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Kim, Raymond E., Lance T. Uradomo, Grace E. Kim, John D. Morris, Eric M. Goldberg y Peter E. Darwin. "The Effect of Fluoroscopy Control on Cannulation Rate and Fluoroscopy Time in Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Training". Korean Journal of Pancreas and Biliary Tract 26, n.º 1 (31 de enero de 2021): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15279/kpba.2021.26.1.43.
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Background/Aim: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) training requires varying degrees of staff assistance regarding operation of the fluoroscopy machine via a foot pedal. Efficiency is important to acquire during this training due to radiation risks. In this study, we evaluate the effect of controlling endoscopy and fluoroscopy unit on duct cannulation rates (CRs) and total fluoroscopy time (FT) for fellows in training.Methods: 204 patients undergoing ERCP were randomized to one of two groups: 1) “Endoscopist Driven” group in which the endoscopist controlled the foot pedal for fluoroscopy, and 2) “Assistant Driven” group in which attending or fellow controlled the foot pedal while the other team member controlled the endoscope. Various measures including selective duct CR and total FT were recorded.Results: There was no significant difference in mean procedure duration between the two groups (32 minutes vs. 33 minutes, <i>p</i>=0.70). There was also no statistically significant difference in CR (83.7% vs. 77.4%, <i>p</i>=0.25) or FT (3.27 minutes vs. 3.54 minutes, <i>p</i>=0.48).Conclusions: ERCP is a technically challenging procedure which requires extensive supervision. This study demonstrates that CR and FT are not affected by who controls the fluoroscopy.
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Srivastava, Manish, Prakhar Singh, Sandeep Verma y Prince Singh. "Power Flow Control in Transmission Line by Using UPFC". International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management 4, n.º 4 (28 de abril de 2021): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47607/ijresm.2021.670.
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The power transfer capacity of electrical transmission lines is typically constrained by the capacity of large signals. Economic considerations such as the high cost of long lines and the income from the supply of additional power make it possible to pursue both economically and technically viable ways to increase the stability cap intensively. On the other hand, the production of efficient ways to use the full thermal capacity of transmission systems. The power industry has already begun to be affected by fast development in the field of power electronics. This is one direct consequence of the idea of aspects of FACTS, which has become possible due to the progress realized in power electronic devices. In theory, the FACTS devices can provide rapid control of real and Var power through transmission line. The UPFC is a FACTS family member with very appealing characteristics. Many parameters can be independently controlled by this unit. An alternative means of minimizing transmission system oscillations is given by this unit. The choice of input signals and the adopted control strategy for this system in order to dampen power oscillations in an efficient and robust manner are an important issue. In order to achieve the maximum desire effect in solving the first swing stability problem, the UPFC parameters can be regulated. In bulky power transmission systems with long transmission lines, this problem arises. A MATLAB Simulink Model with UPFC to test the efficiency of the electrical transmission system is considered in this paper. The main purpose of this analysis paper is to research different studies performed in the past to minimize UPFC transmission line losses.
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Anwar, Muhammad Naveed, Muhammad Khizar Hayat, Zunnoor Ahmad, Mawara Iftikhar y Mohammad Ahmed Arsalan Khan. "Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) profile of a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar: indications, procedures, and complications". Journal of Rehman Medical Institute 6, n.º 2 (10 de julio de 2020): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.52442/jrmi.v6i2.177.
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Introduction: Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP), being a useful though technically demanding diagnostic and therapeutic procedure to evaluate and treat diseases of biliary and pancreatic ducts is dependent in large part for its success on the skill of the operator.
Objective: To determine the indications, procedures performed and success rate of ERCP at a tertiary care center of Peshawar.
Materials & Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the Endoscopy Unit of Rehman Medical Institute (RMI) from January 2020 to April 2020 using universal sampling technique. All ERCP procedures done in the endoscopy unit from January 2019 to December 2019 were included in the study regardless of their age, gender, ethnicity or presenting complains. Any ERCP that did not have complete data were excluded from the study. Data were collected in a structured Performa. Data were analyzed in Microsoft Excel for descriptive statistics.
Results: A total of 161 ERCP procedures were performed during the study duration, of which 84(52.2%) were in males while 77(47.82%) were in females; the mean age was 54.82 ± 15.83 years. Biliary Stent placement (51.6%) was the most commonly performed procedure followed by Biliary Stone extraction (22.4%). Failed ERCP accounted for 30(18.6%) cases. The main indication for ERCP was Obstructive Jaundice (65.8%) followed by Common Bile duct (CBD) stones (42.9%). The least common indication was Dilated Intrahepatic Duct (1.86%). Only 4 cases of minor bleeding were observed during the procedure which were controlled during the procedures. No major complications have been seen on follow-up.
Conclusion: Obstructive Jaundice is major contributor to ERCP’s being performed. It is a relatively safe procedure in the hands of an experienced operator.
Keywords: Obstructive Jaundice; Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography; Gallstones; Pancreatic Duct.
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Smith, JK, AG Acheson, JAD Simpson, J. Stewart, IJ Beckingham, CB Gornall, JP Williams, MH Robinson y CA Maxwell-Armstrong. "From Small Acorns – Developing a Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgical Service". Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 90, n.º 7 (octubre de 2008): 606–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588408x318110.
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INTRODUCTION Randomised controlled trials have shown that laparoscopic colorectal surgery is equal in terms of safety to open surgery. Benefits have been seen for length of stay, blood loss, immune suppression and analgesia requirements. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and feasibility of introducing laparoscopic colorectal surgery to our unit. PATIENTS AND METHODS Prospectively collected cases of all patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery between July 2003 and July 2007 were reviewed. RESULTS A total of 143 patients (75 males and 68 females) with amean age of 65.8 years (range, 21–95 years) underwent surgery. Laparoscopic resection for colorectal malignancy was performed in 93 patients (65%). The conversion rate for all cases was 14.7%. Mean operative time was 203 min (range, 100–400 min), with amean blood loss of 180 ml. The mean number of lymph nodes in malignant cases was 13.8 with clear resection margin in all but one case. The mean postoperative stay was 5.6 days (median, 4 days; range, 2–35 days). UKCCR standard for lymph node retrieval was achieved in 62.6% of cases. There were four postoperative deaths. The overall 30-day morbidity rate was 21.7%. The service is consultant-led with 9.8% of cases performed by senior trainees and 37% of procedures performed by two consultants. CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic colorectal surgery is technically feasible and safe in our hands. Although operative time is longer, this is counterbalanced by shorter hospital stay. The results from this series support the findings of others and continuing development of this service.
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Gross, Daniel Jonathan, Michael C. Smith, Bardiya Zangbar-Sabegh, Kenneth Chao, Erin Chang, Leon Boudourakis, Muthukumar Muthusamy, Valery Roudnitsky y Tim Schwartz. "Challenge of uncontrolled enteroatmospheric fistulas". Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open 4, n.º 1 (diciembre de 2019): e000381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tsaco-2019-000381.
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IntroductionWith the popularization of damage control surgery and the use of the open abdomen, a new permutation of fistula arose; the enteroatmospheric fistula (EAF), an opening of exposed intestine spilling uncontrollably into the peritoneal cavity. EAF is the most devastating complication of the open abdomen. We describe and analyze a single institution’s experience in controlling high-output EAFs in patients with peritonitis.MethodsWe analyzed 189 consecutive procedures to achieve and maintain definitive control of 24 EAFs in 13 patients between 2006 and 2017. EAFs followed surgery for either trauma (seven patients) or non-traumatic abdominal conditions (six patients). All procedures were mapped onto an operative timeline and analyzed for: success in achieving definitive control, number of reoperations, and feasibility of bedside procedures in the surgical intensive care unit. The end point was controlled enteric drainage through a healed abdominal wound.ResultsThere was a mean delay of 8.5 days (range 2–46 days) from the index operation until the EAF was identified. Most EAFs required several attempts (mean: 2.7 per patient, range 1–7) until definitive control was achieved. Multiple reoperations were then required to maintain control (mean: 13). While the most effective techniques were endoscopic (1) and proximal diversion (1), these were applicable only in select circumstances. A ‘floating stoma’ where the fistula edges are sutured to an opening in a temporary closure device, while technically effective, required multiple reoperations. Tube drainage through a negative pressure dressing (tube vac) required the most maintenance usually through bedside procedures. Primary closure almost always failed. Twelve of the 13 patients survived.ConclusionAn EAF is a highly complex surgical challenge. Successful source control of the potentially lethal ongoing peritonitis requires tenacity and tactical flexibility. The appropriate control technique is often found by trial and error and must be creatively tailored to the individual circumstances of the patient.
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Roth, Martin M. "CCD spectrophotometry of extended PN: Observations at Wendelstein Observatory". Symposium - International Astronomical Union 180 (1997): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900130955.
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Most of the existing flux data on galactic PN is based on measurements with scanners or photoelectric aperture photometers. Also, true global fluxes are not even available for many PNe in lines other than Hβ, and one has to rely on line intensities which have been derived from slit spectrometers. For extended, low surface brightness objects all of these instruments are not appropriate to derive reliable fluxes (see e.g. remark on NGC 7293 by O'Dell, this conference). As part of a PhD thesis a dedicated CCD camera for the Wendelstein Observatory 0.8m telescope has been developed (Roth 1990, 1993), optimized for flux-calibrated imaging through narrow-band interference filters with bandpasses down to 8å FWHM and a thermal control unit for central wavelength tuning. As a test, nebular and central star fluxes have been measured for NGC 2392, NGC 3242, NGC4361, and NGC 6210 in Hβ, HeII 4686, [OIII] 5007, and a continuum passband. The results for these bright objects are in agreement with the best references as compiled from the literature. A detailed comparison shows that the spatial extent of the nebula is now always considered correctly, based on the CCD image information and the curve-of-growth convergence of the surface photometry. The central star photometry is largely improved, in particular for high surface brightness PNe. Another advantage (which however was not important for the test objects here) is the technically easy removal of disturbing field stars within the radius of a faint, extended nebula. The use of very narrow bandwidth, thermally controlled filters proved to be beneficial in substantially reducing the sky and nebular continuum background contribution. From the nebular and central star fluxes, Zanstra temperatures have been derived. The cause of the observed Zanstra discrepancy (which is in accordance with several other determinations for the investigated objects) cannot be attributed to observational uncertainties. From the discussion of Unified NLTE model atmospheres (Gabler et al. 1991) and model fits to the central stars of NGC2392, NGC3242, NGC4361 (Méndez et al. 1988), and NGC6210 (McCarthy et al. 1990) the most likely explanation is a combination of two effects: EUV excess over currently predicted central star flux distributions, and leakage of UV photons from the nebula (see also Méndez et al. 1992).
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Kumar, Prakash y Dheeraj Kumar Palwalia. "Decentralized Autonomous Hybrid Renewable Power Generation". Journal of Renewable Energy 2015 (2015): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/856075.
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Power extension of grid to isolated regions is associated with technical and economical issues. It has encouraged exploration and exploitation of decentralized power generation using renewable energy sources (RES). RES based power generation involves uncertain availability of power source round the clock. This problem has been overcome to certain extent by installing appropriate integrated energy storage unit (ESU). This paper presents technical review of hybrid wind and photovoltaic (PV) generation in standalone mode. Associated components like converters, storage unit, controllers, and optimization techniques affect overall generation. Wind and PV energy are readily available, omnipresent, and expected to contribute major future energy market. It can serve to overcome global warming problem arising due to emissions in fossil fuel based thermal generation units. This paper includes the study of progressive development of standalone renewable generation units based on wind and PV microgrids.
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MacLeod, C. D., H. L. Doyle y K. I. Currie. "Technical Note: Maximising accuracy and minimising cost of a potentiometrically regulated ocean acidification simulation system". Biogeosciences 12, n.º 3 (5 de febrero de 2015): 713–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-713-2015.
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Abstract. This article describes a potentiometric ocean acidification simulation system which automatically regulates pH through the injection of 100% CO2 gas into temperature-controlled seawater. The system is ideally suited to long-term experimental studies of the effect of acidification on biological processes involving small-bodied (10–20 mm) calcifying or non-calcifying organisms. Using hobbyist-grade equipment, the system was constructed for approximately USD 1200 per treatment unit (tank, pH regulation apparatus, chiller, pump/filter unit). An overall tolerance of ±0.05 pHT units (SD) was achieved over 90 days in two acidified treatments (7.60 and 7.40) at 12 °C using glass electrodes calibrated with synthetic seawater buffers, thereby preventing liquid junction error. The performance of the system was validated through the independent calculation of pHT (12 °C) using dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity data taken from discrete acidified seawater samples. The system was used to compare the shell growth of the marine gastropod Zeacumantus subcarinatus infected with the trematode parasite Maritrema novaezealandensis with that of uninfected snails at pH levels of 7.4, 7.6, and 8.1.
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MacLeod, C. D., H. L. Doyle y K. I. Currie. "Technical Note: Maximising accuracy and minimising cost of a potentiometrically regulated ocean acidification simulation system". Biogeosciences Discussions 11, n.º 5 (28 de mayo de 2014): 7659–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-7659-2014.
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Abstract. This article describes a potentiometric ocean acidification simulation system which automatically regulates pH through the injection of 100% CO2 gas into temperature-controlled seawater. The system is ideally suited to long-term experimental studies of the effect of acidification on biological processes involving small-bodied (10–20 mm) calcifying or non-calcifying organisms. Using hobbyist grade equipment, the system was constructed for approximately USD 1200 per treatment unit (tank, pH regulation apparatus, chiller, pump/filter unit). An overall accuracy of ±0.05 pHT units (SD) was achieved over 90 days in two acidified treatments (7.60 and 7.40) at 12 °C using glass electrodes calibrated with salt water buffers, thereby preventing liquid junction error. The accuracy of the system was validated through the independent calculation of pHT (12 °C) using dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (AT) data taken from discrete acidified seawater samples. The system was used to compare the shell growth of the marine gastropod Zeacumantus subcarinatus infected with the trematode parasite Maritrema novaezealandensis with that of uninfected snails, at pH levels of 7.4, 7.6, and 8.1.
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Dvortsevoy, Alexander y Ilya Tikhonov. "Impact Analysis of Excessive Fuel Consumption on Technical and Economic Performance of Coal-Fired Co-Generation Units". Applied Mechanics and Materials 792 (septiembre de 2015): 433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.792.433.
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The study sets the objective of overall overrun fuel separation into two components. The first one depends on changes in the electric load of the power unit. The second component is influenced by changes of the power unit controlled parameters. The separation leads to the adjustment of technical and economic performance of the power plant unit. These indicators show both the efficiency of the power unit and the overall plant.
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Matyash, Yu I. y I. A. Gadzhiev. "Development of an onboard monitoring device for freight car shock-absorbing device’s technical condition". Vestnik of the Railway Research Institute 78, n.º 4 (25 de noviembre de 2019): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2019-78-4-218-226.
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Good technical condition of rolling stock is an important consideration for increasing safety in train traffi c. Safety is the state’s priority in the development and modernization of the railroad industry. The goal of this study is to develop an onboard monitoring device for a freight car’s shock-absorbing device’s technical condition. This justifi es the need to control the serviceability of the unit and the urgency to equip freight cars with onboard monitoring systems. The following tasks were set and resolved: collection and analysis of information on the dynamics of changes in the number of faults of freight cars serviced at the sites of the current uncoupling repair of Russian companies from 2008 to 2018; study the expediency of the primary control of serviceability of different units of the freight car; collection and analysis of information including statistical data, scientifi c publications, and thesis on the effect of a failed shock-absorbing device on other units of the freight car and reduction of the train’s overall traffi c safety. The study enabled development and manufacturing of a mockup onboard monitoring device freight car shock-absorbing device’s technical condition, with its functional capabilities described. To increase the diagnostics accuracy, technology defi ning failure criteria of the controlled unit and reduction of its operation effectiveness is developed. The main recommendations for using the proposed onboard device are also provided. The principal advantages of the device are underlined and reasons for freight rolling stock owners to equip their cars with the developed system are advanced.
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Messaoud, Mayouf y Bakhti Haddi. "Optimum Parametric Identification of a Stand-Alone Photovoltaic System with Battery Storage and Optimization Controller Using Averaging Approach". Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 54, n.º 1 (28 de febrero de 2021): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.540108.
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The dimensioning of photovoltaic systems is the major concern of researchers and power industry practitioners. This aims to improve energy efficiency and protect the conversion units by a consistent assessment of power conditioning circuits and interconnections for the PV application. In this context, this paper sets out to fulfill detailed modeling and control steps of a standalone photovoltaic (PV) power system with energy storage, according to practical specifications of the load, PV generation unit, and battery pack. The main goal is to estimate all unknown parameters, as the diode ideality factor and revers saturation current, the controller, and the PV link. The PV link interfacing the PV source circuit to the PV-side converter (PVSC) provides a filtering function to maintain a steady voltage at the link. The charge controller used in the PV-side converter is a DC/DC buck converter. It transfers the PV power to the battery and supplies the load. Using pulse- width modulation (PWM) technical, of which the switching duty cycle is the control-input variable; the PVSC power-conditioning circuit is permanently controlled by the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm to achieve the maximum energy. The battery pack voltage is properly maintained by the charge controller and specified to match the load voltage rating, to avoid a high ratio of voltage conversion. A method is proposed to integrate both the MPPT function and the battery cycle charge. The PV generator output and the power conditioning circuits, mainly constructed from switching- mode power converters, are nonlinear. An averaged model is then derived for dynamic analysis and controller synthesis, using the state-space averaging and linearization method. A PV array of nine PV modules configured into three strings is used in this application to demonstrate the effectiveness of modeling, design, control, and simulation. Simulation model for the controller and power interface is built and developed in short term, using the fundamental blocks of Matlab Simulink.
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Han, Jian Bing. "Design of a PLC-Based Engineering Training Unit". Advanced Materials Research 983 (junio de 2014): 440–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.983.440.
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The handling unit based on PLC is composed of seven motors, Programmable Logic Controller, touch panel, sensor and so on, The unit controls the bucket to move up and down, left and right with seven motors, and back and forth and regulates the speed of motor movement with speed regulators, complete the material transport, the touch panel help realize the manual and full-automatic control of motor and the switching between manual and automatic modes. The handling unit based on PLC for strengthening the operating ability in college or junior technical personnel are of great help.
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Sapaev, Khushnud, Shukhrat Umarov y Islombek Abdullabekov. "Research energy and resource saving operating modes of the pump unit". E3S Web of Conferences 216 (2020): 01150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021601150.
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The article presents the results of the study of operating modes of pumping stations as a set of all its elements. In this case, the water-lifting pumping station was considered as a class of turbomachines functioning in the systems of machine water-lifting. The development of new technical solutions for the creation of controlled systems of electric drives is proposed that most fully takes into account the specific features of the mutual influence of hydraulic and electromechanical modes and methods of influencing the technological process.
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Offner, Damien y Anne-Marie Musset. "An Evaluation of Two Systems for the Management of the Microbiological Quality of Water in Dental Unit Waterlines: Hygowater® and IGN Calbénium®". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 10 (20 de mayo de 2021): 5477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105477.
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Water in dental unit waterlines (DUWL) represents a risk for vulnerable patients if its microbiological quality is not controlled. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate two systems for its management under real conditions: Hygowater® and IGN Calbenium®. Samples of the output water of DUWL were obtained for 5 previously contaminated units connected to Hygowater®, and 5 non-contaminated units connected to IGN Calbenium®, which was already effective for more than 1 year, as a control group. Samples were regularly collected up to 6 months after the implementation of Hygowater®, and were then cultured and analyzed. With IGN Calbenium®, except for a technical problem and a sample result in one unit at 6 months (Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC) at 37 °C of 66 colony forming units (cfu)/mL), the results showed an absence of contamination. Hygowater® took a couple of weeks to be effective on initially contaminated DUWL (over 200 cfu/mL for all the units), then showed its efficacy for 2 months (HPC at 37 °C with a mean of 40.2 ufc/mL, and HPC at 22 °C with a mean of 0.2 ufc/mL). At 6 months, results were satisfactory for HPC at 22 °C (mean of 12 ufc/mL), but HPC at 37 °C gave non-satisfactory results for 4 of the 5 units (mean of 92.2 ufc/mL). Both systems have an effect on the microbiological quality of DUWL. IGN Calbenium® appears to be more reliable on a long-term basis.
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Petrović, Dragan, Zoran Mileusnić, Mićo Oljača y Rade Radojević. "Hydraulic aggregates in agricultural engineering". Poljoprivredna tehnika 46, n.º 3 (2021): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2103089p.
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With an extremely carefully and very dedicated approach, power transmission may, but not obligatory, present a serious technical, environmental or econometric problem. In agricultural engineering, this process is unfortunately often further complicated. Therefore, energy transfer in this particularly sensitive area must be performed with special care, and energy-specific technical solutions must be applied in each isolated case. These solutions must be specially harmonized with the dynamic energy needs of the system, and should provide energy transfer that is technically, technologically, economically and ecologically harmonized with the practically unpredictable dynamic needs of hydraulic elements and systems in agricultural engineering. However, the use of hydraulic drive, or at least its participation in power transmission, has become an almost inevitable practice today. This is especially important if it is also electronically controlled, because with a number of additional advantages including fluid line flexibility, energy transfer from arbitrary types of primary sources and energy converters, all the way to the appropriate control units or consumers can be achieved successfully, efficiently and accurately.
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Rödel, S., T. Krätzig y L. Meyer. "Testing and developing energy harvester systems for operation of energy-self-sufficient measurement and control units in drinking water supply". Water Supply 16, n.º 2 (26 de agosto de 2015): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2015.132.
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In recent years, wireless measurement and control units have become more popular for monitoring water distribution systems in the drinking water supply. Electric power supply for a higher number of devices through fixed connections to the public electrical grid is technically complex and requires large investments. Powering monitoring devices, which are installed in areas where electrical power supply is lacking, is difficult and considerably increases personnel and operational costs due to frequent battery changes. In such cases, harvesting energy from the water distribution systems or the environment would be an attractive option. In this work, an energy-self-sufficient system has been developed to solve these problems. The system transforms, by use of an energy harvester, the kinetic and hydraulic energy of water flow in a pipeline to electrical energy, stores this energy, and uses it via a micro-controller unit for measurements and wireless data transmission to a central server.
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Semichev, Stepan V. "The Results of Field Test of the Mounted Attachment CHD-3". Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 67, n.º 2 (24 de junio de 2020): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2020-67-1-81-86.
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One of the ways of achieving landing accuracy is the control of the unit movement using navigator installed on the tractor, including autopilot systems that can correct the trajectory of the tractor. However, the straightness of tillage may be low. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in increasing the track stability of agricultural tools when cultivating row crops. (Materials and methods) The article proposes the use of a controlled attachment as part of a machine-tractor unit with navigation equipment installed on both a tractor and an agricultural tool, the use of which will significantly improve the accuracy of technological operations. The article presents the scheme, technical characteristics, and operating principle of the controlled attachment device. The article describes the method of conducting a field test of a machine-tractor unit with an installed controlled attachment. (Results and discussion) It was found that when cultivating without navigation equipment, the deviation from the axis was 62 mm; when cultivating with a machine-tractor unit with navigation equipment on a tractor it reaches 22 mm; when cultivating with a machine-tractor unit with a controlled CHD-3 attachment and navigation equipment on a tractor and cultivator it reaches 20 mm. The untreated area of the field by a machine-tractor unit with CHD-3 and navigation equipment on a tractor and cultivator was 0.27 square meters in relation to 0.45 square meters when processing the unit as part of a tractor with navigation equipment and a cultivator. (Conclusions) The use of tool control devices for cultivating rows of potatoes is impractical, since the straight movement of the planting machine along a given line is not guaranteed when planting potatoes. It was found that increased accuracy and further productivity will be achieved when using a controlled attachment on all operations of potato cultivation up to harvesting. The use of a controlled attachment device is advisable when cultivating crops that require high precision planting, for example, sugar beets.
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Bielek, Boris, Daniel Szabó y Vladimír Majsniar. "Development and Experimental Verification of Ventilation Units for Under Pressure Ventilation System". Advanced Materials Research 1041 (octubre de 2014): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1041.329.
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Task of controlled ventilation in modern residential buildings is to ensure optimum quality of interior environment and fulfill hygienic and thermal technical requirements guaranteeing comfort of user. The paper discusses development and experimental verification of atypical vertical ventilation units of under pressure controlled ventilation system for residential high-rise building. Recommended concept of solution to façade detail in relation to ventilation system. Conceptual designs of alternatives of air inlet openings of under pressure controlled ventilation system for apartments of atypical vertical geometry. Optimized alternative of air inlet openings in the bottom level of vertical pilaster with function of air distribution channel for ventilation system. Laboratory experimental verification of physical properties of optimized alternative of ventilation units of under pressure controlled ventilation system in their development cycle. Hydrodynamic regime of air inlet openings of controlled ventilation system – laboratory experimental research in large rain chamber. Aerodynamic regime of natural controlled ventilation system – laboratory experimental research in large pressure chamber. Acoustic properties of natural controlled ventilation system – laboratory experimental research in acoustic chambers. Comparison by the experiment of verified parameters of ventilation units of under pressure controlled ventilation with design parameters.
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Bielek, Boris, Daniel Szabó y Milan Lavrinčík. "Transparent Elemental Facade with an Integrated Ventilation Unit for a High-Rise Building – Development and Experimental Verification". Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 26, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2018): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2018-0030.
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Abstract The article documents the development of a modular transparent elemental facade. The cooperative development was realized in two areas, i.e., the development of facade ventilation units for an under-pressure ventilation system and experimental verification in a laboratory of a facade panel and optimization of its acoustic parameters. The task of controlled ventilation in modern residential buildings is to ensure the optimum quality of the interior environment and fulfill hygienic and thermal technical requirements that guarantee the comfort of the users. The paper discusses the development and experimental verification of atypical vertical ventilation units of an under-pressure controlled ventilation system for a residential high-rise building. A recommended concept for the facade´s details has been developed in relation to the ventilation system. Conceptual designs of alternatives to the air inlet openings of an under-pressure controlled ventilation system for the apartments with an atypical vertical geometry were proposed. An optimized alternative to air inlet openings in the bottom level of a vertical pilaster with the function of an air distribution channel for a ventilation system has been selected and developed. Laboratory experiments have verified the physical properties of the optimized alternative ventilation units of the under-pressure controlled ventilation system in their development cycle. The hydrodynamic regime of the air inlet openings of the controlled ventilation system has been verified by experimental research in a laboratory large rain chamber. The aerodynamic regime of a naturally controlled ventilation system was verified by experimental research in a large laboratory pressure chamber. The acoustic properties of the naturally controlled ventilation system were verified by experimental research in a laboratory´s acoustic chambers. The verified parameters of the ventilation units of the under-pressure controlled ventilation obtained by the experiment were compared with the design parameters. An experimental assessment of the mechanical, thermal and acoustical parameters of the elemental modular facade was carried out in a laboratory. At the end of the article, the results and conclusions of the laboratory experiment are summarized.
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Lespezeanu, Ion, Florin Marius Militaru, Octavian Alexa, Constantin Ovidiu Ilie y Marin Marinescu. "On-Board Malfunction Simulations on Vehicles that Are Equipped with Electronic Control Systems". Applied Mechanics and Materials 823 (enero de 2016): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.823.211.
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On-board malfunction simulation consists of generating controlled malfunctions by transmitting, through sensor connector, a signal of a certain variation/ wave to the electronic control unit. Thus, the control unit will interpret that the monitored system has a malfunction. The main advantage of this method is that it allows the simulation for a wide range of malfunctions without requiring complex operations when changing from one type of malfunction to another. Also, this method (nondestructive type) exploits the technical potential of on-board diagnosis systems which fit modern vehicles and it allows to use the same devices for all types of simulated malfunctions.
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Yoshikawa, Takehisa, Masayuki Kyoi, Hideaki Onozuka, Hideaki Tanaka, Yukio Maeda y Masato Taya. "Ultra-Precision Cutting of Roll Die with Micro Lens Arrays for Plastic Film". Advanced Materials Research 325 (agosto de 2011): 563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.325.563.
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Patterning vast numbers of micro lenses on a surface increases technical importance to improve characteristics of optical parts such as liquid crystal displays. A cutting method using a diamond tool is examined to make a molding die by which array patterns of many micro lenses are molded. Realizing the cutting procedure, the developed machining system employs a cutting unit actuated by PZT and a synchronous control system of the cutting unit with a NC controller. The present paper investigates machining of micro lenses on the order of 2 kHz, using a piezo-actuated micro cutting unit. Experiments using this unit revealed that it is possible to machine a large number of micro lenses on a molding roll die for plastic film with high precision.
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Aleksandrovna Boenko, Elena, Leonid Andreevich Repin y Lyudmila Leonidovna Repina. "Medical and technical aspects of activities at hospital departments of infectious diseases during the pandemic of the Coronavirus disease 2019 and other highly infectious diseases". Medical review 73, n.º 7-8 (2020): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns2008250b.
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Introduction. The article presents information on the activities of inpatient facilities for infectious diseases during the pandemic of the new coronavirus disease 2019, taking into account current regulatory documents. The authors reviewed the principles of hospital zoning and patient controlled movement in hospitals for infectious diseases. The paper deals with the organization of the admission departments and equipment of the diagnostic units of hospitals for infectious diseases, providing a graphical presentation of an individual isolation unit (Melzer box) including description of the control and management system for safe access to infectious units. The characteristics of engineering and communication systems, disposal of hazardous medical waste, catering, navigation systems, operational remote communication between doctors and patients, application of barcoding for patient identification and medical records are also discussed. The purpose of this paper was to: Identify the shortcomings of the existing regulatory framework concerning the management and organization of health care institutions that provide medical care to patients with the new coronavirus infection; Identify areas that require adjustments, given the modern requirements for high quality treatment, as well as to ensure epidemiological safety for medical staff and patients; Specify additional requirements for hospitals for infectious diseases, which should be taken into account when planning major repairs, reconstruction and construction of new medical facilities for providing health care during the pandemic of new coronavirus disease 2019 and other highly infectious infections.
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Bielek, Boris y Daniel Szabó. "New Façade Ventilation Units of under Pressure Controlled Ventilation System". Advanced Materials Research 1057 (octubre de 2014): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1057.113.
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Task of controlled ventilation in modern residential buildings is to ensure optimum quality of interior environment and fulfill hygienic and thermal technical requirements guaranteeing comfort of user. The paper discusses development and experimental verification of atypical vertical ventilation units of under pressure controlled ventilation system for residential high-rise building. Recommended concept of solution to façade detail in relation to ventilation system. Optimized alternative of air inlet openings in the bottom level of vertical pilaster with function of air distribution channel for under pressure controlled ventilation system. The paper discusses laboratory experimental verification of physical properties of optimized alternative of ventilation units of under pressure controlled ventilation system for high-rise residential building in their development cycle. Boundary conditions of physical designing of envelope structures for load of wind-driven rain and their modifications for high-rise building in the locality of Bratislava. Hydrodynamic regime of air inlet openings of controlled ventilation system – maintaining water impermeability of air inlet openings of the ventilation system under the effect of wind-driven rain – laboratory experimental research in large rain chamber, its results and necessary construction modifications of elements of ventilation units. Aerodynamic regime of natural controlled ventilation system – quantification of volume of air flow rate through ventilation units in dependence to air pressure difference - laboratory experimental research in large pressure chamber. Acoustic properties of natural controlled ventilation system – quantification of index of air impermeability of controlled ventilation system in open and closed position - laboratory experimental research in acoustic chambers. Comparison by the experiment of verified parameters of ventilation units of under pressure controlled ventilation with design parameters.
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Gerber, Daniel L., Alan Meier, Richard Liou y Robert Hosbach. "Emerging Zero-Standby Solutions for Miscellaneous Electric Loads and the Internet of Things". Electronics 8, n.º 5 (23 de mayo de 2019): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8050570.
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Despite technical advances in efficiency, devices in standby continue to consume up to 16% of residential electricity. Finding practical, cost-effective reductions is difficult. While the per-unit power consumption has fallen, the number of units continuously drawing power continues to grow. This work reviews a family of technologies that can eliminate standby consumption in many types of electrical plug loads. It also investigates several solutions in detail and develops prototypes. First, burst mode and sleep transistors are established as building blocks for zero-standby solutions. This work then studies the application of two types of wake-up signals. The first is from an optical transmission, and is applicable to remote-controlled devices with a line-of-sight activation, such as set-top boxes, ceiling fans, and motorized curtains. The second is from a wake-up radio, and is applicable to any wireless products. No single technology will address all standby power situations; however, these emerging solutions appear to have broad applicability to save standby energy in miscellaneous plug loads.
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Sablin, Pavel, Alexander Kosmynin y Vladimir Shchetinin. "Controlled spindle supports as a tool for ensuring machining quality". Proceedings of Irkutsk State Technical University 24, n.º 5 (octubre de 2020): 1019–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/1814-3520-2020-5-1019-1029.
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The purpose of the work is to provide conditions for machined workpiece surface quality control based on the use of gas-magnetic supports in machine-tool systems (on example of the 3K227A internal grinding machine). To model the trajectory of tool and workpiece mutual movement the methods of nonlinear dynamics are used. The literature data on the problem are analyzed and experimental studies are carried out. Based on the considered issues of controlling the dynamic stability of technological systems under machining by means of contactless controlled gas-magnetic supports of spindle units, a scheme for adaptive control of the machine-tool system is proposed. It allows in many respects to eliminate external mechanical effects on the technological system, internal vibrations caused by drives and moving parts, as well as to compensate temperature deformations of the spindle unit frame and body. An adaptive control system based on gas-magnetic supports of the spindle assembly and the workpiece, as well as the control systems of the position of workpiece and tool (on example of 3K227A internal grinding machine) are demonstrated in action. The gas-magnetic support control system developed at Komsomolsk-na-Amure State Technical University makes it possible to set the position of the rotor axis with the accuracy of 0.1 microns. The study results obtained lead to the conclusion that the control of two adaptive links on the gas-magnetic supports, i.e., the spindle assembly of the tool and the spindle assembly of the workpiece, allows to achieve a rotation accuracy of up to 0.2 microns. The methods of nonlinear dynamics make it possible to construct an attractor (trajectory) of the tool tip movement in the real time, which provides a possibility to affect the input parameters of the machining process and thereby to control the output parameters. In addition to this, the control system of machine-tool system dynamic stability is applicable to other processing types as well, including edge cutting machining.
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Sommer, Christof-Matthias, Wieland Voigt, Michel Klapp Oliger, Christopher Schlett, Stefan Erpenbach, Katrina Thomas, Andreas Hatopp, Patrick Kurz y Goetz Richter. "Radiation Exposure During Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE): A Confounder-Controlled Comparison Between a State-of-the-Art Angiography Unit and a Conventional Angiography unit". RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 190, n.º 03 (21 de septiembre de 2017): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-119036.
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Purpose To compare radiation exposure of a state-of-the-art and a conventional angiography unit in patients undergoing uterine fibroid embolization (UFE). Materials and Methods Between January 2009 and December 2016, 286 patients underwent UFE in our Interdisciplinary Fibroid Center. The inclusion criteria for this retrospective analysis were first-time transarterial embolization for symptomatic fibroids, bilateral embolization, procedures applying a state-of-the-art (Group 1) or a conventional angiography unit (Group 2), and bilateral technical success with an adequate embolization endpoint after the injection of microspheres. Study endpoints included radiation exposure, major complications, morphological success (MRI), and clinical success (questionnaire on quality-of-life). Propensity score matching controlled for confounders. Results The inclusion criteria were met by 58 (Group 1) and 177 (Group 2) patients. After propensity score matching, there was no significant difference between Group 1 (n = 46) and Group 2 (n = 92) regarding age, body-mass index, volume of the dominant fibroid and the uterus, fluoroscopy time, and amount of embolic agent (p ≥ 0.10 each). The dose-area product was significantly lower in Group 1 than in Group 2 (1159.0 cGycm2 vs. 3123.5 cGycm2; p < 0.001), while major complication rates (both groups 0 %) and dominant fibroid devascularization (both groups 100 %) were equal (p > 0.99). There were no significant differences between both groups regarding shrinkage of the dominant fibroid and the uterus and no relevant differences regarding patient-reported quality-of-life. Conclusion A state-of-the-art angiography unit has the potential to reduce radiation exposure in patients undergoing UFE without increasing the risk of major complications and with comparably high morphological and clinical success. Key Points Citation Format
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Chen, Si Ming y Xiao Ning Liu. "Design of Phase Synchronization Unit for Active Power Filter in Superconducting Magnet Power Supply". Applied Mechanics and Materials 615 (agosto de 2014): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.615.18.
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In this dissertation, a method is given to solve the problem of phase synchronization for active power filter (APF) which is used in superconducting magnet power supply (SMPS). Firstly, the characteristics of the SMPS are introduced and the technical difficulties which will influence the phase synchronization are pointed out. Secondly, in order to solve these difficulties, the synchronization design is based on zero-cross detection, Butterworth filter and phase compensation for practical purposes. Because the APF adopts DSP as the digital controller, the phase compensation can be easily achieved by software design. In the end, the experimental results of a prototype have verified the effectiveness of the proposed design and the APF can trace the frequency and phase of primary input voltage effectively.
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Smirnov, Igor G., Dmitriy O. Khort, Rostislav A. Filippov, Alexey I. Kutyrev y Anatoly A. Artiushin. "Automated Unit for Magnetic-Pulse Processing of Plants in Horticulture". Mordovia University Bulletin, n.º 4 (28 de diciembre de 2018): 624–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/0236-2910.028.201804.624-642.
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Introduction. The current level of agricultural production, including horticulture, is determined by intelligent machine technologies and new generation technical means with modern information and instrument support. The implementation of digital intelligent agricultural technologies in industrial gardening requires a fundamental change in the paradigm of technical support, based on the development and application of new automatic and unmanned machines, equipment and software for managing work processes of machines, navigating technical means, controlling the implementation of technological operations, monitoring the yield of agricultural crops, analyzing diseases and pests on plants and other technological functions. Materials and Methods. 3D model is visualized in the computer-aided design “KOMPAS-3D” through using the methods of mathematical modeling, theoretical mechanics and optimal design. A prototype of an automated unit for magnetic pulse processing of plants is made. The program code for calculating the required movement of the actuator rod is developed in the Sublime Text editor. C++programming language was used. The functionality of the computer program is related to the capabilities of controllers STM32, Arduino Mega/ Uno/Nano. Nextion 2.4 (the TFT screen 320x240) for the graphical output and interaction was used. Results. An automated unit with the algorithm of the drive control system of working bodies were developed during the technological operation of magnetic pulse processing of plants, taking into account the agro-technological parameters of garden plantations. A computer program with both automat and remote control was designed for driving the working bodies. Conclusions. The unit allows introducing a new environmentally safe technological method of stimulating vital and growth processes of fruit crops. This device provides the most efficient operation through automatic adjustment to various agro-technological parameters of plantings, providing the required value of magnetic induction in the working area on plant objects in the field. Keywords: magnetic pulse processing, control system, automated unit, irradiation of plants, gardening, low-frequency magnetic field For citation: Smirnov I. G., Khort D. O., Filippov R. A., Kutyrev A. I., Artiushin A. A. Automated Unit for Magnetic-Pulse Processing of Plants in Horticulture. Vestnik Mordovskogo universiteta = Mordovia University Bulletin. 2018; 28(4):624–642. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15507/0236-2910.028.201804.624-642
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Wang, Shu Hai, Yuan Yuan Tian y Shu Wang Chen. "DDR Memory Controller Design Based on FPGA". Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (octubre de 2014): 779–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.779.
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With the rapid development of electronic science and computer science, the large scale integrated circuit applied in the military, economic and social life is more and more widely. Because the DDR SDRAM has twice the SDRAM memory data rate, now has been widely used. The DDR memory controller design for the DDR SDRAM and the connection between the FPGA provides a solution [3]. This paper analyzes the current international technology trends and storage controller DDR2 SDRAM controller detailed technical specifications. DDR2 SDRAM controller configuration based on register information units, with automatic initialization, to determine priorities, to generate the DDR2 command sequence, and other functions, also can undertake signal control and data reading and writing.
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Arbelaez, Lady, John Rivera, Alejandro Hurtado-Salazar y Nelson Ceballos-Aguirre. "Technical and Economic Evaluation of Three Types of Tomato Nutrient Solutions under Semi-Controlled Conditions". Journal of Agricultural Science 8, n.º 8 (17 de julio de 2016): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n8p68.
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<p>This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three types of nutrient solutions on the development, performance, quality and cost of chonto tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em> L.) under semi-controlled conditions. The assessment was conducted in the farm Tesorito, Manizales, Colombia. An experimental design was established in randomized complete blocks (RCB), with 3 treatments, 4 replicates per treatment and 10 effective plants per replicate. The variables were: height of the first cluster, production per plant, yield t ha-1 and qualities of the fruit. The economic variables were production costs, cost-benefit ratio (C/BR), rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV). In general, production per plant was greater than 4.7 kg plant<sup>-1</sup> and the average yield was 92 t ha<sup>-1</sup>. The use of conventional fertilization (tt2) generated increased production of premium quality fruit with a value of 37.11 t ha<sup>-1</sup>, demonstrating that conventional soil fertilization implemented in this culture under semi-controlled conditions in the company of drip irrigation system in the root zone improve outcomes of productive variables, increasing profitability and competitiveness with a net profit of USD$ $ 25203.68 ha<sup>-1</sup>, with average selling price of USD$ 0.45 per kilogram and a unit production margin of USD$ 0.21 per kilogram, making this technology attractive and economically viable.</p>
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Chen, Zengshi y Wenzhong Gao. "Conception and Implementation of a Dual Data Acquisition System on an Eight-Axis High-Speed Tube Cutting CNC Machine". Journal of Mechatronics and Applications 2010 (13 de junio de 2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/273963.
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Precise and fast position measurement has been a challenging problem in computerized numerical controller (CNC) machines where parts need to be processed at a high speed. This paper inspects data acquisition and processing on a high-speed tube cutting Siemens 840D CNC machine with Windows NT.40 operating system and analyzes the constraints of the old procedure on the production speed. The more efficient technical tactics are proposed and implemented. The laser is added to the system to perform the same data acquisition while the function of the capacitive sensor is kept. A dual data acquisition system is thus created and the old one functions as a backup. In the retrofit, the affordable and practical data communication method is used, the sensor physical movement is avoided, the algorithm is optimized with requirement of less data, and computation of the algorithm is moved from numerical controller unit (NCU) to personal computer unit (PCU). For every tube part, the laser approach reduces the data acquisition and processing time to 4 seconds, compared to 12 seconds with a capacitive sensor.
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Benzer, H., P. Brühl, W. Dietzel, J. Kilian, F. Lackner, G. Reybrouck, M. Rotter y G. Werner. "The Hygienic Situation in 56 German, 33 Austrian, and 25 Belgian Intensive Care Units". Infection Control 8, n.º 9 (septiembre de 1987): 376–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700067448.
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The intensive care unit (ICU) creates the unique situation of subjecting highly susceptible patients to a variety of invasive procedures that are concentrated in a small unit. Effectively providing life-saving care is considered more important than other measures, such as infection control. Nevertheless, it is frustrating to lose a patient due to a sepsis that could have been prevented by simple hygienic arrangements, the application of aseptic techniques, and infection control measures. There is some confusion about the necessity and efficacy of many of these prescriptions, and some of them must certainly be considered rituals: only controlled studies demonstrating the influence of the specific measure on the infection rate will give a decisive answer about usefulness. Most factors determining the occurrence and transmission of infections lie with the patient's resistance and treatment, but technical, diagnostic, and curative measures may also influence the infection rate. Facilities, techniques followed, and prescribed procedures may differ from hospital to hospital. If we want to draw a conclusion from the comparison of infection rates in different ICUs, it is desirable to compare not only the different preventive measures in nursing procedures and techniques, but also the organization and structure of the units. Therefore, our committee decided to study the hygienic situation of ICUs before elaborating a practicable and valuable system for the registration of nosocomial infections. The study was not limited to the small group of interested teaching hospitals with high standards, but rather, was extended to all Austrian (A) ICUs and a significative sample of German (D) and Belgian (B) ICUs.
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Rudis, Maria I., Benjamin G. Guslits y Barbara J. Zarowitz. "Technical and Interpretive Problems of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation in Monitoring Neuromuscular Blockade in the Intensive Care Unit". Annals of Pharmacotherapy 30, n.º 2 (febrero de 1996): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809603000211.
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OBJECTIVE: To review the literature and provide an overview of the technical and interpretive problems associated with peripheral nerve stimulation in monitoring neuromuscular blockade in the intensive care unit. DATA SOURCES: A computerized search on MEDLINE from 1985 through 1994 was performed to identify English-language comparative studies, abstracts, and review articles pertaining to peripheral nerve stimulation, train-of-four monitoring, and neuromuscular blockade in the critical care setting. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Relevant studies in humans were selected and information was extracted on the use of peripheral nerve monitoring in the critically ill. DATA SYNTHESIS: Use of peripheral nerve stimulation is complicated in the intensive care unit. Problems may occur with the patient, the device, as well as operator technique, all of which may lead to errors in interpretation of the depth of paralysis. The critically ill patient has changing comorbid disease states and total body water composition, which may impair the accuracy or reproducibility of measurements. Technical problems relate to the operation of the device, electrode placement, and suboptimal delivery of the desired current. Difficulties in performing peripheral nerve stimulation and interassessor variability contribute to errors of interpretation. CONCLUSIONS: These difficulties compromise the precision, accuracy, and reliability of the peripheral nerve stimulator as a tool for monitoring neuromuscular blockade in the critically ill. Peripheral nerve stimulation should be used in conjunction with clinical parameters to make decisions regarding dose adjustments. Doses should be reduced as much as possible to provide the minimum depth of paralysis that is clinically appropriate. Technical directions and training programs for peripheral nerve stimulation should be developed, and designated individuals should be trained in its application. Large, prospective, controlled studies are necessary to evaluate the incidence of prolonged paralysis or motor neuropathy with administration of neuromuscular blocking agents in patients whose dose is adjusted on the basis of peripheral nerve stimulation.
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A., VAZHYNSKYI y ZHUKOV S. "Methods of analysis of possible states of the object diagnosis." Journal of Electrical and power engineering 24, n.º 1 (21 de mayo de 2021): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/2074-2630-2021-1-33-38.
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The development of new methods of technical diagnostics is an important task aimed at improving the efficiency and safety of the operation of industrial equipment. Such methods are complexes of jointly used methods for obtaining diagnostic information, methods for extracting from it the actual data on the technical state of the diagnosed objects, and methods for organizing diagnostic processes. Complex technical systems are characterized by complex nonlinear interactions between their constituent elements, complex scenarios of causal relationships between hazardous, probabilistic events and processes occurring during their operation. These scenarios can be implemented in complex scenario trees. Features of technical diagnostics of complex technical systems are determined by the distinctive properties of failures in such systems and scenarios. The technical diagnostics system is an information-measuring system and contains sensors of controlled parameters, communication lines with an information collection unit, executive devices, devices for interfacing with other information-measuring and control systems. Methods of technical diagnostics serve as the basis for constructing such a system. The current level and prospects for the development of diagnostic tools, flaw detection and automated control open real possibilities of using methods of maintenance and repair of equipment by a technical condition. The greatest effect from the use of such a system is achieved when operating complex equipment, preventive repair of which is associated with high costs, and emergency repair.
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Bockmon, E. E., C. A. Frieder, M. O. Navarro, L. A. White-Kershek y A. G. Dickson. "Technical Note: Controlled experimental aquarium system for multi-stressor investigation of carbonate chemistry, oxygen saturation, and temperature". Biogeosciences 10, n.º 9 (11 de septiembre de 2013): 5967–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5967-2013.
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Abstract. As the field of ocean acidification has grown, researchers have increasingly turned to laboratory experiments to understand the impacts of increased CO2 on marine organisms. However, other changes such as ocean warming and deoxygenation are occurring concurrently with the increasing CO2 concentrations, complicating the understanding of the impacts of anthropogenic changes on organisms. This experimental aquarium design allows for independent regulation of CO2 concentration, O2 levels, and temperature in a controlled environment to study the impacts of multiple stressors. The system has the flexibility for a wide range of treatment chemistry, seawater volumes, and study organisms. Control of the seawater chemistry is achieved by equilibration of a chosen gas mixture with seawater using a Liqui-Cel® membrane contactor. Included as examples, two experiments performed using the system have shown control of CO2 at values between approximately 500 and 1400 μatm and O2 at values from 80 to 240 μmol kg−1. Temperature has been maintained to 0.5 °C or better in the range of 10–17 °C. On a weeklong timescale, the system has achieved variability in pH of less than 0.007 pH units and in oxygen concentration of less than 3.5 μmol kg−1. Longer experiments, over a month in duration, have been completed with control to better than 0.08 pH units and 13 μmol kg−1 O2. The ability to study the impacts of multiple stressors in the laboratory simultaneously, as well as independently, will be an important part of understanding the response of marine organisms to a high-CO2 world.
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Katenev, G. M., V. A. Tumanovskii y T. A. Stepanova. "Experimental cycle air cooling system for gas microturbine unit". Safety and Reliability of Power Industry 11, n.º 4 (21 de enero de 2019): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2018-11-4-319-324.
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The article considers the Combustion Turbine Inlet Cooling (CTIC) system — an experimental system for cooling the cycle air entering the gas microturbine unit. This enables to save electrical power of the unit generated at the design level in the period of seasonal increase in air temperature. Cooling of the air at the inlet to the turbocharger of the unit occurs up to its design temperature (which is, according to the ISO standard, equal to 15˚С). The basis of the CTIC model is an industrial cooling system based on a vapor compression refrigeration unit with a cold accumulator. Water ice is used as a cold storage medium in the accumulator, while ice water is used as a medium cooling the cycle air (ice water is water at a temperature of 0.5˚С – 1˚С). The eff ect of cooling of cycle air is achieved by pumping ice water coming from the cold accumulator through an air-to-water heat exchanger installed at the inlet to the turbocharger. The purpose of the study was to determine the operating time of a cold accumulator, depending on the speed of the circulating water. The experiments were carried out on a model of a cooling system with a cold accumulator having a 200 kg ice storage and working with the Capstone C-30 microturbine. Maintaining the temperature of the cycle air at its design level is achieved using a frequency-controlled circulation pump and a digital measurement and control system with the LabVIEW software package. The results of the study show that the considered CTIC system, while discharging the cold accumulator, is able to maintain the required design temperature of the cycle air at 15°C for 6 hours, which is quite enough to cover the peak load of the working day. Technical and economic parameters of the plant are evaluated.
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McCue, T., R. Shah, I. Vassiliev, Y. H. Liu, F. G. Eremektar, Y. Chen y A. A. Randall. "Evaluation of influent prefermentation as a unit process upon biological nutrient removal". Water Science and Technology 47, n.º 11 (1 de junio de 2003): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0580.
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The objective of this NSF sponsored research was to provide a controlled comparison of identical continuous flow biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes both with and without prefermentation in order to provide a stronger, more quantitative, technical basis for design engineers to determine the potential benefits of prefermentation to EBPR in treating domestic wastewater. Specifically, this paper focused upon the potential impacts of primary influent prefermentation upon BNR processes treating septic domestic wastewater. This study can be divided into two distinct phases - an initial bench-scale phase which treated septic P-limited (TCOD:TP>40) wastewater and a subsequent pilot-scale phase which treated septic COD-limited (TCOD:TP<40) wastewater. The following conclusions can be drawn from the results obtained to date.•Prefermentation increased both RBCOD, SBCOD and VFA content of septic domestic wastewater.•Prefermentation resulted in increased biological P removal for a highly septic, non-P limited (TCOD:TP<40:1) wastewater. However, in septic, P-limited (TCOD:TP>40:1) wastewater, changes in net P removal due to prefermentation were suppressed by limited P availability, even though P release and PHA content were affected.•Prefermentation increased specific anoxic denitrification rates for both COD and P-limited wastewaters, and in the pilot (COD-limited) study also coincided with greater system N removal.
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Li, Huan Liang, Xiao Qiang Yang, Jin Hua Han y Dan Wang. "Fault Test Equipment of Launcher Control System Based on Embedded System". Applied Mechanics and Materials 415 (septiembre de 2013): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.415.216.
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The fault test equipment of mine launcher system is developed. This equipment is divided into two functional parts: master controller, an industrial processing computer and corresponding application software, which mainly engages in human-machine interactions, controlling the testing process, diagnosing the fault as well as display the output, and slave controller that performs data acquisition, signal conditioning, connection and transformation. Its hardware is composed of main control circuit with two complex programmable logic device (CPLD) chips, signal conditioning circuit, serial interface module and dedicated interface adapter unit. In addition, the application software of master controller is modular and object-oriented and developed by LabWIEW. The slave controller software is developed in VHDL that performs sampling and configuration of firing control and configuration signals. And the software consists of the five key modules: baud rate generator, enable module, pulse signal count module, data acquisition module of high level signals and communication module. Thus the equipment actually provides effective technical method in improving the repair and support skills for the mine launcher control system.
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Yurov, Alexander, Alexander Voronov y Alexey Lukonin. "Determining the mode of operation of the system section, taking into account the current topology and predictive analysis of the active-adaptive network of 6-10 kV". E3S Web of Conferences 279 (2021): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127902010.
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Technical solutions aimed at improving the reliability of power supply to consumers of the 6-10 kV network are proposed, a block diagram of a fundamentally new device for diagnosing and protecting cells of 6-10 kV power cable lines with a single algorithm of operation is shown, which allows simultaneously performing current protection of the controlled feeder and monitoring with a predictive assessment (residual resource) of the state of the cable insulation material. A possible scheme of interaction of elements of an active-adaptive power unit of 6-10 kV is shown on the example of a cell of a 6-10 kV cable line. he device will allow you to control leakage currents in distribution networks, taking into account the remaining cable life, reduce insulation losses during power transmission and increase the energy efficiency of the controlled network by reducing power interruptions to the consumer. The quantitative values of the device will be determined after its introduction into trial operation.
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Kostomahin, M. N. y A. N. Voronov. "Algorithm for remote estimation of parameters of agricultural machines". Sel'skohozjajstvennaja tehnika: obsluzhivanie i remont (Agricultural Machinery: Service and Repair), n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2020): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-10-2004-01.
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The article presents the material on the assessment of the conditions of operation of agricultural machines, considers the possibility of assessing the emergency mode of operation, which leads to premature failure. The possibilities of the most rational application of the remote monitoring system to diagnostics, to identify the causes of faults are considered. The aim is to improve existing and develop new technologies for remote assessment of the current technical condition of machines throughout operation. The monitoring systems allow to provide automated monitoring of the required parameters of the technical state of the machines and units, during its operation on the basis of documentation of the facts of the machine operation in emergency or pre-emergency modes of operation, by ensuring and fi nding within the permissible limits the necessary controlled parameters. After analyzing the causes of failures, the initial nomenclature of the investigated processes was established. Also, in order to solve the above object, an algorithm of remote monitoring of parameters allowing to estimate the operating modes of the machine was developed, for example, on the example of a contactless sensor. The obtained information will allow to assess the current technical state of the equipment based on the dynamics of change of controlled parameters characterizing gradual reduction of machine/system functionality affecting technical and environmental safety.
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Tsvetkov, A. N., V. Yu Kornilov, A. R. Safin, N. E. Kuvshinov, T. I. Petrov y R. R. Gibadullin. "Development of a stand for researching electric drives of pumping units". Vestnik MGTU 23, n.º 4 (30 de diciembre de 2020): 364–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2020-23-4-364-375.
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In the modern oil industry, the vast majority of oil production units are represented by sucker rod pumping units, driven mainly by asynchronous electric motors without using any monitoring, control and regulation means. Studies carried out on such installations show their low energy efficiency and reliability. Therefore, the issue of developing complex electric drives of a new generation based on the use of synchronous valve electric motors is relevant allowing to significantly increase the energy efficiency and reliability of both individual installations and to ensure the creation of "smart" oil field control systems. The paper discusses new technical solutions of the experimental stand which makes it possible to study the energy characteristics of electric drives based on asynchronous and synchronous valve electric motors, as well as allowing to create conditions as close as possible to real field conditions with imitation of the operation of an oil pumping unit of a sucker rod pumping unit. In modern test equipment systems, devices are often used to create a mechanical load on the shaft of the electric motor under study. The system proposed and implemented as such a device is "a frequency converter - load asynchronous electric motor", which has been tested on a stand and has proven to be the best in comparison with traditional circuits using DC motors. But using of a load asynchronous electric motor as part of the test stand has revealed a number of disadvantages: overheating of the electric motor operating in the opposing mode, low accuracy of creating the load torque and the speed of the system's response. The problem of overheating of the load electric motor has been solved by transferring the frequency converter to the direct torque control mode, while a significant decrease in the motor current and stabilization of the temperature regime have been detected. The low accuracy and response speed of the system have been increased by introducing feedback and a PID controller into the stand control system.
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Molnár, Dániel, András Surányi, Viktor Grónás y Julianna Skutai. "Possible influence factors of technical tolerance". Analecta Technica Szegedinensia 8, n.º 2 (12 de mayo de 2014): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2014.2.60-65.
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Legitimate users of agricultural areas can receive land-based payments based on the area of either the cultivated plants or the uncultivated land kept, in line with the provisions of community and national legislation, in condition eligible for support. Furthermore, land-based support can be received via other rural development measures as well.According to European Commission regulation the appropriate and eligible claim of the land-based supports shall be controlled by the member states. The most robust technique of this process is the remote sensing control. The observed discrepancies shall be sanctioned based on their extent and intentional nature. A measurement tolerance interval shall be set in case of remote sensing operations so that the extent of discrepancy is to be determined in the most objective way possible. As far as the measurement tolerance interval is concerned the goal is to minimise the cumulative faults appearing during the measurements (such as the scale of agricultural activities, the inaccuracy of farmers’ drawings necessary for the claiming of support and the inaccuracy of control materials and methods).The establishment of the measurement tolerance interval is based on the fact that the reference parcels selected by the validation protocol are made by several operators in iterations. As a result of this process the following conclusions can be drawn:The validation method of multi-level tests required by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) properly detects the measurement results strongly affected by faults. Although this method is to be used exclusively to determine the technical tolerance in the Control with Remote Sensing (CwRS) process of the Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS), as independent validation process it does not take the further imagery and other vector references into account. In our examination we assessed the possible inclusion of the smallest identification unit of the Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS) – i.e. the physical block – as well as its impact on the value of technical tolerance.
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Sharaevsky, G. I., N. М. Fialko, I. G. Sharaevsky y L. B. Zimin. "EVOLUTION OF THERMOPHYSICAL PROBLEMS IN CONSTRUCTIONS OF VVER REACTORS MAIN CIRCULATION PUMPS". Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 41, n.º 3 (24 de octubre de 2019): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.3.2019.7.
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Changes in the design of critical critical from the point of view of safety of the nodes of the main circulation pumps of nuclear power units and the corresponding dynamics of the accompanying thermo-hydraulic problems caused by these changes are analyzed. Attention is drawn to the insufficiently studied complex thermophysical processes occurring in tribological pairs of mechanical shaft sealing and sliding bearings, where the normal friction and lubrication conditions can latently go to pre-emergency and insufficiently controlled by existing monitoring systems technical conditions.
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Gunnarsson, Thorsteinn, Annette Theodorsson, Per Karlsson, Steen Fridriksson, Sverre Boström, Jan Persliden, Ingegerd Johansson y Jan Hillman. "Mobile computerized tomography scanning in the neurosurgery intensive care unit: increase in patient safety and reduction of staff workload". Journal of Neurosurgery 93, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2000): 432–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2000.93.3.0432.
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Object. Transportation of unstable neurosurgical patients involves risks that may lead to further deterioration and secondary brain injury from perturbations in physiological parameters. Mobile computerized tomography (CT) head scanning in the neurosurgery intensive care (NICU) is a new technique that minimizes the need to transport unstable patients. The authors have been using this device since June 1997 and have developed their own method of scanning such patients.Methods. The scanning procedure and radiation safety measures are described. The complications that occurred in 89 patients during transportation and conventional head CT scanning at the Department of Radiology were studied prospectively. These complications were compared with the ones that occurred during mobile CT scanning in 50 patients in the NICU. The duration of the procedures was recorded, and an estimation of the staff workload was made. Two patient groups, defined as high- and medium-risk cases, were studied. Medical and/or technical complications occurred during conventional CT scanning in 25% and 20% of the patients in the high- and medium-risk groups, respectively. During mobile CT scanning complications occurred in 4.3% of the high-risk group and 0% of the medium-risk group. Mobile CT scanning also took significantly less time, and the estimated personnel cost was reduced.Conclusions. Mobile CT scanning in the NICU is safe. It minimizes the risk of physiological deterioration and technical mishaps linked to intrahospital transport, which may aggravate secondary brain injury. The time that patients have to remain outside the controlled environment of the NICU is minimized, and the staff's workload is decreased.
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Patil, Harshad, Ishan Saurav Chandel, Amit K. Rastogi y Pradeep Srivastava. "Studies on a Novel Bioreactor Design for Chondrocyte Culture". International Journal of Tissue Engineering 2013 (11 de septiembre de 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/976894.
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A bioreactor system plays an important role in tissue engineering and enables reproduction and controlled changes in the environmental factor. The bioreactor provides technical means to perform controlled processes in safe and reduced reproducible generation of time. Cartilage cells were grown in vitro by mimicking the in vivo condition. The basic unit of cartilage, that is, chondrocyte, requires sufficient shear, strain, and hydrodynamic pressure for regular growth as it is nonvascular tissue. An attempt has been made to design a novel airlift reactor for chondrocyte culture, and the reactor has been evaluated for its performance. The design includes internal loop wavy riser airlift reactor for chondrocyte culture with 5% CO2 sparging which gives a good yield of chondrocyte after 28 days. The wavy riser provides more surfaces for collision of fluid flow so to create the turbulence. Also, the horizontal semicircular baffles create an angle of 180° which helps in high shear rate. The optimized L/D ratio of the designed airlift reactor (for chondrocyte culture) is 5.67, and it also exhibits good mixing performance.
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Hariyanti, Susi, Badaruddin Badaruddin y Abdul Kadir. "Implementation of Motor Vehicle Whitening Program in the Technical Implementation Unit of Local Revenue Management (UPT PPD) Medan Selatan in 2018". Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 4, n.º 1 (2 de marzo de 2021): 1431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i1.1771.
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National development is the government's effort in realizing the welfare of the people and the state, starting from increasing the standard of living of the community to improving the system for implementing state activities. National development is expected to be evenly distributed throughout the country, both centralized development and development in regions whose power is controlled by the regional government. Phenomenon In the Medan City area, motor vehicle tax is one type of regional tax collected by the Regional Revenue Service of the Province of North Sumatra through the Samsat Joint Office as one of the potential sources of tax revenue, where the Samsat Joint Office has an advantage in the number of vehicle taxpayers who continues to increase every year. From this phenomenon, should there be an increase in the ownership of motorized vehicles with a BK number (tax object) in the area of Medan City, it will have a positive impact on any increase in the amount of motor vehicle tax revenue at the Samsat Joint Office. But in fact, overall motor vehicle tax revenue at the Samsat Joint Office has not been fully realized easily, from the description above, researchers are interested in formulating the problem How to implement the 2018 motor vehicle tax bleaching program in the Regional Revenue Management Technical Implementation Unit (UPT PPD) Medan South and What are the obstacles to motor vehicle tax collection in 2018 in the Regional Revenue Management Technical Implementation Unit (UPT PPD) in South Medan. This type of research used in this study is a qualitative researcher.
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Kondratyuk, S. V. "PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPERTISE IN COURT DURING INVESTIGATION OF CRIMINAL LEADERSHIP". Vektor nauki Tol’attinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seria Uridicheskie nauki, n.º 4 (2020): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2220-7457-2020-4-5-9.
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The paper considers the possibilities of psychological expertise in court when proving the fact of guilty of a person holding the highest position within the crime hierarchy. The study understands the criminal hierarchy as a definite social crime unit controlled by authoritarianism principles. A crime unit boss obtains a leading position as a result of natural selection according to the psychological parameters of a person. The structure of a crime lord personality includes the specific appearance and behavior attributes. The author generalized personal traits of a crime lord of various tendencies and identified that the common personality trait of criminal units’ leaders is the love for power. The study showed that to achieve personal life attitude, the leader proves the status by the attributes of appearance and behavior. The acquisition of a leading position is associated with carrying out the initiation ceremony. The attitude of a person to the ritual of award of the highest status within the criminal hierarchy as well as to the attributes of a crime lord is considered as a fact to be determined in the process of investigation of such crimes. The paper specifies the parameters of a psychological model of a crime leader, proves the applicability of the court psychological expertise of emotional states and individual psychological constitution to identify the personal attitude of a suspect to various attributes of the highest status within the criminal hierarchy. The author defines general and particular objects of psychological expertise in court on the cases over the acquisition of a leading position within the criminal hierarchy. They can be a suspect personality, as well as the episodes of his/her behavior in the underworld and within the experiment conditions recorded using technical facilities. The study showed the rationale of the forensic examination of a group of people being members of one criminal unit. The author proposes the definition of issues placed for the resolution of the court psychological expertise of the crime leadership. The subject matter of the issues put before an expert is the identification of the importance of various crime leadership attributes for an examinee.
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Li, Min, Zhi Qiang Guan y Xiao Qiang Jiang. "The Design Analysis of Cold Storage Refrigeration System Heat Recovery Coupled Solar Auxiliary Heated Drying Device". Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (mayo de 2012): 1235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.1235.
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In order to effectively reduce the comprehensive energy consumption of the refrigeration system so as to achieve the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction, from a practical point of view, this design studied cold storage refrigeration system’s exhaust heat recovery device and its applications, which fully recovered the exhaust sensible heat of refrigeration system and combined with solar collector’s work to provide energy for materials drying. Through the design and matching of the solar collectors, exhaust heat recovery unit, dehumidification evaporator, drying chamber assembly structure and controlled atmosphere organization to achieve the device’s technical synthesis of freezing and drying, so as to realize a comprehensive energy consuming system of one input and two outputs, which provides a new direction for the energy-saving development of similar devices.
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Taratorkin, Igor, Victor Derzhanskii y Alexander Volkov. "Stabilization of transport tracked vehicle trajectory". MATEC Web of Conferences 224 (2018): 02038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822402038.
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The article presents the research findings of the controlled motion dynamics of tracked vehicles equipped with a steering system with discrete properties. It is established that the potential high-speed performance is limited by motion instability and by dynamic properties i.e. the phase lag of the vehicle response to the harmonic control input and the “engine overshoot” to a unit step function (steering jerk). Technical proposals allowing for the high-speed performance of the vehicle are substantiated, such as yaw moment control, which ensures the positive-difference of the partial differential coefficients of yaw moment and cornering resistance moment with respect to curvature; increase of the dynamic system stiffness for increasing the natural frequency and decreasing energy when exciting oscillatory processes; implementation of Shaper steering brake control algorithms.