Tesis sobre el tema "Touristic discourse"

Ce travail vise à étudier les modes de présence du sujet et les degrés de la subjectivité dans les discours de voyage concernant la ville d’Istanbul. Nous nous proposons d’aborder la question de la présence dans les discours de voyage en analysant trois types de discours (les récits de voyage, les carnets de voyage et les guides touristiques) à l’aide de la sémiotique de l’énonciation, la sémiotique de la présence et la sémiotique visuelle. Le corps en tant que sujet énonçant peut être étudié dans la perspective de l’énonciation et en tant que sujet percevant peut être analysé dans la ligne de la perception. En partant de cette double fonction du corps, nous nous proposons d’étudier les marques de la subjectivité dans les discours de voyage à travers le sujet énonçant et le sujet percevant. Dans ce travail, nous observerons les styles énonciatifs qui précisent la place du sujet énonciateur, les différents rôles et les modes de saisies de l’énonciateur en tant qu’observateur. En outre, nous nous interrogerons sur les formes de présence de la « ville », autrement dit, sur la participation de la sensorialité (sujet) à la construction figurative de l’espace (objet). À part les stratégies énonciatives, le rapport texte-image, la contribution des différentes techniques de représentation (photo, dessin, carte) à l’instauration du sens seront étudiées dans le cadre de ce travail. Ces analyses concernant l’énonciation, la perception, la figurativité et la structure polysémiotique nous permettront de définir les caractéristiques sémiotiques de ces genres de discours
This work aims to study the modes of presence of the subject and the degree of subjectivity in the discourses of travel concerning the city of Istanbul. We propose to address the issue of the presence in the discourse of travel by analyzing three types of discourse (the travel texts, travel notebooks and tourist guides) with the help of semiotics of the enunciation, the semiotics of presence and visual semiotics. The body as a enunciating subject can be studied in the perspective of enunciation and as a perceiving subject can be analyzed in the line of perception. Based on this dual function of the body, we propose to study the marks of subjectivity in the discourses of travel through the enunciating subject and the perceiving subject. In this work, we will observe the enunciation styles which specify the place of the enunciating subject, the different roles and input modes of the enunciator as an observer. In addition, we will examine the forms of presence of the "city", in other words, the participation of the sensoriality (subject) to the representational construction of space (object). Aside from enunciation strategies, the text-image relation, the contribution of different techniques of representation (photography, drawing, map) to the establishment of meaning will be considered in this work. These analysis concerning the enunciation, the perception, the figurativity and polysemiotic structure allow us to define the characteristics of these types of discourse

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The body of the semi nude Brazilian woman was interdicted in the Brazilian official touristic propaganda, as a way to potentialize the campaigns against the sexual tourism, but this interdiction was not observed in the discourse on Brazilian Carnival, as seen the continuous super exposition of the woman semi nude body in Carnival parades. The general purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the bringing problem, or in other words, to analyze why the nudity of the Brazilian woman body is interdicted in the discourse of the institutional touristic propaganda and the same does not occur in this gender as dealing with Carnival. The specific purposes are: (i) to analyze the action of biopolitical on the body through the meaning effects produced by the relationship between the linguistic and imagetic materialism; (ii) to verify the relationships of power which are established between the revindication, the maintenance, the transformation and the crystallization of identities; (iii) to describe the discursive happenings that helped the changes in the production of knowing the provoked the nudity interdiction of the Brazilian woman body; (iv) to investigate about the disciplinary and control dispositive, above all the interdiction, that act on the body presented in the propagandas; (v) to discuss the intericonicidade (the echoes of the image) in the materiality of the purposed discourse above the perspective of Historical Semiology; (vi) to analyze about the governmentalization in the rules of woman body; (vii) to verify why in the heterotopic space of Carnival the body is not interdicted. As a support to a theoretical foundation, we used the Discourse Analysis (AD), from the ideas of Michel Pêcheux and, above all, the contributions of the works of Michel Foucault, beyond to have a support of the studies realized by Jean-Jacques Courtine on the body and the Historical Semiology of image. Methodologically, the research is characterized as documental and bibliographical, of descriptive and interpretative character. To the corpus analyzing, the arqueogenealogical method of Michel Foucault is used, which is able to dig, of the history, the conditions of possibilities which permit the emergency of discourses, to the analyses of irruption of happenings, of the roles of discursive structures and of ruptures in the memory nets. The corpus is composed by thirty official touristic propagandas of Brazil produced by Brazilian Institute of Tourism (EMBRATUR), in a time memory that goes from the decade of 1970 till the year of 2015. In the results of the research, it was verified that the Carnival is a heterotopic space of passage, due this the nudity is permitted in time and in Carnival space, this is, the systems of control, above all the interdiction, that over whelm every rule of diary life, are revoked during the Carnival, and this permitting holds, inclusive, the discourse of Brazilian official touristic propaganda.
O corpo seminu da mulher brasileira foi interditado na propaganda turística oficial brasileira, como forma de potencializar as campanhas contra o turismo sexual, porém não foi observada essa interdição no discurso sobre o Carnaval brasileiro, tendo em vista a contínua superexposição do corpo seminu da mulher em desfiles carnavalescos. O objetivo geral desta dissertação é analisar o problema elencado, ou em outras palavras, analisar por que a nudez do corpo da mulher brasileira é interditada no discurso da propaganda turística institucional e o mesmo não ocorre nesse gênero quando se trata do Carnaval. Os objetivos específicos são: (i) analisar a ação da biopolítica sobre o corpo através dos efeitos de sentido produzidos pela relação entre as materialidades linguística e imagética; (ii) verificar as relações de poder que se estabelecem no embate entre a reivindicação, a manutenção, a transformação e a cristalização de identidades; (iii) descrever os acontecimentos discursivos que favoreceram a mudança na produção de saber que provocou a interdição da nudez do corpo da mulher brasileira; (iv) investigar sobre os dispositivos disciplinares e de controle, sobretudo a interdição, que agem sobre o corpo apresentado nas propagandas; (v) discutir a intericonicidade (os ecos da imagem) na materialidade do discurso em pauta sob a perspectiva da Semiologia Histórica; (vi) analisar sobre a governamentalidade na normatização do corpo da mulher; (vii) verificar por que no espaço heterotópico carnavalesco o corpo não é interditado. Utiliza-se, para isso, os pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Análise do Discurso (AD), a partir das ideias de Michel Pêcheux e, sobretudo, das contribuições dos trabalhos de Michel Foucault, além de se apoiar nos estudos realizados por Jean-Jacques Courtine acerca do corpo e da Semiologia Histórica da imagem. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa caracteriza-se como documental e bibliográfica, de caráter descritivo e interpretativo. Para a análise do corpus, utiliza-se do método arqueogenealógico de Michel Foucault (2012a), que é capaz de escavar, da história, as condições de possibilidade que permitem a emergência de discursos, a partir da análise da irrupção dos acontecimentos, das regras das formações discursivas e das rupturas nas redes de memória. O corpus é composto por trinta propagandas turísticas oficiais do Brasil produzidas pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Turismo (EMBRATUR), em um recorte temporal que vai desde a década de 1970 até o ano de 2015. Dentre os resultados da pesquisa, constatou-se que o Carnaval é um espaço heterotópico de passagem, por isso a nudez é permitida no tempo e no espaço carnavalesco, ou seja, os sistemas de controle, sobretudo a interdição, que perpassam toda a ordem da vida cotidiana, são revogados durante o Carnaval, e essa permissividade abrange, inclusive, o discurso da propaganda turística oficial brasileira.

The purpose of this study is to interrogate how the official tourism websites of Jakarta, represent the tourism and culture of Jakarta; and to understand how those tourism discourses form a part of wider social processes, and social practices. The investigation uses Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to examine the contents of both texts and visual images, and interpret how they reflect Jakarta’s tourist resources. Societal analysis focuses on explanations of social discourses surrounding interpretations of the data. The study found through the visual images and the texts, that Jakarta was represented as both traditional and modern. Several concepts drawn from the postcolonial literature were used to explore the traditional and modern representation of Jakarta namely exoticism, cultural hybridity and mimicry, primitivism, and authenticity. In addition, notions of self-Orientalism and issues of gender emerged in the analysis of these representations. The exoticisation of Jakarta was represented in the content, structure and practice of traditional foods; traditional clothing of Jakarta; in the traditional dances of Jakartans, and the traditional street theatre. Cultural hybridity was relevant in that those traditional performing arts were influenced by Chinese and European cultures. The representation of native people on Jakarta’s websites related to the concept of primitivism. The concept of authenticity was problematised for example in the representation of the Selamat Datang monument, the patung Pancoran, and the National monument as authentic city properties. The concept of self-Orientalism was applied here, where Jakartan females were represented iii as inferior and in dependent relationships with men, confirming Orientalist stereotypes of Asian women. The study also found the concept of cultural mimicry and hybridity in the representation of Jakarta as modern, such as shopping malls, amusement parks, and spa treatments. From the discussion, there were also some wider social issues which arose from the representation of traditional elements of Jakarta’s culture. That is, to meet tourists’ needs the originality of the traditional foods of Jakarta, such as Kerak Telor was changed. Similarly, the effects of Ondel-ondel or traditional street theatre of Jakarta being used to meet the tourists’ demands, is over exploitation. However, the study revealed that there was no significant social impact of the representation of Jakarta as modern. Another important finding emerging from the study is that the official websites are more powerful compared to other online forms of information about a destination. It was because the official website is government owned, so, it appears to be credible; it also allowed the Tourism Board to use several techniques to represent the destination, such as the use of the story telling method and multimodal discourses, such as texts, photos, videos, or logos.

While the importance of English as a lingua franca (ELF) in business and the media is well-studied, little attention has been paid to ELF in tourism. This study analyzes postings on websites such as TripAdvisor (http://www.tripadvisor.com/), which feature non-professional reviews of international travel destinations and services, in order to evaluate the effects of cultural capital, stereotypes and relative power on: expectations of English availability in non-English speaking countries, evaluation of the language spoken by EFL speakers (e.g. hotel clerks, shop owners), and attitudes towards speaking the local language.This study explores the issue of speech accommodation between the tourists and the local hospitality industry workers and other residents (Giles, Taylor, and Bourhis, 1973; Giles, Coupland, and Coupland, 1991; Giles and Powesland, 1997) and the likely factors leading to convergence/divergence as indicated by attitudes towards language choices. Website excerpts will show the circumstances in which travelers expect the locals (who deal with tourists) to speak English as well as how much of the local language the travelers are willing to learn and use.Findings indicate that the tourists' willingness to take responsibility for linguistic accommodation, tolerance for restricted English proficiency levels, and attitudes towards being exposed to the local culture and language differ according to the presumed cultural capital (Bourdieu, 1986, 1991; Hanks, 2005) - often governed by stereotypes - and relative power of the interlocutors, the visited location and the local language. The role of ELF in the tourism sector and attitudes toward the local residents and language(s) are highly relativized, such that the specificity of the local context must be taken into account. Proficiency in the English language itself is, in some locations, the source of presumed higher status and symbolic of luxury. The second important dynamic demonstrated to affect the levels and type of language expectation is the degree to which the traveler desires interaction with and exposure to the local culture, or wants to stay with familiar experiences in an "environmental bubble" (Cohen and Cooper, 1986). The differences in expectation of ELF demonstrate that traveler attitudes towards specific locations are key to determining linguistic needs.

This thesis is an anthropological study of consumption and self-construction on the Greek tourist island of Mykonos. The ethnographic material is collected from informants/agents of an, initially, heterogeneous cultural background and with a highly individualistic discourse, who, paradoxically, form a group. The identity of this new Mykonian group of exogenous 'locals' is self-created and draws on several 'local' myths. Therefore, the ethnography concentrates on the discursive making of these myths. The characteristic all these myths share is that they revolve around a common theme: symbolic 'otherness'. This discursive otherness, is initially reflected in the emerging myth of the cosmopolitan place in which it is performed, the place-myth of Mykonos. But symmetrically in our case, the myth of the place, counter-reflects the myth of its subjects. A series of invented 'heroes' gradually prospers in the mythical space of 'otherness': first the reckless, unorthodox locals; then the eccentric 'first visitors' followed by the alternative groups of the seventies, the subcultural groups of the eighties and the tribestyles of the nineties. The myth of this spatial 'otherness', apart from the peculiar groupings which it simultaneously attracts and creates, is also a propagator of self- myths. The thesis explores the construction of selves and communities through their consumption patterns, manipulation of aesthetics, invented rituals and a distinctive set of social practices, but primarily through their discursive otherness. The myth of the idiosyncratic space is echoed in the myth of their unclassified and fetishised selves. Nevertheless, the 'anarchic' property of the space is its only consistent pattern and, in turn, a source of communal identity. The discourse of locality that stems out of these 'mythologies' celebrates a highly subjective pattern of aesthetic 'otherness'. The bonding of all these myths lies precisely in their taste for 'difference'. The fetishisation of the self reflects upon the fetishisation of space; as much as, the fetishisation of space reflects upon the fetishisation of the self.

Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第19942号
人博第794号
新制||人||191(附属図書館)
33028
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生文明学専攻
(主査)教授 前川 玲子, 教授 Hayashi Brian Masaru, 教授 中嶋 節子
学位規則第4条第1項該当

This study is about how Harlem--an ethnically diverse community regarded by many as a primary site of the African American Experience--is represented in the online tourism domain. More specifically, it is about identifying loci of value in the content of online tourist reviews which contribute to a color-blind and politically sanitizing discourse about Harlem that reinforces a neoliberal understanding of Harlem as an underdeveloped economic frontier. Tourism has been identified by New York policy makers to be a way to generate revenue in culturally diverse, low-income areas, and especially in Harlem. In order for tourism to be successful, a neighborhood needs to be considered a place that can offer tourists a valuable experience. Online reviews, particularly those on social media sites, are becoming increasingly influential within the tourism industry because of their influence with consumers, who regularly consult them to guide purchasing decisions. This study examines online reviews of a prominent Harlem tourism company as a way to analyze the valuating discourse needed to keep tourists coming back to the community. What do reviewers find valuable during the tour? And what elements of the tour are responsible for producing value for tourists? These questions are investigated using a four-step qualitative approach to analyzing online tourist reviews on TripAdvisor.com posted about Harlem Heritage Tours.
Master of Science

La chute des murs et la mondialisation ont engagé de nouveaux pays à s’ouvrir au développement de leur secteur touristique. Au cœur des Balkans, l’Albanie, un pays ex-communiste, peu connue, voire totalement méconnue, représente à la fois une destination et un objet de recherche en angle mort en sciences sociales, un territoire laboratoire singulièrement stimulant pour rendre compte des modalités d’une « (re) mise en tourisme » dans un contexte d’économie de marché éminemment concurrentiel et ce, dans le plus vieux bassin touristique du monde. Ayant connue aux XIXème-XXème siècles ses voyages de découvertes et d’explorations, ses modernités touristiques avant la clôture de l’ère d’Enver Hoxha (1944-1991) interrompant l’évolution touristique, qu’ont en revanche ont connu ses voisins, l’Albanie sera confrontée à ses propres faiblesses en matière du développement touristique au XXIème siècle. Cette recherche vise à explorer l’épaisseur historique des pratiques touristiques - dans les contextes politiques successifs, permettant de pister depuis le XIXème siècle les éléments constitutifs qui ont progressivement fabriqué les lieux, les images et les discours d’une « Albanie touristique », constituant la matière d’une offre touristique aujourd’hui mobilisée par une pluralité d’acteurs et de ministères du Tourisme. S’appuyant sur une approche privilégiant un plan chronologique diachronique à travers des continuités et des perdurations du discours, ce travail dévoile la construction des premières représentations des voyageurs en Albanie au début du XIXème siècle, afin de dévoiler l’image et la communication touristique albanaise à la fois ancienne et contemporaine, s’appuyant sur une analyse textuelle et iconographique des guides touristiques et d’autres supports de communication. Tandis qu’une analyse quantitative par questionnaire mobilisant des images et des lieux permet de connaitre les représentations et les pratiques touristiques de la jeunesse albanaise au XXIème siècle, mettant l’accent sur des spécificités à travers un processus de construction et d’inversion des valeurs
The fall of walls and globalization have appointed new countries to open to the development of their tourism sector. At the heart of the Balkans, Albania, a former communist country, little known, even completely unknown, present both a destination and a blind spot in social sciences topic researches, a singularly challenging laboratory territory in terms of "(re) development of tourism" in a highly competitive market economy context and, this one, in the oldest tourist area in the world. Knowing during the 19-20th centuries her discovery and exploration travels, her tourist modernity’s before the Enver Hoxha’s era (1944-1991), which interrupted tourist development, that however have experienced its neighbors, Albania will face to his own weaknesses in terms of tourism development in the 21th century. This research aims to explore the historical density tourism practices - in successive political systems, to track since the nineteenth century the elements that have gradually created places, images and discourses of a "touristic Albania", constituting the material of a tourist offer, mobilized today by a plurality of actors and tourism ministries. Based on an approach considering a chronological diachronic approach through continuities and loss of discourse, this research reveals the construction of the first representations of travelers to Albania in the early 19th century, in order to present the image and Albanian tourism communication, both ancient and contemporary, based on a textual and iconographic analysis of tourist guides and new communication media. Representations and tourism practices of the Albanian youth in the 21th century, mobilized in a quantitative analysis by questionnaire focused in characteristics and construction through a process of the inversion of values

Denna uppsats ämnar till att skapa insikt och kunskap kring turistiska diskurser rörande natur, genom att undersöka vilka bilder och representationer kring natur i de svenska nationalparkerna som framhävs i turistbroschyrer, hur människa-natur-relationer framställs men även vilka implikationer det kan framkalla. Med ett avgränsat fokus på nio nationalparker som uppfyller kriterierna av fjällkaraktär eller inbegriper renskötande samebyar. Genom en visuell diskursanalys som metod har turistbroschyrernas bilder, texter och kartor analyserats med applicering av Foucaults diskursperspektiv där makt, kunskap och sanning är centrala begrepp. Resultatet denna studie påvisar är att de diskursiva formationerna består av tre huvuddrag gällande naturen. Den framställs som något exotisk, externt, sublimt, orörd och förhistorisk, men även som en tillgänglig och romantiserad plats för just turisten ifråga samtidigt som naturen porträtteras som något speciellt för Sverige vilket då också symboliserar dess identitet. Turisten porträtteras även som tillfällig besökare, vars relation till naturen särskiljs från samers, vilka istället framställs som ”naturliga” sevärdheter för turisten. Allt som allt resulterar denna studie i ett igenfyllande av en kunskapslucka gällande olika praktikers framställande av representationer kring svenska nationalparker, samtidigt som den påvisar liknande representationer som tidigare studier resulterat i.
This essay aims to create insight and knowledge about tourist discourses regarding nature, by examining which images and representations about nature in the Swedish national parks that are highlighted in tourist brochures, how human-nature relations are produced, but also what implications it can induce. With a delimited focus on nine national parks that meet the criteria of mountain nature or include reindeer herding Sami villages. Through a visual discourse analysis as a method, the pictures, texts, and maps of the tourist brochures have been analyzed with the application of Foucault's discourse perspective where power, knowledge, and truth are central concepts. The result of this study is that the discursive formations consist of three main features of nature. It is presented as something exotic, externally, sublime, untouched, and prehistoric, but also as an accessible and romanticized place for the tourist, and at the same time as something special for Sweden, which symbolizes its identity. The tourist is portrayed as a temporary visitor, whose relation to nature is distinguished from Sami people, who instead are presented as "natural" attractions for the tourist. All in all, this study results in a refilling of a knowledge gap regarding the presentation of representations by various practitioners about Swedish national parks, while at the same time demonstrating similar representations that previous studies have resulted in.

L'objectif de cette étude est de comprendre comment circulent les imaginaires touristiques de la ville de Tanger à travers de sa trajectoire touristique. Le discours touristique sur la destination repose sur un imaginaire puissant de la ville qui configure des représentations hétérogènes héritées du passé de la ville qui s'est, très tôt, imposée comme ville-monde puis comme un haut-lieu littéraire du XIXème siècle. Le travail sur le décalage narratif dans les points de vue des divers acteurs en coprésence sur le territoire, et dans leur action urbanistique, révèlent les modes de consommation et de (re) production des imaginaires touristiques en vue de construire ou freiner la métropolisation de la ville postcoloniale. D'une part, la dynamique de l'action autour des patrimoines permet de comprendre le rôle du tourisme dans l'ancrage territorial d'imaginaires géographiques en déshérence. D'autre part, la conception des acteurs étatiques du projet urbain met en évidence la manière dont sont récupérées et aseptisées les images du tourisme dans l'élaboration de la relation de la ville au monde afin de l'intégrer à l'économie globale
The objective of this study is to understand how circulates the tourism imaginaries of the city of Tangier through its touristic trajectory. The tourism discourse on the destination rely on a powerful imaginary of the city which configures heterogeneous representations inherited from the past of the city which stood out, early, as city-world then as a literary top-place of the 19th century. The work on the narrative gap in the points of view of the diverse actors in copresence on the territory reveals the modes of consumption and of (re) production of the tourism imaginaries to build or slow down the metropolisation of the post­colonial city. On one band, the dynamics of the action around the heritages allows to understand the role of the tourism in the territorial anchoring of dormant geographical imaginaries. On the other band, the urban project conception by the state actors highlights the way are got back and disinfected the images of the tourism in the elaboration of the relation of the city to the world towards to integrate it into the global economy

Title: Values, Desirability and Ideology in CNN Travel -- a Discourse Analysis on Travel Stories Author: Emmi Laine Course: Journalistikvetenskap, Kandidatkurs, H13 J Kand (Bachelor of Journalism, Fall 2013), JMK, Stockholm University, Sweden Aim: The aim is to examine which values and ideologies CNN Travel fulfills in their stories. Method: Qualitative discourse analysis. Summary: This Bachelor ́s thesis asks what is desirable, which are the values of CNN Travel, the major U.S. news corporation CNN ́s online travel site. The question has been answered through a qualitative discourse analysis on 20 chosen travel stories, picked by their relevancy, diversity, and their expressive tone. Due to the limited space and the specific textual method, the analysis was restricted to the editorial texts of these stories. The chosen method was discourse analyst Norman Fairclough ́s model of evaluation, which revealed the explicit and implicit ways the media texts suggest desired characteristics. These linguistic devices took the readers ́ agreement for granted, as they imposed a shared cultural ground with common values, which is a base for a mutual understanding. After identifying the explicit and implicit evaluations, they were organized according to some major discursive themes found in the texts, and finally analyzed in order to expose their underlying values. The results showed how these certain values brought forth certain ideologies, to some extent in keeping with recent research of tourism and travel journalism. As the study has been put into a larger context of related research, the following pages will first explain some larger concepts of discourse analysis, such as representation, cultural stereotypes, ideology and power. A cross-section from older to more contemporary theories in culture studies has been utilized; moving from Edward Said ́s postcolonial classic Orientalism, an example of cultural stereotyping, to the more recent topics of ‘promotion culture’ and consumerism, and tourism researcher John Urry ́s ideas about the consumption of places and the ‘tourist gaze.’ In the end, the study considers what kind of power does travel journalism possess over the represented tourism destinations. Finally, when questioning the travel journalists ́ legitimacy and power to represent the travel destinations, poststructuralist Michel Foucault ́s theory about the ‘regime of truth,’ as well as Antonio Gramsci ́s ideas of ‘hegemony,’ theory of dominance through consent, were discussed and confirmed.

Cette recherche porte sur les influences du « printemps arabe » sur le discours touristique que nous abordons sous deux modalités argumentatives : la publicité touristique et la promotion touristique. Pour traiter cette problématique, nous avons collecté un corpus iconotextuel (texte + image) parmi des ressources médiatiques très variées diffusées entre 2011 et 2015 par deux pays représentatifs pour l’ampleur de leur activité touristique (Égypte et Tunisie). L’analyse de ce corpus part de l’hypothèse que les genres variés de notre corpus reposent sur une conception linguistique et visuelle relativement différente de l’information en fonction du genre et de la cible d’une part, et en fonction du soubassement culturel et psychosocial d’une image idéologique virtuelle complexe en adéquation avec la post-crise d’autre part. Le cadre théorique met en avant cette image virtuelle complexe sous la forme de « l’imagerie », concept psychosocial central dans la publicité et la promotion touristique grâce à sa capacité d’associer l’héritage culturel de représentations du passé avec les attentes, les rêves et les souhaits suscités par la future aventure touristique mise en promotion, esquissés dans cette imagerie. Le cadre théorique ancre l’imagerie dans différents genres de discours à partir de leurs dimensions constitutives comme les dimensions textuelle, sociopragmatique et matérielle, afin de dégager le processus linguistique mis en œuvre par le genre de discours responsable du contrat de lecture avec le destinataire et de la mobilisation du contenu culturel.La Tunisie et l’Égypte n’ont pas réagi de la même manière à l’impact du nouveau contexte post-crise problématique au niveau politique et sécuritaire. En effet, alors que l’Égypte s’est contentée de la reproduction classique de l’imagerie touristique fondée sur la variété de son héritage pharaonique, en écartant l’enjeu de l’évolution géopolitique du printemps en post-crise dans ses imageries, la Tunisie, pour sa part, a recouru à l’alliance de l’argumentation discursive et visuelle fondant une imagerie qui conjugue non seulement tradition et architecture mais aussi sécurité et modernité d’expériences touristiques intenses.De plus, le corpus tunisien s’est montré davantage ouvert à la créativité, par rapport au corpus égyptien, grâce à l’intégration de nouveaux genres très variés comme les articles d’actualités économique ou politique, la chronique littéraire, etc. dans sa promotion touristique non publicitaire. L’adaptation du contenu à la post-crise dans un éventail élargi de genres de discours, dont nous avons pu dégager les caractéristiques sémiolinguistiques grâce à une analyse menée à partir d’une grille conçue spécifiquement, a ensuite trouvé sa traduction didactique dans la proposition d’un module de Français sur Objectif spécifique (FOS) qui vise l’acquisition des compétences professionnelles particulières pour les futurs professionnels du tourisme de certains pays du Moyen-Orient dont le contexte sociolinguistique du français est similaire au contexte égyptien
This research focuses on the influences of the "Arab Spring" on the tourist discourse that we approach under two argumentative modalities: tourism advertising and tourism promotion. To deal with this issue, we have collected an iconotexual corpus (text + image) among media resources very varied, distributed between 2011 and 2015 by two representative countries for the scale of their tourism activity (Egypt and Tunisia).The analysis of this corpus is based on the assumption that the various speech genres of our corpus are based on a linguistic and visual conception that is relatively different from the information according to the speech genre and the target on the one hand, and according to the cultural underpinning and psychosocial of a complex virtual ideological image in adequacy with the post-crisis on the other hand. The theoretical framework puts forward this complex virtual image in the form of "imagery", a central psychosocial concept in advertising and tourism promotion thanks to its ability to associate the cultural heritage of representations of the past with expectations, dreams and the wishes aroused by the future tourist adventure put on display in this imagery. The theoretical framework anchors the imagery in different speech genres from their constituent dimensions as the textual, socio-physical and material dimensions in order to identify the linguistic process implemented by the speech genre responsible for the reading contract with the recipient and the mobilization of cultural content.Tunisia and Egypt have not responded in the same way to the impact of the new post-crisis political and security context. Indeed, while Egypt has been content with the classic reproduction of tourist imagery based on the variety of its pharaonic heritage by removing the issue of the geopolitical evolution of spring in post-crisis in its imagery, Tunisia, for its part, has resorted to the combination of discursive and visual argumentation founding an imagery that combines not only tradition and architecture but also the security and modernity of intense tourist experiences.In addition, the Tunisian corpus has been more open to creativity, compared to the Egyptian corpus, through the integration of new very varied genres such as economic or political news articles, literary chronicles, etc. The post-crisis adaptation of the content in a wider range of speech genres from which we have been able to identify the semiolinguistic characteristics through an analysis conducted from a specifically designed grid which has subsequently been translated into didactic translation in the proposal for a French module for Specific Objective (FSO) aimed at acquiring specific professional skills for future tourism professionals in certain Middle Eastern countries whose socio-linguistic context of French is similar to the Egyptian context

Este trabalho propõe uma problematização do segmento de Turismo LGBT, com base na análise dos mecanismos de interpelação que são responsáveis pela produção do sujeito LGBT como um turista LGBT. Para isso, assume o folheto promocional da campanha “¡TRAE TUS COLORES!” como a materialidade de onde oito sequências discursivas são tomadas para compor o corpus de análise. Esta campanha, apoiada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Turismo (EMBRATUR), promoveu o Brasil como um destino turístico LGBT em dezembro de 2014 nas cidades de Madrid e Valência, na Espanha. A análise do folheto promocional se filia aos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Análise de Discurso francesa teorizada por Michel Pêcheux, que articula conceitos oriundos de três campos teóricos: da Psicanálise, do Materialismo Histórico e da Linguística. Por isso, aproxima os conceitos de sujeito e ideologia para discutir os mecanismos pelos quais a ideologia interpela esses sujeitos, autorizando alguns sentidos ao seu desejo inconsciente e desautorizando outros. Este processo, responsável por identificar o sujeito e censurar o desejo, produz deslocamentos de ordem psíquica e física, interpretados aqui como a busca pela realização do desejo através das viagens. Assume, portanto, que a impossibilidade de tomar uma posição, bem como de inscrever o desejo, é o que promove o deslocamento do sujeito, a pesquisa faz um retorno no campo do turismo. Esse último, é aproximado da noção de espetáculo (DEBORD, 1997), da qual é possível perceber a fetichização do desejo do sujeito na garantia da alienação desse sujeito de sua própria condição. Em seguida, demonstra pela análise das sequências discursivas selecionadas, o processo de produção de sentidos a partir das formações imaginárias (PECHEUX, 2014a). No caminho descrito, o trabalho sugere pensar o Turismo como um aparelho ideológico de Estado (ALTHUSSER, 2003), pois funciona como um campo de reprodução da ideologia dominante, que é a ideologia da classe dominante, responsável por regular os discursos que falam de e para os sujeitos LGBT. Discursos sobre uma sexualidade estigmatizada, inclusive através do Turismo, mobilizada em torno do significante sexo e intrinsicamente imbricada no jogo de forças ideológico de dominação desses sujeitos.
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This work proposes a problematization of LGBT Tourism segment, based on analysis of the interpellation mechanisms that are responsible for produce the LGBT subject as a LGBT tourist. To do this, assume the promotional leaflet of the campaign "TRAE TUS COLORES!" as the materiality from which eight discursive sequences are taken to compose the analysis corpus. This campaign, supported by the Brazilian Tourism Institute (EMBRATUR), promoted Brazil as an LGBT tourist destination in December 2014 in the cities of Madrid and Valencia, Spain. The analysis of the promotional leaflet is affiliated to the theorical-methodological dipositive of French Discourse Analysis theorized by Michel Pêcheux, articulating concepts from three theoretical fields: Psychoanalysis, Historical Materialism and Linguistics. For that reason, approaches the concepts of subject and ideology to discuss the mechanisms through which ideology interpellates these subjects, authorizing some senses to their unconscious desire and disallowing others. This process, responsible for identifying the subject and censor the desire, produces psychical and physical displacements, interpreted here as the search for the realization of desire through travel. Assume, therefore, that the impossibility of taking a position, as well as inscribing the desire, is what promotes the displacement of the subject, the research makes a return to the field of Tourism. The latter is approximated to the notion of spectacle (DEBORD, 1997), from which it is possible to perceive the fetishization of the subject's desire to guarantee the alienation of this subject from his own situation. Then, the analysis of the selected discursive sequences demonstrates the process of production of senses from the imaginary formations (PECHEUX, 2014a). In the way described, the work suggests think Tourism as an ideological apparatus of State (ALTHUSSER, 2003), because it functions as a field of reproduction of the dominant ideology, which is the ideology of the ruling class, responsible for regulating discourses that speak of and for LGBT subjects. Discourses about a stigmatized sexuality, including through Tourism, mobilized around the significant sex and intrinsically imbricated in the game of ideological forces of domination of these subjects.

Esta dissertação filia-se à teoria analítica do discurso proposta pelo filósofo Michel Pêcheux e tem como tema central discussões sobre o processo de estruturação do discurso acadêmico que aborda a segmentação do Turismo no Brasil. Com essa pesquisa, busco contribuir com o estudo do Campo do Turismo a partir de uma perspectiva crítica, com foco específico no estudo do segmento caracterizado como Turismo GLS. Para tanto, busquei em livros – publicados no Brasil e escritos na comunidade acadêmica nacional – textos que relacionassem Turismo com a Comunidade LGBT, objetivando a construção desse conceito de segmento. Dessa busca, relacionei três textos que compõem o corpus de análise, são eles; Angeli (2004 [1999]), Oliveira (2002) e Trigo (2009). A partir do recorte das sequências discursivas das materialidades e da mobilização de conceitos como Formação Social, Formação Ideológica, Lugar Discursivo, Formações Discursivas e Forma-sujeito, desenvolvi um caminho teórico que pretende problematizar a apropriação da sigla GLS – enunciada dentro do Movimento Social como um Lugar Discursivo – pelo Mercado e, consequentemente, pela Academia. A partir desses achados de análise também aponto para o tratamento conceitual dado ao Sujeito nos processos de segmentação do Turismo, processos esses, que remetem ao individualismo e ao pragmatismo, evidenciando que a segmentação ainda situa-se em perspectivas bastante reducionistas. Nesse esforço de problematizar o segmento, o texto resta em aberto, mobilizando outros questionamentos e propostas de novos arranjos na interface Turismo – Análise do Discurso.
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This dissertation relates to the discourse analysis proposed by the French philosopher Michel Pêcheux and it has as the main theme the discussions on the structuration process of the academic discourse which addresses the segmentation of Tourism in Brazil. With this research, I aim to contribute with the study in the Field of Tourism from a critical perspective, with emphasis on GLS Tourism. For this purpose, I have searched in books (published in Brazil and written within the national academic community) for texts that relates Tourism with the LGBT Community, addressing to the construction of this concept. From this search, I have related three texts which assemble the analysis corpus: Angeli (2004 [1999]), Oliveira (2002) and Trigo (2009). From the view of the materiality‟s sequential discourses and the mobilization of concepts like Social Formation, Ideological Formation, Discursive Place, Discursive Formations and Subject-Form, I have developed a theorical method which intends to discuss the appropriation of the acronym “GLS” (expressed within the LGBT Movement as a Discursive Place) by the Market and, inevitably, by the Academy. From these analysis findings, I also point to the conceptual treatment given to the subject in the processes of segmentation of Tourism, which refer to the individualism and pragmatism, endorsing that the segmentation is still based on too reductionist perspectives. In this effort to question the segment, the text is left open, mobilizing other inquires and propositions of new arrangements within the Tourism – Discourse Analysis interface.

Esta pesquisa busca analisar a relação do município de Canela/RS com o turismo a partir dos seus vínculos com o artesanato. Tem como objetivo geral contribuir para a emergência de outros sentidos na ressignificação do município de Canela/RS, enquanto destino turístico. A Análise do Discurso (AD) Francesa pecheutiana é o dispositivo teórico-analítico que embasa essa discussão. O conceito de discurso fundador é norteador para analisar a historicidade da relação entre Canela e o turismo. O discurso fundador possibilitou identificar aspectos de memória e de esquecimento na abordagem dos ciclos sociais, econômicos e políticos, tendo início com os indígenas, os tropeiros, os senhores, as madeireiras, o turismo e a chegada do trem. O que também possibilitou identificar diferentes posições-sujeito na disputa de sentido no jogo de forças no município e com o turismo. O conceito de paisagem é pertinente para abordar o atrativo turístico, Cascata do Caracol, cujos sentidos instituem-se e modulam-se em polissemia. O artesanato em madeira, produzido com raízes de araucárias, retratam pássaros, e articula-se com a memória social ligada ao desmatamento, carregando em si os vestígios do ciclo das madeireiras. Porém, com a iconografia de pássaros retornam à natureza e à paisagem, assim como, transformam-se em souvenires, viajam com os visitantes e afirmam a autoria do sujeito artesão
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This research aims to analyze the relationship of the municipality of Canela/RS with tourism from their links with the craft. General objective contribute to the emergence of other senses in ressignification of the municipality of Canela/RS, as a tourist destination. The Discourse Analysis (DA) French pecheutiana is the theoretical and analytical device that reinforces this discussion. The concept of discourse founder is guiding to analyze the historicity of the relationship between Canela and tourism. The discourse founder possible to identify aspects of memory and forgetting in addressing the social, economic and political cycles, beginning with the Indians, the drovers, the lords, timber, tourism and the arrival of the train. What also made it possible to identify different subject-positions in contention for meaning in the power game in the municipality and tourism. The concept of landscape is pertinent to address the tourist attraction, Cascata do Caracol, whose senses establishing themselves and modulate in polysemy. The wooden handicrafts, produced with roots of araucarias, depict birds, and articulates with the social memory linked to deforestation, carrying in itself the traces of the logging cycle. However, with the iconography of birds return to nature and landscape, as well as turn into souvenirs, traveling with visitors and claim authorship craftsman subject.

Esta pesquisa analisa as relações entre Turismo, Sujeito e Trabalho, sob a perspectiva dos jardineiros, no espaço do Jardim Botânico de Porto Alegre. A investigação deu-se a partir da posição do trabalhador no campo de atividade turística, e dos jardins como locais de possibilidade para o lazer. O conceito de trabalho tomado para esse estudo é o da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho, de abordagem dejouriana. O suporte metodológico é oferecido pelos conceitos da Análise de Discurso Francesa pecheutiana. A construção analítica se viabiliza através da extração de sequências discursivas das entrevistas e das anotações em Diário de Campo. Os resultados da pesquisa identificaram e situaram a defasagem entre o trabalho prescrito e o trabalho real dos jardineiros. O conceito de Formação Discursiva permitiu observar alianças e confrontos nos rearranjos da Organização do Trabalho, articulados por esses trabalhadores. A relação entre o visitante, turista cidadão, e o trabalhador jardineiro mostrou-se significativa, pois está ancorada no reconhecimento da originalidade e utilidade do trabalho do jardineiro, condição para o prazer no trabalho e para a saúde mental do trabalhador.
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This research analyzes relations between Tourism, Subject and Work from the perspective of the gardeners of the Porto Alegre Botanical Garden. The research investigates the worker's position relating to tourism, and the botanical gardens as places of opportunity for leisure. The concept of work in this study is the same concept of the theory of Psychodynamics Of Work, dejourian approach.The concepts of the French Discourse Analysis of Pêcheux are the methodological support of research. The construction of the analysis was done by extraction of discursive sequences from interviews and notes in field diary. The survey results identified and located the discrepancy between prescribed work and real work of the gardeners. The concept of the Discursive Formation showed alliances and confrontations in rearrangements of Work Organization articulated by these workers. The relationship between the visitor, tourist citizen, and the gardener worker shows up significantly because it is based on the recognition of the originality and usefulness of the gardener's work, condition for pleasure at work and mental health of the worker.

碩士
中原大學
室內設計研究所
92
Discourses on Hospitality Design of Tourist Hotel Constantly regarded as distinctive indicators of modern development in the world, tourist hotels play an important role in the evolution of contemporary economy as well. Thus, it is significant for the logging industry to take on hotel management, physical design, and “Hospitality design” seriously. However, most relevant studies are preoccupied with the former, i.e., hotel management, and business promotion, rather focusing on the latter: hospitality design. To ameliorate, this study first conducted investigations of literature for a theoretical framework and pertinent factors of such a particular topic. Second, it probes into laymen’s past experiences of hospitality through a series of focused interviews. Finally, this study engaged in thorough discourses of the topic to reach a conclusion of the topic. On the basis of previous theories, this study conducted a series of qualitative interviews of 23 respondents. Following the questions in a semi-structured questionnaire concerning hospitality design, these respondents are asked to provide photos and past experiences of particular impression. Through data analysis, the study induced relevant factors of hospitality design. These factors are further employed in the following discourses of tourist hotel consumption and tourist space consumption. Thus, respondents’ impressions about hospitality design, e.g., “noble and extraordinary, romantic, high class, luxurious, and valuable…,” are attributable from the physical features of the hotels. Findings as these can be regarded as reference materials for the hotel designers as well as planners.

The prevalent frame of 'tourism as vacation' explicitly implies that one vacates 'the familiar' and escapes to 'the foreign'. Discourses of escape, therefore, function on the assumption that a rather clean and uncomplicated rupture between the familiar and foreign takes place (an assumption not only informing conventional readings and practices of tourism, but also the modern logic of states and citizenship and modern thought more broadly). A failure to account for the effects of this escapist logic on both the performance and materialization of tourism, as well as the ways in which tourism has come to reflect profound political problematics endemic to modern thought, has produced a serious gap in 'critical tourism' literature. To contest this notion of rupture, or, to disrupt escape, requires what Judith Butler terms a ‘radical re-articulation’ of tourism. In hopes to excite such a disruption, my work draws on Jacques Derrida’s texts concerning ‘non-arrival’ and ultimately re-articulates tourism as a practice of everyday life.