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1
Gehring, Margaret M. "Career longevity of four women cross country and track and field coaches at the NCA Division III level." Connect to this title online, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5F1022856180num=osu.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2002.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 233 p. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Mary O'Sullivan, Dept. of Education. Includes bibliographical references (p. 213-218).
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Sandals, Leigh E. "Oxygen uptake during middle distance running." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2003. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3085/.
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Procházka, Michal. "Marketingová komunikace v atletice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15666.
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Sports have become economic activity. Marketing, especially marketing communication has played an important role in its shift from pure nonprofit basis to more commercial character. The thesis examines development of communication in one of the sports, athletics (track & field) in the Czech Republic (CR). In terms of narrow approach to marketing in sports it focuses on these subjects - Czech athletic federation, meetings in the CR, Czech athletes. It analyzes level of communication, suggests solutions to improvement of athletics` status in the Czech Republic using promotion. It is one of the first sources of marketing communication in given sports branch.
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Gedvilaitė-Moan, Akvilė. "Lengvąją atletiką sportuojančių paauglių asmenybės nerimo ir psichinės būsenos prieš varžybas ypatumai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060512_113559-92344.
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Pre-competition anxiety in sports is very common not only among professional athletes, but also among adolescents who are active in sports, compete a lot and experience physical, emotional and social changes in their lives. The aim of the study was to evaluate track-and-field adolescent athletes’ (12-18 years old) personal anxiety level and pre-competition anxiety. The hypothesis of the thesis was based on the assumption that adolescent track-and-field athletes’ personal anxiety level and pre-competition anxiety components (somatic, emotional and cognitive) differ depending on gender.
Personal anxiety level was determined using J. Taylor’s test. V. A. Alekseev’s pre-competition anxiety test showed dominant competition state anxiety component among adolescent athletes.
Examination of the results and setting the personal anxiety level for the track-and-field adolescent athletes studied showed no gender differences (p>0,05).
The findings of the results among track-and-field athletes’ pre-competition anxiety components (somatic, emotional and cognitive) suggest dependable differences between adolescent girls and boys (p<0,05). The test results also showed that cognitive anxiety was most common in both groups, i.e. boys and girls.
The comparison of the results (those of both methods studied individually for every athlete) of the personal anxiety level and pre-competition anxiety tests from the perspective of gender suggested that the differences between gender do exist (p<0,0... [to full text]
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Kubicová, Zuzana. "Rozhodovací proces rodičů při výběru zájmového kroužku svých dětí." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201700.
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This dissertation will describe the theory of Market Research focussing on the types and methods. The aim of the thesis is to analyse parent´s decision-making process when they are choosing clubs for their children. I will uncover the process of decision-making by questionnaire and will also find out the level of public awareness of athletics and the Athletics for kids project.
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Bollschweiler, Laurence R. "A biomechanical analysis of male and female intermediate hurdlers and steeplechasers /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2254.pdf.
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Benson, Marni J. "Nutrient intake in female collegiate track and field athletes." Connect to online version, 2009. http://www.oregonpdf.org/search-results.cfm?crit=catid&searchString=HE+905.
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Burkhart, Brian. "The influence of life stress on athletic performance and occurrence of injury among intercollegiate track and field throwing event athletes." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1115742.
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The primary purpose of this study was to determine if life stress had any affect on athletic performance and the occurrence of injury. The athletes in this study ranged in age from 17 to 22, and all had the potential and ability to practice and compete at the Division I level in track and field. The goal of the researcher was to collect as much information as possible on each athlete. Each athlete was required to write in a daily journal. A standard set of questions were asked in interviews prior to competition and following competition. Each athlete completed two types of scales prior to competition as well: Everyday Problem Scale (EPS) and Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT). Through this information five common trends emerged: injury with treatment, external distractions, a higher performance was perceived if their family and friends were present at competition, teammate support, and teammate frustration.The researcher believed there was sufficient evidence to dismiss the comparison between the five common trends and the scores of the SCAT and EPS. The SCAT scores were mainly at the moderate level. The average score among all the athletes was approximately "19" or moderate. The EPS dealt with life stress and not athletic stress.The most frequently cited concern by the athletes were financial problems, difficulties with a girlfriend, wanting a relationship with someone, and so forth, but none were consistently cited.The perception of the stressor was an important factor in this study since the athletes perceived each competition either as distressful or eustressful. Depending on how much the athlete perceived each competition as a stressor may have effected his performance. Few stressors were identified but depending on the competition the athlete may have focused so much on the stressor that it became distressful while at another competition the same stressor was not focused on as much so it was viewed as eustressful.<br>School of Physical Education
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Siegenthaler, Scott J. "The academic achievement of cross-country and long-distance track runners a seasonal comparison /." Online version, 2001. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2001/2001siegenthalers.pdf.
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Hussey, Sandra L. "Factors influencing body image perception of Eastern Illinois University track and field athletes /." View online, 2003. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131163025.pdf.
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Mertes, Melanie. "Fluid losses of Division III track athletes experienced during indoor versus outdoor seasons." Online version, 2009. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2009/2009mertesm.pdf.
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Lawless, Freda Janet. "A profile and training programme of psychological skills for track and field athletes." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85644.
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Thesis (MScSportSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to compile a sport psychological skills profile of track and field athletes and to determine whether a purposefully-developed psychological-skills training (PST) programme would affect this profile and athletic performance.
The study was conducted in two phases. During the first phase 143 student athletes completed sport psychological skills questionnaires before competing in the 2011 University Sport South Africa (USSA) Athletics Championship. The athletes’ perceived importance of psychological skills, psychologically preparedness, and need for psychological skills training were investigated.
The athletes’ best performances at the championship were recorded and their IAAF performance points calculated.
The majority of the athletes perceived PST as important. However, in contrast, a large percentage was uncertain about their need for PST programmes and, alarmingly, most of the athletes under-utilized the services of sport psychologists. This could possibly indicate a resistance to PST.
Overall, the results revealed poor sport psychological skill levels. Only the achievement motivation and goal directedness dimensions showed satisfactory results. Effect sizes were used to compare the sport psychological skill levels of more and less successful athletes. This revealed significant differences between the respective groups. The within-group comparisons showed that the more successful sprinters outscored the less successful sprinters in the subscales of stress control and achievement motivation. Achievement motivation was the only aspect that differed significantly between the more and less successful middle and long-distance athletes. Among the jumpers, confidence and stress control distinguished between the top and bottom athletes. The more successful throwers recorded higher imagery and achievement motivation scores than the less successful throwers.
The results from the first phase were used to develop a PST programme aimed at improving the sport psychological skill levels and performance of student track and field athletes. In Phase Two, athletes from Stellenbosch University were divided into an experimental (n = 24) and control group (n = 18). Both groups underwent pre and post-testing of the same psychological skills questionnaires used in the first phase, whilst their athletic performances were recorded on both occasions. The experimental group participated in a PST programme consisting of seven sessions which covered the following topics: achievement motivation, goal-directedness, managing somatic anxiety, managing cognitive anxiety, self-confidence, concentration, and imagery. In addition to these sessions daily activities and assignments were completed in a workbook.
The effectiveness of the PST programme in improving the athletes’ sport psychological skills levels is evident from the improvements observed in nine of the eleven subscales among the experimental group opposed to four skills among the control group. Inexplicably, the control group’s athletic performance improved significantly more than that of the experimental group. Further research into the role and effectiveness of PST in track and field is recommended.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om ’n sportsielkundige vaardigheidsprofiel vir baan- en veldatlete saam te stel en om te bepaal tot watter mate ’n sportsielkundige vaardigheidsprogram (SVP) hierdie profiel en atletiekprestasie sal beïnvloed.
Die navorsing het uit twee fases bestaan. Gedurende fase een het 143 studente-atlete verskeie sportsielkundige vraelyste voltooi voor deelname aan die 2011 Suid-Afrikaanse Studente-Atletiekkampioenskappe (USSA). Die atlete se persepsie oor die belangrikheid van sielkundige vaardighede, sielkundige voorbereiding en behoefte aan onderrig in sielkundige vaardighede is ondersoek.
Die atlete se beste vertonings tydens die kampioenskappe is gemonitor en hul IAAF- prestasiepunte bereken.
Die meerderheid van hierdie atlete het aangedui dat sportsielkundige vaardigheidsontwikkeling belangrik is, maar in teensteling hiermee het ’n groot persentasie aangedui dat hulle onseker is oor hul behoefte aan sportsielkundige vaardigheidsontwikkeling. Die bevinding dat die meerderheid van die atlete nie genoegsaam van sportsielkundige dienste gebruik maak nie, is kommerwekkend. Hierdie verskynsel kan op ’n weerstand teen sportsielkundige vaardigheids-ontwikkeling dui.
In geheel het die sportsielkundige profiel van hierdie baan- en veldatlete swak vertoon, behalwe vir prestasiemotivering en doelgerigtheid wat bevredigende resultate opgelewer het. Effekgroottes is gebruik om die sportsielkundige vaardighede van minder en meer suksesvolle atlete met mekaar vergelyk. Dit het beduidende verskille tussen die groepe opgelewer. Die binnegroepvergelykings het getoon dat meer suksesvolle naellopers hoër tellings as minder suksesvolle naellopers in die volgende subskale behaal het: stresbeheer en prestasiemotivering. Prestasiemotivering was ook die enigste subskaal wat tussen meer en minder suksesvolle middel- en langafstandatlete kon onderskei. Selfvertroue en stresbeheer was twee aspekte wat tussen meer en minder suksesvolle springers gediskrimineer het. Prestasiemotivering en beelding was die enigste sportsielkundige dimensies wat tussen meer en minder suksesvolle gooiers kon onderskei. Die meer suksesvolle gooiers het beter vlakke met betrekking tot hierdie twee subskale getoon.
Die resultate van die eerste fase is gebruik om ’n sportsielkundige intervensieprogram te ontwikkel waardeur sielkundige vaardighede en prestasie van tersiêre baan- en veldatlete verbeter kan word.
In die tweede fase is atlete van die Stellenbosch Universiteit in ’n eksperimentele- (n = 24) en kontrolegroep (n = 18) verdeel. Beide groepe het dieselfde sportsielkundige vraelyste as in die eerste fase, voor en na afloop van die intervensieprogram, waaraan die eksperimentele groep meegedoen het, voltooi. Alle deelnemers se atletiekprestasies is voor en na afloop van die intervensieprogram genoteer. Die eksperimentele groep het aan die ontwikkelde sportsielkundige vaardigheidsprogram deelgeneem wat uit die volgende sewe sessies bestaan het: prestasiemotivering, doelgerigtheid, somatiese angsbeheer, kognitiewe angsbeheer, selfvertroue, konsentrasie en beelding. Hierdie sessies is deur daaglikse aktiwiteite aangevul en opdragte wat in ’n werkboek voltooi moes word.
Die effektiwiteit van die program in die ontwikkeling van sielkundige vaardighede blyk duidelik uit die bevinding dat die eksperimentele groep betekenisvolle verbeteringe getoon het in nege uit elf sportsielkundige vaardighede teenoor die vier vaardighede wat by die kontrolegroep verbeter het. ’n Onverklaarbare bevinding was egter dat die kontrolegroep se atletiekprestasies betekenisvol meer verbeter het as die eksperimentele groep s’n. Verdere navorsing oor die rol en effektiwiteit van sportsielkundige vaardigheidsontwikkeling in atletiek word aanbeveel.
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Bradstreet, Tyler C. "The Effect of Season Performance on Male and Female Track and Field Athletes’ Self-identity." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500120/.
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Although the “self” has generally been conceptualized as relatively stable in sport-specific research, events such as deselection, injury, and career termination have been found to negatively affect athletes’ levels of identification with the athlete role. Additionally, there has been limited research regarding competitive failure and its ability to negatively affect athletes’ levels of identification with the athlete role. The purpose of the present investigation was to provide additional evidence regarding the influence poor competitive seasons have on the malleability of athletes’ self-identity. Athletes were followed throughout the course of their season to determine whether athletes who encountered a poor competitive season reported lowered levels of athletic identity. Specifically, male and female NCAA Division I track and field athletes completed pre-indoor, post-indoor, and post-outdoor assessments of athletic identity. Contrary to previous research, the current study’s results indicated no identifiable relationship between male and female athletes’ season performance satisfaction and their level of post-indoor and post-outdoor athletic identity. Thus, the greatest predictor of athletes’ post-season level of athletic identity was their pre-season level of athletic identity, regardless of season performance. Given these results, future research should assess self-esteem as well as other potential coping strategies athletes might use in order to gain a better understanding of the effect encountering a poor competitive season may have on athletes’ self-identity.
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Painter, Keith B., G. Gregory Haff, Michael W. Ramsey, et al. "Strength Gains: Block Vs DUP Weight-Training among Track and Field Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4132.
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Recently, the comparison of “periodized” strength training methods has been a focus of both exercise and sport science. Daily undulating periodization (DUP), using daily alterations in repetitions, has been developed and touted as a superior method of training, while block forms of programming for periodization have been questioned. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare block to DUP in Division I track and field athletes. Thirty-one athletes were assigned to either a 10-wk block or DUP training group in which sex, year, and event were matched. Over the course of the study, there were 4 testing sessions, which were used to evaluate a variety of strength characteristics. Although performance trends favored the block group for strength and rate of force development, no statistically significant differences were found between the 2 training groups. However, statistically different (P ≤ .05) values were found for estimated volume of work (volume load) and the amount of improvement per volume load between block and DUP groups. Based on calculated training efficiency scores, these data indicate that a block training model is more efficient than a DUP model in producing strength gains.
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Bazyler, Caleb. "Tapering for Strength-Power Individual Event and Team Sport Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3089.
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The overall purpose of this dissertation was to address mechanistic and performance changes following a peaking phase in individual event and team sport strength-power athletes. This purpose was addressed by conducting 4 separate investigations with track and field athletes, volleyball athletes, and a national level weightlifter. The following are the primary findings from these investigations. Division I collegiate throwers increased competition throwing performance, jumping performance, and preserved muscle architecture characteristics following an overreach and taper. There were moderate decreases in division I female collegiate volleyball athlete’s vastus lateralis muscle thickness with no statistical changes in jumping performance following a taper with no prior overreach in. There were moderate to very large differences in countermovement jump height supercompensation during the peaking phase in favor of the returners over the new players on a similar team of female volleyball athletes. Changes in serum concentrations of inflammatory, hypertrophic and endocrine markers corresponded with alterations in training volume-load and partially explained changes in jump, dynamic mid-thigh pull, and weightlifting performance following multiple competition phases in a national level weightlifter. Additionally, vastus lateralis cross-sectional area can be maintained following a competition phase in a high level weightlifter provided large changes in body mass are not attempted close to competition. The findings of these investigations support the use of overreach and tapering for strength-power athletes and provide an underlying biochemical, morphological, and biomechanical basis for the observed changes in performance.
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Todd, Melissa Lee Brown Chrisanthia. "The effect of music and no music on pre-performance arousal, perceptions of performance exertion and pain, and evaluations of performance in high school track runners." Diss., UMK access, 2006.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Education. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2006.<br>"A dissertation in counseling psychology." Advisor: Chris Brown. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Nov. 9, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-105). Online version of the print edition.
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Molinari, M., Keith B. Painter, R. Ruben, et al. "Comparison of Daily Undulating with Traditional Periodization in Collegiate Track and Field Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4512.
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Haglind, Daniel. "Coping with success and failure – Among Swedish and Portuguese track and field athletes and coaches." Thesis, Halmstad University, Halmstad University, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-122.
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<p>The aim of this study was to examine how athletes and coaches, in Sweden and Portugal, perceive and experience success and failure in relation to sport. Moreover, study if there were cultural differences in coping. The main objectives of the study consisted of examining differences based on culture and coaches vs. athletes in the following research questions; how athletes and coaches define, react and cope with success and failure, how they perceive consequences and how coaches help athletes to cope with success and failure. Fifteen (n=15) individual semi structured interviews was carried out with ten (n=10) Swedish and five (n=5) Portuguese sportsmen. An interview guide based on the objectives of the study was developed. 1226 raw data units were identified and categorised using categorization, tagging and regrouping of relevant concepts. The results are discussed according to several stress-coping theories. Moreover, the result showed some differences based on both culture and on coaches vs. athletes. Furthermore success was mainly defined as reaching goals and failure as performance related mistakes. Reactions on both success and failure were mainly emotional. Negative consequences of both success and failure were most common and problem- focused coping were adopted to cope with those situations. The coaches supported the athletes by adopting emotion- and problem-focused coping.</p>
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Bacon, Nicholas. "Low Back Pain Among College Athletes - A Survey of Basketball Players, Swimmers, Track and Field Athletes and Nonathletic Controls." TopSCHOLAR®, 2007. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/960.
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Study Design. Cross-sectional survey among athletes competing at the collegiate level in basketball, swimming, and track and field, as well as a matched nonathletic control group. Objective. To compare the prevalence of low back pain between sports: basketball, swimming, and track and field, as well as nonathletic control group. Summary of Background Data. With conflicting reports, it is not clear whether athletes are at higher risk for low back pain when compared to nonathletic counterparts. Some literature has found that low back pain was less common in former elite athletes when compared to nonathletes; however, much of the literature supports that athletes experience more low back pain. Methods. Self-reported questionnaire on low back pain adapted for sports based on the Nordic questionnaires for musculoskeletal symptoms. Responders were 10 basketball players, 57 swimmers, 47 track and field athletes and 382 controls. Results. The main findings of the current study support previous literature displaying a greater prevalence of low back experienced in athletes when compared to age-and-sex matched controls. This study found a significant relationship of reported low back pain as age and weight increased. Conclusions. Athletes have a greater prevalence of low back pain when compared to their less athletic peers. A larger sample size could suggest a significant relationship between the prevalence of low back pain and training volume, training season and sport.
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Klockare, Ellinor. "Track and Field Athletes’ Experiences and Perceived Effects of Flotation-REST : An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-2218.
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Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to examine junior and first year senior athletes’ experiences and perceived effects of flotation-REST, including both the immediate response and experiences over time. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six elite track and field athletes (five female and one male), aged 17-23 years, who were purposefully sampled and had used flotation-REST two to six times. They were each interviewed on two occasions; once directly following a floating session and later a second interview concerning the overall experience. The interview transcripts were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (Smith, 1996). Results: From the analysis four themes emerged: Meaning of Flotation-REST, Experiences during Flotation-REST, Perceived Effects of Flotation-REST, and Views on Flotation-REST. Flotation-REST became a learning opportunity concerning relaxation for all athletes and three of them reported that it raised their awareness of the importance of relaxation and psychological skills training. For five athletes the floating sessions also became a breather in the daily life. The floating sessions were perceived as pleasant and relaxing. Three athletes experienced a lot of thoughts in the tank and five of them fell asleep at least twice. After flotation-REST five athletes reported experiencing less stress and an overall increase in well-being as well as feeling calmer and more energized for one or two days, although they were physically tired at practice immediately following a floating session. Being in a better mood and placing fewer demands on themselves as well as feeling more optimistic and present were also mentioned as perceived effects. The results showed more and longer-lasting psychological effects than physiological. The sixth athlete did not experience any special effects, nor did he experience stress in his daily life and sport performance, as opposed to the others. Conclusions: The study shows the potential of flotation-REST as a technique for health promotion and also as a method for stress management. Further, as the results revealed raised awareness, flotation-REST could be valuable together with other psychological skills training techniques, mindfulness and the physical training. However, considering the differences in the athletes’ perceived effects of flotation-REST, it indicates the importance of further research on the topic.
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Grinaker, Hanna Elisabet. "Iron Supplementation and Its Effect on Ferritin Levels in Female Collegiate Track and Field Athletes." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27508.
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Adequate stores of iron are necessary for optimal athletic performance and severe iron depletion resulting in iron-deficiency anemia may depress performance. This is important for athletes, particularly females, to address because they can be prone to iron deficiency anemia. This review examines research data that has shown oral iron supplementation in doses of at least 45 mg ferrous sulfate or 106 mg ferrous fumarate improves iron status and may improve measures of athletic performance. It is recommended that female athletes most at risk of iron deficiency be screened at the beginning of and during training seasons using ferritin measures. Appropriate dietary and/or supplementation recommendations should be made to those with compromised iron status.
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Haglind, Daniel. "Coping with success and failure – A qualitative study on athletes and coaches in track and field." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-154.
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<p>The aim of this study is to investigate how athletes and coaches perceive and experience</p><p>success and failure. Objectives of the study consist of examining how athletes and coaches define, react and cope with success and failure, how they perceive consequences and how coaches help athletes to cope with success and failure. Ten (n=10) individual semi structured interviews was carried out with seven (n=7) elite athletes and three (n=3) coaches in track and field. An interview guide based on the objectives of the study was developed. 385 raw data</p><p>units were identified. These were categorised according to the objectives. The analysis showed that athletes and coaches defined success as achieving goals and a typical reaction to success was to feel happy. A typical consequence that follows success was increased self</p><p>confidence and athletes cope with this by setting new goals. The analysis of coaches showed that coaches create an understanding for the athletes, what they want and what they need. Failure was most frequently defined as injury. The most common reaction to failure was increased negative thinking and athletes coped with that by “clenching the fist”. Coaches help athletes to cope with failure by adapting the training. Development was considered to be a</p><p>significant consequence of failure.</p>
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Horrell, La Tishia. "Comparison of intercollegiate athletes motivational and cognitive imagery use by division and events in track and field early in the season." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1266029.
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Doss, Khalilah Toyina. "READY, SET, GO: A NARRATIVE STUDY ON JAMAICAN FEMALE TRACK AND FIELD ATHLETES WHO ATTENDED COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY IN THE U.S." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1185.
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AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF Khalilah Doss, for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Educational Administration and Higher Education, presented on March 30th 2016, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: READY, SET, GO: A NARRATIVE STUDY ON JAMAICAN FEMALE TRACK AND FIELD ATHLETES WHO ATTENDED COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY IN THE U.S. MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Saran Donahoo At most institutions, track and field can function as the redheaded stepchild of athletic programs because these sports do not draw the revenue nor get the crowds often associated with college football or basketball. Nevertheless, there are multiple correlations common among all college student athletes. Primarily, all student athletes face the pressure of having both academic and athletic responsibilities and obligations. Concurrently, there are also differences that can make these athletes experiences unique, such as being from a different country or being of minority status (by gender, sexual orientation or color) and attending a predominately white institution. As a former college athlete, I want to identify and determine how Jamaican Female Track and Field Athletes negotiate the social, academic and cultural environments that they were a part of while attending a college or university in the U.S. I believe that some [if not all] of these female athletes struggle academically, socially, and personally while attending postsecondary institutions in the U.S.
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Kraska, Jenna M., Ann Marie Swisher, Michael W. Ramsey, et al. "Relationship of Peak Isometric Strength to Rate of Force Development Among Collegiate Track and Field Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4096.
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Explosive strength, a function of rate of force development (RFD), is a primary determinant for the amount of peak force that can be produced in critical sport performance time periods ( e.g. foot contact time). Evidence indicates that maximum strength and RFD are correlated. However, the characteristics of this relationship are not well established among athletes. This study examined the relationship of peak isometric force (IPF) and RFD from a mid-thigh pull, among male and female track and field athletes. Athletes were 12 sprinters (S), 10 jumpers (JP) and 12 cross-country runners (XC). Force-time curve analysis was conducted for each (2 trials) isometric pull and averaged for analyses. IPF and RFD from 0 - 200 ms were determined from appropriate curves. IPFs were normalized using an allometric (IPFa) scaling equation: absolute force/ (body mass (kg)0.67). ICCs were previously shown to be > 0.9. Relationships were established with Pearson's r; statistical differences with a Bonferroni adjusted t-Test. IPF, IPFa and RFD were greater in males than females for S and JP but not for XC. IPF, IPFa and RFD were greater for S and JP compared to XC. Similar relationships of IPF to RFD were noted among groups S(r = 0.85), JP (r = 0.87), XC (r = 0.88). Among males, n = 19, the relationship ofIPF to RFD was r = 0.89 and was somewhat higher compared to females, n = 15, (r = 0.78). Overall (n = 34) relationship between IPF and RFD was r = 0.90. These data indicate a strong relationship between maximum strength and "explosiveness" that is independent.
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Painter, Keith Ballard. "A Practical Comparison Between Traditional Periodization and Daily-Undulated Weight Training Among Collegiate Track and Field Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1867.
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Recently, comparisons of "periodized" strength training methods have become a focus of sport science. Daily undulating periodization (DUP), using daily alterations in repetitions, has been developed and touted as a superior method of training. The purpose of this study is to compare traditional periodization (TRA) to DUP in Division I track and field athletes. Thirty-one athletes were assigned to either a TRA or the DUP group training programs based on sex, year, and event. Training lasted 10 weeks. There were 4 testing sessions focusing on strength characteristics. Although, trends favored the TRA group for strength and rate of force development, no significant differences were found between the groups. Significant differences (p≤0.05) in volume and the amount of improvement per volume load were found to be significantly different (p≤0.05) between the TRA and DUP groups. These data indicate that TRA is more efficient in producing strength gains than DUP.
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Painter, Keith B., G. Gregory Haff, N. Travis Triplett, et al. "Resting Hormone Alterations and Injuries: Block vs. DUP Weight-Training among D-1 Track and Field Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3777.
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Daily undulating periodization (DUP), using daily alterations in repetitions, has been advocated as a superior method of resistance training, while traditional forms of programming for periodization (Block) have been questioned. Nineteen Division I track and field athletes were assigned to either a 10-week Block or DUP training group. Year and event were controlled. Over the course of the study, there were four testing sessions, which were used to evaluate a variety of strength characteristics, including maximum isometric strength, rate of force development, and one repetition maximum (1RM). Although, performance trends favored the Block group for strength and rate of force development, no statistical differences were found between the two groups. However, different (p ≤ 0.05) estimated volumes of work (VL) and amounts of improvement per VL were found between groups. Based upon calculated training efficiency scores, these data indicate that a Block training model is more efficient in producing strength gains than a DUP model. Additionally, alterations in testosterone (T), cortisol (C) and the T:C ratio were measured. Although there were no statistically (p ≤ 0.05) different hormone alterations between groups, relationships between training variables and hormone concentrations including the T:C ratio, indicate that Block may be more efficacious in terms of fatigue management.
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Verdegan, Laura. "Assessment of risk factors for stress fractures and future osteoporosis in female collegiate cross country runners." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007verdeganl.pdf.
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Pieterse, Johannes Jacobus. "Die effek van sportsielkundige opleiding op die prestasie van sportlui met spesifieke verwysing na baanatlete." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49917.
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Thesis (PhD (Sport Sc)) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2004.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigated the effects of a relaxation, self-talk, goal-setting, imagery,
and concentration training package on the performance of six athletes in the 1500-
meter event. Subjects were four female and two male high school middle distance
athletes. The dependent measure was time taken to complete the 1500-meter nm
in competition settings.
A mental skills training package was developed, implemented and evaluated using
a single subject, multiple baseline design. Performance scores were plotted for
each 1500-meter nm and subjects' graphs were assessed for intervention-related
change against mean performance change and established split-middle analysis
criteria. Visual inspection of plotted values was supplemented by quantitive
analysis using repeated measures analysis of variance (RANOV A). This study
also included procedural reliability checks to ensure that the athletes did in filet
utilize the mental skills they received training in.
Visual analysis indicated the mental skills package to be effective in enhancing
performance times (1500-meter) in the case of four of the athletes. Overall,
repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significant improvement in 1500-
meter performance times for subjects across phases. However, a split-middle
analysis of within subject variation indicated that a significant intervention effect
was not observed in two of the six subjects.
The social validity assessment by athletes and their two coaches provided further
confirmation of the overall effectiveness of the intervention. Social validation
checks indicated all participants to have perceived the intervention to be
successful and all were satisfied with the delivery and content of the training
package. The results support the usefulness of single-subject research designs for assessing
the impact of mental training. The present study demonstrated that a mental skills
training package combining relaxation, self-ta1k, goal setting, imagery, and
concentration skills was effective in enhancing athletic performance.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die effek van "n sportsielkundige opleidingspakket, bestaande uit ontspanningsvaardighede,
effektiewe selfspraak, doelwitstelling, beelding en konsentrasievaardighede
op die prestasie van sportlui in die 1500-meter wedloop, is in die
onderhawige navorsing ondersoek.
Die proefpersone wat aan die navorsingprojek deelgeneem het, was vier vroulike
en twee manlike hoërskool middelafstand-atlete. Die afhanklike veranderlike is
gedefinieer as die tyd wat dit elke proefpersoon neem om die 1500-meter wedloop
in kompetisie-situasies te voltooi.
'n Sportsielkundige opleidingspakket is ontwikkel, geïmplementeer en die effek
daarvan op prestasietyd is geëvalueer deur gebruik te maak van "n enkelproefpersoon-,
meervoudige basislynontwerp oor individue. Wedlooptyd in die 1500-
meter is graftes ten opsigte van elke proefpersoon voorgestel en volgens kriteria
vir visuele inspeksie en die "split-middle" -tegniek geanaliseer. Visuele analise
van die data is deur middel van kwantitatiewe herhaalde waameming;analise van
die variansie uitgebrei. Die ondersoek het ook kontrole vir prosedurelebetroubaarheid
ingesluit om te verseker dat die betrokke sportsielkundige
vaardighede waarin proefpersone opgelei is, inderdaad deur hul gebruik word
Visuele analise van die navorsingdata het aangedui dat die sportsielkundige
opleidingsprogram wel effektiefwas om presf.asietyd (l500-meter) by vier van die
ses atlete te verbeter. Die herhaalde waamemingsanalise van die variansie het oor
die algemeen beduidende verbetering in presf.asietyd in die 1500-meter vir proefpersone
vanaf die basislyn:fase na die intervensiefase aangetoon. "n "Split-miádle"
analise van intra-proefpersoon variasie het egter aangedui dat "n beduidende
intervensie-effek nie by twee van die ses proefpersone waargeneem kon word nie. 'n Gunstige sosiale validering is van die betrokke proefpersone en hul afrigters
ontvang wat verdere bevestiging bied vir die effektiwiteit van die intervensie oor
die algemeen. Resultate met betrekking tot die sosiale validering het aangedui dat
al die deelnemers by die navorsingprojek die intervensie as suksesvol beskou het
en tevrede was met die toepassing en inhoud van die opleidingspakket.
In die onderhawige ondersoek is aangedui dat "n sportsielkundige opleidingsprogram
wat ontspanningsvaardighede, selfspraak, doelwitstelling, beelding en
konsentrasievaardighede kombineer, weloor die algemeen effektief was om
sportlui se prestasie te verbeter.
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Painter, Keith B., Gregory N. Haff, Travis Triplett, et al. "Resting Hormone Alterations and Injuries: Block vs “Daily Undulating Periodization” Weight-Training Among Division I Track And Field Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5794.
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Haff, G. Gregory, Keith B. Painter, Michael W. Ramsey, et al. "Comparison Of Block Versus Dup Training Among Division-1 (D-1) Collegiate Track And Field Athletes: An Exploratory Study." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4092.
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Haff, G. Gregory, Keith B. Painter, Michael W. Ramsey, et al. "Comparison of Block Versus Dup Training among Division-1 (D-1) Collegiate Track and Field Athletes: An Exploratory Study." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4530.
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Wileman, Taylor. "Validity and reliability of inertial measurement units in obtaining a lower limb stiffness running measure in high-level track and field athletes." Master's thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2020. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/7279e06f2ac834540f6e9ef47f9d47697f9a4c6d5b16ea85dd538efe63e0182c/2760248/Wileman_2020_Validity_and_reliability_of_inertial_measurement.pdf.
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Introduction: Recent developments in inertial sensor technology mean real time monitoring and tracking of athletes in the daily training environment is now a possibility. Such developments have the potential for injury prevention and performance maximisation. Stiffness of the lower limb has known links to performance and injury risk; however, these measures have so far been limited to laboratory-based settings. Application of current sensor technology has the potential for ongoing stiffness assessment not only in the laboratory but also in the daily training environment. Actual training monitoring and changes to the way an athlete deals with loading (leg stiffness) on a regular basis could provide vital feedback to athletes, coaches, medical and support staff allowing for effective systems to be put in place to ensure athletes reach their potential.
Study 1: The first aim of this thesis was to review existing literature surrounding the longitudinal assessment of lower limb stiffness in adult athletic populations. A systematic review was conducted which initially produced 630 results before being reduced to 6 for final analysis, highlighting the lack of research in this area. Data extracted focused on the population, methodologies and key findings of each study. The results concluded that the longitudinal assessment of lower limb stiffness had so far been isolated to laboratory-based settings and predominately measured through simple vertical hopping and jump tasks in the specific sporting population of Australian Rules Football players. From the results, the need for a field-based measure of lower limb stiffness was identified in order for stiffness to be assessed at more regular intervals to better understand the prospective links between lower limb stiffness, performance and injury.
Study 2: Based on the findings from study 1, the primary aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable field-based measure of lower limb stiffness in high-level track and field athletes during running (a task reflective of training and competition) using inertial measurement units. Nineteen high-level track and field athletes completed six running gait trials at a pace reflective of their event during competition. Data was captured using a fourteen-camera motion analysis system (250Hz), a force plate (1000Hz) and three inertial measurement units (500Hz). The gold standard stiffness measures from the motion analysis system were than compared with the stiffness measures derived from the inertial measurement units. Poor validity was found between the gold standard stiffness measures and the measures derived from the inertial measurement units. In addition, the results demonstrated that the data output from the inertial measurement units were not reliable when substituted into the existing measures of stiffness, warranting the need for further research.
Conclusion: This thesis makes a novel contribution to the assessment of lower limb stiffness in athletic populations. Although a valid and reliable measure of lower limb stiffness using inertial measurement units still needs to be established, it is hoped that this research is the first step in developing a daily monitoring tool which may provide a proactive approach in managing an athlete’s response to load. However, further refinements to the algorithm and developments in inertial sensor technology are required before this technology can be considered for use outside the traditional laboratory setting.
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Franceschi, Alberto. "Monitoring training load in U20 track and field junior athletes." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10348/9180.
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Master’s Thesis
International M.Sc. in Performance Analysis of Sport (IMPAS)<br>The aim of this study was to investigate changes in training load, neuromuscular readiness,
perceptual fatigue and competition performance in junior track and field athletes during an
outdoor season. To fulfil this purpose, data from six athletes (age 17.5 ± 1.7 years; height 172.6
± 9.9cm; body mass 62.1 ± 6.4kg) were collected from both training sessions and athletics
competitions during a 16-week period, divided into a preparation (week 1 to 8) and a
competitive period (week 9 to 16). Training load was computed through training diaries, the
countermovement jump and the repeated jump test were executed on a weekly-basis, and
perceptual fatigue measures were collected using a wellness questionnaire. At the end, a
hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted to identify similarities and differences between the
two periods. The results showed a substantial reduction in training load during the competitive
phase. The countermovement jump and sleep quantity were associated with the best
competition performance of the competitive season and indicated a positive development
during the outdoor season. The others variables showed different patterns between athletes.
This outcomes can be used as framework for implementing athlete monitoring system with
young athletes involved in track and field sprint-power events.
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Yu, Chin-Chung, and 余青忠. "An Investigation and Study on the Present Participation of Track and Field Athletics in Recreational Activities in Taoyuan County." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91845565573459482281.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣師範大學<br>體育學系在職進修碩士班<br>91<br>Abstract
This study aimed to discuss the different track and field athletics participation in leisure activities, to analyze its recreation effect in participating leisure activities, and to understand the elements of its constraints. Furthermore, the author wished to discuss what difference each of these factors may cause during their participation. The author focused his attention on the objects as “the Track and Field Athletics in Junior and Senior High Schools in Taoyuan County.” The author picked up one hundred athletics by stratified random sampling out of the target population, and adopted the author’s own editorial work “An Investigation and Questionnaire of the Track and Field Athletics in Taoyuan County on the Present Participation in Leisure Activities” as a reference. Through analyzing the distribution of population in each activities, the descriptive statistics, creditability in this study itself and the factors mentioned above, along with t-tests and one-way ANOVA, the author reached his conclusions hoping to offer useful suggestions for coaches and athletics.
1、High school athletics participate mostly in the following five recreation activities: listening to music, relaxing, chatting, watching TV（video tapes and DVD）, playing computer.
2、Five major leisure effects from participating these activities were: offering relaxation, maintaining health and stamina, post-training body situations, refreshing vigor and also obtaining a chance to build friendship with others.
3、Five leisure constraints participating recreation activities were anticipating overcrowded population which results in poor quality of recreation, the noise during recreation activities, the lack of both recreation equipments, locations which also lack proper directors, and extra time.
4、Sexes, categories of schools, years of training, and levels of competitions did not show apparent differences in participating recreation activities, recreation effects, and leisure constraints of high school Track and Field athletics in Taoyuan County.
Key Words：Senior High School、Track and Field athletics、 Recreation、Leisure effect、Leisure Constraints
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Tswei-Jung, Li, and 李翠容. "A study of leisure participation and leisure constraints among junior and senior high school track and field athletics in Taiwan." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76090178748723917552.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣師範大學<br>運動與休閒管理研究所在職碩士班<br>95<br>This research regards the track and field athletes of junior and senior high school in Taiwan. The research tool was a questionnaire. Using random sampling, 375 individuals (track and field athletes of junior and senior high school took part in Kaohsiung Cup Games in 2007) had been sampled. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Scheffe’s Post Hoc Multiple Comparison and Pearson’s correlation coefficients. The three major findings were listed as following ：
1. The leisure participation frequency of the athletes was not high and on the recreation activity type, most of the athletes who participated in amusement type recreation activities.
2. When the athletes participates in the leisure activity, still received slightly hindrance, the biggest leisure constraint was "individual factor", did not have time , had the specialty training , practice or the competition was injured also to be able to become leisure constraints reason.
3. There were significant differences in leisure participation with different the sex, go study the school, grade, the track and field specialty training period of service, each week specialty training time, each week leisure time, the leisure activity help specialty training, each month of leisure activity expenditure.
4. There were significant differences in leisure constraints with different the sex, go study the school, each week specialty training time, each week leisure time, the leisure activity help specialty training, each month of leisure activity expenditure.
5. The relationship between the leisure participation and constraints was positive and reciprocal effect.
Finally, this result of study could offer sport coach and athletes to choice the recreation activities or the reference of leisure planning. It could also help the schools or the coaches to train athletes to participate in leisure activities.
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Івах, Віталій Юрійович, та Vitalii Yuriiovych Ivakh. "Удосконалення рухових здібностей юних легкоатлетів на етапі попередньої базової підготовки". Master's thesis, 2020. http://repository.sspu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10032.
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Фізична підготовка легкоатлетів спрямована на підвищення функціональних можливостей бігуна, розвиток його рухових здібностей, де спортивне тренування в початковий період варто проводити з перспективою на багаторічне спортивне зростання.<br>The physical training of track and field athletes is focused on advancing the functional abilities of a bigun, developing his good health, de sports training in the cob period of time, with the prospect of being able to carry out more sports.
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Pavlíková, Tereza. "Atletika v hodinách tělesné výchovy z pohledu žáků gymnázií." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-353296.
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Title: Athletics in physical education from the perspective of grammar school students Aim: The aim of this thesis is to determine how grammar school students in selected regions view athletics in physical education classes and their relationship to the sport as a whole and its individual disciplines. Methods: The thesis is based on the quantitative research conducted among grammar school students of third and fourth grades in selected regions of the Czech Republic. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analysed in Microsoft Excel and SPSS programs. Basic descriptive characteristics were identified and then processed into tables and charts. Results were verified in a manner based on the nature of the variables, using either the Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney non-parametric test or Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Tests were conducted at 5%, resp. 1% level of significance. Results: Athletics are perceived as negative by 40.1 % of responding students - with girls prevailing over boys in this group. The perception of athletics is mostly influenced by teachers of physical education, but also depends on the level of physical activity. Classes for the most part emphasize learning skills in various athletic disciplines, but grading still often reflects only the performance. The preferred...
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Baccas, Sakeena E. "Sportspersonship differences among NCAA Division III track and field athletes." 2003. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Sachová, Zuzana. "Využití metody FMS u atletů dorostenecké a juniorské kategorie." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-353295.
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Title The use of methods FMS on athletes of category U16 - U19 Objectives: This thesis aims to point on the possibilities of a new method based on physio-therapeutic principles of physical preparation and training primarily of young athletes, named Functional movement screening (FMS), invented by Gray Cook. Most in particular the thesis is focused on what FMS method is and what possibilities are given to identify fundamental movement patterns of junior and teenager athletes. Short examination of the methods FMS was based on two tests invented by Gray Cook and evaluated on a group of ten athletes of category U16 - U19. Methods: The thesis comes out from two crucial works published by Gray Cook. Subsequently I resumed results found out in foreign articles and studies about methods FMS, its principles, relationship with athletic performance and prevention of injuries, as well as relevant norming data. My attention was devoted to studies focused on implementing FMS testing of young athletes. Therefore I decided to select two particular tests and conduct short testing on athletes of category U16 - U19. When scoring the quality of their movements, I've applied the criteria of the methodology itself first. Later there were extended by my own verbal evaluation of particular segments of tested movements. In...
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Angelo, Shalea K. "Differences in perceived athletic competence between male and female collegiate distance runners, middle distance runners, and sprinters." 2004. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Liao, Wei-Chieh, and 廖尉傑. "Analysis Of Track and Field Athletes Retirement." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20542265365456538483.
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碩士<br>國立體育大學<br>體育研究所<br>104<br>Athletic career is very limited. Athletes one day must encounter to retirement eventually. The researcher myself has years of experience in athletics. Through in-depth interviews with track and field athletes and collection of relevant information and documents, the factors of their retirement are learned. The research also covered the course of education, training regiments and career planning of these track and field athletes. The results are: First, track and field athletes may do so through sports skills education, but not the final factor to consider decommissioning; secondly, to improve our athletes' lack of career planning, which led to a lack of a second expertise. So the (lack of) second expertise is an important factor in weighing upon these athletes’ retirement. When there is a career-switching opportunity relying upon their second expertise, they will seize it and alter their original career planning; finally, the lack of established professionalized track and field competitions in Taiwan causes insecurity of these athletes and eventually lead them into early retirement.
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Tsai, Hsiu-Jiuan, and 蔡秀娟. "Scenario Analysis of Sports Injuries in Track and Field Athletic." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74990234785062039604.
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碩士<br>亞洲大學<br>經營管理學系碩士在職專班<br>97<br>Athletics is a human instinct, including running, jumping and throwing. In the course of athletics may have variety of injuries when athletes arrangements for sports training, sports and technology, the standard of sports training, sports and other environmental factors and conditions. And the type of injuries comprises four categories, for instance, type of injury, accidents, and human behavior. The aims of this research are to measure the effect of injuries in different situation.
There are 136 athletics, Attended country-wide secondary schools athletic meet, took by the research as the object of the individual case for questionnaires. Data were collected through statistics analysis.
The findings are as follows. Different age and educational background put emphasis on different aspects among safe protective. Different weight and length of training put emphasis on different aspects on emergency measures. In the reason of injuries, different country background put emphasis on different aspects on action and different frequency of training put emphasis on different aspects on Physiological factors.
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Brown, Jennifer Robin Standley Jayne M. "The effects of stressed tempo music on performance times of track athletes." Diss., 2004. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12302004-111046/.
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Thesis (M.M.) Florida State University, 2005.<br>Advisor: Jayne M. Standley, Florida State University, College of Music. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed 5-15-2007). Document formatted into pages; contains 36 pages. Includes biographical sketch. Includes bibliographical references.
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Ku, Ju-Mei, and 辜茹黴. "Sisterhood：The mentoring of female track and field coaches and athletes." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72521857887215076790.
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碩士<br>國立臺北教育大學<br>體育學系碩士班<br>99<br>Since ancient times, the mentoring is the most widely used system when teaching technical ability in all sorts of trades. The role of the master is not only teaching professional knowledge and skill, but also in charge of apprentices’ morality. Therefore, the role of master can become a teacher, father and friend.The major objective of this research is to study the relationship between female track and field coaches and athletes.
This research adopts narrative inquiry as the primary research method and uses in-depth interviewing as the main method of data collection. The participants in this research is a female track and field coaches teaching over twenty years,black coaches and her student ,hippo. The research results have shown that hippo and black coaches in some chance, set up a as well friend as well mentor of relationship. When hippo ended the identity of athlete, the mentoring relationship collapsed. However, depend on each other deep emotion ,communication and understanding, they established a sisterhood relationship.
Someday every athlete will leave their coaches , someone may leave with resentment or thanksgiving. The relationship among coaches and athletes, sometimes as enemies, sometimes like a friend, sometimes like a lover, sometimes more like a family. This emotion should be difficult to forget. Development of mentoring relationship finally test the wisdom of coaches and players to each other.
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Kearney, Niamh. "Relative Energy Deficiency in Female Collegiate Track and Field Athletes." 2016. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/nutrition_theses/78.
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ABSTRACT
Title: Relative Energy Deficiency in Female Collegiate Track & Field Athletes.
Background: Energy deficiency and its consequences have long been studied in female athletes because of it’s potential for increasing risks of illness and injury. Sustaining an energy deficient diet while training and during competition may result in muscle loss and reduction in performance. Studies suggest that athletes competing in sports focusing on appearance or a lean physique are at high risk for energy deficiency. In 2014, the IOC developed the concept of ‘Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport’ (RED-S) to include new components not previously included in the Female Athlete Triad. A study has not yet been completed applying the RED-S paradigm in collegiate track and field athletes.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of RED-S in female collegiate track and field athletes. It was hypothesized that the majority of collegiate track and field athletes experience RED-S. It was also hypothesized that a greater percentage of distance runners experience RED-S than other track and field athletes, including throwers, jumpers, and sprinters. The components of RED-S assessed were menstrual function, bone health, and energy expenditure.
Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study, obtaining data through the use of a questionnaire and a relative energy expenditure index on a population of 12 female collegiate track and field athletes. Data were obtained through the use of a LEAF-Q questionnaire, a three-day food and exercise recall, and body composition analysis.
Results: The 12 athletes were a combination of distance runners (n=5), throwers (n=2), and sprinters (n=5). Average subject characteristics were: age (20.6 ±1. 44 years), height (165.6 ±7.5cm), weight (63.58 ± 16.97kg), and body fat percentage (20.9± 7.2). Average energy intake over three days was 2146 kcal (±627), and the average predicted energy expenditure was 2380 kcal (±458). Average hours spent in a catabolic (52.8 ± 24.0), highly catabolic (37.5 ± 25.0), anabolic (19.2 ± 24.0), and highly anabolic state (12.4 ± 21.0). Subjects were in a negative energy balance state the majority of the days analyzed, and 75% of the population had at least one day of dietary recall below 45 kcal/kg FFM/day. Spearman’s rho analysis found a significant inverse correlation between Day 1 hours spent in optimal energy balance (± 400 kcal) and body fat percent (p=0.024, rs= -0.643), and significant positive correlation between Day 1 hours spent in optimal energy balance (± 400 kcal) and fat free mass percentage (p=0.03, rs=0.625). Spearman’s rho analysis also found an inverse correlation between Day 1 hours spent in an energy deficit (s= -0.626), and a positive correlation between Day 1 hours spent in an energy deficit and body fat percentage (p=0.026, rs=0.636). Seven out of twelve participants scored ≥ 8 on the LEAF-Q putting them at risk for RED-S.
Conclusion: The study highlights the misleading effect of averaging multiple days of dietary recall on energy balance. When participant’s dietary recalls were assessed day by day the majority of hours were spent in a catabolic state, however when the three days of the recall were averaged the severity of the hours spent in a catabolic state lessened. The associations in this study are consistent with previous studies evaluating the relationships between energy balance deficits and body composition, indicating that longer duration spent in an energy deficit is associated with lower lean and higher fat mass. The findings from the LEAF-Q show that 58% of participants were at risk for RED-S, and half of all participants had or were experiencing menstrual dysfunction.
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Crowley, Charles L. Jackson E. Newton. "Factors influencing college choice among track and field student athletes at NCAA D-1 conference HBCUs." 2004. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07092004-193820.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2004.<br>Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 22, 2004). Advisor: Dr. E. Newton Jackson, Jr., Florida State University, College of Education, Dept. of Sport Management, Recreation Management, and Physical Education. Includes bibliographical references.
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TSENG, LIN-YU, and 曾琳瑜. "A Study on Sports Participating Motivation, Social Support and Sports Performance of Track and Field Athletes of National High School Athletic Games." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rtde8f.
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碩士<br>國立雲林科技大學<br>休閒運動研究所<br>107<br>The purpose of the research was to realize Sports Participating Motivation and Social Support of the track and field athletes of National High School Athletic Games of the year 108. It was aimed to study the differences in research for different background variables, and the final part was to explore its relevance. The main idea was to discuss the track and field athletes’ participating motivation sports and social support. A paper-version questionnaire was conducted on convenience sampling issued a total of 450 questionnaires, and received available samples 430 total in the end. One statistical software, SPSS 20.0, was also used to analyze the research data. The methods included descriptive statistics, t-test, Reliability and validity test, one-way ANOVA analysis and regression analysis data analysis. The findings of this study were as follows：
1.There are some significant differences in the motivation of participating in the physical education class between the different.
2.There are some significant differences in social support between the national sports athletes of different backgrounds.
3.There is no significant difference in athletic performance between athletes from different backgrounds.
4.The motivation of participating sports and social support have a positive impact on athletic performance.
5.Social support has a partial mediation effect between motivation and athletic performance.
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Avedisian, Lori-Ann. "The effect of selected buffering agents on performance in the competitive 1600 meter run." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34916.
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Kanaoka, Tomoki. "Foot Placement During Sprinting And Its Effect On Biomechanics Of Sprint Performance In NCAA Division-I Female Track And Field Runners." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/10482.
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