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Tesis sobre el tema "Transfert pavlovian à instrumental"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 23 de noviembre de 2024

Última modificación: 31 de julio de 2025

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1

Seabrooke, Tina. "Controlled and automatic processes in Pavlovian-instrumental transfer." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/8550.

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The current research aimed to further current knowledge on the psychological processes that underpin human outcome-selective Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT) effects. PIT reflects the capacity of a Pavlovian stimulus to selectively potentiate an instrumental response that predicts a common rewarding outcome. PIT effects are often suggested to reflect a relatively automatic S-O-R mechanism, where the stimulus activates the sensory properties of the outcome, which then automatically triggers associated instrumental responses. The current research tested this S-O-R account of PIT against a p

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2

Alarcón, Daniel. "The specific Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) effect in humans." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/32733/.

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In Pavlovian conditioning subjects learn the predictive relation between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and a motivationally significant unconditioned stimulus (US), while in instrumental conditioning subjects learn the predictive relation between their responses and a motivationally significant outcome. Both types of associative learning interact in the phenomenon known as the Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) effect. In a PIT procedure subjects received Pavlovian conditioning, in which different CSs are paired with different outcomes (CS1→O1; CS2→O2, etc), and instrumental training, in w

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3

Garbusow, Maria, Daniel J. Schad, Christian Sommer, et al. "Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer in Alcohol Dependence: A Pilot Study." Karger, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71629.

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Background: Pavlovian processes are thought to play an important role in the development, maintenance and relapse of alcohol dependence, possibly by influencing and usurping ongoing thought and behavior. The influence of pavlovian stimuli on ongoing behavior is paradigmatically measured by pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) tasks. These involve multiple stages and are complex. Whether increased PIT is involved in human alcohol dependence is uncertain. We therefore aimed to establish and validate a modified PIT paradigm that would be robust, consistent and tolerated by healthy controls as

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4

Morse, Ashleigh. "The Determinants of Specific Pavlovian-Instrumental Transfer in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16289.

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In the service of their basic needs and desires, animals and humans can use information from their environment to guide their choice between actions. In the laboratory, the ability for reward-predictive cues to control action selection is studied through outcome-specific Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT-S), in which a stimulus associated with a particular outcomes biases choice between actions towards the response that earned that same outcome. This thesis investigates the determinants of PIT-S within the nucleus accumbens shell (NAc-S), which is selectively recruited to mediate PIT-S, and

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5

Quail, Stephanie Louise. "The Associative Mechanism & Neural Correlates of Pavlovian-Instrumental Transfer in Humans." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18244.

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The ability to adapt to a changing environment requires the ability to extract predictive information to guide future action. Predictive information regarding the relationship between the performance of an action, or some external stimulus, and the delivery of a rewarding outcome can influence behaviour. Additionally, these processes can interact; reward-predictive stimuli can influence action-selection and guide choice, effects that can be examined in the laboratory using tests of Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT). In these tests, a stimulus associated with a specific outcome biases acti

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6

Mathers, Claire. "Motivational mechanisms underlying General Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer (PIT) : the effects of negative mood." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2015. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/54342/.

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The extent to which motivational mechanisms contribute to reward seeking processes is crucial to our understanding of certain abnormal behaviours, including addiction. Pavlovian conditioning endows reward-associated stimuli with the ability to modulate goal-directed actions for that same reward (Pavlovian-to-Instrumental transfer; PIT). Learning and motivational theories attempt to describe the processes by which stimuli in the environment acquire incentive properties, attract attention and drive reward-seeking behaviours and bear many resemblances, but there are also important differences. Th

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7

Tensaouti, Yacine. "Contribution of the rat insular cortex to stimulus-guided action." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0216.

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Chaque jour, nous sommes confrontés à de nombreuses décisions qui façonnent nos comportements. Les facteurs influençant ces choix sont multiples. Les besoins et désirs immédiats jouent souvent un rôle important dans la sélection des actions, guidés par la valeur du but. Cependant, il est essentiel de reconnaître l'impact des stimuli environnementaux. Par exemple, les stimuli alimentaires peuvent non seulement nous orienter vers la nourriture, mais aussi déclencher des envies, même en l'absence de faim. Afin d’identifier le rôle du cortex insulaire (CI) du rat dans les actions guidées par des s

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8

Garbusow, Maria. "Learning in alcohol dependence." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18810.

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Die These fasst die ersten Untersuchungen zum Pawlowsch`-Instrumentellen Transfer in alkoholabhängigen (AA) Patienten zusammen. Es ist bekannt, dass kontextuelle Umgebungsreize Verhalten beeinflussen. Tier- und Humanstudien haben gezeigt, dass positive Pawlowsche Reize instrumentelles Antwortverhalten verstärken und negative Pawlowsche Reize dieses reduzieren (PIT-Effekt). Bei Abhängigkeit wird angenommen, dass dieser Mechanismus relevant für Rückfall ist, da z.B. drogenassoziierte Reize bei Patienten im Vergleich zu Kontrollen erhöhtes Verlagen und funktionelle Aktivität in Belohnungsarealen

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9

Cohen, Sabrina Rachel. "Understanding the origin of Pavlovian-instrumental interactions." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/51263/.

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This thesis investigates interactions between Pavlovian and instrumental processes. The first chapter provides an evaluation of various theoretical analyses of how these two processes might interact in the context of two types of phenomena: Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) and the renewal of instrumental responses that have been extinguished. It is argued that the conditions under which both phenomena are observed do not sit readily with the theoretical analyses that have been offered for them. Chapter 2 reports three experiments that examined the conditions under which outcome-selecti

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10

Serna, William Eduardo Patarroyo. "Avaliação do treino com estímulos discriminativos e condicionados sobre a autoadministração endovenosa de morfina em ratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-02102014-145216/.

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Pesquisas com drogas de abuso têm mostrado consistentemente que a apresentação de estímulos ambientais associados ao uso destas substâncias pode induzir comportamentos de busca e autoadministração das mesmas. Existe a hipótese de que o controle que estímulos ambientais adquirem sobre comportamentos de autoadministração e busca por drogas de abuso poderia ser influenciado tanto pela forma de administração da droga, autoadministração (administração ativa) ou heteroadministração (administração passiva), quanto pela contingência (operante ou respondente) em que a droga foi associada com tais estím

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11

Vo, Tang Anna. "The role of ghrelin in Pavlovian and instrumental learning and performance." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17915.

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Ghrelin is an orexigenic peptide that binds to the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). While it is known for regulating homeostatic feeding, recent research has revealed a role for ghrelin in reward-seeking. Missing from this research, however, is a systematic investigation into the role of ghrelin in reward-seeking: it is unclear whether ghrelin provides a reward signal, energises instrumental actions that earn palatable foods, or affects the ability of Pavlovian food-paired cues or food itself to invigorate instrumental responding, either generally or through the retrieval of speci

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12

Genauck, Alexander. "Decision-making and its modulation by cues in addictive disorders." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/21466.

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Diese Dissertation fasst drei wissenschaftliche Arbeiten (Artikel) zusammen, welche sich mit veränderten Entscheidungsprozessen bei substanzgebundenen- und substanzungebundenen Abhängigkeitserkrankungen beschäftigen. In Artikel I wurde beobachtet, dass Probanden mit Alkoholkonsumstörung (AD) und Probanden mit Glücksspielstörung (GD) eine ähnlich reduzierte Verlustaversion gegenüber gesunden Kontrollen (HC) aufweisen. Beide Gruppen zeigten jedoch unterschiedliche neuronale Korrelate dieser reduzierten Verlustaversion: Während AD-Probanden eine unterschiedliche funktionelle Aktivität im dorsal-l

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13

Lesaint, Florian. "Modélisation du conditionnement animal par représentations factorisées dans un système d'apprentissage dual : explication des différences inter-individuelles aux niveaux comportemental et neurophysiologique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066287/document.

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Le conditionnement Pavlovien, l'acquisition de réponses vers des stimuli neutres associés à des récompenses, et le conditionnement instrumental, l'expression de comportements pour atteindre des buts, sont au cœur de nos capacités d'apprentissage. Ils sont souvent étudiés séparément malgré les preuves de leur enchevêtrement. Les modèles de conditionnement instrumental reposent sur le formalisme de l'apprentissage par renforcement (RL), alors que les modèles du conditionnement Pavlovien reposent surtout sur des architectures dédiées souvent incompatibles avec ce formalisme, compliquant l'étude d

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14

Lesaint, Florian. "Modélisation du conditionnement animal par représentations factorisées dans un système d'apprentissage dual : explication des différences inter-individuelles aux niveaux comportemental et neurophysiologique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2014PA066287.pdf.

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Le conditionnement Pavlovien, l'acquisition de réponses vers des stimuli neutres associés à des récompenses, et le conditionnement instrumental, l'expression de comportements pour atteindre des buts, sont au cœur de nos capacités d'apprentissage. Ils sont souvent étudiés séparément malgré les preuves de leur enchevêtrement. Les modèles de conditionnement instrumental reposent sur le formalisme de l'apprentissage par renforcement (RL), alors que les modèles du conditionnement Pavlovien reposent surtout sur des architectures dédiées souvent incompatibles avec ce formalisme, compliquant l'étude d

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15

Bui, Dang Thanh. "Étude et réalisation d'un système instrumental de stabilisation d'un modulateur électrooptique : application à l'amélioration du comportement d'un oscillateur optoélectronique." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00618230.

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Les modulateurs electro-optiques (EOM) sont des composants importants dans les systemes de telecommunication. Malheureusement, ils ne sont pas parfaitement stables dans Ie temps et leur fonction de transfert (TF) a tendance a se decaler durant Ie temps d'operation. La derive de la TF d'un EOM peut etre expliquee par des effets differents tels que les changements de la temperature ambiante, de la polarisation ou de l'efficacite de couplage optique. La these presente une methode de me sure de la derive de la TF de I'EOM (a grace d'estimation du comportement non-linearite du modulateur, NLl), et

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16

Sommer, Christian. "Dysfunktionale Lernvorgänge bei Patienten mit Alkoholabhängigkeit: Der Einfluss von Impulsivität und der Zusammenhang mit dem Rückfallgeschehen." 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A73725.

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Dysfunktionale Lernvorgänge (wie z.B. Pawlowsche Konditionierung) können bei Patienten mit Alkoholabhängigkeit das Rückfallrisiko erhöhen, was innerhalb der vorliegenden Arbeit mittels drei Studien untersucht wurde.

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17

Meemken, Marie-Theres. "Implicit and Explicit Appetitive Outcome-Learning in Obesity." 2019. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72208.

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18

Cunha, Carina Isabel Soares da. "Pavlovian and instrumental behaviour in a model of prenatal exposure to glucocorticoids : an integrative approach." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/24481.

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Dissertação de mestrado em Ciências da Saúde<br>Exposure to early life stress (ELS) or elevated levels of glucocorticoids (GC) has an enduring effect in the central nervous system (CNS), which can lead to maladaptive behaviour in adult life. Several studies suggest that ELS increases the vulnerability to develop psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, depression or addiction. Synthetic GCs such as dexamethasone (DEX) are frequently prescribed in clinics, to ensure foetal lung maturation in preterm risk pregnancies. Despite its beneficial effects in the lungs, it has been shown that

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