Artículos de revistas: "Turkish ground motion database"

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Gülerce, Zeynep, Bahadır Kargoığlu y Norman A. Abrahamson. "Turkey-Adjusted NGA-W1 Horizontal Ground Motion Prediction Models". Earthquake Spectra 32, n.º 1 (febrero de 2016): 75–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/022714eqs034m.

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The objective of this paper is to evaluate the differences between the Next Generation Attenuation: West-1 (NGA-W1) ground motion prediction models (GMPEs) and the Turkish strong ground motion data set and to modify the required pieces of the NGA-W1 models for applicability in Turkey. A comparison data set is compiled by including strong motions from earthquakes that occurred in Turkey and earthquake metadata of ground motions consistent with the NGA-W1 database. Random-effects regression is employed and plots of the residuals are used to evaluate the differences in magnitude, distance, and site amplification scaling. Incompatibilities between the NGA-W1 GMPEs and Turkish data set in small-to-moderate magnitude, large distance, and site effects scaling are encountered. The NGA-W1 GMPEs are modified for the misfit between the actual ground motions and the model predictions using adjustments functions. Turkey-adjusted NGA-W1 models are compatible with the regional strong ground motion characteristics and preserve the well-constrained features of the global models.

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Kale, Özkan. "Some Discussions on Data-Driven Testing of Ground-Motion Prediction Equations under the Turkish Ground-Motion Database". Journal of Earthquake Engineering 23, n.º 1 (11 de septiembre de 2017): 160–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2017.1323047.

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Afshari, Kioumars, Jonathan P. Stewart y Jamison H. Steidl. "California Ground Motion Vertical Array Database". Earthquake Spectra 35, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2019): 2003–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/070218eqs170dp.

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We present a data set of ground motion recordings and site information from vertical array sites in California. The recordings include two horizontal components of ground shaking at the ground surface level and from downhole sensors. The availability of both surface and downhole recordings at the same site facilitates direct observations of site response. The site data include measured shear-and compression-wave velocities, and, where available, geotechnical boring logs. We considered 39 vertical array sites in California and chose 21 for inclusion in the database on the basis of having at least four pairs of surface/downhole recordings. The recordings and site data are presented in a data repository, which is accessible at the DesignSafe platform (DOI: 10.17603/146DS2N680). The original digital accelerograms are processed in a manner consistent with NGA-West2 protocols. In this paper, this data set is compared to a similar but larger data set from Japanese vertical arrays compiled by others.

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4

Ates, Ref'an. "Turkish strong ground motion data acquisition and analysis". Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 38, n.º 2-3 (abril de 1985): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(85)90150-5.

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Goulet, Christine A., Tadahiro Kishida, Timothy D. Ancheta, Chris H. Cramer, Robert B. Darragh, Walter J. Silva, Youssef MA Hashash et al. "PEER NGA-East database". Earthquake Spectra 37, n.º 1_suppl (julio de 2021): 1331–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/87552930211015695.

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This article documents the earthquake ground motion database developed for the NGA-East Project, initiated as part of the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) research program and led by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER). The project was focused on developing a ground motion characterization model (GMC) model for horizontal ground motions for the large region referred to as Central and Eastern North America (CENA). The CENA region covers most of the U.S. and Canada, from the Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean and is characterized tectonically as a stable continental region (SCR). The ground-motion database includes the two- and three-component ground-motion recordings from numerous selected events relevant to CENA ( M > 2.5, with distances up to 3500 km) that have been recorded since 1976. The final database contains over 27,000 time series from 82 earthquakes and 1271 recording stations. The ground motion database includes uniformly processed time series, 5% damped pseudo-spectral acceleration (PSA) median-component ordinates for 429 periods ranging from 0.01 to 10 s, duration and Arias intensity in 5% increments, and Fourier amplitude spectra for different time windows. Ground motions and metadata for source, path, and site conditions were subjected to quality checks by topical working groups and the ground-motion model (GMM) developers. The NGA-East database constitutes the largest database of processed recorded ground motions in SRCs and is publicly available from the PEER ground-motion database website.

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Chiou, Brian, Robert Darragh, Nick Gregor y Walter Silva. "NGA Project Strong-Motion Database". Earthquake Spectra 24, n.º 1 (febrero de 2008): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2894831.

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A key component of the NGA research project was the development of a strong-motion database with improved quality and content that could be used for ground-motion research as well as for engineering practice. Development of the NGA database was executed through the Lifelines program of the PEER Center with contributions from several research organizations and many individuals in the engineering and seismological communities. Currently, the data set consists of 3551 publicly available multi-component records from 173 shallow crustal earthquakes, ranging in magnitude from 4.2 to 7.9. Each acceleration time series has been corrected and filtered, and pseudo absolute spectral acceleration at multiple damping levels has been computed for each of the 3 components of the acceleration time series. The lowest limit of usable spectral frequency was determined based on the type of filter and the filter corner frequency. For NGA model development, the two horizontal acceleration components were further rotated to form the orientation-independent measure of horizontal ground motion (GMRotI50). In addition to the ground-motion parameters, a large and comprehensive list of metadata characterizing the recording conditions of each record was also developed. NGA data have been systematically checked and reviewed by experts and NGA developers.

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Bindi, D., F. Pacor, L. Luzi, R. Puglia, M. Massa, G. Ameri y R. Paolucci. "Ground motion prediction equations derived from the Italian strong motion database". Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 9, n.º 6 (8 de septiembre de 2011): 1899–920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-011-9313-z.

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Wang, Gang, Robert Youngs, Maurice Power y Zhihua Li. "Design Ground Motion Library: An Interactive Tool for Selecting Earthquake Ground Motions". Earthquake Spectra 31, n.º 2 (mayo de 2015): 617–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/090612eqs283m.

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The Design Ground Motion Library (DGML) is an interactive tool for selecting earthquake ground motion time histories based on contemporary knowledge and engineering practice. It was created from a ground motion database that consists of 3,182 records from shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions rotated to fault-normal and fault-parallel directions. The DGML enables users to construct design response spectra based on Next-Generation Attenuation (NGA) relationships, including conditional mean spectra, code spectra, and user-specified spectra. It has the broad capability of searching for time history record sets in the database on the basis of the similarity of a record's response spectral shape to a design response spectrum over a user-defined period range. Selection criteria considering other ground motion characteristics and user needs are also provided. The DGML has been adapted for online application by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) and incorporated as a beta version on the PEER database website.

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9

Gülerce, Zeynep, Ronnie Kamai, Norman A. Abrahamson y Walter J. Silva. "Ground Motion Prediction Equations for the Vertical Ground Motion Component Based on the NGA-W2 Database". Earthquake Spectra 33, n.º 2 (mayo de 2017): 499–528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/121814eqs213m.

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Empirical ground motion models for the vertical component from shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions are derived using the PEER NGA-West2 database. The model is applicable to magnitudes 3.0–8.0, distances of 0–300 km, and spectral periods of 0–10 s. The model input parameters are the same as used by Abrahamson et al. (2014) except that the nonlinear site response and depth to bedrock effects are evaluated but found to be insignificant. Regional differences in large distance attenuation and site amplification scaling between California, Japan, China, Taiwan, Italy, and the Middle East are included. Scaling for the hanging-wall effect is incorporated using the constraints from numerical simulations by Donahue and Abrahamson (2014) . The standard deviation is magnitude dependent with smaller magnitudes leading to larger standard deviations at short periods but smaller standard deviations at long periods. The vertical ground motion model developed in this study can be paired with the horizontal component model proposed by Abrahamson et al. (2014) to produce a V/H ratio. For applications where the horizontal spectrum is derived from the weighted average of several horizontal ground motion models, a V/H model derived directly from the V/H data (such as Gülerce and Abrahamson 2011 ) should be preferred.

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10

Lin, Li, Rui Zhi Wen, Bao Feng Zhou y Da Cheng Shi. "Study on Strong Motion Records Database and Selection Methods". Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (diciembre de 2012): 2117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.2117.

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In this paper, PEER Ground Motion Databases (PGMD) at the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) was updated by 314 sets of ground motion records of great earthquakes in recent years, which expanded the application of this database. This paper reviews alternative selection methods for strong ground motion records. The expanded database could make the different selection and scaling of strong motion records in great earthquakes, and the conditional mean spectrum (CMS) method could be applied for the strong motion records selection in structural spectrum analysis.

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11

Kishida, Tadahiro, Danilo Di Giacinto y Giuseppe Iaccarino. "Comparison of Manual and Automated Ground Motion Processing for Small-to-Moderate-Magnitude Earthquakes in Japan". Earthquake Spectra 33, n.º 3 (agosto de 2017): 875–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/080316eqs124m.

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Numerous time series for small-to-moderate-magnitude (SMM) earthquakes have been recorded in many regions. A uniformly-processed ground-motion database is essential in the development of regional ground-motion models. An automated processing protocol is useful in developing the database for these earthquakes especially when the number of recordings is substantial. This study compares a manual and an automated ground-motion processing methods using SMM earthquakes. The manual method was developed by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center to build the database of time series and associated ground-motion parameters. The automated protocol was developed to build a database of pseudo-spectral acceleration for the Kiban-Kyoshin network recordings. Two significant differences were observed when the two methods were applied to identical acceleration time series. First, the two methods differed in the criteria for the acceptance or rejection of the time series in the database. Second, they differed in the high-pass corner frequency used to filter noise from the acceleration time series. The influences of these differences were investigated on ground-motion parameters to elucidate the quality of ground-motion database for SMM earthquakes.

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12

Akkar, S., M. A. Sandıkkaya, M. Şenyurt, A. Azari Sisi, B. Ö. Ay, P. Traversa, J. Douglas et al. "Reference database for seismic ground-motion in Europe (RESORCE)". Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 12, n.º 1 (19 de septiembre de 2013): 311–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-013-9506-8.

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13

Ancheta, Timothy D., Robert B. Darragh, Jonathan P. Stewart, Emel Seyhan, Walter J. Silva, Brian S. J. Chiou, Katie E. Wooddell et al. "NGA-West2 Database". Earthquake Spectra 30, n.º 3 (agosto de 2014): 989–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/070913eqs197m.

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The NGA-West2 project database expands on its predecessor to include worldwide ground motion data recorded from shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regimes post-2000 and a set of small-to-moderate-magnitude earthquakes in California between 1998 and 2011. The database includes 21,336 (mostly) three-component records from 599 events. The parameter space covered by the database is M 3.0 to M 7.9, closest distance of 0.05 to 1,533 km, and site time-averaged shear-wave velocity in the top 30 m of V S30 = 94 m/s to 2,100 m/s (although data becomes sparse for distances >400 km and V S30 > 1,200 m/s or <150 m/s). The database includes uniformly processed time series and response spectral ordinates for 111 periods ranging from 0.01 s to 20 s at 11 damping ratios. Ground motions and metadata for source, path, and site conditions were subject to quality checks by ground motion prediction equation developers and topical working groups.

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Bastías, Nicolas y Gonzalo A. Montalva. "Chile Strong Ground Motion Flatfile". Earthquake Spectra 32, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2016): 2549–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/102715eqs158dp.

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The Nazca-South American plate boundary produces large-magnitude events (Mw > 8) every 20 years on the coast of Chile. This work describes a public ground motion database that contains 3,572 records from 477 earthquakes and 181 seismic stations, which includes the recent 2015 Mw 8.3 Illapel earthquake. The data set is controlled by subduction interface and inslab events. The oldest event included is Valparaiso (1985), and the magnitude span is 4.6–8.8 Mw. The source-to-site distance metrics reported are the closest distance to the rupture plane ( R rup), epicentral ( R epi) and hypocentral ( R hyp) distances, with a range for R rup from 20 to 650 km. Site characterization is based on V S30, ranging from 110 to 1,951 m/s. Intensity measures included are peak ground acceleration, spectral acceleration values from 0.01 to 10 s, Arias intensity, and peak ground velocity. Each record was uniformly processed component by component. A flatfile with the related metadata and the spectral accelerations from processed ground motions is available at NEEShub ( http://doi.org/10.17603/DS2N30J ; Bastías and Montalva 2015 ).

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15

Salic, Radmila, M. Abdullah Sandikkaya, Zoran Milutinovic, Zeynep Gulerce, Llambro Duni, Vladan Kovacevic, Snjezana Markusic et al. "BSHAP project strong ground motion database and selection of suitable ground motion models for the Western Balkan Region". Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 15, n.º 4 (9 de julio de 2016): 1319–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-016-9950-3.

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16

Ogweno, L. P. y C. H. Cramer. "Comparing the CENA GMPEs Using NGA-East Ground-Motion Database". Seismological Research Letters 85, n.º 6 (1 de noviembre de 2014): 1377–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220140045.

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17

Pitilakis, K., Z. Roumelioti, M. Manakou, D. Raptakis, K. Liakakis, A. Anastasiadis y D. Pitilakis. "The web portal of the EUROSEISTEST strong ground motion database." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 47, n.º 3 (21 de diciembre de 2016): 1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.10978.

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Strong motion data that have been recorded during the 20-years of operation of the permanent network of EUROSEISTEST (Mygdonia basin, Northern Greece) have been homogenized and organized in an easily accessible, via the web, database. The EUROSEISTEST web portal and the application server running underneath are based solely on free and open source software (F/OSS; MySQL v5.5; RubyOnRails,SAC, Gnuplot and numerous GNU supporting utilities). Its interface allows the user to easily search strong motion data from approximately 200 events and 26 strong motion stations using event-related, record-related or station-related criteria. Further investigation of the data is possible in a graphical environment which includesplots of processed and unprocessed acceleration waveforms, velocity and displacement time histories, amplitude Fourier and response spectra and spectrograms. A great effort was directed toward the inclusion of accurate and most updated earthquake metadata, as well as a wealth of stations related information such as geotechnicaland geophysical site characterization measurements, subsoil structure and site effects. Acceleration data can be easily downloaded in either SAC or ASCII format, while all stations metadata are also available to download.

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Schiappapietra, Erika, Chiara Felicetta y Maria D’Amico. "Fling-Step Recovering from Near-Source Waveforms Database". Geosciences 11, n.º 2 (4 de febrero de 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11020067.

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We present an upgraded processing scheme (eBASCO, extended BASeline COrrection) to remove the baseline of strong-motion records by means of a piece-wise linear detrending of the velocity time history. Differently from standard processing schemes, eBASCO does not apply any filtering to remove the low-frequency content of the signal. This approach preserves both the long-period near-source ground-motion, featured by one-side pulse in the velocity trace, and the offset at the end of the displacement trace (fling-step). The software is suitable for a rapid identification of fling-containing waveforms within large strong-motion datasets. The ground displacement of about 600 three-component near-source waveforms has been recovered with the aim of (1) extensively testing the eBASCO capability to capture the long-period content of near-source records, and (2) compiling a qualified strong-motion flat-file useful to calibrate attenuation models for peak ground displacement (PGD), 5% damped displacement response spectra (DS), and permanent displacement amplitude (PD). The results provide a more accurate estimate of ground motions that can be adopted for different engineering purposes, such as performance-based seismic design of structures.

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Akkar, Sinan, Zehra Çağnan, Emrah Yenier, Özgür Erdoğan, M. Abdullah Sandıkkaya y Polat Gülkan. "The recently compiled Turkish strong motion database: preliminary investigation for seismological parameters". Journal of Seismology 14, n.º 3 (13 de agosto de 2009): 457–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10950-009-9176-9.

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20

KAWAKAMI, Hideji y Hidenori MOGI. "Probability Distribution of Peak Ground Acceleration Ratios Estimated from Strong Ground Motion Array Database." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, n.º 626 (1999): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1999.626_219.

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21

Huang, Duruo, Wenqi Du y Hong Zhu. "A procedure to select ground-motion time histories for deterministic seismic hazard analysis from the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) database". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 17, n.º 10 (6 de octubre de 2017): 1725–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1725-2017.

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Abstract. In performance-based seismic design, ground-motion time histories are needed for analyzing dynamic responses of nonlinear structural systems. However, the number of ground-motion data at design level is often limited. In order to analyze seismic performance of structures, ground-motion time histories need to be either selected from recorded strong-motion database or numerically simulated using stochastic approaches. In this paper, a detailed procedure to select proper acceleration time histories from the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) database for several cities in Taiwan is presented. Target response spectra are initially determined based on a local ground-motion prediction equation under representative deterministic seismic hazard analyses. Then several suites of ground motions are selected for these cities using the Design Ground Motion Library (DGML), a recently proposed interactive ground-motion selection tool. The selected time histories are representatives of the regional seismic hazard and should be beneficial to earthquake studies when comprehensive seismic hazard assessments and site investigations are unavailable. Note that this method is also applicable to site-specific motion selections with the target spectra near the ground surface considering the site effect.

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JACOB, C., K. SEPAHVAND, V. A. MATSAGAR y S. MARBURG. "STOCHASTIC SEISMIC RESPONSE OF BASE-ISOLATED BUILDINGS". International Journal of Applied Mechanics 05, n.º 01 (marzo de 2013): 1350006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825113500063.

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The stochastic response of base-isolated building considering the uncertainty in the characteristics of the earthquakes is investigated. For this purpose, a probabilistic ground motion model, for generating artificial earthquakes is developed. The model is based upon a stochastic ground motion model which has separable amplitude and spectral non-stationarities. An extensive database of recorded earthquake ground motions is created. The set of parameters required by the stochastic ground motion model to depict a particular ground motion is evaluated for all the ground motions in the database. Probability distributions are created for all the parameters. Using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, the set of parameters required by the stochastic ground motion model to simulate ground motions is obtained from the distributions and ground motions. Further, the bilinear model of the isolator described by its characteristic strength, post-yield stiffness and yield displacement is used, and the stochastic response is determined by using an ensemble of generated earthquakes. A parametric study is conducted for the various characteristics of the isolator. This study presents an approach for stochastic seismic response analysis of base-isolated building considering the uncertainty involved in the earthquake ground motion.

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Meimandi-Parizi, Ali, Masoud Daryoushi, Abbas Mahdavian y Hamid Saffari. "Ground-Motion Models for the Prediction of Significant Duration Using Strong-Motion Data from Iran". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 110, n.º 1 (14 de enero de 2020): 319–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120190109.

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ABSTRACT In this study, new prediction equations for significant duration (DS5–75 and DS5–95) are developed using an Iranian strong ground-motion database. The database includes 2228 records of 749 earthquakes with small to large magnitudes up to the year 2018. The functional form of the model is an additive natural logarithm of four predictor variables, namely moment magnitude (Mw), rupture distance (Rrup), time-averaged shear-wave velocity in the top 30 m (VS30), and the style of faulting effect (Fm), which is considered as an indicator directly in the functional form for the first time. The proposed models can be used to estimate significant durations of earthquakes with moment magnitudes (Mw) from 4.5 to 7.6 and rupture distances of up to 200 km. The models are compared with four existing significant-duration prediction models. The results indicate proper agreement between the proposed models and the models that use the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center-Next Generation Attenuation-West2 Project (PEER-NGA West2) database (say PEER models). Based on the results, our proposed models indicate an increasing trend of significant duration with an increase in the rupture distance. However, unlike the PEER models, the rate of increase in significant duration is decreasing in our model.

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Özçalışkan, Şeyda. "Typological variation in encoding the manner, path, and ground components of a metaphorical motion event". Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics 2 (31 de diciembre de 2004): 73–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/arcl.2.03ozc.

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The paper compares two typologically distinct languages with regard to their lexicalization patterns in encoding metaphorical motion events: (1) verb-framed (V-language, represented by Turkish), in which the preferred pattern for framing motion events is the use of a path verb with an optional manner adjunct (e.g.,enter running), and (2) satellite-framed (S-language, represented by English), in which path is lexicalized in an element associated with the verb, leaving the verb free to encode manner (e.g.,run in). The paper focuses on typological differences in encoding the manner, path, and ground components of metaphorical motion events, using data from novels written originally in English or Turkish, and further extends the applicability of the typological dichotomy to the metaphorical uses of the lexicon.

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Rennolet, Steven B., Morgan P. Moschetti, Eric M. Thompson y William L. Yeck. "A Flatfile of Ground Motion Intensity Measurements from Induced Earthquakes in Oklahoma and Kansas". Earthquake Spectra 34, n.º 1 (febrero de 2018): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/101916eqs175dp.

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We have produced a uniformly processed database of orientation-independent (RotD50, RotD100) ground motion intensity measurements containing peak horizontal ground motions (accelerations and velocities) and 5-percent-damped pseudospectral accelerations (0.1–10 s) from more than 3,800 M ≥ 3 earthquakes in Oklahoma and Kansas that occurred between January 2009 and December 2016. Ground motion time series were collected from regional, national, and temporary seismic arrays out to 500 km. We relocated the majority of the earthquake hypocenters using a multiple-event relocation algorithm to produce a set of near uniformly processed hypocentral locations. Ground motion processing followed standard methods, with the primary objective of reducing the effects of noise on the measurements. Regional wave propagation features and the high seismicity rate required careful selection of signal windows to ensure that we captured the entire ground motion record and that contaminating signals from extraneous earthquakes did not contribute to the database. Processing was carried out with an automated scheme and resulted in a database comprising more than 174,000 records ( https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F73B5X8N ). We anticipate that these results will be useful for improved understanding of earthquake ground motions and for seismic hazard applications.

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Han, Jian Ping y Yi Luo. "Influence of Ground Motion Spectral Shape on Nonlinear Responses of a 3-Storey RC Frame". Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (mayo de 2012): 2358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.2358.

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Selection and modification of recorded earthquake ground motions is one of the most important issues for reliable seismic performance evaluation of the structure. In order to investigate the influence of ground motion spectral shape on nonlinear seismic response and to find the implication for ground motion selection and modification, a 3-storey RC planar frame is taken as case study in this paper. 15 ground motion records are chosen from PEER Ground Motion Database and Wenchuan Great Earthquake as dynamic analysis inputs.

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Cauzzi, Carlo y Ezio Faccioli. "Comment to “BSHAP project strong ground motion database and selection of suitable ground motion models for the Western Balkan Region”". Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 15, n.º 4 (9 de febrero de 2017): 1345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-017-0104-z.

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Shahi, Shrey K. y Jack W. Baker. "NGA-West2 Models for Ground Motion Directionality". Earthquake Spectra 30, n.º 3 (agosto de 2014): 1285–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/040913eqs097m.

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The NGA-West2 research program, coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER), is a major effort to produce refined models for predicting ground motion response spectra. This study presents new models for ground motion directionality developed as part of that project. Using a database of recorded ground motions, empirical models have been developed for a variety of quantities related to direction-dependent spectra. A model is proposed for the maximum spectral acceleration observed in any orientation of horizontal ground motion shaking ( Sa RotD100), which is formulated as a multiplicative factor to be coupled with the NGA-West2 models that predict the median spectral accelerations over all orientations ( Sa RotD50). Models are also proposed for the distribution of orientations of the Sa RotD100 value, relative to the fault and the relationship between Sa RotD100 orientations at differing periods. Discussion is provided regarding how these results can be applied to perform seismic hazard analysis and compute realistic target spectra conditioned on different parameters.

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Zimmaro, Paolo, Dong Youp Kwak, Yi Tyan Tsai, Jonathan P. Stewart, Scott J. Brandenberg, Atsushi Mikami y Shojiro Kataoka. "Database on seismic response of instrumented flood control levees". Earthquake Spectra 36, n.º 2 (31 de enero de 2020): 924–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755293019891712.

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We present a database documenting the seismic response of seven instrumented flood control levee segments in Japan. The database includes (1) maps and cross-sections showing levee geometry and instrument layouts; (2) ground motion time series, and (where available) piezometric recordings; (3) reported field performance from post-earthquake reconnaissance (i.e. permanent displacements, other evidence of ground failure); and (4) geotechnical data, including geologic cross-sections, stratigraphy, penetration resistance, and shear wave velocity ( VS) profiles. The data are complete with respect to these attributes for three sites, with geotechnical data and field performance data missing for two and four sites, respectively. The database contains 150 recordings from 25 events and can be accessed through DOI: 10.21222/C2TC95. Ground motions were processed using standard procedures for Next Generation Attenuation projects. We present example data for a segment damaged by the M9.1 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake, which includes ground motion and pore water pressure measurements.

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Kamai, Ronnie y Norman Abrahamson. "Are Near-Fault Fling Effects Captured in the New NGA West2 Ground Motion Models?" Earthquake Spectra 31, n.º 3 (agosto de 2015): 1629–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/101713eqs270m.

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We evaluate how much of the fling effect is removed from the NGA database and accompanying GMPEs due to standard strong motion processing. The analysis uses a large set of finite-fault simulations, processed with four different high-pass filter corners, representing the distribution within the PEER ground motion database. The effects of processing on the average horizontal component, the vertical component, and peak ground motion values are evaluated by taking the ratio between unprocessed and processed values. The results show that PGA, PGV, and other spectral values are not significantly affected by processing, partly thanks to the maximum period constraint used when developing the NGA GMPEs, but that the bias in peak ground displacement should not be ignored.

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31

Baker, Jack W. y Nirmal Jayaram. "Correlation of Spectral Acceleration Values from NGA Ground Motion Models". Earthquake Spectra 24, n.º 1 (febrero de 2008): 299–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2857544.

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Ground motion models (or “attenuation relationships”) describe the probability distribution of spectral acceleration at an individual period, given a set of predictor variables such as magnitude and distance, but they do not address the correlations between spectral acceleration values at multiple periods or orientations. Those correlations are needed for several calculations related to seismic hazard analysis and ground motion selection. Four NGA models and the NGA ground motion database are used here to measure these correlations, and predictive equations are fit to the results. The equations are valid for periods from 0.01 seconds to 10 seconds, versus similar previous equations that were valid only between 0.05 and 5 seconds and produced unreasonable results if extrapolated. Use of the new NGA ground motion database also facilitates a first study of correlations from intra- and inter-event residuals. Observed correlations are not sensitive to the choice of accompanying ground motion model, and intra-event, inter-event, and total residuals all exhibit similar correlation structure. A single equation is thus applicable for a variety of correlation predictions. A simple example illustrates the use of the proposed equations for one hazard analysis application.

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32

Du, Wenqi y Gang Wang. "Prediction Equations for Ground‐Motion Significant Durations Using the NGA‐West2 Database". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 107, n.º 1 (27 de diciembre de 2016): 319–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120150352.

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33

Kaiser, Anna, Chris Van Houtte, Nick Perrin, Liam Wotherspoon y Graeme McVerry. "Site characterisation of GeoNet stations for the New Zealand Strong Motion Database". Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 50, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2017): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.50.1.39-49.

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The New Zealand Strong Motion Database provides a wealth of new strong motion data for engineering applications. In order to utilise these data in ground motion prediction, characterisation of key site parameters at each of the ~497 past and present GeoNet strong motion stations represented in the database is required. Here, we present the compilation of a complete set of site metadata for the New Zealand database, including four key parameters: i) NZS1170.5 site subsoil classification, ii) the time-averaged shear-wave velocity to a depth of 30 m (Vs30), iii) fundamental site period (Tsite) and iv) depth to a shear-wave velocity of 1000 m/s (Z1.0, a proxy for depth to bedrock). In addition, we have assigned a quality estimate (Quality 1 – 3) to each numerical parameter to provide a qualitative estimate of the uncertainty. New high-quality Tsite, Vs30 and Z1.0 estimates have been obtained from a variety of recent studies, and reconciled with available geological information. This database will be used in efforts to guide development and testing of new and existing ground motion prediction models in New Zealand, allowing re-examination of the most important site parameters that control site response in a New Zealand setting. Preliminary analyses, using the newly compiled data, suggest that high quality site parameters can reduce uncertainty in ground motion prediction. Furthermore, the database can be used to identify suitable rock reference sites for seismological research, and as a guide to more detailed site-specific references in the literature. The database provides an additional resource for informing engineering design, however it is not suitable as a replacement for site-specific assessment.

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34

Yilmaz, S. "Ground motion predictive modelling based on genetic algorithms". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 11, n.º 10 (20 de octubre de 2011): 2781–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-2781-2011.

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Abstract. This study aims to utilise genetic algorithms for the estimation of peak ground accelerations (PGA). A case study is carried out for the earthquake data from south-west Turkey. The input parameters used for the development of attenuation relationship are magnitude, depth of earthquake, epicentral distance, average shear wave velocity and slope height of the site. Earthquake database compiled by the Earthquake Research Institute of Turkey was used for model development. An important contribution to this study is the slope/hill data included into the dataset. Developed empirical model has a good correlation (R = 0.78 and 0.75 for the training and overall datasets) between measured and estimated PGA values. The proposed model is also compared with local empirical predictive models and its results are found to be reasonable. The slope-hill effect found to be an important parameter for the estimation of PGA.

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35

Sabetta, Fabio, Antonio Pugliese, Gabriele Fiorentino, Giovanni Lanzano y Lucia Luzi. "Simulation of non-stationary stochastic ground motions based on recent Italian earthquakes". Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 19, n.º 9 (7 de abril de 2021): 3287–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01077-1.

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AbstractThis work presents an up-to-date model for the simulation of non-stationary ground motions, including several novelties compared to the original study of Sabetta and Pugliese (Bull Seism Soc Am 86:337–352, 1996). The selection of the input motion in the framework of earthquake engineering has become progressively more important with the growing use of nonlinear dynamic analyses. Regardless of the increasing availability of large strong motion databases, ground motion records are not always available for a given earthquake scenario and site condition, requiring the adoption of simulated time series. Among the different techniques for the generation of ground motion records, we focused on the methods based on stochastic simulations, considering the time- frequency decomposition of the seismic ground motion. We updated the non-stationary stochastic model initially developed in Sabetta and Pugliese (Bull Seism Soc Am 86:337–352, 1996) and later modified by Pousse et al. (Bull Seism Soc Am 96:2103–2117, 2006) and Laurendeau et al. (Nonstationary stochastic simulation of strong ground-motion time histories: application to the Japanese database. 15 WCEE Lisbon, 2012). The model is based on the S-transform that implicitly considers both the amplitude and frequency modulation. The four model parameters required for the simulation are: Arias intensity, significant duration, central frequency, and frequency bandwidth. They were obtained from an empirical ground motion model calibrated using the accelerometric records included in the updated Italian strong-motion database ITACA. The simulated accelerograms show a good match with the ground motion model prediction of several amplitude and frequency measures, such as Arias intensity, peak acceleration, peak velocity, Fourier spectra, and response spectra.

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36

Han, Jian Ping, Qing Yan y Wei Zhou. "Vertical Ground Motion Characteristics of Wenchuan Earthquake". Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (septiembre de 2011): 1828–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.1828.

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The Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008(Mw=8.0) was the most significant earthquake that had affected Chinese Mainland since the Tangshan earthquake of 1976. The dense network of seismographs deployed in this region recorded ground motion acceleration data with good quality. In this paper, vertical ground motion characteristics of Wenchuan Earthquake are investigated from the database including 282 records at 94 stations. Special attention is focused on the behavior of the recorded vertical ground motion and its relation to the horizontal ground motion counterparts. The results indicate that the average value of the ratios of vertical to horizontal peak ground acceleration (av/ah) is 0.58, but the ratios of over 30% stations exceed the rule-of-thumb value of 2/3. This av/ah is much discrete in the near-fault region and tends to decrease with the increase of epicentral distance. Furthermore, site condition also influences this ratio. The curve of vertical to horizontal acceleration response spectral ratio (Sav/Sah) with period ranging from 0 to 6s appears to be saddle-shaped overall and Sav/Sah value varies within different period range. It is also can be seen that the vertical acceleration response spectrum (Sav) looks thin compared with the horizontal acceleration response spectrum (Sah). Except several stations, the ratio of vertical to horizontal ground motion predominant period (Tpv/ Tph) is less than 1.0, and it increases with the increase of epicentral distance and becomes smooth gradually.

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37

Kalkan, Erol y Polat Gülkan. "Site-Dependent Spectra Derived from Ground Motion Records in Turkey". Earthquake Spectra 20, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2004): 1111–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1812555.

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The current spectral shapes in the Turkish Seismic Code ( TSC) are based on broadly described geological conditions, ignoring fault distance or magnitude dependencies on spectral ordinates. To address this deficiency, a data set created from a suite of 112 strong ground motion records from 57 earthquakes that occurred between 1976 and 2003 has been used to develop horizontal attenuation relationships for Turkey. This way it is possible to construct hazard-consistent design spectra for any national seismic region. The results are compared with the site-dependent spectral shapes of the Uniform Building Code ( UBC) and the current TSC. It is shown that corner periods are consistent with those of UBC. TSC yields wider constant spectral acceleration plateau. Design spectra in both of these documents are conservative if the ground motion library that we used in deriving the spectral shapes is taken as representative. The results of this study enable site-distance–magnitude-specific design spectra suitable as a tool both for deterministic (scenario earthquakes) and probabilistic seismic hazard assessments.

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38

Naguit, Muriel, Phil Cummins, Mark Edwards, Hadi Ghasemi, Bartolome Bautista, Hyeuk Ryu y Marcus Haynes. "From Source to Building Fragility: Post-Event Assessment of the 2013 M7.1 Bohol, Philippines, Earthquake". Earthquake Spectra 33, n.º 3 (agosto de 2017): 999–1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/0101716eqs173m.

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We use ground-motion simulations of the 2013 Bohol, Philippines, earthquake along with a new post-disaster exposure/damage database to constrain building fragility and vulnerability. The large number of damaged buildings (>70,000) and the wide spread of seismic intensities caused by this earthquake make it an ideal candidate for such a study. An extensive survey was conducted leading to a robust description of over 25,000 damaged and undamaged structures. Ground-motion fields were simulated using ground-motion prediction equations and stochastic modeling, and the estimated and observed values were compared. The finite source model used in the simulation was based on the analysis of aftershocks and SAR data. The ground motions were associated with the empirical database to derive fragility and vulnerability models. Results indicate that the pattern of damage is best captured in the stochastic simulation. Constraints were placed on seismic building fragility and vulnerability models, which can promote more effective implementation of construction regulations and practices.

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39

Moratalla, Jose M., Tatiana Goded, David A. Rhoades, Silvia Canessa y Matthew C. Gerstenberger. "New Ground Motion to Intensity Conversion Equations (GMICEs) for New Zealand". Seismological Research Letters 92, n.º 1 (30 de septiembre de 2020): 448–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220200156.

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Abstract Macroseismic intensities play a key role in the engineering, seismological, and loss modeling communities. However, at present, there is an increasing demand for instrumental data-based loss estimations that require statistical relationships between intensities and strong-motion data. In New Zealand, there was an urgent need to update the ground motion to intensity conversion equation (GMICE) from 2007, developed prior to a large number of recent earthquakes including the 2010–2011 Canterbury and 2016 Kaikōura earthquake sequences. Two main factors now provide us with the opportunity to update New Zealand’s GMICE: (1) recent publication of New Zealand’s Strong-Motion Database, corresponding to 276 New Zealand earthquakes with magnitudes 3.5–7.8 and 4–185 km depths; and (2) recent generation of a community intensity database from GeoNet’s “Felt Classic” (2004–2016) and “Felt Detailed” (2016–2019) questionnaires, corresponding to around 930,000 individual reports. Ground-motion data types analyzed are peak ground velocity (PGV) and peak ground acceleration (PGA). The intensity database contains 67,572 felt reports from 917 earthquakes, with magnitudes 3.5–8.1, and 1797 recordings from 247 strong-motion stations (SMSs), with hypocentral distances of 5–345 km. Different regression analyses were tested, and the bilinear regression of binned mean strong-motion recordings for 0.5 modified Mercalli intensity bins was selected as the most appropriate. Total least squares regression was chosen for reversibility in the conversions. PGV provided the best-fitting results, with lower standard deviations. The influence of hypocentral distance, earthquake magnitude, and the site effects of local geology, represented by the mean shear-wave velocity in the first 30 m depth, on the residuals was also explored. A regional correction factor for New Zealand, suitable for adjustment of global relationships, has also been estimated.

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40

Bullock, Zach. "Ground motion models for Arias intensity, cumulative absolute velocity, peak incremental ground velocity, and significant duration in New Zealand". Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 52, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2019): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.52.4.193-207.

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This study proposes empirical ground motion models for a variety of non-spectral intensity measures and significant durations in New Zealand. Equations are presented for the prediction of the median and maximum rotated components of Arias intensity, cumulative absolute velocity, cumulative absolute velocity above a 5 cm/s2 acceleration threshold, peak incremental ground velocity, and the 5% to 75% and 5% to 95% significant durations. Recent research has highlighted the usefulness of these parameters in both structural and geotechnical engineering. The New Zealand Strong Motion Database provides the database for regression and includes many earthquakes from all regions of New Zealand with the exceptions of Auckland and Northland, Otago and Southland, and Taranaki. The functional forms for the proposed models are selected using cross validation. The possible influence of effects not typically included in ground motion models for these intensity measures is considered, such as hanging wall effects and basin depth effects, as well as altered attenuation in the Taupo Volcanic Zone. The selected functional forms include magnitude and rupture depth scaling, attenuation with distance, and shallow site effects. Finally, the spatial autocorrelation of the models’ within-event residuals is considered and recommendations are made for developing correlated maps of intensity predictions stochastically.

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41

Gülerce, Zeynep y Norman A. Abrahamson. "Site-Specific Design Spectra for Vertical Ground Motion". Earthquake Spectra 27, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2011): 1023–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3651317.

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This paper contains ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) for the vertical-to-horizontal spectral acceleration (V/H) ratio, and the methods for constructing vertical design spectra that are consistent with the probabilistic seismic hazard assessment results for the horizontal ground motion component. The GMPEs for V/H ratio consistent with the horizontal GMPE of Abrahamson and Silva (2008) are derived using the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center's Next Generation of Ground-Motion Attenuation Models (PEER-NGA) database (Chiou et. al. 2008). The proposed V/H ratio GMPE is dependent on the earthquake magnitude and distance, consistent with previous models, but it differs from previous studies in that it accounts for the differences in the nonlinear site-response effects on the horizontal and vertical components. This difference in nonlinear effects results in large V/H ratios at short spectral periods for soil sites located close to large earthquakes. A method to develop vertical design spectra dependent on the horizontal component uniform hazard spectrum that accounts for the correlation between the variability of the horizontal ground-motion model and the variability of the V/H ratio ground-motion model is proposed.

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42

Kohrangi, Mohsen, Athanasios N. Papadopoulos, Paolo Bazzurro y Dimitrios Vamvatsikos. "Correlation of spectral acceleration values of vertical and horizontal ground motion pairs". Earthquake Spectra 36, n.º 4 (27 de mayo de 2020): 2112–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755293020919416.

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We present correlation coefficient estimates between a number of ground motion intensity measures ( IMs), as measured from the NGA-West2 database, with focus on the correlation of vertical–vertical and vertical–horizontal ground motion components. The IMs considered include spectral accelerations with periods from 0.01 to 10 s, peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, and significant duration (for 5%–75% and 5%–95% definitions). To facilitate their use, parametric equations are also fitted to the correlation models. Finally, the dependence of the obtained correlation coefficients to magnitude, distance, and Vs30 is evaluated.

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43

Farhadi, Ali, Zoya Farajpour y Shahram Pezeshk. "Assessing Predictive Capability of Ground‐Motion Models for Probabilistic Seismic Hazard in Iran". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 109, n.º 5 (16 de julio de 2019): 2073–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120180307.

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Abstract We assessed the applicability of several ground‐motion models (GMMs) against Iran’s local data. Candidate GMMs are selected from those developed for shallow crustal regions such as Iran, Turkey, Japan, Europe and the Middle East, and the western United States. We made the evaluation database prospective to all candidate GMMs to assess their predictive capability. The evaluation database is composed of 643 records from 240 earthquakes with magnitudes ranging from 3.9 to 7.3 and Joyner–Boore distances up to 300 km. We implemented the log‐likelihood method of Scherbaum et al. (2009), the Euclidean distance‐based ranking proposed by Kale and Akkar (2013), and the multivariate logarithmic score of Mak et al. (2017) to evaluate the candidate models. We ranked GMMs by paying attention to the issue of score variability. To assess the score variability, we generated resampled datasets from the whole database using the cluster bootstrap technique and ranked models based on their relative performance among bootstrap samples. Overall, Sedaghati and Pezeshk (2017), Zafarani et al. (2018), and Farajpour et al. (2019) local models outperform remaining models considering the whole database over the entire frequency range. For high‐seismicity regions, the Zhao et al. (2006) model can be used in line with the first two local models to better quantify epistemic uncertainties associated with the process of model selection. In addition to aforementioned local models, Bindi et al. (2014) show acceptable performance against small‐to‐moderate magnitude data and may be considered for estimating seismic hazard in low‐seismicity regions of Iran.

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44

Lu, Shu Nan, Chang Hai Zhai y Li Li Xie. "Duration Characteristics of Ground Motion Based on Wenchuan Earthquake". Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (octubre de 2011): 1231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.1231.

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Records from 56 stations on free-field within 150km to causative fault surface are used as database during the Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in china. According to this study, the duration of ground motion is strongly affected by rupture distance, site conditions, fault rupture directory and thrust of hanging wall. Duration is obtained based on the time between 10 and 80 per cent of Arias intensity. A simple attenuation relation in terms of rupture distance is proposed and compared with some available predictions. The durations of tri-component ground motions on hanging wall are smaller than those on the foot wall in the same range of rupture distance. Durations of ground motions close to rupture fault resulting from directivity effects are significantly different between the forward and backward direction, and this difference reaches nearly 2 times on average.

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45

Smerzini, Chiara, Carmine Galasso, Iunio Iervolino y Roberto Paolucci. "Ground Motion Record Selection Based on Broadband Spectral Compatibility". Earthquake Spectra 30, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2014): 1427–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/052312eqs197m.

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The increasing interest in performance-based earthquake engineering has promoted research on the improvement of hazard-consistent seismic input definition and on advanced criteria for strong motion record selection to perform nonlinear time history analyses. Within the ongoing research activities to improve the representation of seismic actions and to develop tools as a support for engineering practice, this study addresses the selection of displacement-spectrum-compatible real ground motions, with special reference to Italy. This involved (1) the definition of specific target displacement spectra for Italian sites, constrained—both at long and short periods—by results of probabilistic seismic hazard analyses; (2) the compilation of a high-quality strong ground motion database; and (3) the development of a software tool for computer-aided displacement-based record selection. Application examples show that sets of unscaled, or lightly scaled, accelerograms with limited record-to-record spectral variability can also easily be obtained when a broadband spectral compatibility is required.

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46

Cavdar, Esengul, Gokhan Ozdemir y Beyhan Bayhan. "Significance of Ground Motion Scaling Parameters on Amplitude of Scale Factors and Seismic Response of Short- and Long-Period Structures". Earthquake Spectra 35, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2019): 1663–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/081718eqs204m.

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In this study, an ensemble of ground motions is selected and scaled in order to perform code-compliant bidirectional Nonlinear Response History Analysis for the design purpose of both short- and long-period structures. The followed scaling method provides both the requirements of the Turkish Earthquake Code regarding the scaling of ground motions and compatibility of response spectra of selected ground motion pairs with the target spectrum. The effects of four parameters, involved in the followed scaling method, on both the amplitude of scale factors and seismic response of structures are investigated. These parameters are the number of ground motion records, period range, number of periods used in the related period range, and distribution of weight factors at the selected periods. In the analyses, ground motion excitations were applied to both fixed-base and seismically isolated structure models representative of short- and long-period structures, respectively. Results revealed that both the amplitudes of scale factors and seismic response of short-period structures are more prone to variation of investigated parameters compared to those of long-period structures.

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47

Schultz, Ryan, Vince Quitoriano, David J. Wald y Gregory C. Beroza. "Quantifying nuisance ground motion thresholds for induced earthquakes". Earthquake Spectra 37, n.º 2 (25 de enero de 2021): 789–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755293020988025.

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Hazards from induced earthquakes are a growing concern with a need for effective management. One aspect of that concern is the “nuisance” from unexpected ground motions, which have the potential to cause public alarm and discontent. In this article, we borrow earthquake engineering concepts to quantify the chance of building damage states and adapt them to quantify felt thresholds for induced earthquakes in the Central and Eastern United States. We compare binary data of felt or not-felt reports from the “Did You Feel It” database with ShakeMap ground motion intensity measures (IM) for ∼360 earthquakes. We use a Monte Carlo logistic regression to discern the likelihood of perceiving various degrees of felt intensity, given a particular IM. These best-fit nuisance functions are reported in this article and are readily transferable. Of the shaking types considered, we find that peak ground velocity tends to be the best predictor of a felt earthquake. We also find that felt thresholds tended to decrease with increasing earthquake magnitude, after M ∼3.9. We interpret this effect as related to the duration of the event, where events smaller than M 3.9 are perceived as “impulsive” to the human senses. Improved quantification of the nuisance from induced earthquake ground motions could be utilized in management of the public perception of their causal operations. Although aimed at anthropogenic earthquakes, thresholds we derive could be useful in other realms, such as establishing best practices and protocols for earthquake early warning.

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48

Power, Maurice, Brian Chiou, Norman Abrahamson, Yousef Bozorgnia, Thomas Shantz y Clifford Roblee. "An Overview of the NGA Project". Earthquake Spectra 24, n.º 1 (febrero de 2008): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2894833.

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The “Next Generation of Ground-Motion Attenuation Models” (NGA) project is a multidisciplinary research program coordinated by the Lifelines Program of the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER), in partnership with the U.S. Geological Survey and the Southern California Earthquake Center. The objective of the project is to develop new ground-motion prediction relations through a comprehensive and highly interactive research program. Five sets of ground-motion models were developed by teams working independently but interacting with one another throughout the development process. The development of ground-motion models was supported by other project components, which included (1) developing an updated and expanded PEER database of recorded ground motions, including supporting information on the strong-motion record processing, earthquake sources, travel path, and recording station site conditions; (2) conducting supporting research projects to provide guidance on the selected functional forms of the ground-motion models; and (3) conducting a program of interactions throughout the development process to provide input and reviews from both the scientific research and engineering user communities. An overview of the NGA project components, process, and products is presented in this paper.

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Yanan, Wang, Tang Guangwu, Liu Haiming, Wang Fujie y Chen yuan. "Response analysis of long-period seismic action in far field to long-span continuous beam bridge with isolated high piers". E3S Web of Conferences 276 (2021): 02030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127602030.

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In order to study the influence of far-field long-period seismic waves on high-pier and long-span continuous beam bridge, taking a high-pier and long-span continuous beam bridge with span arrangement of (95+170+95) m as an example, a numerical analysis model is established based on finite element software. According to the established wave selection criterion, 10 far-field long-period seismic records and 10 ordinary seismic records are selected from the strong earthquake record database. Using nonlinear time history analysis method, the difference of seismic response of long-span continuous beam bridge with isolated high piers under the action of ordinary ground motion and far-field long-period ground motion is studied. The results show that compared with the ordinary ground motion, the seismic response of long-span continuous beam bridge with isolated high piers is obviously increased under the action of long-period ground motion in the far field. When building isolated long-span bridges in areas with great influence of long-period ground motion in the far field, attention should be paid to the adverse effects caused by the frequency spectrum characteristics of ground motion.

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50

Yi, Jiang, Nelson Lam, Hing-Ho Tsang y Francis TK Au. "Selection of earthquake ground motion accelerograms for structural design in Hong Kong". Advances in Structural Engineering 23, n.º 10 (16 de febrero de 2020): 2044–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433220906926.

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Hong Kong is situated in an intraplate area of low to moderate seismicity, where recorded strong-motion accelerograms are scarce. As part of the seismic design process, dynamic time-history analysis is sometimes required for assessing the seismic performance of structures. Hence, earthquake accelerograms representative of various local design hazard levels are needed. This study aims to develop a methodology for building up a database of earthquake accelerograms for the Hong Kong region which can be used for the analysis and design of a variety of structural and geotechnical systems. An outline of the previous probabilistic seismic hazard analysis studies conducted for Hong Kong is first presented and several design earthquake scenarios are determined, which contribute most to the local seismic hazard given a specific return period. The median response spectra and conditional mean spectra of the selected earthquake scenarios for reference rock sites are then derived based on the component attenuation model. The conditional mean spectra are then used as the target spectra for the selection and scaling of recorded accelerograms sourced from the available global database. Finally, a suite of conditional mean spectra–compatible accelerograms for rock sites is presented, from which event-specific and site-specific accelerograms are generated through dynamic site response analysis.

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