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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Trade routes – Eurasia – History"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 28 de julio de 2025

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1

Lee, Juyeon. "Muslim Merchant activities as seen in Ming Dynasty Records about Western Region emissaries." Institute of History and Culture Hankuk University of Foreign Studies 93 (February 28, 2025): 415–56. https://doi.org/10.18347/hufshis.2025.93.415.

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This study analyses the records of the Timurid emissaries to identify the Eurasian land routes and to learn about Muslim merchants who operated along them. At first, we examined the relationship of the Islamic merchant to the state. Timurid emissaries in the Ming records were authorized merchants who were partners in securing economic benefits for the state. Therefore, Timurid emissaries were committed to maintaining east-west connections via land routes as much as possible during the 15th century, a period of great turmoil in Eurasia, during which various routes came and went. Timurids, howev

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2

Sińczak, Tomasz. "Euroazjatycka późna starożytność czy Jedwabne Szlaki? Polityczne, kulturowe i ekonomiczne konstrukty pojęciowe w studiach nad historią i kulturą Orientu." Studia Orientalne 29, no. 1 (2024): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/so2024103.

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In contemporary historiography, there is a growing interest in interactions between nomadic peoples and the empires of sedentary peoples in antiquity, with particular emphasis on late antiquity. Differences in the perception of nomadic communities’ impact on the economy cause a conceptual confusion. It is largely due to differences in the perception of the influence that nomadic communities had in shaping the functioning of trade routes leading from one part of Eurasia to another. This article organises and indicates the origin of concepts, such as the Silk Road, the cultural complex of centra

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3

Dankov, A. G., and E. V. Savkovich. "Transformation of the Transport Framework of Eurasia in the Beginning of the 21st Century." Journal of International Analytics 16, no. 1 (2025): 198–210. https://doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2025-16-1-198-210.

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For centuries, Eurasia has played a key role in shaping global trade and cultural ties. Transport corridors have been the arteries through which goods, ideas, and people have circulated, determining the economic and political development of regions. Throughout history, these corridors have undergone significant transformations, reflecting the evolution of technology, geopolitical realities, and economic priorities. From the legendary Silk Road to modern transcontinental routes, the history of Eurasian transport corridors is a history of continuous development and adaptation to changing conditi

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4

Khan, Shoaib. "Eurasian Connectivity: Interests of Regional and Great Powers." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 22, no. 1 (2022): 126–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2022-22-1-126-141.

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This article analyses the structure of trading networks in Eurasia and raises important questions on the relationship between these networks and the geopolitical contexts they navigate. Obviously, the geopolitical ambitions of multiple nation-states directly affect the lives and activities of the traders. Besides, nation-states also seek to instrumentally use the trading networks and communities that operate across their territories in order to expand their geopolitical reach and influence. The ultimate goal of these efforts is to dismantle trade barriers among regional players and invigorate

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5

Khan, Shoaib. "Eurasian Connectivity: Interests of Regional and Great Powers." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 22, no. 1 (2022): 126–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2022-22-1-126-141.

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This article analyses the structure of trading networks in Eurasia and raises important questions on the relationship between these networks and the geopolitical contexts they navigate. Obviously, the geopolitical ambitions of multiple nation-states directly affect the lives and activities of the traders. Besides, nation-states also seek to instrumentally use the trading networks and communities that operate across their territories in order to expand their geopolitical reach and influence. The ultimate goal of these efforts is to dismantle trade barriers among regional players and invigorate

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6

Kawakubo, Shusuke, Fangluan Gao, Shifang Li, et al. "Genomic analysis of the brassica pathogen turnip mosaic potyvirus reveals its spread along the former trade routes of the Silk Road." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 12 (2021): e2021221118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021221118.

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Plant pathogens have agricultural impacts on a global scale and resolving the timing and route of their spread can aid crop protection and inform control strategies. However, the evolutionary and phylogeographic history of plant pathogens in Eurasia remains largely unknown because of the difficulties in sampling across such a large landmass. Here, we show that turnip mosaic potyvirus (TuMV), a significant pathogen of brassica crops, spread from west to east across Eurasia from about the 17th century CE. We used a Bayesian phylogenetic approach to analyze 579 whole genome sequences and up to 71

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7

Abilov, Shamkhal, and Beyrak Hajiyev. "The European Union–Azerbaijan high-level transport dialogue: A timely reaction to the structural changes?" Journal of Eurasian Studies 13, no. 1 (2021): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/18793665211054516.

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The European Union (EU) and Azerbaijan high-level transport dialogue is the continuation of the long period of cooperation between the EU and Azerbaijan in the area of transport since the early 1990s. The geopolitical and geo-economic maps of Eurasia, the South Caucasus, and the regions around have significantly changed since then thanks to rise of China, India, and other regional actors. These actors in their turn began to initiate competitive logistical and transportation projects to define terms and conditions of the making of Eurasian transport and trade routes. The ultimate goal is to hav

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8

Egshig, Shagdarsuren. "The Silk Road as a Model for the BRI." Acta Mongolica 21, no. 541 (2023): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/am.202301.06.

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Roads are dynamic. Among various trade roads such as the Great Inka Road, Steppe Road, Silk Road, Tea Horse Road, Tea Road and Maritime Porcelain Road, the Silk Road has been raised three times in its history. Nomads and merchant communities on Silk Road moved more frequently, they had more opportunities to make pathways. The Mongols established their horse courier stations (Mongolian: örtöö) in the vast Eurasian plain during the Mongolian Empire. Through the courier service, letters, oral messages and news passed extremely rapidly. The Mongolian Khans or emperors created a management of trade

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9

KHITAKHUNOV, Azimzhan. "THE CHINA-KYRGYZSTAN-UZBEKISTAN RAILWAY: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES." Eurasian Research Journal 6, no. 3 (2024): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.53277/2519-2442-2024.3-03.

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This paper aims to analyse the causes and consequences of the China-Kyrgyzstan- Uzbekistan railway. The project is one of the most important and ambitious in the modern history of Central Asia. The construction of the railway will transform trade and transit routes in Eurasia. The paper argues that the start of the project was driven by internal, regional, and global factors. The expected benefits from the railway are significant for each participating country. Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan plan to develop their infrastructure, diversify exports, and penetrate new markets, while China diversifies

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10

Zimonyi, István. "The Role of Trade in the Conversion to Islam and in the History of the Volga Bulghars." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 4 (2022): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080021351-3.

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The trade-network of Afro-Eurasia changed radically in the 9th–10th centuries, instead of the former east-west routes the south-north came to the fore. The Volga-Kama region became the most important port of trade between the Islamic world and Eastern Europe in the beginning of the 10th century which set in motion the formation of the Volga Bulghar state and the conversion to Islam. The Volga Bulghars are mentioned in the Muslim sources as the center of trade. Ibn Faḍlān, al-Masʿūdī give a detailed picture of this intensive trade. The Muslim dirhams came from Samanid mints to the Volga region

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11

Smith, Pamela H. "Tracing the Movement of Knowledge across Vast Distances and Long Temporal Spans." Transfers 9, no. 1 (2019): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2019.090106.

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A research group at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science on “Itineraries of Materials, Recipes, Techniques, and Knowledge in the Early Modern World” held a series of workshops (2014–2015) on the movement of knowledge (materials, techniques, objects) across Eurasia, resulting in an edited volume. Participants articulated a framework of “entangled itineraries,” “material complexes,” and “nodes of convergence” by which historians might follow routes of knowledge-making extending over very long distances and/or great spans of time. The key concepts are (1) “material complex” denotin

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12

TECZKE, Maciej, Talant KALIYEVA, Lyazzat SEMBIYEVA, Aida ZHAGYPAROVA, Makpal ZHOLAMANOVA, and Aigerim ZHUSSUPOVA. "Silk Roads Routes. Sustainable Tourism after COVID-19." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 13, no. 4 (2022): 1192. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v13.4(60).24.

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Since ancient times, people have traveled and exchanged goods, technology and ideas with neighboring settlements. The vast Eurasian continent has traditionally been a crossroads of trade routes, which helped create the increasingly famous Silk Road. Sea routes were created connecting East and West by water, which were mainly used for the trade in spices, which gave rise to the "spice route". Numerous road networks helped not only in the transportation of goods and luxury goods, but also in the transfer of knowledge, ideas, culture and beliefs, and had a great influence on the history and devel

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13

Galli, Marco. "Beyond frontiers: Ancient Rome and the Eurasian trade networks." Journal of Eurasian Studies 8, no. 1 (2017): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euras.2016.12.001.

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During the second half of the 19th century, the Roman Empire was already considered one of the key players inside the Eurasian networks. This research focuses on four relevant points. From a historiographical perspective, the reconstruction of the trading routes represented a central theme in the history of the relationship between the Roman Empire and the Far East. Imagining a plurality of itineraries and combinations of overland and sea routes, it is possible to reconstruct a complex reality in which the Eurasian networks during the Early Roman Empire developed. As far as economics is concer

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14

Eduard V., Batunaev. "Russian-Mongolian Trade and Economic Relations at the Beginning of the 20th Century: History and Stages of Development." Humanitarian Vector 16, no. 6 (2021): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-6-20-28.

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For a long time, trade relations in this region have played an important role between agricultural and nomadic cultures. The Great Silk Road, the first trans-Eurasian trade route connecting East Asia and the Mediterranean in antiquity and the Middle Ages, promoted an intensive exchange of goods, interpenetration of cultures, transfer of knowledge and technology. Russia and Mongolia have long common borders, close economic, cultural, and religious ties of border territories. The study shows the development of Russian-Mongolian trade and economic relations, considers the volume of trade, analysi

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15

Feldbacher, Rainer. "The Sitan-countries: History as challenge along the Silk Road." Technium Social Sciences Journal 18 (April 7, 2021): 648–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v18i1.2988.

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The Eurasian trade route was more than 6,000 kilometers long and split into several sub-strands and has a long history. Now all of these routes have been revived. With a corresponding expansion of the infrastructure, certain circumstances are still challenging in the 21st century: nationalism, especially among the former Soviet states, security in times of global terror, and economic competition. The Central Asian region is a melting pot of different ethnic groups, in ancient, as well as more recent, history, sometimes with more harmonious coexistence, and sometimes with more conflicts that in

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16

Kunz, Michael L., and Robin O. Mills. "A Precolumbian Presence of Venetian Glass Trade Beads in Arctic Alaska." American Antiquity 86, no. 2 (2021): 395–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2020.100.

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Excavation at three Late Prehistoric Eskimo sites in arctic Alaska has revealed the presence of Venetian glass trade beads in radiocarbon-dated contexts that predate Columbus's discovery of the Western Hemisphere. The bead variety, commonly known as “Early Blue” and “Ichtucknee Plain,” has been confirmed by expert examination and comparative Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). The beads are present in sites throughout the Caribbean, the eastern coast of Central and North America, and the eastern Great Lakes region, where they are commonly found in sites dating between approximatel

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17

Nabhan, Gary Paul. "Aromas Emanating from the Driest of Places." Gastronomica 14, no. 1 (2014): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2014.14.1.44.

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This chapter interweaves the author's personal journey, which begins in the deserts of Arabia, with a reconstruction of the beginnings of the Semitic peoples and the etymologic origins of the words for aromatics and spices. It also describes the properties and uses of frankincense. The book from which this chapter is taken—the author's Cumin, Camels, and Caravans: A Spice Odyssey (University of California Press, 2014)—is the first to relate the spice trade to culinary and ecological imperialism and to demonstrate the indelible mark that Semitic peoples had in managing the spice trade not only

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18

Slavin, Philip. "From the Tian Shan to Crimea: Dynamics of Plague Spread during the Early Stages of the Black Death, 1338–46." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 66, no. 5-6 (2023): 513–627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341601.

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Abstract The present paper aims to reconstruct tentative ways, in which the Black Death (the first wave of the Second Plague Pandemic) spread from its now-established home in the Tian Shan region to Western Eurasia between c.1338/41 and 1346. On the basis of all the available evidence—textual, palaeogenetic, archaeological, topographic, numismatic and palaeoclimatalogical—the article argues for two phases of the plague spread: (1) the slow phase of c.1338/41–45, hindered by political and commercial crises in the Mongol Empire, but especially the Chaghadaid khanate, as well as by local environm

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19

Mishra, Ravi K. "The ‘Silk Road’: Historical Perspectives and Modern Constructions." Indian Historical Review 47, no. 1 (2020): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0376983620922431.

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As it is frequently the case in the modern world, the term ‘Silk Road’ or ‘Silk Roads’ is of colonial provenance. The elaborate network of ancient routes originating in the fourth millennium bc and linking various parts of the Eurasian landmass through Central Asia was re-imagined and reinvented in the late nineteenth century as a ‘Silk Road’ connecting China with the Roman Empire, thereby undermining the role of the steppe with its various nomadic and oasis cultures which had always been at the heart of this Eurasian system of trade and other exchange. Ever since, historiography has focussed

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20

Kuroda, Akinobu. "The Eurasian silver century, 1276–1359: commensurability and multiplicity." Journal of Global History 4, no. 2 (2009): 245–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022809003143.

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AbstractAcross the Eurasian continent, from England to Korea, silver suddenly became abundant in the late thirteenth century, only to become scarce again in the 1360s. The annual silver output from the London mint and the yearly silver rupee issued in Bengal moved virtually in tandem, arguably as a result of the Mongol empire lifting silver out of the lower tiers of the market and maintaining its flow along the highways of long-distance trade. In this first silver century, monetary usages formed multiple strata, and the circulation of silver remained in a high-level circuit in the hierarchy of

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21

Margarita, Smirnova, and Vasilenko Elena. "Features of transformation and synthesis of national art of India in contemporary design." SHS Web of Conferences 69 (2019): 00111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196900111.

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The article examines the influence of the national culture of India on modern design. The reflection of ethnic features in different types of art is considered. At the present stage of design development it is important to preserve the age-old traditions of art and culture, synthesis with modern life, materials and technologies. In this regard, of particular interest is the national culture, formed under the influence of economic and geographical (crossing the most important migration and trade routes of Eurasia), climatic conditions, artistic traditions and ancient religious beliefs. Empirica

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22

Baltabayeva, A. Yu, A. Abubakirova, and А. О. Syzdykova. "IMPORTANCE OF THE SILK ROAD AND THE SILK ROAD ECONOMIC BELT PROJECT." BULLETIN 389, no. 1 (2021): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1467.13.

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The interaction of different political, economic, historical and cultural dynamics of societies play an important role in the emergence of civilizations. The interaction of these dynamics with each other was realized by means of transportation due to reasons such as trade, migration, war, diplomacy. Transportation routes have been the most important element that provides the relationship of space between people and societies through the means that have developed in the historical process. The factor that makes the transportation route valuable and lasting depends on its geopolitical and geostr

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23

Høisæter, Tomas Larsen. "Islands in a sea of sand: The role of Tarim Basin polities in global trade during late antiquity." Journal of Global History 18, no. 3 (2023): 401–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022823000189.

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AbstractMuch of the literature on the Ancient Silk Road has examined its operation through the prism of empires and East-West connections. Yet in the last few decades several scholars have sought to re-examine this framework, with a number suggesting that the roots of the Silk Road exchange network should be sought instead in the many polities which lay along its routes. This article similarly seeks to challenge the traditional ‘Silk Road of Empires’ concept by applying approaches from global history and examining both archaeological and written sources from the third- and fourth-century kingd

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24

Bazarov, Boris V., Damdin D. Badaraev, Chingis Ts Tsyrenov, Evgenii V. Nolev та Alexandr D. Gombozhapov. "Россия, Монголия, Китай: исторические проекции межстранового взаимодействия". Oriental studies 16, № 4 (2023): 727–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2023-68-4-727-741.

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Introduction. The Russia-Mongolia-China Economic Corridor (RCM) is an important regional initiative aimed at expanding ties and developing economic cooperation in Northeast Asia. Insights into historical contexts of the corridor are essential for understanding its current dynamics and future prospects. Goals. The article attempts a comprehensive analysis of historical aspects related to the Russia-China-Mongolia Economic Corridor, with due account of historical projections, geopolitical factors, and historical trade routes that had shaped economic relations between the nations. The paper shall

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25

Abidenkyzy, Ainur, and Assel Almabekova. "HISTORICAL ASPECTS AND TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLITICAL INITIATIVE «ONE BELT, ONE ROAD» IN KAZAKHSTAN." KAZAKHSTAN ORIENTAL STUDIES 11, no. 3 (2024): 246–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.63051/kos.2024.3.246.

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Annotation. The article examines the history of the emergence and current course of the Chinese initiative "One Belt, one Road". The main purpose of the article is the analysis of economic and cultural cooperation between Kazakhstan and China, the analysis of the results. The "One Belt, One Road" initiative, which has attracted great attention from the international community and received positive feedback from the relevant countries. The New Silk Road in the 21st century is a large trade network combining transport, energy and telecommunications, as well as an international initiative to prom

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26

Azimqulov, Firdavs. "Evolving Sino-Uzbek relations: a constructivist analysis of the belt and road initiative and recent reforms (2015-2023)." International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental 5, no. 2 (2025): 31–36. https://doi.org/10.37547/ijmef/volume05issue02-08.

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The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was launched by the People’s Republic of China in 2013. After a while, it has been regarded as one of the most ambitious infrastructure projects throughout modern history due to its trillion-dollar expenditures and the involvement of multiple states. It aims to connect the Eurasian and African continents into one network of transport and trade routes. This initiative from a certain angle revives the ancient Silk Road and promotes economic integration across regions. Uzbekistan is, from its geographical position, located in a double-landlocked place in Central

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27

Rodríguez-Robles, Lucía, Sama Rahimi Devin, Xia Ye, et al. "Prunus Movement Across the Silk Road: An Integrated Evolutionary and Breeding Analysis." Horticulturae 10, no. 12 (2024): 1381. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10121381.

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In the past, the Silk Road was a vital trade route that spanned Eurasia, connecting East Asia to the Mediterranean Sea. The genus Prunus, belonging to the Rosaceae family and encompassing plums, peaches, apricots, cherries, and almonds, thrived as human travel along the Silk Road increased. The majority of fruits within this genus, whether wild or cultivated, are naturally sweet and easily preserved by drying for storage and transport. The interaction along the Silk Road between wild populations and diverse varieties of Prunus fruits led to the development of various hybrids. This article prov

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28

Zoidov, Kobiljon Kh, Alexey A. Medkov, and Zafar K. Zoidov. "Conceptual approaches and current projects for the formation of Greater Eurasia." Market economy problems, no. 1 (2025): 186–205. https://doi.org/10.33051/2500-2325-2025-1-186-205.

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The research is aimed at developing conceptual approaches, describing and analyzing actual projects for the formation of Greater Eurasia. Goal. The analysis of current global economic and military-political processes that determine the necessity and lack of alternative to the creation of Greater Eurasia to ensure the sustainable development of Russia and the EAEU countries. Tasks. Description and analysis of scientific approaches to the problem of the formation of Greater Eurasia, substantiation of the conclusion that the process of creating a new integration association has not yet progressed

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29

Jamburia, Salome. "Historic Premise of the Silk Roads in the South Caucasus." Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 28, no. 1 (2022): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700577-20221403.

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Abstract In this article, I examine the evidence for the trade route coming into and passing through the South Caucasus in antiquity. The synthesis is undertaken in view of ancient literary sources, historical research and new archaeological evidence. The outcome reasserts the existence of the cross-border route in the South Caucasus. Further work should be undertaken to throw more light on the extent of this route and the role it played in ancient Eurasian society.

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Sh., Egshig. "Steppe Road, the Heart of Northern Eurasian Nomadic Civilization." Mongolian Journal of Foreign Languages and Culture 23, no. 507 (2023): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/mjflc.v23i507.1967.

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The opening of Steppe Road in the backdrop of grasslands and the subsequent development of the northern Eurasian nomadic civilization along the Road left a huge footprint in the history of human civilization. However, as nomadic civilizations have been neglected as "marginalized civilization", research on the Steppe Road has long been stagnant. As humanity enters the age of global multi-civilization, the time has come to direct our attentions to the study of nomadic civilization and the Steppe Road, its main trade route to the rest of the world.

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Warmuth, Vera M., Michael G. Campana, Anders Eriksson, Mim Bower, Graeme Barker, and Andrea Manica. "Ancient trade routes shaped the genetic structure of horses in eastern Eurasia." Molecular Ecology 22, no. 21 (2013): 5340–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.12491.

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Jaipal, Vishal. "Trading Gods: Religious Syncretism Along the Silk Road and Indian Ocean." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 9, no. 4 (2024): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2024.v09.n04.030.

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This paper explores the multifaceted phenomenon of religious syncretism along the ancient Silk Road and Indian Ocean trade routes. It investigates how these historic conduits not only facilitated the exchange of goods but also served as crucibles for the transmission and amalgamation of religious beliefs, practices, and iconography across vast geographical expanses. Through a comprehensive analysis of archaeological findings, historical texts, and artistic representations, this study illuminates the intricate encounters between diverse religious traditions such as Buddhism, Hinduism, Zoroastri

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Mirzaraximova, Nargiza. "THE ROLE OF THE KHANATES OF CENTRAL ASIA IN THE FORMATION OF THE GREAT SILK ROAD." MODERN SCIENCE AND RESEARCH 2, no. 12 (2024): 629–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10455789.

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<em>This study analyzes the political and economic functions of the medieval khanates in Central Asia and their contribution to the development of transcontinental trade networks known as the Silk Road. With stable governance and security provided by militarized khanates such as the Khwarezmians, Karakhanids and the Mongol Empire, land routes flourished connecting China, India, Persia and the Mediterranean world. Merchants used this stability to expand trade in luxury goods and necessities, including silk, spices, glassware, paper, and more. The khanates grew wealthy by serving as hubs where g

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34

Volichenko, Olga, XiaoYu Huang, Wei Xiong, Fei Wu, and Azyk Orozonova. "Typology and architectural characteristics of trade complexes on historic trade routes: Analysis on the example of the Great Silk Road caravanserai." Architectural Studies 10, no. 1 (2024): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.56318/as/1.2024.24.

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Studies on the typology and architectural features of trade complexes located on historical routes, caravanserais of the Great Silk Road, remain relevant in the modern world, as these structures not only represent historical heritage but also have the potential to understand the impact of trade and cultural exchange on the formation of the urban environment. The study aims to identify the typology and architectural features of trade complexes located on historical routes, with an in-depth study of the Great Silk Road caravanserais. The study includes the application of an analytical approach,

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Safavi-Abbasi, Sam, Leonardo B. C. Brasiliense, Ryan K. Workman, et al. "The fate of medical knowledge and the neurosciences during the time of Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire." Neurosurgical Focus 23, no. 1 (2007): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc-07/07/e13.

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✓In 25 years, the Mongolian army of Genghis Khan conquered more of the known world than the Roman Empire accomplished in 400 years of conquest. The recent revised view is that Genghis Khan and his descendants brought about “pax Mongolica” by securing trade routes across Eurasia. After the initial shock of destruction by an unknown barbaric tribe, almost every country conquered by the Mongols was transformed by a rise in cultural communication, expanded trade, and advances in civilization. Medicine, including techniques related to surgery and neurological surgery, became one of the many areas o

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Vorkunova, O., A. Khotivrishvili, A. Tsvyk, and M. Shpakovskaya. "Sino-European Relations in Greater Eurasia." World Economy and International Relations 64, no. 12 (2020): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2020-64-12-96-104.

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The article considers the phenomenon of European-Chinese cooperation in the context of the transformation of Eurasia as an international region. Particular attention is paid to the development of China’s relations with the countries of Eastern and Central Europe and the Western Balkans; the features of China’s interaction with the countries of Southern Europe are revealed. The paper provides an analysis of factors influencing the correlation and struggle between new trends in the process of the innovation space formation in Eurasia. The role of Europe and China in the development of new transi

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Zenkina, E. V., and V. M. Kutovoi. "Transport system and its impact on the sustainable development of the Russian economy." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 2 (April 7, 2019): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2019-2-95-100.

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The main advantage of Russia is its huge territory, and as a сonsequence its transit potential. All the shortest trade routes, connecting Asia and Europe, pass through the Russian territory. For sustainable economic development and strengthening of Russia’s influence, it is important to realize the transport potential of the region, in which Russia will occupy a key place as a transit country. To be a full-fledged participant in world trade, Russia needs a modern transport system. The problems of the current state of the transport system of Eurasia have been considered in the article, the ways

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Rybin, Evgeny P., and Arina M. Khatsenovich. "The Concepts, Chronology and Dispersal Routes of the Initial Upper Paleolithic of South Siberia and Central Asia." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 68, no. 4 (2023): 1039–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.413.

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The article considers the chronology and distribution of the earliest blade of the Initial Upper Paleolithic in Central and Eastern Eurasia. Based on a review of the available evidence, it is concluded that the spread of the Initial Upper Paleolithic tradition is relatively rapid, with the difference between the older dates from the Altai Upper Paleolithic laminar assemblages (ca 45–49 ka BP, Kara-Bom UP2 level), and the younger dates from the industries east of Altai is minimal, and most often does not exceed one-two thousand years. Initial Upper Paleolithic industries replace Late Middle Pal

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LEIMUS, IVAR, and PAVEL SHIRINKIN. "VOLGA-BULGAR COIN HOARD OF THE BEGINNING OF THE X CENTURY (GORBUNOVO VILLAGE, CHERDYNSKY CITY DISTRICT, PERM KRAI)." Культурный код, no. 2023-2 (2023): 70–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36945/2658-3852-2023-2-70-88.

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The territory of the Perm Krai is a significant region in Eurasia in terms of the number, types and uniqueness of numismatic finds from the early Middle Ages of the pre-Mongol era; the specifics, geography and commodity groups entering the Kama region in exchange for numismatic material are revealed; facts on discovered treasures, finds, individual coins are given; the significance and uniqueness of the Volga-Kama hydrographic network, a priori determined the formation of ancient trade routes from the Kama region in the north, to Central Asia, the Middle East, the Black Sea region, etc. The ro

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Perdue, Peter C. "Strange Parallels across Eurasia." Social Science History 32, no. 2 (2008): 263–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200010774.

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Victor Lieberman'sStrange Parallelsis the culmination of an extended effort to compare many major polities of the Eurasian continent in the early modern age. Lieberman finds common cycles of administrative integration and disintegration that were increasingly synchronized over time. Although he does not give a single-factor explanation for this synchronization, his model provides a common vocabulary for political, economic, and cultural analysis that can inspire all comparative world historians. China, however, is missing from this analysis, even though its dynastic cycles share much with the

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Boiko, I. V. "Eurasian Civilization in the Context of the Great Silk Road Logistics." EURASIAN INTEGRATION: economics, law, politics 14, no. 2 (2021): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-2929-2021-02-40-48.

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The significance of the Great Silk Road is interesting not only by its history, but by the knowledge, required for the better understanding of the current economic and political realities as well. The introduction of the new insights into the essence of the Eurasian trade route, its emergence and destruction studied under the projection on the contemporary processes, undermining the global supply chain represents the main idea of the given research. In the article, the Great Silk Road is represented in the logistics framework: generation of the freight flows, peculiarity of their material comp

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Zoidov, Kobiljon Kh, and Alexey A. Medkov. "Problems of formation and development of the modern Russian economy on the evolutionary and institutional basis of the Russian statehood." Market economy problems, no. 1 (2021): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33051/2500-2325-2021-1-149-162.

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The research is aimed at identifying, describing and analyzing the problems of the formation and development of the modern Russian economy on the evolutionary and institutional basis of the Russian statehood and developing recommendations for the implementation of a promising state foreign and domestic economic policy. Goal. On the basis of historical and economic analysis, to identify the ways of further socio-economic development of Russia, the directions of the revival and strengthening of the Russian statehood, by activating the transport and transit direction «North-South», the formation

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Zoidov, Kobiljon. "The evolution of Eurasian relations in the spirit of Great Silk Road: Review of the scientific materials." Economics and the Mathematical Methods 58, no. 1 (2022): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s042473880018965-0.

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In the review article, based on the methods of evolutionary and institutional theory, system paradigm, analytical assessment and historical approach, a comprehensive review of scientific materials concerning the evolution of trade, economic and military-political Euro-Asian relations and organizational and institutional directions of the revival of the spirit of the Great Silk Road (GSR) as an instrument of innovation and integration interaction in the space of global Eurasia, including without the participation of China, is given. The study is a continuation of the authors&apos; work on t

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Yokkaichi, Yasuhiro. "The Maritime and Continental Networks of Kīsh Merchants under Mongol Rule: The Role of the Indian Ocean, Fārs and Iraq." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 62, no. 2-3 (2019): 428–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341484.

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AbstractBased on a variety of literary and archaeological sources, notably the tariff lists produced in Rasulid Yemen, this study reconstructs the trade routes of the Kīsh merchants, demonstrating that the Persian Gulf route—between South and West India (Coromandel, Malabar, and Gujarat) and Iraq via the Persian Gulf—and the Red Sea route—between South and West India and Egypt via the Red Sea—were closely connected in the Mongol period. This not only manifests aspects of the proto-globalization in Mongol Eurasia but also argues against the supposed economic decline of post-1258 Baghdad and the

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Doszhanova, Akmaral Ivanovna. "Intercultural communication on the territory of Eurasia: historical and cultural heritage of the Great Silk Road." Uchenyy Sovet (Academic Council), no. 1 (January 5, 2023): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/nik-02-2301-01.

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The article shows that many modern scientists believe it was trade that became the prime mover of consistent humankind development. In addition to the exchange of resources, the exchange somehow implied not only material values, but also spiritual ones. Terms from another language were assimilated and transformed; the increased need for knowledge of other languages gave rise to a new specialization, such as translators. Even such subtle spheres of culture as religion were subject to exchange, with ideals and motivation making the foundation for the emergence of other, sometimes very original b

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Shen, Yingning, Junmin Liu, Jianan Han, and Xiang Wan. "Reconstructing the Silk Road Network: Insights from Spatiotemporal Patterning of UNESCO World Heritage Sites." Land 13, no. 9 (2024): 1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13091401.

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Building on the observation of gaps in current research, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the spatial patterns of heritage sites along the Silk Road, focusing on how historical trade routes shaped what are now recognized as heritage sites. Using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage List, the research examines heritage sites across Eurasia and North Africa, with a specific emphasis on the Silk Road corridors. This study employs a spatiotemporal approach, categorizing sites into northern overland routes and southern

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Romaniello, Matthew P. "True rhubarb? Trading Eurasian botanical and medical knowledge in the eighteenth century." Journal of Global History 11, no. 1 (2016): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022815000327.

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AbstractEarly modern Russia sat at the intersection of Eurasian trade networks, which allowed both commodities and information to move from east to west and north to south. Rhubarb exported from China had held a prominent position in Western medical treatments since the classical era, but improved transportation and communication between Europe and Asia through Russia enabled the growth of the medicinal rhubarb trade to unexpected heights after 1760. Earlier studies of rhubarb have focused on European interests in uncovering ‘true’ medicinal rhubarb, but this article will situate the plant as

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Babajanyan, Astghik, and Kathryn Franklin. "Everyday life on the medieval Silk Road: VDSRS excavations at Arpa, Armenia." ARAMAZD: Armenian Journal of Near Eastern Studies 12, no. 1 (2018): 155–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/ajnes.v12i1.898.

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The contemporary term ‘Silk Road’ refers to multiple centuries of movement, exchange and mutual development that tied together the cities, towns and route networks of Eurasia. During the high and late medieval periods (12th -15th centuries AD), the routes of the ‘Silk Road’ linked cities in China to the Mediterranean, passing through Central Asia and the Caucasus. The phenomenon of the medieval Silk Road is important for historical narratives within the Republic of Armenia: longstanding models of the rise of cities and kingdoms in Armenia argue that settlements such as Dvin and Ani, were linke

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Abdrimov, Zarifboy. "MA’MUNIY XORAZMSHOHLAR DAVRI SAVDO MARKAZLARI VA SAVDO YO‘LLARI." TAMADDUN NURI JURNALI 9, no. 60 (2024): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.69691/n8y3fw78.

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Although the processes of trade relations that passed through the Northern branch of the Great Silk Road in the late 10th - early 11th centuries have been relatively widely studied, but the cities that have a great influence in these trade processes, Information about caravan centers and trade routes was not summarized and a single conclusion was reached. In the history of Khorezm, the issue of trade centers and trade routes during the Ma'muni dynasty is considered one of the most urgent problems, and this article is devoted to this topic.

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Otaboyeva, Muhayyo. "THE IMPORTANCE OF KHOREZM IN THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE SYSTEM." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2, no. 2 (2025): 88–93. https://doi.org/10.70728/44eepy22.

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This article discusses the unique place of Khorezm on the trade caravan routes. In particular, the importance of the trade system during the Timurid era and its significance for the country's economy and determining its place in the international political arena are described. At the same time, while reflecting on the political history of Khorezm, its aspirations to liberate Khorezm, which was divided into two under the Mongols, and the embassy relations and trade relations skillfully conducted by Amir Temur are reflected. The activity of various caravan routes is discussed separately, and its

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