Literatura académica sobre el tema "Tornadoes Particles"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Tornadoes Particles"
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Ingel, L. Kh. "Movement of heavy particles in tornadoes". Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics 53, n.º 4 (julio de 2017): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0001433817040065.
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Wood, Vincent T., Rodger A. Brown y David C. Dowell. "Simulated WSR-88D Velocity and Reflectivity Signatures of Numerically Modeled Tornadoes". Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 26, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 2009): 876–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jtecha1181.1.
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Abstract Low-altitude radar reflectivity measurements of tornadoes sometimes reveal a donut-shaped signature (low-reflectivity eye surrounded by a high-reflectivity annulus) and at other times reveal a high-reflectivity knob associated with the tornado. The differences appear to be due to such factors as (i) the radar’s sampling resolution, (ii) the presence or absence of lofted debris and a low-reflectivity eye, (iii) whether measurements were made within the lowest few hundred meters where centrifuged hydrometeors and smaller debris particles were recycled back into the tornadic circulation, and (iv) the presence or absence of multiple vortices in the parent tornado. To explore the influences of some of these various factors on radar reflectivity and Doppler velocity signatures, a high-resolution tornado numerical model was used that incorporated the centrifuging of hydrometeors. A model reflectivity field was computed from the resulting concentration of hydrometeors. Then, the model reflectivity and velocity fields were scanned by a simulated Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) using both the legacy resolution and the new super-resolution sampling. Super-resolution reflectivity and Doppler velocity data are displayed at 0.5° instead of 1.0° azimuthal sampling intervals and reflectivity data are displayed at 0.25-km instead of 1.0-km range intervals. Since a mean Doppler velocity value is the reflectivity-weighted mean of the radial motion of all the radar scatterers within a radar beam, a nonuniform distribution of scatterers produces a different mean Doppler velocity value than does a uniform distribution of scatterers. Nonuniform reflectivities within the effective resolution volume of the radar beam can bias the indicated size and strength of the tornado’s core region within the radius of the peak tangential velocities. As shown in the simulation results, the Doppler-indicated radius of the peak wind underestimates the true radius and true peak tangential velocity when the effective beamwidth is less than the tornado’s core diameter and there is a weak-reflectivity eye at the center of the tornado. As the beam becomes significantly wider than the tornado’s core diameter with increasing range, the peaks of the Doppler velocity profiles continue to decrease in magnitude but overestimate the tornado’s true radius. With increasing range from the radar, the prominence of the weak-reflectivity eye at the center of the tornado is progressively lessened until it finally disappears. As to be expected, the Doppler velocity signatures and reflectivity eye signatures were more prominent and stronger with super-resolution sampling than those with legacy-resolution sampling.
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Ingel, L. Kh. "On the Nonlinear Dynamics of Massive Particles in Tornadoes". Technical Physics 65, n.º 6 (junio de 2020): 860–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063784220060122.
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Radovanovic, Milan, Bosko Milovanovic, Mila Pavlovic, Aleksandar Radivojevic y Milan Stevancevic. "The connection between solar wind charged particles and tornadoes: Case analysis". Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 28, n.º 1 (2013): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1301052r.
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The temperature of charged particles coming from the Sun ranges from several hundred thousands to several millions ?C, in extreme cases. Theoretical possibilities of the hydrodynamic air mass seizing by charged particles, i. e. solar wind, are discussed in this paper. On one hand, they are characterized by extremely high temperatures, on the other, by the compression of cold air at an approximate altitude of 90 km towards the top of the cloud of the cyclone, they influence the phenomenon of extremely low temperatures. By using the Mann-Whitney U test we have tried to determine the potential link between certain indicators of solar activity and resulting disturbances in the atmosphere. Analyzed data refer to global daily values for the 2004-2010 period. Our results confirm the possibility of coupling between the charged particles and the vortex air mass movements, based on which a more detailed study of the appearance of a tornado near Sombor on May 12th, 2010, was carried out. It has also been proven that there are grounds for a causality between the sudden arrival of the solar wind charged particles, i. e. protons, and the appearance of a tornado. Based on the presented approach, elements for an entirely novel prediction model are given.
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Tanamachi, Robin L., Howard B. Bluestein, Stephen S. Moore y Robert P. Madding. "Infrared Thermal Imagery of Cloud Base in Tornadic Supercells". Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 23, n.º 11 (1 de noviembre de 2006): 1445–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech1942.1.
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Abstract During the spring seasons of 2003 and 2004, an infrared thermal camera was deployed in and around supercell thunderstorms in an attempt to retrieve the temperature at the cloud base of a mesocyclone prior to tornadogenesis. The motivation for this exercise was to obtain temperature information that might indicate the thermal structure, timing, and extent of the rear-flank downdraft (RFD) and possibly elucidate its relationship to tornadogenesis. An atmospheric transmissivity study was conducted to account for the effects of atmospheric transmission on the measured temperatures, and to determine an ideal range of distances from which infrared images of a wall cloud or a tornado could be safely captured while still retrieving accurate cloud temperatures. This range was found to be 1.5–3 km. Two case days are highlighted in which the infrared camera was deployed within 1.5–3 km of a tornado; the visible and infrared images are shown side by side for comparison. On the single occasion on which the tornadogenesis phase was captured, the infrared images show no strong horizontal temperature gradients. From the infrared images taken of tornadoes, it can be inferred that the infrared signal from the tornado consisted primarily of infrared emissions from lofted dust particles or cloud droplets, and that the infrared signal from the tornado condensation funnel was easily obscured by infrared emissions from lofted dust particles or intervening precipitation curtains. The deployment of the infrared camera near supercell thunderstorms and the analysis of the resulting images proved challenging. It is concluded that the infrared camera is a useful tool for measuring cloud-base temperature gradients provided that distance and viewing angle constraints are met and that the cloud base is unobscured by rain or other intervening infrared emission sources. When these restrictions were met, the infrared camera successfully retrieved horizontal temperature gradients along the cloud base and vertical temperature gradients (close to the moist adiabatic lapse rate) along the tornado funnel.
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Hollingshead, David. "Neko Case and the Molecular Turn". GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 25, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 2019): 617–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10642684-7767809.
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Few contemporary artists channel the utopian impulses of the nonhuman turn with more creative energy than Neko Case. In her work, the untraceable movements of poisonous gases, the uncanny desires of tornadoes, and the recalcitrant withdrawal of subatomic particles envision an array of transits, elusions, and exit strategies so often denied to the subjects whose bodies, trajectories, and affective lives are policed by the regulatory cultural and institutional forces endemic to heteronormative biocapitalism, particularly poor and marginalized women. Drawing on recent scholarship in feminist new materialism as well as its critics, this essay considers the implications of these imaginings. On the one hand, the modes of agency that Case’s songs invoke frequently entail a circumvention or suppression of specific political interests, making them susceptible to antifeminist and settler-colonialist appropriations; on the other hand, her work potentially offers a vision of the political that refuses to take human action as the inevitable starting point for its theories of power and domination, an increasingly urgent task in an age of ecological catastrophe, when the lives of earth’s most vulnerable gendered and racialized subjects are irreducibly enmeshed in precarious planetary networks of biodependencies that include the actions of microbes, tornadoes, and atoms alike. In Case’s most original compositions, a reductionist materialism attendant to the agency of the nonhuman complements rather than forecloses an older materialist tradition insistent on antagonism between conflicting interest groups as the motor engine of history and the social.
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Friedrich, Katja, Stephanie Higgins, Forrest J. Masters y Carlos R. Lopez. "Articulating and Stationary PARSIVEL Disdrometer Measurements in Conditions with Strong Winds and Heavy Rainfall". Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 30, n.º 9 (1 de septiembre de 2013): 2063–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-12-00254.1.
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Abstract The influence of strong winds on the quality of optical Particle Size Velocity (PARSIVEL) disdrometer measurements is examined with data from Hurricane Ike in 2008 and from convective thunderstorms observed during the second Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX2) in 2010. This study investigates an artifact in particle size distribution (PSD) measurements that has been observed independently by six stationary PARSIVEL disdrometers. The artifact is characterized by a large number concentration of raindrops with large diameters (>5 mm) and unrealistic fall velocities (<1 m s−1). It is correlated with high wind speeds and is consistently observed by stationary disdrometers but is not observed by articulating disdrometers (instruments whose sampling area is rotated into the wind). The effects of strong winds are further examined with a tilting experiment, in which drops are dripped through the PARSIVEL sampling area while the instrument is tilted at various angles, suggesting that the artifact is caused by particles moving at an angle through the sampling area. Most of the time, this effect occurs when wind speed exceeds 20 m s−1, although it was also observed when wind speed was as low as 10 m s−1. An alternative quality control is tested in which raindrops are removed when their diameters exceed 8 mm and they divert from the fall velocity–diameter relationship. While the quality control does provide more realistic reflectivity values for the stationary disdrometers in strong winds, the number concentration is reduced compared to the observations with an articulating disdrometer.
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Spineanu, F. y M. Vlad. "Field theoretical prediction of a property of the tropical cyclone". Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics Discussions 1, n.º 1 (20 de enero de 2014): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npgd-1-1-2014.
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Abstract. The large scale atmospheric vortices (tropical cyclones, tornadoes) are complex physical systems combining thermodynamics and fluid-mechanical processes. The late phase of the evolution towards stationarity consists of the vorticity concentration, a well known tendency to self-organization , an universal property of the two-dimensional fluids. It may then be expected that the stationary state of the tropical cyclone has the same nature as the vortices of many other systems in nature: ideal (Euler) fluids, superconductors, Bose–Einsetin condensate, cosmic strings, etc. Indeed it was found that there is a description of the atmospheric vortex in terms of a classical field theory. It is compatible with the more conventional treatment based on conservation laws, but the field theoretical model reveals properties that are almost inaccessible to the conventional formulation: it identifies the stationary states as being close to self-duality. This is of highest importance: the self-duality is known to be the origin of all coherent structures known in natural systems. Therefore the field theoretical (FT) formulation finds that the cuasi-coherent form of the atmospheric vortex (tropical cyclone) at stationarity is an expression of this particular property. In the present work we examine a strong property of the tropical cyclone, which arises in the FT formulation in a natural way: the equality of the masses of the particles associated to the matter field and respectively to the gauge field in the FT model is translated into the equality between the maximum radial extension of the tropical cyclone and the Rossby radius. For the cases where the FT model is a good approximation we calculate characteristic quantities of the tropical cyclone and find good comparison with observational data.
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Kalmus, Peter, Brian H. Kahn, Sean W. Freeman y Susan C. van den Heever. "Trajectory-Enhanced AIRS Observations of Environmental Factors Driving Severe Convective Storms". Monthly Weather Review 147, n.º 5 (25 de abril de 2019): 1633–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-18-0055.1.
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Abstract We investigate environmental factors of severe convective weather using temperature and moisture retrievals from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) that lie along parcel trajectories traced from tornado, large hail, and severe wind producing events in the central United States. We create AIRS proximity soundings representative of the storm environment by calculating back trajectories from storm times and locations at levels throughout the troposphere, using the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model forced with the 32-km North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) and 12-km North American Mesoscale Forecast System (NAM12). The proximity soundings are calculated for severe weather events including tornadoes, hail ≥2 in. diameter, and wind gusts >65 mph (29 m s−1) specified in the NCEI Storm Events database. Box-and-whisker diagrams exhibit more realistic values of enhanced convective available potential energy (CAPE) and suppressed convective inhibition (CIN) relative to conventional “nearest neighbor” (NN) soundings; however, differences in lifting condensation level (LCL), level of free convection (LFC), and significant tornado parameter (STP) from the HYSPLIT-adjusted back traced soundings are more similar to NN soundings. This methodology should be extended to larger swaths of soundings, and to other operational infrared sounders, to characterize the large-scale environment in severe convective events.
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Nedostrelova, L., V. Chumachenko y V. Nedostrelov. "A study of the statistical characteristics of integrated energy transfers to the blocking process". Physical Geography and Geomorphology 89, n.º 1 (2018): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/phgg.2018.1.14.
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Thunderstorm is an atmospheric phenomenon that manifests itself in the form of electrical discharges in cumulonimbus clouds of lightning. Usually, lightning arise between the surfaces of the earth and the clouds. Sometimes electric flashes can go inside the cloud. At the same time on Earth there are about one and a half thousand thunderstorms, the average intensity of discharges is estimated at 46 zips per second. On the surface of the planet thunderstorms are distributed unevenly. Above the ocean thunderstorm is observed about ten times less than over continents. In the tropical and subtropical zone, about 78% of all bursts of lightning are concentrated. The maximum thunderstorm activity is in Central Africa. The intensity of thunderstorms follows the sun: the maximum of thunderstorms is observed in the summer (in medium latitudes) and in the afternoon. The minimum of registered thunderstorms falls on time before sunrise. Storm in Ukraine is constantly happening even in the winter months. They are especially dangerous in the steppe zone, the strikes of lightning strike all that, at least slightly rising above the grass or shrub. Lightning - an electrical discharge between the clouds or between the cloud and the earth. Inthe process of formation of rainfall in the cloud, the electrification of droplets or ice particles occurs. As a result of strong upward flow of air in the cloud, separate regions are formed, charged with different charges. When the intensity of the electric field in the cloud or between the lower charged region and the ground reaches a breakdown value, lightning arises. In such a weather, there are stormy clouds. As a rule, this event is accompanied by thunder, shower, hail and strong wind. The high density of settlements and agro-industrial facilities in the south of Ukraine, the intensity of air transportation at the international airport of Odessa and the construction of high-rise buildings require increased attention to prevent the devastating effects of natural hydrometeorological phenomena. One of the most dangerous HMAs for a society's life is a variety of convective phenomena, that is, showers, thunderstorms, hailstones, squalls, and tornadoes. They significantly affect the life, health and economic activity of man. For example, the defeat of people, aircraft with lightning, radio interference, interruptions in electrical supply - this is not a complete list of negative factors associated with thunderstorms. The purpose of the work was to study lightning activity at the Odessa airfield for 2013-2017 years. Daily observation of atmospheric phenomena was used as the source data for the study.
Tesis sobre el tema "Tornadoes Particles"
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Pelc, Benjamin Jamie. "Development and performance of robust particle image velocimetry algorithms and investigation of a model tornado-like vortex : kinematics and proper orthogonal decomposition". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13619/.
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In the study of fluid flows experimentally obtained data is of importance due to the complex nature of modelling complex fluid flows computationally. Most flows of academic or industrial interest are turbulent, requiring complex experimental methods to capture meaningful data. Currently the dominant method of experimentally obtaining fluid flow data is Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The first part of this study focuses on evaluating cross-correlation based PIV vector calculation algorithms. Algorithms are tested against synthetic images depicting Oseen vortex flow enabling calculated and exact displacements to be compared. Image parameters are varied to investigate the sensitivities of each algorithm to each parameter. The methods evaluated are standard cross-correlation, multigrid (MGRID), the products of adjacent correlation functions (CBC), particle image deformation (PID) and an original method combining PID methods and CBC methods. The new method is shown to return displacement vectors with a reduced level of error compared to existing methods, especially in regions of high spatial velocity gradients. The second part of this study focuses on recording and evaluating experimentally obtained fluid flow data. One of the most important flow features within turbulence is the vortex, to investigate vortex flow a laboratory tornado-like vortex generator was created from which PIV data could be obtained. Velocity vectors were extracted for varying flow configurations showing the impact of swirl ratio on vortex characteristics such as variability and precession of the vortex as well as the internal vortex structure. The methods developed for quantifying this variability give a greater ability to understand the bulk and internal vortex dynamics for swirling flows. Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, a correlation based method for extracting coherent structures is applied to the tornado-like flow to further show the underlying dynamics of the variations within the vortex flow and its spatial precession. Temporal characteristics of the tornado-like vortex are also investigated using velocity vectors obtained from high-speed PIV.
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Dwivedi, Ravindra. "Art Directable Tornadoes". Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-05-9417.
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Tornado simulations in the visual effects industry have always been an interesting problem. Developing tools to provide more control over such effects is an important and challenging task. Current methods to achieve these effects use either particle systems or fluid simulation. Particle systems give a lot of control over the simulation but do not take into account the fluid characteristics of tornadoes. The other method which involves fluid simulation models the fluid behavior accurately but does not give control over the simulation. In this thesis, a novel method to model tornado behavior is presented. A tool based on this method was also created. The method proposed in this thesis uses a hybrid approach that combines the flexibility of particle systems while producing interesting swirling motions inherent in the fluids. The main focus of the research is on providing easy-to-use controls for art directors to help them achieve the desired look of the simulation effectively. A variety of controls is provided which include the overall shape, path, rotation, debris, surface, swirling motion, and interaction with the environment. The implementation was done in Houdini, which is a 3D animation software whose node based system allows an algorithmic approach to the problem and integrates well with the current tools. The tool allows the user to create animations that reflect the visual characteristics of real tornadoes. The usefulness of the tool was evaluated among participants who had some experience in 3D animation software. The results from the simulation and evaluation feedback reveal that the tool successfully allowed the users to create tornadoes of their choice efficiently.
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Liang, Yu-Shuo y 梁育碩. "The Simulation of Tornadoes : Using Maya Particle System". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51764785852670463953.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
建築系
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Tornado is a complicated, furious, changeable, and destructive phenomenon in natural world. In the study of animation visual effect, it is usually used for a VFX sample because of its special animation and visual characteristics. This research focuses on generalizing the main types, appearances and movements of the tornado, and trying to make the visual effects approaching real ones with the 3D software. The essence of the tornado is a turbulent atmospheric phenomenon. However, fluid effect, which is suitable for presenting moving fluid, needs more time to get the result. Currently, normal visual effects usually simulate with the particle system. In the process of trying to simulate a tornado with Maya particle system, the research would focus on some important characteristics of particle system such as particles, emitters, fields, etc. It would also expand into the setting of render and process of visual composition. Then, it would find out the bottlenecks and discuss. Finally, it would indicate the problems and conclude our suggestion of making effects with the particle system.
Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Tornadoes Particles"
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Ozalp, Nesrin y Anoop Kanjirakat. "A CFD Study on the Effect of Carbon Particle Seeding for the Improvement of Solar Reactor Performance". En ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90326.
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With the increasing concern of CO2 emissions and climate change, efforts have grown to include solar technologies in chemical processes to manufacture products that can be used both as a commodity and as a fuel, such as hydrogen. This study focuses on a technique, referred to as “solar cracking” of natural gas for the co-production of hydrogen and carbon as byproduct with zero emission footprint via the following reaction: CH4→C(s)+2H2(g). However, some portion of the incoming solar energy absorbed by the cavity greatly exceeds the surface absorption of the inner walls because of multiple internal reflections. Studies have shown that by seeding the reactor with micron-sized carbon particles, methane conversion improves drastically due to the radiation absorbed by the carbon particles and additional nucleation sites formed by carbon particles for heterogeneous decomposition reaction. This can maintain more heat at the core and can reduce the carbon deposits on the reactor walls. Present study numerically tries to investigate the above fact by tracking carbon particles in a Lagrangian frame-work. Initially, the numerical model is validated qualitatively by comparing the particle deposition on reactor window with the experimental observations. Effect of particle loading, particle emissivity, injection point location, and effect of using different window screening gases on a flow and temperature distribution inside a confined tornado flow reactor are studied. It is observed that the methane conversion substantially increases by particle seeding. The results of this research can be used in thermo-chemical reactor design.
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Refan, Maryam, Horia Hangan y Kamran Siddiqui. "Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements of Tornado-Like Flow Field in Model WindEEE Dome". En ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-22052.
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The flow field of tornado vortices simulated in the 1/11 scaled model of the Wind Engineering, Energy and Environment (WindEEE) Dome is characterized. Particle Image Velocimetry measurements were performed to investigate the flow dynamics for a wide range of Swirl ratios (0.12≤S≤1.29) and at various heights above the surface. It is shown that this simulator is capable of generating a wide variety of tornado like vortices ranging from a single-celled laminar vortex to a multi-celled turbulent vortex. Radial profiles of the tangential velocity demonstrated a clear variation in the experimental values with height at and after the touch-down of the breakdown bubble. Also, the comparison between experimental tangential velocities and the Rankine model estimations resulted in good agreement at only the upper levels (Z>0.35). Radial velocity values close to the surface rose as the swirl increased which is mainly due to the intensified tangential velocities in that region. In addition, variation of the radial velocity with height is more noticeable for higher swirls which can be explained by the flow regime being fully turbulent for S≥ 0.57.
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Shilapuram, Vidyasagar y Nesrin Ozalp. "Carbon Catalyzed Methane Decomposition for Enhanced Solar Thermal Cracking". En ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54644.
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This study presents thermal decomposition of methane, laden with two activated charcoal samples, namely Fluka 05105 and Fluka 05120, which were used laden with methane in a vortex flow solar reactor and seeded in a tornado flow solar reactor. Previously, we presented our thermo gravimetric experiment results on the carbon-hydrogen reaction to show whether the injected carbon particles react with the formed hydrogen. In this work, we expanded our thermogravimetric analysis to study carbon-methane reaction at various concentrations of methane feed gas to study the favorable effect of carbon laden flow experiments for catalytic methane decomposition. Results were analyzed to discuss the threshold temperature, ultimate mass gain, average hydrogen production, amount of carbon formed, type of carbon sample, and concentration of methane in the feed gas. It is observed that average hydrogen production rate is increased with an increase in the methane volume fraction in the feed gas. Higher hydrogen and carbon production is observed when Fluka 05105 is used. For different partial pressures of methane, different ultimate mass gain is observed.
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Chowdhury, Junayed, Jubayer Chowdhury, Dan Parvu, Mohammad Karami y Horia Hangan. "Wind Flow Characteristics of a Model Downburst". En ASME 2018 5th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2018-83443.
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Downburst is an anti-tornado system with a slow rotating column of air slowly descending towards the ground which occurs due to the sudden downfall of air and precipitation generated from the cumulonimbus cloud. This natural event produces a strong downdraft which induces an outburst of damaging winds on or near the ground. This radially divergent wind with high velocity transpires when descending air strikes the ground which can cause immense damage to the ground mounted objects and structures. This paper discusses the wind flow characteristics of downbursts produced in the Wind Engineering, Energy and Environment (WindEEE) Dome at Western University, Canada. Downdraft diameter and speed were varied to produce several downbursts like flow. Point measurements using Cobra probes and surface measurements using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) were performed to analyze the wind flow field in detail. Instantaneous downburst wind speeds were decomposed into slowly varying mean and residual fluctuations for different averaging time. Velocity profile with height from WindEEE was compared with previous experiments and full scale data.