraints. Instead, a larger 350 kcmil contact wire was used with no paralleling feeder cables. The added weight of a 350 kcmil wire with wind, ice and low temperatures created high forces in the overhead contact system (OCS) leading to challenges in pole and foundation design where compliance to the National Electrical Safety Code (NESC) was required. The OCS style originally proposed and finally constructed used an inclined pendulum suspension (IPS) system that was constant tensioned with rotating springs deemed by the installing contractor superior to balance weights. The pendulum system was chosen as it is simple, lightweight, less visually obtrusive, and more economical than other suspension systems such as stitch and steady arm that are being used on other streetcar or light rail systems. IPS has provided Milwaukee with an excellent operating overhead contact system. Buildings along the route that were not historic structures were utilized where possible for span wire attachment but in many locations long bracket arms up to 40 feet long had to be used requiring special designs to keep the size of the pipes standard with the rest of the system. Challenges arose at low bridge underpasses where the contact wire had to be below required code height and special precautions had to be undertaken. Other areas such as the St. Paul Lift Bridge proved challenging as well where special electrically interlocked OCS devices were initially designed to de-energize the overhead wires and is further discussed with the reasoning for their use. This paper outlines the phases of design, the changes to the design that occurred over time, the challenges encountered to the OCS design, the method of design, and the final disposition of the design for construction. It further outlines the construction of the system and problems encountered with poles, foundations, bracket arms, traction power substations, contact wire, feeder cables, and winter conditions affecting the integrity of these structures and how some of these problems were solved.