Tesis: "The european green deal"

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Lundgren, Lars. "A Competitive Environment? : Articles 101 and 102 TFEU and the European Green Deal". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444285.

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Europe is facing a climate and environmental crisis. To respond to this, the European Commission has launched several programmes, which aim to increase sustainability and environmental protection. This aim has been condensed into the policy document that is the European Green Deal. The European Green Deal sets out the aim of making the Union’s economy climate neutral, while improving environmental protection and protecting biodiversity. To this end, several different sectors of the economy need to be overhauled. In EU Law, a key policy area is to protect free competition. Article 101 TFEU sets out that agreements between undertakings which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition are prohibited. Similarly, Article 102 TFEU prohibits abuse by an undertaking of a dominant position. This thesis explores what happens when competition law thus intersects with the environmental policy of the Union. The thesis identifies two main situations of interaction. Undertakings can invoke environmental protection to justify a restriction of competition. The Union may also rely on its antitrust provisions to enforce sustainability by holding unsustainable practices as restrictive agreements or abuses of dominant behaviour, respectively, and thus prohibited by the antitrust provisions. Generally, the thesis concludes that there is not enough information on how the Commission and the CJEU will approach arguments relating to sustainability in its antitrust assessment. The Commission’s consumer welfare standard appears to limit environmental integration to points where a certain factor results affects the environment or sustainability on the one hand, and consumer welfare on the other. The lack of information, moreover, is in itself an issue as undertakings may abstain from environmental action if they believe they will come under scrutiny due to violations of the antitrust provisions. Therefore, a key conclusion in the thesis is that the Commission and the CJEU should set out clear guidelines for environmental action by undertakings, in relation to the antitrust provisions. Similarly, the Commission appears to be cautious to use antitrust as a tool against unsustainable practices. The Commission has, however, recently decided to open an investigation into agreements which limit sustainability, which shows that the picture may be changing.

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2

Batini, Claudia. "L’Emission Trading System europeo e la sua applicazione a un’azienda del settore ceramico". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.

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L’elaborato esplora l'Emission Trading System (ETS) dell'Unione Europea come principale strumento contro i cambiamenti climatici. Viene analizzato il meccanismo di funzionamento e il “ciclo di conformità” del sistema, che, attraverso monitoraggio, comunicazione e verifica, ne garantisce la credibilità e l’attuazione. L'ETS è stato contestualizzato all’interno del quadro normativo europeo ed italiano, ponendo particolare attenzione alle modifiche che verranno apportate nella quarta fase di scambio, che avrà inizio nel gennaio 2021 e terminerà nel 2030. Nell’elaborato sono stati approfonditi i processi produttivi di piastrelle in ceramica, le relative emissioni di combustione e di processo ed il meccanismo di assegnazione di quote a titolo gratuito nel settore di riferimento. Il caso oggetto di questo studio è una grande azienda ceramica italiana, di cui sono state calcolate le emissioni di combustione e di processo relativamente all’anno 2019, redigendo il Piano di Monitoraggio e la Comunicazione delle emissioni relativamente all’anno di riferimento. È stato calcolato l’impatto economico legato all’applicazione del sistema EU ETS sull’azienda ceramica del caso studio, nel periodo 2013-2020, corrispondente alla Fase III, e nel periodo 2021-2030, corrispondente alla quarta fase del periodo di scambio del sistema. Ciò è stato possibile attraverso una analisi di sensitività, che prevede tre diversi scenari di evoluzione del prezzo della CO2 nei prossimi dieci anni. Sono state inoltre delineate soluzioni alternative che l’impresa potrebbe adottare, svolgendo un ruolo proattivo nella riduzione delle proprie emissioni di CO2 e, conseguentemente, di costi legati all’applicazione dell’EU ETS. Lo scopo ultimo dell’elaborato è quello di comprendere l’efficacia del sistema di scambio ETS in relazione ai suoi obiettivi e di analizzarne criticamente le conseguenze per le aziende con particolare riferimento al settore industriale oggetto di studio.

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3

Schartman, Mary. "Building Our Collective Future: Architecture of a Green new Deal". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1583999697008043.

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4

Gaddy, MacKenzie. "The not-so-green Green New Deal: A Discourse Analysis for Sustainability in House Resolution 109". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-392952.

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House Resolution 109 mandates the duty of the United States Federal Government to the people of the United States to create a Green New Deal to combat the triple crises that people are currently facing. In order to understand this mandate and whether or not it is calling for sustainable changes, a discourse analysis was used to examine the discourse as text, interaction and context. This study seeks to fill in a gap of missing literature about House Resolution 109 due to its recent creation. The results show that while author Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez emphasizes her beliefs of democratic socialism throughout the text as well as economic-based solution, the document lacks strong sustainability and fails to address the intricacies of sustainable development.

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5

Crew, Melissa Lynn. "Towards Decolonial Climate Justice: An Analysis of Green New Deal and Indigenous Perspectives". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103879.

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The Green New Deal has gained international significance as the only prominent climate legislation in the United States. The Green New Deal has also become emblematic of a larger movement for climate justice; however, further analysis of the Green New Deal and its assumptions indicates that it falls short of enacting meaningful justice for those most effected by climate change, but least responsible for causing it. This shortcoming is due to the absence of calls to decolonize. Because of the large role U.S. militarism and imperialism play in contributing to the climate crisis, decolonization must be central to climate justice projects. Marx's concept of the metabolic rift and the phenomenon of humans' separation from nature through colonial acts of dispossession and enclosure of land plays an important role in thinking through the ways the Green New Deal recognizes this same phenomenon but fails to go deeper and recognize broader implications of the metabolic rift for continued U.S. imperialism. Additionally, the rocky legacy of the environmental justice movement raises questions as to whether working with the settler state can lead to meaningful justice. Though the Green New Deal is an operation of state recognition of the climate crisis as connected to other social inequalities, it does not overcome the settler state's reliance on racial capitalism and continued exploitation of people and the environment. A climate justice program that is in fact centered on decolonization and indigenous sovereignty is available and must be supported.
Master of Arts
The Green New Deal has gained international significance as the only prominent climate legislation in the United States. The Green New Deal has also become emblematic of a larger movement for climate justice; however, further analysis of the Green New Deal and its assumptions indicates that it falls short of enacting meaningful justice for those most effected by climate change, but least responsible for causing it. The project of the Green New Deal recognizes the phenomenon of humans' separation from nature and importantly seeks to connect environmental issues to social issues and assert environmental justice through state-led action. Because the Green New Deal fails to question the larger role of the U.S. military's involvement around the world and its pollution and wastefulness, it becomes complicit in the very forces that drive the climate crisis. A project of decolonization, which would involve ending U.S. military involvement at home and abroad and asserting indigenous nations' sovereignty, addresses many of the shortcomings of the Green New Deal.

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6

Haxha, Engjell. "Vad är Euroskepticism? : What is Euroscepticism?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-154771.

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The focus of this study was to examine what euroskepticism stands for and what it is. Euroskepticism has been a marginal phenomenon under some long time but in the later years the definition of euroskepticism has become a mainstream definition. This definition has become in a longer extent a way to describe the dissatisfaction of the EU´s problems and crisis by the citizens of the European nation’s states. The studies approach point was to understand how Brexit went down, and what were the consequences that made this referendum a vote for the discontent of the elites in Brussels by the common man in United Kingdom. And if so, were the consequences something that could apply to euroskepticism, were the incitements of eurosceptic origin. When the study cleared this chapter about the timeline of Brexit then the study aimed for the consequences Brexit could have on euroscepticism and if euroscepticism would grow because of Brexit. This could only be explained by which deal UK would get from the European union. The results of the study demonstrate that in the end Brexit and the referendum was infused by the discontent of the lower classes in the community and by a notion that expressed itself in a way that was eurosceptic. The results demonstrated moreover that the eurosceptic as a definition has been a way to show the establishment that the losers of globalisations are there and their voices are going to get heard, and the voices are getting heard now through eurosceptic incitements and euroscepticism has become a banner of the common people.

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7

Foerderer, Jens Peter. "An unclean deal : why the European Commission was right to block GE-Honeywell". Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78213.

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When the European Commission ultimately blocked the merger between American giant General Electrics and Honeywell in July 2001, this decision triggered a firestorm of criticism. Not only had the Commission just stopped a purely American transaction for the first time since the enactment of European Merger Regulation, but it also contradicted its American Counterpart, the US Department of Justice: The Americans had cleared the deal several months earlier.
In spite of constant cooperative efforts during the investigation, the two antitrust agencies could not reach a common position. When scholars and officials tried to find reasons for the divergence between the American and European decisions, they often criticized the Commission's general approach of focusing on competitors rather than on consumers. They further claimed that the Commission had used dubious economic models to block the merger.
This thesis tries to reinstate the reputation of the European Commission as a professional antitrust institution. The criticisms often left the impression that the Task Force of the Directorate-General for Competition of the European Commission constituted a politically-orientated, rather than economic and legally-orientated, organ. It will be shown that this is actually not the case.
After having analyzed the Commission's decision in detail, and revealing both the strengths and weaknesses of its findings, the thesis will demonstrate that most of the criticisms have to be rejected, and that the Commission had a legal and economic basis in blocking the GE-Honeywell merger.

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8

Gelber, Emily O. S. "Fear of Forgetting: How Societies Deal with Genocide". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/382.

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This thesis discusses how certain societies (Germany, Israel, and Argentina) that have been involved in two documented cases of genocide in the 20th Century -- one that was the source for and falls within the United Nations Treaty definition of genocide (the Holocaust), and one that does not (the Dirty War in Argentina) --have dealt with these events in their recent past. In dealing with these issues, the thesis employs the analysis of genocide developed by the Argentine scholar, Daniel Feierstein, who has proposed that all genocides progress through a series of steps that first create what he calls a "negative otherness" to the victims of the genocide, that then isolates and debilitates the victim group, and that ultimately leads, as a penultimate (not final) step, to the physical annihilation of the victims of the genocide. Feierstein's most novel and provocative contribution to the study of genocide, however, is his concept that there is an additional and final step -- which he calls the threat of “symbolic realization” -- that will actually take place in society after the killing or physical annihilation has been completed and the historical order of things has been restored. In Feierstein’s view, the purpose of genocide is to use the technologies of power of the state against the victim group in order to permanently change social relations within the state by excluding and then annihilating the victims of the genocide. For this reason, Feierstein argues that, unless the post-genocide society continues to confront the causes and reality of the genocide as a present and ongoing political and social dynamic in the society, so that the memory and cultural and social presence of the victim group is preserved in an immediate way, the genocide will be realized on a symbolic level in the sense that the change of social relations that the perpetrators of the genocide intended will in fact occur. In the analysis that follows of the issues of assigning culpability, providing reparations, and constructing memorials in post-genocide societies, the thesis argues that, whether consciously articulated or not, what drives the bitter controversy and debates over these matters in post-genocide societies is an underlying fear on the part of victims and victim groups that the significance of what they have suffered and why they have suffered will be lost and forgotten (symbolically realized, in Feierstein’s terminology) in the state's efforts at reconciliation precisely through the process of assigning guilt, awarding reparations, and constructing memorials. Going a step beyond where Feierstein leaves off, the thesis suggests, however, that this sort of symbolic realization is, in fact, an inevitable and unavoidable consequence of the process of writing the history of the genocide (or any event) and the detachment, analysis, contextualization, reductiveness, and simplification that history requires.

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9

Lönegren, Lovisa. "The European Green Capital Award - Towards a sustainable Europe?" Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23912.

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Today a grand majority (around 80%) of the European citizens live in cities or towns. Europe is more urbanised than ever. Contemporaneously, climate change and global warming is an increasing threat worldwide. In 2006, the European Commission of the European Union (EU) therefore launched the idea of implementing the yearly European Green Capital (EGC) award. The aim was (and still is) to create role models by promoting cities that constantly take strong actions for the environment and thereby inspire other cities to make green choices too. In February 2009 the first two EGC winners were announced: Stockholm (Sweden) 2010 and Hamburg (Germany) 2011. The question is whether an award of this kind is the right method for the EU to deal with environment issues. If not, the EU should invest its resources elsewhere. This thesis aims at evaluating the EGC by looking closer at Stockholm as the EGC winner of 2010 and by analysing the impacts the EGC title has on Sweden’s EU Presidency the second half of 2009. The ecological modernisation theory reconciles economic growth and environmental protection, and provides several relevant features and aspects to this thesis regarding sustainable development, voluntary approaches and environmental policy-making. By applying the theory on the EGC many things such as the underlying visions and methods of the award can be explained and analysed. The conclusion of the thesis is that the EGC in some respects is leading to a greener and more sustainable Europe or at least has the potential to do so.

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10

Bi, Si Wei. "Impact of EU green directives on China's exports". Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2555560.

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11

Söderström, Gustaf y Anton Pettersson. "What does it cost to be green? : An empirical investigation of the European green bond market". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414387.

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The green bond market offers investors the opportunity to take an explicit focus on sustainable investment projects. However, it is yet to be determined whether this novel asset class offers attractive yields compared to non-green bonds. To address this question, we study European green bonds and how they diverge from conventional bonds in terms of yields. Using a dataset of 88 matched pairs of European green bonds between 2015 and 2019, we document a significant negative green bond premium of -12 bps on average in the secondary market. The green bond premium is defined as the yield differential between a green and a conventional bond while controlling for liquidity. The results suggest that European investors accept a lower financial return in exchange for receiving non-pecuniary benefits and thus challenging the assumptions of classical asset pricing models. Furthermore, we use a matching method and two-step regression to control for liquidity and identify the determinants of the green bond premium. The results show that the negative green bond premium is less pronounced for lower-rated bonds. Moreover, we find support for variations in the green bond premium across different business sectors. Government-related green bonds experience a greater negative green bond premium than green bonds related to financials and industrial corporates.

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12

Govers, Leila y André Simons. "The factors of green consumerism and skepticism towards green advertising : What is the relation between skepticism towards green advertisement and the factors of green consumerism amongst Generation Y in Europe?" Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för kultur och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-37799.

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Purpose – This study aims to test the relationship between skepticism towards green advertisement and environmental concern, attitudes toward green products, and green purchase behaviors amongst Generation Y in Europe.Design/methodology/approach – An online survey was spread amongst people of Generation Y (defined as being born between 1980-2000) who were born or are currently living in Europe. Non-probability sampling was conducted through volunteer, snowball, and convenient sampling. A number of 431 valid responses were analyzed utilizing descriptive statistics, reliability analyses, correlation analysis, hierarchical regression analyses, and multiple linear regression analyses.Findings – Two of the three factors, namely environmental concern and green purchase behavior, are significant predictors. In contrast, attitude towards green products is no significant predictor for skepticism towards green advertisement of Generation Y in Europe. Additionally, environmental concern shows a mediation effect via attitude towards green products on skepticism towards green advertisement, yet, environmental concern is no mediator via green purchase behavior on skepticism towards green advertisement. Attitude towards green products acts as a statistically significant mediator via green purchase behavior on skepticism towards green advertisement.Practical Implications – Generation Y is an important target market. Both marketers and advertisers are recommended to evaluate their marketing strategies by considering the factors of green consumerism to decrease skepticism towards green advertising. A better understanding of environmental claims in advertising should be provided whereby consumers could identify misleading claims. Furthermore, vague and false claims should be avoided.Originality/value – This study contributes to closing the research gap by testing to which extent the three factors of green consumerism are related to skepticism towards green advertisement for Generation Y in Europe.

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13

Björklund, Jacqueline. "Reviewing the Non-Financial Reporting Directive : An analysis de lege lata and de lege ferenda concerning sustainability reporting obligations for undertakings in the EU". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-431664.

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The Non-Financial Reporting Directive (“NFRD”),[1]is an important contributor to the European Union’s (EU) goal of creating a more sustainable future for all. By requiring large public-interest entities to report non-financial information relating to sustainability matters, the NFRD increases business transparency and gives stakeholders the opportunity to make more informed investment decisions, monitor corporate activities and initiate discussions based on current practices. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the NFRD as it stands today and to analyze in what way the NFRD has the potential to improve by chiefly using the legal dogmatic method. The thesis reached its completion with an appropriate timing (January 2021) as the EU has announced its ambition to revise the NFRD by the first quarter of 2021. The conclusion drawn is that the NFRD should be revised on a series of points. Most importantly, reliability of the provided information should be secured through a stronger verification mechanism. Other areas for improvement concern the enlargement of the scope of the NFRD and the implementation of further measures securing comparable data. [1]Directive 2014/95/EU.

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14

Macdonald, Anna Maria. "Green Normative Power? Relations between New Zealand and the European Union on Environment". Thesis, University of Canterbury. National Centre for Research on Europe, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3161.

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The relationship between the European Union (EU) and New Zealand has expanded considerably since the protracted trade negotiations of the 1970s and now includes dialogue and cooperation on a range of policy issues. In recent years, environment has become an increasingly high priority matter and is increasingly referenced as playing an important part in EU-New Zealand relations. At the same time, the EU has been praised for its leadership role in climate change negotiations, and some scholars have described it as a “green” normative power with the ability to influence other actors internationally on environmental policy. Taking the EU-New Zealand relationship on environment as its case study, this thesis attempts to address a gap in the academic literature concerning relations between New Zealand and the EU on environmental issues. It compares and contrasts the concept of EU normative power with that of policy transfer, arguing that both address the spread of ideas, but finding that what might appear to be normative power and the diffusion of norms, can in fact be best explained as policy transfer and the diffusion of policy or knowledge.

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Shi, Ying y Kristine Jurevica. "The Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the European Green Bond Market". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448481.

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This thesis examined the effect of non-financial motives, namely pro-environmental or sustainability preference, in bond pricing on the European secondary market before and during the COVID-19 crisis over the period 02.01.2019-26.02.2021. To estimate the potential yield spread between green bonds and matched conventional bonds, we applied a stringent matching method and fixed-effect regression to explore the green bond premium. The result indicated a small positive premium of 0.46 bps before the COVID-19 (01.2019-02.2020) and a small negative premium of 0.2 bps during the ongoing COVID-19 crisis (03.2020-02.2021), and the premiums have significantly changed between the two study periods, implying that the COVID-19 had a significant effect on the GB premium. Thus, before the pandemic, investors demanded compensation in the form of a higher yield return on investing in green bonds; however, during the pandemic, investors are willing to accept a lower yield on the GBs in comparison to the equivalent CB to finance environmentally-friendly projects. Additionally, the paper investigated bond volatility by analyzing the standard deviation of the daily yield. Although green bonds tended to have a higher volatility, no robust conclusion could be drawn due to a lack of statistical significance.

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16

Rotkirch, Isabel y Larissa Lenk. "Green Millennials? : A Qualitative Study on the Impact of Green Marketing on European Female Millennials Purchase Behavior in the Fashion Industry". Thesis, Jönköping University, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52885.

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Background: Distinguishing from competitors nowadays turns out to be more difficult as mass communication is a topical issue. Not only, but also in the fashion industry, sustainability is an upcoming topic, especially since this industry is deemed to be the second most polluting worldwide and strives for a change in consumerism. Particularly, millennials are perceived to be the generation being most aware of sustainable alternatives and aspire to protect the environment. Green Marketing is applied to thus promote green processes, products and the like to several customer segments. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to qualitatively explore the impact of green marketing on the purchase behavior of European female millennials in the fashion industry. Method: The method chosen for this study were online focus groups with female informants from several European countries. Five online focus groups with a total of 31 informants were conducted. The qualitative study is based on an inductive and interpretivist approach. Due to the existence of known models, individual deductive elements were included for data collection. Finally, a theoretical framework was created. Conclusion: The results show that green marketing is perceived in a diversified way. Positively, green marketing is creating awareness towards considering sustainable fashion and a possible future change in the purchasing behavior. Negatively it is said, that green marketing is often associated with greenwashing and dishonest pursuits of the companies. Due to sustainability becoming more important and popular, green marketing is also related to a trend in marketing to keep up with competitors. However, green marketing in this study was found out to have no significant impact on the purchase behavior. Overall, the impact of green marketing depends strongly on the knowledge level of the informants in this study. It is noteworthy, that informants with basic knowledge are most likely to be influenced by GM

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17

Pons, Pairó Marc. "From energy saving technologies to green product innovation: evidence from the European Manufacturing Survey". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669972.

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Green manufacturers and an understanding of their differentiating characteristics and environmental and economic performance when applying green practices are at the centre of this doctoral thesis. The focus is set around this particular group of companies, firstly, in the implementation of energy- and material-saving technologies in production processes and, secondly, in the innovation of new products that have a positive impact on the environment when in use or when disposing of them. This original dual vision covers two strategic societal issues, namely environment and innovation. The aim is to provide policy makers with new knowledge to promote energy efficiency, green manufacturing and green product innovation. The evidence is based on the European Manufacturing Survey(EMS), mainly the Spanish one. To achieve the research objectives, the results are presented in the form of five studies that have been published in indexed journals or as a book chapter or presented in international conferences
Les indústries verdes constitueixen el centre d’aquesta tesi doctoral així com la comprensió de les seves característiques diferenciadores i dels seus rendiments, tant econòmics com ambientals, quan aquestes apliquen pràctiques verdes. El focus es posa al voltant d’aquest grup especial d’empreses, primerament en la implementació de tecnologies per a l’estalvi d’energia i materials en els processos de producció i, en segon lloc, en la innovació de nous productes que tenen un impacte positiu sobre el medi ambient durant el seu ús o bé a l’hora de la seva eliminació. Aquesta original doble visió abasta dues qüestions socials estratègiques, com ara són el medi ambient i la innovació. El propòsit és els de proporcionar nous coneixements als responsables polítics perquè puguin promoure l’eficiència energètica, la producció verda, o bé la innovació de nous productes verds. Les evidencies que s’exposen estan basades en la European Manifacturing Survey (EMS)

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18

Potiphar, Lee Christopher. "The impact of UK green power marketing within a liberalised European electricity supply industry". Thesis, Open University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251384.

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19

Diverde, Hannah. "The European Green Capital Award as a tool for the environmental work in Umeå". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Miljöförändring, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-131407.

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Urban areas are facing huge environmental challenges due to an increase in the population from 50% to 70% until 2050. The European Commission promotes the European Green Capital Award to give European cities motivation to facilitate a change towards urban sustainable development in medium-sized cities, where the city Umeå in north Sweden is applying for the third time. The aim of this study is to see whether the award is a useful tool for the environmental work in Umeå and if there are controversies among the stakeholders of the city. Interviews have been conducted where interviewees from several areas, both pro and against the award, have been interviewed. It is shown that the award has several impacts where most of them are beneficial for the environmental work in the city, such as structuring the environmental work. The main challenge with the award is a communication failure between the project group and other stakeholders of the city. The conclusion is that the award in itself seem to be good for the environmental work in Umeå but that the communication between the project group and the citizens needs to be improved.

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20

Frazier, Erica Lynn. "The Green New Deals of Great Britain, Ireland and Northern Ireland : A Critical Discourse Analysis". Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE1159.

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Cette thèse suit l’évolution et la transmission du concept de GND à travers le temps et l’espace via l’analyse des documents produits par les groupes GND de Grande Bretagne, d’Irlande et d’Irlande du Nord dans une perspective comparative. La thèse intègre des méthodes quantitatives et qualitatives, dont des entretiens semistructurés, l’analyse lexicométrique et une forme adaptée de l’Analyse Critique du Discours afin de répondre à la question suivante : « Comment les discours et les idéologies des 'Green New Deals' de l'Irlande, la Grande-Bretagne et l'Irlande du Nord peuvent-ils être compris en relation les uns aux autres et dans leurs contextes respectifs ? » La thèse explore l'influence des contextes et des groupes sur les discours et le contenu idéologique des textes Green New Deal, et avance l’argument que bien que les Green New Deals aient, à des degrés divers, le potentiel pour constituer la première étape d'une transition sur le long terme vers une économie politique juste et verte, ils se doivent de développer certains thèmes pour permettre à leur potentiel transformateur d’opérer, au lieu de renforcer les idéologies actuellement dominantes
This thesis follows the evolution and transmission of the Green New Deal concept through time and space by examining the British, Irish and Northern Irish Green New Deal documents from a comparative perspective. It uses quantitative and qualitative methods including Corpus Linguistics, Critical Discourse Analysis and the collection of elite oral history interviews to respond to the guiding question, “How can the discourses and embedded ideologies of the Green New Deals of the Republic of Ireland, Great Britain and Northern Ireland be understood in relation to one another and their respective contexts?”. The thesis explores the influence of contexts and groups on the discourses and ideological contents of the Green New Deal texts, ultimately finding that though the Green New Deals have the potential to act as transitional documents in a move towards a just green political economy, further work must be done to develop key themes in the texts and ensure they realise their transformative potential rather than simply reinforcing currently dominant ideologies

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21

Rentrop, Timm U. W. "Legal ways and means the european community law can provide for the promotion of green fuels". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211960.

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Cette thèse explore les possibilités en droit européen pour promouvoir les carburants et combustibles d'origine agricole et forestier. Ce sujet est d'intérêt pour l'Europe, parce qu'il peut à la fois offrir une source d'énergie plus propre (c'est une source d'énergie renouvelable pouvant réduire les émissions en gaz à effet de serre et des gaz polluants), un nouveau déboucher pour la surcapacité de l'agriculture européenne et réduire la dépendance énergétique de l'Europe et ainsi sa sécurité d'approvisionnement.

La thèse commence en présentant brièvement les différentes politiques de l'Union Européenne qui concernent les biocarburants et -combustibles et en énumérant les mesures déjà pris dans le cadre de ces politiques qui donnent du soutien à cette technologie. Ceci inclut les différentes programmes de financement de recherche ou du développement régionale, les mesures de protection de l'environnement concernés, le traitement de cette source d'énergie par les systèmes fiscales réglés au niveau européen (accises et TVA)et surtout les actions dans le cadre de la Politique Agricole Commune (PAC), avec son soutien pour les différentes secteurs agricoles qui peuvent fournir les matières premières pour ces carburants/combustibles. Ceci révèle que l'action actuelle en faveur de cette technologie n'est pas une action intégrée mais de caractère ponctuel et ancillaire. En fait avec beaucoup des mesures existantes, la promotion des biocarburants/biocombustibles n'est pas le but principal, mais un but ancillaire - comme un soutien de cette technologie peut aider à atteindre le but principal,elle est soutenue. Par exemple, dans le cadre de la PAC, le soutien aux biocarburants actuellement est du au souhait de réduire la capacité de production d'autres produits en crise.

Ma thèse par contre, propose des actions qui sont développés spécifiquement avec le but de promouvoir cette technologie, où ce résultat n'est pas le sous-produit du souhait d'atteindre un autre but. Il y a d'abord des propositions sur comment le droit européen peut agir ici sans des modifications majeures,en étendant certaines mesures existantes ou en appliquant d'autres par analogie pour inclure un soutien à cette source d'énergie.

Suit la proposition d'une action intégrée du droit communautaire pour l'intervention en faveur des biocarburants/biocombustibles moyennant un nouveau type d'organisation commune de marché:

Ceci est une application du droit tout à fait innovante dans cette domaine. Il est proposé d'organiser l'intervention moyennant des appels d'offre avant la campagne de culture. Les agriculteurs doivent alors planifier leur production en avance et essayer de trouver des débouchés pour leurs produits avant de commencer à produire.

Sur base des résultats ainsi obtenus, ils demandent du soutien pour obtenir un revenu net équitable. Cette intervention peut prendre tous les formes actuels comme l'achat, aide directe, restitutions à la production,etc.

La thèse ensuite examine la conformité de le méchanisme avec les exigences de base du droit européen,rappellant les principes fondamentaux de droit européen, comme le respect des droits de l'homme, la non-discrimination, le droit à la propriété et la proportionalité,qui doivent être respectés par toute action législative sur le niveau européen.

Puis il y a l'analyse des avantages de cette manière d'intervenir:

En obligeant les producteurs de demander du soutien avant l'ensemencement, tous les décisions sur les types de produit, prix, quantités, etc. doivent être déjà prises et, par conséquent, l'organisme d'intervention n'est pas confronté avec des faits accompli après la récolte.

Au contraire, il connaît à l'avance la production et son niveau envisagée. Ceci offre la possibilité d'éviter des problèmes: l'intervention a le moyen avec l'outil du appel d'offre et le soutien accordé par conséquence, de diriger cette production envisagée en provoquant des changements avant que la production est entamé. De cette manière on peut éviter des surproductions - en refusant des demandes de soutien au delà d'un certain seuil(obligeant les producteurs à chercher des alternatives)ou - en demandant une réduction de la productivité spécifique(exigeant une agriculture plus extensive) si on préfère du soutien spécifique (par unité produite)plus élevé pour combler l'écart entre le revenu de la production et un revenu considéré comme équitable. Cette manière d'intervenir permet aussi de cibler avec plus de précision le soutien aux producteurs qui en ont vraiment besoin en donnant de la priorité aux demandes des producteurs les plus désavantagés, p.ex. les exploitations familiales ou ceux avec une production écologique etc. Alternativement, en offrant plus de possibilités d'obtenir du soutien dans une certaine catégorie de production, ce système peut permettre de inciter d'autres à se convertir pour un type d'agriculture souhaité. Ceci peut donner une direction à l'évolution structurelle de l'agriculture. Actuellement ce souhait de diriger le type d'exploitation se fait par un soutien plus élevé, avec du gaspillage de ressources budgétaires. Le système des appels d'offre (de demandes de soutien)proposé individualise l'intervention pour mieux cibler le soutien à ceux qui en ont besoin sans la rigidité de quotas.

En plus, comme la décision sur le soutien est seulement prise après la formation de contrats de vente des produits (et par conséquence après fixation de leurs prix effectifs), ce système d'intervention en fait laisse plus de liberté au marché que les systèmes actuels, à l'exception des situations où l'évolution de la production (envisagée)risque de provoquer des problèmes et l'intervention par conséquence incite un changement des décisions prises. Normalement ces décisions commerciales ne sont pas influencés par le niveau de soutien accordé après. C'est un type de "deficiency payments" avec la possibilité d'intervenir de manière 'dirigiste' si des problèmes s'annoncent.
Doctorat en droit
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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22

Kim, Ilnyun. "The Party of Hope: American Liberalism from the Fair Deal to the Great Society". The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1566169939602897.

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23

Afrem, Rani. "Does the European Commission require more independence than investors? : A study of replies made to the Green Paper". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18339.

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Background In 2008 a global financial crisis erupted. Even though auditors were not to blame for the financial crisis the public questioned how auditors could issue a clean bill of health despite the serious weaknesses. This made the Commission release the 2010 Green Paper on audit policy: Lessons from the Crisis. The Green Paper is a consultation paper which received around 700 replies from various stakeholders. In 2011, the Commission presented their proposal on reform of the audit market, in which many of the key elements had been discussed in the Green Paper. The 2011 proposal seeks to enhance auditor independence and introduce a more dynamic audit market. The proposed reforms are very strict and if the proposal is passed in its current form it would imply a major change of the audit market. This thesis has studied the replies made by investors to the Green Paper; investors are the primary stakeholders and those who should be most concerned with auditor independence. It is therefore important and interesting to study their viewpoints to the Green Paper. Purpose The purpose of this study is to understand and explain investors’ standpoints on the proposals mentioned in the Green Paper to enhance auditor independence, and to examine whether the European Commission, as indicted by the 2011 proposal, require more independence than investors as indicted by the replies made to the Green Paper. Method This study has taken a qualitative approach where the data has been analyzed in-depth. The Green Paper consists of 38 questions; four of these have been studied as they strongly relate to auditor independence. Furthermore this thesis has studied the replies made by investors; investors are the primary stakeholders and those who should be most concerned with auditor independence. It is therefore important and interesting to study their viewpoints to the Green Paper. Conclusion The majority of the respondents’ are negative to the ideas presented in the Green Paper but that does not imply that the Commission requires more independence than investors. Both the Commission and investors argue that status quo is not an option and that auditor independence must be strengthened. What separates their views is how to strengthen auditor independence. The Commission seeks to impose strict regulations while investors prefer good corporate governance as an alternative approach to strengthen auditor independence.

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24

Kelley, Amanda. "The Effect of Temperature on Phenotypes of the Invasive European Green Crab: Physiologic Mechanisms that Facilitate Invasion Success". PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1004.

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Invasion physiology is an emerging field that endeavors to understand the influence of physiological traits on the establishment of non-native species in novel environments. The invasive European green crab,Carcinus maenas, is one of the world's most successful aquatic invaders, and is currently distributed across temperate marine ecosystems globally. The work presented here explored the thermal physiology of this species, and has highlighted several physiological traits that have likely influenced establishment success. Intraspecific comparisons of crabs sampled from the northern and southern edges of their recipient, or invaded range on the west coast of North America have identified both organismal and cellular physiological difference with respect to upper and lower thermal tolerances. Crabs sampled from British Columbia, Canada (BC) had a significantly lower mean upper thermal tolerance threshold and heat shock protein synthesis, Hsp70, compared to their warm acclimated conspecifics sampled from California (CA). These differential physiologic responses may be rooted in the disparate natural thermal habitats that each population occupies within their respective environments. The ability of this species to extend its current range limits was also investigated. Range expansion to the south has been limited, and is likely restricted by this species lack of adaptation to warmer temperatures. Because range expansion has been chiefly northward, characterizing this species' response to cold stress can identify whether colder temperatures poleward may limit further range expansion. Cold tolerance capacity was determined in the laboratory, and crabs sampled from Vancouver Island, British Columbia were able to withstand the over-wintering thermal regime that occurs in Sitka, Alaska, a site that is currently beyond the range limits of this species. Furthermore, intraspecific assessments found that the cold acclimated BC population exposed to cold shock significantly down regulated protein levels of cyclin D1, cell cycle modulator. Distinct differences in carapace width (CW) were detected along the thermal gradient present in the green crabs' range. This variation in body size was utilized to the test the temperature size rule hypothesis for ectotherms. Simply stated, the temperature size rule is the tendency for ectotherms to develop slower but mature to a larger body sizes at cooler temperatures. The results supported this hypothesis as crabs sampled from the warm portion of the range were found to be smaller than crabs sampled from the colder portion of the range. This pattern was detected along the native range as well. Differences in body size have the potential to influence the scope of invasion; larger individuals are generally more fecund and longer lived, which can increase both the intensity and frequency of larval dispersal that could further propel range expansion. The physiologic properties that the green crab possesses which may influence invasion success were examined using peer-reviewed literature with the aim of determining if these physiological traits confer invasion success across taxa. This analysis tested four hypotheses: 1) Broad geographic temperature tolerances (thermal width) confer a higher upper thermal tolerance threshold when comparing invasive and native species. 2) The upper thermal extreme experienced in nature is correlated with upper thermal tolerance threshold. 3) Protein chaperone expression, a cellular mechanism underlying thermal tolerance threshold, is greater in invasive organisms than in native ones. 4) Acclimation to higher temperatures can promote a greater range of thermal tolerance for invasives compared to natives. These preliminary results generally support the four stated hypotheses, and provide a solid foundation for further studies to explore and identify physiologic traits that facilitate invasion success. Overall, these studies investigated the thermal physiology ofCarcinus maenasfrom an invasive metapopulation and have brought about significant advances in our understanding of what physiologic traits correlate to invasion success in this species. In addition, the data presented here can aid resource managers in identifying habitats, based on thermal tolerance measurements that fit the criteria for invasion. Understanding how invasive organisms vary with respect to thermal tolerance can aid our understanding the patterns and processes of species invasions.

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25

Pilsner, Léa Alice Aloïsia. "The European Union as a green normative power? : the case of the EU's sustainable energy cooperation with China". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15953/.

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Given energy’s powerful role in achieving sustainable development (SD), the relevance of turning to sustainable energy (SE) – understood as renewable energy and energy efficiency – has been recognised as an essential instrument in the global SD agenda. In its Treaties, the European Union (EU) made a profound commitment to the SD principle, and to environmental sustainability, by enshrining it as an objective of the Union and vowing to promote it both domestically and abroad. With Manners’ introduction in 2002 of the ‘Normative Power Europe’ (NPE) conceptualisation of the EU, this commitment can be linked to the EU’s very identity (Manners 2002). The EU is to be a norm promoter in the world to which it can be held accountable. The objective of this thesis is to determine if the EU can legitimately be called a green normative power to the extent that it abides by its commitment to promote SD in the world. In order to test this proposition this research applies Manners’ NPE approach to the case study of the EU’s SE cooperation with China. With its fast paced rise as an economic powerhouse and main fossil fuel consumer, China currently poses one of the single greatest challenges to the achievement of effective SD for the planet. China is also one of the main countries with which the EU developed its SE cooperation. This work presents three main contributions. First, the thesis' main originality derives from the use of Manners’ tripartite analytical framework (Manners 2009b) in the context of EU-China relations in SE. This provides for a comprehensive assessment of the EU’s normative status, not only addressing the EU’s commitment to SD but also to promoting it in a normative way (Manners 2002) by looking at the whole policy process. In doing so, this research seeks firstly to enrich the currently very limited NPE literature on the EU’s status as green normative power by extending it to the field of SE. Secondly, the thesis also aims to add an originally researched case study on China to the NPE field of study. Finally, the thesis also contributes to expanding the application of Manners’ analytical framework by operationalizing it to the study of the SD norm as a concept.

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Themann, Michael. "A green future for European electricity? Energy sources, policies and further determinants of the household price of electricity". Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9771.

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics
There is a controversial debate on how the transition towards electricity generation from re-newable energy sources (RES-E) affects European electricity markets in terms of prices and market efficiency. This thesis contributes to this debate by providing the first panel economet-ric analysis of how both different sources of electricity generation and electricity market poli-cies impact on the household price of electricity. Based on a sample of 29 European countries (EU-27 and two more), it finds that electricity production from combustible sources, natural gas, hydro and wind for the time span of 1991-2007 had a significant price lowering effect (ceteris paribus, on average). In contrast to that, results for the time span of 2004-2007 suggest that RES-E had a price increasing effect which can be related to its rapid growth in the 2000s. Results also suggest that Feed-in-Tariffs, regulatory reforms and the European emission trad-ing scheme play an important role, but their impact depends on country specific characteris-tics. The latter seem to be an important factor in determining the level of prices.

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27

Little, Christopher. "Beyond England's "Green and Pleasant Land": English Romantics Outside the Musical Renaissance". UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/music_etds/68.

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England experienced a resurgence of musical talent in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries known as the "English Musical Renaissance." This rebirth spanned the years 1880 – 1945 and is credited to the work of Edward Elgar, Frederick Delius, Gustav Holst, and Ralph Vaughan Williams. Their break with Continental compositional models and the subsequent rediscovery of Tudor music and English folk song eventually created a "pastoral" musical style, heard as the authentically English musical voice. A strain of English musical Romanticism continued parallel to the Renaissance, however, represented by Granville Bantock, Joseph Holbrooke, Rutland Boughton, Arnold Bax, and Havergal Brian. These composers retained Continental, specifically Wagnerian, Romantic techniques, including chromatic harmony, leitmotifs, virtuosic use of enormous performing forces, and an emphasis on programmatic music. Their inspiration was drawn from exotic sources and Nature's mystical, dangerous, and beguiling qualities instead of any "pastoral" traits. Each wrote emotionally extravagant music at a time when such was considered foreign to the English character. This dissertation demonstrates the Wagnerian character of these “English Romantics” through examination of stylistic features in representative scores. Further, by presenting scores, criticism, and monographs, it affirms their sustained compositional presence through the twentieth century though English cultural tastes had turned from Germany to France, Russia, and the United States after the First World War. Finally, in challenging the standard narrative of British musical history this study broadens the concept of authentically English music to include a great deal more music “made in England.”

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Mbanefo, Nkem Irene. "What are the effects of liberalisation on security of supply in the European Union and how can the regulators and private sector deal with the challenges?" Thesis, University of Dundee, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505595.

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Ersozer, Fadil. "The limits of Europeanisation and liberal peace in Cyprus : a critical appraisal of the European Union's green line regulation". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-limits-of-europeanisation-and-liberal-peace-in-cyprus-a-critical-appraisal-of-the-european-unions-green-line-regulation(57dba13d-095f-462b-9a8e-aa92de02517b).html.

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This thesis investigates the European Union (EU) effect on the economic activity across the Green Line in the divided Cyprus between 2004 and 2016. The primary focus is on the development and implementation of the EU's Green Line Regulation (GLR), which regulates and enables such activity from three aspects: movement of goods, services, and persons. In tracing the EU effect, this thesis provides a critical appraisal of the GLR on whether it provides an adequate legal framework for the economic activity in those three aspects and the extent to which it has contributed to the development of economic cooperation between the Turkish Cypriot and Greek Cypriot communities across the divide. The analysis also pays an equal level of attention to the extent to which the EU effect has been mediated by the factors at the domestic level: the roles of legal framework, ethno-politics in political elites, ethno-politics in civil society, and governance. The investigation of this study is pegged in two academic literatures. The first one is the Europeanisation debate, which concerns with the EU effect in the domestic affairs of countries associated with the EU. This thesis borrows three mechanisms of Europeanisation from this debate in order to test the EU effect on the three aspects of economic activity across the divide in Cyprus: i) institutional compliance, ii) change of domestic opportunity structures, iii) cognitive change. The second academic literature is the liberal peace, which it proposes that greater economic interactions and development of economic interdependence between countries facilitate resolution of their conflicts. The insights from this debate is utilised for conceptualising the EU's GLR as a liberal peace project. While Europeanisation is portrayed as a 'process', liberal peace objectives are seen as the 'ultimate destination', which the 'vehicle' of the EU's GLR will drive the island towards it. This thesis argues that the GLR has only achieved a limited success and largely failed to contribute to the development of economic cooperation across the divide in Cyprus. This is mainly because the Europeanisation process have been heavily mediated and negated by the design shortcomings of the GLR as well as the factors at the domestic level, which are inherently linked to the politics of division. In this context, this thesis aspires to make contribution in both empirical and conceptual terms. The in-depth and critical investigation of the GLR as well as of the economic activity across the divide in Cyprus provides a much-needed contribution to the contemporary politics of Cyprus, which has been largely ignored by the existing academic literature. Additionally, the conceptual framework developed in this thesis allows exploring synergies between the theoretical literatures of Europeanisation and liberal peace and combines them with examination of new empirical evidence. This focus captures insights on how Europeanisation can be used as a 'tool' for pursuing liberal peace objectives in contested statehood, beyond what has been researched so far and also provides a blueprint for other similar cases of conflict.

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Schulze, Sheila y Yvonne Mrukwa. "#GreenRecovery for Europe: A Content Analysis of tweets about the Green Recovery from COVID-19 on Twitter". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-36968.

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The aim of this thesis is to investigate how digital activism is conducted on Twitter, particularly in relation to the dialogues and demands for Europe’s green economic recovery plan from COVID-19. It seeks to analyse the communication made using #GreenRecovery on Twitter by various actors over the period of May to June 2020, guided by the theory of public sphere and social movement and literature on digital activism, hashtag activism, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Corporate Political Activity (CPA) using a qualitative and quantitative content analysis.By analysing the frequency patterns of tweets and by uncovering the different types of communication, this paper sheds light on the users involved as well as the issue frames and mobilisation strategies that were visible in the #GreenRecovery discourse . Results of this study demonstrate that #GreenRecovery is used by varying actors on Twitter such as individuals, social movements, businesses and others. Furthermore, the hashtag has been used to raise awareness, communicate particular information, mobilize action and also employ assertion as dominant digital spectator activity. Tweets with #GreenRecovery was primarily framed towards the need for a redesign of the economy, indicating demands for changes in policies by targeting accounts of political actors from the EU Commission. It is further implied that during the discourse, #GreenRecovery acted as a structural signifier as a response to the leaked proposal of the Recovery Plan demonstrating that it has the potential to create hashtag communities.

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31

Duwe, Sebastian [Verfasser]. "Governing the Transition to a Green Economy : Drawing lessons from China, the United States and the European Union / Sebastian Duwe". Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1074870964/34.

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32

Ferri, Federico. "Green economy et droit de l'Union européenne : discipline et perspectives juridiques". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAA011/document.

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La thèse a pour sujet la green economy dans le droit de l’Union européenne et se centre sur l’analyse d’un thème qui a été abordé au niveau juridique ces derniers temps. Partant, l’objectif de la recherche vise à délinéer un cadre juridique pour la green economy par rapport à l’Union européenne, en étudiant la signification de ce terme, en en identifiant les liens avec le droit primaire de l’Union, en examinant la façon dont l’Union utilise son droit (dérivé) pour favoriser la transition vers une green economy et enfin, en imaginant des scénarios juridiques (probables ou souhaités) susceptibles de se manifester en vertu de la prise en compte des exigences de la green economy par l’Union européenne
The subject of the thesis is the green economy within European Union (EU) Law; the research thus deals with a theme which started been considered only recently. Therefore, the main purpose of the thesis is to define a juridical framework for the green economy within the EU, by studying the meaning of this concept, identifying links with the EU primary Law, examining the way the EU uses its (secondary) law to boost the transition to such model, and prospecting possible (or desirable) scenarios which might appear as a consequence of the taking into consideration of the green economy by the EU itself

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Van, De Walle Cédric. "Le rôle de la Fédération européenne des partis verts: étude de la coopération multilatérale entre partis verts à l'échelle européenne". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211213.

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Kula, Mari-Helen. "From scepticism to engagement : Europeanization of the Green Party and Sinn Féin in Ireland inelection campaigns 2009–2020". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-186522.

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This study examines the impact of the European Union and the programmatic and policy changes in two Irish political parties, the Green Party and Sinn Féin. The Europeanization concept is the theoretical basis of the study and it is operationalized by the use of EU salience. The study is carried out by content analysis of national and European election manifestos prepared by the parties during the 2009–2020 time period. The findings showed an increased salience on the European Union in national election campaigns by both parties, and in the European Parliament elections by Sinn Féin. A process of Europeanization has taken place in both parties regarding foreign policy and issues related to external relations. The Green Party showed an increased emphasis on the European Union regarding environmental issues. This study contributes to the research on the European impact on national political parties and the increased importance of European level politics in the national systems.

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35

Mayer, Caroline y Emelie Bergström. "Transition through Transparency : Assessing ESG Reporting and the EU Taxonomy for Sustainable Finance". Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-296649.

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Insufficient ESG information has been identified as a barrier in the transition towards a climate-neutral economy. This topic recently gained new interest, with the EU Commission implementing an action plan to finance sustainable growth. For the first time, the EU Commission has introduced a taxonomy that classifies whether or not an economic activity is sustainable - a potentially substantial addition to the field of ESG reporting. Financial market participants are initially targeted by the demands of disclosing taxonomy alignment of all affected activities. Due to the significant mandate that financiers hold as intermediates, their perspective on ESG disclosure is key to sorting out the complexity of non-financial transparency. The purpose of this thesis is to identify financiers’ current challenges within ESG reporting, and to indicate how the EU taxonomy will impact this context. A qualitative study was carried out with an aim to gather the perspectives of Swedish banks that provide portfolio management. 20 interviews with industry professionals were held, in order to illuminate internal obstacles and viewpoints in the banks’ operative businesses. The empirical data was thematically analyzed and discussed in regard to the Swedish finance industry as a whole. The findings present that the current challenges with ESG reporting firstly lie in a lack of comparability and clarity in the disclosure process. Secondly, there are difficulties with integration due to the tensions that underlie the financial purposes of most businesses. Despite the fact that shorter-term challenges are expected to remain with the taxonomy, mainly in the form of access to data and communication, the taxonomy is generally received as a long-awaited common language. The taxonomy contributes with standardization and structure to this setting and shows promise of integrational effects due to its activity-centered focus. Although the satisfaction of information needs will not entail change in itself, it is deemed necessary to obtain transparency in order for a subsequent environmental transition to take place.
Bristfällig ESG-information har identifierats som ett hinder i omställningen mot en klimatneutral ekonomi. Detta område har på sistone mötts av ett ökat intresse, i och med EU Kommissionens handlingsplan för att finansiera hållbar tillväxt. Mer specifikt introduceras för första gången en taxonomi, vilken klassificerar hur en ekonomisk aktivitet skall bedömas som hållbar - ett potentiellt signifikant tillägg till ESG-redovisning i stort. Initialt omfattas finansmarknadsaktörer av kraven att redovisa berörda aktiviteters överensstämmelse med taxonomins gränsvärden. I och med det betydande mandat som finansiärer innehar som intermediärer, är deras perspektiv på ESG redovisning mycket betydelsefullt i förståelsen av komplexiteten som kringligger icke-finansiell transparens. Syftet med denna studie är att identifiera finansiärers nuvarande utmaningar inom ESG redovisning, samt att indikera hur EU taxonomin kommer påverka dessa aktiviteter. En kvalitativ studie har genomförts med syftet att ansamla perspektiven av svenska banker som tillhandahåller portföljförvaltning. 20 intervjuer hölls med individer verksamma inom branschen, för att kunna identifiera interna hinder och synvinklar från bankernas operativa verksamhet. Den empiriska datan analyserades sedan tematiskt och diskuterades i förhållande till den svenska finansindustrin i stort. Resultaten visar att de nuvarande utmaningarna inom ESG-redovisning härleds dels till en brist på jämförbarhet och klarhet i redovisningsprocessen, och dels till svårigheter att integrera arbetet i och med intressekonflikter som underbygger de finansiella syftena av företag. Trots faktumet att vissa svårigheter på kortare sikt väntas kvarstå med införandet av taxonomin, framförallt inom datatillgång och kommunikation, så mottar branschen taxonomin som ett efterlängtat gemensamt språk. Taxonomin bidrar med standardisering och struktur till redovisningslandskapet, och dess aktivitetsfokus visar på lovande integrationsmässiga effekter. Tillfredsställandet av informationsbehov innebär visserligen inte någon förändring i sig, men upprättandet av förhöjd transparens ses som direkt nödvändigt för att möjliggöra en efterföljande transition mot mer hållbara industrier.

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Wollum, Knut Laurits Karlsen. "AN ECONOMIC SUPERPOWER WITHOUT AUTHORITY? : An in-depth case study of the European efforts to counter the American-initiated embargo on Iran following the U.S. withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-376780.

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It has been written extensively on the EU’s evolving role in the global economy. A mere numeric analysis tells the story about the world’s greatest economic actor that continuously grows in both scope and magnitude. However, due to an increased politicisation of global economic interactions, the matter is not that simple. Scholars agree that the USA, since the end of the Cold War, has been the preeminent actor, arranging, facilitating and maintaining the liberalisation of the global economy. Amongst these scholars, there is a consensus that the EU has developed its position within the framework for which the USA has pioneered and provided. The question is what happens when the USA withdraws from its global commitments and runs a policy counter to fundamental European interests and values? Through a detailed investigation of the European efforts to counter the American withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action and the reactions from the number of actors affected, I capture the extent to which the EU arrives at operating credibly and autonomously of the USA on an issue of strategic interest. My conclusion is that the EU’s agency in global affairs is restricted by the American position in the increasingly politicised economy. It becomes apparent that the institutional and structural framework within which the EU operates limits the Union’s ability to consolidate its position in global affairs through economic means.

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37

Suen, Choi Kan. "Are residents living in eco-districts environmentally conscious? A case study of environmental attitudes of residents living in the European Green Capital of Stockholm, Sweden". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-339172.

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With rapid urbanization, climate change and population growth in the 21st century, the development of eco-cities, especially in those fast-growing populated countries such as China and India, is important to minimize human impact on the planet. Nevertheless, despite that there is a very well-designed eco-city, if residents living in an eco-city are not environmentally conscious, the eco-city is sustainable only in its tangible part – technologies and infrastructure, but not in its intangible part – environmental attitudes and behavioral patterns of residents. The intangible part is important since HUMANS are the root cause of current climate change (IPCC, 2014). When the policy makers decide to build an eco-city, this thesis thus argues that they should consider not only the tangible part of the city, but also consider the intangible part of eco-city – environmental attitudes and behavioral patterns of residents. This thesis provides a survey of environmental attitudes of 150 Stockholm residents living in three districts: Hammarby Sjöstad, Östermalm and Bromma. It also reports on a well-developed environmental project which is led by residents living in the Stockholm eco-district of Hammarby Sjöstad. The scope of this research is the City of Stockholm (Swedish: Stockholms kommun / Stockholms stad). The objectives of this research are: (1) to find out the environmental attitudes of residents living in three selected districts of Stockholm; (2) to understand the development of Hammarby Sjöstad and find out if residents living in Hammarby Sjöstad are particularly environmentally conscious; (3) to provide suggestions for the policy makers (e.g. Chinese and Indian) of how to take environmental attitudes of residents into consideration when planning and developing projects such as eco-cities. Among the findings of the research are: (1) in the high income, educated, and political conservative Stockholm districts where I conducted my surveys, respondents in general report high levels of environmental concerns and environmentally friendly behavior; (2) however, concerns questions relating to cars (parking restrictions, limiting or banning cars from their districts or Stockholm as a whole), opinions were very divided. There seemed to be much reluctance among many to put severe restrictions on the use of cars; (3) in the eco-district Hammarby Sjöstad, the expression of environmental consciousness did not appear particularly different from the other districts. Many respondents in the district moved into the area for diverse reasons other than environmental ones; (4) however, a well-developed environmental project which is led by residents living in Hammarby Sjöstad has emerged in the eco-district, where comparable projects were not found in the other districts in Stockholm.
I och med den snabba urbaniseringen, klimatförändringen och befolkningstillväxten under 2000-talet, är utvecklingen av eko-städer i de snabbväxande befolkade områdena som Kina och Indien viktig för att minska den mänskliga påverkan på planeten. Emellertid, om en eko-stads invånare inte är miljömedvetna så kommer en väldesignad eko-stad endast vara hållbar på sin materiella del (teknik och infrastruktur) men inte på sin immateriella del (miljöattityder och beteendemönster hos invånare). Den immateriella delen är viktig eftersom MÄNNISKOR är grundorsaken till den nuvarande klimatförändringen (IPCC, 2014). När beslutsfattarna bestämmer sig för att bygga en eko-stad, hävdar den här uppsatsen att de inte bara bör överväga den materiella delen av staden, utan också överväga den immateriella delen av staden - miljöattityder och beteendemönster hos invånare. Den här uppsatsen bygger på en undersökning om miljöattityder hos 150 boende som bor i tre olika områden i Stockholm: Hammarby Sjöstad, Östermalm och Bromma, samt beskriver ett välutvecklat miljöprojekt som leds av invånare i eko-distriktet - Hammarby Sjöstad. Målen för denna forskning är: (1) att ta reda på miljöattityder hos invånare i tre utvalda områden i Stockholm; (2) att förstå utvecklingen av Hammarby Sjöstad samt ta reda på om invånare i Hammarby Sjöstad är särskilt miljömedvetna; (3) att ge förslag till beslutsfattare (t.ex. kinesiska och indiska) om hur man tar hänsyn till miljöattityder hos invånare när de planerar och utvecklar projekt som eko-städer. Bland forskningsresultaten finns följande: (1) i de politiskt konservativa Stockholmsdistrikten med många välutbildade invånare med hög inkomst där jag utförde mina undersökningar rapporterar respondenterna generellt en hög nivå av miljöhänsyn och miljövänligt beteende; (2) när det gäller frågor som rör bilar (parkeringsrestriktioner, begränsning eller förbud mot bilar i deras distrikt eller Stockholm som helhet), var åsikterna emellertid mycket uppdelade. Det föreföll att många svarande inte är villiga att sätta stränga restriktioner på användningen av bilar; (3) invånare i eko-distrikt, Hammarby Sjöstad, verkade inte som om de var särskilt miljömedvetna. Många svarande flyttade in i distriktet på grund av olika orsaker än miljö; (4) ett välutvecklat miljöprojekt som leds av invånare i Hammarby Sjöstad har emellertid uppstått i eko-distriktet. Jämförbara projekt hittades inte i övriga distrikt i Stockholm.
随着21世纪迅速的城市化，气候变化和人口增长，尤其在中国和印度等拥有庞大人口及急速发展的国家，生态城的建设对于减低人类对地球的影响至为重要。然而，即使生态城的设计完善，如果生态城的居民不具环保意识，生态城的可持续性只能在其有形的部分（技术和基础设施），而不在其无形的部分（居民的环保态度和行为模式）。生态城的无形部份是重要的因为人类是当前气候变化的根本原因（IPCC，2014）。当决策者建设生态城时，本文认为决策者不仅要考虑生态城的有形部分，还要考虑生态城的无形部分 - 居民的环保态度和行为模式。本文提供了一个瑞典斯德哥尔摩三个地区150位居民的环保态度调查：哈马比生态城（Hammarby Sjöstad），Östermalm和Bromma。本文还探讨了一个具规模并由哈马比生态城居民领导的环保项目。本研究的目的：（1）了解斯德哥尔摩三个地区居民的环保态度; （2）了解哈马比生态城的发展情况和探讨哈马比生态城的居民是否特别具有环保意识; （3）为决策者（如中国和印度）在规划和开发生态城等项目时如何考虑生态城居民的环保态度提供建议。研究结果包括：（1）在斯德哥尔摩高收入，高教育和政治保守的地区，受访者总体上显示高水平的环保意识和环保行为; （2）然而，受访者在涉及汽车的问题上（如泊车限制，限制或禁止在区内或斯德哥尔摩内使用汽车）意见是非常分歧的。许多人似乎抗拒限制使用汽车; （3）在哈马比生态城，居民的环保意识显现与其他地区没有什么特别的区别。除了环保因素外，受访者迁入该地区有多种原因; （4）然而，哈马比生态城有一个具规模并由当区居民领导的环保项目。在斯德哥尔摩其他地区并没有发现类似的项目。

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Hensgen, Frank [Verfasser]. "Examining European semi-natural grassland silages and urban green cut as input sources for the integrated generation of solid fuel and biogas from biomass / Frank Hensgen". Kassel : Kassel University Press, 2014. http://d-nb.info/106532149X/34.

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39

Göransson, Scalzotto Joel. "It´s The Smart City, Stupid! : A critical study of Smart narratives, Attraction Hysteria & the production of Smart Space in the European Green Capital 2020". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182392.

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In this research, the “Smart City-edifice” of Lisbon has been examined through qualitative field work carried out in the city. The concept of the Smart City- edifice has been designed by the author in an attempt to grasp the ambiguous Smart City ambition as an assemblage of (i) specific techniques incorporated into the urban environment (ii) the modes of governance which these techniques allow for, particularly real time data collection & (iii) issues of city branding, placemaking and urban, Smart regeneration. The highlighted empirical material has been produced in collaboration with interlocutors from three different projects, and relate to the three different facets of the Smart Cityedifice: A developer of a gamification scheme (e-governance), a sustainable neighbourhood project (Tech-driven sustainability and governance/civic participation) and lastly a creative hub (branding, creativity & regeneration). These facets are being examined in the context of Lisbon, a city which has gone through a re-formulation of urban agendas in the capitalist restructuring of the economy in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis. The post-crisis strategy in Lisbon is interpreted as a sort of “attraction hysteria” (Anttiroiko, 2014), as much effort has been placed on attracting global capital and tourism, incentivised not least by a liberalized, profitable housing market. This attraction hysteria is understood by the author as producing specific implications for the development of the Smart Cityedifice. Main findings include the hinderances that said politics have produced for ambitions of civic participation and other democratic visions of the Smart City. These findings are understood in the light of the Lefebvrian framework of the “right to the city” and critical understandings of the touristified city. The field work itself has been guided by two key research questions, these being: a) How are Smart City narratives being operationalized locally by actors in Lisbon? B) What possible tensions could arise between Smart aims of global urban competitiveness and aims of civic participation, in the context of Lisbon?

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40

Buchmann, Katrin Annika. "The effectiveness of European embassies' climate diplomacy with the USA and China". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2016. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/268029.

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This dissertation focuses on public diplomacy efforts targeted at persuading other countries to strengthen their domestic and international climate change policies. While previous research on climate diplomacy has addressed the global negotiations extensively, the role of embassies and the interplay between diplomats, their partners and the instruments and storylines they employ, has so far not received the scholarly attention it deserves. This is despite the fact that such behind-the-scenes outreach is one of the most promising tools available to engage other states. The dissertation aims to fill this literature gap by examining climate public diplomacy conducted by embassies and consulates of four EU states: the UK, Germany, Sweden and Denmark. The European Union, and these states in particular, were chosen because they have sought to portray themselves as leaders in tackling climate change while undertaking extensive climate diplomacy. The United States and China were chosen as target states since they have been the main focus of EU climate diplomacy, due to their position as the two largest aggregate contributors to climate change. The dissertation addresses public diplomacy in the field of climate change applied to both the federal/national and subnational levels of governance of these states. The main research question tackled by this dissertation is: What role do embassies and consulates play in climate diplomacy, and how effective is this diplomacy? In answering this, the research focuses on identifying environmental discourses and framings of climate change employed by embassies/consulates for different audiences, and assesses the impact of these frames. A central finding was a strong trade and growth orientation of climate diplomacy. The diplomatic network identified industry, especially fossil-fuel intensive businesses, as allies. Some companies that were embassy partners supported climate denial behind the scenes.

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41

Delaney, David. "Monitoring and managing the spread of marine introduced species: development of approaches and application to the European green crab («Carcinus maenas») and the Asian shore crab («Hemigrapsus sanguineus»)". Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66641.

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Managing introduced species, a current environmental problem, is hindered by real-world limitations of personnel, data, and funding. Monitoring is an important precursor to effective management because detecting an introduced species when its population is localized and at low density (i.e., early detection) maximizes the probability of successful eradication. Often introduced species are only detected years after the initial introduction, when eradication is no longer a viable option. Therefore, in this thesis we developed and analyzed techniques to better monitor and model the spread of the European green crab (Carcinus maenas) and the Asian shore crab (Hemigrapsus sanguineus). To overcome issues of insufficient amounts of data and personnel, we recruited nearly a thousand volunteers and validated their ability to identify introduced and native species of crabs with high levels of accuracy (Chapter 1). To increase the probability of early detection, we need to not only increase sampling intensity, but also to identify more effective and efficient sampling techniques. Therefore, we developed a quantitative, standardized experimental field approach for comparing the sensitivity of different sampling techniques for detecting organisms at low densities (Chapter 2). Even with an efficient sampling technique and increased resources of a validated volunteer monitoring network, we are still not adequately equipped for early detection monitoring on the large-scale. Since it is infeasible to monitor everywhere a species could be introduced, we should monitor where they are more likely to arrive and manage them where their impact will be greatest. To address this problem we modified an oceanographic model, incorporated biological behaviors, used extensive field data to parameterize and validate the model's ability to forecast areas that are most likely to be colonized, so we can optimally allocate our limited res
La gestion des espèces introduites est un problème environnemental pressant qui est souvent entravé par des limites de personnel, de données et de financement. La surveillance est un prérequis important afin de gérer les espèces introduites de façon efficace puisque la détection hâtive de ces espèces, lorsqu'elles sont peu dispersées et à faible densité, maximise la probabilité de les éradiquer. Il arrive souvent que les espèces introduites soient détectées plusieurs années après leur établissement, lorsqu'il n'est plus possible de les éradiquer. L'un des objectifs de cette thèse est donc de développer et d'évaluer des méthodes servant à détecter et à modéliser la propagation de deux espèces invasives: le crabe vert européen (Carcinus maenas) et le crabe asiatique (Hemigrapsus sanguineus). Pour surmonter des difficultés courantes liées à un manque de données et de personnel, nous avons recruté mille volontaires et nous avons validé leur aptitude à identifier de façon précise des espèces de crabes natives et introduites (Chapitre 1). Afin d'augmenter la probabilité de détection hâtive, il n'est pas seulement nécessaire d'augmenter la fréquence d'échantillonnage, mais aussi de déterminer quelles sont les techniques d'échantillonnage les plus efficaces. Par conséquent, nous avons développé une méthode expérimentale quantitative et standardisée servant à comparer la sensibilité de différentes techniques d'échantillonnage pour détecter des organismes présents en faible densité sur le terrain (Chapitre 2). Même avec des techniques d'échantillonnage efficaces et un système de surveillance reposant sur des volontaires formés à l'avance, il est très difficile de surveiller des aires à très grande échelle et de permettre la détection hâtive. Étant donné ces difficultés, il est nécessaire de surveiller les endroits les plus susceptibles

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42

Warren, Alec J. "Britain's Green Fascists: Understanding the Relationship between Fascism, Farming, and Ecological Concerns in Britain, 1919-1951". UNF Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/755.

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This study explores the relationship between fascism, fascist ideas, and environmental consciousness in Britain during the pre- and post-World War II decades. In examining this topic, two main questions arise. First, why did fascist intellectuals support environmentally conscious ideas, and how did they relate these positions to their political ideologies? Second, why were many environmentally conscious thinkers during this period attracted to fascism? This thesis will also address several related issues regarding fascism and environmental consciousness. These issues include what role environmental concerns played in the British Union of Fascist’s platforms and in fascism’s public appeal, and how that role changed as the party’s needs and goals changed. This project also addresses how former members of the BUF drew attention to environmental issues after World War II, and how such ideas related to broader environmental discussions taking place in Britain at the time.

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43

Glaab, Sabine [Verfasser], Thomas [Gutachter] Heyne y Franz Xaver [Gutachter] Bogner. "Green classroom at the wildlife park: Aspects of environmental, instructional and conceptual education of primary school children concerning the European wildcat. / Sabine Glaab ; Gutachter: Thomas Heyne, Franz Xaver Bogner". Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/121985333X/34.

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44

VACCHELLI, ORIETTA. "PEDAGOGIA DELL'AMBIENTE: LINEE DI RICERCA DELL'UNIONE EUROPEA SUI TEMI DELL'EDUCAZIONE ALLA SOSTENIBILITA' VERSO EXPO 2015". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6173.

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La pedagogia dell’ambiente può offrire nuove prospettive interpretative rispetto a talune rilevanti questioni ambientali. Delineando contributi progettuali sostenibili per formare ad una cittadinanza responsabile in una civiltà planetaria, essa dischiude la possibilità di elaborare una cultura della sostenibilità educativa. Significare un nuovo modello di sviluppo, secondo un pensiero pedagogico orientato alla centralità della persona in stretta congiunzione con la dottrina sociale della Chiesa, caratterizza il quadro teorico della tesi. E’ in questa cornice che si inserisce la presente ricerca, la quale, in una prospettiva pedagogica, compie un’esplorazione orientata ad approfondire il rapporto tra pedagogia e politica dell’ambiente nello scenario dell’Unione Europea. L’elaborato mira a proporre un’articolata disamina critica delle attuali politiche ambientali europee in merito a ricerca e innovazione dell’istruzione e formazione. L’interpretazione pedagogica di emblematici documenti dell’Unione Europea circa l’educazione allo sviluppo sostenibile evidenzia elementi imprescindibili per delineare una progettazione educativa sostenibile finalizzata a generare un cambiamento culturale nel segno della sostenibilità e per elaborare possibili linee di orientamento rivolte a policy makers.
Environmental pedagogy can offer new interpretational perspectives with respect to certain significant environmental issues. By outlining sustainable projects aimed at forming a responsible population in a planetary civilization, environmental pedagogy discloses the possibility to develop a culture of educational sustainability. Representing a new development model, according to a pedagogical thought oriented towards the central nature of the person, in close conjunction with the social doctrine of the Church, characterizes the theoretical picture of the thesis. It is this frame that encloses the present research, which, from a pedagogical perspective, carries out an investigation aimed at deepening the relationship between pedagogy and environmental policy in the scenario of the European Union. The paper intends to propose a well-structured and critical examination of the current European environmental policies on the subject of research and innovation in education and training. The pedagogical interpretation of emblematic documents issued by the European Union concerning education for sustainable development shows elements which are crucial for the purpose of outlining a sustainable educational plan aimed at generating a cultural change in the sign of sustainability and for developing possible guidelines aimed at policymakers.

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45

Recinos, Katherine. "Managing Aquatic Invasive Species in the United States by Harvesting them for Human Consumption". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/595.

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Marine and freshwater aquatic invasive species are a huge problem in the United States and its territorial waters with myriad ecological and economic impacts. Current management methods have fallen short. One possible solution is to harvest them for human consumption. This should be done through small scale, carefully regulated, scientifically based programs that are part of a larger overall management strategy. Four case studies (northern snakehead, European green crab, Asian carp, Chinese mitten crab) assessing edibility are included.

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46

Ryznerová, Magda. "Vývoj auditorské profese". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-81909.

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The goal of the submitted thesis "Evolution of the audit profession" is to introduce the audit profession focused on the current situation of the audit market. The European Commission published a Green Paper "Audit Policy: Lessons from the Crisis" on the 13th of October 2010 seeking views on a range of issues related to the statutary audit. (the consultation closed on the 8th of December). The part of this work is the comparison of views of the group of respondents and the summary of all responses. It also mentions the current situation of this theme.

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47

Schotter, Geoffrey. "A Peculiar Type of Democratic Unity: Carl J. Friedrich's Strange Schmittian Turn 0r How Friedrich Stopped Worrying and Learned to Decide on the Exception". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1301688653.

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48

Vedrine, Claire. "Fiscalité et environnement". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20205.

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La fiscalité environnementale repose sur un double fondement : économique (le double dividende) et juridique (le principe pollueur payeur). Elle doit s’inscrire dans une réforme fiscale verte alliant flexibilité de l’instrument fiscal et pérennité des objectifs environnementaux. Dès lors, la responsabilité environnementale et sociale apparaît comme un nouveau paradigme. Cependant, face à l’internationalisation des problèmes environnementaux et de la concurrence fiscale, l’échelon régional est particulièrement approprié. Au sein même de l’Union européenne, différents scénarios sont possibles. L’ajustement des taxes aux frontières est ainsi un mécanisme efficace de reconnaissance des préoccupations environnementales. L’analyse de la fiscalité environnementale dans différents États, y compris des États en développement, permet d’en apprécier toutes les potentialités. Sans parler de fiscalité mondiale, l'usage des conventions fiscales internationales ou la reconnaissance d'une coutume internationale sont des hypothèses.

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49

David, Anca Hélène. "L'évolution du droit de l'environnement de l'Union européenne : un outil de mise en place de l'économie verte et circulaire". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB177.

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L'évolution du droit de l'environnement de l'Union européenne a conduit au développement d'un objectif nouveau qui vise à promouvoir l'éco-innovation et les modèles d'entreprise verts, afin de mettre en place une économie verte et circulaire. Ce nouvel objectif a eu des conséquences sur sa forme et son contenu. En effet, la forme du droit de l'Union européenne en matière d'environnement est dominée par des directives-cadres et présente une flexibilité accrue, tandis que son contenu intègre de nouveaux modèles d'entreprise, notamment le modèle d'entreprise circulaire. La transition vers une économie verte a également des conséquences sur la manière dont les États membres transposent le droit de l'environnement de l'Union européenne. Le processus de transposition est devenu un vecteur de commercialisation de l'éco-innovation sur le marché européen, associant des acteurs nouveaux à la prise de décision, à savoir : les éco-entreprises, les laboratoires de recherche et d'innovation, les pôles de compétitivité, les entreprises du numérique ou les investisseurs providentiels
The evolution of the European Union environmental law has led to the development of a new goal that aims to promote eco-innovation and green business models, in order to create a green and circular economy. This new goal had consequences on its form and content. The form of the European Union environmental law is dominated by framework directives and presents increased flexibility, while its content integrates new business models, particularly the circular business model. Furthermore, the transition to a green economy has an impact on how Member States transpose the European Union environmental law. The transposition process has become a vector of commercializing eco-innovation on the European market, and brings together new stakeholders in the decision-making process, namely: green companies, research and innovation laboratories, clusters, digital companies or business angels

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50

Silva, João Francisco Passanha Baptista da. "European Green Deal : transição ecológica em prejuízo da coesão? : análise ao Fundo de Transição Justa, sob a perspetiva portuguesa". Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/33457.

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A presente dissertação foca-se no Fundo de Transição Justa, principal instrumento do Mecanismo de Transição Justa, criado pela Comissão Europeia, para auxiliar o processo de conversão ecológica pelo qual a União se propõe a enveredar, através do European Green Deal. Pretende-se apurar se o Fundo de Transição Justa, tal como está formulado1, assegura uma transição efetivamente justa para uma economia verde e circular, sobretudo no que diz respeito à situação Portuguesa, enquanto Estado-membro da UE destinatário de políticas de coesão. Para tal, procedeu-se ao tratamento e análise de conceitos centrais à temática da tese: economia verde e economia circular, transição justa, e coesão europeia. Tendo estabelecido como os conceitos enunciados devem ser interpretados e aplicados ao longo da tese, seguiu-se a identificação dos desafios políticos que a União Europeia enfrenta para executar uma transição ecológica, assim como uma análise à composição e funcionamento do Fundo de Transição Justa, ao que se prevê que venha a ser a sua intervenção em Portugal, e ao seu método de alocação, de acordo com a sua atual formulação2. Com base nas conclusões alcançadas ao longo do corpo da dissertação, esta termina com a resposta negativa, fundamentada, à questão de partida.
This dissertation focuses on the Just Transition Fund, the main instrument of the Just Transition Mechanism, created by the European Commission, to assist the process of ecological conversion that the Union proposes to embark on, through the European Green Deal. The main aim is to ascertain whether the Just Transition Fund, as formulated3, ensures an effectively just transition to a green and circular economy, especially with regard to the Portuguese situation, as an EU Member State that is the recipient of cohesion policies. To this end, we proceeded to the treatment and analysis of concepts central to the theme of the thesis: green economy and circular economy, just transition, and European cohesion. Having established how the aforementioned concepts should be interpreted and applied throughout the thesis, there followed the identification of the political challenges that the European Union faces to execute an ecological transition, as well as an analysis of the composition and functioning of the Just Transition Fund, an analysis regarding what is expected to be its intervention in Portugal, and to its allocation method, according to its current formulation4. Based on the conclusions reached throughout the body of the dissertation, it ends with the substantiated negative answer to the starting question.

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Tesis sobre el tema "The european green deal"

Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros