Artículos de revistas: "Truck components"

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Pan, Shu Hua y Yu Dong Chen. "Modal Stiffness Contributions of Components to Full Truck". Advanced Materials Research 199-200 (febrero de 2011): 1185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.199-200.1185.

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In recent years, three optimal methods, size, shape and topological optimization, have been widely applied to the automotive component design and significant success have been achieved. However, most of the optimizations are limited to deal with the individual component of the truck. Because there exists the complex coupling relations between components under the assembly environment of the truck, it is difficult to deal with the component design by using the above three optimal method and it is necessary to develop a more effective method for solving the complex optimal problem under the assembly environment of full truck. To this end, the paper introduces the modal stiffness concept and develops the modal stiffness contributions of components to full truck which can identify which components are the key ones for controlling the modal frequencies. The present method is applied to a full truck analysis. The results obtained show that the proposed method is effective and the computation process is straightforward. The results can be directly used to improve the component design of full truck as a valuable guide.

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2

Fathurohman, Fathurohman y Slamet Triyono. "RCM (RELIABILITY CENTERED MAINTENANCE): THE IMPLEMENTATION IN PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (CASE STUDY IN AN EXPEDITION COMPANY)". EKOMABIS: Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Bisnis 1, n.º 02 (8 de diciembre de 2020): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.37366/ekomabis.v1i02.29.

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Expedition truck is a vehicle that serves to transfer goods from one place to another. Previously maintenance policy was periodic, depending on the run distance and Run To Failure, maintain the trucks after the occurrence of component damage then system failure. Analysis in maintenance management based on system and critical components do optimize truck performance by using RCM (Reliability Centered Management) method. There are 5 systems in a truck: electrical system, power steering system, cooling machine system, coupling system, and brake system. Interaction and function of the components from each system are analyzed, evaluated the failure mode (FMEA method), and categorized the level of critical damage and adjusted the maintenance time (LTA method). The results of the RCM method for 16 component functions from the 5 systems are 5 component functions with Time Directed (TD), 6 Condition Directed (CD), 3 Failure Finding (FF), and 2 component functions by Run To Failure (RTF).

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3

Saka, Anthony A. y Richard A. Glassco. "Modeling Traffic Safety Benefits of Intelligent Transportation System Technologies at Truck Inspection Facilities: Microscopic Simulation". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1779, n.º 1 (enero de 2001): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1779-23.

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A microscopic simulation model was developed to capture the traffic safety benefits of using intelligent transportation system (ITS) technologies, including weigh-in-motion scales with variable message signs, at truck inspection facilities. The development of the simulation model was motivated by prevalent safety concerns at congested truck inspection facilities nationwide. Three primary safety components (roadway, driver, and vehicle) were considered in the model. The roadway component focuses on the varying size of truck queues at inspection facilities and safety implications. The driver component captures key human factor elements and their variability, including distributions for perception-reaction time, speed, gap acceptance, headway, and braking characteristics. The vehicular component incorporates the size distribution of vehicles (trucks and nontrucks), proportion of trucks with defective braking systems, and their safety implications with respect to stopping distance. The primary objective for the model is to depict variations in traffic pattern for baseline (pre-ITS) and post-ITS situations. Measures of effectiveness used for evaluating traffic benefits of using ITS technologies include percent reduction in sudden deceleration of vehicles resulting from shock wave phenomena and percent reduction in duration of truck-queue overflow resulting from a high traffic intensity. Results from simulation runs support the hypothesis that the use of ITS technologies at truck inspection facilities significantly reduces the frequency of experiencing the high-risk traffic phenomena (e.g., hard braking and truck-queue overflow). The postulation is made that the reduction in the frequency of high-risk phenomena will translate into a decrease in the likelihood of experiencing crash-related incidents in the vicinity of truck inspection facilities.

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Kawasugi, Regiyan Drinin, Devina Puspita Sari y Yugowati Praharsi. "Optimalisasi Head Truck Maintenance untuk Meningkatkan Availability dan Reliability di PT. TPS". Jurnal METRIS 20, n.º 1 (14 de abril de 2021): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.25170/metris.v20i1.2392.

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PT TPS Surabaya is a company engaged in terminal handling, especially containers. In carrying out operational activities to transport containers from the dock to the company's container yard, it uses eighty head truck fleets. Operational activities for transporting containers are carried out 24 hours a day so that maintenance is needed. Therefore, the operational head trucks do not experience sudden damage and disrupt operations. The malfunction of the device can occur due to damage to the components in the device. The design of the component replacement and the inspection intervals on the components is needed to avoid sudden component damage. Calculation of interval replacement and component checking is done by calculating the damage distribution followed by searching for index of fit and goodness of fit using Minitab software. The result showed that the inspection time interval of 1091 hours for the air system and 398.45 hours for the transmission system components. Besides, the replacement time interval for the component of the air system is 62 hours and the transmission system is 124 hours after inspection.

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5

Mangkona, Mangkona, Baso Cante, Hasan Basri y Adriansyah Adriansyah. "Analisa Kerusakan Relay Valve Dan Air Dryer Pada Air Charging System Unit Heavy Equipment Off Highway Truck (OHT) 777D Caterpillar". MEDIA PERSPEKTIF : Journal of Technology 12, n.º 1 (28 de junio de 2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.46964/jtmp.v12i1.429.

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Air is the successor to the Caterpillar 777D Highway Truck Air System. Air is used to supply the braking system on the Caterpillar 777D Highway Truck which is then collaborated with a hydraulic system for the technical braking process. For this reason, the authors analyze the components of the 777D Caterpillar Highway Truck Air System and what damage often occurs and how to repair it. In this case the object examined is the water system component of the Caterpillar 777D Highway Truck. The method used in this research is field observation, literature study, conducting, inspection with several units that improve the schedule and scheduled repairs. According to the appropriate literature, component damage that occurs in air systems is damage to the system and wear and tear on components. The study was conducted by conducting a visual inspection and measurement, then an analysis of the assessment of the appropriate data literature was carried out. The results found damage to the maintenance component that is not really a component relay valve and air dryer on the air filling system.

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6

Genell, Anders, Daniel Västfjäll, Mendel Kleiner y Anders Hedlund. "Components in Evaluation of cOmplex Interior Truck Sounds". Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 25, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2006): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/026309206779884865.

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7

Sim, Kyuhyun, Ram Vijayagopal, Namdoo Kim y Aymeric Rousseau. "Optimization of Component Sizing for a Fuel Cell-Powered Truck to Minimize Ownership Cost". Energies 12, n.º 6 (22 de marzo de 2019): 1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12061125.

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In this study, we consider fuel cell-powered electric trucks (FCETs) as an alternative to conventional medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. FCETs use a battery combined with onboard hydrogen storage for energy storage. The additional battery provides regenerative braking and better fuel economy, but it will also increase the initial cost of the vehicle. Heavier reliance on stored hydrogen might be cheaper initially, but operational costs will be higher because hydrogen is more expensive than electricity. Achieving the right tradeoff between these power and energy choices is necessary to reduce the ownership cost of the vehicle. This paper develops an optimum component sizing algorithm for FCETs. The truck vehicle model was developed in Autonomie, a platform for modelling vehicle energy consumption and performance. The algorithm optimizes component sizes to minimize overall ownership cost, while ensuring that the FCET matches or exceeds the performance and cargo capacity of a conventional vehicle. Class 4 delivery truck and class 8 linehaul trucks are shown as examples. We estimate the ownership cost for various hydrogen costs, powertrain components, ownership periods, and annual vehicle miles travelled.

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8

Royne, Marla B., Carol C. Beinstock y Tracy Anna Cosenza. "Key advertising components and media channels for recruiting long haul drivers". Journal of Transportation Management 24, n.º 2 (1 de enero de 2014): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22237/jotm/1388534580.

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This research examines how trucking companies can develop effective advertising media and messages for reaching and recruiting qualified long distance long distance truck drivers. Long distance truck driver candidates seem most interested in competitive pay, paid vacation, a weekly payment schedule (along with direct deposit), assigned equipment, 24/7 dispatch, a large volume of hub group freight, and flexible home time. To reach this audience and its needs, we suggest advertisements emphasizing these benefits be placed on the Internet and social media sites, as well as in selected professional magazines frequented by truck drivers searching for jobs.

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9

Nowak, Andrzej S. "Load model for bridge design code". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 21, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 1994): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l94-004.

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The paper deals with the development of load model for the Ontario Highway Bridge Design Code. Three components of dead load are considered: weight of factory-made elements, weight of cast-in-place concrete, and bituminous surface (asphalt). The live load model is based on the truck survey data. The maximum live load moments and shears are calculated for one-lane and two-lane bridges. For spans up to about 40 m, one truck per lane governs; for longer spans, two trucks following behind the other provide the largest live load effect. For two lanes, two fully correlated trucks govern. The dynamic load is modeled on the basis of simulations. The results of calculations indicate that dynamic load depends not only on the span but also on road surface roughness and vehicle dynamics. Load combination including dead load, live load, dynamic load, wind, and earthquake is modeled using Turkstra's rule. The maximum effect is determined as a sum of the extreme value of one load component plus the average values of other simultaneous load components. The developed load models can be used in the calculation of load and resistance factors for the design and evaluation code. Key words: bridge, dead load, live load, dynamic load, load combinations.

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10

Mao, Kun Li. "Modal Analysis of Concrete Pump Truck Boom". Advanced Materials Research 889-890 (febrero de 2014): 148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.889-890.148.

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Boom is one of key components of concrete pump trucks which can be looked as a projecting beam when unfolded at pumping mode. Under different concrete pumping modes, vibration of boom is serious for the hydraulic cylinder switching over shock, which can lead to the early damage of boom structure. In the finite element analysis software, boom of 37 meters concrete pump truck is simulated for its modal. Natural frequencies and corresponding modes are got and analyzed. To reduce vibration of concrete pump trucks, advices are presented by finite element modal analysis.

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11

Abdulaev, E. K., P. N. Makharatkin y A. I. Shihov. "Diagnostic methods and tools for truck parts and components". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1384 (noviembre de 2019): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1384/1/012001.

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12

Nowak, Andrzej S., Junsik Eom y Ahmet Sanli. "Control of Live Load on Bridges". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1696, n.º 1 (enero de 2000): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-55.

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Application of field testing for an efficient evaluation and control of live-load effects on bridges is described. A system is considered that involves monitoring of various parameters, including vehicle weight, dynamic load component, and load effects (moment, shear force, stress, strain) in bridge components, and verification of the minimum load-carrying capacity of the bridge. Therefore, an important part of the study is development of a procedure for measuring live-load spectra on bridges. Truck weight, including gross vehicle weight, axle loads, and spacing, is measured to determine the statistical parameters of the actual live load. Strain and stress are measured in various components of girder bridges to determine component-specific load. Minimum load-carrying capacity is verified by proof load tests. It has been confirmed that live-load effects are strongly site specific and component specific. The measured strains were relatively low and considerably lower than predicted by analysis. Dynamic load factor decreases with increasing static load effect. For fully loaded trucks, it is lower than the code-specified value. Girder distribution factors observed in the tests are also lower than the values specified by the design code. The proof load test results indicated that the structural response is linear with the absolute value of measured strain considerably lower than expected. Field tests confirmed that the tested bridges are adequate to carry normal truck traffic.

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13

Pan, Shu Hua y Yu Dong Chen. "Static Modal Stiffness Sensitivity of the Frame under Full Vehicle Environment". Advanced Materials Research 308-310 (agosto de 2011): 2374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.308-310.2374.

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Most of the component optimizations of trucks are limited to the individual component because of the complex coupling relations between components. Focusing on such difficult optimal problem, the conception of static modal stiffness was introduced and static modal stiffness sensitivity was defined. The method for computing static modal stiffness sensitivities was also developed. The proposed method was applied to the static modal stiffness sensitivities analysis of the frame of the truck under full vehicle environment. In the computations, a three dimension finite element model for full vehicle was established and the frame was divided into 13 superelements. The static modal stiffness sensitivities obtained can be used to improve the frame design.

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14

Kittredge, Phil, Thomas Urbas y Wayne Shintaku. "In for the Long Haul". Mechanical Engineering 121, n.º 02 (1 de febrero de 1999): 60–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1999-feb-6.

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This article focuses on the fact that engineers at Meritor Automotive decided to learn how truck components really held up on the highways. So they outfitted an 18-wheeler with the company’s products for a 24,000-mile trial, in real time and in the real world. According to Meritor, the comprehensive data generated by the test has spurred improvements in brake components, clutches, drivelines, axles, and transmissions. The company claims that the data opens opportunities for improvements in virtually every type of heavy-duty truck component that Meritor builds. The engineers in Meritor’s experimental mechanics unit enlisted support from all the groups in the heavy vehicle division. The use of a channel to record clutch pedal displacement helped engineers improve their model for determining the number of clutch applications in a line-haul duty cycle. Meritor expects that this information will lead to improved durability of several clutch components.

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15

Sharma, Salil, Maaike Snelder, Lóránt Tavasszy y Hans van Lint. "Categorizing Merging and Diverging Strategies of Truck Drivers at Motorway Ramps and Weaving Sections using a Trajectory Dataset". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, n.º 9 (7 de julio de 2020): 855–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120932568.

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Lane-changing models are essential components for microscopic simulation. Although the literature recognizes that different classes of vehicles have different ways of performing lane-change maneuvers, lane change behavior of truck drivers is an overlooked research area. We propose that truck drivers are heterogeneous in their lane change behavior too and that inter-driver differences within truck drivers exist. We explore lane changing behavior of truck drivers using a trajectory data set collected around motorway bottlenecks in the Netherlands which include on-ramp, off-ramp, and weaving sections. Finite mixture models are used to categorize truck drivers with respect to their merging and diverging maneuvers. Indicator variables include spatial, temporal, kinematic, and gap acceptance characteristics of lane-changing maneuvers. The results suggest that truck drivers can be categorized into two and three categories with respect to their merging and diverging behaviors, respectively. The majority of truck drivers show a tendency to merge or diverge at the earliest possible opportunity; this type of behavior leads to most of the lane change activity at the beginning of motorway bottlenecks, thus contributing to the raised level of turbulence. By incorporating heterogeneity within the lane-changing component, the accuracy and realism of existing microscopic simulation packages can be improved for traffic and safety-related assessments.

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16

Mohammed, Awsan, Ahmed Ghaithan, Mashel Al-Saleh y Khalaf Al-Ofi. "Reliability-Based Preventive Maintenance Strategy of Truck Unloading Systems". Applied Sciences 10, n.º 19 (5 de octubre de 2020): 6957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196957.

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The unloading of petroleum products is a complex and potentially dangerous operation since the unloading system contains complex interdependency components. Any failures in one of its components lead to a cut in the petroleum supply chain. Therefore, it is important to assess and evaluate the reliability of the unloading system in order to improve its availability. In this context, this paper presents the operation philosophy of the truck unloading system, failure modes of the components within the system, and a bottom-up approach to analyze the reliability of the system. In addition, it provides reliability data, such as failure rates, and mean time between failures of the system components. Furthermore, the reliability of the whole system was calculated and is presented for different time periods. The critical components, which are major contributors towards the system reliability, were identified. To enhance the system reliability, a reliability-based preventive maintenance strategy for the critical components was implemented. In addition, the preventive maintenance scheduling was identified based on the reliability plots of the unloading system. The best schedule for preventive maintenance of the system was determined based on the reliability function to be every 45 days for maintaining the system reliability above 0.9. Findings reveal that the reliability of the unloading system was significantly improved. For instance, the system reliability at one year improved by 80%, and this ratio increased dramatically as the time period increased.

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17

McNeel, J. F. "Analysis of Truck Weight Modifications for a Southern Timber Hauling Operation". Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 14, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 1990): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/14.3.133.

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Abstract Load data from modified and conventional timber haul trucks were compared to determine if weight-related changes to truck and trailer components affect truck load characteristics. Resulting estimates of load weight were used to measure the economic potential of these modifications. Statistical analysis indicates that gross, net, and tare mean weights for the modified vehicles differed significantly from mean weights for the conventional haul vehicles. Separate comparisons of net weights for pulpwood and chip'n'saw loads suggest that weight-related modifications can significantly improve net load weight, regardless of the type of load being carried. An economic analysis was made to determine the incremental value of investing in a modified haul vehicle for a contract hauler in the South. The incremental internal rate of return for a modified truck-trailer configuration was estimated at 242.7% annually. The incremental net present value for the investment at a 10% hurdle rate was estimated at $16,442 over a 5-year operating life. South. J. Appl. For. 14(3):133-136.

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18

Kuzin, Evgeniy G., Evgeniy Yu Рudov y Dmitriy M. Dubinkin. "ANALYSIS OF FAILURES OF MINING DUMP TRUCK COMPONENTS UNDER OPERATING CONDITIONS". Mining Equipment and Electromechanics, n.º 2 (29 de abril de 2021): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26730/1816-4528-2021-2-55-61.

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19

Zhuang, Yuan, Zhong De Shan y Qian Zhang. "Finite Element Analysis of a Forklift Truck Mast System". Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (febrero de 2014): 668–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.668.

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The finite element method (FEM) has been used for an independent analysis of forklift truck components. However, the accuracy of such an analysis may not be reliable because it does not in view of the interaction of the forces transferred between components. Here, we analyze the mast system as a whole using an FEM based on a simulation chain method employing MPC184 units, as well as a method to analyze components independently. Both methods are used to simulate the stress of the upper beam of the inner mast. We then compare the maximum stresses calculated using the two different methods under three sets of working conditions. The data show that, in comparison with theoretical results, the average error rate of the overall analysis method was 4.71%, while that of the independent analysis was 33.3%.

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20

Müller, Tobias, Thorsten Schmidt, Stefan Weigelt y Ludger Overmeyer. "Investigation and Assessment of the Electromechanical Fatigue of Electronic Components of Forklift Trucks". Applied Mechanics and Materials 706 (diciembre de 2014): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.706.100.

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To simplify the designing of electronic components of forklift trucks with regard to their specific operating conditions, a test forklift truck was equipped with industrial-standard instruments to measure the occurring electrical and mechanical stresses. To assess the fatigue potential of the operating load conditions, the acquired measurement data were analyzed in the time and frequency domain and compared with each other with the aid of a rainflow counting algorithm. To compare the failure characteristics of the examined electronic components, fatigue tests were carried out on an electro-dynamic shaker. These experiments were performed on individual components of the electronic drive unit, which were stressed at the same time under typical operating electrical loads. Additionally, the influence of vibration and shock excitation were checked for the control behavior of these components.

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21

Luo, Zhi Kun, Ping He, Wei Tan y Guo Dong Jin. "Dynamic Analysis of a Truck Frame with Fuzzy Uncertain Parameters". Advanced Materials Research 466-467 (febrero de 2012): 1279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.466-467.1279.

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Frame acts as the structural backbone of a truck, which supports the components and payload placed upon it. When the truck travels along the road, the frame is subjected to vibration induced by road roughness and excitation by vibrating components such as power-train, transmission shaft and more that mounted on it. Though many researchers have made great progress in the static and dynamic analysis of truck frame, most research was based on the assumption that all the design parameters of truck frame were deterministic. However, design variables for truck frame are always uncertain in the actual realistic engineering cases due to tolerances in manufacturing and assembly processes. In this paper, fuzzy algorithm is introduced to analysis the response of the frame with uncertain parameters. By using fuzzy set theory, uncertain input parameters such as the elastic modulus, Poisson ratio are described mathematically as fuzzy variables or fuzzy random variables and integrated into mode analysis. The simulations are carried out to analysis the system performance under fuzzy uncertain parameters. Results are presented showing the effectiveness of the method for modeling systems with uncertain parameters.

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22

Mijailović, Radomir. "MODELLING THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF THE TRUCK-CRANE". TRANSPORT 26, n.º 4 (9 de enero de 2012): 410–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2011.642946.

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The paper deals with the problem of a dynamic analysis of truck-cranes. Therefore, the article has developed a mechanical-mathematical model having 18 generalized coordinates. Depending on the type of truck crane operation as well as on the fact whether the aim of the article is to conduct the dynamic analysis of the whole truck crane or only that of one of its components, simpler mechanical models are also offered. The presented model is more realistic than those describing the dynamic behaviour of the truck-crane performing all necessary functions, i.e. a mobile means of lifting, transportation and reloading.

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23

Semeijn, Judith, Barry de Waard, Wim Lambrechts y Janjaap Semeijn. "Burning Rubber or Burning out? The Influence of Role Stressors on Burnout among Truck Drivers". Logistics 3, n.º 1 (7 de febrero de 2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/logistics3010006.

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Professional truck drivers are prone to both physical and psychological stress. Such stress can lead to burnout. Drawing on Job Demands Resources literature and stress research, we investigate the relationship between job related role stressors and three components of burnout, among professional truck drivers who are based in the Netherlands. They were surveyed with a time-lagged design (interval of two months). In the first wave, the different potential causes of burnout were measured (role conflict, role ambiguity, quality of sleep, and the perceived emotional intelligence of the dispatcher). In the second wave, the three elements of burnout were measured: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment. The results of our study indicate that role conflict relates positively to all three components of a burnout. The emotional intelligence of the dispatcher—as perceived by the truck drivers—was negatively related with the three components of a burnout. Finally, the quality of sleep had an impact on depersonalization and emotional exhaustion. Theoretically, several job specific role stressors are confirmed to play a role in truck driver burnout. However, the top three role stressors all appeared to be related to the trucking industry, instead of a particular employer, and they may therefore require national policy measures.

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Ding, Fang. "Structure Strength Analysis of Light Truck Cab Based on Tilting Mechanism". Applied Mechanics and Materials 633-634 (septiembre de 2014): 1237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.633-634.1237.

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Based on the cracking phenomenon of the floor of the light truck cab, white body finite element model of a light-truck cab is established, with which computational and experimental modal calculations and analysis are conducted.Through the force relationship between tilting mechanism and the cab, the structure strength analysis of the main components of the cab is carried out, the weakness or the position of the components of the cab is found, which Provide a reliable basis for improving the structure of the tilting mechanism or the cab.

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25

Fei, Ye, Xing Kun Wang y Wen Min Liu. "Topology Optimization of QY70G Truck Crane Turntable Structure". Applied Mechanics and Materials 532 (febrero de 2014): 466–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.532.466.

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Turntable is the main bearing component of truck crane, its structural-load-carrying capacity influences the operational capability directly. This paper adopts the HyperWorks software to make topology optimization for the turntable structure of QY70G truck crane, and carry out the finite element analysis and comparison for the models before and after optimization, which provides an effective method to improve the turntable structure of truck crane. Turntable is one of the important components of truck crane，it bears hoist boom、lifting、luffing mechanism and bob-weight and so on, it is the transfer center of truck crane when it works, the structure will directly affect the lifting performance of the machine. But, the rotary table structure design is affected by the vehicle shape size and installation and space layout. The traditional design method is based the experience of analogy to check by finite element software, it is difficult to get the design scheme which meets the requirements given above and own better strength and stiffness, it also have the disadvantages of long design cycle and large workload. This article is based on the finite element method and structural topology optimal idea, by means of HyperWorks-OptiStruct, makes finite element analysis for the turntable structure of certain QY70G truck crane, and carries on the structural topology in the condition of setted installation location and space, in order to obtain the ideal design plan.

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Yin, Yan Chao. "Optimal Configuration Strategy of Multi-Granularity Components in a Complex Service Modelling Environment". Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (diciembre de 2012): 2797–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.2797.

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Designing large service systems out of reusable components has become increasingly popular. However the existing large-grained component in the enterprise service system are hard to satisfy the requirements of efficient reuse and development. For the strengths of configuration techniques, this paper proposes a optimal configuration methodology framework of multi-granularity components based on stable service chain. Firstly, the stable service chain is established to select heterogeneous service components, in which service system is decomposed into fictional Integrated Stable Points (ISP) according to stability and variability of business model; Then, Large-grained component is selected to be a stable service function, and small size components are combined to achieve variable services, based on which, the corresponding component sequences for each ISP are selected with the characteristic mapping strategy. Finally, this method was validated by the construction practice of product application service system in Sichuan Truck Manufacture Plant Co., Ltd.

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27

Lamiraux, F., J. P. Laumond, C. Van Geem, D. Boutonnet y G. Raust. "Trailer-truck trajectory optimization - The transportation of components for the airbus A380". IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine 12, n.º 1 (marzo de 2005): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mra.2005.1411414.

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28

Seigler, M., M. Ahmadian y C. Boggs. "Validation of an indentor system for evaluating truck seat cushions". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 217, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 2003): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440703321645052.

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The objective of this study was to validate an indentor system—called a cushion loading indentor (CLI)—for use in objectively evaluating seat cushion performance for heavy truck seats. Included in this study is a detailed description of the five-component indentor design, with major components being a polyurethane buttocks mould and a variable weighting system. Validation of the CLI was performed by comparing its interface pressure distribution with five human test subjects for four different seating surfaces. The results demonstrate that the CLI is both more repeatable than the human test subjects and provides similar pressure distribution to that of a seated person. Furthermore, it is shown that the CLI is valid for dynamic testing of heavy truck seat cushions owing to the inclusion of the seat suspension, which significantly reduces the dynamic complexity between the cushion and the seated person.

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29

Reimer, Mark y Jonathan D. Regehr. "Hybrid Approach for Clustering Vehicle Classification Data to Support Regional Implementation of the Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Guide". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2339, n.º 1 (enero de 2013): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2339-13.

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This paper develops a hybrid approach for analyzing vehicle classification data and applies the approach to a fused data set from multiple jurisdictions in the Canadian prairie region. Application of the approach results in a set of regional default truck traffic classification groups for use in the Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Guide. The hybrid approach is a conglomeration of three components: statistical clustering procedures, expert judgment, and industry intelligence. By applying the hybrid approach, analysts receive the joint benefits of analytical rigor and industry-oriented pragmatism. Application of this approach results in eight truck traffic classification groups for the Canadian prairie region that exhibit distinct differences from the default distributions developed for national use in the United States. The benefits of applying the hybrid approach on fused data sets include (a) the statistical strength gained from use of additional classification data, (b) the development of truck traffic classification groups that better reflect the diversity of patterns in a region, and (c) the potential for improved ability to capture future shifts in truck traffic characteristics because of experience gained in other jurisdictions. The paper also identifies limitations to the hybrid approach that should be considered. These limitations include varying data quality between jurisdictions, the sensitivity of low-volume sites to changes in industry patterns and the ability to track these changes, and potential shortages of continuous classification sites. When its benefits and limitations are well understood, the hybrid approach can be applied to truck traffic data analyses in any jurisdiction.

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30

Yoon, Sung Cheol. "A Study on the Fatigue Test of Truck Materials for Railway Vehicles". Key Engineering Materials 627 (septiembre de 2014): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.627.405.

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The truck that is used as running equipment for freight car support is a core structural part that supports the load of the car body and that greatly influences the safety of freights and vehicles, as well as their running performance. The running equipment is composed of truck frames, wheels and wheel axles, independent suspensions, and brakes. Among these components, the truck frame supporting the load of the vehicles and freights may be the most important one. This study was carried out to analyze the structure of truck frames and to determine whether they are safe when the maximum vertical load, breaking load, and front and rear loads are applied to them. This was done by subjecting the truck frames to stress tests and then measuring the stress on each of their parts. Before the load test, a structural-analysis program was used for the stress distribution analysis of the truck frame. To measure the stresses based on the results of the structural analysis, strain gages were attached to the surfaces of truck frames [1].

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31

Vijayan, Vimal, Sanjay K. Chaturvedi y Ritesh Chandra. "A failure interaction model for multicomponent repairable systems". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability 234, n.º 3 (3 de febrero de 2020): 470–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748006x19897828.

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Modeling of stochastic dependency among components in a repairable system is still a challenging task when dealing with the maintenance of multicomponent systems. With the help of stochastic dependency information, failure of a component brings attention to the components having strong interactions with the failed component. With this information, one can plan the maintenance of components in a better way. Since a change in failure probability of a component (due to deterioration or failure of a component in a given time interval) influences the failure probabilities of other components in the system, therefore, in this article, we consider probability of failure to represent the state of the component to model the stochastic dependency among components. We apply the Bayesian belief network to model such scenario of dependency among the components and present two case studies to compute various probabilities. In the first study, expert elicitation is being used, whereas the time between failure of the components is used in the second case to calculate failure probabilities. To illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach, one case study for each is presented. The first case study takes the case of an army truck through expert elicitation approach whereas the second case study deals with a rolling mill gearbox whose time between failure of components was available.

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32

Zou, Yuan, Dong-ge Li y Xiao-song Hu. "Optimal Sizing and Control Strategy Design for Heavy Hybrid Electric Truck". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/404073.

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Due to the complexity of the hybrid powertrain, the control is highly involved to improve the collaborations of the different components. For the specific powertrain, the components' sizing just gives the possibility to propel the vehicle and the control will realize the function of the propulsion. Definitely the components' sizing also gives the constraints to the control design, which cause a close coupling between the sizing and control strategy design. This paper presents a parametric study focused on sizing of the powertrain components and optimization of the power split between the engine and electric motor for minimizing the fuel consumption. A framework is put forward to accomplish the optimal sizing and control design for a heavy parallel pre-AMT hybrid truck under the natural driving schedule. The iterative plant-controller combined optimization methodology is adopted to optimize the key parameters of the plant and control strategy simultaneously. A scalable powertrain model based on a bilevel optimization framework is built. Dynamic programming is applied to find the optimal control in the inner loop with a prescribed cycle. The parameters are optimized in the outer loop. The results are analysed and the optimal sizing and control strategy are achieved simultaneously.

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33

Yoon, Sung Cheol, Jeong Guk Kim, Kwang Sun Baik, Byeong Choon Goo y Kang Youn Choe. "A Study on the Fracture Test in Railroad Truck". Key Engineering Materials 488-489 (septiembre de 2011): 210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.488-489.210.

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The truck that is used as running equipment for freight car support is a core structural part that supports the load of the car body and that greatly influences the safety of freights and vehicles, as well as their running performance. The running equipment is composed of truck frames, wheels and wheel axles, independent suspensions, and brakes. Among these components, the truck frame supporting the load of the vehicles and freights may be the most important one. This study was carried out to analyze the structure of truck frames and to determine whether they are safe when the maximum vertical load, breaking load, and front and rear loads are applied to them. This was done by subjecting the truck frames to stress tests and then measuring the stress on each of their parts. Before the load test, a structural-analysis program was used for the stress distribution analysis of the truck frame. To measure the stresses based on the results of the structural analysis, strain gages were attached to the surfaces of truck frames. The results of the stress tests showed that truck frames have a safe vehicle load design.

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34

Aravosis, G. D. "Twenty-First Century Truck Electronics—Today's Global Challenge". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 203, n.º 1 (enero de 1989): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1989_203_141_02.

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The main catalyst for use of state-of-the-art electronics in commercial trucks in the United States is the need to meet EPA emission standards for the 1990s. Important secondary catalysts are fuel economy, anti-lock brake systems and fleet/driver expectations. There are also myriad other forces related to safety, maintainability, servicing and communication which will be satisfied once electronic systems are installed in trucks. The principal economic justification for incurring the cost of electronics at this time is to satisfy these more stringent gaseous emission and particulate regulatory standards. Using electronics, these standards can be met without producing a severe reduction in fuel economy while, as a by-product, interfacing with other truck components, such as brakes, transmissions, safety controls etc. This paper will address the applications of electronics today for diesel engine controls as well as the applications of electronics in areas such as smart power switches, anti-jackknife controls, voice-recognition systems and other future system applications. The exploding use of electronics in trucks will require solutions to many complex problems which are not unique to any one company, geographic area, country or technical society.

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35

LIN, SHENGBIN BURT. "EXHAUST SYSTEM RELIABILITY EVALUATION". International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 18, n.º 04 (agosto de 2011): 327–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539311004275.

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Road vibrations cause fatigue failures in the automotive exhaust system. Evaluation of exhaust system reliability is investigated by using bivariate joint distribution model to account for dependence between exhaust components. Cumulative damages are derived to be used as the random variables in the distribution model. In the case study with a light duty truck exhaust system, the model parameters were estimated using maximum likelihood method based on marginal distributions. The dependence parameters between components were determined through bench tests of twelve (12) exhaust systems. Result comparison demonstrated the influence of component dependence on the point estimate and statistic inference of the system reliability.

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36

Bai, Hai Ying, Chun Yan Fu y Xiu Zhi Zhang. "Kinematics Analysis of Heavy Dump Truck Lifting Mechanism". Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (febrero de 2012): 2245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.2245.

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The kinematic characteristics and work principle of dump truck lifting mechanism are very complex. In this paper kinematics analysis with complex vector method is used. By this method the angle motion characteristics of components are obtained, the main parameters are calculated and the center of mass is determined when dumping granular materials. Through kinematic analysis, this paper provides a theoretical basis for reliability and stability of lifting mechanism and improves the design of heavy dump truck.

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37

Wahyudi, Dani Tri y Deni Shidqi Khaerudini. "DESIGN OF ANTI-SLIP SHOES FOR 12 TON PALM OIL TRUCK WHEELS". SINERGI 24, n.º 3 (9 de julio de 2020): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2020.3.006.

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The rainy season will have a severe problem to the transportation sector (including heavy-duty trucks) in the off-road area in Indonesia, especially in areas that do not have permanent access roads (asphalt or concrete roads). For heavy vehicles, especially oil palm transport trucks will experience such obstacles, including slippage when crossing muddy dirt roads, and it will have an impact on the logistics delivery process. Therefore, it is necessary to design a support system, especially on the wheels, to reduce the risk of skidding or rolling on truck-type vehicles. In this work, the design of the anti-slip shoe wheels of the colt diesel double type truck (CDD) is used on the rear-wheel-drive as a tool for handling the slippage. In this design, the maximum traction factor of the wheels based on the calculation on the rolling resistance should be higher than 594 kg. The next step is to determine the value of soil cohesion and soil internal friction angle obtained from the previous studies. In this study, a calculation simulation was carried out to accomplish the design of the main components of the anti-slip of a truck wheel in the form of a traction rod fin. The design is namely U channel profile steel based on SNI 07-0052-2006 type U50, U65, and U80 with dimensions of the fin depth (z) are 3.8 cm, 4.2 cm, and 4.5 cm and length of 30 cm. The results show that the three types of U channel iron used for the anti-slip shoes are useful for freeing trucks from slippage with a total load of 12 tons. Thus, the truck will be safe when crossing the muddy roads with clay, muddy clay, and sandy loam under the following conditions: minimum cohesion number of 0.008 kg/cm2, minimum internal friction angle in the soil of 4.631°, and the maximum water content of 59.6%.

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38

Klein, Carlos Eduardo, Mario Bittencourt y Leandro dos Santos Coelho. "Wavenet using artificial bee colony applied to modeling of truck engine powertrain components". Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 41 (mayo de 2015): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2015.01.009.

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39

Lowrie, James, Hao Pang y Gracious Ngaile. "Weight reduction of heavy-duty truck components through hollow geometry and intensive quenching". Journal of Manufacturing Processes 28 (agosto de 2017): 523–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2017.04.021.

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40

Middleton, Dan y John Rowe. "Feasibility of Standardized Diagnostic Device for Maintenance and Inspection of Commercial Motor Vehicles". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1560, n.º 1 (enero de 1996): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196156000108.

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The rapid growth in the number of trucks on the nation's highways combined with the fact that safety violation rates have not declined significantly have created an urgency to increase the efficiency of heavy-truck inspections. At the same time, the growing number of on-board electronic systems are delivering more information than ever before about key components of vehicle operation. The objective of this study is to determine whether it would be feasible to standardize electronic diagnostic interface systems and use them to help make roadside inspection faster, more accurate, and less constrained by shortages of qualified inspection personnel. The study found that electronics has made significant inroads into components of heavy-duty commercial vehicles. In addition to widely adopted systems, such as electronically controlled engines, transmissions, and antilock brakes, the technology exists for a number of new applications. The heavy-duty Class 8 truck of the year 2000 and beyond could be equipped with as many as 50 electronic systems but more likely with three to seven intelligent control devices for the engine, transmission, brakes, retarder, instrument cluster, trip recorder, and off-board communications. There is potential for using these electronics in roadside inspections as standardization efforts by the Society of Automotive Engineers and The Maintenance Council successfully continue if the proper on-board parameters are made available to inspectors.

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41

Lisowski, Filip y Edward Lisowski. "Testing and Fatigue Life Assessment of Timber Truck Stanchions". Applied Sciences 10, n.º 17 (3 de septiembre de 2020): 6134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10176134.

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Components of transport trucks are subjected to dynamic cyclic loads. The magnitude of these loads depends on road conditions and cargo mass. Cyclic loads can cause fatigue failure at stress levels significantly below the yield strength of the material. When calculating fatigue, it is necessary to determine the actual loads acting on the structure under working conditions. In this study, stanchion displacements of overloaded timber trucks were measured under both static and dynamic loads. For the specified mass of timber, a history of dynamic loads acting on the stanchion was obtained. Then, based on the finite element analysis, stress concentration points were determined within the base material and welded joints of the stanchion. The history of maximum stresses at concentration points was determined. Stress ranges and mean stresses for the load history were calculated using the rainflow fatigue cycle counting method. Repeats to failure were determined on the basis of the Palmgren–Miner cumulative damage rule and the modified Goodman correction for the points with the highest stress level. Experimental investigation of the actual load history of the stanchion of significantly overloaded timber truck allowed to determine the mileage to potential failure.

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42

Wahyudi, Dani Tri y Deni Shidqi Khaerudini. "Desain Sepatu Antiselip untuk Roda Truk Colt Diesel di Jalan Berlumpur". Jurnal Teknik Mesin 13, n.º 1 (6 de julio de 2020): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/jtm.13.1.278.

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The rains will make a serious problem for the transportation sector in Indonesia, especially in areas that do not have permanent access roads (asphalt or concrete roads). Heavy vehicles such as oil palm trucks will go into the skid when crossing muddy dirt roads, and it makes an impact on the logistics delivery process. It is necessary for designing a support system, especially on the part of the wheel, to reduce the risk of skidding or rolling. Anti-slip shoe wheels of the colt diesel double (CDD) type truck is used on the rear-wheel-drive as a tool for handling slippage. Calculations and corrections are performed for maximum traction of the ground rolling resistance at ≥ 396 kg. Furthermore, the value of soil cohesion and soil shear angle was determined from the previous studies. In this study, a calculation simulation was carried out to obtain the design of the main components of an antislip wheel of a truck, which is in the form of a traction rod fin using steel UNP SNI 07-0052-2006 with a fin depth of 4.5 cm and a length of 20 cm. These dimensions are effective enough to increase the truck wheel traction of 8 tons when used to cross muddy roads with a maximum water content of 59.6% and a minimum cohesion value of land (C) of 0.108 kg/cm2

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43

Jang, Bora y Jamshid Mohammadi. "Significance of Fatigue Damage from Overload Trucks on Bridge Load Rating". MATEC Web of Conferences 165 (2018): 10005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816510005.

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Overload trucks constitute a major portion of truck load populations on highways. Specific to bridges, the increase in the frequency of overloads may trigger shortening of service life of critical components because of fatigue damage, considering the fact that fatigue damage accelerates at higher loads. This is especially important to older bridges that have been designed for loads lower than the standard for current highway bridge design in the United States. As the number of requests for special permits to use bridges by overload trucks increases, the accumulated damage may substantially reduce the service life of bridges resulting in costly repair and replacements. In this paper, the significance of overloads in causing fatigue damage to bridges is discussed. Samples of truck load data have been compiled and used to determine the contribution of overloads to fatigue damage for steel girder bridges made up of welded cover plates. The paper discusses using the expected fatigue life expended (FLE) as an index to determine the impact of overloads on bridge fatigue damage. The FLE is then determined to be an important factor that can be used to modify bridge rating equations as a way of controlling the number of overload permits for a given bridge.

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44

Chinnaraj, K., M. Sathya Prasad y C. Lakshmana Rao. "Experimental Analysis and Quasi-Static Numerical Idealization of Dynamic Stresses on a Heavy Truck Chassis Frame Assembly". Applied Mechanics and Materials 13-14 (julio de 2008): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.13-14.271.

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The current trend in automotive design is to optimize components for weight. To achieve this, automotive designers need to have complete understanding of various stresses prevalent in different areas of the component. The chassis frame assembly of a heavy truck used for long distance goods hauling application is chosen for this investigation and dynamic stress-strain response of the component due to braking and cornering maneuvers are experimentally measured and reported. A quasi-static approach that approximates the dynamic maneuvers into number of small processes having static equilibriums is followed to carry out the numerical simulation, approximating the dynamic behavior of frame rail assembly during cornering and braking. With the help of commercial finite element package ANSYS, the quasi-static numerical simulations are carried out and compared with experimental results. This study helps in understanding prevailing stresses in truck frame rails especially during cornering and braking maneuvers and brings out all geometric locations that may be potential failure initiation locations. This study makes a case for further investigation on the effects of residual and assembly stresses on frame rails.

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45

Kudrevatykh, Andrei, Andrei Ashcheulov, Alena Ashcheulova, Olesia Karnadud y Ludger Rattmann. "Actual Technical Condition Assessment of A Motor-Wheel Gear of A Dump Truck Belaz Based on the Operating Oil Parameters". E3S Web of Conferences 105 (2019): 03021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910503021.

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One of the most important indicators of mining complexes are reliability and durability of their components. Studies have shown that the largest amount of mine dump truck down time occurs due to unforeseen failures of a motor-wheel gear. The introduction of additional technological processes to diagnose the actual technical condition of a gear in the maintenance procedure will make it possible to maintain directly the state of its component parts with in-place manner. The method of diagnosing the condition of a motor-wheel gear is based on physical and chemical analysis of oil, as well as its temperature control. During open pit machinery exploitation, various mechanical impurities of wear products of rubbing surfaces accumulate in the operating oil, so it is possible to predict the degree of wear of gear units and mechanisms based on these mechanical impurities. The introduction of this method in production will significantly reduce the down time of dump trucks, thereby increase the productivity of the enterprise and reduce repair costs.

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46

Esmailzadeh, Ebrahim y Fereydoon Diba. "Components sizing optimisation of hybrid electric heavy duty truck using multi-objective genetic algorithm". International Journal of Heavy Vehicle Systems 27, n.º 3 (2020): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijhvs.2020.10030667.

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47

Diba, Fereydoon y Ebrahim Esmailzadeh. "Components sizing optimisation of hybrid electric heavy duty truck using multi-objective genetic algorithm". International Journal of Heavy Vehicle Systems 27, n.º 3 (2020): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijhvs.2020.108734.

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48

Cole, D. J. y D. Cebon. "Truck Suspension Design to Minimize Road Damage". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 210, n.º 2 (abril de 1996): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1996_210_251_02.

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The objective of the work described in this paper is to establish guidelines for the design of passive suspensions that cause minimum road damage. An efficient procedure for calculating a realistic measure of road damage (the 95th percentile aggregate fourth power force) in the frequency domain is derived. Simple models of truck vibration are then used to examine the influence of suspension parameters on this road damage criterion and to select optimal values. It is found that to minimize road damage a suspension should have stiffness about one fifth of current air suspensions and damping up to twice that typically provided. The use of an anti-roll bar allows a high roll-over threshold without increasing road damage. It is thought that optimization in the pitch-plane should exclude correlation between the axles, to ensure that the optimized suspension parameters are robust to payload and speed changes. A three-dimensional ‘whole-vehicle’ model of an air suspended articulated vehicle is validated against measured tyre force histories. Optimizing the suspension stiffness and damping results in a 5.8 per cent reduction in road damage by the whole vehicle (averaged over three speeds). This compares with a 40 per cent reduction if the dynamic components of the tyre forces are eliminated completely.

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49

Lindén, Julia, Ulf Sellgren y Anders Söderberg. "Model-based reliability analysis". Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 30, n.º 3 (14 de julio de 2016): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060416000251.

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AbstractThe main function of a heavy truck is to transport goods, with ton-kilometers/year as an example of a major quantitative performance measure. Furthermore, the truck is directly operated by a driver, who has several additional functional requirements, of both ergonomic and communicative characters. Failure of these functions may be a subjective experience, differing between drivers, but the failures are still important. Today's just-in-time delivery systems rely on getting the goods on time, and this requires high availability. Availability is reduced not only by technical failures but also by subjectively experienced failures, because these also require repairs, or downtime. Product reliability is a systems property that cannot be attributed to a single component. It is in many cases related to interaction between components, or to interaction between humans and the technical system, in the case of subjectively experienced failures. Reliability assessments of systems with interactive functions require a system model that includes the interfaces between the technical system and human features that are carriers of interactive functions. This paper proposes a model of system architecture, for the purpose of reliability assessments, that integrates different and complementary representations, such as function–means diagrams and a design structure matrix. The novelty of the presented approach is that it treats and integrates the technical and the human subsystems through the human–technical system interfaces. The proposed systems reliability approach is described and verified with a component analysis case study of an extended truck cab and driver system.

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50

De Santis, Michele, Luca Silvestri, Antonio Forcina, Gianpaolo Di Bona y Anna Rita Di Fazio. "Preliminary Realization of an Electric-Powered Hydraulic Pump System for a Waste Compactor Truck and a Techno-Economic Analysis". Applied Sciences 11, n.º 7 (29 de marzo de 2021): 3033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073033.

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Most industrial trucks are equipped with hydraulic systems designed for specific operations, for which the required power is supplied by the internal combustion engine (ICE). The largest share of the power consumption is required by the hydraulic system during idling operations, and, consequently, the current literature focuses on energy saving strategies for the hydraulic system rather than making the vehicle traction more efficient. This study presents the preliminary realization of an electric-powered hydraulic pump system (e-HPS) that drives the lifting of the dumpster and the garbage compaction in a waste compactor truck, rather than traditional ICE-driven hydraulic pump systems (ICE-HPSs). The different components of the e-HPS are described and the battery pack was modelled using the kinetic battery model. The end-of-life of the battery pack was determined to assess the economic feasibility of the proposed e-HPS for the truck lifespan, using numerical simulations. The aim was twofold: to provide an implementation method to retrofit the e-HPS to a conventional waste compactor truck and to assess its economic feasibility, investigating fuel savings during the use phase and the consequent reduction of CO2 emissions. Results show that the total lifespan cost saving achieved a value of 65,000 €. Furthermore, total CO2 emissions for the e-HPS were about 80% lower than those of the ICE-HPS, highlighting that the e-HPS can provide significant environmental benefits in an urban context.

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