Artículos de revistas: "Théâtre Théâtres Théâtre ambulant"

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Koibuchi, Noriyuki, Ying Liu, Harumi Fukuda, Akira Takeshita, Paul M. Yen y William W. Chin. "RORα Augments Thyroid Hormone Receptor-Mediated Transcriptional Activation*". Endocrinology 140, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 1999): 1356–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo.140.3.6562.

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Abstract This study is designed to clarify the role of an orphan nuclear hormone receptor, RORα, on thyroid hormone (TH) receptor (TR)-mediated transcription on a TH-response element (TRE). A transient transfection study using various TREs [i.e., F2 (chick lysozyme TRE), DR4 (direct repeat), and palindrome TRE] and TR and RORα1 was performed. When RORα1 and TR were cotransfected into CV1 cells, RORα1 enhanced the transactivation by liganded-TR on all TREs tested without an effect on basal repression by unliganded TR. By electrophoretic mobility shift assay, on the other hand, although RORα bound to all TREs tested as a monomer, no (or weak) TR and RORα1 heterodimer formation was observed on various TREs except when a putative ROR-response element was present. The transactivation by RORα1 on a ROR-response element, which does not contain a TRE, was not enhanced by TR. The effect of RORα1 on the TREs is unique, because, whereas other nuclear hormone receptors (such as vitamin D receptor) may competitively bind to TRE to exert dominant negative function, RORα1 augmented TR action. These results indicate that RORα1 may modify the effect of liganded TR on TH-responsive genes. Because TR and RORα are coexpressed in cerebellar Purkinje cells, and perinatal hypothyroid animals and RORα-disrupted animals show similar abnormalities of this cell type, cross-talk between these two receptors may play a critical role in Purkinje cell differentiation.

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Kim, S. W., I. M. Ahn y P. R. Larsen. "In vivo genomic footprinting of thyroid hormone-responsive genes in pituitary tumor cell lines." Molecular and Cellular Biology 16, n.º 8 (agosto de 1996): 4465–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.16.8.4465.

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We studied the effects of thyroid hormone (T3) on nuclear protein-DNA interactions by using dimethyl sulfate (DMS) and DNase I ligation-mediated PCR footprinting. We examined an endogenous gene the growth hormone (GH) gene, and a stably transfected plasmid containing the chicken lysozyme silencer (F2) T3 response element (TRE) gene, F2-TRE-TK-CAT, both in pituitary tumor (GC) cells. The 235-1 cell line, which expresses prolactin (PRL) and Pit-1, but not the T3 receptor (TR) or GH, was used as a control. DMS and DNase I footprinting identified protected G residues in the Pit-1, Sp1, and Zn-15 binding sites of the GH gene in GC, but not in 235-1, cells. There was no specific protection of the tripartite GH TRE at -180 bp against either DMS or DNase I in the absence or presence of T3 in either cell line. However, T3 increased protection of the Pit-1 and Sp1 binding sites against DMS in GC cells. In GC cells stably transfected with a plasmid containing F2-TRE-TK-CAT or TRalpha, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression was T3 inducible and DMS footprinting revealed both F2 TRE TR-binding half sites in a pattern suggesting the binding of TR homodimers before and during T3 exposure. We conclude that the GH gene is accessible to specific nuclear proteins in GC, but not in 235-1, cells and that T3 enhances this interaction, although there is no evidence of TR binding to the low-affinity rat GH TRE. The presence of TR binding to the high-affinity F2 TRE before and during T3 exposure suggests that reversible interaction of T3 with DNA-bound TRs, rather than transient T3-TR contact with TREs, determines the level of T3-stimulated transcriptional activation.

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Lazar, M. A., T. J. Berrodin y H. P. Harding. "Differential DNA binding by monomeric, homodimeric, and potentially heteromeric forms of the thyroid hormone receptor." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, n.º 10 (octubre de 1991): 5005–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.10.5005.

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Binding of the thyroid hormone receptor (TR) to thyroid hormone-responsive elements (TREs) is crucial for regulation of gene expression by thyroid hormone. The TR binds to each half-site of a palindromic TRE separately, as a monomer, or simultaneously, as a homodimer. In addition, the TR monomer interacts with a 42-kDa protein that may be responsible for an increase in the apparent size and stability of the TR-TRE complex after incubation with liver nuclear extract. The multiple DNA-binding forms of the TR contact the TRE differently but compete for binding in a dynamic equilibrium which is highly dependent on the relative concentrations of TR and nuclear protein. Thus, protein-protein interactions are likely to determine the context in which the TR binds to target genes and regulates the transcriptional response to thyroid hormone.

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Lazar, M. A., T. J. Berrodin y H. P. Harding. "Differential DNA binding by monomeric, homodimeric, and potentially heteromeric forms of the thyroid hormone receptor". Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, n.º 10 (octubre de 1991): 5005–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.10.5005-5015.1991.

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Binding of the thyroid hormone receptor (TR) to thyroid hormone-responsive elements (TREs) is crucial for regulation of gene expression by thyroid hormone. The TR binds to each half-site of a palindromic TRE separately, as a monomer, or simultaneously, as a homodimer. In addition, the TR monomer interacts with a 42-kDa protein that may be responsible for an increase in the apparent size and stability of the TR-TRE complex after incubation with liver nuclear extract. The multiple DNA-binding forms of the TR contact the TRE differently but compete for binding in a dynamic equilibrium which is highly dependent on the relative concentrations of TR and nuclear protein. Thus, protein-protein interactions are likely to determine the context in which the TR binds to target genes and regulates the transcriptional response to thyroid hormone.

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Harvey, Clare B., J. H. Duncan Bassett, Padma Maruvada, Paul M. Yen y Graham R. Williams. "The Rat Thyroid Hormone Receptor (TR) Δβ3 Displays Cell-, TR Isoform-, and Thyroid Hormone Response Element-Specific Actions". Endocrinology 148, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2007): 1764–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2006-1248.

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The THRB gene encodes the well-described thyroid hormone (T3) receptor (TR) isoforms TRβ1 and TRβ2 and two additional variants, TRβ3 and TRΔβ3, of unknown physiological significance. TRβ1, TRβ2, and TRβ3 are bona fide T3 receptors that bind DNA and T3 and regulate expression of T3-responsive target genes. TRΔβ3 retains T3 binding activity but lacks a DNA binding domain and does not activate target gene transcription. TRΔβ3 can be translated from a specific TRΔβ3 mRNA or is coexpressed with TRβ3 from a single transcript that contains an internal TRΔβ3 translation start site. In these studies, we provide evidence that the TRβ3/Δβ3 locus is present in rat but not in other vertebrates, including humans. We compared the activity of TRβ3 with other TR isoforms and investigated mechanisms of action of TRΔβ3 at specific thyroid hormone response elements (TREs) in two cell types. TRβ3 was the most potent isoform, but TR potency was TRE dependent. TRΔβ3 acted as a cell-specific and TRE-dependent modulator of TRβ3 when coexpressed at low concentrations. At higher concentrations, TRΔβ3 was a TRE-selective and cell-specific antagonist of TRα1, -β1, and -β3. Both TRβ3 and TRΔβ3 were expressed in the nucleus in the absence and presence of hormone, and their actions were determined by cell type and TRE structure, whereas TRΔβ3 actions were also dependent on the TR isoform with which it interacted. Analysis of these complex responses implicates a range of nuclear corepressors and coactivators as cell-, TR isoform-, and TRE-specific modulators of T3 action.

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Jang, Eunice Eunhee, Susanne P. Lajoie, Maryam Wagner, Zhenhua Xu, Eric Poitras y Laura Naismith. "Person-Oriented Approaches to Profiling Learners in Technology-Rich Learning Environments for Ecological Learner Modeling". Journal of Educational Computing Research 55, n.º 4 (30 de noviembre de 2016): 552–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0735633116678995.

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Technology-rich learning environments (TREs) provide opportunities for learners to engage in complex interactions involving a multitude of cognitive, metacognitive, and affective states. Understanding learners’ distinct learning progressions in TREs demand inquiry approaches that employ well-conceived theoretical accounts of these multiple facets. The present study investigated learners’ interactions with BioWorld, a TRE developed to guide students’ clinical reasoning through diagnoses of simulated patients. We applied person-oriented analytic methods to multimodal data including verbal protocols, questionnaires, and computer logs from 78 task solutions. Latent class analysis, clustering methods, and latent profile analysis followed by logistic regression analyses revealed that students’ clinical diagnosis ability was positively correlated with advanced self-regulated learning behaviors, high confidence and cognitive strategy use, critical attention to experts’ feedback, and their positive emotional responses to feedback. The study results have the potential to contribute to a theory-guided approach to designing TREs with a data-driven assessment of multidimensional growth. Building on the study results, we introduce and discuss an ecological learner model for assessing multidimensional learner traits which can be used to design a TRE for adaptive scaffolding.

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Radenne, Anne, Murielle Akpa, Caroline Martel, Sabine Sawadogo, Daniel Mauvoisin y Catherine Mounier. "Hepatic regulation of fatty acid synthase by insulin and T3: evidence for T3 genomic and nongenomic actions". American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 295, n.º 4 (octubre de 2008): E884—E894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.90438.2008.

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Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is a key enzyme of hepatic lipogenesis responsible for the synthesis of long-chain saturated fatty acids. This enzyme is mainly regulated at the transcriptional level by nutrients and hormones. In particular, glucose, insulin, and T3 increase FAS activity, whereas glucagon and saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids decrease it. In the present study we show that, in liver, T3 and insulin were able to activate FAS enzymatic activity, mRNA expression, and gene transcription. We localized the T3 response element (TRE) that mediates the T3 genomic effect, on the FAS promoter between −741 and −696 bp that mediates the T3 genomic effect. We show that both T3 and insulin regulate FAS transcription via this sequence. The TRE binds a TR/RXR heterodimer even in the absence of hormone, and this binding is increased in response to T3 and/or insulin treatment. The use of H7, a serine/threonine kinase inhibitor, reveals that a phosphorylation mechanism is implicated in the transcriptional regulation of FAS in response to both hormones. Specifically, we show that T3 is able to modulate FAS transcription via a nongenomic action targeting the TRE through the activation of a PI 3-kinase-ERK1/2-MAPK-dependent pathway. Insulin also targets the TRE sequence, probably via the activation of two parallel pathways: Ras/ERK1/2 MAPK and PI 3-kinase/Akt. Finally, our data suggest that the nongenomic actions of T3 and insulin are probably common to several TREs, as we observed similar effects on a classical DR4 consensus sequence.

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Schiavello, Aldo. "Tre osservazioni su diez tesis acerca de la coherencia en el Derecho". Discusiones 10 (13 de marzo de 2021): 155–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.dsc.2011.2526.

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El artículo está dedicado a tres observaciones críticas sobre la concepción de la coherencia defendida por Amaya. Estas observaciones se refieren a: a) la supuesta incompatibilidad entre la coherencia y la concepción instrumental de la razón práctica; b) la aspiración a la best explanation y, finalmente, c) al vínculo entre la coherencia y la responsabilidad epistémica.

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Shamir, Reuben R., Moti Freiman, Leo Joskowicz, Sergey Spektor y Yigal Shoshan. "Surface-based facial scan registration in neuronavigation procedures: a clinical study". Journal of Neurosurgery 111, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2009): 1201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.3.jns081457.

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Object Surface-based registration (SBR) with facial surface scans has been proposed as an alternative for the commonly used fiducial-based registration in image-guided neurosurgery. Recent studies comparing the accuracy of SBR and fiducial-based registration have been based on a few targets located on the head surface rather than inside the brain and have yielded contradictory conclusions. Moreover, no visual feedback is provided with either method to inform the surgeon about the estimated target registration error (TRE) at various target locations. The goals in the present study were: 1) to quantify the SBR error in a clinical setup, 2) to estimate the targeting error for many target locations inside the brain, and 3) to create a map of the estimated TRE values superimposed on a patient's head image. Methods The authors randomly selected 12 patients (8 supine and 4 in a lateral position) who underwent neurosurgery with a commercial navigation system. Intraoperatively, scans of the patients' faces were acquired using a fast 3D surface scanner and aligned with their preoperative MR or CT head image. In the laboratory, the SBR accuracy was measured on the facial zone and estimated at various intracranial target locations. Contours related to different TREs were superimposed on the patient's head image and informed the surgeon about the expected anisotropic error distribution. Results The mean surface registration error in the face zone was 0.9 ± 0.35 mm. The mean estimated TREs for targets located 60, 105, and 150 mm from the facial surface were 2.0, 3.2, and 4.5 mm, respectively. There was no difference in the estimated TRE between the lateral and supine positions. The entire registration procedure, including positioning of the scanner, surface data acquisition, and the registration computation usually required < 5 minutes. Conclusions Surface-based registration accuracy is better in the face and frontal zones, and error increases as the target location lies further from the face. Visualization of the anisotropic TRE distribution may help the surgeon to make clinical decisions. The observed and estimated accuracies and the intraoperative registration time show that SBR using the fast surface scanner is practical and feasible in a clinical setup.

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Matsuda, Hiroki, Bindu D. Paul, Cheol Young Choi, Takashi Hasebe y Yun-Bo Shi. "Novel Functions of Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1 in Thyroid Hormone Receptor-Mediated Transcription and in the Regulation of Metamorphic Rate in Xenopus laevis". Molecular and Cellular Biology 29, n.º 3 (1 de diciembre de 2008): 745–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00827-08.

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ABSTRACT Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) acts as a transcription coactivator for nuclear receptors through histone H4 R3 methylation. The in vivo function of PRMT1 is largely unknown. Here we investigated the role of PRMT1 in thyroid hormone (T3) receptor (TR)-mediated transcription in vivo during vertebrate development. By using intestinal remodeling during T3-dependent Xenopus laevis metamorphosis for in vivo molecular analysis, we first showed that PRMT1 expression was upregulated during metamorphosis when both TR and T3 were present. We then demonstrated a role for PRMT1 in TR-mediated transcription by showing that PRMT1 enhanced transcriptional activation by liganded TR in the frog oocyte transcription system and was recruited to the T3 response element (TRE) of the target promoter in the oocyte, as well as to endogenous TREs during frog metamorphosis. Surprisingly, we found that PRMT1 was only transiently recruited to the TREs in the target during metamorphosis and observed no PRMT1 recruitment to TREs at the climax of intestinal remodeling when both PRMT1 and T3 were at peak levels. Mechanistically, we showed that overexpression of PRMT1 enhanced TR binding to TREs both in the frog oocyte model system and during metamorphosis. More importantly, transgenic overexpression of PRMT1 enhanced gene activation in vivo and accelerated both natural and T3-induced metamorphosis. These results thus indicate that PRMT1 functions transiently as a coactivator in TR-mediated transcription by enhancing TR-TRE binding and further suggest that PRMT1 has tissue-specific roles in regulating the rate of metamorphosis.

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de Groot, R., N. Foulkes, M. Mulder, W. Kruijer y P. Sassone-Corsi. "Positive regulation of jun/AP-1 by E1A." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, n.º 1 (enero de 1991): 192–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.1.192.

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Proteins encoded by the adenovirus E1A oncogene are capable of positive and negative transcriptional regulation of both viral and cellular genes. E1A regulatory function is commonly thought to involve modifications of specific cellular factors that interact with responsive promoters. In this report we present evidence that E1A induces the activity of the jun/AP-1 transcription factor in three different cell types: P19, JEG-3, and HeLa. AP-1 binds to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-responsive elements (TREs); therefore, E1A might modulate a specific signal transduction pathway normally induced by activation of the protein kinase C. Binding of jun/AP-1 to a TRE is induced in all cell types studied when E1A is expressed. We observe that the expression of endogenous c-jun and jun B genes is induced by E1A, which directly transactivates the promoters of c-fos, c-jun, and jun B. Similar inducibility is obtained by treatment with retinoic acid and differentiation of P19-embryonal carcinoma cells. The E1A 13S product transactivates TRE sequences and cooperates with c-jun in the transcriptional stimulation. The 12S E1A product does not activate a TRE sequence, but cotransfection with c-jun circumvents this lack of stimulation. Coexpression of c-fos and E1A 12S, however, blocks the transactivation by c-jun, suggesting an important role for fos in determining the dominance of the 12S or 13S protein.

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de Groot, R., N. Foulkes, M. Mulder, W. Kruijer y P. Sassone-Corsi. "Positive regulation of jun/AP-1 by E1A". Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, n.º 1 (enero de 1991): 192–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.1.192-201.1991.

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Proteins encoded by the adenovirus E1A oncogene are capable of positive and negative transcriptional regulation of both viral and cellular genes. E1A regulatory function is commonly thought to involve modifications of specific cellular factors that interact with responsive promoters. In this report we present evidence that E1A induces the activity of the jun/AP-1 transcription factor in three different cell types: P19, JEG-3, and HeLa. AP-1 binds to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-responsive elements (TREs); therefore, E1A might modulate a specific signal transduction pathway normally induced by activation of the protein kinase C. Binding of jun/AP-1 to a TRE is induced in all cell types studied when E1A is expressed. We observe that the expression of endogenous c-jun and jun B genes is induced by E1A, which directly transactivates the promoters of c-fos, c-jun, and jun B. Similar inducibility is obtained by treatment with retinoic acid and differentiation of P19-embryonal carcinoma cells. The E1A 13S product transactivates TRE sequences and cooperates with c-jun in the transcriptional stimulation. The 12S E1A product does not activate a TRE sequence, but cotransfection with c-jun circumvents this lack of stimulation. Coexpression of c-fos and E1A 12S, however, blocks the transactivation by c-jun, suggesting an important role for fos in determining the dominance of the 12S or 13S protein.

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Toyoda, N., A. M. Zavacki, A. L. Maia, J. W. Harney y P. R. Larsen. "A novel retinoid X receptor-independent thyroid hormone response element is present in the human type 1 deiodinase gene." Molecular and Cellular Biology 15, n.º 9 (septiembre de 1995): 5100–5112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.15.9.5100.

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We identified two thyroid hormone response elements (TREs) in the 2.5-kb, 5'-flanking region of the human gene encoding type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase (hdio1), an enzyme which catalyses the activation of thyroxine to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3). Both TREs contribute equally to T3 induction of the homologous promoter in transient expression assays. The proximal TRE (TRE1), which is located at bp -100, has an unusual structure, a direct repeat of the octamer YYRGGTCA hexamer that is spaced by 10 bp. The pyrimidines in the -2 position relative to the core hexamer are both essential to function. In vitro binding studies of TRE1 showed no heterodimer formation with retinoid X receptor (RXR) beta or JEG nuclear extracts (containing RXR alpha) and bacterially expressed chicken T3 receptor alpha 1 (TR alpha) can occupy both half-sites although the 3' half-site is dominant. T3 causes dissociation of TR alpha from the 5' half-site but increases binding to the 3' half-site. Binding of a second TR to TRE1 is minimally cooperative; however, no cooperativity was noted for a functional mutant in which the half-sites are separated by 15 bp, implying that TRs bind as independent monomers. Nonetheless, T3 still causes TR dissociation from the DR+15, indicating that dissociation occurs independently of TR-TR contact and that rebinding of a T3-TR complex to the 3' half-site occurs because of its slightly higher affinity. A distal TRE (TRE2) is found at bp -700 and is a direct repeat of a PuGGTCA hexamer spaced by 4 bp. It has typical TR homodimer and TR-RXR heterodimer binding properties. The TRE1 of hdio1 is the first example of a naturally occurring TRE consisting of two relatively independent octamer sequences which do not require the RXR family of proteins for function.

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Matsushita, A., H. Misawa, S. Andoh, H. Natsume, K. Nishiyama, S. Sasaki y H. Nakamura. "Very strong correlation between dominant negative activities of mutant thyroid hormone receptors and their binding avidity for corepressor SMRT". Journal of Endocrinology 167, n.º 3 (1 de diciembre de 2000): 493–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1670493.

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The syndrome of resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) is an inherited disorder involving a mutation of the thyroid hormone receptor (TR) gene. Mutant (m) TR inhibits wild-type (wt) TR functions in a dominant negative manner, and this dominant negative effect (DNE) is a crucial factor in RTH pathogenesis. The molecular mechanism of the DNE is still unclear, although several possibilities (including competition between wt- and mTRs at the T(3) response element (TRE), sequestration of TR-associated protein(s) and titration out of functional TR) have been considered. Here we report that the DNE of mTRs is strongly correlated with their binding avidity for the retinoid X receptor (RXR), and especially for corepressor SMRT (silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptor), but not for the nuclear receptor corepressor, NCoR. The DNE of six natural TRs and four artificially constructed mTRs was assayed using a TR reporter gene containing TRE-DR4 (DR=direct repeat), TRE-pal (pal=palindrome) or TRE-lap (lap=inverted palindrome) in CV1 cells treated with 10 nM T(3). Of the mTRs examined, F451X (with a carboxy-terminal 11-amino-acid truncation) identified in a patient with RTH exhibited the strongest DNE on all TREs. The binding affinities between mTRs and corepressors SMRT or NCoR were quantified using a two-hybrid interference assay system consisting of VP16-TR(LBD) (LBD=ligand binding domain) and Gal4(DBD)-SMRT (DBD=DNA binding domain), or Gal4(DBD)-NCoR respectively, together with the Gal4 reporter gene. In this assay, VP16-TR(LBD) and Gal4(DBD)-SMRT (or Gal4 (DBD)-NCoR) interact with each other and trans-activate the Gal4 reporter gene. When an equal amount of mTR is coexpressed, it reduces the transcriptional activity of the reporter gene, depending on its binding avidity for a corepressor. A very strong correlation was observed between the SMRT-binding activity and the potency of the DNE among six natural mTRs and also among all mTRs, including four artificially constructed ones. The relationship between NCoR and DNE, however, was not significant. When we assayed the binding avidity of mTRs for RXR by using a two-hybrid assay system consisting of Gal4(DBD)-RXR(LBD) and VP16-TR(LBD), a significant correlation between DNE and binding avidity for the RXR was also observed. These results suggest that a corepressor plays an important role in DNE pathogenesis.

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McBride, Kevin y Mona Nemer. "The C-Terminal Domain of c-fos Is Required for Activation of an AP-1 Site Specific forjun-fos Heterodimers". Molecular and Cellular Biology 18, n.º 9 (1 de septiembre de 1998): 5073–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.18.9.5073.

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ABSTRACT The proto-oncogenes jun and fos are members of the AP-1 family of transcription factors, which activate transcription of target genes via the tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate response element (TRE). Both jun and foscontain activation domains, but their relative contributions to transcriptional activation of different TREs remain unclear. It is not apparent whether the cellular availability of specific AP-1 members is the major determinant for regulation of TREs or whether other factors including the TRE sequence itself contribute to selectivity. We have identified in the promoter of the rat atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) a novel AP-1 site which is unresponsive to jun homodimers and is inducible only in the presence of c-fos. This activation is potentiated by mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. The jun proteins appear to be required solely to tether c-fos to the promoter, and c-fos mutants lacking putative activation domains abrogate transactivation. Unexpectedly, the oncogenic form of c-foswhich diverges most significantly in the carboxy-terminal 50 amino acids is unable to mediate transactivation at this specialized AP-1 site. Mutations within the C terminus of c-fos at serine residues that are phosphorylation targets for growth factors and MAP kinase completely abrogate transactivation and block potentiation by MAP kinase. Using GAL4 fusions, we show that the 90-amino-acid C terminus of c-fos contains autonomous activation domains and that the serine residues are essential for full activity. These results suggest that phosphorylation of the C terminus of c-fos affects its transactivation properties and provide evidence for novel regulatory mechanisms that may contribute to biologic specificities of the AP-1 transcription complex.

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Medina Badilla, María Fernanda. "Campos Salvaterra, Valeria. Violencia y fenomenología. Derrida, entre Husserl y Levinas. Santiago de Chile: Metales Pesados, 2017. 163 pp." Ideas y Valores 68 (15 de noviembre de 2019): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ideasyvalores.v68n5supl.80665.

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La fórmula violencia originaria es, en el decir de la propia autora, el tema de Violencia y fenomenología. Derrida, en-tre Husserl y Levinas. En efecto, y “según una cierta ley de herencia” (16) derridiana que vincula estrechamente a estos tres autores, Valeria Campos se centra pri-mordialmente en la filosofía de Jacques Derrida para abordar la cuestión del origen o génesis del sentido, en el pro-ceso discursivo, ligado a una violencia estructural y estructurante, esto es, una violencia que de derecho configura de esta manera la tradición fenomenológica, y que por esta misma prioridad jurí-dica se encuentra ya presente en la ley del texto fenomenológico, en la medida en que “pretende establecer un origen absoluto” (15).

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Haddad, F., P. W. Bodell, S. A. McCue y K. M. Baldwin. "Effects of diabetes on rodent cardiac thyroid hormone receptor and isomyosin expression". American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 272, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 1997): E856—E863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1997.272.5.e856.

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Previous studies show that diabetes induces marked transformations in cardiac myosin heavy chain (MHC) gene expression that are somehow linked to the cellular action of thyroid hormone 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that diabetes induces a reduced expression of thyroid hormone receptors (TRs), which are known to be important transcription factors interacting with thyroid response elements (TREs) in the promoter region of both alpha- and beta-MHC genes. Adult female rats were randomly assigned to either a normal control (NC) or diabetic (D) group. Three and/or six weeks after induction of diabetes via streptozotocin injection, the hearts of the animals were analyzed for MHC and TR mRNA isoforms expression, nuclear T3 binding, and nuclear extract interaction with a palindromic TRE. Results showed that diabetes induced significant alteration in alpha- and beta-MHC expression. Northern blot analyses indicated no diabetes-associated differences in TR isoform mRNA signals. Cardiac nuclear T3 binding studies suggested no differences in either the binding capacity or the equilibrium binding constant among the two groups, indicating no changes in either the number of nuclear TRs or their affinity for T3. Furthermore, gel mobility shift assays detected no difference between NC and D groups for cardiac nuclear extract binding to palindromic TRE. Collectively, these findings suggest that, whereas diabetes exerts a profound effect on cardiac isomyosin gene expression, the underlying mechanism, although dependent on factors linked to T3 function, does not involve alterations in TR expression.

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Desai-Yajnik, V. y H. H. Samuels. "The NF-kappa B and Sp1 motifs of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat function as novel thyroid hormone response elements." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, n.º 8 (agosto de 1993): 5057–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.8.5057.

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We report that thyroid hormone (T3) receptor (T3R) can activate the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR). Purified chick T3R-alpha 1 (cT3R-alpha 1) binds as monomers and homodimers to a region in the LTR (nucleotides -104 to -75 [-104/-75]) which contains two tandem NF-kappa B binding sites and to a region (-80/-45) which contains three Sp1 binding sites. In contrast, human retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR-alpha) and mouse retinoid X receptor beta (RXR-beta) do not bind to these elements. However, RXR-beta binds to these elements as heterodimers with cT3R-alpha 1 and to a lesser extent with RAR-alpha. Gel mobility shift assays also revealed that purified NF-kappa B p50/65 or p50/50 can bind to one but not both NF-kappa B sites simultaneously. Although the binding sites for p50/65, p50/50, and T3R, or Sp1 and T3R, overlap, their binding is mutually exclusive, and with the inclusion of RXR-beta, the major complex is the RXR-beta-cT3R-alpha 1 heterodimer. The NF-kappa B region of the LTR and the NF-kappa B elements from the kappa light chain enhancer both function as T3 response elements (TREs) when linked to a heterologous promoter. The TREs in the HIV-1 NF-kappa B sites appear to be organized as a direct repeat with an 8- or 10-bp gap between the half-sites. Mutations within the NF-kappa B motifs which eliminate binding of cT3R-alpha 1 also abolish stimulation by T3, indicating that cT3R-alpha 1 binding to the Sp1 region does not independently mediate activation by T3. The Sp1 region, however, is converted to a functionally strong TRE by the viral tat factor. These studies indicate that the HIV-1 LTR contains both tat-dependent and tat-independent TREs and reveal the potential for T3R to modulate other genes containing NF-kappa B- and Sp1-like elements. Furthermore, they indicate the importance of other transcription factors in determining whether certain T3R DNA binding sequences can function as an active TRE.

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Desai-Yajnik, V. y H. H. Samuels. "The NF-kappa B and Sp1 motifs of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat function as novel thyroid hormone response elements". Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, n.º 8 (agosto de 1993): 5057–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.8.5057-5069.1993.

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We report that thyroid hormone (T3) receptor (T3R) can activate the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR). Purified chick T3R-alpha 1 (cT3R-alpha 1) binds as monomers and homodimers to a region in the LTR (nucleotides -104 to -75 [-104/-75]) which contains two tandem NF-kappa B binding sites and to a region (-80/-45) which contains three Sp1 binding sites. In contrast, human retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR-alpha) and mouse retinoid X receptor beta (RXR-beta) do not bind to these elements. However, RXR-beta binds to these elements as heterodimers with cT3R-alpha 1 and to a lesser extent with RAR-alpha. Gel mobility shift assays also revealed that purified NF-kappa B p50/65 or p50/50 can bind to one but not both NF-kappa B sites simultaneously. Although the binding sites for p50/65, p50/50, and T3R, or Sp1 and T3R, overlap, their binding is mutually exclusive, and with the inclusion of RXR-beta, the major complex is the RXR-beta-cT3R-alpha 1 heterodimer. The NF-kappa B region of the LTR and the NF-kappa B elements from the kappa light chain enhancer both function as T3 response elements (TREs) when linked to a heterologous promoter. The TREs in the HIV-1 NF-kappa B sites appear to be organized as a direct repeat with an 8- or 10-bp gap between the half-sites. Mutations within the NF-kappa B motifs which eliminate binding of cT3R-alpha 1 also abolish stimulation by T3, indicating that cT3R-alpha 1 binding to the Sp1 region does not independently mediate activation by T3. The Sp1 region, however, is converted to a functionally strong TRE by the viral tat factor. These studies indicate that the HIV-1 LTR contains both tat-dependent and tat-independent TREs and reveal the potential for T3R to modulate other genes containing NF-kappa B- and Sp1-like elements. Furthermore, they indicate the importance of other transcription factors in determining whether certain T3R DNA binding sequences can function as an active TRE.

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20

Escobar, Johans Alexander, Viviana del Rosario Reinoso y Miguel Ángel Landinez. "Efecto del nivel de energía y proteína en la dieta sobre el desempeño productivo de alevinos de Oreochromis niloticus, variedad chitralada". Revista de Medicina Veterinaria, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 2006): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.19052/mv.2056.

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El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el desempeño productivo de alevinos de Oreochromis niloticus variedad chitralada, alimentados con diferentes niveles de energía y proteína. Se implementaron seis dietas con dos niveles de energía (3300 y 3600 kcal/kg) y tres niveles de proteína (35, 40 y 45%) generando seis diferentes relaciones energía/proteína (10,28; 9,42; 9,00; 8,25; 8,00 y 7,33 kcal ED/g: PC). Se utilizaron 192 alevinos, los cuales fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en cuatro acuarios por tratamiento a una densidad de 8 individuos por acuario. El alimento fue ofrecido a voluntad dos veces al día (8:00 y 15:00 horas). Fue registrado el peso de los alevinos al inicio del experimento y posteriormente cada 15 días, hasta el día 45, día en el cual se concluyó el ensayo. Fueron evaluados: Ganancia de Peso (GP),Tasa de Crecimiento Específico (TCE), Factor de Conversión Alimenticia (FCA), Eficiencia de Utilización de Energía y de Proteína (EUE y EUP), Tasa de Retención de Energía y de Proteína (TRE y TRP) y sobrevivencia. Para GP las relaciones energía/proteína de 8,25 y 9,42 fueron las que mejores resultados mostraron (p<0,05). En cuanto a la TCE, FCA, EUE y EUP no hubo diferencias significativas entre ninguno de los tratamientos utilizados (p>0,05); similar comportamiento se observó en la TRP, sin embargo la TRE fue significativamente superior (p<0,05) al utilizar la relación energía/proteína de 7,33 y en general fue mejor en los tratamientos con 3300 kcal/kg con respecto a los de 3600 kcal/kg. La sobrevivencia no fue afectada por los tratamientos (p>0,05).

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21

Rovira Collado, José. "De Isabel, tres carabelas y un charlatán a Johan Padan en el descubrimiento de América: representaciones en América de la versión del descubrimiento de Dario Fo". América sin nombre, n.º 9-10 (15 de diciembre de 2006): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/amesn2007.9-10.22.

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Dario Fo es posiblemente en estos momentos el autor italiano más conocido y sus obras se han representado por todo el mundo. El siguiente trabajo comienza con el análisis de dos obras que hablan del descubrimiento de América, partiendo desde la crítica Isabella, tre caravelle e un cacciaballe de 1963 hasta la fabulación juglaresca Johan Padan a la descoberta de l’America de 1992 que tuvo también una versión cinematográfica en dibujos animados en 2001. Después de analizar la visión grotesca que nos ofrecen de los personajes históricos y la evolución en el teatro de Fo, nos hemos centrado en recoger la difusión en Hispanoamérica de esas obras, haciendo un recorrido por las distintas versiones de ambas obras y prestando especial atención a las reseñas críticas de las representaciones para mostrar el importante éxito que han tenido.

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22

Dorsa, Karina Kores, Michelle Venâncio dos Santos y Magnus R. Dias da Silva. "Enhancing T3 and cAMP responsive gene participation in the thermogenic regulation of fuel oxidation pathways". Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia 54, n.º 4 (junio de 2010): 381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27302010000400007.

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OBJECTIVE: We sought to identify glycolysis, glycogenolysis, lipolysis, Krebs cycle, respiratory chain, and oxidative phosphorylation enzymes simultaneously regulated by T3 and cAMP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed in silico analysis of 56 promoters to search for cis-cAMP (CREB) and cis-thyroid (TRE) response elements, considering UCP1, SERCA2 and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase as reference. Only regulatory regions with prior in vitro validation were selected. RESULTS: 29/56 enzymes presented potential TREs in their regulatory sequence, and some scored over 0.80 (better predictive value 1): citrate synthase, phosphoglucose isomerase, succinate dehydrogenases A/C, UCP3, UCP2, UCP4, UCP5, phosphoglycerate mutase, glyceraldehyde 3-P dehydrogenase, glucokinase, malate dehydrogenase, acyl-CoA transferase (thiolase), cytochrome a3, and lactate dehydrogenase. Moreover, some enzymes have not yet been described in the literature as genomically regulated by T3. CONCLUSION: Our results point to other enzymes which may possibly be regulated by T3 and CREB, and speculate their joint roles in contributing to the optimal thermogenic acclimation.

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23

Starodubcev, Tatjana. "Predstava starozavetnog Veseleila u oltaru Ravanice". Zbornik radova Vizantoloskog instituta, n.º 39 (2001): 249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zrvi0239249s.

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(francuski) Dans l'?glise de Ravanica les faces frontales des deux pilastres flanquant l'abside centrale et marquant la limite de la proth?se, respectivement du diaconicon, accueillent deux personnages v?t?rotestamentaires, chacun s?par? de la sc?ne de la Communion des ap?tres par la figure d'un archipr?tre. Sur le pilastre nord se tient Melchis?dek, et sur celui situ? au sud, un homme aux cheveux courts et ? la barbe arrondie, v?tu d'un chiton et d'un hymation, qui tient en mains un objet de forme ronde orn? d'une repr?sentation en buste de la Vierge ? l'Enfant, et ? c?t? duquel subsistent les traces d'une inscription (fig. 1)Selon l'Ancien Testament et l'Ep?tre aux H?breux, le juste Melchis?dek ?tait le sacrificateur du Dieu Tr?s-Haut et sup?rieur aux sacrificateurs l?vitiques. C'est lui qui offre en sacrifice le pain et le vin, et plus tard le Christ lui-m?me est devenu "sacrificateur pour toujours, selon l'ordre de Melchis?dek". Sur le pilastre sud, les restes d'inscription o? l'on reconna?t le d?but d'un nom montre que le personnage ici repr?sent? pourrait ?tre le juste Betsaleel qui est mentionn? ? plusieurs reprises dans l'Exode en tant que fils d'Uri de la tribu de Juda etque Dieu a choisi en lui accordant la sagesse, l'intelligence et le savoir pour toutes sortes d'ouvrages afin qu'il p?t construire l'Arche du t?moignage.Ce personnage biblique n'est pas c?l?br? par le Calendrier de l'Eglise constan-tinopolitaine et, pour autant qu'on le sache, n'est repr?sent? que dans quatre manuscrits: la Sacra parallela (Paris gr. 923), du IX?me si?cle; le psaultier n? 61 du monast?re athonite du Pantocrator, du IX?me si?cle; l'ochtateuque de la Biblioth?que du Vatican gr. 747, du Xl?me si?cle; et l'ochtateuque d'Istanbul Seraglio cod. 8, du Xll?me si?cle, o? il appara?t figur? de diff?rentes fa?ons. Dans le manuscrit la Sacra parallela il a les traits d'un vieillard, dans le psaultier d'un homme d'?ge moyen ? la barbe arrondie et aux cheveux longs, alors que dans les ochtateuques il porte les cheveux courts, lisses et drus, avec la raie sur le c?t?. De toute ?vidence, les peintres avaient toute libert? lors de la repr?sentation de ce juste, et il importe donc, en premier lieu, de rechercher les raisons de la pr?sence ici de ce saint si rarement figur?. En tant que constructeur du Tabernacle, sa place dans le sanctuaire d'une ?glise est tout ? fait justifi?e, puisque on rencontre aussi des repr?sentations du Tabernacle dans le narthex, et plus souvent encore dans l'espace du sanctuaire. Dans ce second espace la pr?sence du Tabernacle est notamment justifi?e par les diff?rents niveaux de sa symbolique puisque les plus anciennes interpr?tations et commentaires le per?oivent comme une pr?figuration du Tabernacle c?leste, comme le sanctuaire dans lequel le Christ se sacrifie et proc?de au sacrifice, puis il est ?galement devenu le symbole de la Vierge, alors que plus tard sont apparues des interpr?tations qui l'ont rattach? au contexte liturgique. Betsaleel n'a pas fait l'objet d'une attention particuli?re de la part de la science et l'on ne peut qu'indiquer la direction dans laquelle est all?e la pens?e th?ologique ? son sujet. A en juger par une observation sommaire des textes, et nonobstant, son ?vocation par les textes philosophiques pr?coces, il n'est que tr?s rarement mentionn? (Philon d'Alexandrie, premi?re moiti? du 1er si?cle, Orig?ne, vers 185-254, Cyrille de J?rusalem, vers 315-386, Basile le Grand, vers 330-379, Th?odoret de Cyr, vers 393 vers 458, Cosmas Indicopleust?s, milieu du Vl?me si?cle). Tous ces ?crits le montrent comme un mod?le d'artisan auquel Dieu, conform?ment au texte biblique de l'Exode, a donn? la sagesse, l'intelligence, le savoir pour toutes sortes d'ouvrages et qu'il a d?sign? pour ?tre le constructeur du Tabernacle, en soulignant toujours le fait que Dieu est celui dont viennent toutes ces vertus. Dans toutes ces interpr?tations il reste dans l'ombre de Dieu en tant que Cr?ateur supr?me. De m?me, Betsaleel est rarement mentionn? dans les autres sources ?crites et, lorsque cela est le cas, il y est d'ordinaire pr?sent? comme un constructeur, comme un mod?le pour les b?tisseurs d'?glises qui sont compar?s ? lui (Eus?be de C?sar?e, vers 260-339; l'hymne syriaque "Sogitha" consacr? ? la sanctification de l'?glise Sainte-Sophie ? Edesse apr?s sa reconstruction en 553/554; la Vie de saint Sim?on le Stylite le Jeune (?592) du diacre St?phane; la pri?re prononc?e par le patriarche lors de la cons?cration de l'?glise et de la sainte table, d'apr?s le plus ancien euchologion enti?rement conserv? de l'?glise Sainte-Sophie de Constantinople, Barb. gr. 336, milieu du VHI?me si?cle; la comm?moraison de la tr?s pieuse imp?ratrice Ir?ne, femmede Jean Comn?ne (1118-1143), dans le Synaxaire de l'Eglise constantinopolitaine; l'inscription m?trique de fondation de l'?glise saint-Nicolas pr?s du village de Place dans la p?ninsule de Mani au sud du P?lopon?se, de 1337/38). A Ravanica Betsaleel ne porte pas le mod?le du tabernacle, mais un objet de forme ronde orn? d'un buste de la Vierge ? l'Enfant (semblable ? l'image de la sainte table dans le sanctuaire de la Chapelle de Mo?se au Sina?). Betsaleel ?tant lou? comme le constructeur du Tabernacle et les cantiques eccl?siastiques c?l?brant la M?re de Dieu comme ?tant elle-m?me le Tabernacle; son image, tenant le Christ dans ses bras, sur l'objet que porte Betsaleel s'en trouve tout ? fait justifi?e, comme sur de nombreuses repr?sentations de la Tente d'assignation o? elle appara?t en m?daillon sur le voile recouvrant l'autel et sur les objets pos?s sur celui-ci. On doit se demander pourquoi le choix du d?corateur s'est ici port? pr?cis?ment sur Melchis?dek et Betsaleel. Le premier, en tant que sacrificateur v?t?rotesta-mentaire sur le mod?le duquel le Christ est lui-m?me devenu sacrificateur, avait d?j? ?t? figur? dans les sanctuaires des premi?res ?glises chr?tiennes, alors que l'image de Betsaleel, pour autant que nous sachions, constitue un exemple unique. Melchis?dek se tient ? proximit? de la partie septentrionale, et c?leste, de la composition de la Communion des ap?tres, o? la communion par le pain est donn?e par un ange-pr?tre, alors que Betsaleel, au sud, c?toie la partie terrestre, montrant un pr?tre, debout dans le sanctuaire, qui tend un calice. Le constructeur du Tabernacle se trouve ainsi ? c?t? d'un l'?v?nement qui se d?roule dans l'?glise, alors que le pr?tre v?t?rotestamentaire se tient ? c?t? de l'?glise c?leste et spirituelle. L'existence d'un fort lien avec la liturgie est ?galement confirm?e par les deux ?v?ques qui se tiennent aux c?t?s de ces justes et les d?signent de la main droite (fig. 2). Leurs inscriptions ont ?t? d?truites, mais leurs tenues, diff?rentes des tenues habituelles d'?v?ques, autorisent ? reconna?tre en eux les premiers ?v?ques de J?rusalem auxquels la haute dignit? d'archi-pr?tre a ?t? transmise, d'apr?s la tradition, par le Christ en personne. En observant les donn?es provenant de la Bible, les ?crits des P?res de l'Eglise et certaines mentions relatives aux constructeurs d'?glises, il est donc possible de supposer que ce juste repr?sent? ? Ravanica est Betsaleel, le constructeur v?t?rotestamentaire du Tabernacle. L'?troit lien le rattachant ? la liturgie justifie pleinement sa pr?sence dans l'espace du sanctuaire. L'hypoth?se ici avanc?e est ?galement confirm?e par l'existence de rapports avec la figure du juste Melchis?dek et celles des premiers ?v?ques de l'Eglise de Sion, ainsi qu'avec la repr?sentation, unique par son iconographique, de la Communion dans l'abside. .

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Krim, Jessica S., Laleh E. Coté, Renée S. Schwartz, Elisa M. Stone, Jessica J. Cleeves, Kelly J. Barry, Wilella Burgess et al. "Models and Impacts of Science Research Experiences: A Review of the Literature of CUREs, UREs, and TREs". CBE—Life Sciences Education 18, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2019): ar65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.19-03-0069.

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In efforts to increase scientific literacy and enhance the preparation of learners to pursue careers in science, there are growing opportunities for students and teachers to engage in scientific research experiences, including course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs), undergraduate research experiences (UREs), and teacher research experiences (TREs). Prior literature reviews detail a variety of models, benefits, and challenges and call for the continued examination of program elements and associated impacts. This paper reports a comprehensive review of 307 papers published between 2007 and 2017 that include CURE, URE, and TRE programs, with a special focus on research experiences for K–12 teachers. A research-supported conceptual model of science research experiences was used to develop a coding scheme, including participant demographics, theoretical frameworks, methodology, and reported outcomes. We summarize recent reports on program impacts and identify gaps or misalignments between goals and measured outcomes. The field of biology was the predominant scientific disciplinary focus. Findings suggest a lack of studies explicitly targeting 1) participation and outcomes related to learners from underrepresented populations, 2) a theoretical framework that guides program design and analysis, and, for TREs, 3) methods for translation of research experiences into K–12 instructional practices, and 4) measurement of impact on K–12 instructional practices.

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25

Hämäläinen, Raija, Bram De Wever, Kari Nissinen y Sebastiano Cincinnato. "Understanding adults’ strong problem-solving skills based on PIAAC". Journal of Workplace Learning 29, n.º 7/8 (11 de septiembre de 2017): 537–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jwl-05-2016-0032.

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Purpose Research has shown that the problem-solving skills of adults with a vocational education and training (VET) background in technology-rich environments (TREs) are often inadequate. However, some adults with a VET background do have sound problem-solving skills. The present study aims to provide insight into the socio-demographic, work-related and everyday life factors that are associated with a strong problem-solving performance. Design/methodology/approach The study builds on large-scale data of the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) and gives insight into VET adults (N = 12,929) with strong problem-solving skills in 11 European countries. Findings This study introduces new knowledge with respect to the socio-demographic, work-related and everyday life background factors that contribute to successful VET adults’ problem-solving skills. The findings of the authors illustrate that a continuous process of development including non-formal and informal activity, as well as learning taking place at work, is associated with strong performance in problem-solving skills in TRE. Research limitations/implications An important implication of this study is that this paper introduces novel knowledge for VET adults’ competences and can be used to support the development of VET adults’ problem-solving skills in TREs. Originality/value The study was conducted to explore new understanding about good problem-solvers in TREs with a VET background. The originality of the study derives from its focus on good problem-solvers in TREs related to a VET background. The findings can be used to create novel ways to enhance the development of VET adults’ problem-solving skills in TREs.

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Fan, Xiaoyao, David W. Roberts, Timothy J. Schaewe, Songbai Ji, Leslie H. Holton, David A. Simon y Keith D. Paulsen. "Intraoperative image updating for brain shift following dural opening". Journal of Neurosurgery 126, n.º 6 (septiembre de 2016): 1924–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.6.jns152953.

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OBJECTIVEPreoperative magnetic resonance images (pMR) are typically coregistered to provide intraoperative navigation, the accuracy of which can be significantly compromised by brain deformation. In this study, the authors generated updated MR images (uMR) in the operating room (OR) to compensate for brain shift due to dural opening, and evaluated the accuracy and computational efficiency of the process.METHODSIn 20 open cranial neurosurgical cases, a pair of intraoperative stereovision (iSV) images was acquired after dural opening to reconstruct a 3D profile of the exposed cortical surface. The iSV surface was registered with pMR to detect cortical displacements that were assimilated by a biomechanical model to estimate whole-brain nonrigid deformation and produce uMR in the OR. The uMR views were displayed on a commercial navigation system and compared side by side with the corresponding coregistered pMR. A tracked stylus was used to acquire coordinate locations of features on the cortical surface that served as independent positions for calculating target registration errors (TREs) for the coregistered uMR and pMR image volumes.RESULTSThe uMR views were visually more accurate and well aligned with the iSV surface in terms of both geometry and texture compared with pMR where misalignment was evident. The average misfit between model estimates and measured displacements was 1.80 ± 0.35 mm, compared with the average initial misfit of 7.10 ± 2.78 mm between iSV and pMR, and the average TRE was 1.60 ± 0.43 mm across the 20 patients in the uMR image volume, compared with 7.31 ± 2.82 mm on average in the pMR cases. The iSV also proved to be accurate with an average error of 1.20 ± 0.37 mm. The overall computational time required to generate the uMR views was 7–8 minutes.CONCLUSIONSThis study compensated for brain deformation caused by intraoperative dural opening using computational model–based assimilation of iSV cortical surface displacements. The uMR proved to be more accurate in terms of model-data misfit and TRE in the 20 patient cases evaluated relative to pMR. The computational time was acceptable (7–8 minutes) and the process caused minimal interruption of surgical workflow.

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Popovic, Aleksandar y Radivoj Radic. "Pisma Dragutina Anastasijevica Karlu Krumbaheru - 1907-1909". Zbornik radova Vizantoloskog instituta, n.º 41 (2004): 485–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zrvi0441485p.

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(francuski) Pionnier de la byzantinologie serbe, Dragutin Anastasijevic (1877-1950), s'est sp?cialis? de 1902 ? 1905 aupr?s de Karl Krumbacher (1856-1909) ? Munich o? il a obtenu son doctorat en 1905. De retour en Serbie, Anastasijevic est rest? en contact avec son ma?tre, comme l'attestent cinq de ses lettres, dat?es de 1907 ? 1909, conserv?es dans le legs ?pistolaire de Krumbacher (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, M?nchen). Les photocopies de cette correspondance, r?dig?e en allemand, ont ?t? remises au recteur de Universit? de Belgrade, Marija Bogdanovic, par le prof. Peter Schreiner lors de sa promotion au rang de docteur honoris causa de l'Universit? de Belgrade, le 9 f?vrier 2004. Ce travail propose une traduction en serbe et un commentaire des lettres d'Anastasijevic. Bien qu'assez bref, leur contenu nous r?v?le le champ d'int?r?t tr?s diversifi? qui retenait alors l'attention de ce byzantiniste serbe. On y retrouve avant tout le th?me de sa th?se de doctorat Die par?netischen Alphab?te in der griechischen Literatur portant sur un type de po?sie moralisante jusqu'alors quasiment inconnu se caract?risant par des vers dont les initiales reprennent l'ordre de l'alphabet grec. Outre cela, Anastasijevic s'int?ressait alors tout particuli?rement ? l'?tude des chartes athonites, ce qui l'amena ? s?journer neuf mois ? l'Athos en 1907/08. On note auusi tout l'int?r?t qu'il portait ? un bague d'or octogonale, acquise en 1908 et aujourd'hui conserv? dans la Collection des antiquit?s romaines tardives et pal?o byzantines du Mus?e national de Belgrade. Bien que donnant de nombreux d?tails sur cette parure dans une de ses lettres conserv?es, Anastasijevic, lui m?me, ne l'a jamais publi?e. Cette bague n'a finalement fait l'objet d'une premi?re publication, due au dr Ivana Popovic de l'Institut Arch?ologique de Belgrade, qu'en 2001. Les pol?miques de l'?poque agitant la science byzantine ont ?galement trouv? un ?cho dans les lettres d'Anastasijevic. Il s'agissait avant tout de certaines questions relatives ? la formation du grec moderne. De fait, la question linguistique s'?tait ?rig?e en probl?me culturel et politique en Gr?ce d?s la fin du XVIII?me si?cle, qui a perdur?, il est permis de dire, jusqu'? nos jours. Le d?bat sur la langue est devenu plus particuli?rement virulent en 1905 lors de la parution du livre de Krumbacher, To npo?Xri?a ??j? veo)T?pa? ??a<?o?e\?\? cAATjvuoj? (p. 1-300) ??? ?ndvrrioi? sic avr?v vn? ?e?a??. N. ???&?a??] (?. 301-860). Nombre d'?crivains, de savants et, plus g?n?ralement, de gens de plume, consid?raient qu'il n'?tait pas de progr?s possible de la litt?rature et de la spiritualit? grecques sans une g?n?ralisation de l'emploi du grec d?motique. Parmi eux figurait notamment Karl Krumbacher qui a alors pris part ? le lutte pour l'introduction d'une langue grecque populaire. Parmi les savants grecs cette pol?mique voyait l'engagement de Georgios Chatzidakis, qui s'opposait ? l'introduction du d?motique, et Joannis Psycharis, qui voulait mettre un terme ? l'utilisation de la katharevousa et tentait de syst?matiser le d?motique et d'en faire la seul et unique langue nationale. D. Anastasijevic, qui ?tait ?galement partisan de l'emploi du grec d?motique, note dans une de ses lettres que ?seuls Psycharis et Krumbacher sont les ap?tres de la vie et de l'avenir qui toujours doivent l'emporter sur la mort et le pass??. Les lettres d'Anastasijevic nous renseignent ?galement, de fa?on explicite, sur son abondante correspondance avec de nombreux scientifiques contemporains tels que, par exemple, P. Marc, J. Heeg, P. Maas, G. Schlumberger, J. H. Mordtman. De toute ?vidence ce jeune savant serbe s'?tait fait un grand nombre d'amis parrains ses confr?res au cours de ses ?tudes ? Munich et de ses nombreux voyages ou s?jours de travail dans les principaux centres scientifiques et les plus importantes biblioth?ques d'Europe. Finalement, mais non en dernier lieu, il ressort clairement des lettres d'Anastasijevic tout le respect et la gratitude qu'il ressentait ? l'?gard de son ma?tre, et ma?tre de nombreux autres chercheurs se penchant sur le pass? byzantin, Karl Krumbacher. Il s'adresse ? lui le plus souvent par ?tr?s cher monsieur le professeur? ou ?tr?s cher ma?tre?. Dans ce cas il est r?ellement question du nombre rapport entre un ?l?ve et son ma?tre devenu son ?p?re spirituel?. .

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Li, Qiao-Ling, Erik Jansen, Gregory A. Brent y Theodore C. Friedman. "Regulation of prohormone convertase 1 (PC1) by thyroid hormone". American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 280, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2001): E160—E170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.2001.280.1.e160.

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The prohormone convertases (PCs) PC1 and PC2 are key enzymes capable of processing a variety of prohormones to their bioactive forms. In this study, we demonstrated that 6- n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism stimulated, whereas triido-l-thyronine (T3)-induced hyperthyroidism suppressed, PC1 mRNA levels in the rat anterior pituitary. Using 5′ deletions of the human PC1 (hPC1) promoter transiently transfected into GH3 (a somatotroph cell line) cells, we found that T3negatively regulated hPC1 promoter activity and that this regulation required the region from −82 to +19 bp relative to the transcription start site. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) using purified thyroid hormone receptor-α1 (TRα1) and retinoid X receptor-β (RXRβ) proteins and GH3 nuclear extracts demonstrated that the region from −10 to +19 bp of the hPC1 promoter bound TRα1 as both a monomer and a homodimer and bound TRα1/RXRβ as a heterodimer and multimer. EMSAs with oligonucleotides containing point mutations of the putative negative thyroid response elements (TREs) exhibited diminished homodimer and loss of multimer binding. We conclude that there are multiple novel TRE-like sequences in the hPC1 promoter located from −10 to +19 bp.

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Kyono, Yasuhiro, Arasakumar Subramani, Preeti Ramadoss, Anthony N. Hollenberg, Ronald M. Bonett y Robert J. Denver. "Liganded Thyroid Hormone Receptors Transactivate the DNA Methyltransferase 3a Gene in Mouse Neuronal Cells". Endocrinology 157, n.º 9 (7 de junio de 2016): 3647–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2015-1529.

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Thyroid hormone (T3) is essential for proper neurological development. The hormone, bound to its receptors, regulates gene transcription in part by modulating posttranslational modifications of histones. Methylation of DNA, which is established by the de novo DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)3a and DNMT3b, and maintained by DNMT1 is another epigenetic modification influencing gene transcription. The expression of Dnmt3a, but not other Dnmt genes, increases in mouse brain in parallel with the postnatal rise in plasma [T3]. We found that treatment of the mouse neuroblastoma cell line Neuro2a[TRβ1] with T3 caused rapid induction of Dnmt3a mRNA, which was resistant to protein synthesis inhibition, supporting that it is a direct T3-response gene. Injection of T3 into postnatal day 6 mice increased Dnmt3a mRNA in the brain by 1 hour. Analysis of two chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing datasets, and targeted analyses using chromatin immunoprecipitation, transfection-reporter assays, and in vitro DNA binding identified 2 functional T3-response elements (TREs) at the mouse Dnmt3a locus located +30.3 and +49.3 kb from the transcription start site. Thyroid hormone receptors associated with both of these regions in mouse brain chromatin, but with only 1 (+30.3 kb) in Neuro2a[TRβ1] cells. Deletion of the +30.3-kb TRE using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing eliminated or strongly reduced the Dnmt3a mRNA response to T3. Bioinformatics analysis showed that both TREs are highly conserved among eutherian mammals. Thyroid regulation of Dnmt3a may be an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for modulating global changes in DNA methylation during postnatal neurological development.

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Hönes, G. Sebastian, Helena Rakov, John Logan, Xiao-Hui Liao, Eugenie Werbenko, Andrea S. Pollard, Stine M. Præstholm et al. "Noncanonical thyroid hormone signaling mediates cardiometabolic effects in vivo". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, n.º 52 (11 de diciembre de 2017): E11323—E11332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1706801115.

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Thyroid hormone (TH) and TH receptors (TRs) α and β act by binding to TH response elements (TREs) in regulatory regions of target genes. This nuclear signaling is established as the canonical or type 1 pathway for TH action. Nevertheless, TRs also rapidly activate intracellular second-messenger signaling pathways independently of gene expression (noncanonical or type 3 TR signaling). To test the physiological relevance of noncanonical TR signaling, we generated knockin mice with a mutation in the TR DNA-binding domain that abrogates binding to DNA and leads to complete loss of canonical TH action. We show that several important physiological TH effects are preserved despite the disruption of DNA binding of TRα and TRβ, most notably heart rate, body temperature, blood glucose, and triglyceride concentration, all of which were regulated by noncanonical TR signaling. Additionally, we confirm that TRE-binding–defective TRβ leads to disruption of the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis with resistance to TH, while mutation of TRα causes a severe delay in skeletal development, thus demonstrating tissue- and TR isoform-specific canonical signaling. These findings provide in vivo evidence that noncanonical TR signaling exerts physiologically important cardiometabolic effects that are distinct from canonical actions. These data challenge the current paradigm that in vivo physiological TH action is mediated exclusively via regulation of gene transcription at the nuclear level.

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Marcello, Elena Elisabetta. "From Lope to Celano: «La sofferenza coronata», an Italian adaptation of «Los tres diamantes» (and a digression on Ciro de Monarca’s «scenario» «Il cavaliere dai tre gilgi d’oro»)". Anuario Lope de Vega Texto literatura cultura 23 (26 de enero de 2017): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/anuariolopedevega.203.

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Tillib, Sergei, Svetlana Petruk, Yurii Sedkov, Alexander Kuzin, Miki Fujioka, Tadaatsu Goto y Alexander Mazo. "Trithorax- and Polycomb-Group Response Elements within an Ultrabithorax Transcription Maintenance Unit Consist of Closely Situated but Separable Sequences". Molecular and Cellular Biology 19, n.º 7 (1 de julio de 1999): 5189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.19.7.5189.

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ABSTRACT In Drosophila, two classes of genes, thetrithorax group and the Polycomb group, are required in concert to maintain gene expression by regulating chromatin structure. We have identified Trithorax protein (TRX) binding elements within the bithorax complex and have found that within thebxd/pbx regulatory region these elements are functionally relevant for normal expression patterns in embryos and confer TRX binding in vivo. TRX was localized to three closely situated sites within a 3-kb chromatin maintenance unit with a modular structure. Results of an in vivo analysis showed that these DNA fragments (each ∼400 bp) contain both TRX- and Polycomb-group response elements (TREs and PREs) and that in the context of the endogenousUltrabithorax gene, all of these elements are essential for proper maintenance of expression in embryos. Dissection of one of these maintenance modules showed that TRX- and Polycomb-group responsiveness is conferred by neighboring but separable DNA sequences, suggesting that independent protein complexes are formed at their respective response elements. Furthermore, we have found that the activity of this TRE requires a sequence (∼90 bp) which maps to within several tens of base pairs from the closest neighboring PRE and that the PRE activity in one of the elements may require a binding site for PHO, the protein product of the Polycomb-group genepleiohomeotic. Our results show that long-range maintenance of Ultrabithorax expression requires a complex element composed of cooperating modules, each capable of interacting with both positive and negative chromatin regulators.

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Silva, J. Enrique y Rogerio Rabelo. "Regulation of the uncoupling protein gene expression". European Journal of Endocrinology 136, n.º 3 (marzo de 1997): 251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1360251.

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Abstract Uncoupling protein (UCP) is essential to the thermogenic function of brown adipose tissue (BAT). The thermogenic role of this protein is due to its capacity to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation in a regulated manner. The thermogenic potential of BAT is determined by its content of UCP. The gene encoding this protein is under complex regulation. Catecholamines, via cAMP, thyroid hormone and retinoic acid, directly stimulate the gene acting upon an upstream (−2·28/−2·49 kb) enhancer sequence, but cAMP may act upon other sequences of the gene as well. CCAAT enhancer binding proteins and peroxisome proliferation activator receptor (PPAR)γ2 have also been implicated in the regulation of the gene acting on discrete sequences. While the thyroid hormone response and retinoic acid response elements (TRE and RARE) have been well defined, the cAMP response elements (CRE) remain elusive. The two TREs are 27 bp apart between −2·33 kb and −2·39 kb. The synergism between cAMP and thyroid hormone seems to reside in a 39 bp sequence downstream (−2·28/−2·32 kb). The most important CRE, the RARE, a cell-specific enhancer and a putative PPAR element are all concentrated in a 90 bp regulatory element of great complexity (−2·40/−22·49 kb). Other hormones, such as insulin and glucocorticoids, and IGF-I also modulate the expression of the gene but their effects seem to be largely indirect. Understanding the regulation of the UCP gene expression may facilitate the development of interventions in obesity and related disorders. European Journal of Endocrinology 136 251–264

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Mengeling, Brenda J., Michael L. Goodson y J. David Furlow. "RXR Ligands Modulate Thyroid Hormone Signaling Competence in Young Xenopus laevis Tadpoles". Endocrinology 159, n.º 7 (11 de mayo de 2018): 2576–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2018-00172.

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Abstract Appropriate thyroid hormone (TH) signaling through thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) is essential for vertebrate development. Amphibian metamorphosis is initiated and sustained through the action of TH on TRs, which are conserved across vertebrates. TRs heterodimerize with retinoid X receptors (RXRs) on thyroid hormone response elements (TREs) in the genome; however, in most cell line and adult animal studies, RXR ligands do not affect expression of TR target genes. We used a quantitative, precocious metamorphosis assay to interrogate the effects of the RXR agonist bexarotene (Bex) and the RXR antagonist UVI 3003 (UVI) on T3-induced resorption phenotypes in Xenopus laevis tadpoles 1 week postfertilization. Bex potentiated gill and tail resorption, and UVI abrogated T3 action. These results held in transgenic tadpoles bearing a TRE-driven luciferase reporter. Therefore, we used poly-A-primed RNA sequencing transcriptomic analysis to determine their effects on T3-induced gene expression. We also assayed the environmental pollutant tributyltin (TBT), which is an RXR agonist. We found that the proteases that carry out resorption were potentiated by Bex and TBT but were not significantly inhibited by UVI. However, several transcription factors from multiple families (sox4, fosl2, mxd1, mafb, nfib) were all inhibited by UVI and potentiated by Bex and TBT. All required T3 for induction. Time course analysis of gene expression showed that although the agonists could potentiate within 12 hours, the antagonist response lagged. These data indicate that the agonists and antagonist are not necessarily functioning through the same mechanism and suggest that RXR liganding may modulate TH competence in metamorphic signaling.

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MARTINS, Luisa Bitencourt y Daniela AUAD. "Lésbicas na academia: visibilidades relâmpago, transparente e palpável". INTERRITÓRIOS 6, n.º 10 (14 de abril de 2020): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.33052/inter.v6i10.244896.

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RESUMOCom o objetivo de compreender a presença das lésbicas na produção acadêmica, este trabalho considera o conceito de heterossexualidade compulsória e leva em conta as interseccionalidades de gênero, raça e classe. Foi feita revisão bibliográfica em anais das últimas três edições de três eventos representativos: Reunião Nacional da ANPEd, Seminário Internacional Fazendo Gênero e Seminário Internacional Desfazendo Gênero. De um corpus com 145 artigos sobre ensino superior, gênero e feminismos, agrupados em 10 categorias, selecionamos a categoria Ações na Universidade para análise neste artigo, contendo16 trabalhos. A palavra lésbica e derivadas ou sinônimas desta foram buscadas e foram encontradas em 8 trabalhos: 3 mencionam lésbicas, 4 mencionam apenas sigla da diferença entre a população LGBT e apenas 1 discorre aprofundadamente sobre ser lésbica. A partir da análise, foi possível concluir que os textos não representam lésbicas, não trazem abordagens interseccionais e dão margem para uma visão homogênea da população LGBT.Lésbicas. Ensino Superior. Feminismos. Relações de Gênero. Educação. Lesbians in academy: flashing, transparent and palpable visibilitiesABSTRACTIn order to understand the presence of lesbians in academic production, this paper considers the concept of compulsory heterosexuality and takes into account the intersectionalities of gender, race and class. Bibliographic review was made in annals of the last three editions of three representative events: ANPEd National Meeting, International Seminar Making Gender and International Seminar Undoing Gender. From a corpus with 145 articles on higher education, gender and feminisms, grouped into 10 categories, we selected the University Actions category for analysis in this article, containing 16 papers. The word lesbian and its derivatives or synonyms were searched and found in 8 papers: 3 mention lesbians, 4 mention just marking the difference between the LGBT population and only 1 discusses deeply being a lesbian. From the analysis, it was concluded that the papers do not represent lesbians, do not bring intersectional approaches, contributing for a homogeneous view of the LGBT population. Lesbian. Higher Education.Feminisms. Gender Relations. Education. Lesbianas en la universidad: visibilidades efímeras, transparentes y palpablesRESUMENPara comprender la presencia de lesbianas en la producción académica, este artículo considera el concepto de “heterosexualidad compulsoria” y tiene en cuenta la interseccionalidad de género, raza y clase. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en los anales de las últimas tres ediciones de tres eventos representativos: Reunión Nacional ANPEd, Seminario Internacional Making Gender y Seminario Internacional Undo Gender. De un corpus con 145 artículos sobre educación superior, género y feminismos, agrupados en 10 categorías, seleccionamos la categoría Acciones en la Universidad para su análisis en este artículo, que contiene 16 artículos. La palabra lesbiana y sus derivados o sinónimos se encontraron en 8 trabajos: 3 mencionan a las lesbianas, 4 mencionan solo la abreviatura de la diferencia entre la población LGBT y solo 1 discute profundamente sobre ser lesbiana. A partir del análisis, fue posible concluir que los textos no representan a las lesbianas, no brindan enfoques interseccionales y permiten una visión homogénea de la población LGBT.Lesbianas. Enseñanza superior. Feminismos. Relaciones de Género. Educación. Lesbiche all'università: visioni effimere, trasparenti e palpabili SINTESE Per comprendere la presenza di lesbiche nella produzione accademica, questo articolo prende in considerazione il concetto di "eterosessualità obbligatoria" e tiene conto dell'intersezionalità di genere, razza e classe. Una revisione bibliografica è stata effettuata negli annali delle ultime tre edizioni di tre eventi rappresentativi: ANPEd National Meeting, International Making Gender Seminar e Undo Gender International Seminar. Da un corpus con 145 articoli su istruzione superiore, genere e femminismo, raggruppati in 10 categorie, selezioniamo la categoria Azioni dell'Università per l'analisi in questo articolo, che contiene 16 articoli. La parola lesbica e i suoi derivati o sinonimi sono stati trovati in 8 articoli: 3 menzionano lesbiche, 4 menzionano solo l'abbreviazione della differenza tra la popolazione LGBT e solo 1 discute profondamente sull'essere lesbica. Dall'analisi, è stato possibile concludere che i testi non rappresentano le lesbiche, non forniscono approcci intersezionali e consentono una visione omogenea della popolazione LGBT. Lesbiche. Istruzione Superiore. Femminismi. Relazioni di genere. Istruzione.

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Woerdeman, Peter A., Peter W. A. Willems, Herke J. Noordmans, Cornelis A. F. Tulleken y Jan Willem Berkelbach van der Sprenkel. "Application accuracy in frameless image-guided neurosurgery: a comparison study of three patient-to-image registration methods". Journal of Neurosurgery 106, n.º 6 (junio de 2007): 1012–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2007.106.6.1012.

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Object The aim of this study was to compare three patient-to-image registration methods in frameless stereotaxy in terms of their application accuracy (the accuracy with which the position of a target can be determined intraoperatively). In frameless stereotaxy, imaging information is transposed to the surgical field to show the spatial position of a localizer or surgical instrument. The mathematical relationship between the image volume and the surgical working space is calculated using a rigid body transformation algorithm, based on point-pair matching or surface matching. Methods Fifty patients who were scheduled to undergo a frameless image-guided neurosurgical procedure were included in the study. Prior to surgery, the patients underwent either computerized tomography (CT) scanning or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with widely distributed adhesive fiducial markers on the scalp. An extra fiducial marker was placed on the head as a target, as near as possible to the intracranial lesion. Prior to each surgical procedure, an optical tracking system was used to perform three separate patient-to-image registration procedures, using anatomical landmarks, adhesive markers, or surface matching. Subsequent to each registration, the target registration error (TRE), defined as the Euclidean distance between the image space coordinates and world space coordinates of the target marker, was determined. Independent of target location or imaging modality, mean application accuracy (± standard deviation) was 2.49 ± 1.07 mm when using adhesive markers. Using the other two registration strategies, mean TREs were significantly larger (surface matching, 5.03 ± 2.30 mm; anatomical landmarks, 4.97 ± 2.29 mm; p < 0.001 for both). Conclusions The results of this study show that skin adhesive fiducial marker registration is the most accurate noninvasive registration method. When images from an earlier study are to be used and accuracy may be slightly compromised, anatomical landmarks and surface matching are equally accurate alternatives.

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Uzelac, Milan. "Haptika - estetika i njena krajnja mogucnost". Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, n.º 114-115 (2003): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn0315037u.

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(francuski) En s'appuyant sur des r?sultats des recherches esth?tiques dans les deux derniers si?cles, ainsi que sur l'?tat des sciences fondamentales ? la fin du XXe si?cle, l'auteur pose que toutes les tentatives actuelles de la foundation de l'esth?tique se basent sur l'exp?rience de la vue et de l'ou?e les deux fondements "sup?rieurs" de la sensation et que c'est dans la p?riode de notre temps "post-moderne" qu'appara?t de plus en plus express?ment le besoin de fonder une nouvelle science, qui tiendrait compte des couches "inf?rieures": il s'agit de la science bas?e sur le toucher. Nous nous trouvons en pr?sence de la logique du toucher. Le toucher, c'est le minimum minimorum de la prise de conscience des aptitudes et la base de la formation de la conscience. C'est au niveau du toucher qu'est form?e la premi?re exp?rience d'autrui et du monde; c'est l? qu'est form?e l'exp?rience de tout monde cr??, y compris l'art, qui est le premier au sens logique, aussi bien qu'au celui du temporel. L'homme acquiert ses premi?res exp?riences sur lui-m?me gr?ce au toucher et c'est pourquoi la science du tangible doit ?tre la science la plus authentique sur le savoir sensoriel est le premier art par lequel elle se confirme, c'est la sculpture; tout ce qu'est post?rieur ? elle - l'esth?tique et la science - d'autant plus s?r et plus exigeant - il est d'autant plus incertain. Tout cela ne sert qu'? affirmer la constatation que nous vivons dans une ?poque o? toute suffisance est insuffisante et o? toute certitude est incertaine; et que c'est en vain que nous essayons de justifier l'existence de quelques unions soutenables des ombres, tendis que des ?tres r?els vont s'?loignant, en devenant de moins en moins perceptibles.

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Zarain-Herzberg, Angel y Georgina Alvarez-Fernandez. "Sarco(endo)plasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase-2 Gene: Structure and Transcriptional Regulation of the Human Gene". Scientific World JOURNAL 2 (2002): 1469–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.228.

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The sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases (SERCAs) belong to a family of active calcium transport enzymes encoded by the SERCA1, 2, and 3 genes. In this study, we describe the complete structure of the human SERCA2 gene and its 5’ -regulatory region. The hSERCA2 gene is located in chromosome 12 position q24.1 in Contig NT_009770.8, spans 70 kb, and is organized in 21 exons intervened by 20 introns. The last two exons of the pre-mRNA produce by alternatively splicing the cardiac/slow-twitch muscle-specific SERCA2a isoform and the ubiquitous SERCA2b isoform. The sequence of the proximal 225-bp regulatory region of the SERCA2 genes is 80% G+C-rich and is conserved among human, rabbit, rat, and mouse species. It contains a TATA-like-box, an E-box/USF sequence, a CAAT-box, four Sp1 binding sites, and a thyroid hormone responsive element (TRE). There are two other conserved regulatory regions located between positions -410 to -661 bp and from -919 to -1410 bp. Among the DNA cis-elements present in these two regulatory regions there are potential binding sites for: GATA-4, -5, -6, Nkx-2.5/Csx, OTF-1, USF, MEF-2, SRF, PPAR/RXR, AP-2, and TREs. Upstream from position -1.5 kb, there is no significant homology among the SERCA2 genes cloned. In addition, the human gene has several repeated sequences mainly of the Alu and L2 type located upstream from position -1.7 kb, spanning in a continuous fashion for more than 40 kb. In this study, we report the cloning of 2.4 kb of 5’-regulatory region and demonstrate that the proximal promoter region is sufficient for expression in cardiac myocytes, and the region from -225 to -1232 bp contains regulatory DNA elements which down-regulate the expression of the SERCA2 gene in neonatal cardiomyocytes.

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Żurowski, Marian. "Autorytet i wolność w Kościele". Prawo Kanoniczne 28, n.º 1-2 (5 de junio de 1985): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/pk.1985.28.1-2.02.

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La liberté dans sa conception fondam entale eslt une autre chose queTindéterm ination. C’est la participation a existence m êm e, c’est à direa la vie comme ses enfants adoptives de Dieu.C’est avec cette prem ière liberté, qu’est lié le consentem ent personnelà ce qui est indespensable pour la participation à existence m êm e etce qui constitue en meme tem ps le droit fondam ental de l’homme”à la foi”; c’est la capacité donc de prendre la décision personnellesur l'adoption ou le reje t de cette foi. Ainsii la liberté de consciencec’est la graine, c’est la source de toutes les autres liberté de l’homme.Toutes les au tres liberté donc sont subordooes a cette liberté fondam entale.Liberté de l’homme ne peut être lim ité que par celui qui l’a donnéou bien par quelqu’un qu’il a autorisé vu un bien supérieur ou d’autrouiproportionnel.Le pouvoir au sens strict de ce term e c’est d’une p art le droit d’unsu jet raisonnable com pétent, droit qui crée l’engagem ent de subordination chez l’a u tre sujet raiisonable et libre. Le prem ier facoin de la réception du pouvoir c’est le droit naturel — p.ex. le pouvoir desparents, et d ’Etat. La deuxièm e m anière de transférer la com pétencedivine c’est la loi divin; concrètem ent par le sacram ent, la missioncanonique, et la com m union ecclesiastique.Un tel pouvoir cependant entraine la nécesisiité de respecter aussibiian les droit fondam entaux hum ain de chaque personne dans l’Eglise.U n tel droit fondam ental c’est le droit de la liberté. Cella nesignifie pas que cette liberté est illim itée. Chaque personne doit etreconscient qu’elle v it en union avec les autres et respecter les droitdes autres.

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Barthelmebs-Raguin, Hélène. "Construire l'auctorialité: les correspondances d'Alice Rivaz". Estudios Románicos 28 (19 de diciembre de 2019): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/er/373311.

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Siguiendo la pregunta planteada por Maria Hermínia Laurel en su excelente artículo titulado "Lecturas de escritores: 'cosmovisión' y referencias literarias en la correspondencia de Alice Rivaz" (2010), proponemos cuestionar las construcciones auctoriales que ocultan la obra de Alice Rivaz. conexión. Autora suiza de la lengua francesa, multiplica las construcciones de una autora, no solo en su obra literaria, que firmará con un nombre, sino también en su prolífica correspondencia con tres autores suizos contemporáneos, que proponemos estudiar aquí. . Following the question posed by Maria Hermínia Laurel in her excellent article entitled “Lectures d’écrivains: ‘vision du monde’ et référents littéraires dans la correspondance d’Alice Rivaz” (2010), we propose to question the auctorial constructions that conceal Alice Rivaz's correspondence. Swiss author of the French language, she multiplies the constructions of a self-author not only in her literary work, which she will sign with a pen name, but also in her prolific correspondence with three contemporary Swiss authors, which we propose to study here. Faisant suite au questionnement posé par Maria Hermínia Laurel dans son excellent article intitulé “Lectures d’écrivains: ‘vision du monde’ et référents littéraires dans la correspondance d’Alice Rivaz” (2010), nous nous proposons d’interroger les constructions auctoriales que recèlent les correspondances d’Alice Rivaz. Auteure suisse de la langue française, elle démultiplie les constructions d’un soi-auteure non seulement dans son œuvre littéraire, qu’elle signera d’un nom de plume, mais aussi dans sa prolifique correspondance avec trois auteurs suisses contemporains, que nous proposons d’étudier ici. Seguendo la domanda posta da Maria Hermínia Laurel nel suo eccellente articolo dal titolo "Letture di scrittori: 'visione del mondo' e riferimenti letterari nella corrispondenza di Alice Rivaz" (2010), proponiamo di mettere in discussione le costruzioni auctoriali che nascondono le Rivel di Alice Rivaz collegamento. Autrice svizzera della lingua francese, moltiplica le costruzioni di un autore di sé non solo nella sua opera letteraria, che firmerà con un nome, ma anche nella sua prolifica corrispondenza con tre autori svizzeri contemporanei, che proponiamo di studiare qui.

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41

Bigler, J., W. Hokanson y R. N. Eisenman. "Thyroid hormone receptor transcriptional activity is potentially autoregulated by truncated forms of the receptor." Molecular and Cellular Biology 12, n.º 5 (mayo de 1992): 2406–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.5.2406.

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ErbA/thyroid hormone receptor is a nuclear receptor that can affect transcription from promoters containing a thyroid hormone response element (TRE) in a thyroid hormone (T3)-dependent manner. We reported earlier that the thyroid hormone receptor is expressed in embryonic avian erythroid cells as a nested set of four proteins with a common C terminus. The full-length receptor is capable of both high-affinity binding to thyroid hormone and specific binding to DNA. We now report that the two smallest ErbA forms, which contain the hormone-binding domain but lack the N-terminal DNA-binding domain, have the same affinity for T3 as does full-length ErbA but are incapable of specific DNA binding. In transactivation assays, these N-terminally truncated proteins are able to specifically suppress both transcriptional repression and hormone-dependent transcriptional activation by the full-length ErbA. We also find that retinoic acid-dependent transactivation by retinoic acid receptors is inhibited by the truncated ErbA proteins. Furthermore, the smaller ErbA forms inhibit binding to TREs by full-length ErbA in vitro. Results from experiments involving site-specific mutagenesis of a conserved region within the hormone-binding domain of the smaller ErbA proteins indicate that the suppressive effect of the smaller receptor forms is independent of hormone binding and that this region is important in mediating protein-hormone as well as protein-protein interactions. We have also found that full-length ErbA homodimers can be detected only in the presence of a specific DNA-binding site. However, no association between full-length and the N-terminally truncated non-DNA-binding ErbA proteins could be detected, indicating that the complex either is unstable or does not form. Our results suggest that inhibition of receptor function occurs through transient formation of heterodimers which lack DNA-binding activity or by competition for factors which positively affect DNA binding by the full-length protein. This finding raises the possibility that thyroid hormone receptor transcriptional activity is autoregulated by means of alternative receptor translation products acting in a dominant negative manner.

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42

Bigler, J., W. Hokanson y R. N. Eisenman. "Thyroid hormone receptor transcriptional activity is potentially autoregulated by truncated forms of the receptor". Molecular and Cellular Biology 12, n.º 5 (mayo de 1992): 2406–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.5.2406-2417.1992.

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ErbA/thyroid hormone receptor is a nuclear receptor that can affect transcription from promoters containing a thyroid hormone response element (TRE) in a thyroid hormone (T3)-dependent manner. We reported earlier that the thyroid hormone receptor is expressed in embryonic avian erythroid cells as a nested set of four proteins with a common C terminus. The full-length receptor is capable of both high-affinity binding to thyroid hormone and specific binding to DNA. We now report that the two smallest ErbA forms, which contain the hormone-binding domain but lack the N-terminal DNA-binding domain, have the same affinity for T3 as does full-length ErbA but are incapable of specific DNA binding. In transactivation assays, these N-terminally truncated proteins are able to specifically suppress both transcriptional repression and hormone-dependent transcriptional activation by the full-length ErbA. We also find that retinoic acid-dependent transactivation by retinoic acid receptors is inhibited by the truncated ErbA proteins. Furthermore, the smaller ErbA forms inhibit binding to TREs by full-length ErbA in vitro. Results from experiments involving site-specific mutagenesis of a conserved region within the hormone-binding domain of the smaller ErbA proteins indicate that the suppressive effect of the smaller receptor forms is independent of hormone binding and that this region is important in mediating protein-hormone as well as protein-protein interactions. We have also found that full-length ErbA homodimers can be detected only in the presence of a specific DNA-binding site. However, no association between full-length and the N-terminally truncated non-DNA-binding ErbA proteins could be detected, indicating that the complex either is unstable or does not form. Our results suggest that inhibition of receptor function occurs through transient formation of heterodimers which lack DNA-binding activity or by competition for factors which positively affect DNA binding by the full-length protein. This finding raises the possibility that thyroid hormone receptor transcriptional activity is autoregulated by means of alternative receptor translation products acting in a dominant negative manner.

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43

Nishiyama, K., A. Matsushita, H. Natsume, T. Mikami, R. Genma, S. Sasaki y H. Nakamura. "Differences between the silencing-related properties of the extreme carboxyl-terminal regions of thyroid hormone receptors alpha 1 and beta 1". Journal of Endocrinology 167, n.º 2 (1 de noviembre de 2000): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1670219.

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Human thyroid hormone receptor (TR) is encoded by two distinct genes, TR alpha and TR beta. TR heterodimerizes with retinoid X receptor (RXR) and binds efficiently to the thyroid hormone (T(3)) response element (TRE) of target genes. In the absence of T(3), unliganded TR suppresses the basal promoter activity of positively regulated genes (silencing). Silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors (SMRT) and nuclear receptor co-repressor (N-CoR) interact with unliganded TR and function as corepressor proteins. Previously, we found beta F451X with carboxyl (C)-terminal 11-amino acid deletion had stronger silencing potency than wild-type TR beta 1 and beta E449X with C-terminal 13-amino acid deletion on a subset of TREs. In the present study, to assess the isoform-specific effects of the C-terminal truncations on TR silencing, we constructed two mutant TR alpha 1s (alpha F397X and alpha E395X) with the same respective C-terminal truncations as beta F451X and beta E449X and analysed their silencing activities. Unlike beta F451X and beta E449X, alpha F397X and alpha E395X showed similarly stronger silencing potency than wild-type TR alpha 1. We further studied the abilities of wild-type and the mutant TR beta 1s and alpha 1s on RXR and co-repressor binding by a two-hybrid interference assay. beta F451X had significantly stronger abilities to bind to RXR and SMRT than did wild-type TR beta 1 and beta E449X. In contrast, wild-type TR alpha 1, alpha F397X and alpha E395X showed similar abilities to bind to RXR and SMRT. beta E449X and alpha E395X, which have identical C-terminal truncation, showed less ability to bind to N-CoR than did wild-type TR beta 1 and beta F451X and wild-type TR alpha 1 and alpha F397X respectively. These results indicate that an identical C-terminal truncation gives rise to different effects on TR beta 1 and alpha1 with respect to silencing potency, RXR binding and SMRT binding. The difference in the silencing potency among wild-type TR beta 1, beta F451X and beta E449X correlated well with the difference in the ability to bind co-repressor SMRT.

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44

Subotic, Gojko. "Natpis u Molivoklisiji". Zbornik radova Vizantoloskog instituta, n.º 41 (2004): 507–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zrvi0441507s.

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(francuski) Parmi les nombreuses cellules du monast?re de Chilandar ? Kary?s et dans ses environs ? il en restait pr?s de trente au d?but du XX?me si?cle ? la cellule de la Dormition de la Vierge a conserv? la plus ancienne ?glise datant de l'?poque de la domination turque dont le toit en plomb est ? l'origine de l'appellation de cet ?tablissement. Ce petit ?difice trinconque a ?t? d?cor? de peintures murales de style cr?tois qui sont l'oeuvre de peintres appartenant au cercle du ma?tre Th?ophane. Nous sommes renseign?s sur l'?rection et la d?coration de cette ?glise par une inscription peinte appos?e au-dessus de l'entr?e sud, aujourd'hui mur?e, dont le texte, mutil? aux extr?mit?s, a ?galement perdu sa partie finale, qui comptait une, voir deux derni?res lignes. On peut n?anmoins y lire l'ann?e, 7045 (1536/7), une date, 22 octobre, et plusieurs indications chronologiques (indiction, cercle du Soleil, cercle de la Lune, epakt et autres). Ces ?l?ments chronologiques ne correspondent pas, toutefois, ? l'ann?e 7045, mais plut?t 7050. Ceci avait d?j? ?t? remarqu? par Lj. Stojanovic qui est le premier ? avoir publi? cette inscription, en proposant les deux ann?es; malgr? tout, c'est l'ann?e 1536 ou 1537 qui appara?t le plus souvent dans les textes sp?cialis?s pour la datation de l'?rection et de la d?coration de cette ?glise, et ce n'est que ces derniers temps que l'ann?e 1541 a de nouveau ?t? prise en ligne de compte. L'observation du contenu de cette inscription s'est en fait toujours limit?e ? la partie conserv?e du texte. L'incertitude concernant l'ann?e ne peut toutefois ?tre r?solue que si l'on prend ?galement en compte ses parties perdues. En ce sens, la reconstitution de l'inscription dans son int?gralit?, qui est ici propos?e sous forme de dessin, montre qu'?tait tout d'abord mentionn?e l'ann?e 7045 (1536/7), et ensuite la date de la fin des travaux de d?coration murale, le 22 octobre 1541. La partie conserv?e de l'inscription fait ?tat des deux personnages ayant veill? ? l'?rection et la d?coration de l'?glise ? le moine Makarije dont il ne subsiste du nom la?c que la premi?re lettre M..., et Dmitar Janje..., dont la fin du nom est d?truite. Dmitar, comme il appara?t, n'?tait pas un moine mais un la?c, dont Eponyme a ?t? avec raison compris comme un origo ? Janjevac. On a suppos? que Makarije pourrait ne faire qu'un avec l'imprimeur bien connu du m?me nom, qui a ?dit? sa premi?re oeuvre ? Cetinje en 1493, et a plus tard travaill? en Valachie et m?me, le suppose-t-on, ?t? dans les ann?es trente du XVI?me si?cle higoum?ne de Chilandar. L'identification de ce Makarije avec le moine du m?me nom de la Molybokkl?sia impliquerait que l'on peut suivre son activit? au cours de pr?s de six d?cennies. A rencontre de cette supposition on note toutefois l'absence dans l'inscription, comme cela ?t? l'usage, de toute mention de Makarije en tant qu'ancien higoum?ne (pro higoum?ne). D'autre part, on n'a pas relev? jusqu'? pr?sent la possibilit? de reconna?tre devant le nom de Makarije la fin du mot pisac, ce qui signifie qu'il ?tait scribe, copiste. De feit, si nous y ajoutons une note appos?e dans un livre recopi? par Dmitar Janjevac (Dmitar de Janjevo) (Giljferding n' 9) mentionnant ce dernier comme un ?bon scribe?, il est d?j? permis d'en conclure que la cellule de Molybokkl?sia dans laquelle vivaient Makarije et Dmitar ?tait un scriptorium. L'activit? de ces deux scribes ressort ?galement de l'aspect m?me de l'inscription. On y rel?ve en effet des formes pal?ographiques caract?ristiques des manuscrits ? en l'occurrence n'apparaissant pas sur les fresques et les ic?nes. De m?me, les ?l?ments chronologiques mentionn?s (cercle du Soleil, cercle de la Lune, etc.) figurent ? cette ?poque dans les inscriptions indiquant la fin d'un travail sur des manuscrits, mais non sur des fresques. Il va de soi que c'est l'un des deux kelli?tes, Makarije ou Dmitar, et peut-?tre tous les deux, qui ont r?dig? ce texte et d'autres accompagnant sur les fresques, compte tenu que celles-ci ont ?t? ex?cut?es par des ma?tres grecs, cr?tois, qui ignoraient le slave. S'agissant de Dmitar, il a acquis sa formation de scribe ? Janjevo, c?l?bre centre d'exploitation mini?re et march? o? ?tait perp?tu?e l'activit? de copiste. Les inscriptions en slave n'?taient une chose rare dans les cellules du monast?re de Chilandar sises ? Kary?s. Non loin du Pr?taton, dans la cellule Flaska sont conserv?s des restes de la peinture contenant une liste de donateurs, inscrite (cca 1526) dans une r?daction serbo-slave, o? ? c?t? des noms des moines, figurent d'autres noms, et ce non seulement d'hommes mais aussi de femmes, et ce tant monacaux que la?cs. On suppose que ces personnes, ? qui revenait le m?rite de la d?coration de l'ancien ?difice, ?taient originaires de Kratovo, alors le plus important centre d'exploitation mini?re dans les Balkans. A l'?poque o? ?tait ?rig?e et d?cor?e la Molybokkl?sia, nous savons que quelques personnages dot?s d'une remarquable ?rudition vivaient ? Kary?s. Parmi ceux-ci se distinguait tout particuli?rement l'hi?romoine Gavrilo de la cellule de Kaproul?, homme faisant montre d'un vaste champ d'int?r?t et entretenant de nombreux liens tant avec les milieux spirituels du monde orthodoxe qu'avec les cours des pays voisins. Nous sommes assez pr?cis?ment inform?s sur ses origines par une fresque ornant la chapelle de Saint-Jean le Pr?curseur am?nag?e au-dessus du narthex du Pr?taton, ? savoir la repr?sentation de quatre archev?ques li?s ? l'?glise d'Ochrid dans l'espace exigu du sanctuaire. Connu comme un excellent traducteur de textes grecs ?en lanque serbe?, Gavrilo ?tait donc assur?ment originaire du milieu slave. Parall?lement, durant quasiment toute la premi?re moiti? du XVI?me si?cle, l'administration du Pr?taton eut ?galement ? sa t?te l'hi?romoine Serafim. Lui-aussi r?sidait dans une des anciennes cellules, tou K?phou ? Kary?s, o? lui-m?me s'adonnait ? un travail d'?criture. Il a ?crit et recopi? les vies des personnalit?s de son milieu, qu'il connaissait personnellement, instaur? leur culte et fait don au Pr?taton d'ouvrages dans lesquels il a parfois appos? des notes parall?lement en grec et en slave. Quelque peu plus r?cente, la cellule des Trois-Saints, ?galement rattach?e ? Chilandar, vient confirmer l'existence d'un besoin non n?gligeable en traductions et copies r?dig?es en slave ? Kary?s. De son katastichon, conserv? dans un legs de 1575/6, nous apprenons que cet ?tablissement poss?dait quarante deux ouvrages en slave. Il va de soi qu'un r?le particulier en ce sens revenait ? l'ermitage de Saint-Sabbas o?, d?j? au XIII?me si?cle, avait ?t? r?alis?e une importante activit? d'?criture, et o? l'activit? de recopie de manuscrit se poursuivit encore par la suite durant des si?cles. Dans un tel milieu, il va de soi que la Molybokkl?sia se voyait tout naturellement conf?rer un prestige particulier en tant que scriptorium, avec le moine Makarije et Dmitar Janjevac. .

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45

Canak-Medic, Milka. "Kotorska katedrala Svetog Tripuna kao inspiracija neimara i skulptora raskih hramova". Zbornik radova Vizantoloskog instituta, n.º 44 (2007): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zrvi0744245c.

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(francuski) La premi?re grande ?glise romane ?rig?e sur le littoral adriatique oriental a ?t? l??glise Saint-Tryphon a Kotor. Cet ?difice faisait l?objet d?une grande admiration non seulement dans cette ville, mais aussi sur un bien plus vaste espace ou s?est manifeste son influence tant du point de vue spirituel qu?artistique. Son syst?me structurel avec voute d?ar?tes sur crois?e d?ogives a ainsi ?t? repris, d?j? dans les ann?es quatre-vingts du XIIe si?cle, dans la tour d?entr?e de Saint-Georges a Ras, ou une voute en cul-de-four a ?t? renforc?e d?ogives de section rectangulaire qui s??l?vent a partir de consoles en forme de prisme, tout comme celles visibles dans la cath?drale de Kotor du cote est, au-dessus du presbyterium. Quelque temps plus tard, il en a ?t? de m?me a Studenica et Zica, ou l?on a respectivement recouru aux voutes d?ar?tes sur crois?e d?ogive pour couvrir le vaste espace constitue par le narthex de Radoslav, puis, tr?s rapidement, a Zica, dans la tour de l?exonarthex. Plus nombreux encore sont les cas de formes et d?ornements repris de la d?coration sculpt?e de la cath?drale de Kotor. En l?occurrence, d?j? au cours du m?me si?cle, a ?t? ouverte dans l?abside du sanctuaire de l??glise de la Vierge a Studenica une fen?tre trilob?e de facture ext?rieure romane, ayant trouve son mod?le sur celle de Kotor. S?il a ?t? note que ces deux fen?tres trilob?es, de Kotor et Studenica, diff?rent malgr? tout dans la r?alisation m?me des ornements entrant dans la d?coration de leur cadre, la r?cente d?couverte de plusieurs fragments d?une baie g?min?e avec fronton de la cath?drale de Kotor pr?sentant une m?me finition sculpt?e et un m?me choix des motifs que certains cadres de fen?tres r?alises a Studenica, vient pleinement confirmer, si besoin ?tait, l?existence d?un lien entre les ouvertures de ces deux monuments. Et par la suite aussi, les b?tisseurs et sculpteurs de Rascie m?di?vale ont trouve leur inspiration dans les solutions appliqu?es a Kotor. A en juger par la tectonique de certains chapiteaux de l??glise du monast?re de Gradac, datant de la huiti?me d?cennie du XIIIe si?cle, et d?autres, visibles dans le catholicon, nettement post?rieur, du monast?re de Resava, ainsi qu?au vu des ornements apparaissant sur ceux-ci, leurs sculpteurs avaient connaissance de l?ornementation des chapiteaux des fen?tres trilob?es ouverte dans la galerie de la cath?drale de Kotor dont ils ont repris certains motifs. Une ?tude plus pouss?e mettrait vraisemblablement, en ?vidence de nouveaux exemples de r?alisation ayant trouve leur mod?le sur la c?l?bre cath?drale Saint-Tryphon a Kotor. D??pres les connaissances actuelles l?architecture et le syst?me structurel de ce monument ont finalement trouve leur plus fort ?cho sur l??glise de l?Ascension du Christ a Decani. Son maitre-b?tisseur, lui-m?me originaire de la ville royale de Kotor, comme il l'a fait grave sur le linteau du portail m?ridional de l'?glise de Decani, a, de toute ?vidence, fid?lement garde a l?esprit l?image de l??difice sacre le plus c?l?bre de sa ville natale.

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46

Prem, Kiesha, Max S. Y. Lau, Clarence C. Tam, Marc Z. J. Ho, Lee-Ching Ng y Alex R. Cook. "Inferring who-infected-whom-where in the 2016 Zika outbreak in Singapore—a spatio-temporal model". Journal of The Royal Society Interface 16, n.º 155 (junio de 2019): 20180604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0604.

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Singapore experienced its first known Zika outbreak in 2016. Given the lack of herd immunity, the suitability of the climate for pathogen transmission, and the year-round presence of the vector— Aedes aegypti —Zika had the potential to become endemic, like dengue. Guillain–Barré syndrome and microcephaly are severe complications associated elsewhere with Zika and the risk of these complications makes understanding its spread imperative. We investigated the spatio-temporal spread of locally transmitted Zika in Singapore and assessed the relevance of non-residential transmission of Zika virus infections, by inferring the possible infection tree (i.e. who-infected-whom-where ) and comparing inferences using geographically resolved data on cases' home, their work, or their home and work. We developed a spatio-temporal model using time of onset and both addresses of the Zika-confirmed cases between July and September 2016 to estimate the infection tree using Bayesian data augmentation. Workplaces were involved in a considerable fraction (64.2%) of infections, and homes and workplaces may be distant relative to the scale of transmission, allowing ambulant infected persons may act as the ‘vector’ infecting distant parts of the country. Contact tracing is a challenge for mosquito-borne diseases, but inferring the geographically structured transmission tree sheds light on the spatial transmission of Zika to immunologically naive regions of the country.

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47

Torresan, Paolo y Vivian Fasura. "Indagine sull’ascolto ripetuto". EuroAmerican Journal of Applied Linguistics and Languages 7, n.º 2 (30 de octubre de 2020): 70–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.21283/2376905x.12.205.

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IT Questo articolo analizza diverse attività di ascolto caratterizzate dalla ripetizione del brano audio per un numero di volte che oscilla tra le quattro e le sei. Le attività sono state somministrate in classi di studenti universitari di Lingua e letteratura italiana presso la Universidade Federal Fluminense (Niterói, Brasile). Lo studio rapporta la percentuale di comprensione, audizione dopo audizione, a tre ordini di variabili: la calibrazione del testo, la presenza di uno scambio con i compagni, il numero di volte in cui il testo viene ascoltato. Pur considerate le specificità del contesto della ricerca (in particolar modo, il fatto che le lingue coinvolte sono tipologicamente vicine: portoghese e italiano) e il numero ridotto di partecipanti, i dati che emergono offrono spunti per l’esercizio della pratica dell’ascolto ripetuto. Parole chiave: COMPRENSIONE ORALE, ASCOLTO RIPETUTO, TESTI AUTENTICI, GRADO DI DIFFICOLTÀ DI UN TESTO, INTERAZIONE EN This paper analyzes various listening activities characterized by repetition of the audio track between four and six times. The activities were implemented in classes of university students of Italian Language and literature at the Universidade Federal Fluminense (Niterói, Brazil). The study reports the comprehension percentage after successive listening attempts according to three sets of variables: text calibration, the degree of socialization post-exposure among the students, and the number of times the recording was played. Even considering the specificities of the context of the research (in particular, the typologically similar languages involved, Italian and Portuguese) and the small group of participants, the data suggest some guidelines for the use of repeated listening in the classroom. Key words: LISTENING COMPREHENSION, LISTENING REPETITION, AUTHENTIC TEXTS, TEXT DIFFICULTY, INTERACTION ES El siguiente artículo analiza varias actividades de comprensión auditiva caracterizadas por la repetición del texto oral por un número de veces que oscila entre las 4 y las 6 veces. Las actividades han sido suministradas en clases de estudiantes universitarios de Lengua e literatura italiana en la Universidade Federal Fluminense (Niterói, Brasile). El estudio presenta el porcentaje de comprensión, después de sucesivas audiciones, con tres niveles de variables: la calibración del texto, el grado de socialización de lo comprendido entre los alumnos, el número de veces que el texto es escuchado. Si bien se han considerado los aspectos específicos del contexto en el que ha sido conducida la investigación (en particular, la proximidad tipológica entre las lenguas envolvidas: italiano e portogués) y el pequeño grupo de participantes, los datos que emergen ofrecen algunos indicios para el ejercicio de la práctica de audición repetida. Palabras clave: COMPRENSIÓN ORAL, REPETICIÓN DE LA AUDICIÓN, TEXTOS AUTÉNTICOS, DIFICULTAD DEL TEXTO, INTERACCIÓN

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48

Zivojinovic, Mirjana. "Strumicki metoh Hilandara". Zbornik radova Vizantoloskog instituta, n.º 45 (2008): 205–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zrvi0845205z.

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(francuski) Chilandar a acquis ses premi?res possessions dans la r?gion de la Strumica, vraisemblablement en 1336, lorsque le chef de guerre Chrelja a fait don au monast?re de l'?glise du Saint-Archange-Michel situ?e a Stip. Les biens de cette ?glise comprenaient les villages situes sur la rivi?re Lukavica (aujourd'hui Kriva Lakavica), puis toute une r?gion limit?e au nord-est par le mont Draksan, au nord la rivi?re Petrova, au nord-ouest et a l'ouest les monts Slivnica et Ograzeden, au sud le village de Sekirnik et son territoire et, a l'est le ruisseau appel? Vasilica. Puis, l'empereur Dusan lui a rattache, peu ?pres 1348 et avant la d?livrance de son ordonnance de 1349-1353, des p?turages qui se trouvaient a une dizaine de kilom?tres au nord de l'Ograzeden et d'une ligne Draksan-Slivnica, en s'avan?ant vers les hauteurs appel?es Maleske. Toujours sous le r?gne de l'empereur Dusan Chilandar a re?u de Laskaris Koteanitza le village de Bresnica, situe sur la rive gauche de la Strumica, a une vingtaine de kilom?tres au nord-est de la ville de Strumica, mais il lui a ?t? repris vers 1364 pour ?tre remis a Saint-Panteleemon. Par la suite, Chilandar, sur une d?cision du juge g?n?ral Michel Skoulis agissant sur l'ordre du despote Ugljesa, a recouvre ce village en janvier 1371, pour le reperdre vers juin 1374, lorsque Constantin Laskaris l'a repris pour le remettre a nouveau a Saint-Panteleemon. Il semble qu'en 1375/76 la limite sud-ouest du metoque de Chilandar sur la Strumica partait du mont Draguljevo pour s'avancer, en suivant une cr?te jusqu'au ruisseau Drivos, 'puis passant' au-dessus de Packovo 'et' en suivant la route au-dessus de la source de Barovo, jusqu'a Bresnica, puis, plus au sud, la limite suivait la route partant de Sekirnik et traversant Borujevo, pour d?boucher sur la Turija, dont elle suivait le cours jusqu'au gue tou Staurou d'ou elle suivait la Strumica jusqu'au gue de Fragkopoulou et au ruisseau Vasilica. On ignore a quelle ?poque Chilandar a re?u la terre de pronoiaires grecs, sise sur la rive droite de la Strumica autour de laquelle a surgi un litige lorsque Saint-Panteleemon a re?u les villages voisins de Makrijevo et de Mokrani (1372-1375). Cette terre, reconnue comme un bien de Chilandar par un jugement des ?v?ques de Strumica et de Banje en 1375/1376, est mentionn?e d?j? l'ann?e suivante, comme une donation des fr?res Dragas, le despotes Jean et Constantin, a Saint-Panteleemon. L'observation de la cr?ation et de l'?volution du metoque de Chilandar dans la r?gion de la Strumica nous a permis d'?tablir certaines conclusions s'agissant des actes qui nous renseignent sur ce metoque. Nous consid?rons que l'acte compose (Korablev Chil. slaves, n 8) contient des donn?es fid?lement reprises de l'acte d'acquisition des biens de l'?glise du Saint-Archange-Michel a Stip et de celui de donation, en faveur de Chilandar, du roi Dusan. Les exemplaires du chrysobulle (1334, 1336) du roi Dusan portant confirmation de la donation de Chrelja a Chilandar ont ?t? modifies lors du litige autour des villages de Karbinci sur la Bregalnica et de Bresnica, sis sur la rive gauche de la Strumica, ainsi que de la terre des pronoiaires grecs.

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LIMA, Sheila Oliveira. "Escutar o leitor: leitura e subjetividade em biografias e depoimentos de escritores". INTERRITÓRIOS 5, n.º 9 (9 de diciembre de 2019): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.33052/inter.v5i9.243608.

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RESUMONos últimos anos, realizamos projetos de pesquisa e extensão com a perspectiva de melhor compreender o fenômeno da leitura e a formação de leitores promovida no ambiente escolar. Atualmente, desenvolvemos novo projeto cujo objetivo é realizar uma escuta de depoimentos de escritores sobre seus processos de formação leitora. Com isso, busca-se identificar elementos que possam compor novas formulações no âmbito das metodologias para a formação do leitor. Ao final, trazemos uma pequena amostra de escuta de três relatos autobiográficos em que comparece a relação afetiva no processo de formação leitora dos escritores Manuel Bandeira, José Saramago e Cristóvão Tezza.Leitura. Escritores. Autobiografia. Escuta.Listening to the Reader: reading and subjectivity in biographies and writer's testimoniesABSTRACTIn recent years we have carried out research and extension projects with the perspective of better understanding the phenomenon of reading and the formation of readers promoted in school environment. Currently we have developed a new project whose objective is to listen to writers' testimonies about their reading formation processes. Thus we seek to identify elements that may compose new formulations within the scope of methodologies for the reader formation. At the end, it presents a small listening sample of three autobiographical reports in comparison to the affective relationship in the process of reading formation of writers Manuel Bandeira, José Saramago and Cristóvão Tezza. Reading. Writers. Autobiography. Listening.Ascoltare il Lettore: lettura e soggettività nelle biografie e testimonianze dello scrittoreRIASSUNTO Negli ultimi anni abbiamo condotto ricerche con la prospettiva di una migliore comprensione del fenomeno della lettura e della formazione dei lettori promossi nell'ambiente scolastico. Attualmente stiamo sviluppando un nuovo progetto il cui obiettivo è ascoltare le testimonianze degli scrittori sui loro processi di educazione alla lettura. Pertanto, cerchiamo di identificare elementi che possano comporre nuove formulazioni nell'ambito delle metodologie per la formazione del lettore. Alla fine, portiamo un piccolo esempio di ascolto di tre rapporti autobiografici che mostrano la relazione affettiva nel processo di formazione della lettura degli scrittori Manuel Bandeira, José Saramago e Cristóvão Tezza. Lettura. Scrittori. Autobiografia. La escolta. Escucha al lector: lectura y subjetividad en biografías y testimonios de escritores RESUMEN En los últimos años, hemos realizado proyectos de investigación y extensión con la perspectiva de comprender mejor el fenómeno de la lectura y la formación de lectores promovidos en el entorno escolar. Actualmente estamos desarrollando un nuevo proyecto cuyo objetivo es escuchar los testimonios de los escritores sobre sus procesos de educación en lectura. Por lo tanto, buscamos identificar elementos que puedan componer nuevas formulaciones dentro del alcance de las metodologías para la formación del lector. Al final, traemos una pequeña muestra de escucha de tres informes autobiográficos que muestran la relación afectiva en el proceso de formación de lectura de los escritores Manuel Bandeira, José Saramago y Cristóvão Tezza.Lectura Escritores. Autobiografía Escucha.

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Canak-Medic, Milka. "Polychromie et représentations apotropaïques sur la façade de l'église du Saint-sauveur a Zica". Zbornik radova Vizantoloskog instituta, n.º 43 (2006): 561–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zrvi0643561c.

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(francuski) Seules les descriptions de l'aspect ext?rieur de l'?glise de l'Ascension du Christ a Decani recourent a des termes aussi ?logieux que ceux employ?s roi parler de l'?glise du Saint-Sauveur a Zica. Et, de fait, La beaut? de cette derni?re a notamment ?t? tout particuli?rement soulign?e par les anciens ?crivains, Domentijan et Teodosije. Tout le sens de leurs paroles n'a toutefois ?t? perf qu'a la suite de r?cents travaux de restauration entrepris sur l'?glise s'?tant soldes par le d?gagement de restes de couches de peinture recouvrant ses murs ext?rieurs et ayant, de ce fait, permis d'entrevoir l'aspect originel de la d?coration poly chromatique ext?rieur de l'?glise. Les premi?res connaissances concernant la d?coration des fa?ades de l'?glise de Zica remontent aux ann?es vingt du XXe si?cle. On a alors d?gage deux couches dont la plus r?cente a ?t? dat?e de la quatri?me d?cennie du XIV femme si?cle (fig. 3, 4) alors qu'a plusieurs endroits a ?t? constat?e au-dessous de celle-ci, la couche de cr?pis originelle. Celle-ci recouvrait toutes les surfaces des murs a 1'exception des corniches, des frises des arcades et, vraisemblablement, des cadres des fen?tres (fig. 5, 6). La datation exacte de cette couche inferieure de cr?pis a ?t? possible gr?ce aux r?sultats de sondages effectues a la jonction des portiques pr?c?dant les par ?glises et, respectivement, des murs sud et nord de 1'exonarthex, ?riges au plus tard en 1230. Sur la partie frontale du mur du portique pr?c?dent la par ?glise sud d?di?e au saint premier martyr Etienne subsiste les restes d'une croix ornee de pierres pr?cieuses: creux gem mata, d'une grande taille au-dessus de laquelle apparait la partie inferieure d'une figure de saint (fig. 1, 7, 8, 10) alors que sur la fa?ade du portique nord on rel?ve les traces d'une composition histori?e non identifiable (fig. 12). II est donne question d'une trouvaille ferm?e dont la datation est parfaitement limit?e et dont G ex?cution peut ?tre tr?s pr?cis?ment plac?e a l'?poque ayant pr?c?d? le grand Sabor (concile) de 1221. En ce sens, il s'agit la de la plus ancienne donn?e sur la d?coration polychromique des fa9ades des ?glises de type rascien, venant, parall?lement, t?moigner des conceptions esth?tiques de l'?poque et nous renseigner sur 1'iconographie des fa?ades des ?difices eccl?siastiques.

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