Tesis: "Territorial dynamics"

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Quan, Julian Francis. "Rural territorial dynamics in northeast Brazil : the Jiquiriçá Valley in Bahia". Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2014. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/13135/.

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This research undertook a case study in Northeast Brazil to address three inter-related research questions: (i) what factors explain the performance of rural areas combining growth, poverty reduction and social inclusion? (ii) Have coalitions of social actors contributed to progressive outcomes by influencing institutional change? (iii) What are the implications for policy? The investigation contributed to a Latin American research programme on Rural Territorial Dynamics, which undertook 20 studies of rural areas displaying broadly successful outcomes, according to census and household survey data. The Jiquiriçá valley is an agricultural region characterised by family farming, and forms one of 26 clusters of municipalities in Bahia designated as Territórios de Identidade under policies promoting participation in development planning. The study applied geographical and social science concepts of territoriality, social networks, coalitions, and institutional change, to a combined qualitative and quantitative analysis of data gathered from key informants, farming communities, urban traders, and secondary sources. It identified distinct development trajectories in different parts of the valley, explained by geographical variations in natural resources, agrarian structure, agricultural markets and the impacts of public policies. Inclusive prosperity in the valley’s Atlantic Forest region is explained by its concentration of small family farmers, good links with diversified markets, and a rural union movement active within a broader social coalition. This coalition has achieved significant innovation in certain municipalities and led development of a government-assisted territorial forum, although not including private sector actors or more conservative municipalities. Nevertheless, government policies have failed to invest in inclusive economic development,and have overlooked the valley’s socio-spatial diversity. Positive development outcomes in the valley mainly result from growth of agricultural markets and public financial transfers. The conclusion considers broader lessons for rural and territorial development policy and practice, with reference to findings of other investigations in Brazil and Latin America.

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2

Bou, Antoun Layal. "L'activité vitivinicole comme base d'une dynamique territoriale : le cas de la Bekaa au Liban". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAE006/document.

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Depuis environ un demi-siècle nous assistons à une intégration du concept du territoire dans l’étude de la problématique du développement économique dans les pays du Sud comme dans les pays du Nord. La nouvelle approche considère le territoire comme un acteur du développement et non uniquement un support de l’activité économique. Elle se base sur le constat que le développement ne peut pas se réaliser qu’au plus près des acteurs territoriaux qui valorisent les ressources (génériques et spécifiques) disponibles sur le territoire par une dynamique technico-économique de production assurant sa compétitivité et une dynamique socio-institutionnelle de régulation garantissant son maintien et sa durabilité. Cette thèse se veut une contribution à la compréhension et à l’enrichissement de cette nouvelle approche du développement.A partir d’une réflexion approfondie sur le cas de la Bekaa (un territoire périphérique – dans le sens géographique et économique – du Liban), nous tentons de démontrer, que dans le contexte d’une structure économique génératrice de déséquilibres sectoriels et spatiaux et de disparités sociales, la notion de développement territorial et les concepts qui lui sont associés (système économique territorial, organisation territoriale, régulation locale, rendement collectif…) constituent un cadre d’analyse approprié et peuvent être un outil efficace d’une politique de développement au niveau régional ou local. Notre analyse s’efforce à montrer qu’au sein d’un cluster agricole à la Bekaa se développe un système économique territorial structuré autour de la filière vitivinicole engendrant une dynamique socioéconomique territoriale susceptible d’améliorer les conditions de vie de la communauté locale. Bien qu’elle soit ancrée dans le territoire de la Bekaa, l’activité vitivinicole est loin de se développer en autarcie. Elle cherche en permanence à s’inscrire dans une économie mondialisée grâce à l’ouverture internationale des acteurs locaux. Dans le contexte actuel de la globalisation, cette ouverture sur l’extérieur, tout en offrant d’importantes opportunités, est simultanément source de défis sur le plan concurrentiel. Le SET vitivinicole de la Bekaa fait face également à d’autres défis relevant de facteurs endogènes tels que les interactions entre les acteurs. C’est pourquoi il est incontournable de mettre en place une gouvernance territoriale susceptible de réguler les rapports inter-acteurs et d’élaborer des stratégies collectives de promotion territoriale
For about half a century we have witnessed an integration of the concept of territory in the analysis of economic development in less developed countries as well as in developed ones. The new approach considers the territory as an actor of development and not merely as a spatial frame for the economic activity. It is based on the observation that development must be carried out as close as possible to the local actors who value the resources (generic and specific) available on the territory by a technical-economic dynamic of production ensuring its competitiveness and a socio-institutional dynamic of regulation guaranteeing its sustainability. This thesis aims to contribute to the understanding and improvement of this new approach of development.With a deep consideration of the Bekaa (a peripheral territory - in the geographical and economic sense - of Lebanon), we try to demonstrate that in the context of an economic structure generating sectoral and spatial imbalances and social disparities, the notion of territorial development and the concepts associated with it (territorial economic system, territorial organization, local regulation, collective efficiency ...) constitute an appropriate framework of analysis and can be an effective tool for a development policy on the local level. Our analysis attempts to show that within the Bekaa agricultural cluster develops a territorial economic system structured around the wine industry, generating a territorial socio-economic dynamic capable of improving the living conditions of the local community. Although it is anchored in the territory of the Bekaa, wine activity is far from developing in autarchy. It constantly seeks to be part of a globalized economy thanks to the international openness of local players. In the current context of globalization, this openness to the outside world, while offering important opportunities, simultaneously presents challenges on a competitive level. The Bekaa territorial economic system also faces other challenges arising from endogenous factors such as interactions between actors. Therefore, it is essential to set up territorial governance that can regulate inter-actors’ relations and develop collective strategies for territorial promotion

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3

Huertas, Daniel Monteiro. "Da fachada atlântica ao âmago da hiléia: integração nacional e fluidez territorial no processo de expansão da fronteira agrícola". Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-09102007-140247/.

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O peso crescente do agronegócio na economia brasileira e as discussões em torno do modelo de desenvolvimento ideal para as áreas de expansão da fronteira agrícola têm sido um dos focos de debate relevantes para o futuro do País. Em um mundo ditado por um sistema econômico cada vez mais complexo, que exige respostas rápidas e adequadas à sua lógica, torna-se um imperativo distribuir a produção com eficiência, otimizando custos e valorizando os lugares circunscritos pela atuação das grandes empresas. A expansão dessas zonas, a partir da década de 1950, proporcionou uma complexidade territorial susceptível à análise geográfica, configurando um subsistema de circulação que estreita o vínculo de fluxos de partes das regiões Centro-Oeste e Norte ao restante do País. A proposta deste trabalho, então, parte da hipótese de que uma rede estruturadora de fluxos materiais, composta pelo entrelaçamento de vetores hidroviários e rodoviários em pontos nodais estratégicos, está se configurando para atender aos anseios da inserção e do crescimento de relevantes circuitos produtivos (principalmente soja, madeira, recursos minerais e pecuária bovina) nessas áreas, tidas até recentemente como desprovidas de movimento. À luz da teoria do espaço geográfico, procuramos direcionar o foco de nosso objeto de estudo para a fluidez territorial nessas \"porções\" do território nacional e analisamos a constituição das redes técnicas mediante uma periodização condizente com as transformações do meio geográfico. Por trás da instalação do meio técnico-científicoinformacional no período atual, desenha-se um quadro composto por elementos relacionados ao binômio psicosfera - tecnosfera que tenta justificar os eventos portadores de racionalidades exógenas ao lugar. Além de tentarmos demonstrar e explicar a configuração da rede supracitada (\"quadrilátero\" Manaus - Belém - DF/Goiânia - Porto Velho), como preocupação analítica paralela pretendemos refletir sobre a emergência de uma coesão territorial que possa fortalecer o ainda tênue perfil do mercado nacional. Assim, cabe perguntarmos de que maneira o avanço da fronteira agrícola está se desenvolvendo e a quem realmente beneficiará.
The emerging importance of agribusiness in the Brazilian economy and the discussions of the ideal development model for the expansion areas in the agricultural frontier has been one of the main topics of debate for the future of the country. In a world ruled by an economic system each time more complex which demands fast and adequate answers to its logic, it is imperative the efficient distribution of the production, optimizing costs and valuing the places circumscribed by the performance of the big companies. The expansion of these areas, which began in the 50\'s, has provided a territorial complexity susceptible to geographic analysis, configuring a circulation subsystem that narrows the bond of flows in parts of the Middle-West and North regions to the rest of the country. The proposal of this work starts from the hypothesis that a settling net of the material flows, composed by the interlacement of roads and river roads vectors in strategical points, is being set up to attend the insertion willings and the growth of productive circuits (mainly soy, wood, mineral resources and bovine cattle) in these areas, yet known as unprovided of movement. Based on the geographic space theory, we set the focus of our study object on the territorial fluidity in these \"portions\" of the national territory and analyze the constitution of the technical nets which faces a frequent schedule related with the transformations in the geographic environment. Behind this technician-scientific-informacional installation in the current period, a picture composed by elements related to the psycosphere - technosphere duality is drawn, wich try to justify the outside rationality events to the place. Besides trying to demonstrate and explain the configuration of the so mentioned net (\"quadrilateral\" Manaus - Belém - DF/Goiânia - Porto Velho), as a parallel analytical concern we intend to make a reflection on the emergence of a possible territorial cohesion that still fortifies the tenuous profile of the national market. Thus, it is suitable to ask how the advance of the agricultural frontier is being developed and who will it really benefit.

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Quesada, Marvin E. "Territorial dynamics in land use and the hydrological regime: Central Region, Costa Rica". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119710.

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It analyzes the relationship between territorial dynamics in land use and changes in the hydrological regime in the Central region of Costa Rica. A comparison is made between two years and the results showed that this process has been intense from one year to another. The urban and industrial heavy pressure on the most fertile soils of the country, has led to changes inthe hydrological regime of the two major sub-basins: Virilla and Grande de San Ramón, both of which constitute the Basin of Grande de Tarcoles River. The sub-basin of the Virilla Rivercan not store rainfall, especially considering that a large percentage of its area is covered byland uses of urban type. In contrast, the sub-basin of the Grande de San Ramón River retains a higher percentage of water, having land uses dominated by pasture, crops, and forests. In synthesis, several land uses increase their area, especially urban areas, with the major exception of the forest area which was reduced considerably.
Se analiza la relación entre la dinámica territorial en el uso de la tierra con respecto a los cambios en el régimen hidrológico en la región central de Costa Rica. Se hace una comparación entre dos años y se encontró que tal proceso ha sido muy intenso de un año al otro. La fuerte presión urbanística e industrial sobre los suelos más fértiles del país, ha provocado modificaciones en el régimen hidrológico de las dos principales subcuencas hidrográficas: Virilla y Grande de SanRamón, ambas conforman la cuenca del río Grande de Tárcoles. La subcuenca del río Virilla no logra almacenar el agua pluvial, especialmente si se considera que un alto porcentaje de su área está cubierta por usos de tierra de tipo urbano. Por el contrario, la subcuenca del río Grande de San Ramón logra retener un mayor porcentaje de aguas, al tener usos de la tierra dominados por pastos, cultivos y bosque. En síntesis, varios de los usos de la tierra incrementan su área, en especial el área urbana, con la gran excepción del área de bosques que se redujo considerablemente.

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5

Amado, António Ribeiro. "Monitorização das dinâmicas territoriais de âmbito local". Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20264.

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Tese de Doutoramento em Urbanismo, com a especialização em Urbanismo apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Doutor.
A investigação desenvolve-se no âmbito do Ordenamento do Território e centra-se na avaliação de Políticas Públicas de Base Territorial em Portugal, e no papel determinante que as ações de monitorização das dinâmicas territoriais de âmbito local desempenham na prossecução desse objetivo. A necessidade de realizar ações de monitorização e avaliação em Ordenamento do Território é transversal e justificam-se no atual contexto de globalização. A necessidade de gerir o crescente grau de incerteza, associado à aceleração da vida moderna e aos efeitos crescentes da globalização, é cada vez mais um fator determinante para a atividade do Ordenamento do Território tendo em conta as volatilidades da economia e da sociedade e os impactos que daí decorrem para o território, sejam associados ao uso e aproveitamento do solo, mas também da preservação dos seus recursos, sejam associados às formas de distribuição de pessoas, atividades e respetivas mobilidades. No âmbito local do Sistema de Gestão Territorial Português, existe pouco trabalho desenvolvido e pouca consciência da importância de monitorizar o território, a sua transformação e os efeitos da implementação das políticas públicas, tornando-se essencial a operacionalização de um sistema de monitorização nos vários âmbitos e segundo um processo multi-escalar, integrável e interoperável, onde o âmbito local, pela sua maior proximidade ao território se torna imprescindível. A investigação procura dar um contributo útil para o acompanhamento e avaliação das Políticas Públicas de Base Terrtorial em Portugal e teve como principal objetivo a construção de um método para a Monitorização das Dinâmicas Territoriais (MDT) de âmbito local, possível de integrar no Sistema de Gestão Territorial Português e aplicável pelos atores e organismos competentes, no contexto do quadro regulamentar atual da política pública de Ordenamento do Território e urbanismo. Com a disponibilização do método MDT, a investigação procura dar um contributo metodológico ativo no acompanhamento, recolha e processamento de informação de base territorial de forma harmonizada e agregável, perspetivando a possibilidade de criação de um sistema de monitorização harmonizado a nível nacional, reforçando a territorialização das políticas públicas e indo ao encontro das orientações internacionais e Europeias que respeitam à avaliação das políticas públicas, designadamente as que têm sido veiculadas no quadro da Política de Coesão Europeia (PCE), em particular e mais recentemente no âmbito do Portugal 2020 (PT 2020).
ABSTRACT: This PhD research is carried out within the scope of Territorial Planning and focuses on the assessment of Territorial Public Policies in Portugal by studying the crucial role that actions of monitoring local territorial dynamics play in the pursuit of that goal. Monitoring and evaluation of Territorial Planning is a widespread need justified in the current context of globalization. The need to manage the increasing degree of uncertainty connected with the acceleration of modern life is more and more a decisive factor in Territorial Planning practices especially when combined with the effects of globalization due to the volatilities of the economy and society and also the resulting impacts on the territory in terms of land use, resources, inhabitants, activities and mobility. There is little research done and little awareness of the importance of monitoring the territory, its transformations and the effects of the implementation of public policies at the Portuguese territorial management system (Sistema de Gestão Territorial Português - SGTP). This situation makes it essential to create a multi-area monitoring system that operates at a multiscale, in an integrated and interoperable way where the local level play an indispensable role due to its proximity to the territory. The research seeks to contribute to the monitoring and evaluation of Territorial Public Policies in Portugal and its main objective is the construction of a method to monitor territorial dynamics at the local level (Monitorização das Dinâmicas Territoriais - MDT). The MDT is a method developed to ensure the possibility of being integrated at the current territorial management system by the existing administrations and is operational under the current legal framework. By providing this method (MDT) the research aims to give an active methodological contribute in terms of monitoring, collecting and processing territorial information in a harmonized and aggregable way, seeking the possibility of setting up an harmonized monitoring system at national level, reinforcing the territorialisation of Public Policies and converging into internationals and European orientations in terms of Public Policies evaluation, namely the European Cohesion Policy and the recent program Portugal 2020 (PT2020).
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6

Gamito, Teresa Maria Allen. "Innovation dynamics in rural areas: contributions to capture and measure innovation, valuing territorial specificities". Doctoral thesis, ISA-UL, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12020.

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Doutoramento em Gestão Interdisciplinar da Paisagem - Instituto Superior de Agronomia / Universidade dos Açores / Universidade de Évora
Rural areas are, in general, not perceived as innovative areas, in spite of an increasing multifunctionality related to new activities, a growing diversity of innovations and innovators (from individual to large businesses and non-profit organisations and practising all types of activities) and a wider range of rural resources. But the rural innovation patterns and dynamics and their relationship with territorial specificities, such as local knowledge and local resources, are not captured by the current framework to identify and measure innovation, based on the Oslo Manual, and thus are undervalued as well as is undervalued their contribution for the rural economies. The research undertaken in this thesis, through the analysis of the rural innovation patterns, uncovered unsuspected rural resources and evidenced their relation and their contribution to clusters of rural innovators and the related innovations. The research included also the design of a rural innovation indicators system able to measure the innovation processes implemented by all the types of organisations settled in rural areas and highlighted the need for an alternative framework capable to gather an inclusive picture of the innovation patterns and to value the territorial specificities whose inputs for innovation shape the competitive advantages of these regions

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7

Alsenafi, Abdulaziz. "Segregation Dynamics Motivated by Territorial Markings:The Transition from a Particle to a Continuum Model". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1467727114.

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8

Klenner, Walt. "The effect of food abundance and territorial behaviour on population dynamics of the red squirrel". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30698.

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The effects of food abundance on the population dynamics and territorial behaviour of red squirrels were examined during a four year study in south-central British Columbia, Canada. I used a short-term, ad libitum addition of supplemental food in Douglas fir (low squirrel population density) and white spruce (high squirrel population density) forest habitats to examine changes in demography and spacing behaviour. Removal experiments in spring and autumn assessed the effect of residents on breeding density and juvenile recruitment and the influence of settlement patterns on recolonization density. If food is a limiting resource, I expected population density, recruitment, body weight, growth rates and reproduction to increase on the food supplemented areas. Population density in spruce control habitat was consistently twice as high as in Douglas fir control habitat (26 vs. 15) from 1985 to 1988. The addition of supplemental food resulted in a four-fold increase in population density in Douglas fir habitat and a two-fold increase in spruce habitat, indicating that populations in both habitats were food limited, but more strongly in Douglas fir habitat. The increase in density was the result of a strong increase in the recruitment of immigrants, primarily juveniles of unknown origin. Both recruitment to the food-supplemented grids and the decline in density following the removal of food were density-dependent. Stable population density may be the result of an inflexible territory size despite large changes in food abundance. To test this hypothesis, I monitored changes in territory size, home range size, the number of territories, intruder pressure, movement patterns and activity budgets in response to supplemental food. Supplemental food significantly decreased territory size and resulted in a five-fold increase in the number of territories in Douglas fir habitat. Territory size did not decrease in white spruce habitat, but there was a two-fold increase in the number of territories. In both habitats, immigrants established territories in previously unoccupied areas and in Douglas fir habitat, some immigrants established small territories on areas formerly used by residents who had defended large territories. There was an increase in the intensity that red squirrels travelled over their territories, a decrease in the proportion of time spent away from their territories and an increase in the proportion of time spent defending their territories. These behavioural changes appeared to offset the increased competitor density on the enriched territories, enabling red squirrels to defend territories larger than necessary for their current food requirements. This limited flexibility in territory size may reduce the amplitude of fluctuations in population density despite large changes in food abundance. Territorial behaviour can limit breeding density and juvenile recruitment. When territorial residents were removed from Douglas fir habitat in spring, red squirrel populations returned to a density similar to the control or pre-removal density in five of six removal trials. In autumn, population density returned to control or pre-removal densities in four of six trials. In white spruce habitat, population density returned to control or pre-removal levels in three of four trials in both spring and autumn. In both Douglas fir and spruce habitat, immigrants of unknown origin repopulated the removal areas. After removals in spring, females in breeding condition immigrated to the removal areas in five of six trials in Douglas fir habitat and in all four trials in spruce habitat. Settlement patterns did not appear to influence either territory size or recolonization density.
Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate

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9

Jansen, Remco. "Costly victories? : The dynamics of territorial control and insurgent violence against civilians within civil war". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353896.

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Limited systematic research has investigated how conflict events shape the spatial-temporal variation of insurgent violence against civilians. Although previous research has investigated how degrees of territorial control relate to general levels of violence against civilians, it remains largely an open question how the dynamics within territorial control determine violence against civilians by insurgents. This study aims to address this gap by hypothesizing that (1) insurgents become more likely to commit fatal violence against civilians, and (2) kill more civilians in contested areas when they lose territorial control. The Armed Conflict Location and Event Dataset (ACLED) was used along with Peace Research Institute Oslo’s (PRIO) GRID Dataset to create a novel data frame of all territorially contested area-weeks on the African continent between 1997 and 2017 (n = 3035). Contrary to theoretical expectations, logistic regressions indicate a lower risk of insurgent violence against civilians in contested areas following an insurgent territorial loss than following a break-even. Zero-inflated negative binomial regressions moreover tentatively indicate that insurgents kill more civilians following territorial wins in the short-term, and following territorial loss in the long-term. These results suggest that proactive counterinsurgency campaigns are in the interest of civilians in civil war.

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10

Serrano, González Emilia Belén. "The economics and dynamics of resource wars". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669015.

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The twentieth century was a convulsive one in terms of wars, political conflicts and terrorism. Crime is now more international than it has ever been before. These days, geographical borders do not limit any war; conflicts are cross-border. The nature of armed conflicts has suffered a deep transformation. The most relevant change is moving from state-financed wars to armed conflicts financed by private parties with dark financial interests. The end of the Cold War established the end of an era where the State had the central role in the establishment and financing of the conflict. We now speak about “New Wars” (Kaldor, 2012). State armies no longer characterise the conflicts of the post-Cold War era; states have lost the monopoly of violence (Munkler, 2002). The new actors leading the “new wars” are local warlords, paramilitary units, criminal gangs and mercenary groups who challenge the authority of the state (Kaldor, 2013). Currently, the figures by IISS (“Institute for International Strategic Studies”) reflect 42 active conflicts and two global, Al Qaeda and ISIS (Islamic State). Crime has expanded internationally and can affect directly or indirectly each single individual; and civil wars have not only national consequences but also international ones. These days, no matter where we are, we cannot hide and we can always be the targets of any type of crime. Fear lives among us in airports, in trains or even at our office. However, we should be aware of the moral, legal and political responsibility that we, developed world, have on the on-going conflicts in the developing countries. Despite the lack of acknowledgment in the official discourse, most of the natural resources nourishing the current conflicts are destined to the consumer market in the developed countries. We could be supporting financially an on-going civil war somewhere in the world with only the simplest act of buying a mobile phone. Mobile phones contain a very little portion of a mineral called Coltan, short for Columbite-Tantalite. This Coltan most probably has been extracted in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Nonetheless, the phone producer might have bought the Coltan in Rwanda. The way our little portion of Coltan went from DRC to Rwanda was probably illegal. The consequences of this “conflict” trade are linked to the nature of the current armed conflicts and to the reasons for the contemporary conflicts. If we can analyse what are the causes, then, could we envisage what are the solutions? There is a large number of scholarly and political studies about the political economy of many of our contemporary armed conflicts, especially those characterised by the predatory exploitation of natural resources and the criminalisation of economic life (Berdal and Malone, 2000). The common point among these conflicts is mainly their “self-financing” nature. These war economies are based on the illegal trade of natural resources facilitated by the economic globalisation and the financial market liberalization. As we will see in this work, civil wars can have a contagion effect upon adjacent countries. It is this complicated reality of intra-state wars that presents policymakers with a twofold challenge. Firstly, to assess accurately the impact of resource predation on the economics and dynamics of the conflict. Secondly, to develop and implement effective policies of conflict prevention, conflict resolution and peacebuilding (Ballentine and Nitzsche, 2005). Traditionally, scholars focused on the study of the economic dimensions of inter-state wars. However after the Cold War, studies began to focus on the intra-state conflicts as it has been demonstrated that countries with an abundance of natural resources show macroeconomic instability, high level of corruption, oppressive elites and increasing level of poverty. This is known as the “paradox of plenty”, or the “resource curse”, as for these countries, resource wealth is more a curse than a blessing. This work intends to be an overview of the economics of armed conflicts. We focus on those conflicts that are financed by the exploitation of natural resources and we run some empirical analysis on the effect of governmental measures to control or promote war. We aim to raise awareness on the lack of social and political accountability from governments and international institutions of the developed world on the current conflicts financed by the illicit trade of natural resources in developing countries. Our first chapter provides the reader with a general background on the economics and dynamics of armed conflict and gives an update on the current theories and findings. We analyse what is an armed conflict and offer a comprehensive analysis of the dimensions that define the nature and type of war. We characterise the different types of wars as per location and scope; and we also examine the diverse opinions of scholars on the causal roles of economic factors in civil wars and how natural resources are linked to conflict. In the last section, we evaluate the possible solutions that United Nations might implement in order to achieve conflict resolution and peacebuilding. Chapter 2 provides a general overview of the political and economic environment in DRC, a country rich in natural resources, and especially in Coltan. That is the product to which we will pay special attention in Chapter 3 when we analyse the competitive interaction in the labour market between governments and producers. We introduce in Chapter 3 a different set of models, theoretical and empirical where we evaluate the effects of governmental responses (economic policy tools), which are often presented in the political discourse as mechanisms for conflict prevention and resolution. We analyse the effect of a tax on product and tax on profits in an economy where market and war activities exist at the same time. We suggest a novel approach to the interaction between markets and war activities. Specifically the former are assumed to both favour war by generating the resources necessary to sustain it, as well as compete with war activities in a labour market in which both workers and soldiers are recruited. We argue that war activities in two different countries may be interdependent as long as production and exports in an international market make the two countries’ producers interact with each other. In such a framework, strategic substitutability in the product market should be combined with strategic relations between economic and war activities in each country to determine the predicted strategic relation between war activities across countries.

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Castro, Hernandez Jorge Alberto. "Rural Territorial Development in the midst of the conflict". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/rural-territorial-development-in-the-midst-of-the-conflict(490b4f28-217d-4d3f-95e2-7c0c30118eba).html.

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The aim of this dissertation is to provide a critical understanding of a Rural Territorial Development (RTD) intervention in a context of conflict dynamics, by looking at the case of the Programme for Development and Peace in Middle Magdalena (PDPMM) - Colombia. To accomplish this task the research process discussed both theoretical and empirical inputs. Firstly, a theoretical framework was developed to understand the dynamics of the development-conflict nexus in rural territories. Secondly, supported by the examination of a case-study, systematic empirical information was collected, incorporating quantitative and qualitative evidence in order to explore the explicit conflict dynamics, namely the practical and theoretical incommensurability between opposite views of rural development taking place in the Middle Magdalena region. Such analysis was further elaborated in three steps: first, the research characterized the main visions of rural development that are being pursued in Middle Magdalena; second, a comparative analysis was carried out in order to identify incommensurabilities and contradictions among those views of development; and third, the study focused on the PDPMM in order to examine how its rural territorial development strategy influences the course of conflict dynamics. On the basis of this methodology, the study shows that rural territorial interventions should focus on building pragmatic articulations among opposite views of development to establish a common development proposal that overcomes conflict and poverty in rural territories.

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12

Alves, Érika Catarina de Melo. ""Sabe bem pisar o chão!": dinâmicas territoriais e tradição de conhecimento entre as Cambindas". Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8601.

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This argumentative text aims to describe and analyze the practices that constitute the Cambinda dance in the city of Taperoá, interior of Paraíba. Therefore, we seek to understand how this performance and its varied evocations are felt by the inhabitants of this municipality. The Cambinda connects past, present and future. Deepens in their entrechos transmission a universe of knowledge and skills. Through it and through it, the meaning of the term "tradition" acquires a polysemic connotation being used and interpreted in different ways by different actors. In this sense, the Cambindas Novas and its construction as part of a set of popular demonstrations mentioned as belonging to a black kindred, known Levinos will be presented. Therefore, it is imperative to point out that you need to realize how the practices and disputes around the notions and the meaning attributed to "tradition" and the very Cambinda are precious categories by actors participating in the world of popular demonstrations taperoaenses. Are categories of disputes for prestige which in turn circumventing the territorial dynamics that context. The know how to dance/tell what is Cambinda has been an articulate activity caused by the subjects as utterances in different social scales. It is a tradition of knowledge that causes affinities and mobilizes networks, kinship and political alliances. This paper focuses primarily on the way in which this specific knowledge is handled by the actors of the action.
Este texto dissertativo pretende descrever e analisar as práticas que constituem a dança Cambinda na cidade de Taperoá, interior da Paraíba. Portanto, busca-se perceber como esta performance e suas variadas evocações são sentidas pelos habitantes deste município. A Cambinda conecta passado, presente e futuro. Aprofunda em seus entrechos de transmissão um universo de conhecimentos e habilidades específicas. Por ela, e através dela, o sentido do termo “tradição” adquire uma conotação polissêmica sendo utilizada e interpretada de diversas maneiras pelos diferentes atores. Nesse sentido, serão apresentadas as Cambindas Novas e sua construção como parte integrante de um conjunto de manifestações populares evocadas como pertencentes a uma parentela negra, os conhecidos Levinos. Para tanto, se torna imperativo destacar que é preciso perceber como as práticas e disputas em torno das noções e do sentido atribuído a “tradição” e a própria Cambinda são categorias preciosas pelos atores que participam do universo das manifestações populares taperoaenses. São categorias de disputas por prestígio que por sua vez envolvem as dinâmicas territoriais daquele contexto. O saber dançar/contar o que é Cambinda tem sido uma atividade articulada pelos sujeitos como enunciações provocadas em distintas escalas sociais. Trata-se de uma tradição de conhecimento que provoca e mobiliza redes de afinidades, parentesco e alianças políticas. Este trabalho se debruça essencialmente no modo pelo qual este saber específico é manejado pelos atores da ação.

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13

Abreu, Nair Júlia Andrade de. "Percepção dos riscos de inundações no Bairro Preguiça – Maranguape (CE)". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2015. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/20233.

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ABREU, Nair Júlia Andrade de. Percepção dos riscos de inundações no Bairro Preguiça – Maranguape (CE). 2015. 140 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em geografia)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2015.
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This research addresses the risks of flooding in the Preguiça neighborhood, Maranguape / Ceará, covering more specifically the perceptual approach these risks. This approach is of great importance in that it presents data showing how residents perceive and understand the context of risks to which they belong, including information that can be extremely useful to risk management. In addition, aspects related to perception are hardly highlighted in studies of risks. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the perception that of the residents of the Preguiça neighborhood have about the flooding risk in that area, addressing the different aspects that may have influenced the observed perceptions. At the same time, the objective was to verify the measures taken (and to be made) in respect of such risks. The development of this study was performed by means of surveying and mapping and literature review; field observations; making maps; development and implementation of questionnaires; and discussion of the data obtained through the questionnaires and field surveys. The data on the perception of residents and issues relating to it were organized and analyzed on the following variables: experiences and knowledge related to accidents and / or alert conditions; conditions of flooding, causality and responsibility; evaluation and choice; threshold security and lastly, adjustments and other reactions to the risks. The results show that 92% of respondents consider the existence of flood risk in the area, 58% have adopted at least one preventive measure of immediacy and only 22% had changes in the structure of their respective residences. In the end, proposals were presented and discussed measures to be taken in order to reduce the risk of flooding in the area and prevent accidents.
A presente pesquisa aborda os riscos de inundações existentes no bairro Preguiça, Maranguape/Ceará, contemplando mais especificamente a abordagem perceptiva desses riscos. Esse tipo de abordagem reveste-se de grande importância na medida em que apresenta dados que revelam como os moradores locais percebem e compreendem o contexto de riscos no qual estão inseridos, informações que inclusive podem ser extremamente úteis à gestão de riscos. Além disso, aspectos relacionados à percepção dificilmente são destacados nos estudos sobre riscos. Desse modo, objetivou-se analisar a percepção que alguns dos residentes do bairro Preguiça apresentam sobre os riscos de inundações na referida área, abordando os diferentes aspectos que podem ter influenciado nas percepções observadas. Paralelamente, objetivou-se verificar as medidas tomadas (e a serem tomadas) em relação a esses riscos. O desenvolvimento desse estudo deu-se por meio de levantamento e revisão bibliográfica e cartográfica; observações em campo; confecção de mapas; elaboração e aplicação de questionários; bem como discussão dos dados obtidos por meio dos questionários e dos levantamentos de campo. Os dados referentes à percepção dos moradores e aos aspectos relacionados a ela foram organizados e analisados em torno das seguintes variáveis: experiências e conhecimentos relacionados à ocorrência de acidentes e/ou a situações de alerta; condicionantes e deflagradores, causalidade e responsabilidade; avaliação e escolha; limiar de segurança e por último, ajustamentos e outras reações frente aos riscos. Os resultados obtidos mostram que 92% dos pesquisados consideram a existência de riscos de inundações na área, 58% já adotaram pelo menos uma medida preventiva de caráter imediato e apenas 22% deles realizaram modificações na estrutura de suas respectivas residências. Ao final são apresentadas e discutidas propostas de medidas a serem tomadas no intuito de reduzir os riscos de inundações na área e prevenir acidentes.

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14

Goffriller, Martin Sebastian. "The castles of Mallorca : a diachronic perspective of the dynamics of territorial control on an Islamic island". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3228.

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This thesis pioneers a study in the dynamics of territorial control of the island of Mallorca from ca. 902-1300 AD, with the aim of providing the first holistic and systematic study of the known Islamic fortresses of this island, and determining the reasons which account for the lack of the so-called hisn/qarya complex there. The scientific focus of this project explores the effects that island contexts may have on the identity-forming processes of their population and how these in turn affect the socio-political makeup of these ‘bounded’ polities. More specifically, in the case of Mallorca the core of this study is devoted to the relation between the hinterland fortifications of the Islamic period and the island’s capital city Madīna Mayūrqa, concluding that due to the relative isolation of Mallorca’s segmentary communities from their mainland analogues they evolved a distinctive meta-identity which gradually supplanted their traditional tribal allegiances and redefined their relation with the state and political authority in general. Other areas of interest explored here are the use of rammed earth and masonry in Andalusi Architecture, and the mechanisms of integration of the Islamic territorial setup of Mallorca into the Christian kingdom of Aragon from 1229 onwards. The data here presented results from a broad variety of sources such as extensive archival research, architectural and spatial analysis of the 17+ sites surveyed, aerial photography, hydro-archaeology and in particular viewshed analysis, which was able to provide highly relevant results regarding the interconnectivity of the various sites and therefore give important evidence on their operational context. The creation of the viewsheds relied heavily on GIS software (Global Mapper 10-12) as well as architectural design software (AutoCAD, Illustrator, Sketchup) in order to carry out partial reconstructions of some of the main structures on the island.

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15

Groom, Jeremiah D. "Distribution, territorial limitations, and patch colonization dynamics of bird species in a fragmented temperate-zone woodland landscape". The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1060694203.

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Talpo, Ewerton. "Chapadas dos gerais: veredas da modernização. Um estudo sobre mobilidade do trabalho e migrações no processo de modernização. Apontamentos e atualidade do trabalho no sertão dos gerais - região centro-oeste do estado de Minas Gerais". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-10062015-154137/.

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O presente estudo tem como objetivo geral investigar as formas assumidas pela mobilidade do trabalho decorrente das transformações nas dinâmicas territoriais no momento da passagem para a segunda metade do século XX no Brasil, destacando as ações do Estado desenvolvimentista do pós-guerra e seus desdobramentos sob a intervenção do Governo militar da década de 1970, suas implicações espaciais na região centro-oeste do estado de Minas Gerais. Nesse sentido, procuramos abarcar o particular dessas transformações na atualidade do trabalho e da constituição de uma população migrante no centro-oeste mineiro, mais precisamente nos municípios de Três Marias, Corinto e Morro da Garça. A possibilidade de se construir uma relação entre o particular e o geral da sociedade moderna na pesquisa geográfica é um elemento norteador da investigação da presente pesquisa. Para tal objetivo apresentamos aqui uma pesquisa qualitativa, por meio de entrevistas e registros de relatos sobre a vida de moradores e migrantes nos municípios estudados, a experiência migrante e sua perspectiva espacial.
The present study is to investigate the forms assumed by labor mobility resulting from changes in regional dynamics at the time of transition to the second half of the twentieth century in Brazil, highlighting the actions of the developmental state of post-war and its consequences under the intervention of the military government of the 1970s, their spatial implications in the midwestern region of the state of Minas Gerais. Accordingly, we seek to embrace the particular relevance of these changes in the work and the establishment of a migrant population in the mining Midwest, specifically in the towns of Três Marias, Corinto and the Morro da Garça. The possibility of building a relationship between the particular and the general in modern society in geographic research is a guiding element of the investigation of this research. For this purpose we present here a qualitative research through interviews and records of accounts of the lives of residents and migrants in the cities studied, the migrant experience and their spatial perspective.

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Silva, Ricardo Gilson da Costa. "Dinâmicas territoriais em Rondônia: conflitos na produção e uso do território no período de 1970/2010". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-14092011-131342/.

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A proposta desta tese é explicar o estado de Rondônia a partir das dinâmicas territoriais estruturantes, no período de 1970 à 2010. O caminho percorrido partiu das determinações históricas e geográficas que se manifestam no processo de acumulação e transformação do território pelo trabalho social. O estudo aponta que Rondônia vivenciou dois processos de organização do território com focos diferentes, sendo complementares e contraditórios. No primeiro momento (1970-1995), a trajetória assumida se deu com a ação do Estado e suas agências institucionais, na formação de uma coerência territorial cujo objetivo macro foi a construção de um tecido funcional em meio a um escasso processo econômico e populacional, desdobrando-se na produção e expansão do território estatal. O segundo momento se desdobra no período pós 1995, alimentado por novos usos do território composto por um conjunto de atividades produtivas que amplia a escala de ação e de realização dos principais processos econômicos. Comparece com mais fervor a ação do capital individual (grandes empresas) nas atividades econômicas de transformação da base primária, na formação de agroindústrias com volume e escala de produção, alargando o contexto social dos lugares e do território. No primeiro momento, sob a égide do Estado, a produção literal do território é proeminente manifestada na formação de cidades, colonização, migração, nos eixos rodoviários, e no fomento ao modelo agropecuário de base familiar. Posteriormente, o território se constitui com uma coerência funcional para o capital, alimentado por atividades econômicas cuja escala geográfica produz uma fragmentação territorial. Nesta situação, evidencia-se a nascente agricultura capitalista e a agroindustrialização como processo mobilizadores no campo e na cidade. A ação do capital é fragmentadora do território, ao passo que a do Estado busca uma densidade e articulação no seu conjunto. Como resultado manifesta-se a simultaneidade como elemento estruturante do território.
The purpose of the thesis is to explain the federal unity Rondônia from the structuring territorial dynamics in the period of 1970-2010. We departed from historical and geographical determinations which manifested in the accumulation and transformation of the territory by the social labour. The study point out that Rondônia was submitted to two processes of territorial organisation with different complementary and contradictory focuses. In the first moment, (1970-1995), the trajectory was implemented by the state action and its institutional agencies in the formation of a territorial coherence which macro-objective was the building of a functional net in the middle of a scarce economic and population process, ending in the production and expansion of the state territory. The following moment happened in the post-1995 epoch made by a joint of productive activities which amplified the scale of action and of realisation of the major economic activities in the territory. It is more evident the action of the individual capital (great business) in the primary-transformative productive activities, in the formation of agribusiness with volume and scale of production, enlarging the social context of places and of territory. In the first moment, under the auspices of the state, the literal production of territory is more evident and it is manifested in the creation of cities, in colonisation of lands, in migrant flows, in road axis and support of small-scale agropecuary. Lately, the territory was constituted as a functional coherence for the capital, feed by economic activities whose geographical scale produced the territorial fragmentation. In this above-mentioned situation, it is clear the new-born capitalistic agriculture and the agro-industrialisation as dynamic processes in the rural and urban dimension. The capital action fragments the territory whilst the state action searches a density and articulation in its total, even if in contradiction in those actions. Manifests a simultaneity and selectivity time-space as a structuring element of the territory.

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Abreu, Nair JÃlia Andrade de. "Perception of flooding risks in the PreguiÃa neighborhood - Maranguape(CE)". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14654.

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Universidade Federal do CearÃ
This research addresses the risks of flooding in the PreguiÃa neighborhood, Maranguape / CearÃ, covering more specifically the perceptual approach these risks. This approach is of great importance in that it presents data showing how residents perceive and understand the context of risks to which they belong, including information that can be extremely useful to risk management. In addition, aspects related to perception are hardly highlighted in studies of risks. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the perception that of the residents of the PreguiÃa neighborhood have about the flooding risk in that area, addressing the different aspects that may have influenced the observed perceptions. At the same time, the objective was to verify the measures taken (and to be made) in respect of such risks. The development of this study was performed by means of surveying and mapping and literature review; field observations; making maps; development and implementation of questionnaires; and discussion of the data obtained through the questionnaires and field surveys. The data on the perception of residents and issues relating to it were organized and analyzed on the following variables: experiences and knowledge related to accidents and / or alert conditions; conditions of flooding, causality and responsibility; evaluation and choice; threshold security and lastly, adjustments and other reactions to the risks. The results show that 92% of respondents consider the existence of flood risk in the area, 58% have adopted at least one preventive measure of immediacy and only 22% had changes in the structure of their respective residences. In the end, proposals were presented and discussed measures to be taken in order to reduce the risk of flooding in the area and prevent accidents.
A presente pesquisa aborda os riscos de inundaÃÃes existentes no bairro PreguiÃa, Maranguape/CearÃ, contemplando mais especificamente a abordagem perceptiva desses riscos. Esse tipo de abordagem reveste-se de grande importÃncia na medida em que apresenta dados que revelam como os moradores locais percebem e compreendem o contexto de riscos no qual estÃo inseridos, informaÃÃes que inclusive podem ser extremamente Ãteis Ã gestÃo de riscos. AlÃm disso, aspectos relacionados Ã percepÃÃo dificilmente sÃo destacados nos estudos sobre riscos. Desse modo, objetivou-se analisar a percepÃÃo que alguns dos residentes do bairro PreguiÃa apresentam sobre os riscos de inundaÃÃes na referida Ãrea, abordando os diferentes aspectos que podem ter influenciado nas percepÃÃes observadas. Paralelamente, objetivou-se verificar as medidas tomadas (e a serem tomadas) em relaÃÃo a esses riscos. O desenvolvimento desse estudo deu-se por meio de levantamento e revisÃo bibliogrÃfica e cartogrÃfica; observaÃÃes em campo; confecÃÃo de mapas; elaboraÃÃo e aplicaÃÃo de questionÃrios; bem como discussÃo dos dados obtidos por meio dos questionÃrios e dos levantamentos de campo. Os dados referentes Ã percepÃÃo dos moradores e aos aspectos relacionados a ela foram organizados e analisados em torno das seguintes variÃveis: experiÃncias e conhecimentos relacionados Ã ocorrÃncia de acidentes e/ou a situaÃÃes de alerta; condicionantes e deflagradores, causalidade e responsabilidade; avaliaÃÃo e escolha; limiar de seguranÃa e por Ãltimo, ajustamentos e outras reaÃÃes frente aos riscos. Os resultados obtidos mostram que 92% dos pesquisados consideram a existÃncia de riscos de inundaÃÃes na Ãrea, 58% jÃ adotaram pelo menos uma medida preventiva de carÃter imediato e apenas 22% deles realizaram modificaÃÃes na estrutura de suas respectivas residÃncias. Ao final sÃo apresentadas e discutidas propostas de medidas a serem tomadas no intuito de reduzir os riscos de inundaÃÃes na Ãrea e prevenir acidentes.

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Scaringella, Laurent. "Which organizational capabilities and inter-organizational knowledge dynamics enable innovation within an ecosystem ?" Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1G010.

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Cette thèse aborde différents thèmes comme les écosystèmes, la capacité d'absorption et l’innovation radicale. À partir de notre étude systématique de la littérature, nous identifions les invariants des quatre courants divergents de l'approche par écosystème et les invariants des sept courants divergents de l'approche territoriale à travers un modèle intégrateur. Notre contribution vise à renforcer les fondations du champ des écosystèmes par l'approche territoriale. D'après l’étude d’une joint-venture dans le contexte iranien, nos conclusions indiquent que l'innovation radicale est associée à des problèmes de sécurité, de qualité et de planification, entraînant des retards, une non-conformité vis-à-vis du cahier des charges et des coûts supplémentaires. Notre contribution vise à approfondir le concept de dyade d’apprentissage en caractérisant un phénomène bidirectionnel entre deux organisations jouant à la fois le rôle d’enseignant et d’élève. Dans notre étude des spin-offs technologiques grenobloises, nos résultats montrent l’importance de développer des capacités d’absorption potentielles et réalisées. Ces capacités permettent l’internalisation des connaissances du client et la prise de conscience d’émergence technologique, tout en palliant au manque de connaissances techniques des clients lors de la formulation de leurs besoins. Notre contribution vise à fournir un nouvel éclairage sur la participation des clients au processus d’innovation radicale en observant le degré de participation des clients à différentes étapes et d’évaluer leurs rôles dans le processus de développement d’innovations radicales
This dissertation is dealing with different topics such as ecosystem, absorptive capacity and radical innovation. From our systematic literature review of ecosystems based on a selection of 104 articles and books, we identify the invariants across the four diverging streams from the ecosystem approach and the seven diverging streams from the territorial approach toward the proposition of a new research framework. Our contribution aims at enriching the field of ecosystem with the strong theoretical background of the territorial approach. From our study of a joint venture in the Iranian context, our findings indicate that radical innovation is characterized by safety, quality, and planning challenges which engender delays, non-conformity to specifications, and additional costs. Our contribution aims at further developing the concept of “learning dyad” by characterizing a two-way learning between two organizations playing both roles of teachers and students. From our study of technological spin-offs in Grenoble context, our findings show the importance of spin-offs developing both potential and realized absorptive capacities to internalize customer knowledge and technology emergence awareness and to simultaneously offset customers’ lack of technical knowledge in formulating their needs. Our contribution aims at providing new insights to the area of customer involvement in the radical innovation process by examining how the level of customer involvement at different stages has improved or hindered the process of developing radical innovations

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Gondim, Juliana Monteiro. "Seguindo trilhas encantadas: humanos, encantados e as formas de habitar a Almofaia dos Tremembé". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8134/tde-14032017-145349/.

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Abordarei nesta tese algumas das relações estabelecidas entre os Tremembé de Almofala e os encantados. Os primeiros são um grupo indígena que vive às margens do Oceano Atlântico, no litoral oeste do Estado do Ceará, Nordeste do Brasil, e os encantados são entidades presente nas cosmologias de vários grupos - indígenas e não indígenas - na América do Sul. Os encantados são apresentados de formas muito variadas. Uns os descrevem como pessoas que - antes ou após a morte passaram para uma forma de existência onde não são afetados pela passagem do tempo e são invisíveis para a maioria das pessoas; outros os apresentam como sendo personagens do panteão umbandista, fadas, príncipes e princesas... e há, ainda, os que os colocam como entidades que habitam e protegem as matas, como Caipora, Mãe dÁgua ou Guajara. Eles podem se manifestar sob a forma que quiserem, às vezes humanos, às vezes animais ou, mesmo, seres antropomorfos. Essa diversidade de versões sobre os encantes me colocou diante de vários mundos constituídos por uma multiplicidade de agências e subjetividades distintas. Algo em comum dentre tanta diversidade é o fato de que todos se referem a áreas como mangues, lagoas, mares, matas e dunas como sendo moradas de encantados. Por isso, quando abordam o avanço da degradação ambiental na Área Indígena, os Tremembé demonstram uma grave preocupação com o destino dos encantados que estão, assim como os humanos, vendo suas moradas sucumbindo às investidas do agronegócio. Procurei lançar reflexões sobre como são esses encantes, como se manifestam, com que propósito agem nesse mundo, quais suas atribuições. Ressalto que os tratei como estando numa posição simétrica em relação aos humanos, posto que, assim como nós, eles também agem e transformam os mundos em que vivem. Nesse sentido, a proposta metodológica da Teoria Ator Rede - que defende a ideia de que os não humanos devem ser tratados como atores e não meras projeções simbólicas da humanidade me possibilitou seguir as redes de relações formadas a partir da categoria encantados e, assim, colocar no mesmo plano de análise elementos diversos, como encantados, humanos, rituais, paisagens e os empreendimentos relacionados a diferentes ramos, como o turismo, o agronegócio e a pesca predatória.
In this thesis I will discuss some of the relationships established between the Tremembe of Almofala and the encantados (enchanted). The former are an indigenous group that lives on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean, on the west coast of Ceará State, northeast Brazil, and encantados are entities present in the cosmologies of various groups - indigenous and non-indigenous - in South America. Encantados are presented in very different ways. Some describe them as people - before or after death - passed to a form of existence not affected by the passage of time and they are invisible to most people; others present them as characters of umbanda, fairies, princes and princesses ... and there are also those who put them as entities that inhabit and protect the forests, as Caipora, Mãe dÁgua or Guajara. They can manifest themselves in the form they want, sometimes human, sometimes animal or even anthropomorphic beings. This diversity of versions of Encantados put me in front of several worlds constituted by a multiplicity of agencies and different subjectivities. Something in common among such diversity is the fact that all relate to areas such as wetlands, lakes, seas, forests and dunes, as houses of encantados. Therefore, when addressing the advancement of environmental degradation in the indigenous area, the Tremembé demonstrate a serious concern for the destiny of encantados who are, just like humans, seeing their houses succumbing to the spread of agribusiness. I tried to launch reflections on how are these encantes, how they manifest, for what purpose they act in this world, what their assignments. I emphasize that I treated as being in a symmetrical position in relation to humans, since, like us, they also act and transform the worlds in which they live. In this sense, the methodological proposal Network Actor Theory - which supports the idea that not-humans should be treated as actors and not mere symbolic projections of humanity - enabled me to follow the networks of relationships formed from the category \"encantado\" and thus put on the same plane of analysis different elements, such as enchanted humans rituals, landscapes and developments related to different fields such as tourism, agribusiness and overfishing.

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Santana, Alex Tristão de. "“Artérias” do cerrado desigual: a rodovia BR-060 na dinâmica territorial de Goiás". Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7682.

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The present research aims to understand the roles of the BR-060 in the territorial dynamics of the Cerrado of Goiás and the socio-spatial effects of the different uses of the territory. Under the influence of the territorial modernization process, which contributed to the insertion of the Cerrado into the international division of labor, the road mesh in Goiás has undergone deep transformations since the 1950s, accompanied by the respective restructuring of the economic, political and cultural scopes. In this context, the BR-060 is installed, paved, duplicated and granted in parts towards private initiative, becoming extremely functional to modern economic activities and connected to the world market. This fact contributed to the delimitation of the main problem of this research, which moves to the following direction: how to interpret the connection of a highway to the dynamics of a territory marked by socio-spatial changes resulting from the configuration of a new territorial division of labor intersected by the economic internationalization ? The theoretical basis, the immersion in the territories where the BR-060 passes through and the experience to travel on major highways in the Brazilian Midwest allowed us to construct a theoretical-methodological path synthesized in a fundamental principle: in an interpretation guided by territorial dynamics, it is verified a dialectic relationship between the technical network and the territory, which points to two directions - a dynamic that creates the technical network as an unfolding of action and articulation of territorial actors; and a motion that reveals the way in which the technical network creates the territorial dynamics, impacting the actions in the territory and providing new correlations and connections. Based on this analytical bias, it was possible to safeguard the following thesis: the BR-060 constitutes as a paver axis of the process of internationalization of the Cerrado and reveals the production of a differential circulation in the territory, as well as the phenomenon of competitive integration, which contribute to dynamize productive regions, however reinforcing spatial inequalities and social problems in Goiás territory, visualized from different spatial legends. With quantitative and qualitative methodological procedures that go through the bibliographic research, the collection of secondary data and the accomplishment of the fieldwork, the results achieved move between the description of the landscapes of the research object, the reconstruction of its formation, reading and interpretation of the spatial differentiation of the territories investigated, the dialogue with the impersonations of the territorial actors and the analysis of the BR-060 relation with the internationalization of the Cerrado. The effort of synthesis allowed to emphasize the importance of a geopolitical reading of the technical networks that may be opposed to its naturalization. This investigative stance allowed identifying the active participation of economic actors in the duplication of BR-060 and in the production of differential circulation. Among the main conclusions of the research it is highlighted the advance of the trend of corporate use of the territory in the Cerrado and uneven geographic development, which fragments regions and constitutes new challenges for a sustainable development project, capable of opposing the current concentrating dynamism that results in the metropolization and deepening of social inequalities.
A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender os papéis da BR-060 na dinâmica territorial do Cerrado goiano e os efeitos socioespaciais dos diferentes usos do território. Sob a influência do processo de modernização territorial, que contribuiu para a inserção do Cerrado na divisão internacional do trabalho, a malha viária goiana sofreu profundas transformações desde a década de 1950, acompanhada pela respectiva reestruturação das esferas econômica, política e cultural. Nesse contexto, a BR-060 é implantada, pavimentada, duplicada e concedida, em partes, à iniciativa privada, tornando-se extremamente funcional às atividades econômicas modernas e conectada ao mercado mundial. Tal fato contribuiu para a delimitação de um problema central de pesquisa, que caminha na seguinte direção: como interpretar a relação de uma rodovia à dinâmica de um território marcado por transformações socioespaciais decorrentes da configuração de uma nova divisão territorial do trabalho atravessada pela internacionalização econômica? A fundamentação teórica, a imersão nos territórios servidos pela BR-060 e a experiência de percorrer importantes rodovias no Centro-Oeste brasileiro proporcionou construir um caminho teórico-metodológico sintetizado em um princípio fundamental: em uma interpretação orientada pela dinâmica territorial, constata-se uma relação dialética entre a rede técnica e o território, que aponta duas direções – uma dinâmica que cria a rede técnica como desdobramento da ação e articulação de atores territoriais; e um movimento que revela o modo pelo qual a rede técnica cria a dinâmica territorial, impactando as ações no território e proporcionando novas relações e conexões. Ancorado nesse viés analítico, foi possível defender-se a seguinte tese: a BR-060 constitui-se como um eixo pavimentador do processo de internacionalização do Cerrado e revela a produção de uma circulação diferencial no território, bem como o fenômeno de integração competitiva, que contribuem para dinamizar regiões produtivas, todavia reforçando desigualdades espaciais e problemas sociais no território goiano, visualizados a partir de legendas espaciais distintas. Com procedimentos metodológicos quantitativos e qualitativos que perpassam a pesquisa bibliográfica, a coleta de dados secundários e a realização do trabalho de campo, os resultados alcançados transitam entre a descrição das paisagens do objeto de pesquisa, a reconstrução de sua formação, a leitura e a interpretação da diferenciação espacial dos territórios investigados, o diálogo com as representações dos atores territoriais e a análise da relação da BR-060 com a internacionalização do Cerrado. O esforço de síntese permitiu ressaltar a importância de uma leitura geopolítica das redes técnicas que se contraponha à sua naturalização. Tal postura investigativa permitiu identificar a participação ativa de atores econômicos na duplicação da BR-060 e na produção da circulação diferencial. Entre as principais conclusões da pesquisa ressalta-se o avanço da tendência do uso corporativo do território no Cerrado e do desenvolvimento geográfico desigual, que fragmenta regiões e coloca novos desafios para um projeto de desenvolvimento sustentável, capaz de combater o atual dinamismo concentrador, que resulta na metropolização e no aprofundamento das desigualdades sociais.

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22

Corrales, Mariana. "Analyse d’un réseau territorial pour soutenir la durabilité des exploitations agricoles : rôle de processus collectifs d'innovation". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20109/document.

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Le changement du paradigme agricole met en évidence les initiatives des acteurs locaux en matière de développement durable. À partir de l’expérience pratiquée au sein du Groupement des agriculteurs biologiques et biodynamiques du département du Gers (GABB32) autour de la diffusion et du transfert des techniques de production agro-écologiques entre agriculteurs biologiques et conventionnels, cette thèse propose d’analyser le rôle de la dynamique collective dans la transition agro-écologique des exploitations agricoles. Pour étudier l’innovation et son processus, nous avons développé une méthodologie compréhensive qui combine entretiens, observations participatives et non-participatives et analyses documentaires. Ce qui a permis de suivre 30 exploitations agricoles appartenant au groupe couverts végétaux du GABB32. Au total, nous avons effectué 55 entretiens semi-directifs auprès des acteurs locaux : agriculteurs et professionnels agricoles, institutions, associations et citoyens. Les résultats ont porté sur la gestion de l’exploitation, les pratiques participatives d’échanges et de construction de connaissances au sein du groupe et intégrées à des dynamiques au sein du réseau territorial. Nous montrons qu’il existe plusieurs paramètres de nature individuelle et collective. Au niveau individuel, c’est la stratégie et les valeurs de l’agriculteur qui ont un effet sur l’intensité d’innovation. Au niveau collectif, c’est la dynamique qui contribue à avancer par un processus d’innovation. À partir de là, il est possible d’avoir une évolution positive du point de vue de la durabilité des exploitations agricoles. La création d’espaces en faveur des échanges de connaissances entre agriculteurs et les changements vers des pratiques plus durables, ouvrent des interactions en réseau entre différents acteurs et crée de nouvelles coopérations. Les résultats de l’action collective contribuent à la dynamique de développement de l’AB
Changing agricultural paradigm reveals local actors initiatives with regard to sustainable development. Based on the organics farmers union GABB32 experience around organic and conventional farmers agro-ecological techniques transfer and dissemination, this thesis proposes to analyze the role of collective dynamics in agro-ecological farms transition. In order to study innovations and its processes, we have developed a comprehensive methodology that combines the use of data collection such as interviews, participative and non-participative observation, and documentary analysis, which allowed following 30 farms belonging from the organic farmers union GABB32 cover crops group. In total, we realized 55 semi-structured interviews conducted with the main local actors: farmers, agricultural professional bodies, institutions, associations, and citizens. Results were articulated with farm management, group knowledge exchange and participatory approach, and territorial network dynamics. We reveal several individual and collective parameters in transitions. At the individual level, farmer strategies and values have an impact on the intensity of innovation. At the collective level, dynamics contribute to the advancement of innovation processes. From there, it is possible for farms to obtain a sustainable positive evolution. Creating spaces for knowledge exchange between farmers and changing practices toward sustainability opens network interactions and multi-actors cooperation’s. Collective action results show that they encourage organic farming development

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23

Pereira, Ana Paula Camilo. "Asas da centralidade em céus conhecidos: a dinâmica empresarial do setor de transporte aéreo no território brasileiro". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-06052015-145214/.

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O setor de transporte aéreo brasileiro apresenta uma dinamicidade socioespacial que está relacionada à atuação e às ações estratégicas desenvolvidas pelas companhias aéreas em múltiplas escalas territoriais. Este trabalho se propõe analisar e discutir as estratégias empresariais no setor de transporte aéreo brasileiro considerando as principais companhias do país, pois são essas que empreendem uma constante dinâmica a partir de ações estratégicas que promovem a concorrência e a competitividade, mas que também se consubstanciam por estratégias de cooperação. Ao analisar a reprodução do capital empresarial, este trabalho discute as estratégias de três das principais companhias aéreas brasileiras que concentram a maioria dos voos realizados no país, sendo: a TAM Linhas Aéreas, a GOL Linhas Aéreas Inteligentes e a AZUL Linhas Aéreas Brasileiras. Considerando a integração entre a dinâmica do capital e a dinâmica territorial, defendemos a tese de que há uma indissociabilidade na relação entre as ações do capital empresarial em determinados territórios e aeroportos que constituem o interesse das principais companhias aéreas brasileiras. O objetivo primordial das empresas aéreas é buscar e garantir um maior alcance do seu poder de atuação territorial. Assim, essas ações estratégias são desenvolvidas para obter e deter o domínio, a supremacia de expansão do poder territorial, daí a constante necessidade de se promover acordos e alianças com outras companhias. Diante dessa abordagem, somam-se elementos como: a concorrência, a competitividade, a cooperação, a distribuição das malhas aéreas e a definição dos principais hubs aeroportuários, as concessões de aeroportos à iniciativa privada e a participação e influência das ações do capital estrangeiro. Em síntese, esses elementos constituem um conjunto de referências para analisar e discutir as ações do capital empresarial integrada à busca por poder de atuação territorial.
The Brazilian air transport sector has socio-spatial dynamics that are related to the performance and strategic actions developed by the airlines at multiple territorial levels. This study aims to analyze and discuss the business strategies in the Brazilian air transport sector considering the leading companies in the country, for these are the agents that engage in a constant and relevant dynamic based on strategic actions that promote rivalry and competition, but that are also supported by cooperative strategies. By analyzing the reproduction of business capital, this work discusses the strategies of three Brazilian companies that operate most flights in the country, namely: TAM Linhas Aéreas, GOL Linhas Aéreas Inteligentes and AZUL Linhas Aéreas Brasileiras. Considering the integration between capital dynamics and territorial dynamics, we defend the thesis that there is an inseparable link between the effects of business capital and certain territories and airports, which constitute the fundamental interests of the main Brazilian airlines. The primary objective of these companies is to pursue and ensure an increase in their potential territorial range. As such, these strategic actions are developed to obtain and hold the command, the supremacy over the expansion of territorial power. It is this that gives rise to the constant need to promote agreements and alliances with other companies. This approach is supplemented by such elements as: rivalry, competition, cooperation, distribution of air networks, definition of the main airport hubs, public concessions of airports to private companies, in addition to the participation and influence of foreign capital. In summary, these elements constitute a set of references to analyze and discuss the effects of business capital integrated with the search to control territorial range.

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Bomtempo, Denise Cristina [UNESP]. "Dinâmica territorial, atividade industrial e cidade média: as interações espaciais e os circuitos espaciais da produção das indústrias alimentícias de consumo final instaladas na cidade de Marília – SP". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105059.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Faire la numérisation du territoire, du point de vue du développement des activités économiques, dans la période de la mondialisation, c’est une tâche complexe. De nouveaux paradigmes sont faites, de nouvelles dynamiques sont expérimentés et de nouveaux paramètres notés. Il faut identifier les agents, comprendre les processus et les relations qui influencent les décisions, dans les normes qui réorganisent, qui restructurent, et,donc, qui utilisent le territoire. Dans ce contexte, nous présentons cette recherche, qui a comme perspective la lecture des dynamiques territoriales par la voie de l'activité industrielle dans le secteur de consommation finale des aliments dans la ville de Marília-SP, dans la période de la mondialisation. La méthodologie de la recherche est structurée autour de trois axes, ils sont: les lectures; l´enquête, la cartographie systématique des données secondaires, la recherche de terrain (la réalisation d´entretiens et l´aplication de questionnaires). Telle analyse est justifiée, puisque le secteur industrielle de la consommation alimentaire finalement installé dans cette ville a eu son origine liée à l´action des agents locaux, avant le processus de déconcentration industriel, lancé à partir de la métropole de São Paulo dans les années 1970. Cependant, à partir de ce moment, en raison de l´expansion des industries locales, les groupes d'entreprises de capital national et transnational ont été attirés par cette moyenne échelle de la ville... (Résumé complet accès életronique cidessous)
Fazer a leitura do território, do ponto de vista do desenvolvimento das atividades econômicas, no período da globalização, é uma tarefa complexa. Novos paradigmas estão postos, novas dinâmicas são sentidas e novas configurações notadas. É preciso identificar os agentes, entender os processos e as relações que influenciam nas decisões, nas normatizações que (re) organizam, reestruturam e, portanto, usam o território. Neste contexto, apresentamos esta pesquisa, que tem como perspectiva a leitura das dinâmicas territoriais pela via da atividade industrial do ramo alimentício de consumo final na cidade de Marília/SP, no período da globalização. A metologia da pesquisa está estruturada em três eixos, são eles: leituras; levantamento, sistematização e mapeamento de dados secundários; pesquisa de campo (realização de entrevistas e aplicação de questionários). Tal análise se justifica, pois o ramo industrial alimentício de consumo final instalado nessa cidade teve sua origem atrelada à ação de agentes locais, anterior ao processo de desconcentração industrial, iniciado a partir da metrópole paulistana na década de 1970. No entanto, a partir desse período, devido à expansão das indústrias locais, grupos empresariais de capital nacional e transnacional foram atraídos para escala dessa cidade média. Assim, com o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, verificamos que Marília, por aglomerar empresas industriais de um mesmo ramo produtivo, complexificou e ampliou sua função na divisão territorial do trabalho e na rede urbana em que está inserida e mantém relações...
Making the analysis, from the development of economical activities point of view, in times of globalization, is a complex task. There are new paradigms, new dynamics are felt and new configurations are noticed. It is needed to identify the agents, to understand the processes and relationships that have influence in the decisions and in the laws the (re)organize, restructure and, therefore, use the territory. In this context, we present this research, that has as perspective the analysis of territorial dynamics by the industrial activity of the final consumption nourishing field in the city of Marilia/SP, in the period of globalization. The methodology of the research is structured in three guidelines: analysis; survey, systematization and mapping secondary data; field research (realization of interviews and questionnaires). This analysis’s reason is that the final consumption industry installed in this city has its origins related to the actions of local agents, preceding the industrial decentralization process that began in the metropolis of Sao Paulo in the decade of 1970. However, from then on, because of the local industry expansion, business groups with national and transnational were attracted by this medium-sized city. Then, with the development of this research, we verified that Marília, by concentrating industrial companies of the same productive field made more complex and extended its function in the territorial work division and in the urban network in which it is inserted and relates to... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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25

Balem, Tiago. "Redes de museus em Porto Alegre: um estudo de caso em design territorial". Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2010. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3906.

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O contexto da globalização e das novas possibilidades de comunicação tem afetado as cidades, sua identidade e seu planejamento. O esvaziamento das cidades e a deterioração das áreas centrais geraram o interesse desta pesquisa. Através do design territorial, pretende-se estudar e identificar possibilidades para promover dinâmicas entre os componentes sociais e as características do território de Porto Alegre. Para isso, valeu-se da possibilidade da cidade estimular o seu desenvolvimento e novos processos sócio-culturais a partir de suas Instituições Culturais articuladas em rede. Assim, foi realizado um Estudo de Caso com as três maiores Instituições de artes visuais de Porto Alegre: Fundação Bienal do Mercosul, Fundação Iberê Camargo e Santander Cultural. O objetivo foi verificar uma possível articulação em rede entre essas Instituições e suas atuais relações com a Secretaria Municipal de Cultura (SMC) e o público. A partir do material coletado e organizado, foi realizada uma experimentação através de um workshop orientado ao design, o que possibilitou cruzamento das informações obtidas e apresentou cenários de projetos aplicados ao território segundo o modelo de rede.
The context of globalization and new communication possibilities has affected cities, their identity and planning. The emptying of cities and the deterioration of central areas have attracted the interest of this research. Through territorial design, this research intends to study and identify opportunities to promote dynamics between social components and characteristics of Porto Alegre?s territory. In order to do that, it has considered the possibility of incentive from the city to its development and new socio-cultural processes from its Cultural Institutions working as a network. Thus, a Case Study has been carried out on the three major Cultural Institutions of Porto Alegre: Fundação Bienal do Mercosul, Fundação Iberê Camargo, and Santander Cultural. Its aim was to verify a possible networking among these institutions and its current relations with the Secretaria Municipal de Cultura (SMC) and the public. From the material collected and organized, an experiment was conducted through a design-oriented workshop, which allowed the crossing of information and presentation of project scenarios applied to the territory, according to the network model.

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26

Burger, Céline. "L'éolien est-il soluble dans le territoire ? : territorialisation d'une politique d'aménagement durable". Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIML008.

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Pour parvenir à une maîtrise des enjeux en matière de changement climatique les stratégies politiques se succèdent à tous les échelons du territoire. Au sein de ces politiques, les projets de développement d'énergies renouvelables ont retenu mon attention en particulier les projets de parcs éoliens. Fortement développés au cours du XXIème siècle, ces projets mis en place pour répondre aux attentes en matière de lutte contre le réchauffement climatique s'articulent-ils pour autant au développement durable des territoires ? L'ambition de ce travail est de chercher à comprendre les dynamiques de la durabilité. Pour cela, je partirai d'un postulat de recherche selon lequel une approche du développement durable par le territoire permet de renouveler l'étude de la durabilité en aménagement. Dans la première partie, j'ancre donc territorialement les études menées sur les politiques de durabilité en mobilisant la notion de développement territoriale durable. Dans la deuxième partie, je m'intéresse aux projets de parcs éoliens en tant que projets de territoire, ce qui me permet de questionner les politiques durables sur des micro-espaces en milieu rural. Il s'est avéré que ces espaces répondent aux mêmes logiques d'aménagement que celles du milieu urbain. Cette constatation m'a amenée à formuler l'hypothèse d'une « nouvelle forme d'organisation des territoires » sans distinction entre l'urbain et le rural. La troisième partie s'attache plus particulièrement à étudier le rôle de catalyseur d'action des acteurs dans le processus de durabilité. Par leurs implications territoriales conscientes ou non, ils suscitent des réactions territoriales. Ces réactions sont la manifestation d'un nouvel intérêt pour le territoire et d'un nouvel ancrage territorial, nécessaire à la conduite de projets territoriaux durables
Political strategies have been renewed regularly to better respond to climate issues, across international, national, regional and local levels. Within those politics, renewable energy projects caught my attention. Developed in the XIXth century, this project was implanted to uncross the climate change. Therefore, the research aims at understanding how wind power plants interfere "positively or negatively" with place-based territorial constructions. The point is to address the trade-offs between spatial equity and intergenerational equity, which are the core of sustainable policies. I choose a territorial approach of sustainable development to better respond to the core aim. I think this approach contributes to renew the sustainable studies in urban planning. Consequently, in my first part, I settle the sustainable studies in territorial context by mobilizing sustainable territorial development concept. In the second part, my interests focus on wind farms projects; reconsidering such projects is to get some perspectives towards the territorial projects and sustainable policy particularly in micro-territory in rural area. The finding was a concept of “negotiated territory” without distinction between planning in rural or urban area. The third part, tried to understand the stakeholders implementation in sustainable decision-making process. With our territorial positions (conscious or not) they're because of territorial effects. These reactions are reflecting a new interest to the territory, a new links to the local communities, necessary to conduce territorial sustainable development projects

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27

Villaschi, João Nazario Simões. "Hermenêutica do patrimônio e apropriação do território em Ouro Preto - MG". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-07112014-184004/.

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No processo de patrimonialização vertical e excludente de Ouro Preto - que perpassa do tombamento, em 1933 ao título de Cidade Patrimônio Cultural da Humanidade, em 1980 -, conflitos entre a comunidade e os órgãos reguladores do patrimônio símbolo nacional se materializam nas modalidades cotidianas de apropriação do território. A abordagem dialética das contradições socioterritoriais encontra na hermenêutica dialógico-reflexiva do patrimônio o esteio para a proposição da metodologia de percursos sensoriais interpretativos. No âmbito deste doutoramento, sua avaliação crítica acena para a compreensão do universo simbólico, histórica e socialmente produzido, na perspectiva de construção de práxis emancipadoras, do refazimento do exercício íntegro e integrado da cidadania e do empoderamento sociocultural. A partir da análise das relações objetivadas no centro histórico, descortinam-se os movimentos de totalização urbana, no entendimento da realidade local e global, do particular e universal, do horizontal e vertical
In the vertical and excludent heritagisation process of Ouro Preto - whitch takes place since its federal conservation law in 1933 until the title of Cultural Heritage City of the Humanity in 1980 - conflicts between the community and the regulatory organs of the national heritage symbol are materialized in the daily modes of territory appropriation. The dialectical approach of socio-territorial contradictions finds in the dialogical-reflective hermeneutics of the heritage the bases for the proposition of the sensory interpretative pathways methodology. Within this thesis, its critical evaluation signals for understanding the historical and socially produced symbolic universe, in the construction perspective of emancipatory praxis, of the repair of the integrated exercise of citizenship and of the socio-cultural empowerment. From the analysis of the relations objectified at the historical center, the movements of urbane totalisation are unveiled, towards the understanding of the local and global reality, of the particular and universal, of the horizontal and vertical

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28

Sekaringtyas, Pembayun. "Knowledge Dynamics in Indonesian Cultural Industries : The case of Kasongan pottery cluster and Kotagede silver craft cluster in Yogyakarta Region". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-113881.

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This paper explored the knowledge dynamics of cultural industries in Yogyakarta Region. The aims of this paper are to explain how local knowledge is circulated and how new elements are added, as well as to find out how different kinds of knowledge are anchored. This thesis contributes to fill the gap of the lack of research conducted to explain knowledge dynamics in the context of Indonesian cultural industries. Cultural industries have been increasingly considered important towards economic development, whereas territorial knowledge dynamics (TKD) is considered as an update of the traditional territorial innovation models (TIM). The empirical part of this paper contains data collected from interviews with the representatives of sixteen firms, five government institutions, three local trade associations, one local youth organisation and one non-governmental organisation. The finding reveals that direct observation, face-to-face contact, and local buzz are important towards the circulation of local knowledge within the clusters. Different kinds of innovations were also found, involving multidimensional aspects at micro-levels. In a few cases, innovation was influenced by the presence of global pipelines. Knowledge anchoring happened in a complex process and involved a number of actors in multiple locations and scales. This thesis argues that policy makers should increasingly incorporate the concept of territorial knowledge dynamics (TKD) in the development of Indonesian cultural industries.

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Kotas, Jorge Eduardo. "Dinâmica de populações e pesca do tubarão-martelo Sphyrna lewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834), capturado no mar territorial e zona econômica exclusiva do sudeste-sul do Brasil". Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-08122015-105215/.

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O tubarão-martelo, Sphyrna lewini é um dos mais valiosos recursos marinhos, e o preço pago por suas barbatanas no mercado Asiático pode atingir acima dos U$ 100,00/kg. A análise da composição de tamanhos e idades nas capturas, o estudo do crescimento desta espécie de grande porte e a evolução temporal dos desembarques, indicaram que este recurso se encontra sobreexplotado no sudeste e sul do Brasil, como reflexo de diferentes modalidades pesqueiras atuando ao longo de todo o seu ciclo de vida e à baixa resiliência desta espécie à pesca, por apresentar um crescimento lento (L∞ = 329,12 cm; K = 0,071 ano-1; to = -2,37 ano; sexos combinados), longevidade acima dos 40 anos e mortalidade natural baixa (M = 0,1 ano-1 na fase adulta), padrões estes típicos de uma espécie K-estrategista . A sobrepesca de recrutamento, ocorre nas áreas costeiras, principalmente pela pesca de arrasto e emalhe costeiro, não havendo a proteção das áreas de parto na primavera-verão. Neste caso há grandes capturas de neonatos e juvenis até 8 anos de idade. A tração adulta por sua vez é reduzida pela pesca de espinheI e de emalhe de superfície principalmente na zona de talude. Modelos de análise de covariância indicaram maiores capturas desta espécie na pesca de espinheI de monofilamento de superfície durante os meses de primavera-verão, na zona de talude (200 e 3000 m) e a existência de uma relação linear positiva entre a captura em peso e o esforço em número de anzóis. Medidas de manejo e conservação para esta espécie são sugeridas.
The scalloped hammerhead shark Sphyrna lewini is one of the most valuable marine resources, due to its high-priced fins in the Asian market, which can reach U$ 100,00/kg. The analysis of the length and age composition in the catches, growth studies, and the annual development of its landings in southern Brazil, showed signs of overexploitation for the species. This effect was mainly caused by different fishing gears exploiting all the phases of its life-cycle and its low resilience to fishing pressure due to its slow-growing strategy (L∞ = 329,12 cm; K = 0,071 yr-1; to = -2,37 ano; both sexes), longevity (> 40 yrs.) and low natural mortality (M = 0,1 yr-1, during adult phase), which means a K\'strategic typical pattern. Recruitment overfishing use to happen in coastal areas by trawls and anchored gillnets activities which destroy the nurseries and juvenile grounds for the species, mainly in spring-summer months when the parturition occurs. On the other hand, the adult fraction of the stock is reduced by surface longline and driftnets activities along the continental slope. For the surface monofilament longline fisheries, covariance models detected the highest catches of scalloped hammerhead sharks along the slope (between 200 - 3000 m depth), during spring-summer months. There was also a positive linear relationship between catch (in weight) and effort (hook number). Management and conservation measures are recommended for this species.

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30

Santos, Leandro Bruno [UNESP]. "Reestruturação, internacionalização e novos territórios de acumulação do Grupo Votorantim". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96707.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A hipótese defendida nesta dissertação é de que o avanço de empresas e grupos no exterior resulta de um longo processo histórico de concentração e centralização de capital e do papel inovador do empresário em sentido amplo. O acirramento da concorrência e a enorme liquidez mundial contribuíram, sem dúvida, para a centralização de capital e a concentração da oferta em setores de alta tecnologia e intensivos em capital nos últimos anos. As empresas e grupos de países periféricos, após um longo processo de concentração e centralização de capital, quando impelidos à concorrência oligopólica mundial por meio das políticas liberalizantes dos anos 1990, reestruturam seus negócios em ramos nos quais tinham condições de responder às contrapartes dos países desenvolvidos e expandem-se em outros territórios. Os fluxos de investimentos diretos, antes restritos à Tríade, são o resultado, atualmente, da emergência de grandes players de países periféricos (Brasil, China, México, Índia, entre outros), demonstrando, inter alia, que o processo de centralização de capital, antes concentrado, conhece uma fase de centralização desconcentrada. No plano espacial, as implicações são a redefinição nas relações centro-periferia, devido às aquisições agressivas feitas no sentido Sul-Norte e a relativização da importância Norte-Sul, mediante o aumento significativo dos investimentos Sul-Sul. Este trabalho tem como fulcro essas mudanças e parte, no plano empírico, da análise do Grupo Votorantim...
Our hypothesis in this paper is that progress of companies and groups abroad is the consequence of a long process of concentration and centralization of the capital and the entrepreneur’s innovative role. Hard competition and enormous monetary availability may be the cause of the capital centralization and concentration of products that demand capital and high technology in recent years. After a long process of concentration and centralization of capital, companies and groups of peripheral countries restructure their business where they able to compete with companies of developed countries, compelled by the oligopolic world competitivity in the nineties. Thus, those companies moved abroad. The flows of direct investment that were restricted to the Triad are the result, now, of the emergency of global players in peripheral countries (Brazil, China, Mexico, India, among other), demonstrating, inter alia, that the process of capital centralization is now in disconcentration. Spatiality, the consequences are the redefinition of the center-periphery relationship, thanks the aggressive acquisitions made by those new players and the relativization of the importance of developed countries, by significant increase of the investments South-South. The main points of this study are those changes and based on the strategies of Votorantim Group... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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31

Badji, Seydou. "Le sud du Sénégal à l'heure de la culture irriguée de la banane : innovations agricoles et dynamiques territoriales". Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H047/document.

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Cette thèse étudie les dynamiques territoriales induites par le développement de la culture irriguée de la banane dessert, dans le sud du Sénégal, dans un contexte de systèmes de production profondément pluviaux et de marginalisation des grandes dynamiques de développement nationales. En tant que culture intensive et marchande, cette innovation agricole pose la question de son adoption, mais surtout de sa rentabilité économique face à l'enclavement et de ses interactions avec les dynamiques locales de développement. Pour répondre à cette question, la thèse s'est appuyée sur des enquêtes qualitatives auprès de divers acteurs de la filière banane (producteurs, commerçants, encadreurs, intermédiaires, etc.) et d'une lecture attentive des mutations en cours au sud du Sénégal. La thèse s'organise ainsi autour de trois parties. La première montre que c'est dans le caractère marginal des régions sud du Sénégal que réside les facteurs naturels et socioéconomiques d'émergence de la culture irriguée de la banane. La seconde partie analyse le processus de son intégration dans les stratégies productives des paysans en insistant sur l'organisation de la production et les dynamiques de sa commercialisation. La troisième partie interroge les effets socio-économiques et géographiques de la dynamique de développement de l'innovation bananière dans le sud du Sénégal, en la replaçant au centre des recompositions socio-économiques et environnementales en cours aux niveaux local et régional. Cette thèse est ainsi une contribution à l'étude des «opérations de développement» en milieu rural africain et des possibilités de développement des régions marginalisées en Afrique de l'ouest
This thesis examines dessert banana cropping development induced territorial dynamics in the southern Senegal region, characterized by highly rained-dependent production systems and by a marginalization of the major national development dynamics. As an intensive and market-oriented crop, this agricultural innovation raises the question of its adoption in rain-fed systems, and above all its economic profitability in an isolation context and its interactions with local development dynamics. To answer this question, this thesis was based on data obtained from qualitative surveys of various banana sector stakeholders (producers, traders, supervisors, intermediaries, etc.) and a careful analysis of the ongoing changes in southern Senegal. The thesis is thus articulated on three axes. The first axis shows that the natural and socioeconomic factors that led to the event of irrigated banana cropping stems from the marginal nature of the southern regions of Senegal. The second part analyzes its integration process into farmers' the productive strategies while emphasizing on produces' organizations, banana production practices and marketing dynamics. Finally, an analysis of the socio-economic and geographical effects of banana cropping innovation dynamic development in southern Senegal, substituting banana innovation at the center of the ongoing socio-economic and environmental reorganizations bath at the local and regional levels. This thesis is thus a contribution to the study of "development operations" in rural Africa and the development opportunities of marginalized areas in West Africa

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32

Pereira, Mirlei Fachini Vicente [UNESP]. "O processo recente de atualização do território no sudoeste da Amazônia: lógicas exógenas e dialéticas endógenas em Rondônia e Acre". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104318.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
A idéia central do trabalho foi avaliar os processos recentes de modernização no Sudoeste da Amazônia (estados de Rondônia e Acre) que, em sua face geográfica mais direta, foram reconhecidos como um processo de atualização do território. O que denominamos atualização do território se dá, de modo geral, com a instalação de novas infra-estruturas com vistas a tornar o território apto e competitivo para um trabalho “moderno”, sobretudo aquele trabalho que interessa a lugares e agentes externos. Por ocorrer deste modo, os esforços históricos de modernização do território no sudoeste amazônico ocorrem como processos de modernização em crise, já que os usos territoriais não são orientados para as necessidades próprias do lugar, resultando numa situação antagônica onde, de um lado, ações e agentes impõem um uso corporativo do território endereçado às lógicas externas, e, de outro lado, dialeticamente, agentes hegemonizados realizam atividades simples voltadas para os interesses próprios do lugar. Partindo destes pressupostos, avaliamos as diferentes divisões do trabalho e as diferentes atividades desempenhadas no lugar. Foram avaliadas as políticas que orientam a constituição, no território, de objetos, ações e normas voltados para a atualização das bases produtivas, técnicas e políticas, que aparecem especialmente na agropecuária (a partir de um agronegócio moderno), mas também as atividades urbanas que conhecem atualmente importante readequação (inserção, na região, dos nexos modernos do consumo e das atividades de serviços). De outro lado, e a partir do reconhecimento de que o processo de atualização do território se realiza de forma antagônica e concentrada, avaliamos as atividades e o trabalho considerados não-modernos, com a análise das atividades da agricultura voltada para o consumo local e das atividades...
The central idea of the work was to evaluate the recent processes of modernization in the southwest of the Brazilian Amazon (states of Rondonia and Acre ), which in its more direct geographical face was recognized as a process of territorial modernization. What we denominate territorial modernization occurs, in general, with the installation of new infrastructures in order to make the territory competitive and fit to modern work, especially the work that concerns to external places and agents. Due to this way of occurrence, the historical efforts to modernize the territory in the southwest Amazon occur as processes of modernization in crisis, as territorial uses are not geared to the requirements of the place, resulting in an antagonistic situation where, on one hand, actions and agents require a corporate use of the territory addressed to external logics, and, in addition, dialectically, agents not hegemonic perform simple activities geared to the personal interests of place. Under these assumptions, we evaluate the different divisions of the work and the different activities performed in the place. It was evaluated the policies that guide the establishment of objects, actions and norms to the modernization of the technical, political productive bases in the territory, which appear especially in agriculture (from a modern agribusiness), but also the urban activities that currently faces important readjustment (insertion of the nexus of modern consumption and the activities of services in the region). By the other side, since it‟s recognized that the territory modernization process is held under antagonistic and concentrated form, we evaluate the activities and the work as non-modern, with an analysis of the agriculture activities focusing for local consumption and activities in cities that constitute the inferior circuit of urban economy.

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Santos, Sabrina Dias dos. "Geografia da saúde : processo saúde-doença no bairro Santo Afonso - Novo Hamburgo - RS". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/181318.

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As dinâmicas territoriais podem revelar o desenvolvimento e as características do processo saúde/doença em determinados lugares. Os indivíduos circunscritos em uma determinada área, realizam ações e práticas cotidianas que podem culminar na criação de ambientes propícios à proliferação de doenças e sua disseminação. Dentro do contexto urbano, a complexidade das interações entre o individuo e o lugar em que vive reforçam a importância da investigação dos fatores multicausais do processo saúde/doença. Portanto quando se quer investigar o porquê de uma população adoecer, não se deve levar em consideração apenas os aspectos biológicos, mas as variáveis de ordem cultural, social, econômica, entre outras. Estas variáveis são intrínsecas às discussões sobre saúde e doença e não podem ser olvidadas das análises deste processo. Dentro desta perspectiva, o objetivo geral deste trabalho foi o de compreender como as dinâmicas territoriais do Bairro Santo Afonso, localizado na cidade de Novo Hamburgo, influenciam no processo saúde/doença dos moradores. Para isso, buscamos através de entrevistas e aplicação de questionários aos moradores, dados que revelassem o entendimento que as pessoas tinham sobre saúde e doença, bem como, análises da Pesquisa Municipal de Saúde (2014-2017), Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (2013) e Relatório Anual de Gestão (2015), que mostraram as principais enfermidades ocorridas no bairro nos últimos anos. Com isso, conseguimos desenhar um perfil nosológico dos residentes do Bairro Santo Afonso, onde a reemergência da sífilis, altos índices de diabéticos e hipertensos e o número expressivo de indivíduos com depressão estão entre os destaques dos resultados apurados. Além da constatação de que os contrastes sociais e ambientais no bairro estão ligados diretamente ao processo de adoecimento.
Territorial dynamics can reveal the development and characteristics of the health / disease process in certain places. The individuals circumscribed in a given area, perform daily actions and practices that can culminate in the creation of environments conducive to the proliferation of diseases and their dissemination. Within the urban context, the complexity of the interactions between the individual and the place in which they live reinforces the importance of investigating the multicausal factors of the health / disease process. Therefore, when one wants to investigate why a population falls ill, one should not only consider biological aspects, but also cultural, social and economic variables, among others. These variables are intrinsic to discussions about health and disease and can not be neglected in the analysis of this process. Within this perspective, the general objective of this work was to understand how the territorial dynamics of the Bairro Santo Afonso, located in the city of Novo Hamburgo, influence the health / illness process of the residents. For this, we searched through interviews and application of questionnaires to the residents, data that revealed the understanding that people had about health and disease, as well as analysis of the Municipal Health Survey (2014-2017), National Health Survey (2013) and Annual Management Report (2015), which showed the main diseases in the neighborhood in recent years. With this, we were able to design a nosological profile of the residents of the neighborhood of Santo Afonso, where the reemergence of syphilis, high rates of diabetics and hypertension and the expressive number of individuals with depression are among the highlights of the results. Besides the fact that the social and environmental contrasts in the neighborhood are directly linked to the process of illness

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34

Marques, Ana Flávia. "Análise da paisagem e dinâmicas territoriais na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Pardo (RS)". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1792.

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The watershed river region that makes up the landscape of the Pardo s watershed has characteristics that make it interesting for the application of landscape studies, since, over the centuries, has been undergoing significant transformations physicalenvironmental and socio-territorial resulting in periods of high participation in the economy of Rio Grande do Sul and even the country (XVIII century), followed by a period of stagnation, beginning in the XIX century and extends to the contemporary. At the dawn of the XXI century, this region faces new challenges of environmental and territorial nature, which materialize in the monoculture of rice, the beef cattle industry and the possibility of reopening the port. The research reported here a historical part of which is to present the specific construction of the state territory - construction that is strongly linked to the city that gives its name to watershed studied - Rio Pardo. This approach aims to highlight how the landscape shapes and reacts to development options or how the rationality of capital ownership and is responsible for the production of space. The methodological procedures, based geospatial allowed the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the landscape for the time interval of twenty-two years, which allowed the physical characterization of the river basin (thematic maps of the drainage network, clinografia, and uses hipsometria land for the years 1989, 2000 and 2011) as well as the use of indices for understanding the changes that have shaped the landscape over the years - fragmentation and urbanity. The results indicate that the story and the speed of the process of deforestation associated with the expansion of agriculture, livestock and forestry are considerably modifying the dynamics of the forest or seminatural vegetation remaining in the landscape Pardo s watershed, and such processes are rarely accompanied appropriate conservation strategies. The condition of the remaining natural vegetation Pardo s watershed factors before direct and indirect pressure has to be especially problematic from the standpoint of conservation in the face of evidence of loss of natural landscape. Although the loss of the fragments of natural vegetation in the period from 1989 to 2011, with the replacement of these systems changed by man, is negligible, there is no evidence of the continuation of this trend. With the continued anthropogenic processes the primary question is directed to define the size of the area of natural vegetation in each municipality, inserted within the limits of the Pardo s watershed, which can be converted (changed) for human use, in relation to the condition minimum natural landscape ensured by the existence of functional natural ecosystems. That is, what areas/fragments should be preserved or restored strategically to be reduced pressures on the remaining biodiversity in a given region Pardo s watershed, with the expectation that they are reinstated or provided goods and ecosystem services provided to welfare human. The analyzes in the broad sense, present one of the possible paths to the objectification of subjective relationships established between water, people and landscapes in the Pardo s watershed.
A região hidrográfica que compõe a paisagem da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Pardo apresenta características que a tornam peculiar para a aplicação de estudos da paisagem, uma vez que, ao longo dos séculos, vem passando por significativas transformações físico-ambientais e socioterritoriais que resultaram em períodos de grande participação na economia do Rio Grande do Sul e mesmo do país (século XVIII), seguidos por um período de estagnação, que tem início no século XIX, e se estende até a contemporaneidade. No despontar do século XXI, essa região enfrenta novos desafios de cunho socioambiental e territorial, os quais se materializam na monocultura orizícola, na pecuária de corte e na possibilidade de reabertura do seu porto. A pesquisa aqui relatada parte de um resgate histórico que se propõe a apresentar as especificidades de construção do território gaúcho construção que se encontra fortemente vinculada ao município que dá nome a Bacia Hidrográfica estudada: Rio Pardo. Esta abordagem objetiva ressaltar o quanto a paisagem molda e reage às opções de desenvolvimento ou o quanto a racionalidade do capital é responsável pela apropriação e produção do espaço. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados, com base geoespacial, permitiram a análise quali-quantitativa da paisagem para o intervalo de tempo de vinte e dois anos, que possibilitaram a caracterização física da região hidrográfica (mapas temáticos de rede de drenagem, clinografia, hipsometria e usos e cobertura da terra para os anos de 1989, 2000 e 2011), bem como a aplicação de índices para a compreensão das alterações que moldaram a paisagem ao longo dos anos fragmentação e urbanidade. Os resultados indicam que a história e a velocidade do processo de desmatamento associado à expansão da fronteira agrícola, da pecuária e da silvicultura vêm modificando consideravelmente a dinâmica florestal da vegetação natural e seminatural remanescente na paisagem da Bacia do Pardo, sendo que tais processos raramente são acompanhados de estratégias conservacionistas adequadas. A condição dos remanescentes de vegetação natural da Bacia do Pardo diante dos fatores diretos e indiretos de pressão apresenta-se especialmente problemática do ponto de vista conservacionista frente às evidências da perda de naturalidade da paisagem. Embora a perda de área dos fragmentos de vegetação natural no período de 1989 a 2011, com a substituição dos mesmos por sistemas alterados pelo homem, seja pouco significativa, não há evidências da continuidade dessa tendência. Com o prosseguimento dos processos antrópicos a questão primordial dirige-se para a definição do tamanho da área de vegetação natural, em cada território municipal inserido nos limites da Bacia do Pardo, que pode ser convertida (alterada) para uso humano, em relação à condição mínima de naturalidade da paisagem, assegurada pela existência de ecossistemas naturais funcionais. Isto é, quais áreas/fragmentos devem ser estrategicamente restaurados ou preservados para que sejam diminuídas as pressões sobre a biodiversidade remanescente em uma determinada região da Bacia do Pardo, na perspectiva de que sejam restabelecidos ou assegurados os bens e serviços ecossistêmicos proporcionados ao bem-estar humano. As análises, em sentido lato, apresentam um dos possíveis caminhos para a objetivação das relações subjetivas estabelecidas entre águas, homens e paisagens na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Pardo.

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35

Oliveira, Ana Filipa de Brito Soares Costa. "Cidade Nova - a construção social de uma cidade. Estudo de caso de um projeto de politicas públicas de desenvolvimento regional". Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29964.

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Vila Nova de Santo André situada no Alentejo Litoral, é o único caso em Portugal, de uma cidade construída para apoiar um grande projeto de políticas públicas de desenvolvimento regional e de habitação social no âmbito do III Plano de Fomento. A cidade nova, construída num espaço estéril de edificado, desenhada e planeada em gabinete, mobilizou população oriunda de vários pontos do país e das ex-colónias, tornando-se à época uma cidade cosmopolita no Alentejo. É objetivo deste trabalho analisar as dinâmicas sócio-territoriais deste espaço, analisando o percurso físico e social desta cidade partindo da sua génese, compreendendo a sua evolução e constrangimentos associados, bem como a intervenção dos seus atores sociais na sua história e perspetiva futura. O estudo de caso apresentado, configura uma determinada singularidade contextual, que se pretende seja aprofundada recorrendo a diversas técnicas de investigação, privilegiando a análise documental, a recolha de informação através das entrevistas a atores sociais, a organização de um seminário a par da observação participante. Este trabalho tem a pretensão de se dirigir um público que se espera heterogéneo e que englobe todos os que se interessam e que contribuem para a definição e implementação de políticas públicas, pretende ser assim um contributo para a identificação do singular percurso percorrido por este território, por esta cidade, e pela população que por ela se mobilizou, desocultando fragilidades e pontos fortes que contribuam para a delineação de futuras linhas de intervenção regional; NEW CITY - THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF A CITY. CASE STUDY OF A REGIONAL PUBLIC POLICY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT. ABSTRACT: Situated in Alentejo Litoral, Vila Nova de Santo André is an unique case in Portugal of a city built to support an extensive project of public policies, regarding regional and housing development within the framework of the III Plano de Fomento. The new city edified on a barren land, designed and planned indoors, mobilized population from various parts of the country and former colonies, becoming at the time a cosmopolitan city in Alentejo. This thesis’ purpose is to analyze the socio-territorial dynamics of this place, by analyzing the physical and social path of the city. Starting from its genesis, understanding its evolution and associated constraints, as well as the intervention of its social agents in its history and future perspective. The case study presented, entails a certain contextual singularity, which is intended to be deepened by using various research techniques, favoring document analysis, gathering information through interviews with social actors, organizing a seminar together with participant observation. This work is adressed to a heterogeneous public, including all who might be interested and that contribute to the definition and implementation of public policies. It is intended to be a contribution to the identification of the unique path taken to built this city and by the population mobilized by it, uncovering weaknesses and strengths that contribute to the delineation of future lines of regional intervention.

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Santos, Leandro Bruno. "Reestruturação, internacionalização e novos territórios de acumulação do Grupo Votorantim /". Presidente Prudente : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96707.

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Orientador: Eliseu Savério Sposito
Banca: Everaldo Santos Melazzo
Banca: Lisandra Pereira Lamoso
Resumo: A hipótese defendida nesta dissertação é de que o avanço de empresas e grupos no exterior resulta de um longo processo histórico de concentração e centralização de capital e do papel inovador do empresário em sentido amplo. O acirramento da concorrência e a enorme liquidez mundial contribuíram, sem dúvida, para a centralização de capital e a concentração da oferta em setores de alta tecnologia e intensivos em capital nos últimos anos. As empresas e grupos de países periféricos, após um longo processo de concentração e centralização de capital, quando impelidos à concorrência oligopólica mundial por meio das políticas liberalizantes dos anos 1990, reestruturam seus negócios em ramos nos quais tinham condições de responder às contrapartes dos países desenvolvidos e expandem-se em outros territórios. Os fluxos de investimentos diretos, antes restritos à Tríade, são o resultado, atualmente, da emergência de grandes players de países periféricos (Brasil, China, México, Índia, entre outros), demonstrando, inter alia, que o processo de centralização de capital, antes concentrado, conhece uma fase de centralização desconcentrada. No plano espacial, as implicações são a redefinição nas relações centro-periferia, devido às aquisições agressivas feitas no sentido Sul-Norte e a relativização da importância Norte-Sul, mediante o aumento significativo dos investimentos Sul-Sul. Este trabalho tem como fulcro essas mudanças e parte, no plano empírico, da análise do Grupo Votorantim... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Our hypothesis in this paper is that progress of companies and groups abroad is the consequence of a long process of concentration and centralization of the capital and the entrepreneur's innovative role. Hard competition and enormous monetary availability may be the cause of the capital centralization and concentration of products that demand capital and high technology in recent years. After a long process of concentration and centralization of capital, companies and groups of peripheral countries restructure their business where they able to compete with companies of developed countries, compelled by the oligopolic world competitivity in the nineties. Thus, those companies moved abroad. The flows of direct investment that were restricted to the Triad are the result, now, of the emergency of global players in peripheral countries (Brazil, China, Mexico, India, among other), demonstrating, inter alia, that the process of capital centralization is now in disconcentration. Spatiality, the consequences are the redefinition of the center-periphery relationship, thanks the aggressive acquisitions made by those new players and the relativization of the importance of developed countries, by significant increase of the investments South-South. The main points of this study are those changes and based on the strategies of Votorantim Group... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Luna, Marco César Monteiro de Morais. "Simulações de campos de dunas sob a influência do crescimento de vegetação e da exposição do nível de água do terreno". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2010. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/13673.

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LUNA, Marco César Monteiro de Morais. Simulações de campos de dunas sob a influência do crescimento de vegetação e da exposição do nível de água do terreno. 2010. 129 f. Tese (Doutorado em Física) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2010.
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In this work we study the genesis of coastal dune fields using the DUNE model developed by Sauermann et al. (2001) and Kroy et al. (2002), and later perfected by Schwämmle and Herrmann (2004). The model was developed to calculate the transport of grains by saltation and the formation of sand dunes, and then it takes account the growth of vegetation (Durán and Herrmann, 2006a). Initially we investigate the genesis and the early stages of development of coastal dune fields in the presence of vegetation growth. The model is applied to calculate the evolution of sand transported in the same direction of the wind into a land where there is vegetation growth. In previous work, the model reproduced the fixation of sand grains and the stabilization of dunes. Consequently, the barchans dunes in the presence of plants can be transformed into parabolic dunes (Durán et al., 2006a). Here, we seek the understanding of competition between the sand transport and vegetation growth in the development of transverse dunes under the influence of plant growth, when we find a maximum height for transverse dunes under the influence of vegetation. Then we conduct a detailed study of the development of dune fields taking into account changes in the relevant parameters: the width of the beach, availability of sand sediment, wind intensity, the vegetation growth rate and the maximum height reached by the plants. Different morphologies are obtained for the coastal dune fields which depend crucially on the characteristic vegetation growth rate and the wind shear velocity, which can reproduce patterns found in actual fields. After we investigate, the genesis and development of coastal dune fields in the presence of a dynamic water level. In other to do it we complement this model with a dynamic water surface. Here we try to obtain and understand the influence of a exposed water surface over the ground in the development and morphology of the dunes. In this way, we also try a quantitative understanding of the dynamics of coastal dune fields as a function of local climatic conditions, since the dynamics of the water level is linked to rainfall (Jimenez et al., 1999, Levin et al., 2009). The results show that for a constant wind shear velocity u∗ the main effect of the presence of water is to produce the dunes in the field more regular in their shape and size. As the shift Aw in the water level becomes larger, the dunes undergo a transition from barchans dunes to chains of barchans dunes, and then to transverse dunes, reducing the maximum height reached by the dunes in the field. The water spreads the sand across the field and reduces the existence of areas which are free of the sand presence, preventing the formation of dunes and leading to the formation of a sandy bed with a smooth surface. When we increase the time which the water level tew is above the ground, the dunes in the field pattern are more regular in shape and height in the same way as when we increase the shift in water level. For a unidirectional wind sinusoidally oscillating out of phase with respect to fluctuation of water level, in opposition to the constant wind, as Aw becomes larger, higher are the dunes in the field, and they undergo a transition from chains of barchans dunes to isolated barchans dunes. In this case, the sand is retained in the dunes and we do not observe the formation of a sand bed as Aw grows. In the case of a sinusoidal wind in phase with the oscillation of the water level, the dunes appear only for small shifts in the water level. These results agree with the observations of real sand dune fields (Kocurek et al., 1992), reproducing the constructive and destructive phases which alternate in dune fields under the influence of an oscillating water level due to seasonal climatic changes. In the simulations we reproduce some morphological patterns of sand dunes that are found in the Lençóis Maranhenses sand dune field. Comparison between simulation results and satellite images of this region is quite satisfactory from a qualitative point of view and from a quantitative point of view.
Neste trabalho estudamos a gênese de campos de dunas costeiras através do modelo DUNE desenvolvido por Sauermann et al. (2001) e Kroy et al. (2002), e posteriormente aprimorado por Schwämmle e Herrmann (2004). O modelo DUNE foi desenvolvido para calcular o transporte de grãos por saltação e para a formação de dunas de areia. Depois, passou a levar em consideração também o crescimento da vegetação (Durán e Herrmann, 2006a). Inicialmente investigamos a gênese e os primeiros estágios de desenvolvimento de campos costeiros de dunas na presença do crescimento da vegetação. O modelo é aplicado para calcular a evolução da areia transportada na mesma direção do vento para dentro de um terreno onde ocorre o crescimento da vegetação. Antes, o modelo reproduziu a fixação da areia e consequente estabilização de dunas barcanas na presença das plantas, resultando na formação de dunas parabólicas (Durán et al., 2006a). Aqui, buscamos o entendimento dessa competição entre o transporte de areia e o crescimento da vegetação no desenvolvimento de dunas transversais na presença do crescimento de plantas, quando encontramos uma altura máxima para a duna transversal sob a influência da vegetação. Em seguida realizamos um estudo detalhado do desenvolvimento de campos de dunas levando em consideração variações nos parâmetros relevantes: largura da praia, disponibilidade de sedimentos, intensidade do vento, a velocidade de crescimento da vegetação e a altura máxima atingida pelas plantas. Diferentes morfologias foram obtidas para os campos de duna costeiras que dependem fundamentalmente da taxa de crescimento característica da vegetação e da velocidade de cisalhamento do vento, e que conseguem reproduzir padrões encontrados em campos reais. Depois investigamos no trabalho, a gênese e o desenvolvimento de campos de dunas costeiros na presença de um nível de água dinâmico. Para isso complementamos o modelo com uma superfície de água dinâmica. Buscamos aqui, obter e compreender a influência de uma superfície de água exposta no terreno no desenvolvimento e na morfologia das dunas. De maneira que, buscamos também um entendimento quantitativo da dinâmica de campos de dunas costeiros como função das condições climáticas locais, já que a dinâmica do nível de água está ligada ao regime de chuvas (Jimenez et al., 1999; Levin et al., 2009). Os resultados mostram que, para ventos com velocidade de cisalhamento u∗ constante, o principal efeito da presença da água é tornar as dunas no campo mais regulares em sua forma e tamanho. À medida que o deslocamento no nível de água Aw se torna maior, as dunas sofrem uma transição, passando de barcanas para cadeias de dunas barcanóides e depois para dunas transversais, reduzindo as alturas máximas atingidas pelas dunas. A água espalha a areia por todo campo e diminui a existência de áreas livres da presença de areia, impedindo a formação de dunas e levando à formação de um leito arenoso de relevo suave. Quando fixamos a altura máxima atingida pelo nível de água e aumentamos o seu tempo de exposição tew acima do chão, as dunas no campo apresentam padrão mais regular na forma e na altura da mesma maneira que acontece quando cresce o deslocamento no nível de água. Para um vento unidirecional oscilando senoidalmente fora de fase em relação a oscilação do nível de água, de maneira contrário ao vento constante, à medida que Aw se torna maior, maiores são as dunas no campo, e as dunas passam de cadeias de dunas barcanóides para dunas barcanas isoladas. Nesse caso, a areia fica retida nas dunas e não temos a formação de um leito de areia à medida que Aw cresce. Já no caso de um vento senoidal em fase com a oscilação do nível de água as dunas somente surgem para pequenas variações no nível de água. Esses resultados concordam com observações realizadas em campos reais por Kocurek et al. (1992), reproduzindo as fase destrutivas e construtivas que se alternam em campos de dunas sob a influência de um nível de água oscilante, devido às mudanças climáticas sazonais. Conseguimos com o modelo reproduzir alguns padrões de morfológicos de dunas que são encontrados nos Lençóis Maranhenses. A comparação dos resultados obtidos nas simulações com as imagens de satélite da região é bastante satisfatória, tanto do ponto de vista qualitativo, quanto do ponto de vista quantitativo.

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38

Bomtempo, Denise Cristina. "Dinâmica territorial, atividade industrial e cidade média : as interações espaciais e os circuitos espaciais da produção das indústrias alimentícias de consumo final instaladas na cidade de Marília - SP /". Presidente Prudente : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105059.

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Orientador: Eliseu Savério Sposito
Banca: Sandra Lencioni
Banca: Silvia Selingardi Sampaio
Banca: Paulo Fernando Cirino Mourão
Banca: Everaldo Santos Melazzo
Resumo: Fazer a leitura do território, do ponto de vista do desenvolvimento das atividades econômicas, no período da globalização, é uma tarefa complexa. Novos paradigmas estão postos, novas dinâmicas são sentidas e novas configurações notadas. É preciso identificar os agentes, entender os processos e as relações que influenciam nas decisões, nas normatizações que (re) organizam, reestruturam e, portanto, usam o território. Neste contexto, apresentamos esta pesquisa, que tem como perspectiva a leitura das dinâmicas territoriais pela via da atividade industrial do ramo alimentício de consumo final na cidade de Marília/SP, no período da globalização. A metologia da pesquisa está estruturada em três eixos, são eles: leituras; levantamento, sistematização e mapeamento de dados secundários; pesquisa de campo (realização de entrevistas e aplicação de questionários). Tal análise se justifica, pois o ramo industrial alimentício de consumo final instalado nessa cidade teve sua origem atrelada à ação de agentes locais, anterior ao processo de desconcentração industrial, iniciado a partir da metrópole paulistana na década de 1970. No entanto, a partir desse período, devido à expansão das indústrias locais, grupos empresariais de capital nacional e transnacional foram atraídos para escala dessa cidade média. Assim, com o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, verificamos que Marília, por aglomerar empresas industriais de um mesmo ramo produtivo, complexificou e ampliou sua função na divisão territorial do trabalho e na rede urbana em que está inserida e mantém relações... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico baixo)
Résumé: Faire la numérisation du territoire, du point de vue du développement des activités économiques, dans la période de la mondialisation, c'est une tâche complexe. De nouveaux paradigmes sont faites, de nouvelles dynamiques sont expérimentés et de nouveaux paramètres notés. Il faut identifier les agents, comprendre les processus et les relations qui influencent les décisions, dans les normes qui réorganisent, qui restructurent, et,donc, qui utilisent le territoire. Dans ce contexte, nous présentons cette recherche, qui a comme perspective la lecture des dynamiques territoriales par la voie de l'activité industrielle dans le secteur de consommation finale des aliments dans la ville de Marília-SP, dans la période de la mondialisation. La méthodologie de la recherche est structurée autour de trois axes, ils sont: les lectures; l'enquête, la cartographie systématique des données secondaires, la recherche de terrain (la réalisation d'entretiens et l'aplication de questionnaires). Telle analyse est justifiée, puisque le secteur industrielle de la consommation alimentaire finalement installé dans cette ville a eu son origine liée à l'action des agents locaux, avant le processus de déconcentration industriel, lancé à partir de la métropole de São Paulo dans les années 1970. Cependant, à partir de ce moment, en raison de l'expansion des industries locales, les groupes d'entreprises de capital national et transnational ont été attirés par cette moyenne échelle de la ville... (Résumé complet accès életronique cidessous)
Abstract: Making the analysis, from the development of economical activities point of view, in times of globalization, is a complex task. There are new paradigms, new dynamics are felt and new configurations are noticed. It is needed to identify the agents, to understand the processes and relationships that have influence in the decisions and in the laws the (re)organize, restructure and, therefore, use the territory. In this context, we present this research, that has as perspective the analysis of territorial dynamics by the industrial activity of the final consumption nourishing field in the city of Marilia/SP, in the period of globalization. The methodology of the research is structured in three guidelines: analysis; survey, systematization and mapping secondary data; field research (realization of interviews and questionnaires). This analysis's reason is that the final consumption industry installed in this city has its origins related to the actions of local agents, preceding the industrial decentralization process that began in the metropolis of Sao Paulo in the decade of 1970. However, from then on, because of the local industry expansion, business groups with national and transnational were attracted by this medium-sized city. Then, with the development of this research, we verified that Marília, by concentrating industrial companies of the same productive field made more complex and extended its function in the territorial work division and in the urban network in which it is inserted and relates to... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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39

Corsi, Laura. "Réaliser un magazine géographique sur les îles du Ponant : médiations entre recherche, territoires et télévision". Thesis, Brest, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BRES0007.

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Réaliser des films en géographie est une pratique courante, bien qu’un travail de théorisation et de légitimation soit encore en cours.La spécificité de l’expérience analysée ici tient à son contexte : cette thèse de géographie revient sur une expérience professionnelle au sein d’une télévision locale menée dans le cadre d’une convention CIFRE et d’un programme de recherche dédié aux Initiatives et au Développement des îles du Ponant (ID-îles). Les îles du Ponant sont un ensemble de treize îles habitées réparties sur la côte Manche et Atlantique. La mission en entreprise a consisté à réaliser une série de dix-neuf magazines télévisés de vingt-six minutes chacun, portant sur les dynamiques sociales, économiques et territoriales insulaires.Les films, compris dans la thèse, présentent le résultat du travail de recherche sur le développement des îles du Ponant. Le texte développe une analyse réflexive sur cette expérience de réalisation audiovisuelle à travers le concept de médiation. Il permet d’interroger la diversité des interactions entre les films, le processus de recherche, les territoires insulaires et le média télévisé.Ce travail contribue d’une part à définir les possibilités et les apports de la médiation scientifique audiovisuelle. D’autre part, il propose une caractérisation des méthodes visuelles permettant de réaliser des films de médiation dans le cadre de projets de recherche-action
Making movies as a geographer is commonplace, even if there is still a need for a theorological framework and stronger legitimacy.The specifity of the experience here analysed is based upon its context: this PhD thesis in geography presents a professionnal experience in a local TV conducted in the context of a "CIFRE" agreement (between my research lab, a local TV, and myself as a PhD candicate), agreement itself embeded in a research project dedicated to the Ponant Island, a group of 13 islands off the French Atlantic coast. The mission in the local TV consisted in making a series of 19 TV magazines (with a duration of 26 minutes each), dealing with social, economical and territorial dynamics in the Ponant islands.The movies are parts of the PhD work and present the outcomes of the research project on the development of the islands. The text exposes a reflective analysis on this experience of filmmaking using the concept of mediation. This concept enables an examination of the diversity of interactions between films, research process and insular territories. This work contributes to a definition of the possibilities provided by audivisual scientific mediation. In the same time, it proposes a characterization of visual methodologies which allow mediation through filmmaking in research-action

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40

Luna, Marco CÃsar Monteiro de Morais. "SimulaÃÃes de campos de dunas sob a influÃncia do crescimento de vegetaÃÃo e da exposiÃÃo do nÃvel de Ãgua do terreno". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4989.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
Neste trabalho estudamos a gÃnese de campos de dunas costeiras atravÃs do modelo DUNE desenvolvido por Sauermann et al. (2001) e Kroy et al. (2002), e posteriormente aprimorado por SchwÃmmle e Herrmann (2004). O modelo DUNE foi desenvolvido para calcular o transporte de grÃos por saltaÃÃo e para a formaÃÃo de dunas de areia. Depois, passou a levar em consideraÃÃo tambÃm o crescimento da vegetaÃÃo (DurÃn e Herrmann, 2006a). Inicialmente investigamos a gÃnese e os primeiros estÃgios de desenvolvimento de campos costeiros de dunas na presenÃa do crescimento da vegetaÃÃo. O modelo Ã aplicado para calcular a evoluÃÃo da areia transportada na mesma direÃÃo do vento para dentro de um terreno onde ocorre o crescimento da vegetaÃÃo. Antes, o modelo reproduziu a fixaÃÃo da areia e consequente estabilizaÃÃo de dunas barcanas na presenÃa das plantas, resultando na formaÃÃo de dunas parabÃlicas (DurÃn et al., 2006a). Aqui, buscamos o entendimento dessa competiÃÃo entre o transporte de areia e o crescimento da vegetaÃÃo no desenvolvimento de dunas transversais na presenÃa do crescimento de plantas, quando encontramos uma altura mÃxima para a duna transversal sob a influÃncia da vegetaÃÃo. Em seguida realizamos um estudo detalhado do desenvolvimento de campos de dunas levando em consideraÃÃo variaÃÃes nos parÃmetros relevantes: largura da praia, disponibilidade de sedimentos, intensidade do vento, a velocidade de crescimento da vegetaÃÃo e a altura mÃxima atingida pelas plantas. Diferentes morfologias foram obtidas para os campos de duna costeiras que dependem fundamentalmente da taxa de crescimento caracterÃstica da vegetaÃÃo e da velocidade de cisalhamento do vento, e que conseguem reproduzir padrÃes encontrados em campos reais. Depois investigamos no trabalho, a gÃnese e o desenvolvimento de campos de dunas costeiros na presenÃa de um nÃvel de Ãgua dinÃmico. Para isso complementamos o modelo com uma superfÃcie de Ãgua dinÃmica. Buscamos aqui, obter e compreender a influÃncia de uma superfÃcie de Ãgua exposta no terreno no desenvolvimento e na morfologia das dunas. De maneira que, buscamos tambÃm um entendimento quantitativo da dinÃmica de campos de dunas costeiros como funÃÃo das condiÃÃes climÃticas locais, jÃ que a dinÃmica do nÃvel de Ãgua estÃ ligada ao regime de chuvas (Jimenez et al., 1999; Levin et al., 2009). Os resultados mostram que, para ventos com velocidade de cisalhamento u∗ constante, o principal efeito da presenÃa da Ãgua Ã tornar as dunas no campo mais regulares em sua forma e tamanho. Ã medida que o deslocamento no nÃvel de Ãgua Aw se torna maior, as dunas sofrem uma transiÃÃo, passando de barcanas para cadeias de dunas barcanÃides e depois para dunas transversais, reduzindo as alturas mÃximas atingidas pelas dunas. A Ãgua espalha a areia por todo campo e diminui a existÃncia de Ãreas livres da presenÃa de areia, impedindo a formaÃÃo de dunas e levando Ã formaÃÃo de um leito arenoso de relevo suave. Quando fixamos a altura mÃxima atingida pelo nÃvel de Ãgua e aumentamos o seu tempo de exposiÃÃo tew acima do chÃo, as dunas no campo apresentam padrÃo mais regular na forma e na altura da mesma maneira que acontece quando cresce o deslocamento no nÃvel de Ãgua. Para um vento unidirecional oscilando senoidalmente fora de fase em relaÃÃo a oscilaÃÃo do nÃvel de Ãgua, de maneira contrÃrio ao vento constante, Ã medida que Aw se torna maior, maiores sÃo as dunas no campo, e as dunas passam de cadeias de dunas barcanÃides para dunas barcanas isoladas. Nesse caso, a areia fica retida nas dunas e nÃo temos a formaÃÃo de um leito de areia Ã medida que Aw cresce. JÃ no caso de um vento senoidal em fase com a oscilaÃÃo do nÃvel de Ãgua as dunas somente surgem para pequenas variaÃÃes no nÃvel de Ãgua. Esses resultados concordam com observaÃÃes realizadas em campos reais por Kocurek et al. (1992), reproduzindo as fase destrutivas e construtivas que se alternam em campos de dunas sob a influÃncia de um nÃvel de Ãgua oscilante, devido Ãs mudanÃas climÃticas sazonais. Conseguimos com o modelo reproduzir alguns padrÃes de morfolÃgicos de dunas que sÃo encontrados nos LenÃÃis Maranhenses. A comparaÃÃo dos resultados obtidos nas simulaÃÃes com as imagens de satÃlite da regiÃo Ã bastante satisfatÃria, tanto do ponto de vista qualitativo, quanto do ponto de vista quantitativo.
In this work we study the genesis of coastal dune fields using the DUNE model developed by Sauermann et al. (2001) and Kroy et al. (2002), and later perfected by SchwÃmmle and Herrmann (2004). The model was developed to calculate the transport of grains by saltation and the formation of sand dunes, and then it takes account the growth of vegetation (DurÃn and Herrmann, 2006a). Initially we investigate the genesis and the early stages of development of coastal dune fields in the presence of vegetation growth. The model is applied to calculate the evolution of sand transported in the same direction of the wind into a land where there is vegetation growth. In previous work, the model reproduced the fixation of sand grains and the stabilization of dunes. Consequently, the barchans dunes in the presence of plants can be transformed into parabolic dunes (DurÃn et al., 2006a). Here, we seek the understanding of competition between the sand transport and vegetation growth in the development of transverse dunes under the influence of plant growth, when we find a maximum height for transverse dunes under the influence of vegetation. Then we conduct a detailed study of the development of dune fields taking into account changes in the relevant parameters: the width of the beach, availability of sand sediment, wind intensity, the vegetation growth rate and the maximum height reached by the plants. Different morphologies are obtained for the coastal dune fields which depend crucially on the characteristic vegetation growth rate and the wind shear velocity, which can reproduce patterns found in actual fields. After we investigate, the genesis and development of coastal dune fields in the presence of a dynamic water level. In other to do it we complement this model with a dynamic water surface. Here we try to obtain and understand the influence of a exposed water surface over the ground in the development and morphology of the dunes. In this way, we also try a quantitative understanding of the dynamics of coastal dune fields as a function of local climatic conditions, since the dynamics of the water level is linked to rainfall (Jimenez et al., 1999, Levin et al., 2009). The results show that for a constant wind shear velocity u∗ the main effect of the presence of water is to produce the dunes in the field more regular in their shape and size. As the shift Aw in the water level becomes larger, the dunes undergo a transition from barchans dunes to chains of barchans dunes, and then to transverse dunes, reducing the maximum height reached by the dunes in the field. The water spreads the sand across the field and reduces the existence of areas which are free of the sand presence, preventing the formation of dunes and leading to the formation of a sandy bed with a smooth surface. When we increase the time which the water level tew is above the ground, the dunes in the field pattern are more regular in shape and height in the same way as when we increase the shift in water level. For a unidirectional wind sinusoidally oscillating out of phase with respect to fluctuation of water level, in opposition to the constant wind, as Aw becomes larger, higher are the dunes in the field, and they undergo a transition from chains of barchans dunes to isolated barchans dunes. In this case, the sand is retained in the dunes and we do not observe the formation of a sand bed as Aw grows. In the case of a sinusoidal wind in phase with the oscillation of the water level, the dunes appear only for small shifts in the water level. These results agree with the observations of real sand dune fields (Kocurek et al., 1992), reproducing the constructive and destructive phases which alternate in dune fields under the influence of an oscillating water level due to seasonal climatic changes. In the simulations we reproduce some morphological patterns of sand dunes that are found in the LenÃÃis Maranhenses sand dune field. Comparison between simulation results and satellite images of this region is quite satisfactory from a qualitative point of view and from a quantitative point of view.

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41

Lucaccioni, Héloïse. "Espaces, liens, et santé : dynamiques d’invasion d’un hôte de zoonoses dans un territoire en mutation : le cas du rat noir au Sénégal Oriental". Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100167/document.

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L’évolution des mises en liens en réponse aux changements globaux et à la globalisation contemporaine précipite le risque d’émergence infectieuse. Dans cette recherche, nous dressons une géographie des vulnérabilités territoriales face à l’émergence des risques zoonotiques. Notre cas d’étude est celui des dynamiques d’invasion d’un hôte commensal, le rat noir (Rattus rattus), dans les marges orientales du Sénégal, périphérie rurale ouest-africaine en mutation. Nous défendons l’idée que les sociétés façonnent des systèmes territoriaux inégalement vulnérables à la diffusion spatiale de l’hôte.Nous montrons que les espaces du Sénégal Oriental et leurs mises en liens se transforment sous l’action des multiples acteurs territoriaux. Les dynamiques d’invasion du rat noir reflètent ces évolutions. Pourtant, les facteurs spatiaux de diffusion des lieux, des foyers, et des chemins d’invasion sont inopérants pour expliquer les dynamiques spatio-temporelles de l’hôte. En outre, la distribution spatiale du rongeur apparaît en contradiction avec les modèles classiques de diffusion fondés sur la hiérarchie ou la distance spatiale des lieux. La diffusion de l’hôte s’inscrit dans des systèmes complexes et multiscalaires tissés dans la rencontre des espaces, des lieux, et des liens construits par les sociétés. Nous proposons une grille de lecture où les formes de la diffusion dans l’espace et le temps répondent des degrés de stabilité et d’instabilité de ces systèmes socio-spatiaux, façonnant ainsi des territoires inégalement vulnérables au risque d’émergence infectieuse
The evolution of spatial relationships in the contemporary context of global changes and globalization promote disease emergence. In this study, we draw a geography of territorial vulnerabilities to the emergence of zoonotic risks. In southeastern Senegal, a changing rural periphery of West Africa, we address the issue of the spread of an invasive species and host of pathogens, the black rat (Rattus rattus). We argue that societies produce territorial systems that are unequally vulnerable to the spatial diffusion of the host.We evidence that the spaces of Southeastern Senegal and the spatial relationships among them are transformed under the action of multiple social actors. The spread of the black rat reflects these changes. Yet, the spatial characteristics of the invaded places (such as connectivity or centrality) as well as the spatial relationships among them are insufficient in understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of the rodent invasion. Moreover, the spatial distribution of the black rat contradicts conventional models of hierarchical or contagious diffusion. The spatial diffusion of the host responds to spaces, places, and spatial links intimately woven by societies into complex and multiscale systems. We propose to understand the many forms of spatial diffusion as the response to the stability or instability of these socio-spatial systems, which then form territories unevenly vulnerable to the risk of disease emergence

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Pereira, Mirlei Fachini Vicente. "O processo recente de atualização do território no sudoeste da Amazônia : lógicas exógenas e dialéticas endógenas em Rondônia e Acre /". Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104318.

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Orientador: Samira Peduti Kahil
Banca: Ana Clara Torres Ribeiro
Banca: André Roberto Martin
Banca: Márcio Antonio Cataia
Banca: Fábio Betioli Contel
Resumo: A idéia central do trabalho foi avaliar os processos recentes de modernização no Sudoeste da Amazônia (estados de Rondônia e Acre) que, em sua face geográfica mais direta, foram reconhecidos como um processo de "atualização do território". O que denominamos atualização do território se dá, de modo geral, com a instalação de novas infra-estruturas com vistas a tornar o território apto e competitivo para um trabalho "moderno", sobretudo aquele trabalho que interessa a lugares e agentes externos. Por ocorrer deste modo, os esforços históricos de modernização do território no sudoeste amazônico ocorrem como processos de modernização em crise, já que os usos territoriais não são orientados para as necessidades próprias do lugar, resultando numa situação antagônica onde, de um lado, ações e agentes impõem um uso corporativo do território endereçado às lógicas externas, e, de outro lado, dialeticamente, agentes hegemonizados realizam atividades simples voltadas para os interesses próprios do lugar. Partindo destes pressupostos, avaliamos as diferentes divisões do trabalho e as diferentes atividades desempenhadas no lugar. Foram avaliadas as políticas que orientam a constituição, no território, de objetos, ações e normas voltados para a atualização das bases produtivas, técnicas e políticas, que aparecem especialmente na agropecuária (a partir de um agronegócio moderno), mas também as atividades urbanas que conhecem atualmente importante readequação (inserção, na região, dos nexos modernos do consumo e das atividades de serviços). De outro lado, e a partir do reconhecimento de que o processo de atualização do território se realiza de forma antagônica e concentrada, avaliamos as atividades e o trabalho considerados não-modernos, com a análise das atividades da agricultura voltada para o consumo local e das atividades... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The central idea of the work was to evaluate the recent processes of modernization in the southwest of the Brazilian Amazon (states of Rondonia and Acre ), which in its more direct geographical face was recognized as a process of "territorial modernization". What we denominate territorial modernization occurs, in general, with the installation of new infrastructures in order to make the territory competitive and fit to "modern" work, especially the work that concerns to external places and agents. Due to this way of occurrence, the historical efforts to modernize the territory in the southwest Amazon occur as processes of modernization in crisis, as territorial uses are not geared to the requirements of the place, resulting in an antagonistic situation where, on one hand, actions and agents require a corporate use of the territory addressed to external logics, and, in addition, dialectically, agents not hegemonic perform simple activities geared to the personal interests of place. Under these assumptions, we evaluate the different divisions of the work and the different activities performed in the place. It was evaluated the policies that guide the establishment of objects, actions and norms to the modernization of the technical, political productive bases in the territory, which appear especially in agriculture (from a modern agribusiness), but also the urban activities that currently faces important readjustment (insertion of the nexus of modern consumption and the activities of services in the region). By the other side, since it‟s recognized that the territory modernization process is held under antagonistic and concentrated form, we evaluate the activities and the work as non-modern, with an analysis of the agriculture activities focusing for local consumption and activities in cities that constitute the inferior circuit of urban economy.
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Salinas, Rojas Andrea. "Dynamiques territoriales dans la gestion des ressources forestières des espaces protégés du Mexique : le cas du Nevado de Toluca". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3051.

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Cette recherche porte sur le Nevado de Toluca (Mexique), espace protégé où l’objectif de conservation des ressources forestières, tout en étant difficilement atteint, met en question les conditions d’existence des populations rurales. On étudie les dynamiques territoriales qui découlent de ces tensions. La question porte donc essentiellement sur la confrontation entre la conservation forestière telle qu’elle est portée par les autorités publiques d’une part, et d’autre part, les besoins vitaux des populations agricoles affectées par les politiques suivies. L’hypothèse principale est que les politiques de conservation forestière n’atteignent pas les objectifs de gestion fixés parce qu’il n’y a pas une vision globale dépassant les approches sectorielles des institutions en présence, et surtout parce que l’avis des paysans n’est pas assez pris en compte faute d’une connaissance approfondie des sociétés rurales. Pour rétablir cette connaissance, la méthode de recherche a consisté principalement, outre la documentation mobilisée, en de nombreux entretiens avec les habitants de plusieurs localités du Nevado, avec différents acteurs institutionnels et avec des experts forestiers qui participent à la conservation de cet espace protégé. À l’aide du logiciel TXM, ces entretiens ont fait l’objet d’une analyse quali-quantitative de type « textométrique ». Parmi les principaux résultats obtenus, on retiendra notamment le fait que les populations locales ont des représentations sociales très contrastées de leur milieu tout en ayant une pleine conscience des enjeux écologiques. Elles ressentent les restrictions d’usage, en particulier du bois de feu, comme une injustice sociale. Cependant, des configurations socio-spatiales et des dynamiques territoriales originales existent, et dépendent du contexte géographique, en particulier des phénomènes de proximité spatiale et sociale. La cohésion sociale des groupes importe et sera d’autant plus forte que ses membres partagent les mêmes valeurs culturelles, y compris religieuses. On constate également que l’éloignement de la ville produit paradoxalement des dynamiques endogènes d’organisation qui peuvent aussi constituer une base pour une politique de protection intégrée en dépit des contraintes de vie au quotidien. Au total, cette thèse propose une réflexion sur l’arbitrage à faire entre la conservation forestière et les impacts socio-économiques que cela provoque sur les populations rurales les plus démunies et esquisse des pistes de conciliation. Elle invite à penser la justice environnementale comme le fruit de l’innovation sociale
This research concerns the Nevado de Toluca (Mexico), a protected area where the goal of forest conservation, while being hardly reached, calls into questions the livelihoods of rural populations. Territorial dynamics which ensue from these tensions are examined. The question concerns essentially the confrontation between the forest preservation such as it is carried by the public authorities on one hand, and on the other hand, the vital needs for the agricultural populations affected by the followed policies. The main hypothesis is that policies of forest preservation do not reach the expected results because there is no global vision exceeding the sectorial approaches of institutions in presence, and especially because the opinion of the farmers is not enough taken into account, due to lack of a thorough knowledge of the rural societies. To restore this knowledge, the research method consisted mainly, besides the mobilized documentation, of numerous interviews with the inhabitants of several localities of Nevado, with the various institutional actors and with the forest experts who participate in the preservation of this protected space. Using the TXM software, these interviews were analysed employing a quali-quantitative analysis on the “textometric” type. Among the main obtained results, we shall hold in particular the fact that the local populations have very contrasted social representations of their environment while having a full consciousness of the ecological challenges. They feel the limitations of use, in particular some wood of fire, as a social injustice. However, socio-spatial configurations and original territorial dynamics exist, and depend on the geographical context, in particular the phenomena of spatial and social proximity. The social cohesion of the groups is important and will be all the stronger as his members share the same cultural values, including religious ones. We also notice that the distance of the city produces paradoxically endogenous dynamics of organization which may also be a basis for an integrated protection policy in spite of the constraints of everyday life. All in all, this thesis suggests a reflection around arbitration between the forest preservation and the socioeconomic impacts on the rural poorest population groups. She invites to think of the justice environmental as of the fruit of the social innovation

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Bourlon, Fabien. "Dynamiques territoriales des confins touristiques de nature : une lecture par les formes de développement en Patagonie chilienne". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH030/document.

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Les dynamiques territoriales sont le résultat des jeux d'acteurs au sein d'un espace géographique déterminé. Les comprendre suppose de cerner les stratégies d'acteurs et leurs rapports au territoire. L'ancrage progressif d'un espace à la frontière de l'écoumène dans l'économie du tourisme induit des changements socio-spatiaux importants. Quelles logiques sociogéographiques caractérisent alors la mise en tourisme des confins de nature ? Les dynamiques des destinations touristiques sont abondamment étudiées, mais celles des confins de nature ne le sont pas. Lieux marginaux, périphériques ou frontaliers, ils sont omniprésents dans les imaginaires du voyage, car chargés d'altérité, et constituent des objets géographiques à part entière [partie I]. Dans un monde toujours plus urbanisé, les confins de nature les moins connus, qualifiés de Wilderness par les Anglo-saxons, attirent de plus en plus les touristes de toutes origines.L'analyse des spécificités physiques, des données statistiques et cartographiques des confins touristiques de nature montre la pertinence spatiale de la notion. L'interprétation des discours d'acteurs du tourisme de nature permet d'en préciser les attributs sociaux culturels et les imaginaires qui s'y rattachent. Les territoires de nature sont des construits sociaux, le produit d'une organisation culturelle singulière. Différentes représentations sociales, individuelles ou collectives, produisent des discours et des logiques d'acteurs. Il en résulte différentes formes de développements des espaces touristiques, qui sont étatiques, industrielles, traditionalistes, entrepreneuriales, écologiques, alternatives ou récréatives [partie II].L'apparition d'une forme dépend de conditions historiques et culturelles sur un territoire. Il est possible de les identifier sur un espace de nature grâce à l'analyse du discours des acteurs du tourisme et aux matérialités spatiales qui résultent de leurs actions. Les dynamiques à l'œuvre sur un territoire de pratiques récréatives sont tributaires des rapports qu'entretiennent des collectifs d'acteurs ayant des conceptions différenciées du développement. Des confrontations et des compromis entre des formes de développement touristique s'établissent dans le temps et dans l'espace [partie III]. Malgré des représentations de la nature et des justifications économiques distinctes, celles-ci peuvent s'unir face à une menace affectant leurs intérêts. C'est le cas, par exemple, lors des conflits environnementaux, autour de l'usage industriel des ressources hydriques. En revanche des politiques publiques voulant favoriser le développement économique du territoire tendent à n'appuyer qu'une forme de développement et attiser alors les affrontements idéologiques. L'analyse des projets publics et privés dans la région d'Aysén en Patagonie chilienne montre que les projets d'États favorisent de manière partiale certains acteurs du territoire. Seuls certains projets, tels que celui du tourisme scientifique, parviennent à fédérer les acteurs. Ceci est rendu possible par un processus de participation active à un projet territorialisé, culturel plus que commercial, basé sur le partage de connaissances et une spécification de la ressource touristique. L'action d'un animateur et médiateur, responsable de l'ingénierie territoriale, assure la mise en œuvre de l'initiative collective.Une lecture par les formes de développement touristique apparait comme particulièrement pertinente pour caractériser les systèmes émergents. L'étude des tensions à l'œuvre dans les confins de nature révèle des processus caractéristiques des sociétés contemporaines, le tourisme étant au cœur des contradictions de nos civilisations ancrées dans les métropoles
Territorial dynamics are the result of a games of actors within a given geographical area. Understanding them involves identifying the actors' strategies and their relationship to the territory. The gradual investment of at the frontier of civilization to the tourism economy induces significant socio-spatial changes. What are the socio-geographical logics that characterize the tourism transformation of the nature borderlands? The dynamics of tourism destinations are extensively studied but those of nature's borderlands are not. Marginal, peripheral or frontier places are strong in the traveler's imaginaries, they are exotic and constitute geographical objects of their own [part I]. In an ever more urbanized world, the lesser-known areas of nature, defined as Wilderness in the Anglo-Saxon culture, are attracting evermore tourists of all origins.The analysis of the physical particularities, statistical and cartographic data of Touristic Nature Borderland shows the spatial relevancy of the notion. A critical analysis of nature tourism actors' speeches shows their the social-cultural attributes and the imaginaries associated to them. Nature territories are social constructs, they result of a unique cultural organization. Different social representations, individual or collective, generate actor's speeches and actions. They build different Tourism Development Forms that have different logics; state, industrial, traditionalist, entrepreneurial, ecological, alternative or recreational [Part II].The appearance of a form depends on historical and cultural conditions of a territory. It is possible to identify them on a nature area by analyzing tourism actor's speeches and the spatial materiality which result from their actions. The dynamics at work in a recreational area are the result of the existing relationships between group of actors with different conceptions of development. Confrontations and agreements between Tourism Development Forms arise in time and space [part III]. Despite distinct representations of nature and economical justifications, they can unite against a threat to their interests. This is the case, for example, during environmental conflicts, around the industrial use of water resources. On the other hand, public policies wanting to promote the economic development of the territory tend to support only one form of development and thus favor ideological confrontations. The analysis of public and private projects in the region of Aysén in Chilean Patagonia, shows that these favor in partial manner certain actors of the territory. Only some projects, such as scientific tourism, manage to unite actors. This is made possible by empowering them trough a territorial project, cultural rather than commercial, based on the sharing of knowledges and the specification of the tourism resources. The work of a facilitator and mediator, in charge of territorial engineering, insures the collective initiative.A reading through the Tourism Development Forms proves particularly relevant for emerging systems. The study of the existing conflicts in Nature based Borderlands reveals processes that are characteristic of modern societies, tourism being at the heart of the contradictions of our civilization anchored in the metropolis

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Balti, Samuel. "La territorialisation des musiques amplifiées à Toulouse : lecture renouvelée des dynamiques urbaines". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00776582.

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Ville et musiques amplifiées sont intimement liées, ainsi l'étude d'une scène artistique peut éclairer le fonctionnement d'un système métropolitain et les enjeux liés aux recompositions des territoires. Cette thèse a pour objectif de le montrer au regard de l'exemple toulousain. Toulouse représente une scène riche et diversifiée, constituée d'un fourmillement d'initiatives associatives, dont les activités révèlent des logiques multiples d'ancrage au territoire, sans cesse renouvelées. L'exploitation d'une série de plusieurs enquêtes de terrain menées auprès des acteurs de la scène locale conduit à décrypter les rouages du territoire des musiques amplifiées. Ces acteurs investissent des lieux, se structurent en réseaux, impulsent des dynamiques territoriales spécifiques... Ils offrent une entrée originale pour aider à comprendre les mutations socio-spatiales et engager une réflexion sur l'implication citoyenne dans la vie de la cité.

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46

Zongo, Tongnoma. "Orpaillage et dynamiques territoriales dans la province du Sanmatenga "le pays de l'or" au Burkina Faso". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H107.

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Les dynamiques territoriales de l’orpaillage restent un thème peu étudié par rapport aux dynamiques agricoles en Afrique. Pourtant depuis les années 1970-80, l’orpaillage s’y est développé pour faire face aux différentes crises affectant le milieu rural. L’augmentation du cours de l’or, l’évolution des techniques d’extraction, les politiques agricoles inefficaces et la forte demande de ce minerai sur le plan international sont les facteurs de la ruée vers le secteur de l’orpaillage. Cette situation nouvelle n’est pas sans conséquence sur l’économie rurale des pays miniers africains. Dans le cas du Burkina Faso, on assiste depuis une dizaine d’années à des profondes mutations socio-économiques liées à la pratique intensive de l’orpaillage. Cette activité occupe une grande partie des jeunes du pays. L’État burkinabé n’a qu’un contrôle très partiel de l’exploitation minière artisanale de l’or. À partir du cas de la province du Sanmatenga, au Centre Nord du pays, cette thèse tente de montrer que l’activité d’orpaillage qui apparaît depuis quelques années comme un moyen d’adaptation à la crise en milieu rural a des répercussions profondes sur les rapports des populations aux ressources et aux territoires. En effet, cette activité s’accompagne d’une part d’effets irréversibles sur l’environnement physique et humain dans ladite province (pollution, diminution de la main-d’œuvre agricole, travail des enfants, etc.). D’autre part, les effets positifs de l’orpaillage se manifestent par l’inversion des flux migratoires, urbanisation par le bas, le développement d’activités commerciales. On assiste depuis 2015 à une tentative de réorganiser l’activité d’orpaillage par la mise en place d’une agence publique. Malgré la mise en place de cette agence dénommée « Agence nationale d’encadrement et d’exploitation minière artisanale et semi-mécanisée » (ANEEMAS) l’État semble s’être effacé de la régulation de l’orpaillage. L’asymétrie des rapports de pouvoirs entre le pouvoir traditionnel et moderne qui caractérise l’activité engendre des tensions dans sa régulation. L’analyse des mutations liées à l’orpaillage s’appuie sur les données de terrain recueillies principalement à partir d’enquêtes qualitatives et quantitatives dans la province du Sanmatenga, plus précisément dans les sites de Sahouia, Sigri et Koutoula Yarcé concernées par notre recherche. Ainsi cette thèse s’articule autour de trois parties. La première partie traite des relations entre orpaillage et territoire burkinabé, héritages aux dynamiques contemporaines. La deuxième partie aborde les effets ambivalents de l’orpaillage et la troisième partie traite de la régulation et des rapports de pouvoir qui se construisent autour de l’activité orpaillage
The territorial dynamics of gold panning remain a theme little studied in relation to agricultural dynamics in Africa. Yet since the 1970s and 80s, gold panning has developed to cope with the various crises affecting the rural environment. The rise in gold prices, the evolution of mining techniques, inefficient agricultural policies and the high international demand for this mineral are all factors in the gold rush. This new situation is not without consequence on the rural system of the African mining countries. In the case of Burkina Faso, recent years have witnessed profound socio-economic changes linked to the intensive practice of gold mining. This activity occupies a large part of the country's youth. The State of Burkina Faso has only too limited control over the artisanal mining of gold. From the case of Sanmatenga province, in the north-central part of the country, this thesis tries to show that the activity of gold panning, which appears for a few years as a means of adapting to the crisis in rural areas, has profound repercussions on the relationships of populations to resources and territories. Indeed, this activity is accompanied on the one hand by irreversible effects on the physical and human environment in the said province (pollution, reduction of the agricultural labor force, child labor, etc.). On the other hand, the positive effects of gold panning are manifested by (the inversion of migratory flows, urbanization from below, the development of commercial activities, etc.). Since 2015, there has been an attempt to reorganize the gold washing activity by setting up a public agency. Despite the establishment of this public agency called "national agency of supervision and mining artisanal and semi mechanized" (ANEEMAS) for the regulation of gold panning, the State seems to have erased. The asymmetry of power relations that characterizes the activity generates tensions in its regulation. The analysis of changes related to gold washing is based on field data collected mainly from qualitative and quantitative surveys in the localities involved in our research. Thus this thesis is articulated around three parts. The first part deals with gold panning and Burkinabe territory: inheritances and contemporary dynamics. The second part deals with the ambivalence effects of gold panning and the third part deals with the regulation and power relations that are built around gold washing activity

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Mesclier, Évelyne. "Dynamics of the local territories: why and how to study and compare them within a globalized world". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119664.

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Globalization is not only a transformation of the economical world, but also of geographical space in its totality. The local territories participate in this transformation. To study and compare their evolution can help us to analyze the globalisation as well as its construction, its effects and in its limits, as the existence of social and political dynamics which are not globalized. This reflexion rests on case studies in Peru, made in collaboration with other French and Peruvian researchers.
La globalización no es solo una transformación del mundo económico sino también del espacio geográfico en su conjunto. Los territorios locales participan en esta transformación. Estudiar y comparar sus evoluciones nos puede ayudar a analizar tanto la globalización, en su construcción, en sus efectos y en sus límites, como la existencia de dinámicas sociales y políticas que no son globalizadas. La reflexión se fundamenta sobre casos estudiados en el Perú, en colaboración con otros investigadores franceses y peruanos.

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Schmechel, Frances A. "Aspects of habitat selection, population dynamics, and breeding biology in the endangered Chatham Island oystercatcher (Haematopus chathamensis)". Lincoln University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1814.

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In the late 1980s the endangered Chatham Island oystercatcher (Haematopus chathamensis) (CIO) was estimated at less than 110 individuals. Endemic to the Chatham Islands, New Zealand, it was feared to be declining and, based on existing productivity estimates, in danger of extinction within 50-70 years. These declines were thought to be caused by numerous changes since the arrival of humans, including the introduction of several terrestrial predators, the establishment of marram grass (Ammophila arenaria) which changes dune profiles, and increased disturbance along the coastline. The New Zealand Department of Conservation has undertaken recovery planning and conservation management to increase CIO numbers since the late 1980s. Recovery planning raised some key research questions concerning the population dynamics, habitat selection, and breeding biology of Chatham Island oystercatcher (CIO), and the critical factors currently limiting the population. The objectives of this study were to collect and interpret data on: 1) population size, trends, and distribution across the Chathams, 2) basic breeding parameters, 3) recruitment and mortality rates, 4) habitat selection at the general, territorial and nest-site levels, 5) habitat factors that are correlated with territory quality, and 6) cues that elicit territorial behaviour in CIO.

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49

Sahi, Lamia. "L'émergence de technopôles dans les pays du Maghreb, entre stratégies des entreprises et attractivités des territoires". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30077.

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Le succès et le développement fulgurant des systèmes productifs locaux, entre autres, les technopôles et plus récemment les pôles de compétitivité et les clusters à travers le monde ont donné naissance depuis peu à l’éclosion de ces systèmes dans les pays du Maghreb, notamment en Algérie, empruntant ainsi la voie ouverte par les pays développés. Le gouvernement algérien à travers l’optique de soutenir une dynamique de croissance, de répondre aux besoins d’emplois des diplômés et au manque d’innovation et de compétitivité dans les PME algériennes, a vu en la création de ces technopôles, non seulement, une réponse possible pour faire face à ces nouveaux défis, mais aussi un moyen pour construire une stratégie de transition vers l’économie de marché. Á l’issue de cette thèse et à travers l’investigation réalisée auprès d’un certain nombre entreprises, situées dans les régions les plus dynamiques en Algérie et exerçants dans les secteurs les plus promoteurs, il ressort que la situation de ces entreprises, les contraintes rencontrées dans les différents domaines liés à leurs activités font qu’elles sont favorables à la mise en place de ces technopoles, néanmoins ces entreprises jugent que la réussite de cette dynamique entrepreneuriale dans le pays est tributaire d’une démarche participative, impliquant l’ensemble des acteurs concernés. De ce fait, des recommandations, synthétisées, entre autres, sous forme de cadre logique, ont été émises. Elles concernent les mesures à prendre, d’une part, pour créer un climat favorable au développement de la compétitivité dans ces entreprises et d’autre part, pour aider la mise en place des futurs technopôles
The success and considerable development of the local productive systems, among other things, the science parks, and more recently the clusters and poles of competitiveness worldwide, gave birth lately to the hatching of these systems in the Maghreb countries, including Algeria, thereby borrowing the path opened by the developed countries. In order to support growth dynamics, to meet the employment needs of graduate individuals and to compensate the lack of innovation and competitiveness in the Algerian SMEs, the Algerian government saw in the creation of these science parks not only a possible answer to face these new challenges, but also a way to build a strategy of transition towards the market economy.At the end of this thesis and through the investigation realized with a number of companies, located in the most dynamic regions in Algeria and exercising in the most developed sectors, it appears that the situation of these companies and the constraints met in the various fields related to their activities make them in favor of the development of these science parks. Nevertheless, these companies believe that the success of the entrepreneurial dynamics in the country depends on a participatory approach, involving all the relevant stakeholders. Therefore, recommendations were issued, synthesized notably as a logical framework. They concern the measures to be taken, on the one hand, to create a climate propitious to the development of competitiveness in these companies, and on the other hand, to help the implementation of the future science parks

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Vassas, Toral Anaïs. "Ruralité et agriculture au prisme des mobilités spatiales. L’Altiplano Sud de la Bolivie à l’heure du boom de la quinoa". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30049.

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En réponse à une nouvelle demande du marché alimentaire, l’Altiplano Sud de Bolivie est devenu la première régionexportatrice au monde de quinoa, aliment traditionnel des populations andines, désormais consommé dans de nombreuxpays du Nord. La thèse interroge les changements induits par le passage d’une agriculture d’autosubsistance à uneagriculture familiale d’exportation, avec une attention particulière portée à la mobilité spatiale des populations et à la manière dont elle s’articule aux profondes mutations que vit cette région. La reconstitution par récit de vie des biographiesde 170 individus originaires de cinq communautés rurales a permis de resituer le boom de la quinoa dans les trajectoiresrésidentielle, professionnelle et circulatoire des populations. À travers l’étude des liens qui se nouent entre mobilité,dynamique agricole et gestion des ressources, cette étude montre une grande réactivité des familles et des communautésface aux exigences des nouveaux systèmes de production, l’émergence de multiples formes d’arrangements sociaux, ainsiqu’une plasticité des territoires de vie que révèlent des pratiques plurielles de mobilité et de pluriactivité fondées sur uneorganisation socio‐spatiale réticulaire articulant ville et campagne. Mais dans cette région au milieu fragile et aux conditions climatiques extrêmes, le regain d’intérêt pour l’activité agricole, ayant induit le retour de nombreux migrants et l’émergence de multiples acteurs, s’accompagne de fortes pressions sur les ressources foncières, de tensions sociales et d’un risque de fragilisation du milieu posant la question cruciale de la gestion durable du territoire
Responding to a new food market demand, the Southern Altiplano region of Bolivia has become the world’s largest exporterof quinoa, a traditional food of Andean populations, now consumed in many countries in the North. This thesis investigatesthe changes induced by the transition from subsistence agriculture to family‐based export agriculture, with a particular focus on the spatial mobility of the populations and its relation to the profound changes experienced by this region.Reconstruction through life narratives of the biographies of 170 people originating from 5 rural communities facilitated areframing of the quinoa boom in the context of the residential, professional and circulatory histories of the populations.Through study of the links between mobility, agricultural dynamics, and local resource management, this study demonstrates i) the great reactivity of the families and communities facing the demands of new production systems, ii) theemergence of multiple forms of social agreements, iii) the plasticity of the livelihood territories revealed by various practicesof mobility and pluriactivity based on a reticular socio‐spatial organization connecting the city and the countryside.However, in this region of fragile environment and harsh climate conditions, the resurgence of interest in agriculturalactivities, precipitating the return of many migrants and the emergence of multiple actors, is accompanied by hugepressures on land resources, social tensions and a risk of environmental degradation, calling into question the crucial issue of the sustainable management of the region

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Tesis sobre el tema "Territorial dynamics"

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