Tesis sobre el tema "Taux de change – Europe"
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Vanelle, Valérie. "Stabilisation des taux de change et commerce européen". Bordeaux 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR40017.
Texto completoSince the collapse ofbretton woods system, the impact of exchange rate volatility on international trade flows has been widely researched. However, few studies analysed whether exchange rate stabilization, achieved through the exchange rate mechanism of the ems, led to an increase in european trade (as it is often argued). The debate became topical again with the ems crisis in the early 1990s. In this study, we attempt not only to evaluate precisely the impact of exchange rate volatility on trade but we also examine whether stabilization is a better alternative. In the first part, we show that it is important to distinguish between short term and long term volatility. A survey of the empirical and theoretical literature leads us to conclude that there is a negative and statistically significant link between exchange rate volatility and trade, even though it is rather weak. The important problem of the measure of exchange rate volatility is examined. An econometric analysis, which focuses on european countries and long term volatility, is also conducted. In the second part, factors, susceptible of reducing this negative relation, are identified (the concept of pricing to market, the use of forward markets, the diversification of activities). Not only do they explain the weakness of the empirical relation but they also cast doubt on the utility itself of exchange rate stabilization. Finally, we examine the cost of stabilization for ems member countries. Internally, it could be expressed as a transfer of volatility to other countries' macroeconomic variables, detrimental impact on growth or as a specific exchange risk in this type of system. Externally, the positive impact on trade between ems members might generate a negative impact on trade between ems countries and the rest of the world which is ruled by floating exchange rates. A brief study of the impact of emu on Euro/Dollar volatility is also conducted
Egert, Balazs. "Le taux de change réel dans la transition des pays d'Europe centrale et orientale : aspects théoriques et empiriques". Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100079.
Texto completoFirst, we study the Balassa-Samuelson effect in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. We use time series and panel cointegration techniques and show that the BS effect works reasonably well in the transition economies under study during the period from 1991:Q1 to 2001:Q2. However, we find that productivity growth does not fully translate into price increases because of the construction of the CPI indexes. We therefore argue that productivity growth won't hinder meeting the Maastricht criterion on inflation in the medium term. In addition, the observed appreciation of the CPI-deflated real exchange rate is found to be systematically higer compared with the real appreciation the Balassa-Samuelson effect could justify. .
Sénégas, Marc-Alexandre. "Convergence des taux d'inflation et crises de change : enjeux et contraintes de la transition vers l'union économique et monétaire européenne". Bordeaux 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR40025.
Texto completoThis work regards the occurrence of the 1992-1993 exchange rate crises as a product of the modalities of the transition towards european economic and monetary union. It considers that the requirements of inflation convergence have contribued to exchange rate instability in europe. The structure of the thesis rests upon four chapters. The first two deal with the empirical assessment of two experiences (the first one concerns the united states in early xixth century. The second one refers to the realignments in the european exchange rate mechanism). On the basis of the results we draw from the latter , we set a theoretical framework with game theoretic elements to put an emphasis on the consistency problems between the convergence requirements and the constraints induced by an asymmetric fixed exchange rate regime on monetary policy. These difficulties have influenced the disciplinary performances as well as its stabilisation properties
Pham, Thuy Vân. "Ancrage nominal du taux de change et coûts de la désinflation : une estimation économétrique". Paris 1, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00198619.
Texto completoStanoeva, Guergana. "Régimes de change et performances économiques des pays d'Europe centrale et orientale". Bordeaux 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR40039.
Texto completoPham, Thuy Van. "Ancrage nominal du taux de change et coûts de la désinflation : une estimation économétrique". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00198619.
Texto completoEllis, Joseph Michael. "Flat Tax Revolution?: Policy Change and Policy Diffusion in Eastern Europe". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/94739.
Texto completoPh.D.
Why have Eastern European states adopted flat tax policies? That is what this dissertation answers. This is a curious development given that flat tax policies were noticeably absent from the landscape of most of the world, including Eastern Europe. Fives cases of adoption are examined, including Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. I argue that two simultaneous processes occur in Eastern Europe that makes adoption viable. First, at the domestic level, the idea of the flat tax is held in esteem by a number of actors, specifically: elite carriers, tax and financial ministers, think tanks and right-wing political parties. They champion this idea to its adoption, or at the least, introduce the flat tax into the policy-making apparatus. Second, at the international level, policy diffusion of the flat tax is taking place. In other words, the experience of previous adopters impacts the decisions of future adopters. Examining both cognitive heuristics theory and rational learning I argue that there are "varieties of diffusion" during the diffusion of the flat tax. Additionally, though this dissertation concerns itself primarily with adoption, I also investigate two cases of non-adoption in Poland and Hungary. What is argued is "diffusion without adoption" occurs. The idea of the flat tax diffused, but the adoption was not politically, ideologically, and economically feasible.
Temple University--Theses
Pansard, Fabrice. "Théorie et applications des zones cibles : le cas du système monétaire européen". Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE0010.
Texto completoRazafindrabe, Tovonony. "« Pass-through » du taux de change et politique monétaire : application pour la zone Euro". Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100035.
Texto completoThe thesis explores the transmission of exchange rate movements into import prices, the phenomenon known as “exchange rate pass-through”. This phenomenon is at the heart of open macroeconomics. For policy makers, it is an important issue when making appropriate decisions in terms of economic policy (in particular monetary policy and exchange rate regime). Analysis of the exchange rate pass-through is conducted using unpublished micro-data of import prices made available to us by the French National Institute of Statistics and Economic studies (INSEE) and new database of actual import price data, and not unit value indices, for several Euro-area countries. Using different both empirical and theoretical approaches, we provide some new stylized facts on import prices and show evidence in favor of incomplete pass-through in the short run but complete at the long run. Mainly, we argue that incomplete pass-through is the result of nominal import price rigidity. Moreover, we show the important role of the currency invoicing strategy of firms in determining the extent of exchange rate pass-through. In terms of monetary policy, we argue using a multi-country DSGE model, that nominal rigidity induces a persistent but lower impact of the exchange rate changes on import price inflation, which combined with the home consumption bias imply that the monetary authority could pursue a stable inflation target with less action. This is reinforced by the trade-off between output and law of one price gap stabilization generated by the new independent channel of monetary policy arising from incomplete ERPT assumption
Hervé, Karine. "Une nouvelle approche du taux de change d'équilibre à partir des équations du commerce extérieur : une application aux grands pays industrialisés et aux nouveaux états membres de l'Union européenne". Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA131022.
Texto completoThe purpose of this PhD thesis is to estimate the equilibrium exchange rates for the major industrialised countries (the United States, the euro area, Japan and the United Kingdom) and the new Member States of the European Union (EU). Drawing on a critical analysis of the literature on equilibrium exchange rates, we focus on the approach based on trade equations and enrich it. The contribution of the thesis is both empirical and methodological. First, we develop a computation method that aims to adhere to the bilateral exchange rate constraint and minimise the gap between the target rates set ex ante and those observed ex post. Second, we estimate external trade elasticities that take due account of the long-term country asymmetries and of the specificities of the aggregated euro area. Third, we analyse and quantify the impact of current account balances on equilibrium exchange rates, using an application on the new EU Member States. We derive from this computation an analysis that highlights the large misalignments experienced by the nominal exchange rates of major currencies, which reflect the magnitude of the current account imbalances in these economies. The huge current account deficit of the United States has resulted in particular in a high overvaluation of the dollar. As far as the new EU Member States are concerned, the risks stemming from a rapid integration in the euro area should be highlighted. It seems therefore all the more appropriate that these countries keep some leeway with respect to their fiscal and current imbalances, given their huge financing needs
Guerreiro, David. "La convergence au sein d’une union monétaire : approches par la dynamique des prix et le taux de change d’équilibre". Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100133/document.
Texto completoThis thesis analyses the convergence among a monetary union through the price dynamics and the equilibrium exchange rates. In the first chapter we introduce the main characteristics of the monetary areas, as well as the history of those under study: the EMU and the CFA franc zone. The second chapter deals with the price convergence inside the Eurozone via smooth transition regressions. This process is non-linear, and adjustment speeds are dissimilar depending on the countries. It is explained by the differences in the evolution of price competitiveness, labor market rigidities, but also specialization patterns. The third chapter investigates the validity of the absolute Purchasing Power Parity within EMU thanks to second and third generation panel unit root and cointegration tests. On the whole, price dynamics seems to be heterogeneous and depends on the EMU period and group countries considered. The fourth chapter links external disequilibria to the sovereign debt crisis experienced by EMU since 2009. We exhibit that when a country belonging to a monetary union faces an external disequilibrium relative to its main partner, the interest rates spread tends to increase. Moreover, when these disequilibria are persistent, they may trigger a balance of payments crisis. Finally, the last chapter pays attention to the permanence of CFA franc zone. By comparing the latter to a sample of other Sub-Saharan African countries, we evidence that the CFA franc zone has fostered external and internal balances, facilitated adjustments in the zone as a whole, as well as in each of its member, even if it does not fulfill the optimality criteria. This suggests that the union is sustainable
Alaimi, Mohamed. "Théorie des zones cibles de change et crédibilité du système monétaire européen". Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020030.
Texto completoBéhar, Céline. "Crédibilité de la politique monétaire : du concept à l'empirisme". Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010057.
Texto completoDuring the past decade, there has been a significant shift in attitude by many authorities of industrialized contries toward the objectives and the conduct of monetary policy. The new policy was deliberately made public and the opinion was that monetary and, specially stabilisation policy, is more effective if it is credible for private economic agents. The most general interpretation of credibility is "the extent to which beliefs about current and future course of economic policy are consistent with the program originally announced by policy makers", that is time inconsistency (Kydland and Prescott (1977)). The plan of the study is as follow. First part reviews some important concept of game theory, describes models with different asumption on information and discusses some empirical results. Second part is a research of the credibility of the French-Deutsche mark exchange rate using kalman filtering and target zone theory
Mounoussamy, Julie. "Fondements théoriques et empiriques des crises monétaires". Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0026.
Texto completoMonetary crises are the first financial crises in economic history, which result in the elimination or substitution of national currencies. The aim of this thesis is to study the theoretical and empirical foundations of monetary crises. Furthermore, a framework for the prevention of such crises, raging in the Euro zone since 2008, is provided. The current economic and political debates about this issue reflect the persistence and the extent of this crisis, in which the Euro's legitimacy and sovereignty is threatened in the medium term. The various rescue plans and austerity policies in troubled member states are direct consequences and costs of this crisis. Consequently, supervisory authorities need to be more vigilant in strengthening their prevention policy. The purpose of this thesis is twofold: in the first part, we analyze the concept, the historical and theoretical foundations of monetary crises, and then develop a typology of them. In the second part, we provide an empirical contribution on the determinants of monetary crises in the euro area and propose a tool for preventing currency crises by setting up an Early Warning System, through the econometric approach of the multinomial logit model. As the primary indicator of monetary crises, the detection and measurement of real exchange rate misalignments within the euro area is decisive. The equilibrium exchange rates estimation allows the assessment of currency over- or undervaluation, which is essential for the implementation of an early warning system
Gérard, Marc. "Economic catching-up and monetary integration of Central and Eastern European countries". Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100021.
Texto completoThis research investigates the challenges of price level catching-up for macroeconomic stability in Central and Eastern European transition countries seeking to enter the Euro area. In this respect, an equilibrium real exchange rate model suggests that the process of real appreciation observed along economic catching-up in these countries can be ascribed to different relative price developments, depending on the exchange rate regime, as exemplified by contrasted external debt trajectories. In flexible exchange rate economies, the increase in the nominal exchange rate fosters an endogenous appreciation of the terms of trade in the medium run, by channelling foreign direct investment and associated productivity gains to the exposed sector of the economy, thus appreciating the equilibrium real exchange rate and strengthening the current account over time. In fixed exchange rate economies, positive valuation effects associated with the increase in domestic relative prices tend to divert investment to the sheltered sector, thus undermining external competitiveness and bringing about higher external debt. Furthermore, monetary integration entails specific risks for macroeconomic stability in catching-up economies, because it implies a process of rapid convergence in the financing conditions across member States, which takes place as soon as the perspective of accession to the common monetary area appears credible. A dynamic, rational expectations model shows that the appreciation of the nominal exchange rate becomes crucial to curtail the economic overheating triggered by the demand shock associated with financial convergence. By contrast, diminishing country risk premia under fixed exchange rate regimes are likely to cause ‘boom bust’ cycles, with an increase in external indebtedness followed by deflationary developments once in the monetary union
Jadoui, Mohammed. "Taux d'interet et taux de change valorisation d'options". Evry-Val d'Essonne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EVRY0016.
Texto completoVan, Peteghem Didier. "La Grande-Bretagne et l'Union monétaire européenne : l'expérience du SME". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999IEPP0004.
Texto completoDoes the fact that the pound was not accepted in the EMS (October 5th, September 16 th) mean that the British economy cannot join the EMU in the near future ? Our answer is negative. We can't blame the economic structure of Great-Britain for that failure. The participation in the EMS was not a challenge doomed to failure but an legitimate ambition insufficiently prepared resting on a serious misunderstanding. The failure of this attempt is mainly due to a lack of credibility in this new monetary policy
Zarrad, Olfa. "Le taux de change de l'euro". Grenoble 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE21038.
Texto completoFor the countries of the euro zone, does the unicity of the nominal exchange rates compared with other currencies go with a differentiation of their effects ? If so, how can we analyse this differentiation ? Is it able to cause divergences affecting the soutenability of this area ? This work is organized as follows: a first part devoted to the study of the euro exchange rate in an aggregate point of view, and a second one devoted to the analysis of the differentiated effects of the euro exchange rate on national economies. Our outcome of the first part reveals no relationship of cointegration between the euro -dollar and the "fundamentals" This result allows us to assume that these economies are not exposed to a problem of aggregation. It is then necessary to make a comparative analysis of the effects of these exchange rates on the national economies. Although the members of the euro zone are sharing the same nominal variables, their sensibility to a same exchange rate depends on their opening degree and the composition of their trade. There is thus a divergence of the real effective exchange rates. But in another side, these variations of the real effective exchange rate compensate the inflation gaps within the euro zone. For that, we make an original use of the indicators of monetary conditions (IMC) to compare the situation of several members of the euro zone. The real effective exchange rates have a compensatory effect. Under the present conditions, we think that these differences are not dangerous for the soutenability of the euro zone
Lahrèche-Révil, Amina. "Taux de change réel et développement". Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010008.
Texto completoThe real exchange rate is analysed as a catalyst of economic development. The notion of real exchange rate is exposed in the preamble. Equilibrium long term real exchange rates are studied in the first chapter, and their usefulness and relevance in the second chapter. Chapter 3 examines the balassa-samuleson effect, using detailed price data; it is shown that the prices of tradable goods rise with economic development, and that the currencies of developing coutrnies are more and more undervalued vis-a-vis those of industriblised countries, due to the pegging of these currencies to the us dollar. The second part offers an explanation to this pegging behavior, suggesting that the real exchange rate is a determinant of growth. After presenting the different (internal and external) engines of growth (chapter 4), a model of endogenous growth including an underdevelopment trap is proposed, where the real exchange rate can foster growth (chapter 5). In chapter 6, an empirical test of the model is successfully performed|
Preumont, Pierre-Yves. "La dynamique des taux de change". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211603.
Texto completoAflouk, Nabil. "Régimes de change, taux de change d'équilibre et croissance économique". Paris 13, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA131016.
Texto completoBaulant, Camille. "Taux de change réels, niveaux d'industrialisation et normes de change". Paris 10, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA100047.
Texto completoThe economic crisis of the last twenty years displays large fluctuations of exchange rates. Analyzing real exchange rates (nominal exchange rates divided by inflation rates) is a requirement to understand misalignements. First, a theory of real exchange rate must be elaborated and linked to well known foundations in international economics. However, the purchasing power parity is inadequate to explain real exchange rates changes in the long run. The Ricardian theory of international trade is more relevant. To apply this theory, i develop two models of real exchange-rate determination and compute several indicators of real exchange rate : gnp, value added in manufacturing. I run regressions on both models. The first one is estimaded with overall data and yields the following results : in the long run, the real exchange rate is rising with the relative level of development ; in the short run, the real exchange rate is a decreasing function of the country's growth rate. The second one is estimated with industrial data. The real exchange rate still depends upon overall growth differential but also on structural variables in the manufacturing sector : an index of industry specialization and the share of wages in value added
Malka, Bruno. "Choix et défense d'un taux de change". Paris 9, 1986. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1986PA090058.
Texto completoMorvillier, Florian. "Taux de change d’équilibre et déséquilibres macroéconomiques". Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100030.
Texto completoThis thesis aims to study the dynamics and determinants of the exchange rate, paying particular attention to the link between internal and external imbalances. The first chapter examines the effect of the euro adoption on the vulnerability of the current account to demand and exchange rate misalignments shocks. Our results show that, with the adoption of the single currency, the vulnerability of the current account to demand shocks and exchange rate misalignments increases considerably. The second chapter of the thesis provides an in-depth analysis of the robustness of the Balassa Samuelson (BS) effect for a panel of 38 developing and emerging economies over the period 1980-2016. We examine the internal and external versions of the BS hypothesis based on five different measures. We show that the internal version of the BS effect is validated only if the labour productivity differential between tradable and non-tradable sectors is used. We also find a robust effect of the relative price of non-traded to traded goods on the real effective exchange rate (REER). The third chapter studies the non-linear effects of infrastructure on the REER by estimating a Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) model, aiming to highlight a differentiated impact of infrastructure on the REER depending on the value taken by a transition variable. We consider three different transition variables: the telecommunications stock per 1000 workers, the Electricity Generating Capacity (EGC) per 1000 workers and the quality of the electricity network. When the network is not completed or the infrastructure stock is low, an increase in EGC and telecommunications stock depreciates the REER, while the additional depreciation is lower or non-existent once the network is established. The results obtained are discussed in the light of several transmission channels
Keller, Stefan. "Analyse comparative des taux d'intérêts européens : marchés de capitaux et banque centrale". Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010072.
Texto completoGhadban, Socrat. "Le taux de change et la demande touristique". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00937271.
Texto completoLarrain, Ríos Guillermo. "Taux de change réel, politique budgétaire et industrialisation". Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0120.
Texto completoThis thesies studies the properties of the non interventionist approach to development and the role of budget policies. Chile is a good case study. We broaden the industrialisation model by Murphy et al (1989) by opening the economy. Firms can finance the investment needed to change technology thanks to a real depreciation followed by an appreciation. This approach has limits. We consider the determinants of the real exchange rate beyond bydgetary policies. We focus hence on the role of public services and public investment. Industrialisation may appear in this non interventionist approach. Budget policy must be contractive initially, but expansionary afterwards. The obstacles to this approach suggest that industrialisation may be delayed relative to a well designed microeconomic policy
Omrani, Walid. "Dynamique des taux de change et mémoire longue". Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100034.
Texto completoThe objective of this thesis is double. The first objective is modelling the complex dynamics that governs daily returns of exchange rates of the G7 as well as their conditional volatilities. We will try to propose an econometric model able to take account of a long memory component simultaneously in the conditional mean and a second component long memory in the equation of the conditional volatility. The second objective of this thesis is to show the superiority of the approach based on long memory processes in relation to the linear approach, vis-a-vis of the survey of the efficiency theory to the weak sense. It is also about putting in evidence the importance of the modelling of the conditional variance and his/her/its contribution to this theory. The second objective of this thesis is to show the superiority of the approach based on processes to long memory in relation to the linear approach, vis-a-vis of the survey of the efficiency theory. Also, we show the importance of the modelling of the conditional variance and its contribution to this theory
Sopraseuth, Thepthida. "Dynamique du taux de change et fluctuations internationale". Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010054.
Texto completoMouradian, Florence. "Exposition au taux de change et stratégies d'entreprises". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED006/document.
Texto completoThis thesis follows a dual objective. First, it aims to summarize previous evidence on the magnitude and channels underpinning a non-financial firm’s operating exposure, i.e. the extent to which currency fluctuations can alter a company's future operating cash flow, and to provide new highlights on the heterogeneity of this exposure across firms. Second, this thesis investigates the product and production strategies that are appropriate for coping with the economic consequences of exchange rate changes on firms’ operating profits. Since the range of these strategies is large, it focuses on providing theoretical and empirical evidence for the strategy of up-market positioning
Agbe, Akate. "Taux de change et souveraineté économique : le taux de change comme instrument de politique économique dans les pays satellites des zones monétaires". Dijon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989DIJOE001.
Texto completoThis thesis is a critical analysis of the theories and methods of the exchange rate fixing and its use as an instrument of economic policy in satellite countries of monetary areas. It also analyses to what extent existing monetary areas are involved in trade. In the present monetary system, countries are neither free to fix their exchange rates nor to control their own currencies. Maintaining the independance and sovereignty of countries is an indispensable condition for any reform of the international monetary system in the present international environment. The use of a national currency in the world is the main defect of international means of payment. National currency can garantee valid means of payment between countries. Current monetary areas (franc area, sterling area) can only lead to the economic development of underdeveloped countries when they are reformed. The sole solution to end with the disorder in the present system of international means of payment is the creation of a real supranational currency which could be the only efficient international means of payment. The same principle can be applied for a group of countries such as the group of the west african monetary union with the creation of a monetary area which would quarantee their collective autonomy and would preserve their sovereignty. .
Jeong, Se-Eun. "Régime de change et taux de change d'équilibre des pays d'Asie de l'Est". Paris 13, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA131006.
Texto completoThis thesis treats the choice of exchange rate regimes of East Asian countries in the era of free movement of international capital. We recommend intermediate exchange regimes, relatively little volatile and stable around equilibrium exchange rates, and regional cooperative solution. We estimate equilibrium exchange rates for currencies of Japan, China and South Korea over 1980-2000 by using a multinational model describing external trade of these countries with the United States, Euroland and the rest of the world. For another East Asian countries (Taiwan, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia) a simplified model is used for each of them and articulated with results of multinational model. The Fundamental Equilibrium Exchange Rates developed by Williamson was adopted as theoretical frame of reference. The overvaluation of yen and undervaluation of yuan after 1997-98 Asian financial crises are remarkable results of our simulations
Felix, Jean Michel. "Modèles empiriques de prévision du taux de change canadien". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28325/28325.pdf.
Texto completoDuval, Romain. "Déterminants de long terme des taux de change réels". Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010019.
Texto completoPantoja, Marina. "Taux de change et commerce : étude de droit international". Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100154.
Texto completoThe relation between currency and trade, and the impact that the exchange rate can have on International Trade Law enables heated arguments. The Havana Charter calls for the non-use of the devaluation of the exchange rate as commercial weapon. GATT has, among its articles, those addressing issues regarding exchange rates. However, this topic raises controversies, especially concerning the applicability of the WTO agreements as a commercial remedy against currencies’ anticompetitive devaluation. On the other hand, the IMF, an institution created under the Bretton Woods Agreement, is the competent body to deal with international financial issues and its article IV rules on its duty to monitor its Member States exchange rate policies, in order to avoid obtaining anti-competitive advantages among their means of trade. The two organizations working jointly in an orderly manner to accomplish their objectives of an overall world economic growth and it is from this perception that harmonization between WTO’s legal guidance and IMF’s directives must be implemented. And as such, the prime goal for global governance for the benefit of all shall become a reality
Ben, Youssef Emma. "De la détermination des taux de change : un examen empirique de la partie du franc français contre le deutschemark". Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010001.
Texto completoOur main purpose was to examine the exchange rate determination, with a particular attention to the french franc deutschmark rate. After a review ot the different approaches to the exchange rate determination, we used the vector autoregressive methodology for the conduct of our empirical analysis of the frf dm parity, over the 1971-1989 period, on the basis of monthly data. Our result was that the monetary interpretation of the exchange rate determination prevails in the explanation of the frf dm behaviour in between 1971 and 1989
Doan, Thi Hong Thinh. "Taux de chang réel et démographie". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1086.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to characterise the behaviour of the real exchange rate, when it is confronted by shocks to the supply and demand of fundamentals. It disregards monetary phenomena, in order to focus on totally real factors.Chapters I and II of this thesis highlight the relationship between productivity and real exchange rate. The main results are as follows: productivity growth does not systematically produce real appreciation, contrary to the BS prediction. Household savings behaviour, population growth rate difference, and the ratio of qualified to unqualified workers in the economy affect the real exchange rate / productivity relationship. These first two chapters provide a response to the current literature concerning, in certain cases, the invalidity of the Balassa-Samuelson theory.Chapter III describes in considerable detail, both theoretically and empirically, the relationship between the real exchange rate and demographics. The theoretical framework makes it possible to detect the impact of demographics on the real exchange rate. The econometric tests confirm that a long-term relationship exists between demographics and the real exchange rate.Finally, the three chapters I, II and III reveal two significant determinants of the real exchange rate: demographics and productivity.Chapter IV studies the causality existing between three variables: the real exchange rate, productivity, and demographics. The results show that there is indeed a strong degree of causality between these variables, with a long-term return towards real exchange rate and productivity
Jeudy, Raphaël. "La transmission de la politique monétaire aux taux bancaires en Europe. Sa dynamique et sa détermination vues au travers de modèles univariés et multivariés". Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100051/document.
Texto completoThe thesis is an econometrics analysis of the pass-through of policy rates and money market rates on retail interest rates in Europe. In a first place, the aim is to find heterogeneities or likeness in pass-through dynamics in the Euro area since the 90s: common structural breaks or convergences of the pass-through process in error correction models. The analysis of asymmetric dynamics with the use of threshold models as been done to underline the evolution of sign and size effects. In a second place, the analysis focuses on the determinants of the pass-through levels and speeds with the use of econometrics panel. Finally, the analysis is done on the yield curve transmission of the monetary policy rates with multivariate models (VAR,SVAR, VECM)
Mestrot, Jean-Paul. "Déficits publics - taux d'intérêt - taux de change : un essai de dépassement de la controverse des années 80". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010023.
Texto completoThe purpose of this thesis is to establish whether the financial integration can stop the internal, crowdingout effect and, so, whether the autonomy of the budget policy can be increased in the seven major countries. The theorical conclusions are well known but they lead to numerous empirical controversies. So, we attempt to determine if the international financial integration replaces the rise of the interest rates by an appreciation of the domestic currency. Besides, to study the interest of the financial integration for the public policy, we must estimate the new transmission channels of the public deficit impact created by the capital flows. We show that the relationship between budget deficit and interest rates can't be broken by the external financing because of two mechanisms. First, the monetary policy targets are threatened by the budget expansion. So, the central bank is forced to rise the short term interest rates. In addition, the innovations on the public deficits cause a financial volatility which produces a risk premium. The interest of the financial integration for the budget policy autonomy is limited by two supplementary channels. First, budget policy has a current account target which acts as a constraint on the budget deficit movements. Second, the domestic currency appreciation seems to cause a decrease in consumption and, in some countries, a decline of the investment rate
Roumégous, Emmanuelle. "Régimes de change et détermination du taux de change dans les pays en développement". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF10001.
Texto completoGharbi, Hanen. "Les taux de change gérés : fondements théoriques et bilan empirique". Paris 9, 2011. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2011PA090072.
Texto completoMicu, Marian. "Le contenu informationnel des options sur les taux de change". Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010006.
Texto completoRey-Valette, Hélène. "Essai sur les monnaies internationales et les taux de change". Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0105.
Texto completoThe thesis consists of four essays dealing with the geography of currencies and the impact of currency internationalisation and currency substitution on the real economy. It introduces a new way of modelling currencies: the framework used is intermediate between the walrasian world and the completely decentralised environment of search models. The first chapter links real trade flows and patterns of currency use on foreign exchange markets in a general equilibrium framework. It is shown that the magnitude and symmetry of trade links determine which of the world currencies becomes a vehicle. The long-lasting international role of sterling as vehicle currency is explained, as well as its displacement by the dollar after the second world war. The second chapter focuses on the links between medium of exchange and store of value. It shows how, in an inflationary environment, the dollarisation of an economy occurs, as domestic financial markets become shallower. This in turn drives up the currency's velocity of circulation and the price level. In such an economy, seigniorage and velocity are hysteretic. The third chapter assesses the potential of the euro to become a competitor for the dollar as an international currency. Several scenarios are considered, and rough magnitudes of the seigniorage and efficiency gains that would accrue to the euro area are estimated. The fourth chapter studies the effect of macroeconomic instability (in particular inflationary environments) on the performance of firms in some transition economies. We have transplanted the same businesses, described by their balance sheets, into different macroeconomic environments. Our results show a big disparity in cash flows depending in particular on the input-output structures of the companies considered
Bénassy-Quéré, Agnès. "Détermination des taux de change dans un modèle macroéconomique multinational". Paris 9, 1992. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1992PA090012.
Texto completoWe study interactions between exchange rates and the real economy. The aim is to understand how, in a multicounty model, the behavior of economies is affected by exchange rate adjustment. There is little evidence for exchange rate theories. However, tests themselves are questionable. Expectations play a central part in exchange rate models. The semi-rational assumption seems to be the most suited to a large macroeconomic model, for reasons of consistency, computation and stability. Opinion models are more realistic, but hardly consistent and often destabilizing. The properties of a financially-integrated model rely also on the design of the monetary policy and of capital flows. Turning to the empirical side, structural portfolio models prove out to be unstable when econometric estimates are used, even with a stabilizing specification for interest rates. Nevertheless, we choose this approach for its explicit description of arbitrages. But restrictions are imposed in order not to destabilize the mimosa model. Interest rates follow reaction functions. Mimosa's properties are largely modified when endogenous interest rates and exchange rates are introduced. Simulations are in line with theoretical results, with a few differences due to the real model features and to the variety of devices included
Stemitsiotis, Loukas. "Parité de pouvoir d'achat et taux de change de référence". Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010020.
Texto completoThe purpose of thisthesis is to define macroeconomic equilibrium exchange rates, given the interdependent nature of the industrial economies. First we consider the rates implied by the purchasing power parity theory and test its validity. Our results reject this theory in both its absolute and relative version. Second, we try to explain deviations from P. P. P. Using long-term relationships and taking into account structural variables of the economies. The real exchange rate is proved to be positively related to the level of real income per capita, to relative productivity, to tha quality of trade specialization, and to the relative saging rate. Third, we propose two models in order to establish medium-term equilibrium exchange rates. The first one is based on the principle of proportionnal distribution of world disequilibria between countries. The second one refers to a balanced trade account, which in turn is determined by differencies in growth rates and price competitiveness. Equilibrium exchange rates resulting from these models can be used as reference values in the framework of international management of the exchange rates of the major industrial countries
Liang, Zhicheng. "Taux de change réel et répartition des revenus en Chine". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF10365.
Texto completoThe present dissertation investigates the relationship between real exchange rate, income inequality and rural poverty in China. We attempt to answer two principal questions: (i) to what extent will the variation of real exchange rate affect income inequality in China? (ii) how will the variation of real exchange rate impact the evolving pattern of China’s rural poverty? For this purpose, the present dissertation is organized into four chapters. Chapter One reviews the evolution of China’s exchange rate regime, by taking into consideration the fast-Changing international situations as well as the internal economic, political and institutional conditions of this country. Chapter Two describes the changing pattern of income inequality and the evolution of rural poverty in China. It is observed that since 1978 China has achieved remarkable progress in the alleviation of poverty, which has been accompanied, however, by rising inequalities. In addition, there is growing evidence that the variation of real exchange rate plays an important role in affecting China’s distribution of income. Chapter Three provides a theoretical analysis on the linkage between real exchange rate and income distribution. Such an linkage has been shown to be complex, involving various transmission channels (direct and indirect). Finally, with the help of panel data at provincial level, Chapter Four empirically estimates the nexus between real exchange rate, income inequality and rural poverty in China. The econometric results show that the real appreciation of the Chinese currency significantly contributes to the reduction of income inequality and the alleviation of rural poverty in post-Reform China
Guermazi-Bouassida, Sana. "Le choix du régime de change et taux de change réel : cas de la Tunisie". Paris 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA020026.
Texto completoBellando, Raphaëlle. "Analyse et enjeux des anticipations de taux de change : une appréciation à partir de données d'enquête". Orléans, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ORLE0001.
Texto completoThis work consists of an analysis of exchange rate expectations using survey data. Both the efficiency hypothesis and the rational bubbles theory are dealt with. We also make a review of the empirical works published on these topics. In the second part, we study the dollar expectations in the 80's using survey data. Our point is to show that the rationality is not accepted, that their performances are very poor, and that their relationship with fundamental variables hardly exists at all. In addition, we point to an obvious improvement of the expectation performances, as well as a better relationship with economic variables after 1985, with the renewed intervention of the monetary authorities on the dollar market
Namur, Dominique. "Détermination, couverture et valorisation du risque sur le marché des changes". Paris 13, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA131001.
Texto completoThis work unifies the varied approaches of international assets pricing in continuous time and precises in what way they hold. The central model bear simultaneously stochastic investment and consumption opportunities set, deviations from ppp, random domestic inflation, no riskless rate and cash. Equilibrium relations are derived also few proportional relations between individual and market portfolio. The proposed interpretations of optimal portfolio explain passive and active exchange strategies and generalize theoretical foundations of portfolio balances approach. Some simplified cases lead to usual models. In the most general case, four components of risk premium are isolated which two connected with exchange rates. We propose a general method to hedge exchange risk when riskless rate is away. Two empirical works are proposed: the first is a long term approach and characterize exchange risk for thirty last years from french investor viewpoint. The second determine optimal strategies founded exclusively upon valorization of daily exchange risk since 1987 and test the assumption of stability of international returns covariance matrix
Bresson, Georges. "Prévision des cours de change, surajustement et offre de monnaie". Paris 12, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA122013.
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