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Altenberg, Bengt. "Conclusive English then and Swedish då". Languages in Contrast 10, n.º 1 (8 de abril de 2010): 102–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.10.1.05alt.
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Conclusive English then and Swedish då are compared on the basis of a bi-directional translation corpus. The examples are classified into five different uses according to certain formal and contextual criteria. The two words are shown to have obvious functional similarities: in each of the categories distinguished then and då are the preferred translation equivalents of each other. But there are also striking differences. Swedish då is generally much more common than English then and the latter is often left out in the English translations. In other words, the use of an explicit conclusion marker is more often felt to be redundant in English than in Swedish. The two words also display positional differences. For example, unlike then, Swedish då cannot occur initially in non-declarative clauses and its use as an unstressed pragmatic particle is confined to clause-final position. Another notable feature is that an unstressed particle in the original text (in both languages) is sometimes rendered by a stressed adverb in the translation, a tendency which suggests that the distinction between stressed anaphoric adverb and unstressed pragmatic particle is blurred and a matter of degree rather than a clear-cut dichotomy.
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Havumetsä, Nina. "A comparative study of information change in translation of nonfiction literature". Translation Matters 3, n.º 1 (2021): 8–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/21844585/tm3_1a1.
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The present paper compares translations from Russian into Finnish, Swedish, and English of a work of political non-fiction, Всякремлевскаярать: КраткаяисториясовременнойРоссии(lit. All the Kremlin men: A short history of contemporary Russia) by Mikhail Zygar (2016a) and investigates the use of information change as a translation strategy. Information change covers addition and omission of non-inferable content, used either separately or sequentially (i.e. addition following omission resulting in substitution). De Metsenaere’s and Vandepitte’s (2017) notions of addition and omission are applied. The study shows that the translations into Finnish and Swedish exhibit similarly infrequent use of information changing strategies while the English translation appears more liberal in their use. Possible reasons for the additions, omissions, substitutions, and their effects are discussed, as is the potential impact of the English translations on translation norms
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Axelsson, Karin. "Questions in English and Swedish fiction texts". Languages in Contrast 20, n.º 2 (6 de octubre de 2020): 235–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.00017.axe.
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Abstract The aim of this article is to shed new light on the use and translation of English and Swedish questions in fiction by using a combination of parallel and comparable corpus data extracted from the bidirectional English-Swedish Parallel Corpus. In particular, the study examines questions containing a question mark (QMquestions) categorised into wh-interrogatives, polar interrogatives, alternative questions, tag questions (including those with invariant tags), declarative questions, wh-fragments and non-wh-fragments. The parallel analysis shows that most QMquestion types are more often translated congruently into English than into Swedish. The focus is on types with low mutual correspondence scores: fragments, tag questions and declarative questions. The comparable analyses concern both bilingual contrasts between the original texts and monolingual contrasts between the translation and original subcorpora in both languages. The bilingual analysis aligns with several preliminary findings in the parallel analysis, e.g. the favouring of tag questions and some types of wh-fragments in English. The monolingual analysis reveals both over- and underuse in translations and points to a strong effect of source-language influence.
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Allwood, Anja. "(Semi)peripheries in contact". STRIDON: Studies in Translation and Interpreting 1, n.º 1 (7 de julio de 2021): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/stridon.1.1.57-77.
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This article widens the perspective of indirect translation (ITr) research by focusing on the range of mediating languages and with a corpus of all indirect translations into a specific language (Swedish) during 2000–2015. The following issues will be described and explained: which languages are used as mediating languages (MLs), what their respective proportions look like, and which possible reasons for using a language other than English as the ML can be identified. The corpus reveals that out of all novels translated into Swedish during the period under study, 1.3% (70 novels) were indirect translations, and out of these 70, more than two thirds have English as the ML. A search into the cases where English has not been used produced a list of suggested reasons regarding the choice of ML. The most often occurring explanation seems to be that no English translation existed, or that such a translation was already indirect.
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Ström Herold, Jenny, Magnus Levin y Jukka Tyrkkö. "RAF, DNA and CAPTCHA: English acronyms in German and Swedish translation". Bergen Language and Linguistics Studies 11, n.º 1 (15 de septiembre de 2021): 163–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15845/bells.v11i1.3443.
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This study investigates acronyms in English originals and their translations into German and Swedish, comparing forms, functions and distributions across the languages. The material was collected from the Linnaeus English-German-Swedish corpus (LEGS) consisting of original and translated popular non-fiction. From a structural point of view, acronyms most often occur as independent noun heads (When IBM introduced […]) or as premodifiers in a noun phrase (PGP encryption). Due to morphosyntactic differences, English acronym premodifiers often merge into hyphenated compounds in German translations (UN-Klimakonvention), but less frequently so in Swedish. The study also discusses explicitation practices when introducing source-culture specific acronyms in the translations. German translators explain and elaborate more than Swedish translators and they do so in the German language. Swedish translators, however, use English to a greater extent, suggesting that Swedish readers are expected to have better knowledge of English than German readers.
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Rawoens, Gudrun y Thomas Egan. "Coding Betweenness in Swedish and Norwegian Translations from English". Meta 60, n.º 3 (5 de abril de 2016): 576–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1036144ar.
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This paper examines the way in which the semantic notion of ‘betweenness’ is coded in Swedish and Norwegian translations of the same English source texts. The study takes its starting point in the contention that the original English expressions of ‘betweenness’ containing the prepositionbetweenconstitute a viabletertium comparationisfor translations of that form into the other two languages. A classification of all occurrences ofbetweenin the English source texts in The English-Swedish Parallel Corpus (ESPC) and The English-Norwegian Parallel Corpus (ENPC) in terms of the semantic role of the landmarks in the predications is followed by an analysis of the translations, both congruent and divergent. The primary focus, however, is not on the correspondences between the English original and its translations into Swedish and Norwegian, but on the parallels between the two sets of translations. To this end comparisons are drawn between the Swedish and Norwegian renderings of the various meanings ofbetweenin the source data. The analysis shows that Swedish and Norwegian resemble one another closely in the means employed to code the various senses ofbetween. The last part of the study offers a complementary perspective in comparing occurrences of the most common translation equivalents ofbetween,mellanin Swedish andmellomin Norwegian, in contexts where they do not translatebetweenin the English source texts. This approach reveals that, despite the lack ofbetweenin the original texts, the two sets of translators both employ the cognate prepositions in over 25% of cases.
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Levin, Magnus y Jenny Ström Herold. "On brackets in translation (or how to elaborate in brackets)". Bergen Language and Linguistics Studies 11, n.º 1 (15 de septiembre de 2021): 121–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15845/bells.v11i1.3441.
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This paper presents findings on the use of brackets in original texts and translations based on the Linnaeus University English-German-Swedish corpus (LEGS). The results show that in originals, brackets are the most frequent in English and the least in Swedish. Translations usually contain more brackets than originals. There are two reasons for this. First, most brackets are retained, and secondly, many are added. Added brackets mostly contain short synonyms facilitating target-reader comprehension. English translators introduce the most changes (additions, omissions, downgrades and upgrades), and Swedish ones the least. Brackets tend to fulfil content-oriented rather than interpersonal functions. When brackets are replaced by other punctuations marks in translations, these tend to be commas or no punctuation marks at all. German originals have a stronger preference for bracketing phrases than clauses compared to English and Swedish. These German phrasal brackets are often expanded into clauses in translations.
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Osetskaya, Natalya S. "Some Observations Concerning Russia, summarized by Erik Palmquist in 1674 or Palmquist’s Album". Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)], n.º 2 (23 de abril de 2013): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2013-0-2-51-57.
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Lomonosov Publishing House in cooperation with the Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures of the Stockholm University, the Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities, the Department of Modern Languages of the Uppsala University and the St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences published in 2012 the unique facsimile edition in folio of “Palmquist’s Album” and the special edition of “Some Observations Concerning Russia, summarized by Erik Palmquist in 1674”, which includes the original text of Album in the Early Modern Swedish language and its translations into the Swedish, Russian and English languages, the manuscript description, the principles of reproduction and translation of Palmquist’s texts, the glossary in the Swedish, Russian and English languages as well as zoomed out edition of “Palmquist’s Album”.
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STRÖM HEROLD, JENNY y MAGNUS LEVIN. "The Obama presidency, the Macintosh keyboard and the Norway fiasco: English proper noun modifiers and their German and Swedish correspondences". English Language and Linguistics 23, n.º 4 (10 de octubre de 2019): 827–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674319000285.
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This article concerns English proper noun modifiers denoting organizations, people and places and their German and Swedish correspondences. It supplements previous studies touching upon contrastive comparisons by providing large-scale systematic findings on the translation correspondences of the three aforementioned semantic types. The data are drawn from the Linnaeus University English–German–Swedish Corpus (LEGS), which contains popular non-fiction, a genre previously not studied in connection with proper noun modifiers. The results show that organization-based modifiers are the most common and person-based ones the rarest in English originals. Compounds are the most frequent correspondences in German and Swedish translations and originals with genitives and prepositional phrases as other common options. The preference for compounds is stronger in German, while it is stronger for prepositional phrases in Swedish translations, reflecting earlier findings on language-specific tendencies. Organization-based modifiers tend to be translated into compounds, and place-based modifiers into prepositional phrases. German and Swedish translators relatively often opt for similar target-language structures. Two important target-language differences emerge: (i) compounds with complex heads are dispreferred in Swedish (US news show > *USA-nyhetsprogram) but unproblematic in German (US-Nachrichtensendung), and (ii) compounds with acronyms (WTO ruling > WTO-Entscheidung) are more frequent in German.
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Sigurd, Bengt. "Analysis of Particle Verbs for Automatic Translation". Nordic Journal of Linguistics 18, n.º 1 (junio de 1995): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586500003103.
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A number of typical particle verbs in Swedish and English are presented and it is noted that such verbs are often forgotten in dictionaries and not given the proper treatment in grammars. One problem is the identification of these verbs, another is the fact that the verb and the particle may be separated by other words. The particle verbs must therefore be treated as discontinuous lexical items. It is shown that the phrase structure rules used in Swetra Referent Grammar can make room for lexical material at several places in the word string, if this is required by the lexical matrix. English and Swedish examples are presented and also the automatic translation of some simple sentences
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Aijmer, Karin y Bengt Altenberg. "Swedish gärna and German gern(e) and their English correspondences". Languages in Contrast 13, n.º 2 (16 de septiembre de 2013): 238–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.13.2.06aij.
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The Swedish adverb gärna, related to German gern(e), has no obvious equivalent in English. To explore this cross-linguistic phenomenon the English correspondences of gärna are examined on the basis of the English-Swedish Parallel Corpus, a bidirectional translation corpus. The study shows that gärna has a wide range of English correspondences (translations as well as sources), representing a variety of grammatical categories (verb, adjective, adverb, noun, etc). In addition, the English texts contain a large number of omissions and unidentifiable sources (zero). The most common function of gärna is to express willingness or readiness on the part of the subject, but in the absence of a volitional controller it can also indicate a habitual tendency and even convey implications such as reluctance. It is also used in speech acts expressing offers, promises and requests and in responses to such speech acts. To compare the Swedish adverb with its German cognate gern(e) a similar contrastive study of the English correspondences of this adverb was made on the basis of the Oslo Multilingual Corpus. The studies clearly demonstrate the rich multifunctionality of the two adverbs and the advantages of using bidirectional parallel corpora in contrastive research.
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Altenberg, Bengt. "The generic person in English and Swedish". Languages in Contrast 5, n.º 1 (30 de septiembre de 2005): 93–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.5.1.08alt.
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To find out how the ‘generic person’ is expressed in English and Swedish, the use and correspondence of the generic pronouns one in English and man in Swedish are examined in a bidirectional English-Swedish translation corpus. The material demonstrates clearly the greater frequency and versatility of Swedish man and the restricted use of English one. The difference is partly register-related: while man is stylistically neutral one is relatively formal and often replaced by you or various other pronouns. However, the most striking difference is syntactic. The English correspondences of man cut across grammatical systems and can be seen to reflect two diverging tendencies: the English fiction texts often have a subject corresponding to Swedish man, but the non-fiction texts rely to a large extent on syntactic shifts and clause reductions without a corresponding subject. In other words, the difference between the languages is not just a matter of pronoun choice but of syntactic preferences and subject selection.
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Crișan, Marius-Mircea. "Bram Stoker’s Dracula and its undead stories of translation". Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 65, n.º 6 (31 de diciembre de 2019): 769–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00124.cri.
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Abstract Studying the translations of Bram Stoker’s Dracula, one of the most successful novels of all times, may reveal, even nowadays, several surprises. First published by Constable on 26 May 1897, Bram Stoker’s Dracula has never been out of print, and it has been translated into about 30 languages (Light 2009). This article starts with an analysis of some keywords in Bram Stoker’s sources on Transylvania and their translations from Romanian into English, and points to some inaccurate translations which influenced the novelist to locate the action in Transylvania and change the name of the main vampire character. The following subchapters examine the recent research on the first translations of Dracula, discussing the Hungarian translation (1898), the Swedish variant (1899) and the Icelandic versions (1900, 1901), and the last section is dedicated to the translation into Romanian, published in 1990.
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Laufer, Batia y Stig Eliasson. "What Causes Avoidance in L2 Learning". Studies in Second Language Acquisition 15, n.º 1 (marzo de 1993): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100011657.
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Among the structural and lexical factors claimed to account for avoidance in second language learning are (a) cross-linguistic difference, (b) cross-linguistic similarity, and (c) intrinsic complexity of the second language features avoided. This paper examines patterns of avoidance and preference for phrasal verbs or equivalent single-word verbs among Swedish learners of English. We assumed that if the subjects avoided English phrasal verbs, particularly the figurative ones, even though phrasal verbs exist in Swedish, this would indicate that inherent semantic difficulty of second language forms was the main factor contributing to the avoidance behavior. If, on the other hand, the learners did not show any preference for one-word verb forms in English, or indeed favored the phrasal forms, this would support the assumption that avoidance or nonavoidance depends largely on differences or similarities between the native and the foreign language.A multiple-choice test and a translation test were given to two groups of advanced Swedish-speaking learners of English. Each test consisted of 20 sentences, allowing for the choice of either a phrasal or a synonymous single-word verb. The test answers showed that the Swedish learners avoided neither phrasal verbs in general nor the figurative ones in particular, regardless of whether the verbs were similar to, or different from, their Swedish translation equivalents. Furthermore, the results were compared to the avoidance patterns of a group of advanced Hebrew-speaking learners of English. From the comparison it emerged that the Swedish learners usedsignificantly more phrasal verbs than the Israelis, notably figurative ones. These results suggest that the avoidance is determined more by a systemic incongruence between the first language (L1) and the second language (L2) than by the inherent difficulty of L2 forms.
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Jarl, Gustav Magnus y Liselotte Maria Norling Hermansson. "Translation and Linguistic Validation of the Swedish Version of Orthotics and Prosthetics Users' Survey". Prosthetics and Orthotics International 33, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2009): 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093640903168123.
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There is an increasing need for outcome measures in the orthotic and prosthetic field and specifically a lack of outcome measures in Swedish. The Orthotics and Prosthetics Users' Survey (OPUS) was developed in the USA for assessment of the outcome of orthotic and prosthetic interventions, and could potentially also be used for shoe insoles and orthopaedic shoes. The aims of this study were to translate OPUS into Swedish and test the translated version's linguistic validity in a Swedish context. The Orthotic and Prosthetic Users' Survey was translated into Swedish and back-translated into English, following a modified version of the World Health Organization guidelines. After revision of the Swedish version, 39 Swedish clients (12 men, 27 women) answered the OPUS questionnaires and were systematically debriefed afterwards. Most items were understood correctly by the respondents, but some words and expressions had to be changed to avoid misunderstandings or unintended interpretations. The resulting Swedish version of OPUS, OPUS-Swe, showed acceptable linguistic validity and has potential for use in both clinical practice and scientific settings. Nevertheless, before OPUS-Swe can be fully implemented, its psychometric properties need to be evaluated.
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Sigurd, Bengt. "Using Referent Grammar (RG) in Computer Analysis, Generation and Translation of Sentences". Nordic Journal of Linguistics 11, n.º 1-2 (junio de 1988): 129–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586500001785.
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The paper presents Referent Grammar (RG), a version of generalized phrase structure grammar. RG uses descriptive labels for defective categories (categories tacking a constituent) instead of slash expressions and needs no null (empty, zero) categories. RG uses both functional and categorial representations and the grammar rules, written in the Prolog DCG formalism, relate these two levels. The functional representations of RG include referent variables (numbers) with noun phrases which makes it possible to keep track of the referents within the sentences and in the text. Relative clauses can be defined in a new way using these referents and the referent, enriched with grammatical features, can be used for controlling agreement. Substantial fragments of Swedish and English grammars have been implemented in RG and the print-out of a demo session shows how RG works in computerized analysis, generation and translation of Swedish and English sentences.
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Johansson, Peter L., Bjorn Andreasson, Robyn Scherber, Amylou Dueck, Jan Samuelsson, Gunnar Birgegard, Ayalew Tefferi y Ruben A. Mesa. "Prospective Validation of the Swedish Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Symptom Assessment Form (MPN-SAF: Swedish) In 114 MPN Patients". Blood 116, n.º 21 (19 de noviembre de 2010): 5053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.5053.5053.
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Abstract Abstract 5053 Background: The Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Symptom Assessment Form (MPN-SAF) is a concise instrument of patient reported outcomes (PRO) designed to assess the unique spectrum of symptoms present in the majority of patients (Mesa et. al. Cancer 2007). We sought to validate the Swedish Translation of the MPN-SAF which addresses 19 separate symptoms reported by MPN patients. Methods: We utilized the standard practice of PRO translation in which 3 independent translations are created by 3 independent translators fluent in both languages. A fourth translator then discussed the translations with the other translators and a consensus translation was obtained. Patients self completed the MPN-SAF: Swedish at the time of a physician office visit and the Swedish EORTC-QLQ-C30 was co-administered for validation purposes. Results: Patients and Symptomatic Burden: 114 patients were prospectively enrolled (ET (N=53; 47%), PV (N=53; 47%) and MF (N=8; 6%)) a median of 6 years (range:0-42) from their diagnosis. Patients were of a median age (68; range 27–88 years) and gender (53% females) typical of the disease. 78% (N=88) had received some form of non-aspirin medical therapy for their disease, and 75% were on therapy at the time of completing the questionnaire. Patients frequently had a history of either thrombotic events (26%) and/or hemorrhagic events (10%). The MPN-SAF measured 19 items in the enrolled patients (data summarized in Table 1). Validation Analysis: EORTC-QLQ-C30 Consistent with our experience with the MPN-SAF:English Pearson correlations between MPN-SAF-Swedish individual symptom scores and the Swedish EORTC-QLQ C30 showed excellent correlations with co-validation questions including fatigue, pain, headache, insomnia, early satiety, and sad mood (all p<0.001). Correlations with EORTC-QLQ-C30 subscales demonstrated excellent correlations between MPN-SAF measurements and corresponding subscales. Comparison with Mpn-Saf:English: Comparison with 102 patients prospectively completing the MPN-SAF: English (ET=20, PV=N=23, MF=59) showed (when adjusting for MPN subtype) excellent correlation with all but 3 items in which the prevalence of the symptoms was similar but the severity less in the Swedish cohort (early satiety, headache and impaired quality of life). Additionally, the ranking of the prevalence of symptoms was very well correlated between both cohorts when controlling for disease type. Conclusions: The MPN-SAF: Swedish is an easy to administer, clear, 19 item inventory of patient reported outcomes that is specific to MPNs. Additionally, the instrument is validated by 1) comparison to previously validated Swedish Instruments and 2) the correlation with the MPN-SAF:English. Utilization of the instrument in Swedish MPN clinical trials will allow for useful comparison to patients completing the MPN-SAF in other countries. Disclosures: Samuelsson: Roche Sweden: Mesa: SBio: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; Roche: Research Funding; eisai: Research Funding; telik: Research Funding.
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Simon-Vandenbergen, Anne-Marie y Karin Aijmer. "The expectation marker of course in a cross-linguistic perspective". Languages in Contrast 4, n.º 1 (14 de abril de 2004): 13–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.4.1.03sim.
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The study of of course presented in this article has an applied, a descriptive and a theoretical aim. Since of course proves to be very frequent in English, learners will need to know what meanings the item has and in what pragmatic contexts it is used. It has indeed been shown that some learners tend to use of course in contexts where it is felt by native speakers to be inappropriate. In order to explain such inappropriate uses we need detailed descriptions of the semantics and pragmatics of of course. From a theoretical point of view such multifunctional items raise the question of whether semantic polysemy or pragmatic polysemy is the best explanatory account. It is argued in this paper that empirical cross-linguistic work can contribute to providing answers to all three research questions. First, the study of correspondences and differences between languages with regard to the meanings and uses of pragmatic markers is a necessary step in the explanation of learner problems. Second, the bidirectional approach to equivalents, which involves going back and forth from sources to translations, enables us to show to what extent the equivalents have partially overlapping pragmatic functions. An in-depth comparison of the semantic fields in which the translation equivalents operate is the ultimate goal. Third, the translation method helps to see to what extent a core meaning account is justified. In this paper three languages are brought into the picture, viz. English, Swedish and Dutch. The cross-linguistic data have been gathered from three translation corpora, i.e. the English-Swedish Parallel Corpus, the Oslo Multilingual Corpus and the Namur Triptic Corpus.
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Oittinen, Riitta. "Where the Wild Things Are". Meta 48, n.º 1-2 (24 de septiembre de 2003): 128–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/006962ar.
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Abstract Translating picture books is a many-splendored thing: it includes not only the relationship between the verbal and the visual (images and other elements) but also issues like reading aloud and child images. In the following, while mainly concentrating on the visual, I will deal with the other questions as well, as they all interact and influence each other. My starting point is translating as rewriting for target-language audiences – we always need to ask the crucial question: “For whom?” Hence, while writing children’s books is writing for children, translating children’s literature is translating for children. (See Hunt 1990:1, 60-64 and Oittinen 2000.) The reasons why I take such a special interest in translating picture books are twofold: cultural and national as well as individual. In Finland, we translate a lot: 70-80% of all the books published for children annually are translations. From the perspective of picture books, the number may be even higher (and 90% of the translations come from the English language; see Rättyä 2002:18-23). Moreover, being an artist and translator of picture books makes me especially keen on the visual as a translation scholar as well. As a case study, I have chosen Maurice Sendak’s classical picture book Where the Wild Things Are and its translations into German, Swedish and Finnish. At the background of my article is my book Translating for Children (2000) as well as my forthcoming book Kuvakirja kääntäjän kädessä on translating picture books. Due to copyright reasons, I only have picture examples from illustrations of my own.
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Viberg, Åke. "The lexical typological profile of Swedish mental verbs". Languages in Contrast 5, n.º 1 (30 de septiembre de 2005): 121–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.5.1.09vib.
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The lexical typological profile of a language is a crosslinguistically valid characterization of its lexical structure with particular focus on basic features which are language-specific. The paper deals with basic mental verbs in Swedish from this perspective based on data from translation corpora against the background of available information about typological patterns. A brief sketch is given of language-specific characteristics of the nuclear verb se ‘see’ which is the primary equivalent of English see but is also frequently used as an equivalent of look used as an activity verb (look at) and as a phenomenon-based verb (e.g. look happy). The extensive pattern of polysemy of the verb känna ‘feel’ is dealt with in detail and turns out to have several language-specific characteristics even in comparison with closely related languages such as German and English. Swedish veta is shown to have a more restricted extension beyond its basic meaning than its primary English equivalent know. English in this case appears to represent a more common pattern than Swedish judging from available typological data. A major section is also devoted to the semantic differentiation between the three basic verbs of thinking tänka-tro-tycka which represents one of the major language-specific characteristics of Swedish mental verbs.
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Classon Frangos, Mike. "Liv Strömquist's Fruit of Knowledge and the Gender of Comics". European Comic Art 13, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2020): 45–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/eca.2020.130104.
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The recent boom in feminist comics by Swedish artists has produced a body of work that has only recently come to the attention of English-language readers. This article focuses on the comics of Liv Strömquist, specifically Fruit of Knowledge: The Vulva vs. The Patriarchy (2018), the first of her booklength works to be published in English translation. Strömquist’s text is situated in the broader context of feminist comics, particularly the work of Julie Doucet. Drawing on Swedish sources including reviews, interviews and comics scholarship, the article examines how Strömquist uses the comics medium to challenge and re-signify dominant representations of gender, sexuality and the body.
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Carrol, Gareth, Kathy Conklin y Henrik Gyllstad. "FOUND IN TRANSLATION". Studies in Second Language Acquisition 38, n.º 3 (19 de enero de 2016): 403–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263115000492.
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Formulaic language represents a challenge to even the most proficient of language learners. Evidence is mixed as to whether native and nonnative speakers process it in a fundamentally different way, whether exposure can lead to more nativelike processing for nonnatives, and how L1 knowledge is used to aid comprehension. In this study we investigated how advanced nonnative speakers process idioms encountered in their L2. We used eye-tracking to see whether a highly proficient group of L1 Swedes showed any evidence of a formulaic processing advantage for English idioms. We also compared translations of Swedish idioms and congruent idioms (items that exist in both languages) to see how L1 knowledge is utilized during online processing. Results support the view that L1 knowledge is automatically used from the earliest stages of processing, regardless of whether sequences are congruent, and that exposure and advanced proficiency can lead to nativelike formulaic processing in the L2.
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Schulte, Rainer, Inger Enkvist y Linda Schenck. "On Translating Mario Vargas Llosa: The Novels of Mario Vargas Llosa in English, French and Swedish Translation". World Literature Today 69, n.º 1 (1995): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40150909.
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Björnsdóttir, Ingibjörg Elsa. "Vélþýðingar á íslensku og Apertium-þýðingarkerfið". Orð og tunga 18 (1 de junio de 2016): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33112/ordogtunga.18.8.
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There has been rapid development in language technology and machine translation in recent decades. There are three main types of machine translation: statistical ma-chine translation, rule-based machine translation, and example-based machine translation. In this article the Apertium machine translation system is discussed in particular. While Apertium was originally designed to translate between closely related languages, it can now handle languages that are much more different and variable in structure. Anyone can participate in the development of the Apertium system since it is an open source soft ware. Thus Apertium is one of the best options available in order to research and develop a machine translation system for Icelandic. The Apertium system has an easy-to-use interface, and it translates almost instantly from Icelandic into English or Swedish. However, the system still has certain limitations as regards vocabulary and ambiguity.
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Aili, Hans y Theodore W. Pietsch. "Peter Artedi’s Catalogue of the fishes of the Baltic Sea: an English translation with an introduction and commentary". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189, n.º 3 (23 de diciembre de 2019): 975–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz162.
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Abstract A manuscript catalogue of the fishes of the Baltic Sea, and of the rivers and lakes of Sweden, the only known original work of the Swedish ichthyologist Peter Artedi (1705‒35) by his own hand, is translated into English for the first time, and its contents assessed in light of Artedi’s contribution to the development and philosophy of Linnaean systematics. Appended accounts of Swedish cetaceans and terrestrial mammals are also discussed, as well as Artedi’s ‘principles of ichthyology’, the methodology later employed in his magnum opus, the Ichthyologia of 1738. Evidence that Artedi presented the manuscript to Sir Hans Sloane as a way to introduce himself during his visit to London in 1734 is also provided.
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Liefländer-Koistinen, Luise. "Übersetzer- und Dolmetscherausbildung in Finnland". Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics 27 (1 de noviembre de 2018): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/gl.1999.27.06.
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Translator education in Finland has been on university level since 1980. There are four Schools of Translation belonging to the University of Helsinki (Kouvola), University of Joensuu (Savonlinna), University of Tampere and University of Turku. Students have to study appr. 5 years to get the degree of Master of Arts. They usually study at least two languages - they can choose between English, Russian, German, Swedish or French as their main subject, and there is the choice between several other languages or special subjects (like: language of law, commerce, intercultural communication etc.) as a second or third subject. Finnish translators get jobs in the EU, the business sector or administration.
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Ahl, Magnus, Agneta Marcusson, Martin Ulander, Anders Magnusson, Carina Cardemil y Pernilla Larsson. "Translation and validation of the English-language instrument Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionair into Swedish". Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 79, n.º 1 (20 de mayo de 2020): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00016357.2020.1768284.
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Irvine, Ann y Chris Callison-Burch. "A Comprehensive Analysis of Bilingual Lexicon Induction". Computational Linguistics 43, n.º 2 (junio de 2017): 273–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00284.
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Bilingual lexicon induction is the task of inducing word translations from monolingual corpora in two languages. In this article we present the most comprehensive analysis of bilingual lexicon induction to date. We present experiments on a wide range of languages and data sizes. We examine translation into English from 25 foreign languages: Albanian, Azeri, Bengali, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Cebuano, Gujarati, Hindi, Hungarian, Indonesian, Latvian, Nepali, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak, Somali, Spanish, Swedish, Tamil, Telugu, Turkish, Ukrainian, Uzbek, Vietnamese, and Welsh. We analyze the behavior of bilingual lexicon induction on low-frequency words, rather than testing solely on high-frequency words, as previous research has done. Low-frequency words are more relevant to statistical machine translation, where systems typically lack translations of rare words that fall outside of their training data. We systematically explore a wide range of features and phenomena that affect the quality of the translations discovered by bilingual lexicon induction. We provide illustrative examples of the highest ranking translations for orthogonal signals of translation equivalence like contextual similarity and temporal similarity. We analyze the effects of frequency and burstiness, and the sizes of the seed bilingual dictionaries and the monolingual training corpora. Additionally, we introduce a novel discriminative approach to bilingual lexicon induction. Our discriminative model is capable of combining a wide variety of features that individually provide only weak indications of translation equivalence. When feature weights are discriminatively set, these signals produce dramatically higher translation quality than previous approaches that combined signals in an unsupervised fashion (e.g., using minimum reciprocal rank). We also directly compare our model's performance against a sophisticated generative approach, the matching canonical correlation analysis (MCCA) algorithm used by Haghighi et al. ( 2008 ). Our algorithm achieves an accuracy of 42% versus MCCA's 15%.
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Wangel, Anne-Marie y Pernilla Ouis. "Reflections on the Translation Into Arabic and Validation Process of the NorAQ Abuse Questionnaire". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, n.º 3 (18 de abril de 2016): 585–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516644595.
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The use of validated instruments and questionnaires on abuse is of great importance to evaluate and compare the prevalence in different populations worldwide. However, most of the questionnaires available and published are in English. For example, the NorVold Abuse Questionnaire (NorAQ) instrument which was used for the Bidens study in six European countries. A substantial proportion of the pregnant population in the catchment area of the clinical site in Sweden is Arabic-speaking women. As abuse and violence against women is a global concern, it is important to translate these questionnaires to other languages. This process is not just merely a matter of finding a correlating word but also needs to be validated for content and consider the wording in a linguistic and cultural context. This article gives an account of the translation and content validity process and its challenges and pitfalls from Swedish and English into the Arabic language version.
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Horberg, Niklas, Ioannis Kouros, Lisa Ekselius y Mia Ramklint. "The Swedish version of the Sheehan Disability Scale - a valid and brief measure of functioning". European Journal for Person Centered Healthcare 4, n.º 1 (24 de junio de 2016): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/ejpch.v4i1.1075.
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Rationale, aims and objective: The Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) is a brief instrument used to measure functional disability, but the Swedish translation has not been psychometrically evaluated. The aim of this paper is to test the psychometric properties of the Swedish translation and to further examine concurrent and external validity.Method: In this cross-sectional study, 160 young psychiatric patients from an open care unit in Sweden, were recruited based on a clinical diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Bipolar Disorder (BD) and/or Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and re-diagnosed for confirmation. Participants were interviewed concerning socio-demographic data and a socio-demographic index (SDI) was constructed. Reliability of SDS was measured as internal consistency and an exploratory factor analysis was performed. Level of functioning was measured by SDS scores and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). SDS, both self-assessed and expert rated and GAF scores were compared to measure concurrent validity, while SDS and the SDI were compared to measure external validity.Results: The Swedish SDS had a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.77. An exploratory factor analysis showed that the SDS-items loaded on a single factor with an eigenvalue of 2.06. Self-assessed SDS-scores correlated with expert rated GAF-scores (r = -0.606) and, to some extent, with SDI scores (r = 0.280). Patients with an SDI score ≥ 1 had higher SDS-scores (t=2.70, p=0.008).Conclusions: The Swedish SDS has similar psychometric properties as the English and Spanish versions. It showed both concurrent and external validity, but external validity was weaker
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Tenngart, Paul. "Local Labour, Cosmopolitan Toil". Journal of World Literature 1, n.º 4 (2016): 484–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24056480-00104001.
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In the renowned and epoch-making working-class novels from the Swedish 1930s, claims for social and economic justice reflect a local struggle with distinctly national and cosmopolitan significance. Generally, these novels can be described as having local characters and settings, national narrative perspectives, and cosmopolitan plots, but a closer look reveals a much more varied picture. There is, in fact, no general tendency of geo-cultural dynamics in this historically distinct literary current. When the novels are translated into English, however, a more distinct pattern occurs: regional embeddedness is considerably weakened in the translation process, leaving room for much stronger national ties and a more extensive cosmopolitan significance.
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Troy, Maria Holmgren. "Dealing with the Uncanny? Cultural Adaptation in Matt Reeves’s Vampire Movie Let Me In". American Studies in Scandinavia 48, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2016): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/asca.v48i1.5359.
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The aim of this article is to examine cultural adaptation and uncanny potential in Matt Reeves’s vampire movie Let Me In (2010), which is an adaptation of John Ajvide Lindqvist’s vampire novel Låt den rätte komma in (2004) – in English translation, Let the Right One In (2007) – and the Swedish film adaptation (2008), for which Lindqvist wrote the screenplay. The article draws on Linda Hutcheon’s theoretical account of “transculturating” and “transcultural adaptations” as well as on different discussions of the uncanny. My analysis establishes that both films evoke the uncanny by introducing horror into the familiar and ordinary as represented by the geographical setting; however, it also shows that there are significant ideological differences between the American film and the Swedish film and novel concerning gender and sexuality, particularly related to the two central figures of the boy and the vampire, but also in relationships that can be regarded as part of the general social and cultural setting. In short, gender-bending and sexual ambiguities, in addition to the uncanny aspects of the human protagonist, are omitted in the American version. In these respects, Reeves’s adaptation is less complex, less uncanny, and much more ideologically conservative than the Swedish versions.
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Bodin, Helena. "Heterographics as a Literary Device". Journal of World Literature 3, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2018): 196–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24056480-00302005.
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Abstract Heterographics (“other lettering”) refers to the use of two scripts in one text or a translation of a text from one script to another. How might the occasional use of heterographics in literary texts highlight issues of cultural diversity? Drawing on intermedial theory and studies of literary multilingualism, literary translation, and pluriliteracies, this article examines various functions of heterographics in selected contemporary literary texts. Examples of embedded Greek, Chinese, Cyrillic, and Arabic script are analysed in works published in Swedish, French, and English between 2004 and 2015, selected because they thematise cultural diversity and linguistic boundaries. The conclusion is that heterographic devices emphasise the heteromediality of literary texts, thereby heightening readers’ awareness of the visual-spatial features of literary texts, as well as of the materiality of scripts. Heterographics influence readers’ experiences of cultural affinity or alterity, that is, of inclusion or exclusion, depending on their access to practices of pluriliteracies.
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Wangdahl, Josefin M., Karuna Dahlberg, Maria Jaensson y Ulrica Nilsson. "Psychometric validation of Swedish and Arabic versions of two health literacy questionnaires, eHEALS and HLS-EU-Q16, for use in a Swedish context: a study protocol". BMJ Open 9, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2019): e029668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029668.
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IntroductionEquity in health and access to healthcare regardless of gender, ethnicity or social position is a major political issue worldwide. Regardless of an individual’s knowledge, motivation and competence, individuals are expected to be engaged and take responsibility of their own care. Migrants have been identified as a vulnerable population in healthcare, and an explanation for the inequity in health and in healthcare is limited health literacy. Furthermore, with increasing digitalisation in healthcare, it also puts demand on the individual to have digital or electronic health (eHealth) literacy.The overall aim of this study is to conduct a psychometric evaluation of the Swedish and Arabic versions of HLS-EU-Q16 and eHEALS and to compare Arabic and Swedish speakers’ Health literacy and eHealth literacy levels in Sweden.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective, psychometric evaluation study with the intent of including 300 Arabic-speaking and 300 Swedish-speaking participants. Questionnaires: The Health Literacy Survey European Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q16) includes 16 items measuring perceived personal skills of finding, understanding, judging and applying health information to maintain and improve their health. The eHealth literacy scale (eHEALS) is an 8-item scale measuring health literacy skills in relation to online information and applications.This study will be conducted in four phases. Phase 1: Translation of HLS-EU-Q16 and eHEALS from English to Swedish and Arabic versions following the principles of translation of questionnaires. Phase 2: Content validity testing of eHEALS, including face validity and interpretability, conducted with five Arabic and five Swedish-speaking participants. Phase 3: Psychometric testing including construct validity, reliability, feasibility and floor ceiling effects. Phase 4: Distribution and comparison of eHealth and HLS-EU-Q16 analysed with χ2and Fisher’s exact test as appropriate. To assess associations between HLS-EU-Q16, eHEALS and demographic variables, binary logistic regression analyses will be performed.Ethics and disseminationThe project has been approved by the regional ethical review board in Stockholm, Sweden (2019/5:1) and will follow the principles outlined in the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Results from this study will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals, scientific conferences and social media.
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Vanhove, Jan y Raphael Berthele. "The lifespan development of cognate guessing skills in an unknown related language". International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 53, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2015): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iral-2015-0001.
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AbstractThis study investigates the lifespan development of the ability to correctly guess the meaning of foreign-language words with known translation-equivalent cognates. It also aims to identify the cognitive and linguistic factors driving this development. To this end, 159 German-speaking Swiss participants aged 10 to 86 were asked to translate 45 written and 45 spoken isolated Swedish words with German, English or French cognates. In addition, they were administered an English language test, a German vocabulary test as well as fluid intelligence and working memory tests. Cognate guessing skills were found to improve into young adulthood, but whereas they show additional increases in the written modality throughout adulthood, they start to decrease from age 50 onwards for spoken stimuli. Congruently with these findings, L1 vocabulary knowledge is a stronger predictor of written cognate guessing success, whereas fluid intelligence is the most important predictor in the spoken modality. Raw data and computer code used for the analyses are freely available online.
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Nilsson, Stefan, Joakim Ohlen, Eva Hessman y Margareta Brännström. "Paediatric palliative care: a systematic review". BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care 10, n.º 2 (13 de diciembre de 2019): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2019-001934.
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ObjectivesTo review literature relating to evidence, context and facilitation to describe knowledge translation in paediatric palliative care. Paediatric palliative care requires competences including both paediatric specialists as well as services that are developed for this purpose, and there is a need to facilitate paediatric palliative care knowledge translation. Promoting Action on Research Implementation in the Health Services (PARiHS) is a framework for knowledge translation, which highlights the relationships between evidence, context and facilitation. PARiHS framework has been revised and updated in a new version called i-PARiHS.MethodsThe electronic databases AgeLine, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus were searched. Papers included were limited to English and Swedish publications and restricted to publications dated between 1993 and August 2019. All types of observational and experimental studies using any research design were included.Results and conclusionsThirty-eight articles were included and there was a common vision about how and when palliative care should be offered to children. The i-PARiHS was used as a lens to describe the knowledge translation in paediatric palliative care. Symptom relief was the most commonly described evidence-based strategy, and the hospital environment was the most commonly described context. Different types of education were the most commonly used strategies to facilitate knowledge translation. The results mainly focused on increasing knowledge of palliative care in paediatric care. To sum up, the results report strategies to achieve knowledge translation of paediatric palliative care, and these can be interpreted as a guideline for how this process can be facilitated.Trial registration numberCRD42018100663.
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Tonkin, Humphrey. "Chaos in Esperanto-Land". Language Problems and Language Planning 35, n.º 2 (12 de octubre de 2011): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.35.2.04ton.
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The Holocaust had a profound effect on the Esperanto movement. Many of the leading members of the Esperanto language community perished, and some survived. Recent years have seen a revival of interest in those who died and those who lived. Among the dead were most of the family of L. L. Zamenhof, author of Esperanto. Among the survivors was the father of the financier George Soros, Tivadar Soros, whose memoir of survival in Nazi-occupied Budapest, written originally in Esperanto and published in 1965, was published in English translation in the year 2000. An important player in the effort to protect the Jews of Budapest was the Esperantist Valdemar Langlet, of Sweden, whose memoir of his experiences was adapted and published, first in Swedish, then in Esperanto, by Nina Langlet, his widow. In 2003, Zofia Banet-Fornalowa published a memorial volume for six Esperantist victims of the Holocaust. Among other relatively recent Holocaust-related books in Esperanto are a translation of Imre Kértesz’s novel Fateless and a biography of Tilla Durieux.
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Tiedemann, Jörg. "Can bilingual word alignment improve monolingual phrasal term extraction?" Terminology 7, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2001): 199–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.7.2.05tie.
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This paper focuses on the improvement of statistically-extracted phrase lists by applying word alignment approaches to bitext. Such phrase lists serve several tasks such as the compilation of terminology or translation databases. Our investigations are based on the assumption that word alignment favors well-formed phrase structures rather than irregular text segments. If this is the case, word alignment will filter out irregular structures from automatically generated phrase lists. As a result, an improved phrase list, in terms of precision, may be compiled. Furthermore, word alignment approaches can be used to identify additional multi-word units, e.g. multi-word cognates. Our investigations are focused on a Swedish/English text corpus that has been aligned with the Uppsala Word Aligner (UWA). Finally, we describe and apply three approaches to evaluate the automatically generated phrase lists: an evaluation by comparing results with existing reference data (prior reference), an evaluation against given syntactic patterns (prior reference patterns), and a manual evaluation of sample data (posterior reference). The evaluations of the extraction of phrasal terms in English substantiate the assumption: precision has improved significantly with little loss in recall.
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Kristinsson, Ari Páll y Amanda Hilmarsson-Dunn. "Unequal language rights in the Nordic language community". Language Problems and Language Planning 36, n.º 3 (7 de diciembre de 2012): 222–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.36.3.02kri.
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The aim of this paper is to show the implications of using the notion of ‘common culture’ as a basis for a communication policy across language boundaries. There are eight different national languages in the Nordic area, from Greenland in the west to Finland in the east, from Sápmi — the traditional territories of the Sami people in Northern Scandinavia — in the north to Denmark in the south. Additionally, a dozen traditional minority languages and some two hundred immigrant languages are spoken in the area. Despite this linguistic diversity, a ‘Declaration on a Nordic Language Policy,’ signed in 2006 by ministers of education in the Nordic countries, recommends using one of the three ‘Scandinavian’ languages (Danish, Norwegian, or Swedish) for communication across language boundaries throughout the Nordic area, rather than using translation and interpretation, or speaking in English — which is common practice despite official policies. Moreover, recent empirical research indicates that there is good reason to seriously doubt that using a Scandinavian language is a practical communication solution for the Nordic peoples. For example, Greenlanders have poor skills in understanding Swedish. Similarly, Finnish-speaking Finns have poor skills in understanding Danish. Official Nordic language policy is based on an ideology of a common culture rather than linguistic practice. Thus, it appears that communication problems are seen as less important than the prevailing ideas of perceived common Nordic (linguistic) culture.
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Solová, Regina. "Traduction – représentation – exploitation". Między Oryginałem a Przekładem 25, n.º 45 (26 de agosto de 2019): 139–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/moap.25.2019.45.07.
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Translation – Representation – Exploitation. The Polish Events of 1980-1981 in the Magazine Polska: czasopismo ilustrowane
The magazine Polska: czasopismo ilustrowane was created to present the cultural, economic and social events of People’s Poland to foreign readers. The Polish original of the monthly and its western editions (German, English, Spanish, French, and – until June 1981 – Swedish) were produced by the services of the Polish Agency Interpress, responsible for the publication and foreign dissemination of the magazine in accordance with the objectives of state propaganda.The aim of this contribution is to examine how the Polish events of 1980-1981 were represented in the monthly, taking into account that the propaganda policies of the communist countries used to vary depending on both the socio-political events and the target audience. The analysis of a selection of texts from the Polish edition (the translations faithfully imitated the original) published between August 1980 and November 1981 shows that the representation of the Polish thaw (the strikes, the creation of the trade union “Solidarity”, and the authorities’ reaction) was dominated by the pro-government point of view, and that the liberalization of the editorial line lasted for only four months. The exploitation of the magazine for propaganda purposes was more important than the desire to adapt it to the intended audience.
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Karlsson, Elias, Inga-Marie Hübner, Daniela Haluza y Magnus Falk. "Validation of SEPI in German—A German Translation of the Sun Exposure and Protection Index". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n.º 17 (25 de agosto de 2020): 6172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176172.
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The Sun Exposure and Protection Index (SEPI) is a brief instrument for scoring of sun exposure habits and propensity to increase sun protection, previously validated in English and in Swedish, as well as in two different outdoor sun intensity environments (Australia and Northern Europe). The aim of the present study was to study reliability and validity of a German translated version of the SEPI to be used in German-speaking populations. Data was collected at University of Flensburg and at Hamburg University of Applied Sciences from November 2018 to April 2019. Participants (n = 205) filled out the SEPI and also a selection of corresponding questions from the Austrian Vienna UV Questionnaire in German. After three weeks, the participants filled out the SEPI once again in order to assess test–retest stability. Of the 205 participants completing the baseline questionnaire, 135 participants completed it once again after three weeks. Internal consistency, by Cronbach’s alpha, for the baseline responses was 0.70 (95% C.I: 0.63–0.76) for SEPI part 1 (sun exposure habits) and 0.72 (95% C.I: 0.66–0.78) for part 2 (propensity to increase sun protection). Test–retest stability was high, with weighted Kappa >0.6 for all items but one, and the instrument correlated well with the previously validated German-language UV Skin Risk Survey Questionnaire. In conclusion, the German version of SEPI can reliably be used for mapping of individual sun exposure patterns.
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Franks, Jeremy. "Christopher Henrik Braad (1728-81) and his extracts in 1760 from the Surat Capuchins' mission diary that they had kept since the 1650s. An Introduction". Journal of Early Modern History 13, n.º 6 (2009): 435–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138537809x12574724196576.
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AbstractMade in Surat, India, in 1760, these extracts from a confidential diary kept in French by a Capuchin mission there since the 1650s are presented in a 21st-century translation into English. Beginning when Aurangzeb became the Mughal emperor, they record nearly a century of significant events while the mission survived as the city declined. The manuscript of extracts, held by Uppsala University, is the only known evidence of the diary's existence. C.H. Braad (1728-81), a senior trader for the Swedish East India Company when he made the extracts, was a Stockholm-born Lutheran. The Catholic Capuchins' trust that he, alone of countless Europeans in Surat, would keep the diary secret—as he did to the end of his life—is good reason for relying on his accuracy. The introduction provides a context for the extracts by drawing on his extensive, still unpublished writings about India: Surat in 1750-51, Bengal in the mid 1750s and his autobiography from 1781 for this and his voyages in the Indian Ocean.
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Viberg, Åke. "What happens in translation? A comparison of original and translated texts containing verbs meaning SIT, STAND and LIE in the English-Swedish Parallel Corpus (ESPC)1". Nordic Journal of English Studies 15, n.º 3 (20 de septiembre de 2016): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.35360/njes.378.
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Van Eijnatten, Frans M. "Computers and the psychosocial work environment. Gunilla Bradley, Taylor & Francis, London-New York-Philadelphia, 1989. No. of pages xiii + 254. English translation from Swedish by Struan Robertson". Journal of Organizational Behavior 11, n.º 3 (mayo de 1990): 243–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.4030110307.
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Nurmi, Arja y Marja Kivilehto. "Identifying Obligation in Legal Finnish and Swedish through English Translations: A Corpus-Assisted Approach". Fachsprache 41, n.º 3-4 (25 de octubre de 2019): 142–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/fs.v41i3-4.1731.
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Even though deontic modality is one central feature of statutory texts, codifying obligation, the descriptions of obligation in Finnish legal texts are still few. This corpus-assisted study of Finnish statutory texts has an innovative approach in using English translations as a starting point for identifying the linguistic forms obligation takes in Finnish statutory texts. Beyond describing Finnish deontic modality, we look at ways it has been translated into legally valid Swedish statutes, paying special attention on existing instructions for translators. The results show that, in addition to explicitly modal expressions, Finnish statutory texts express obligation frequently using the present indicative. In Swedish, there is a range of options, but there, too, the use of the present indicative is common. Based on this study, using English translations to identify such cases for further study is a viable option. The results of the study can be applied in translator training as well as in the work of legal translators.
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Меліса Грабовач y Капранов Олександр. "Syntactic Complexity at the Intermediate Level in EFL Writing by Early Balanced Bilinguals". East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 3, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2016): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/eejpl.2016.3.1.gra.
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The present article involves an empirical psycholinguistic study aimed at examining syntactic complexity in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) by early balanced Bosnian/Swedish bilingual EFL learners. 15 early balanced bilingual Bosnian/Swedish EFL learners were recruited for the study and matched with their respective control groups of intermediate EFL learners (15 speakers of Bosnian as their first language (L1) and 15 speakers of Swedish as their L1). The experimental task involved an unprepared writing assignment in English about the most significant invention of the 20th century. The corpus of the participants’ written assignments was analysed in L2 Syntactic Complexity Analyzer and SPSS software programs respectively. Data analysis involved measures of syntactical complexity. It has been found that the participants’ written assignments are characterised by statistically significant number of T-units scores in comparison with the Swedish L1 monolingual controls. These findings are further presented and discussed in the article.
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Váradi, Melinda. "A tumormarker-kutatás rövid története. A PSA, mint legismertebb urológiai tumormarker felfedezésének története". Kaleidoscope history 11, n.º 22 (2021): 538–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17107/kh.2021.22.538-546.
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There are a number of tumour markers available today enabling the early detection of malignancies thus saving the lives of many thousands of people worldwide. By definition, tumour markers are substances in tissues, blood, bone marrow or other body fluids that appear in cancer patients’ samples or are present at significantly elevated levels compared to normal conditions. The first marker of malignant disease in modern medicine was identified in 1846 by the English physician-chemist Henry Bence-Jones. Yet, at that time, of course, he was not aware that the protein (named as Bence-Jones) he discovered, was a pathogenic indicator of multiple myeloma. The classic era of tumour markers started in the 1960s with the discovery of two leading oncofetal antigens, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). AFP was published in 1944 by Swedish scientist Kai O. Pedersen, while the discovery of CEA is associated with two Canadian physicians, Phil Gold and Samuel O. Freedman. One of the most widely known tumour markers indicating prostate cancer is the prostate-specific antigen or PSA. The discovery of PSA as a clinically useful marker of prostate cancer and its translation into clinical practice can be attributed to Ming C. Wang, who described the molecule in 1979. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved PSA in 1986 as a molecule for monitoring the disease, and in 1994 it licenced the measuring of PSA levels as a screening test, thus facilitating the early detection of prostate cancer and enabling more effective treatment.
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Blomberg, Frida y Carl Öberg. "Swedish and English word ratings of imageability, familiarity and age of acquisition are highly correlated". Nordic Journal of Linguistics 38, n.º 3 (12 de noviembre de 2015): 351–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586515000220.
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At present, there is no comprehensive psycholinguistic database containing Swedish words with ratings of word properties such as e.g. imageability, although researchers carrying out psycholinguistic studies in Swedish face the need to be able to control for and systematically vary such properties. The present study addressed this issue by investigating the possibility of transferring English word ratings to Swedish.Imageability,familiarityandage of acquisition(AoA) ratings were obtained for a sample of Swedish words (N = 99). These ratings were then compared with the corresponding English ratings from the Medical Research Council (MRC) Psycholinguistic Database (Coltheart 1981) using Spearman correlation. Swedish and English word ratings were found to be highly correlated for imageability and AoA, and moderately correlated for familiarity. Following these results, we suggest that, in general, ratings of these variables can be reliably transferred between the two languages, although some caution should be taken, since for some individual words, some ratings might differ substantially for their Swedish and English translations.
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Herriman, Jennifer. "Existential constructions in English and Swedish". Languages in Contrast 12, n.º 2 (29 de octubre de 2012): 165–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.12.2.03her.
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Existential constructions introduce newsworthy information into the discourse by placing it in a position of prominence late in the message, in the Rheme. This study compares existential constructions in a sample of English and Swedish source texts and their translations in the English Swedish Parallel Corpus. The Swedish sample contains a slightly higher number of existential constructions. About two thirds are translated into or from existential constructions in the other language. The remaining correspondences differ somewhat in terms of where they place the newsworthy content presented by the notional subject in the existential construction. In English, this is often placed in the Theme. In Swedish, in contrast, this is usually avoided, either by fronting another clause element or by realizing the content as a complement or verb, which is placed in the Rheme. These findings provide further empirical evidence for the claim that Swedish follows the information principle more closely than English.
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Viberg, Åke. "Asking and answering: A contrastive study of English and Swedish basic communication verbs". Linguistics Beyond and Within (LingBaW) 2 (30 de diciembre de 2016): 180–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/lingbaw.5646.
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This article presents a contrastive study of the English verbs ask and answer and their Swedish correspondents based on data from the English Swedish Parallel Corpus (ESPC), which is bi-directional and contains Swedish and English original texts and their corresponding translations. As a background, a short overview is given of Verbal Communication Verbs (VCVs) in general with brief discussions of speech act theory (Searle), direct and reported speech and conceptual frames (FrameNet) and their syntactic realizations. The contrastive study is concerned with networks of polysemy and the relationships of various senses with differing syntactic realizations across languages. The senses of ask are primarily distributed between two verbs in Swedish: fråga ‘ask a question’ and be ‘request (politely)’ but even some verbs with more specific meanings are involved. The concept of answering forms a conceptual network which is similar in English and Swedish but contrasts with respect to the way meanings are divided up between various verbs. English has a number of verbs such as answer, reply, respond, correspond, retort and rejoin, whereas Swedish to a great extent relies on one verb (svara) and its morphological derivations: besvara, ansvara, motsvara, försvara. In the Conclusion, pedagogical applications of the study are briefly discussed.