Artículos de revistas: "Teorema de Rolle"

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Kovačević, Goran. "L'Hospitalovo pravilo". Acta mathematica Spalatensia. Series didactica 1, n.º 1 (2018): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32817/amssd.1.1.6.

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L'Hospitalov teorem daje odgovor na pitanje pod kojim uvjetima je limes kvocijenta dviju funkcija kad argument teži nekom elementu c skupa realnih brojeva proširenom s plus i minus beskonačno jednak limesu kvocijenta derivacija promatranih funkcija. U udžbenicima više matematike najčešće se mogu naći samo dokazi za slučaj u kojemu je c realan broj a funkcije su neprekidno derivabilne na nekom intervalu koji sadrži točku c. Prirodno se javlja potreba dokazivanja tog teorema uz slabije uvjete (npr. ako ne zahtijevamo neprekidnost derivacija funkcija) te u svim ostalim varijantama (npr. kada su c ili vrijednost limesa jednaki plus ili minus beskonačno). Ovaj rad praktično daje dokaze svih varijanti tog teorema. Za neke teoreme se lako ustanovi da su u svojim tvrdnjama vrlo slični ili ekvivalentni, pa je dovoljno dokazati da vrijedi jedan (bilo koji) od takvih teorema. Definicije ključnih pojmova te iskazi i dokazi teorema Rollea i Cauchyja mogu se naći u svakom udžbeniku više matematike (matematičke analize), npr. u [1], [2] ili [3], pa im, iz tog razloga, u radu nije posvećena posebna pozornost.

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Žurić Jakovina, Iva y Trpimir Jakovina. "Teorija uloga i analiza uloga u psihodrami: doprinos sociologiji". Socijalna Ekologija 26, n.º 3 (2017): 151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17234/socekol.26.3.5.

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Oktaviana, W., S. Musdalifah y Resnawati. "Modifikasi Teorema Konvolusi Transformasi Kanonikal Linier Quaternion Sisi Kiri". JURNAL ILMIAH MATEMATIKA DAN TERAPAN 16, n.º 2 (27 de enero de 2020): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/2540766x.2019.v16.i2.14993.

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ABSTRACTQuaternion Linear Canonical Transform (QLCT) is a generalization of the Linear Canonical Transform (LCT) onquaternion algebra which plays an important role in optics and signal processing. QLCT can be seen asgeneralization of Quaternion Fourier Transform (QFT). Based on the fact, this paper propose the formulat ofmodification convolution theorem based on left-sided QLCT by considering the fundamental relationship betweenleft-sided QLCT and QFT. The results showed the modification convolution theorem for left-sided QLCT based onrelationship between left-sided QLCT and QFT as a sum of multiplication of left-sided QFT can be derived.Keywords : Convolution Theorem, Quaternion Fourier Transform, Quaternion Linear Canonical Transform

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Muhsina, Elvanisa Ayu y Nurochman Nurochman. "SISTEM PAKAR REKOMENDASI PROFESI BERDASARKAN MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES MENGGUNAKAN TEOREMA BAYESIAN". JISKA (Jurnal Informatika Sunan Kalijaga) 2, n.º 1 (29 de agosto de 2017): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jiska.2017.21-03.

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Intelligence is perhaps to be the one of the most logical way to determine how smart people is. That fact has always been a problem at job because there are number of job that attract people but require a high GPA for them. Employee with high GPA doesn’t always fit in his skill and work role. They unable to understand and maintain their performance. This expert system is a necessary for recommend job using Intelligence. This research use a Bayesian theorem calculation to find out probability value and job recommendation. The value of MI (Multiple Intelligences)’s user, MI probability to a job and job probability to previous result without any evidence produce a Calculation Variable.Result of the test shows output recommendation as expert system to 81.25% match with expert recommendation. 100% users statistically states the system running well. Expert system usability test shows 80% users strongly agree, 15.7% users agree and 4.3% users are neutral.Keywords: Multiple Intelligences, Profession, Bayesian theorem

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Brožová, Dagmar. "Forming the Modern Labour Market Economics: On the Role of Institutionalist Theories". Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 24, n.º 6 (1 de octubre de 2016): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.aop.562.

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Oktinasari, Hanifah y Rully Charitas Indra Prahmana. "PERAN GUIDED INQUIRY DALAM PEMAHAMAN KONSEP SISWA KELAS VIII PADA PEMBELAJARAN TEOREMA PYTHAGORAS". Journal of Honai Math 3, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2020): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30862/jhm.v3i2.117.

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This study aims to determine the role of Guided Inquiry in understanding students' concepts in learning the Pythagorean theorem, through student worksheet-based guided inquiry learning models. This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods, which were carried out in class VIII D at SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Gamping. Data collection techniques used were documentation, observation, and written tests. Data obtained in this study were analyzed using data triangulation techniques. The results showed that the Guided Inquiry had a role in helping students to understand the concept of the Pythagorean theorem formula, through several stages of learning. In learning that uses guided inquiry, students can understand the Pythagorean theorem formula by finding it on their own and being facilitated by the teacher. Also, student learning outcomes indicate that the average value obtained by students is above the Minimum Mastery Criteria score for mathematics subjects of 65.

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Geovany Cálix, Carlos, Lisana B. Martinez, Hernán P. Vigier y José Jairo Nuñez. "El rol del Empowerment en el éxito empresarial". Investigación Administrativa 45-1 (1 de enero de 2016): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35426/iav45n117.02.

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El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar si el éxito empresarial puede ser explicado a partir del empowerment como herramienta de gestión y un conjunto de variables particulares de cada empresa, tales como: antigüedad, sector, tamaño y nivel de ingresos percibidos. Trabajamos con una base de datos propia que reúne información de 120 empresas de la ciudad de La Ceiba, Honduras. Basados en el marco teórico de referencia de la Teoría de Recursos y Capacidades, se aplicaron modelos econométricos probit y probit ordinal. Los resultados son consistentes y muestran que el empowerment es una variable significativa del éxito empresarial al igual las variables: antigüedad, tamaño y nivel de ingresos percibidos.

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Łuków, Paweł. "Praktyka i teoria moralności". Etyka 32 (1 de diciembre de 1999): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14394/etyka.383.

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Traditionally it is believed that there are two requirements which must be met by a plausible normative theory of morality. It is expected to be sensitive to actual moral beliefs and to guide action. However, it is impossible to satisfy them both within the traditional approach to the tasks of moral theorizing. An alternative theory would have to provide intellectual tools for solution of actual moral problems in a way which would rely on judgment and imagination in practical reasoning. Moral theorizing would then be seen as part of moral practice and the philosopher’s role as that of a critical participant in moral practice rather than of a lawgiver with privileged access to moral truths.

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Magalhães Filho, Gilberto y Saulo Monteiro Martinho de Matos. "The role of narrativity in Ronald Dworkin’s legal theory: is there a narrative theory in “How law is like literature”?" ANAMORPHOSIS - Revista Internacional de Direito e Literatura 5, n.º 2 (17 de diciembre de 2019): 441–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21119/anamps.52.441-463.

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This paper has the purpose of assessing the role of narrativity in Ronald Dworkin’s theory of law. The research question is to know whether Dworkin’s theory of law can be considered a narrative theory of law. By narrative theory, we mean a theory that is based on a heuristic characterization of plots, narrative genres, characters etc. Dworkin introduces six theses in order to link literature and law, in his classic “How law is like literature”: (1) law, as a practice of identifying valid legal propositions, can be better understood when compared to the practice of literature (synechist methodology thesis); (2) the compression of the practice of law always involves a descriptive and valuative dimension (normative theory thesis); (3) every judgment about art presupposes a theory about what art is (aesthetical hypothesis); (4) every judgment about valid legal propositions presupposes the determination of what law is (political hypothesis); (5) the political hypothesis of law depends on understanding the intentionality of the political community (chain novel); and (6) The chain novel depends on understanding the institutional history of the political community (institutional history thesis). This paper’s conclusion is that Dworkin’s theory must be seen as a narrative theory, and that without such narrative aspect, his theory would simply be a legal naturalistic theory, since the purpose or value of the law would thus become absolute.

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Makarskaitė-Petkevičienė, Rita y Jurgita Pitrėnaitė. "METHOD OF DISCUSSION DURING LESSONS OF SURROUNDING WORLD LEARNING: THEORY, POSSIBILITIES AND RESULTS". GAMTAMOKSLINIS UGDYMAS / NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION 6, n.º 2 (15 de agosto de 2009): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/gu-nse/09.6.19a.

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Discussion in the process of teaching refers to a more sophisticated form of conversation, which is more frequently applied working with senior school learners. Problems rather than facts or phenomena are discussed. The question rises if the method of discussion is relevant in lessons of surrounding world learn-ing and whether it enables school learners to acquire knowledge, facilitates its memorisation or allows to ar-rive at solutions to urgent problems. The research involved 18 second formers, 15 school learners of fourth form and 13 students. All the groups of respondents discussed the same problem. Different roles were assigned to the participants in the discussion (a number of respondents represented heads of waste management company, whereas the rest assumed roles of residents of area where waste dump was being set up) and they involved in discussions of issues related to waste management and waste dump establishment. A considerable difference in the results of questionnaires provided to the participants before and after the discussion was observed. It is obvious that the respondents not only gained knowledge but also acquired a different perception and understanding of the problems analysed in the discussion. However, the compari-son of all the results of the survey revealed a stronger educational role of the discussion teaching fourth for-mers. This confirms theoretical statements that this method is more effective with senior school learners. The group of students also found the discussion useful. Key words: primary education, teaching of surrounding world learning, teaching methods, discussion.

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Zawada, Aleksandra, Anna Korecka-Polak y Bartosz Kobuszewski. "Ceny leków – teoria i praktyka". Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie 17, n.º 4 (2019): 194–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20842627oz.19.021.12183.

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Drug prices – theory and practice Prices of reimbursed drugs in Poland are regulated by law and closely monitored, which has been specified in reimbursement act. It contains, among others, rules regarding drug pricing, payments, limit groups and it also defines mechanisms of access to reimbursed medicines. In addition to aforementioned reimbursement act, the important role in drug policy in Poland plays the Economic Commission operating at the Ministry of Health and the European Commission. Current rules of drug financing from public funds in Poland are precisely detailed, and therefore may be incomprehensible to a large part of society. The aim of this publication is to present theoretical aspects of drug reimbursement and associated with this most common problems in practice.

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Kajtoch, Wojciech. "Stanisława Baczyńskiego teoria kryminału". Literatura i Kultura Popularna 25 (28 de julio de 2020): 213–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0867-7441.25.12.

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Stanisław Baczyński (1890–1939), was the first Polish (and one of the first in Europe) literary critics to reflect on the popular genre of the criminal novel, and to look for the genesis and role of its transformation in social development. In the book Criminal Novel (1932), he points directly to the possibility of the novel’s influence on construction of a hero in social views and moods. There is a link between the development of a democratic state and a criminal novel. A popular novel can help a citizen adapt to a new reality, a less classy and more democratic one. Moreover, in a modern society it performs a catharsis function, “it is a cure and, at the same time, an entertainment”. Baczyński’s attitude towards the criminal novel was not Marxist, but it was the result of an avant-garde way of thinking, the result of the belief that a modern reality can be expressed in art only if the form of the artistic creation is changed. He believed that the artist who creates art of a new style fulfils a socially important task. Criminal fiction having a fast-paced plot, not very elaborate psychologism, and presenting the structures of a modern, democratic country, should make life eas-ier for its readers who live in the 20th century.

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Araújo, Diego Nizatto Oliveira y Elvanio Costa de Souza. "O RIO SÃO FRANCISCO E O DESENVOLVIMENTO ECONÔMICO DE MUNICÍPIOS MINEIROS LOCALIZADOS EM SUA BACIA". RDE - Revista de Desenvolvimento Econômico 1, n.º 39 (abril de 2016): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.21452/rde.v2i34.4235.

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A teoria dos polos de crescimento destaca o papel das atividades motrizes no desenvolvimento regional. Diante disso, este estudo procurou identificar os setores econômicos motrizes de alguns municípios mineiros localizados na bacia hidrográfica do rio São

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Fonseca, Vilmar Gomes da y Ana Cláudia Correia Batalha Henriques. "Aprendizagem do teorema do valor intermediário numa abordagem exploratória com o geogebra". REVISTA INTERSABERES 14, n.º 31 (15 de agosto de 2019): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22169/ri.v14i31.1511.

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RESUMO Neste texto, apresentamos os resultados de um estudo realizado no âmbito de uma experiência de ensino de cunho exploratório, integrando o uso do GeoGebra, com estudantes de um curso de formação inicial de professores de Matemática, no Brasil. O objetivo do estudo é compreender o papel deste software na aprendizagem do Teorema do Valor Intermediário (TVI). Focamo-nos, em particular, nas aprendizagens destes estudantes que decorrem da realização de uma tarefa exploratória com uso do GeoGebra. Os dados foram recolhidos a partir da observação participante com gravação em áudio e vídeo do trabalho dos estudantes na tarefa em sala de aula e das suas resoluções escritas. Os resultados mostram que os estudantes beneficiaram do trabalho em sala de aula, em torno da tarefa com recurso ao GeoGebra, evidenciando aprendizagens significativas no que respeita ao TVI. Além disso, a exploração da tarefa com o GeoGebra favoreceu a sua concepção de continuidade de uma função associada ao , a dedução da continuidade da função como critério necessário para aplicação do TVI, a resolução gráfica de problemas de aplicação do TVI e a identificação de uma estratégia para a sua resolução algébrica. Palavras-chave: GeoGebra. Teorema do Valor Intermediário. Ensino exploratório. Continuidade de funções. ABSTRACT This paper presents the results of a study carried out in the context of a teaching experience, following an exploratory approach integrating GeoGebra, with 1st year students of a bachelor's degree in Mathematics, in Brazil, aiming to understand the role of this software in the learning of the Intermediate Value Theorem (IVT). We focus, in particular, on the students’ learning resulting from the accomplishment of an exploratory task using GeoGebra. The data were collected from the participant observation with audio and video recording of the students working on the proposed task in the classroom and their written solutions. The results show that the students took advantage from the work carried out in the classroom on the task with GeoGebra, revealing significant learning regarding the IVT. In addition, the exploration with GeoGebra favored their conception of continuity of a function associated with the , the inference of the continuity of a function as a necessary criterion to apply the IVT, the solving of problems involving the application of the IVT graphically and the identification of a strategy for solving it algebraically. Keywords: GeoGebra. Intermediate Value Theorem. Exploratory approach. Continuity of functions. RESUMEN En este texto, presentamos los resultados de un estudio realizado en el marco de una experiencia de enseñanza de cuño exploratorio, integrando el uso del GeoGebra, con estudiantes de un curso de formación inicial de profesores de Matemática, en Brasil. El objetivo del estudio es comprender el papel de este software en el aprendizaje del Teorema del Valor Intermedio (TVI). Nos enfocamos, en particular, en los aprendizajes de estos estudiantes que se derivan de la realización de una tarea exploratoria con uso de GeoGebra. Los datos fueron recogidos a partir de la observación participante con grabación en audio y vídeo del trabajo de los estudiantes en la tarea en el aula y de sus resoluciones escritas. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes se beneficiaron del trabajo en torno a la tarea con el uso de GeoGebra, evidenciando aprendizajes significativos en lo que concierne al TVI. Además, la explotación con GeoGebra favoreció su concepción de continuidad de una función asociada al , la deducción de la continuidad de la función como criterio necesario para la aplicación del TVI, la resolución gráfica de problemas de aplicación del TVI y la identificación de una estrategia para su resolución algebra. Palabras clave: GeoGebra. Teorema del Valor Intermedio. Enseñanza exploratoria. Continuidad de funciones. RESUMO Neste texto, apresentamos os resultados de um estudo realizado no âmbito de uma experiência de ensino de cunho exploratório, integrando o uso do GeoGebra, com estudantes de um curso de formação inicial de professores de Matemática, no Brasil. O objetivo do estudo é compreender o papel deste software na aprendizagem do Teorema do Valor Intermediário (TVI). Focamo-nos, em particular, nas aprendizagens destes estudantes que decorrem da realização de uma tarefa exploratória com uso do GeoGebra. Os dados foram recolhidos a partir da observação participante com gravação em áudio e vídeo do trabalho dos estudantes na tarefa em sala de aula e das suas resoluções escritas. Os resultados mostram que os estudantes beneficiaram do trabalho em sala de aula, em torno da tarefa com recurso ao GeoGebra, evidenciando aprendizagens significativas no que respeita ao TVI. Além disso, a exploração da tarefa com o GeoGebra favoreceu a sua concepção de continuidade de uma função associada ao , a dedução da continuidade da função como critério necessário para aplicação do TVI, a resolução gráfica de problemas de aplicação do TVI e a identificação de uma estratégia para a sua resolução algébrica. Palavras-chave: GeoGebra. Teorema do Valor Intermediário. Ensino exploratório. Continuidade de funções. ABSTRACT This paper presents the results of a study carried out in the context of a teaching experience, following an exploratory approach integrating GeoGebra, with 1st year students of a bachelor's degree in Mathematics, in Brazil, aiming to understand the role of this software in the learning of the Intermediate Value Theorem (IVT). We focus, in particular, on the students’ learning resulting from the accomplishment of an exploratory task using GeoGebra. The data were collected from the participant observation with audio and video recording of the students working on the proposed task in the classroom and their written solutions. The results show that the students took advantage from the work carried out in the classroom on the task with GeoGebra, revealing significant learning regarding the IVT. In addition, the exploration with GeoGebra favored their conception of continuity of a function associated with the , the inference of the continuity of a function as a necessary criterion to apply the IVT, the solving of problems involving the application of the IVT graphically and the identification of a strategy for solving it algebraically. Keywords: GeoGebra. Intermediate Value Theorem. Exploratory approach. Continuity of functions. RESUMEN En este texto, presentamos los resultados de un estudio realizado en el marco de una experiencia de enseñanza de cuño exploratorio, integrando el uso del GeoGebra, con estudiantes de un curso de formación inicial de profesores de Matemática, en Brasil. El objetivo del estudio es comprender el papel de este software en el aprendizaje del Teorema del Valor Intermedio (TVI). Nos enfocamos, en particular, en los aprendizajes de estos estudiantes que se derivan de la realización de una tarea exploratoria con uso de GeoGebra. Los datos fueron recogidos a partir de la observación participante con grabación en audio y vídeo del trabajo de los estudiantes en la tarea en el aula y de sus resoluciones escritas. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes se beneficiaron del trabajo en torno a la tarea con el uso de GeoGebra, evidenciando aprendizajes significativos en lo que concierne al TVI. Además, la explotación con GeoGebra favoreció su concepción de continuidad de una función asociada al , la deducción de la continuidad de la función como criterio necesario para la aplicación del TVI, la resolución gráfica de problemas de aplicación del TVI y la identificación de una estrategia para su resolución algebra. Palabras clave: GeoGebra. Teorema del Valor Intermedio. Enseñanza exploratoria. Continuidad de funciones. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22169/revint.v14i31.1511

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Tejeda Martín, Teresa Inés. "El rol de la mujer china a principios del siglo XX en la novela Bansheng yuan de Zhang Ailing." Revista Internacional de Culturas y Literaturas, n.º 23 (2020): 125–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/ricl.2020.i23.09.

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En este artículo reflexionaremos, a través de la lectura Bansheng yuan, la primera novela larga de Zhang Ailing (Eileen Chang), sobre la situación de la mujer china en las primeras décadas del siglo XX. Con el análisis de los tres principales personajes femeninos nos centraremos en destacar dos aspectos que, a pesar de haber avanzado en la teoría, seguían lastrando la posición de la mujer en la práctica: la falta de independencia laboral y el matrimonio.

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Gizbert-Studnicki, Tomasz. "Filozofia polityczna a pozytywistyczna teoria prawa". Przegląd Prawa i Administracji 110 (30 de noviembre de 2017): 15–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1134.110.2.

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POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY AND POSITIVISTIC LEGAL THEORY The purpose of the paper is to explore the question whether the positivistic legal theory may be developed without any assumptions pertaining to political philosophy. The legal theory of H.L. Hart is examined. The author comes to the conclusion that Hart notwithstanding the declaration that his theory is purely descriptive adopts certain tacit evaluative assumptions, and, therefore does not maintain absolute neutrality vis-a-vis political values. Hart’s assumption are, however, minimal and therefore uncontroversial. This causes that his theory is not able to propose asatisfactory explanation of the normativity of law. Various understandings of the role of alegal theory in such an explanation are discussed.

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Gomes, Cilene. "Espaço, Localização e Lugar na teoria de Milton Santos". Terr Plural 14 (2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5212/terraplural.v.14.2015801.046.

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This essay focuses on the study of the conceptual articulation between space, location, and place, based on the space theory of the renowned Brazilian geographer Milton Santos, and highlights the role attributed to Geography in its disciplinary condition of human science and practical action in contributing to planning. This role is exercised through the construction of a comprehensive view of the present, of the states of social crisis, and delineations of political action and future projects. The prevalence of social interest would be due to epistemological disalienation, state change, and the emerging strength of citizens, contributing to the proposition of a more equitable spatial redistribution of social resources.

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Gramigna, Anita y Juan Carlos González-Faraco. "Learning with videogames: Ideas for a Renewal of the Theory of Knowledge and Education". Comunicar 17, n.º 33 (1 de octubre de 2009): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c33-2009-03-007.

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In this paper we reflect on the relationship of games, cognitive development and educational processes during a time of profound technological change. Specifically, we consider the role of videogames in knowledge construction and in children’s education. By studying both the logic of video games and how players understand them, we can develop interesting ideas for re-thinking theories on knowledge and education. Primarily, this text analyzes the role of video games in the world of play in order to delve into its unique narrative models. Finally, we evaluate their virtual features for learning and education in general, then focusing on the risks entailed. We conclude with a cognitive-pedagogical evaluation of the connective thought that videogames can develop. En este artículo se reflexiona sobre la relación del juego con el desarrollo cognitivo y los procesos educativos en un tiempo de profundos cambios tecnológicos. En concreto, sobre el papel de los videojuegos en la construcción del conocimiento y la formación de los niños. Profundizando en la lógica de los videojuegos y en la relación compleja que los usuarios entablan con ellos, pueden extraerse interesantes ideas para repensar la teoría del conocimiento y la educación. El texto analiza primeramente el papel de los videojuegos en el mundo lúdico, para internarse posteriormente en sus modelos narrativos propios. Finalmente se valoran sus virtualidades para el aprendizaje y en general para la educación, sin olvidar sus riesgos. Se concluye en la valorización cognitiva y pedagógica del pensamiento conectivo que pueden desarrollar los videojuegos.

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Martins, Luiz Gustavo Campana. "Normas promocionais e teoria funcional do direito". Scientia Iuris 24, n.º 2 (31 de julio de 2020): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/2178-8189.2020v24n2p189.

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The traditional protective and repressive conception of law can no longer explain the reality, which has undergone a radical transformation. This change came about through the transition from a pure liberal state to a welfare state called the welfare state. Bobbio clarifies that before the law was tied to the image of a state that set rules and an arbitrator, therefore also bound to a sanctioning and coercive action. The role of law in society has always been that of protecting certain interests by repressing deviant acts - from negative sanctions. However, with the new requirements of the welfare state, the law no longer only protects compliant acts, but also encourages innovative acts, based on promotional norms.

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Regiewicz, Adam. "Czy potrzebna jest retoryczna teoria literatury?" Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Poetica 5 (14 de mayo de 2018): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/23534583.5.5.

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Does anyone need the rhetorical theory of literature? The new various directions of the literary research are continiously appearing. Together with them, new perspectives of the research of the literary texts are opening up. They allow to ask questions concerning the language generated by them, with the use of which they shape the literary discourse. Being aware of the consequences of the linguistic shift for the research on culture, today the rethorical viewpoint in the conduct of the theoretical discourse is adopted. At the same time, the attention is paid to the phrases, style, as well as the metaphors used in the current literary research. The entire reflection is accompanied by the comparative spirit, that is, a certain transdisciplinary openness, which calls for abandoning the internal literary field by the theoretical research, and entering the wide field of the culture research. This process is especially visible in the new theoretical-literary directions (cognitive humanities, constructivism, affective theory of literature etc.) and enables to assign to the comparative literature the role of a binder of the taken discourse on the border between theory and rethorics.

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Cvijetić, Marija y Mirjana Đorđević. "Theory of mind and problem behavior in people with intellectual disability". Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija 19, n.º 4 (2020): 263–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/specedreh19-30274.

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Introduction. Behavioral problems are more common in people with intellectual disability than in typical population and present an obstacle to their adaptive functioning and social inclusion. Since adjusted social behavior requires, among other things, an adequate understanding and interpretation of thoughts and behavior of others, theory of mind could be one of the factors of adjusted behavior and behavioral problems in people with intellectual disability. Objective. The aim of this paper is to single out the research in which the issue of the relationship between the ability of theory of mind and behavioral problems of people with intellectual disabilities has been addressed, through a literature review. Methods. Insight into the available literature was performed by searching the electronic databases that are available through the services of the Serbian Library Consortium for Coordinated Acquisition - KOBSON, as well as through Google Scholar and Research Gate. Results. Based on the analyzed research results, it can be concluded that there is a negative correlation between theory of mind and behavioral problems, both in children and in adolescents and adults with intellectual disabilities. While some studies have found a direct link between theory of mind and behavioral problems, others have found that this link is indirect, whereby the role of intermediaries tend to have executive functions, social acceptance, quality of parental interaction and resilience. Conclusion. Since the results of several studies suggest that more advanced theory of mind enables more successful social interactions and more adjusted behavior, it is necessary to enrich the education of people with intellectual disability with contents related to understanding thoughts, emotions, desires and intentions, as one of the elements of approach to treatment, in order to prevent problematic behaviors.

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Musella, Marco. "Moneta e politica monetaria nella teoria di Kaldor*". Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 7, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 1989): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569298x15668907344730.

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Abstract This article focusses on the foundations of Kaldor’s monetary theory. It deals with his view that in modern economic systems the supply of money is an endogenous variable while the demand for money tends to be unstable.These ideas were presented in several essays written in the early 1980’s which emphasized Kaldor’s disagreement with monetarism. The theoretical background of his views was however also presented in previous contributions.Finally the article underlines the implications of Kaldor’s view on money for the role of monetary authorities in macroeconomic stabilization policy.

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Colombatto, Enrico. "Teoria neo-keynesiana e aspettative razionali in economia aperta*". Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 3, n.º 2 (1 de octubre de 1985): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569298x15668907117110.

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Abstract The introductory paragraph is devoted to the outline of the role of the rational expectations (r.e.) element within the Keynesian, the Monetarist and the New-Classical-Economics framework; in all such cases the closed-economy version only is taken into account.The second part of the article, on the other hand, is devoted to the analysis of an open-economy framework, where the consequences of the r.e. hypothesis are analysed in greater depth. In short, two groups of aspects are stressed: on the one hand, considerable attention is given to the importance and the analysis of the velocity of anticipation and of adjustment, both on the goods market and on the capital market; on the other, the dimensions and the frequence of the eventual distortions which arise in the neo-Keynesian and in the Monetarist cases are examined. The results yielded by the analysis carried out within both groups of aspects are then compared with the results obtained from a New-Classical viewpoint. The role of the alternative classes of expectations - apart from the r. e. case - is taken into account as well.

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Majczak, Dominik. "Substitute the President of the Republic of Poland on the Basis of the March Constitution – Theory and Practice". Gubernaculum et Administratio 1(21) (2020): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/gea.2020.01.04.

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In this thesis the author focuses on the figure of Maciej Rataj – the representative of the Polish People’s Party and the long-term Marshal of the Sejm, who was the only person constitutionally performing duties of the President of Poland at the times of the Second Polish Republic. The main part of the thesis concentrates on showing the function, role and duties of the Sejm Marshal as a person who constitutionally acted as the President of Poland. The author explains the necessity of constitutional existence of such a position and its essential importance for maintaining continuity of state power in the country’s state of emergency. The biggest emphasis is put on indicating the manner and methods of performing the function of the Marshal of the Sejm who constitutionally acted as the President of Poland in December 1922 and in May 1926 r. The decisions taken by Maciej Rataj are thoroughly analysed there. What is more, the author estimates their after-effects and examines their compliance with the law, their importance and purposefulness, and, primarily, their influence on the fastest possible normalisation of the country’s political and social life. The author also checks whether the Marshal did not exceed his competences.

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Hutapea, Maya L., Didi Suryadi y Elah Nurlaelah. "ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ EPISTEMOLOGICAL OBSTACLES ON THE SUBJECT OF PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM". Jurnal Pengajaran Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam 20, n.º 1 (16 de febrero de 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18269/jpmipa.v20i1.555.

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This article explains mistakes made by junior high school students in solving Pythagorean Theorem problems as well as analysis of students’ difficulties in applying mathematical concepts (epistemological obstacles), in which these were reflected in their test answers. This research used descriptive exploratory method to describe symptom and phenomena, which occurs within the students’ mind while solving the problem. Data were obtained from a test of Pythagorean Theorem problems given to 99 students from three different schools clusters. Results suggested that students tends to use a quick way to solve the problems without adequate understanding of the concept, remember the term alone without a profound understanding of the concept, fail in solving the problems with implicit information and the problem that requires visual representation in the process of solving the problem. Students also did not like the word problems or a problem with long questions. Teachers play a pivotal role in helping the students to overcome epistemological obstacles such as by giving the students more exercises as well as using different tools and technique in teaching the concept.Keywords: learning obstacles, epistemological obstacles, pythagorean theoremABSTRAKArtikel ini menyajikan kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh siswa sekolah menengah pertama dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal terkait teorema phytagoras dan juga analisis mengenai kesulitan siswa dalam mengaplikasikan konsep matematik (epistemological obstacle). Kesalahan-kesalahan ini dapat dilihat dari jawaban yang diberikan siswa pada tes yang diberikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif untuk menjelaskan fenomena yang terjadi pada siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal terkait teorema Phytagoras. Data yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini berasal dari hasil tes soal-soal Teorema phytagoras yang diberikan pada 99 siswa dari tiga cluster sekolah yang berbeda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa siswa cenderung menggunakan cara cepat untuk menyelesaikan persoalan tanpa memahami konsep, mengingat rumus secara utuh tanpa pemahaman yang mendalam terkait konsep phytagoras, gagal menyelesaikan soal yang memuat informasi yang implisit dan soal yang memuat informasi yang disajikan secara visual. Hasil wawancara menunjukkan bahwa siswa tidak suka soal cerita dan soal yang disajikan secara panjang lebar. Guru memainkan peran yang sangat penting dalam membantu siswa untuk mengatasi epistemological obstacle seperti dengan memberikan siswa latihan soal serta menggunakan berbagai media dan teknik pengajaran dalam mengajarkan konsep.Kata kunci: kesulitan belajar, kesulitan epistemologis, teorema phytagoras

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GAŁGANEK, Andrzej. "Genealogia międzynarodowości. Społeczna teoria stosunków międzynarodowych". Przegląd Politologiczny, n.º 3 (2 de noviembre de 2018): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pp.2010.15.3.1.

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In several papers recently published by the author, the main reference was the theoretical considerations of Justin Rosenberg, in an attempt to show the reasons for the dichotomization of ‘internationality’ and ‘internality,’ and the ways of overcoming this dichotomization. This paper attempts to resolve and conclude these previously discussed issues. On the ground of Rosenberg’s theoretical assumptions, the paper answers the questions of where ‘internationality’ originated, and what is a decisive factor for its existence as the dimension of the social world. The author makes reference to the notion of uneven and combined development as interpreted by J. Rosenberg so as to reconstruct the methods applied in answering the above questions in three stages. Firstly, he discusses the model, allowing a comparison of different methods of combining uneven development with international relations. It emerges that, thus far, all these methods have tended to assume political multiplicity (internationality) rather than explain its existence. Secondly, the author reconstructs the explanations referring to the historical-and-sociological argument presented in the work of Barry Buzan and Richard Little. They place the sources of internationality in the prehistoric transition from a hunter- gatherer existence to an agricultural one, which was connected with processes of social diversification and the formation of proto-states. At first glance, Buzan and Little’s explanation seems to make the notion of uneven and combined development redundant. On more detailed analysis, however, ‘unevenness’ and ‘combination’ turn out to play a key role in Buzan and Little’s empirical argument, albeit not theorized upon. Thirdly, the author of this paper demonstrates how ‘unevenness’ and ‘combination’ are necessary elements in processes of social transformation. Thus, he demonstrates that the sources of ‘internationality’ do come from the uneven and combined nature of historical development.

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Lemes de Oliveira, Fabiano. "Por uma teoria do urbanismo de cunhas verdes". Terr Plural 13, n.º 3 (2019): 410–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5212/terraplural.v.13i3.0026.

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This paper presents a model of balancing urbanization and nature. Firstly, it presents contextual information about the role of nature in facing key contemporary challenges, in particular related to facing the predicted negative consequences of climate change, as well as the destruction of the natural environment because of or derived from anthropic activities. Subsequently, it introduces fundamental aspects of the theory of green wedge urbanism and explores the applicability of the idea in contributing to tackling Brazilian urban challenges. We concluded that green wedge urbanism, given its particular articulation between urbanized and natural areas, presents an effective and flexible structure that can contribute to the urban question in different domains, above all in the maximization of the benefits of nature throughout the urban fabric.

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Brzezińska, Monika Maria. "Teoria ról jako metoda badania miast podzielonych granicą". Studia Polityczne 48, n.º 2 (25 de septiembre de 2020): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/stp.2020.48.2.01.

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The problem of divided cities is not new, yet it must be admitted that the political science approach is a defi nite minority among numerous, primarily geographical and historical approaches. This article contains a review of the current achievements and the state of research in this area, and also indicates the most popular methods, theories and topics that enjoy the greatest research interest, while highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. It also offers a slightly different approach to the problems of divided cities, including an analysis of their international potential considered from the perspective of role theory. This approach treats divided cities as entities building their own power (based primarily on soft power), assuming, however, that the capabilities of each of the ‘twin’ parts of a city are different and not necessarily symmetrical for various reasons.

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Arvizu, Fernando De. "Uma nova interpretação da teoria do régio vicariato indiano". Revista da Faculdade de Direito, n.º 43 (31 de agosto de 2020): 3–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/0104-6594.105984.

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RESUMOEste artigo discorre sobre o papel da teoria vicarialista no projeto de catequização levado a cabo nas Índias ao longo dos séculos XVI e XVII, além de informar a participação das monarquias católicas neste processo. O autor oferece uma visão sobre as questões políticas subjacentes ao desenrolar dessa teoria no período citado e, por fim, aponta para alguns dos seus impactos na América e na Europa, contrastada ao cenário das nascentes Igrejas Reformadas.PALAVRAS-CHAVETeoria vicarialista. Patronato. Juan de Focher. Juan de Solórzano Pereira. ABSTRACTThis article discusses the role of vicarial theory in the catechization project carried out in the Indies throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, appraising the participation of catholic monarchies in this process. The author offers an insight into the political issues underlying the development of this theory in the aforementioned period and, finally, points to some of its impacts in America and Europe, in contrast to the scenario of the dawning Reformed Churches.KEYWORDSVicarial theory. Patronage. Juan de Focher. Juan de Solórzano Pereira.This article discusses the role of vicarial theory in the catechization project carried out in the Indies throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, appraising the participation of catholic monarchies in this process. The author offers an insight into the political issues underlying the development of this theory in the aforementioned period and, finally, points to some of its impacts in America and Europe, in contrast to the scenario of the dawning Reformed Churches..

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Núñez, Isauro Beltrán y Sandra Cristina Bezerra de Barros. "O CONHECIMENTO DE PROFESSORES SOBRE A ORIENTAÇÃO DO ESTUDANTE NA APRENDIZAGEM". Cadernos de Pesquisa 26, n.º 2 (22 de julio de 2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2229.v26n2p87-105.

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Na Teoria Histórico-Cultural, considerando as contribuições de P. Ya. Galperin, a qualidade da orientação elaborada pelo estudante relativa às ações realizadas para aprender de forma ativa, criativa e autorregulada tem uma função essencial nesse processo, tornando relevante o conhecimento dos docentes sobre tal aspecto. Neste estudo, objetivou-se caracterizar o conhecimento de professores das áreas de ciências da natureza e da matemática acerca desse tipo de orientação. Para atingir o referido objetivo, foi utilizada uma prova pedagógica composta por questões abertas, cujas respostas foram analisadas segundo a Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (2011). Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram um desconhecimento dos professores sobre o que é e a importância que tem a orientação das ações elaboradas pelos estudantes como sujeitos ativos de suas aprendizagens, e, em especial, sobre as funções de planejamento e regulação dessas ações, tão necessárias à aprendizagem consciente, segundo a Teoria Histórico-Cultural. Dessa forma, evidencia-se a importância desse conhecimento para a docência, sendo relevante a sua discussão na formação de professores.Palavras-chave: Teoria de Galperin. Orientação. Conhecimento docente.TEACHER KNOWLEDGE ABOUT STUDENT ORIENTATION IN LEARNINGAbstractIn Historical-Cultural Theory, considering the contributions of P. Ya. Galperin, the quality of the student's orientation regarding the actions taken to actively, creatively and self-regulate learning plays an essential role in this process, making relevant the knowledge about this aspect. In this study, the objective was to characterize the knowledge of teachers in the areas of natural sciences and mathematics about this type of orientation. . To achieve this goal, a pedagogical test composed of open questions was applied, and responses were analyzed according to Bardin's Content Analysis Technique (2011). The results show that teachers are not aware of the importance of the actions taken by students as active subjects of their learning process, and especially of the planning and regulation functions of these actions that are necessary for conscious learning, according to the Historical-Cultural Theory.. Thus, the importance of this knowledge for teaching is evident, and its discussion in teacher education is relevant.Keywords: Galperin's Theory. Learning orientation. Teachers' knowledge.EL CONOCIMIENTO DE PROFESORES SOBRE LA ORIENTACIÓN DEL ESTUDIANTE EN EL APRENDIZAJEResumenEn la Teoría Histórico-Cultural, considerando las contribuciones de P. Ya. Galperin, la calidad de la orientación elaborada por el estudiante relativo a las acciones realizadas para aprender de forma activa, creativa y autorregulada tiene una función esencial en ese proceso, haciendo relevante el conocimiento por parte de los profesores sobre ese aspecto. En este estudio, se objetivó caracterizar el conocimiento de profesores de las áreas de ciencias de la naturaleza y de las matemáticas acerca de ese tipo de orientación. Para alcanzar ese objetivo, se utilizó una prueba pedagógica compuesta por cuestiones abiertas, cuyas respuestas fueron analizadas según la Técnica de Análisis de Contenido de Bardin (2011). Los resultados de la investigación mostraron un desconocimiento de los profesores sobre lo que es y la importancia que tiene la orientación de las acciones elaboradas por los estudiantes como sujetos activos de sus aprendizajes, y en especial sobre las funciones de planificación y regulación de esas acciones tan necesarias para aprendizaje consciente, según la Teoría Histórico-Cultural. De esta forma, se evidencia la importancia de ese conocimiento para la docencia, siendo relevante su discusión en la formación de profesores.Palabras clave: Teoría de Galperin. Orientación. Conocimiento docente.

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Maia, Luiz Faustino dos Santos. "O enfermeiro educador: conhecimento técnico na formação profissional docente". Revista Recien - Revista Científica de Enfermagem 2, n.º 5 (5 de agosto de 2012): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24276/rrecien2177-157x.2012.2.5.19-25.

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A atuação do profissional enfermeiro no contexto educacional vem passando por momentos de grandes transformações no ensino caracterizado por mudanças sociais e educacionais. Este estudo teve como objetivo refletir sobre a formação profissional do enfermeiro como educador. O método utilizado para desenvolver este estudo foi através de pesquisa bibliográfica descritiva e analítica. Para a elaboração foram utilizados livros e artigos de banco de dados eletrônicos. Teoria e prática estão vinculadas pelo próprio processo de geração de conhecimento. Da prática surgem novas reflexões e novos conhecimentos, portanto amplia-se a teoria e aí resulta nova alternativa para a prática. Para uma excelente pratica educacional se faz necessário que o docente tenha conhecimento na área pedagógica e de todos os elementos envolvidos no processo de ensino e aprendizagem.Descritores: Enfermeiro, Educação, Conhecimento. The nurse as educator: expertise in training teachersAbstract: The role of the professional nurse in the educational context has experienced moments of great change in education characterized by social and educational changes. This study aimed to reflect on the training of the nurse educator. The method used for this study was developed through a literature descriptive and analytical. Were used for the preparation books and electronic databases. Theory and practice are bound by the process of knowledge generation. Practice brings new ideas and new knowledge thus expands the theory and results there new alternative for practice. For an excellent educational practice is necessary that the teacher has knowledge in the area of teaching and all the elements involved in the process of teaching and learning.Descriptors: Nurse, Education, Knowledge. El enfermero educador: conocimiento técnico en la formación profesional docenteResumen: El papel del profesional de enfermería en el contexto educativo ha experimentado momentos de grandes cambios en la educación se caracteriza por los cambios sociales y educativos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo reflexionar sobre la formación de la enfermera educadora. El método utilizado para este estudio se desarrolló a través de una literatura descriptiva y analítica. Fueron utilizados para los libros de preparación y bases de datos electrónicas. La teoría y la práctica están vinculadas por el proceso de generación de conocimiento. Práctica trae nuevas ideas y nuevos conocimientos ampliando de este modo la teoría y los resultados se nueva alternativa para la práctica. Para una excelente práctica educativa es necesario que el profesor tenga conocimientos en el área de la enseñanza y todos los elementos que intervienen en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje.Descriptores: Enfermero, Educación, Conocimiento.

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Ibiapina, Laís Gama, Inez Sampaio Nery, Silvana Santiago Da Rocha, Lídya Tolstenko Nogueira, Anna Karolina Lages De Araújo y Anna Katharinne Carreiro Santiago. "ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM ÀS ADOLESCENTES GESTANTES SOB A ÓTICA DE CALLISTA ROY". Enfermagem em Foco 7, n.º 3/4 (7 de febrero de 2017): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21675/2357-707x.2016.v7.n3/4.915.

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Objetivo: refletir o potencial de utilização da Teoria de Adaptação de Callista Roy no cuidado de enfermagem à adolescente gestante. Metodologia: reflexão baseada em revisão da literatura, que relaciona o papel da enfermeira no cuidado à adolescente grávida, evidenciando limitações e possibilidades. Resultados: as ações desempenhadas pelo enfermeiro permitem uma atenção individual e integral, bem como disponibilizam ferramentas para o enfrentamento das experiências da gravidez, parto e maternidade, de modo favorável à saúde do binômio mãe/filho. Conclusão: o referencial teórico de Callista Roy permite visualizar a adolescente como um sistema adaptável, com mecanismos de resistência das respostas condicionadas aos estímulos expostos, facilitando a compreensão do enfermeiro sobre as principais necessidades comprometidas no modo adaptativo de função da vida real e função de papel, pois favorece um melhor entendimento e resolução mais efetiva do cuidado.Descritores: Teoria de Enfermagem. Gravidez na Adolescência. Transtornos de Adaptação. Cuidados de Enfermagem.NURSING CARE TO PREGNANT TEENAGERS UNDER THE OPTICS OF CALLISTA ROY THEORYObjective: to reflect the potencial for use the theory of Callista Roy adaptation nursing care pregnant teen. Methodology: a reflection based on literature review, which relates the role of the nurse in the care the teenager pregnant, showing the limitations and possibilities. Results: the actions performed by the nurse allow individual attention and integral, as well as provide tools for confronting the experiences of pregnancy, childbirth, and motherhood, so favorable to the health of the mother/ child dyad. Conclusion: the theoretical framework of Callista Roy allows you to view the teenager as an adaptive system, with resistance mechanisms of conditioned responses to stimuli exposed, facilitating the understanding of the nurse on the main needs committed Adaptive mode of real-life role and function, since it favors a better understanding and more effective resolution of caution.Descriptors: Nursing Theory; Teenage pregnancy; Adjustment disorders; Nursing care.ATENCIÓN DE ENFERMERÍA A ADOLESCENTES EMBARAZADAS BAJO LA ÓPTICA DE CALISTA ROYObjetivo: reflejar el potencial de uso de la teoría de adaptación de Callista Roy asistencia a adolescentes embarazadas. Metodología: una reflexión basada en la revisión de la literatura, que se refiere el papel de la enfermera en el cuidado de la adolescente embarazada, mostrando las limitaciones y posibilidades. Resultados: las acciones realizadas por la enfermera permite una atención personalizada e integral, así como proporcionar herramientas para enfrentar las experiencias del embarazo, el parto y la maternidad, tan favorable para la salud de la díada madre-hijo. Conclusión: el marco teórico de Callista Roy le permite ver al adolescente como un sistema adaptativo, con mecanismos de resistencia de condicionado las respuestas a los estímulos expuestos, facilitando la comprensión de la enfermera en las principales necesidades confiado modo de adaptación de la vida real rol y función, ya que favorece una mejor comprensión y resolución más eficaz de atención.Descriptores: Teoría de enfermería; Embarazo adolescente; Trastornos de adaptación; Cuidados de enfermería.

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López Beltrán, Carlos. "El gene como factor causal probabilístico en la teoría de la selección natural". Crítica (México D. F. En línea) 25, n.º 75 (7 de enero de 1993): 31–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iifs.18704905e.1993.905.

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This paper aims to give a causal account of the privileged status of genes in the theory of natural selection. Adding to the arguments that Dawkins (1976, 1982) and Kitcher & Sterelny (1989) have given for a distinction between the role of genes as units of natural selection, and that of other structures and properties from higher levels of organization, it criticizes the hierarchical view of a multiplicity of units for its lack of awareness of a basic causal assymetry between the genic and other levels. Being located at what one might call a Weismannian vertex, genes, it is argued, neatly articulate the two different dimensions of probabilistic causality, the token causality and the type causality. They do not have the passive (book-keeping) role some authors want to give them but are causally (probabilistically) responsible both for the recurrence of features from generation to generation, and for the presence of similar genes in future gene-pools. Heritability, it is also argued, when properly understood, can be seen as the biological property that captures this dual causal role of genes.

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Wang, Shujun. "Construction of Acculturation-Oriented Teaching Pattern in College Foreign Languages Courses – From Cultural Experience Theory Perspective". Futhark. Revista de Investigación y Cultura, n.º 14 (2019): 225–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/futhark.2019.i14.15.

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Language is an integral part of culture and culture’s big role in language learning can never be exaggerated too much. With worldwide globalization development, it grows to be a heated topic on how to improve foreign language learning outcome by culture teaching. Based on Schumann’s Acculturation Model and Moran’s Cultural Experience Theory, attempts are made to shed more light on acculturation-oriented pattern construction from cultural experience perspective to guide college foreign language teaching in a more effective way. In addition, pedagogical implications are put forward as well.

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Saturnino Braga, Antonio Frederico. "O papel das idealizações na interpretação pragmatista da tradição da Teoria Crítica". Analytica. Revista de Filosofia 22, n.º 2 (5 de agosto de 2020): 28–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35920/arf.2018.v22i2.28-49.

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O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a interpretação pragmatista da tradição da Teoria Crítica, e o papel que as idealizações neokantianas assumem nesta interpretação. Tentaremos mostrar que, em uma interpretação pragmatista, o cerne da Teoria Crítica consiste em uma tensão argumentativa vinculada à estruturação comunicativo-discursiva típica das sociedades democráticas contemporâneas, como estruturação que confere às discussões práticas um papel primordial na dinâmica social concreta. Partindo de uma análise das diferenças entre as perspectivas antiga e moderna de compreensão da discussão prática, procuramos mostrar que, no âmbito das discussões práticas modernas ou contemporâneas, as idealizações neokantianas assumem um papel central, definido através da oposição a fatores objetivos ou objetivados, alheios à racionalidade, que admitidamente afetam tais discussões. Nesse contexto, as idealizações neokantianas se configuram como suposições idealizadoras, com as quais os participantes das discussões não podem deixar de em alguma medida se comprometer. AbstractThe aim of this paper is to analyze the pragmatist interpretation of Critical Theory, and the role that the neo-kantians idealizations assume in this interpretation. We argue that, in the pragmatist interpretation, the core of Critical Theory is located in an argumentative tension linked to the communicative and discursive structuring typical of the contemporary democratic societies, as a structuring which gives to the practical discussions a primordial role in the concrete dynamics of society. Starting from an analysis of the differences between the ancient and the modern perspectives of comprehension of practical discussion, we argue that, in the context of the modern or contemporary practical discussions, the neo-kantians idealizations assume a key role, defined by the opposition to objective or objectified elements, which are alien to rationality, and affect such discussions. In this context, the neo-kantians idealizations take the figure of idealizing suppositions, with which the participants cannot help engaging.

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Sobiech, Maciej. "Roussowska teoria woli powszechnej w publicystyce i myśli politycznej Gilberta Keitha Chestertona". Acta Neophilologica 2, n.º XXII (1 de diciembre de 2020): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/an.5590.

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The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the role Rousseau’s doctrine of general will played in the thought and writings of Gilbert Keith Chesterton. The article begins with the characterization of the doctrine of general will as understood by Rousseau. Then, an overview of the existing critique of Chesterton’s heritage and what it had (or did not have to) to say about the matter in question is conducted. Next, the fact that Chesterton accepted the doctrine of general will is demonstrated by means of textual analysis. The paper ends with a section devoted to drawing some practical conclusions from the results of the analysis, with special stress laid on the fact that acknowledging the role the doctrine of general will played in Chesterton’s thought might not only serve as a “hermeneutical key” to the more controversial of his ideas (his democratism and his alleged anti-Semitism taken as examples), but also serve as the means to change the overall perception of him as a political thinker from a Catholic integrist to a Catholic pluralist.

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Petro González, Ingrid Regina. "EL JUEZ EN EL NEOCONSTITUCIONALISMO Y SU PAPEL EN EL SISTEMA DE CONTROL DIFUSO DE CONSTITUCIONALIDAD EN COLOMBIA". Pensamiento Americano 9, n.º 17 (1 de julio de 2016): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21803/pensam.v9i17.60.

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El presente ensayo tiene un enfoque de investigación cualitativo y un alcance descriptivo, por ello, la metodología utilizada para su construcción corresponde a la revisión documental o bibliográfica que permitiese analizar el papel de los jueces en el control difuso de constitucionalidad, teniendo en cuenta el marco del neconstitucionalismo colombiano. El principal hallazgo obtenido es que el papel de los jueces en un ordenamiento jurídico no debe sobreentenderse como el cumplimiento de funcio-nes mecánicas y prestablecidas, sino que debe obedecer al contexto social en el que se desempeña e ir de la mano con el desa-rrollo de los pueblos, ampliamente marcado por la evolución del derecho que rige en ellos. Así pues, el neoconstitucionalismo como teoría del derecho, plantea el estudio de las nuevas formas, conceptos, procedimientos, entre otros; que surgen a partir de las constituciones modernas y que imponen retos a todas las instituciones, entre ellas las judiciales. El sistema de control difuso de constitucionalidad es una de las figuras que exige ser analizada, estructurada y asumida como un reto a la luz del neoconstitucionalismo en la experiencia y el contexto propio colombiano.

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Paglietti, Paola. "Exploring the role of accounting history following the adoption of IFRS in Europe. The case of Italy". De Computis - Revista Española de Historia de la Contabilidad 6, n.º 11 (31 de diciembre de 2009): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.26784/issn.1886-1881.v6i11.133.

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La adopción de los “International Financial Reporting Standards” (IFRS), impuesto por el Reglamento (CE) número 1606/2002, puede ser particularmente perturbador en los países donde la tradición teórico-contable y la normativa del sector están particularmente desarrolladas. Esta investigación presenta un estudio que subraya la importancia de las soluciones contables anteriores que se han desarrollado a escala nacional para enfrentar eldesafío de adoptar un conjunto de normas internacionales de contabilidad que se han desarrollado exógenamente como los IFRS en el actual escenario europeo. La investigación pone su atención sobre Italia y reconsidera el método de contabilidad “patrimonial” que se desarrolló durante la década de 1880 por Fabio Besta (1845-1922), un erudito italiano que se considera unánimemente el iniciador de la moderna teoría de la contabilidad en Italia.Su enfoque se utilizó en Italia hasta los años ’70 y luego fue sustituido por otro enfoque, el del estudioso Gino Zappa (1879-1960). Fabio Besta pasó de una teoría de contabilidad “personalista” a una “materialista” (o “no personalista”). Él presentó nuevas ideas bastante similares en muchos aspectos a los métodos teóricos de contabilidad anglo-americanos modernos (Zambon, 2001; Viganò y Mattessich, 2007). La teoría de la contabilidad “patrimonial” pone su atención sobre la riqueza de una empresa, como se refleja en el estado de situación patrimonial, y en sus valoraciones. Esta teoría, nos evoca la llamada “perspectiva de activos y pasivos”, que es el enfoque utilizado por varios organismos normativos, como por ejemplo FASB e IASB, para desarrollar marcos conceptuales. Este enfoque define el objetivo de los estados contables de proporcionar información sobrela posición financiera de la empresa, entendida como la riqueza de la empresa misma. Los activos y pasivos son definidos como recursos y obligaciones y se consideran como los principales indicadores de la riqueza de una empresa. Los ingresos y los gastos vienen indirectamente definidos en términos de cambios en activos y pasivos (Sprouse y Moonitz 1962). Como consecuencia, la ganancia del período mide el incremento o la disminución delpatrimonio neto de la empresa (FASB, 1976). Este trabajo empieza con un análisis de la teoría de Besta y luego sigue con un análisis comparativo de esta teoría con el marco conceptual de los IFRS y sus medidas de evaluación. El análisis comparativo lleva varias similitudes. Ambos enfoques se han construido sobre las mismas bases teóricas, es decir, la perspectiva contable “patrimonial” y la visión reduccionista de la riqueza de una empresa. En conclusión, este documento evalúa a Fabio Besta con una visión nueva en la era de los IFRS. Sus perspectivas teóricas podrían ayudar a entender mejor y al mismo tiempo a juzgar el actual contexto contable con el objetivo de mejor integrar a los estudiosos contemporáneos en el nuevo escenario internacional donde los principios contables se están desarrollando.

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Romani, Roberto. "Sull'irrilevanza della teoria: l'analisi del salario in Italia, 1890-1900". HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT AND POLICY, n.º 2 (marzo de 2009): 37–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/spe2008-002002.

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- The essay deals with the Italian economists' debate on wages at the time of the advent of trade unions. This new fact altered the wage level and prompted Italian economists' to reconsider the principles and circumstances shaping wages. It is argued that abstract economic theory such as Pareto's and Pantaleoni's exerted little influence over the ongoing public debate. Yet economists of less abstract leanings that is, inspired by Marshall or Schmöller rather than Walras played a crucial role by disseminating among the public the ideas and experiences current in more developed countries and in Britain in particular. As usual in second comer countries, economists came to embody ‘modernity', although the relatively backward social and political situation of Italy made imitation impossible in practice (e.g. paying the high wages recommended by Brassey, Brentano, and others). JEL classification: B13, B15, J58. Keywords: wage; trade unions; Pareto; historical school.

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PÉREZ TRIVIÑO, José L. "Dios y soberano en la teología y en la teoría jurídica". Revista Española de Filosofía Medieval 7 (1 de octubre de 2000): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/refime.v7i.9452.

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In this paper I analyze the use of the concepts of «God» and «Sovereign» in the Later Middle Age. I try to show the analogies between the properties of both concepts (omnipotence, unity, illimitability and indivisibility). On the other hand I analyze: 1 o the epistemological problems of the relation God-World and State-Law; 2° the analogy between the miracle and the original constitutive power; 3° the resemblance between the pope infallibility and the sentence of a supreme tribunal. At the end I make reference to the legitimatory role of these analogies to enhance the institution of the sovereign in these historical context.

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Faggion, Vinicius. "Is the Judicial Role Just a Descriptive Social Fact?" Problema. Anuario de Filosofía y Teoría del Derecho 1, n.º 14 (5 de agosto de 2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iij.24487937e.2020.14.14904.

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El libro Moral Combat: The Dilemma of Legal Perspectivalism, de Heidi Hurd, intenta determinar el ámbito de las obligaciones morales en la toma de decisiones judiciales, y llega a una conclusión escéptica sobre moralidades relacionadas con papeles. Continuaré esta discusión relacionando las tesis de Hurd con tres teorías conocidas sobre obligaciones de papales. En seguida, argumentaré qué papeles profesionales en sí mismos no pueden generar obligaciones morales. Y, finalmente, explicaré cómo otra teoría puede explicar mejor la relación entre papeles judiciales y obligaciones morales de una manera no constitutiva.

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Oliveira e Silva, Irma Dutra Gomes de y Pedro Labriola. "Role Theory como terceira via nas Relações Internacionais". Monções: Revista de Relações Internacionais da UFGD 8, n.º 15 (30 de junio de 2019): 73–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.30612/rmufgd.v8i15.11531.

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O presente trabalho convida a uma reflexão sobre a Role Theory (RT) e seu desenvolvimento nas Relações Internacionais por meio de uma revisão de literatura dos trabalhos publicados nas últimas décadas. Busca analisar o encontro dos dois subcampos da área: o subcampo de Política Internacional (PI) e o de Análise de Política Externa (APE) vislumbrado por meio da RT. Compreender o processo de mudança da postura dos Estados em diferentes temáticas exige a ponderação de fatores estruturais, institucionais e identitários do sistema internacional e do ambiente doméstico, e a RT parece ser capaz de unir os diferentes níveis de análise de forma satisfatória. A junção entre teorias das RI e APE pela RT só é possível devido a particularidades dessa teoria, por isso compreender como a RT dialoga com cada um desses campos é relevante. Assim, o artigo trata das origens da RT nas ciências humanas e nas RI, alguns dos diálogos dessa teoria com as demais, sua relação com a APE, além dos seus principais conceitos. Também serão explorados brevemente exemplos de trabalhos que utilizam a RT para o estudo da política externa brasileira. Outro motivo para a apresentação do histórico e do arcabouço conceitual vem da necessidade de unificar conceitos expostos em manuais e artigos recentes da RT, cuja reflexão pode ser útil para análises futuras que desejem utilizar a RT como modelo teórico. Ênfase maior é conferida a dois conceitos: National Role Conceptions (NRC) e Domestic Role Contestation (DRC). O conceito de NRC pode ser definido como a percepção dos policymakers sobre a posição de suas nações no sistema internacional e são, ao menos em tese, visões domesticamente compartilhadas sobre qual deve ser o role assumido pelo próprio Estado no sistema internacional; são a base da Role Theory nas RI.Recebido em: setembro de 2019Aceito em: fevereiro de 2020

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Xavier de Aguiar, Tulio Roberto. "CAUSALIDADE, CONTRAFACTUAIS E LEIS". Síntese: Revista de Filosofia 45, n.º 141 (30 de abril de 2018): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20911/21769389v45n141p89/2018.

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Resumo: Examino, neste artigo, a teoria contrafactual da causação de David Lewis, mostrando seu duplo aspecto como análise do conceito de causação e como investigação do que causação é na realidade. Eu comparo a teoria lewisiana com a teoria humiana da causação, enfatizando o papel diferente que as leis naturais têm em cada sistema e argumento que a teoria contrafactual tem maior sensibilidade para capturar os variados graus de contingência das relações causais.Abstract: In this article, I examine the counterfactual theory of causation of David Lewis, showing its dual aspect as analysis of the concept of causation and as research of what causation really is. I compare the Lewisian theory with Hume’s theory of causation, emphasizing the different role natural laws play in each system and argue that the counterfactual theory is more sensitive to capture the varied degrees of contingency of causal relationships.

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Power, Michael. "Cognitive psychopathology: The role of emotion". Análise Psicológica 27, n.º 2 (2 de diciembre de 2012): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14417/ap.194.

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Neste artigo fazemos uma reflexão sobre o papel da emoção na compreensão da psicopatologia. Fazemos uma breve revisão e apontamos uma série de limitações do influente modelo da Psicoterapia Cognitiva preconizado por Beck. Dois pontos particularmente fracos são destacados na compreensão da psicopatologia cognitiva; nomeadamente, a importância dos sistemas de processamento multi-nível e a importância das emoções. Apresentamos o modelo SPAARS de Power e Dalgleish (1997, 2008), para mostrar as vantagens que resultam da inclusão de processos de multi-nível combinados com uma teoria relacionada com as emoções. Com o objectivo de ilustrar a aplicação do modelo SPAARS à psicopatologia cognitiva, referimos, de forma sucinta, o que foi observado numa recente análise sobre o perfil da depressão e ansiedade clínicas. Estas análises ilustram também a importância das emoções relacionadas com a vergonha na depressão, em contraste com as emoções relacionadas com a culpa que são destacadas em sistemas de classificação como o DSM-IV.

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Lenček, Mirjana, Mateja Usorac y Jasmina Ivšac Pavliša. "Specifične teškoće učenja i cerebelarna teorija - uvid u zadatke ravnoteže i motorike". Hrvatska revija za rehabilitacijska istraživanja 53, n.º 1 (6 de julio de 2017): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31299/hrri.53.1.8.

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The cerebellar deficit hypothesis, proposed by Nicolson and Fawcett (1996; 1999), suggests that dyslexia, one of the most frequent specific learning disabilities, involves general impairment in the ability to perform skills automatically, which several studies have linked to the cerebellum. Disorders in cerebellar development may lead to impairments in reading and writing that are key features of dyslexia and other specific learning disabilities, which would be consistent with the presumed role of the cerebellum in language-related skills. The cerebellum has traditionally been considered as a motor area, so performance on motor and balance tasks may be a way to assess problems in cerebellar function associated with specific learning impairment. The aim of the present study was to determine whether there are differences in performance on balance and motor tasks (Yap and van der Leij, 1994; Ramus and colleagues, 2003) between students with specific learning disabilities (N=32) and typically developing students (N=32), as well as to determine whether performance in both groups correlates with reading skills. Students were in the fourth grade of elementary school in Zagreb, Croatia. Typically developing students achieved a significantly higher total score on balance and motor tasks than students with specific learning disabilities (Mann Whitney U test), supporting the cerebellar deficit hypothesis. In addition, performance on balance and motor tasks correlated significantly with performance on reading tasks (Spearman’s rank correlation). Further research is needed to clarify these correlations and why they occur.

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Freitas, Marcus Vinicius. "O escritor e seu ofício: em busca da Teoria da Literatura". Aletria: Revista de Estudos de Literatura 20, n.º 2 (30 de agosto de 2010): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2317-2096.20.2.183-198.

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Resumo: O presente artigo constitui a formulação das hipóteses e das linhas de análise de uma pesquisa sobre os elementos de teoria da literatura constantes das reflexões de diversos escritores da literatura brasileira sobre o ofício de escritor. O corpus da pesquisa inclui tanto poetas quanto prosadores de ficção, num arco temporal que vai do século XIX à contemporaneidade, com vista ao levantamento de reflexões e posições autorais sobre temas que se agrupam em dois campos, correspondentes à poesia e à prosa de ficção, respectivamente: a) inspiração poética, uso de formas fixas e ritmos, versificação, conceito de poesia, conceito de lírica, poesia e invenção, poesia e tradição, poesia e outras artes, papel social do poeta, poesia e tradução; b) narrador, ponto de vista, conceitos de tempo e de espaço ficcionais, construção de personagens, construção autoral, representação da realidade na ficção, gêneros narrativos, literatura de ficção e outras artes, ficção e história, tradições narrativas, papel social do prosador de ficção, narrativa e tradução. O corpus privilegia autores que não tenham sido ou não sejam críticos profissionais, mas atém-se àqueles que, num momento eventual de suas trajetórias, sentiram a necessidade de fazer reflexões sobre o próprio ofício, seja através de livros especificamente dedicados ao tema e suas subdivisões, seja através de cartas, prefácios, memórias, crônicas, conferências ou entrevistas. O objetivo último do trabalho é o de construir uma visão geral dos problemas específicos da disciplina Teoria da Literatura através das reflexões dos escritores.Palavras-chave: ofício do escritor, teoria da literatura, elementos da poesia, elementos da narrativa.Abstract: The present paper displays the main hypotesis and approaches for a research project about elements of literary theory gathered from personal reflections made by several Brazilian writers on the task of writer. The scope includes poets as well as fictional writers ranking from XIXth century up to the present time. The project aims at taking into consideration authoral reflections concerned to two distinct fields, linked to poetry and narrative fiction respectively: a) poetic inspiration, use of poetical forms and rhythms,concept of poetry, concept of lyricism, invention and tradition, poetry and other arts, social role of poets, poetry and translation; b) narrator, narrative point-of-view, fictional time and space, character development, mimesis, narrative genres, novel and other arts, fiction and history, narrative tradition, social role of writers, translation. The research highlights poets and writers who have never been professional critics, focusing on those who, by chance or for personal interest, in a certain moment felt the necessity of reflecting on his/her own authorial work through personal letters, prefaces, memoirs, conferences, speeches, interviews or even books specifically dedicated to the theme. Evetually the present research project aims at building up a very course of Literary Theory throughout reflections brought up by poets and writers.Keywords: task of writer, literary theory, poetic elements, narrative elements.

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Graça, Tamiris Uracs de Sales, Silvia Cristina Mangini Bocchi, Suzimar De Fátima Benato Fusco y Marla Andréia Garcia de Avila. "A experiência do cuidador informal à luz da Teoria Geral da Enfermagem". Online Brazilian Journal of Nursing 16, n.º 3 (24 de agosto de 2018): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.17665/1676-4285.20175649.

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Aim: To understand the experience of informal caregivers in the care of the elderly victims of fall and proximal fracture of the femur and surgery. Method: This is a qualitative study carried out in a teaching hospital, using Bardin's content analysis as a methodological reference, and Orem's General Theory of Nursing as a theoretical reference. Results: Of the 14 informal caregivers, the majority were female and daughters of the patients. From the speeches of the participants, the thematic categories emerged: The day of the fall, a traumatic event; agony and tension by waiting for the bed and surgery; fear, frustration, and lack of preparedness of the informal caregiver; changes in the life, deprivation and overload of the caregiver; resilient care. Conclusion: Informal caregivers should be trained from the prevention of the event to the transition from hospital care to home rehabilitation, rescuing the role of the nurse within the multidisciplinary team, and with the support by the General Theory of Nursing.

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Coelho, Humberto Schubert. "A CONSTITUIÇÃO HISTÓRICA DA SUBJETIVIDADE NAS REVISÕES DA TEORIA HEGELIANA". Síntese: Revista de Filosofia 45, n.º 141 (30 de abril de 2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20911/21769389v45n141p75/2018.

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Resumo: Não apenas pela natureza sistemática do projeto hegeliano como pela importância que a teoria da subjetividade inconfundivelmente assume para ele, a filosofia da história, como outros elementos, não pode ser satisfatoriamente compreendida sem uma análise conjunta do caráter histórico da subjetividade. Uma vez que subjetividade e intersubjetividade se sustentam e justificam mutuamente, toda teoria da história é sempre e necessariamente também uma teoria sobre as biografias, individuais, e as formas da cultura, das coletividades. Ao passo que estes finitos não produzem o todo, o todo tem de poder ser neles encontrado, de maneira que os princípios gerais, como o da história, estão sempre implícitos nos sujeitos e suas comunidades específicas. Somente assim entende-se que a filosofia da história é capaz de resistir às muitas críticas de anulação da individualidade e da incerteza quanto ao destino, oriunda do livre-arbítrio humano. Apresentaremos, portanto, alguns dos intérpretes contemporâneos do hegelianismo buscando enfatizar suas teorias da subjetividade como imprescindíveis para esboços de filosofia da história que preencham os critérios mais atuais.Abstract: Due to the systematic nature of the Hegelian Project and the unmistakably important role the theory of subjectivity plays in this project, the philosophy of history, as well as many other aspects of the system, cannot satisfactorily be understood without a joint analysis of the historical character of subjectivity. Since subjectivity and intersubjectivity are mutually supportive and justify each other, any theory of history is consequently and necessarily also a theory on biographies (individuality) and on the forms of culture (collectivity). Whereas these finites cannot produce the whole, totality has to be found in them so that the general principles, such as that of history, are always implicit in individuals and their specific communities. Only then can the philosophy of history resist against the numerous allegations of annihilation of individual freedom and the uncertainty of destiny, which derives from human free will. This article will therefore present some contemporary interpreters of Hegel whose theories of subjectivity are indispensable for the essays on the philosophy of history that comply with the most recent criteria.

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Kafel, Małgorzata. "Jazz jako model twórczości literackiej. „Jazzowa teoria literatury” Julio Cortázara (Gra w klasy)". Przestrzenie Teorii, n.º 29 (31 de enero de 2019): 127–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pt.2018.29.4.

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The article is an attempt at analysing the role of the references to jazz music in the Argentinian writer’s most famous novel, which chapters 10–18 provide an interesting example of the use of this kind of music as a means of a whole range of extraliterary meanings. In the article Hopscotch is treated both as a Cortázar’s artistic manifesto and as an example of a work which fulfils its assumptions in the most complete manner. Musical elements such as improvisation and swing shape the novel in its various aspects, from narration to structure, reflecting a surrealism-inspired need to create literature that transcends traditional ontological frameworks. Jazz is also an illustration of aspirations to independence in artistic and social fields, as well as a means of conveying philosophical ideas and reaching the subconscious.

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Murphy, John W. "Ko galima tikėtis iš socialinės teorijos postmetafizikos amžiuje?" Sociologija. Mintis ir veiksmas 32, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2013): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/socmintvei.2013.1.1851.

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Santrauka. Šiandieną socialinė teorija laikoma problemiška sritimi. Kai kurių kritikų požiūriu, teorija yra labai abstrakti. Abstrakčios teorijos paskirtis – išplėtoti koncepcinę sistemą, kuria remiantis būtų galima sukonkretinti, kaip funkcionuoja visuomenė ir sudedamosios jos dalys. Kitų kritikų požiūriu, teorija – nepakankamai abstrakti, orientuota pernelyg partikuliaristiškai ir nagrinėja tik tai, kaip konkretūs asmenys atsako sau patiems bei kitiems. Šios teorijos akiratyje – sąveika labai apribotuose kontekstuose. Abu šie požiūriai remiasi skirtingomis prielaidomis. Šiame straipsnyje, orientuojantis į dabartines diskusijas sociologijoje, siekiama išnagrinėti, kodėl abstrakcijos klausimas socialinei teorijai yra svarbus. Taip pat analizuojama, ar ir kaip teorija išplėtoja gebėjimus formuluoti apibendrintus ir abstrakčius teiginius apie socialinę tikrovę. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: socialinė teorija, abstrakcijos klausimas, postmetafizinė era. Keywords: social theory, the question of abstraction, Post-metaphysical Era.ABSTRACT WHAT CAN BE EXPECTED FROM SOCIAL THEORY IN THE ERA OF POST-METAPHYSICS? There are many complaints nowadays about social theory. On the one hand, theory is considered to be too abstract. The thrust of this approach, accordingly, is to develop a grand scheme that details how society or some component operates. Others argue, on the other hand, that theory is not abstract enough. These critics contend that theory is too particularistic and deals with simply how persons respond to themselves and others. Hence the focus is on interaction within very restricted confines. Each viewpoint merely begins from a different source. By invoking an actual debate that occurred in sociology, the thrust of this paper is to illustrate why the question of abstraction haunts theory. Additionally, an important issue that must be clarified is whether theory has any role without the ability to make generalized or increasingly abstract claims about social life.

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