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Gevers, Wim, Ineke Imbo, Roi Cohen Kadosh, Wim Fias y Robert J. Hartsuiker. "Bidirectionality in Synesthesia". Experimental Psychology 57, n.º 3 (1 de enero de 2010): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000022.
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Color-grapheme synesthetes automatically perceive achromatic numbers as colored (e.g., 7 is turquoise). Up until recently, synesthesia was believed to be unidirectional. For instance, the number 7 gives rise to the percept of turquoise but the perception of turquoise does not trigger the number 7. However, some recent studies argue for bidirectional connections ( Cohen Kadosh et al., 2005 ; Johnson et al., 2007 ; Knoch et al., 2005 ). In this study, a multiplication verification task (e.g., 7 × 2 = 14, true/false?) was used to test bidirectionality. In agreement with previous studies we observed that the presentation of colors evokes numerical magnitudes. The current findings add two important notions to previous studies: (a) The influence of color on the processing of numerical information can be extended to multiplication verification tasks and (b) The perception of color can both facilitate and interfere with the processing of digit-related information.
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CANTO-PEREIRA, LUIZ HENRIQUE M. DO, GALINA V. PARAMEI, EDGARD MORYA y RONALD D. RANVAUD. "Inhibition or facilitation of return: Does chromatic component count?" Visual Neuroscience 23, n.º 3-4 (mayo de 2006): 489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523806233261.
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Inhibitory effects have been reported when a target is preceded by a cue of the same color and location. Color-based inhibition was found using red and blue nonisoluminant stimuli (Law et al., 1995). Here we investigate whether this phenomenon depends on the chromatic subsystem involved by employing isoluminant colors varying along either the violet-yellow or purple-turquoise cardinal axis. Experiment 1 replicated Law et al.'s study: After fixating magenta, either a red or blue cue was presented, followed by a magenta “neutral attractor,” and, finally, by a red or blue target. In Experiment 2, violet and yellow, cue or target, varied along a tritan confusion line in the CIE 1976 chromaticity diagram. In Experiment 3, purple and turquoise, cue or target, varied along a deutan confusion line in the CIE 1976 chromaticity diagram. Normal trichromats (n = 19) participated in all three experiments. In Experiment 1, color repetition indeed resulted in longer reaction times (RTs) (4.7 ms, P = 0.038). In Experiment 2, however, no significant color repetition effect was found; RTs to violet and yellow were not significantly different, though tending toward slower responses (2 ms) for violet repetition but faster (5 ms) for yellow. Experiment 3 also showed no color repetition effect (P = 0.58); notably, RTs were overall faster for purple than for turquoise (22 ms, P < 0.0001). Furthermore, responses tended to be slower for purple repetition (4 ms, P > 0.05), but faster for turquoise (7 ms, P > 0.05). These findings demonstrate that color repetition is not always inhibitory but may turn facilitatory depending on the colors employed. The results indicate that disengagement of attention is an unlikely mechanism to be the sole explanation of previously reported color-based inhibition of return. We suggest a complementary, perceptual explanation: response (dis)advantage depends on whether the stimuli are isoluminant and on the opponent chromatic subsystem involved. The choice of the colors employed and the cue-attractor-target constellation also may be of significance.
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Shieh, Kong-King y Yen-Kung Lai. "Effects of Ambient Illumination, Luminance Contrast, and Stimulus Type on Subjective Preference of VDT Target and Background Color Combinations". Perceptual and Motor Skills 107, n.º 2 (octubre de 2008): 336–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.107.2.336-352.
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This study investigated the effects of the target and background color combination on subjective preference, i.e., aesthetic appearance, legibility and visual comfort, of stimuli presented on a visual display terminal under various ambient illuminations, luminance contrasts, and stimulus types. Analysis showed the main effect of color combination was significant for the three dependent variables. Black-on-white and blue-on-white were the most preferred combinations, while turquoise-on-green and turquoise-on-red were the least preferred. A sign was rated better than text. The significant interaction between color combination and luminance contrast indicated that more preferred color combinations were rated better under higher luminance contrast, whereas less preferred color combinations had better ratings under lower luminance contrast.
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Yang, Liuxinyue, Bo Qi y Qi Guo. "The Effect of Icon Color Combinations in Information Interfaces on Task Performance under Varying Levels of Cognitive Load". Applied Sciences 14, n.º 10 (16 de mayo de 2024): 4212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14104212.
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In human–computer interaction interfaces, icons serve as highly symbolic elements that convey information and significantly influence the performance of visual search and other tasks. Thus, the selection of appropriate colors plays a crucial role in the design of human–computer interfaces. This study aimed to investigate the effects of icon color combinations on human visual search task performance across various cognitive load conditions. The experiment was divided into two parts, involving a cognitive load test experiment and an icon search task, wherein the former required participants to select the target icon from 16 de-colored icons, and the latter involved selecting the target icon from 16 color combinations of 8 colors (background colors: black, red, blue, and purple; foreground colors: white, yellow, green, and turquoise). A total of 20 participants (11 females and 9 males, all aged between 18 and 24 years) were recruited for this experiment to perform both tasks sequentially. Through a comprehensive consideration of factors such as the NASA-TLX scale, retrieval time, etc., the experimental results revealed that cognitive load increased with time pressure, resulting in varying optimal color combinations for different cognitive load levels. Additionally, background colors did not affect task response time under different cognitive loads, whereas white foreground color was superior to turquoise foreground color in a medium cognitive load environment. Meanwhile, our results recommend prioritizing white-on-black as the preferred color combination, given that it demonstrated excellent cognitive performance in all three cognitive load environments. Conversely, white-on-blue is not recommended as a color combination for the design of high cognitive load environments. Concerning medium cognitive load environments, yellow-on-red or white-on-purple color combinations were preferred. Finally, in low cognitive load environments, white-on-purple is recommended as the primary color combination. Overall, this study provides a theoretical reference for the future design of interactive interface icons across various contexts.
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Kadosh, Roi Cohen, Noam Sagiv, David E. J. Linden, Lynn C. Robertson, Gali Elinger y Avishai Henik. "When Blue is Larger than Red: Colors Influence Numerical Cognition in Synesthesia". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 17, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2005): 1766–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892905774589181.
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In synesthesia, certain stimuli (“inducers”) may give rise to perceptual experience in additional modalities not normally associated with them (“concurrent”). For example, color-grapheme synesthetes automatically perceive achromatic numbers as colored (e.g., 7 is turquoise). Although synesthetes know when a given color matches the one evoked by a certain number, colors do not automatically give rise to any sort of number experience. The behavioral consequences of synesthesia have been documented using Stroop-like paradigms, usually using color judgments. Owing to the unidirectional nature of the synesthetic experience, little has been done to obtain performance measures that could indicate whether bidirectional cross-activation occurs in synesthesia. Here it is shown that colors do implicitly evoke numerical magnitudes in color-grapheme synesthetes, but not in nonsynesthetic participants. It is proposed that bidirectional co-activation of brain areas is responsible for the links between color and magnitude processing in color-grapheme synesthesia and that unidirectional models of synesthesia might have to be revised.
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Onoda, H. y R. Sasaki. "Preparation of novel blue phosphate pigments in imitation of turquoise". Cerâmica 65, n.º 376 (diciembre de 2019): 641–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132019653762807.
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Abstract As a novel blue pigment, various hydrated copper aluminum phosphate imitating turquoise, CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8.4H2O, were prepared by mixing copper nitrate solution, aluminum nitrate solution, phosphoric acid, and sodium hydroxide solution. Samples with similar chemical composition with turquoise were prepared. The obtained powders were evaluated with X-ray diffraction, infrared spectra, ultraviolet-visible reflectance spectra, and L*a*b* color space. Further, other related compositions were also investigated. Samples heated at low temperature were light blue powder. By heating at 700 ºC, the color of materials changed to deep green. Samples with high copper ratio indicated lower L* value and small a* and b* values. The low copper ratio was suitable to obtain light blue and deep green phosphate pigments.
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Gallo, Jurex, Josephine Borja, Susan Gallardo, Cris Salim, Pailin Ngaotrakanwiwat y Hirofumi Hinode. "OPTIMIZATION FOR PHOTOCATALYTIC COLOR REMOVAL OF TURQUOISE BLUE DYE C.I. 199 IN IMMOBILIZED AC/TIO2 AND UV - SYSTEM USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY". ASEAN Engineering Journal 1, n.º 1 (16 de enero de 2012): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/aej.v1.15321.
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The aim of the study is to optimize the process parameters in photocatalytic color removal of Turquoise blue dye (TBD) using immobilized Titania-activated carbon (AC/TiO2) and UVsystem. A preliminary study was performed which revealed that 5% is the best AC loading in AC/TiO2. The immobilized AC/TiO2 with 5% AC loading was characterized using BET, SEM, TEM and TGA techniques. The point of zero charge (pHpzc) of the composite catalyst was also determined. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Central composite design (CCD) was applied in optimization. The cummulative effect of operating parameters initial dye concentration, catalyst loading, initial solution pH, UV intensity and recirculating flow rate on the efficiency of immobilized AC/TiO2 for Turquoise blue dye removal were evaluated. A mathematical model was proposed and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the derived model could be used to navigate the design space. The mathematical model is correlated to the experimental value with a correlation coefficient of 0.93. The optimum operating parameters were found to be 15 ppm initial dye concentration, initial dye solution pH of 3.0, 3g/ L catalyst loading, recirculating flow rate at 100 ml/s and UV intensity of 2.5 mW/cm2 . The initial dye concentration has the highest influence in color removal while the recirculating flow rate is found as the least significant factor. These optimum conditions exhibited 90.0 % and 86.4 % color removal for Turquoise blue dye and textile wastewater with TBD stream respectively.
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RUBINA YOUSAF, SAMINA T AZEEMI y ATTYIA RASHID. "TREATMENT OF INSOMNIA BY TURQUOISE COLOUR (495NM) DURING PREGNANCY". Pakistan Postgraduate Medical Journal 24, n.º 3 (1 de junio de 2013): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.51642/ppmj.v24i3.220.
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Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of turquoise color (495 nm) for the treatment of insomnia during pregnancy
Material and Methods: This study was carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Al-Khidmat teaching Mansoorah hospital Lahore affiliated with University College of Medicine and Dentistry, Lahore.60pregnant female patients were included in the study and divided into two groups (mean age 27yrs.). The study population belonged to 20-35 years of age. Parity of the patients ranged from para 0 to para 6.
Results: Group 1 acted as control and was not prescribed any medicine or Chromotherapy while group 2 was started with turquoise colour therapy according to the method described earlier During 1st trimester of pregnancy the mean sleep time was enhanced considerably from 4.5 to 5 hours by applying turquoise light. During 2nd trimester of pregnancy the sleep time was increased from 5 to 5.8 hours. During 3rd trimester of pregnancy, the sleep time was again increased from 4.5 to 5 hours. At the end of the study, Group 1 reported an increase in total sleep time, sleep efficiency, decreased Fatigue and day time drowsiness while increased concentration.
Conclusion: During pregnancy, insomnia is a difficult condition to treat since all the medicines prescribed have side effects on fetus as well as on the mother, so Chromotherapy is suggested as an easy, safe, cost effective and yet an effective method for treating insomnia.
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Faas, Stefanie M. y Martin Baumann. "Light-Based External Human Machine Interface: Color Evaluation for Self-Driving Vehicle and Pedestrian Interaction". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, n.º 1 (noviembre de 2019): 1232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631049.
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In today’s road traffic pedestrians seek eye contact with drivers to move along safely. Such communication is no longer possible with self-driving vehicles. Previous research shows that an external Human-Machine-Interface (eHMI) provides an interface between self-driving vehicles and pedestrians. However, recommendations for standardization are still being developed. The study compares the colors white and turquoise for eHMI lamps indicating that the automated driving system is engaged. The colors are evaluated in a street-crossing scenario and a parking lot scenario with a Wizard-of-Oz vehicle equipped with eHMI lamps mounted on top of the vehicle. We conducted questionnaires and structured interviews with N=59 participants to identify eHMI design guidelines. Our research provides evidence that turquoise facilitates pedestrians’ factors like visibility, discriminability, sense of safety and trust higher than white. The results are consistent among traffic scenarios. This paper contributes in formulating research-based design guidelines to improve pedestrian safety.
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Munyayi, Tozivepi Aaron, Danielle Wingrove Mulder, Engela Helena Conradie y Barend Christiaan Vorster. "Quantitative Galactose Colorimetric Competitive Assay Based on Galactose Dehydrogenase and Plasmonic Gold Nanostars". Biosensors 13, n.º 11 (1 de noviembre de 2023): 965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13110965.
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We describe a competitive colorimetric assay that enables rapid and sensitive detection of galactose and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) via colorimetric readouts and demonstrate its usefulness for monitoring NAD+-driven enzymatic reactions. We present a sensitive plasmonic sensing approach for assessing galactose concentration and the presence of NADH using galactose dehydrogenase-immobilized gold nanostars (AuNS-PVP-GalDH). The AuNS-PVP-GalDH assay remains turquoise blue in the absence of galactose and NADH; however, as galactose and NADH concentrations grow, the reaction well color changes to a characteristic red color in the presence of an alkaline environment and a metal ion catalyst (detection solution). As a result, when galactose is sensed in the presence of H2O2, the colored response of the AuNS-PVP-GalDH assay transforms from turquoise blue to light pink, and then to wine red in a concentration-dependent manner discernible to the human eye. This competitive AuNS-PVP-GalDH assay could be a viable analytical tool for rapid and convenient galactose quantification in resource-limited areas.
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Saxena, Sangita. "PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF COLORS AND COLOR THERAPY". International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 2, n.º 3SE (31 de diciembre de 2014): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v2.i3se.2014.3570.
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The entire fabric of life is made of colors, whether our clothes are yes, home, or car. Everyone is identified with colors. Colors have specific effects on human life and mind. Color is a valuable gift of nature and also the beauty of human life. The redness of the dawn, the blue sky, the gray mountains, the straw, the green plants and the trees, the turquoise sea - everything unique and wonderful. The relationship between man and nature is also unbreakable. Sometimes Basanti yellow, sometimes greenery sawan, sometimes Sitabh and sometimes Tamavruta night. This is also the journey of man's life. Sometimes golden hope and sometimes disappointment. The cloudy sky blurts the mind as well, the rays of the sun rip it off, making everything clear. If there is no color in life, then it will become very dry and dry.
जीवन का समूचा ताना-बाना रंगों से बना है, चाहे हमारे वस्त्र हांे, घर हो, या गाड़ी हो। सबकी पहचान रंगों के साथ है। रंगों का मनुष्य के जीवन और मन पर विशिष्ट प्रभाव होता है। रंग प्रकृति की बहुमूल्य देन है और मानव के जीवन का सौंदर्य भी। उषाकाल की लालिमा, नीलाभ नभ, भूरे पहाड़, तिनकों, पौधों और पेड़ों की हरिताभा, फीरोज़ी समुद्र- सबकुछ विशिष्ट और अद्भुत। मनुष्य और प्रकृति का संबंध भी अटूट है। कभी बसंती पीला तो कभी हरियाला सावन, कभी सिताभ तो कभी तमावृता रात। ऐसे ही मनुष्य की जीवन-यात्रा भी है। कभी सुनहली आशा तो कभी निराशा की कालिमा। मेघाच्छादित आकाश मन को भी धुँधला देता है तो उसे चीरती सूर्य की किरण, सबकुछ स्पष्ट करने वाली। यदि जीवन में रंग न हांे तो बहुत शुष्क और नीरस हो जाए।
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Colomban, Philippe, Xavier Gallet, Gulsu Simsek Franci, Nicolas Fournery y Béatrice Quette. "Non-Invasive Raman Classification Comparison with pXRF of Monochrome and Related Qing Porcelains: Lead-Rich-, Lead-Poor-, and Alkali-Based Glazes". Materials 17, n.º 14 (18 de julio de 2024): 3566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17143566.
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Chinese porcelain with an optically clear colored glaze, imported to Europe from the Kangxi period (1662–1722, Qing Dynasty) onwards was highly collected by the French Elite of the 18th century. The bright colors with a clear, shiny glaze were unlike anything produced in Europe at that time. The colors of enamelled artifacts (on biscuits or already glazed porcelain) can be fully monochrome or consist of associations of large monochromatic areas with or without application of gilding. Non-invasive portable XRF and mobile Raman analyses have previously shown their effectiveness in the characterization of (colored) glassy silicates. In this study, we compare the Raman signatures of twenty-one Chinese artifacts fully—or with major monochrome area (sancai)—decorated with blue, turquoise (or celectian blue), honey-yellow, green, eggplant, and red color. Different types of glazes are identified and confirmed by pXRF: lead-rich, lead-poor-alkali, lead-doped alkali, and alkali-based compositions. However, an unexpected low level of lead is observed in the turquoise glazes, likely to optimize the gloss. Raman spectroscopy appears more reliable to compare the Pb content than pXRF. This work presents Raman spectral signatures of glazes that can potentially be used for non-invasive object classification and counterfeit detection.
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Dorofeeva, A. M. "Approaches to Registration of a Color as a Trademark under Civil Law with Respect to Light Industry Products". Actual Problems of Russian Law 16, n.º 2 (26 de febrero de 2021): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2021.123.2.061-075.
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Difficulties in registering a color as a trademark arise for many reasons. The author questions the existence of a distinguishing ability of a color sufficient for a trademark to perform its function serving as a means of individualization, as well as its functionality and capability to be presented in graphic form. Due to the strongest visual component, it is in the light industry where there is the greatest demand for registration of colors as trademarks. Thus, the light industry is rich in examples of registration, as well as attempts to register, such designations. Most representative examples are the red color of the sole of Christian Louboutin shoes and turquoise color associated with Tiffany & Co. At the same time, in Russia there is no normative basis, judicial practice, or doctrinal studies that would allow us to develop the principles of determining the existence of discernible ability of color or approaches to their establishment. Thus, the paper relies broadly on the legislative and enforcement experience of foreign legal systems that allow us to trace the different logic of compliance of color symbols with trademark criteria, as well as limits for establishing rights to color symbols, which can be useful for adapting best practices in our country.
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Reiche, Ina, Colette Vignaud, Bernard Champagnon, Gérard Panczer, Christian Brouder, Guillaume Morin, Vicente Armando Solé, Laurent Charlet y Michel Menu. "From mastodon ivory to gemstone: The origin of turquoise color in odontolite". American Mineralogist 86, n.º 11-12 (noviembre de 2001): 1519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2001-11-1221.
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Ariful Islam et al.,, Ariful Islam et al ,. "Investigation On Effect Of Shade Percentage On Color Fastness Of Viscose Fabric Dyed With Reactive Dyes (Turquoise Color)". International Journal of Textile and Fashion Technology 9, n.º 5 (2019): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24247/ijtftdoct20192.
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Ariful Islam et al.,, Ariful Islam et al ,. "Investigation On Effect Of Shade Percentage On Color Fastness Of Viscose Fabric Dyed With Reactive Dyes (Turquoise Color)". International Journal of Textile and Fashion Technology 9, n.º 5 (2019): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24247/ijtftoct20192.
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Shieh, Kong-King y Ya-Hsien Ko. "Effects of Display Characteristics and Individual Differences on Preferences of VDT Icon Design". Perceptual and Motor Skills 100, n.º 2 (abril de 2005): 305–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.100.2.305-318.
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This study explored the effects of display characteristics such as target/background color combination, single/simultaneous presentation, and individual differences by sex, and design specialty on preferences of VDT icon design. The results indicated black targets (black-on-white, black-on-yellow) and black backgrounds (red-on-black, yellow-on-black) were the most popular and white targets (white-on-red, white-on-black) and white backgrounds (blue-on-white, red-on-white) were the second most popular. As for the chromatic color combinations, yellow-on-blue was the most favored. Subjects rated color combinations under single presentation higher than those under simultaneous presentation. Women rated purplish targets and rated purplish and blue backgrounds higher than men. Subjects with design background favored black more either as a target or background, but they favored turquoise less than those without design background.
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Nesheva, Larisa, Denka Yanakieva, Petko Petrov, Stela Atanasova-Vladimirova, Nadia Petrova, Rossitsa Vassileva, Ivanina Sergeeva, Zara Cherkezova-Zheleva y Daniela Paneva. "Planerite with aheylite and faustite from the Chala deposit, Spahievo Ore Field". Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society 84, n.º 3 (diciembre de 2023): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.43.
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Planerite, aheylite and faustite are minerals of the turquoise group. They were found in samples from the Chala deposit, Spahievo Ore Field. The samples consist of a small crystalline mass of the investigated mineral phases among quartz. Single spherulites up to 2 mm in size and aggregates of spherulites with a yellowish-greenish color are observed in small cavities. Transparent, colorless wavellite crystals and aggregates are crystallized on spherulites. For the first time in Bulgaria, the presence of aheylite was established.
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Russell, Will G., Sarah Klassen y Katherine Salazar. "LINES OF COMMUNICATION: MIMBRES HACHURE AND CONCEPTS OF COLOR". American Antiquity 83, n.º 1 (17 de octubre de 2017): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2017.52.
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Turquoise has played an important role in the Southwest, both today and in the distant past. Increasingly, archaeologists are coming to appreciate that the mineral was likely valued for its symbolism, rather than its chemical properties or economic worth. Thus, the color blue-green and a variety of blue-green things may have been conceptually analogous, together referencing and petitioning moisture. J. J. Brody recognized that additional symbols, while not themselves blue-green, may have likewise belonged to this blue-green complex. Over a decade ago, and while testing Brody's hypothesis, Stephen Plog convincingly argued that black-on-white hachure in Gallup-Dogoszhi pottery served as a proxy for blue-green. Here, we ask whether Mimbres artists incorporated the same symbolism. Findings suggest that Mimbres hachure was likely representative of color but not necessarily blue-green. In fact, it may have referenced yellow. Yellow and blue are often paired among the Pueblos, and interregional differences in the meaning of hachure may relate to interregional complementarity.
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Cárdenas, J. I. y C. Vargas-Hernandez. "Vibrational and Compositional Analysis Associated with the Color ofGuadua angustifoliaKunth Variety Bicolor (GAKVB)". Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/429314.
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The vibrational modes and compositional behavior of plant material ofGuadua angustifoliaKunth Variety Bicolor (GAKVB) and the characteristics associated with color changes were evaluated by Raman, infrared, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. In the vibrational spectra, the frequencies of 1598, 2099, and 845 cm−1were associated with yellow and blue pigments. These pigments can be found in natural organic dyes of vegetable origin, such as indigo blue (anil or pastel), extracted from Central American shrubs (Indigoferaand indaco) (Domenech, 2010), in some pigments synthesized in solid-state reactions from aluminum oxides, such as CaAl12O19, that have a turquoise color (Costa et al., 2009), and in Indian yellow (MgC19H16O11·5H2O). Using an immersion test, it was shown that the color was stable and that no loss of color occurred when photosynthesis was halted in the sample. The green and yellow stripes are assigned to Fe, N, Mg, and Si compounds. The yellow is due to decrease of Fe, Mg, and elemental Si. Results are obtained using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Raman measurements.
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Duy, Nguyen Ngoc, Dang Van Phu, Nguyen Thi Kim Lan, Nguyen Thanh Duoc, Nguyen Quoc Hien, Bui Nghia Hiep, Bui Ngoc Han y Bui Manh Ha. "Treatment of Real Textile Wastewater Using Electron Beam Irradiation". Acta Chemica Iasi 27, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2019): 303–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/achi-2019-0019.
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Abstract Textile wastewater is known to have a large number of hazardous pollutants, intense color and high chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration. The electron beam method is considered useful in treatment textile wastewater through chemical oxidation process. In this study, three real textile wastewaters (Sample 1: Reactive Black 5, Reactive Red 10, and Reactive Orange 13; Sample 2: Reactive Red 10 and Yellow GR; Sample 3: Reactive Black 5 and Turquoise Blue HF–G) from textile dyeing company in Ho Chi Minh city were treated by electron beam method. The effect of absorbed doses and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at different concentrations on the change of pH, removal capacity, COD and five day’s biological oxygen demand (BOD5) were investigated. The results indicated that color, COD, BOD5 and pH decreased with increasing absorbed dose. A sufficient amount of H2O2 in the radiation process could accelerate the color removal process. In the same condition, a color removal efficiency of ~90% was obtained with EB/H2O2, in contrast with color loss by using EB alone (~71%). These results highlighted the potential of EB radiation technology for treatment of textile dyeing wastewater.
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Kleiner, George. "Spiral Dynamics, System Cycles and New Organizational Models: Pearlescent Enterprises". Russian Management Journal 18, n.º 4 (2020): 471–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu18.2020.401.
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According to C. Graves, D. Beck, and C. Cowan’s Spiral Dynamics theory, the development of a socio-economic system, including an individual, organization, society, occurs discretely by moving from one level to another under the influence of change in the dominant value system. The authors of the Spiral Dynamics theory point to 8 levels, marked with a uniform color — from beige to turquoise. In this article, based on the analysis of trends in enterprises’ organizational models, the list of known organizational forms is supplemented by a new model — “pearlescent organization”. This form of an organization aims to strengthen employees’ emotional attachment due to an increase in the enterprise’s internal diversity, adaptability, and flexibility of the structure. The model of synthesis of the theory of linear change of value systems and cyclical change of four phases of the enterprise’s state is also developed in the article. Each of these stages is characterized by the dominance of the object, project, process, or environmental subsystems of the enterprise. The conditions for the transition from one stage of enterprise development to another, particularly the transformation of the turquoise stage into the pearlescent one, are shown based on this model.
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Volkov, Pavel V., Oleg A. Mitko, Yuliy S. Gubar, Roman V. Davydov y Ivan S. Polovnikov. "Technological Analysis of Turquoise Jewelry (Based on Finds from the Scythian Burial Ground of Ak-Dag I in Tyva)". Archaeology and Ethnography 18, n.º 7 (2019): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2019-18-7-74-86.
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Purpose. The article presents results of studying the elemental composition and manufacturing technology of turquoise jewelry found in barrow 1 of the Ak-Dag I burial ground of the early Scythian time. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to determine the elemental composition of the mineral. The presence and ratio of the number of elements in the table indicates that the items are made of turquoise. The basic elements of the mineral include oxides of copper, phosphorus, aluminum and iron. A relatively large amount of iron oxide gives turquoise minerals a more saturated green color. The composition of the samples under study is extremely rich in zirconium, which allows us to identify the field where the raw material was obtained. Results. A traceological study of the artifacts considered was based on the proven methodology of experimental-traceological analysis. As a result of experimental and technological research, we conclude that the process of manufacturing occurred in three stages. Initially, the formation of the main planes of the workpieces and grinding of the ends took place. At the second stage the artifacts were drilled, the starting points of drilling were located at the narrow ends of the items. The traces of work that are visible on the artifacts indicate the use of easel, high-speed drilling. At the third stage the artifacts were processed with a fine-grained abrasive, as a result of which the final products were given a smoothed shape. Conclusion. In general, the production technology of the artifacts considered can be described as relatively perfect. There were closest analogues of the products from the Ak-Dag I site found in the same region. A similar method of inclined drilling was also used by the Scythians of Altai on their stone products.
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X., BOYARINTSEVA. "SEMANTIC MEANING OF STONES IN THE JEWELRY ART OF THE KAZAKHS: HISTORIOGRAPHICAL OVERVIEW". Preservation and study of the cultural heritage of the Altai Territory 28 (2022): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/2411-1503.2022.28.04.
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The article examines the degree of study of the issue of the use of stones and their sacred-semantic meaning in jewelry by Kazakh masters-zergers. The analysis of research since the 2nd half of the 20th century, which includes articles, monographs, dissertations, is given. Consideration is given to the examples from folk folklore. Special attention is paid to the most commonly used stones: carnelian, turquoise, coral, mother-of-pearl. Their semantic meaning is highlighted, and mineralogical characteristics are also indicated. A number of the reviewed publications are devoted to associations and perception of color in the national culture. The semantics of color is considered as one of the main factors in the choice of stone in the manufacturing of jewelry. Based on the studied material, the main points of semantic features of the use of precious, semi-precious and ornamental stones are highlighted.
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Agnes, Ladya Lieggiana y Riris Loisa. "Representasi Gay Melalui Penggunaan Warna (Analisis Semiotika Video Klip Color Mnek)". Koneksi 2, n.º 2 (9 de mayo de 2019): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/kn.v2i2.3918.
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Video klip merupakan media yang dengan mudah memberi pengaruh atau menyalurkan pesan-pesan ideologis kepada khalayak. Video sering digunakan sebagai alat untuk mengkonstruksi isu-isu salah satunya isu mengenai Lesbian, Gay, Biseksual, dan Transgender (LGBT). Penelitian ini membahas mengenai representasi gay melalui penggunaan warna dalam video klip “Color” MNEK. Penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa teori, diantaranya teori representasi, video klip, warna, gender, budaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif untuk mendapatkan pembahasan yang mendalam mengenai objek yang diteliti, dengan menggunakan analisis Semiotika Jacques Derrida yang merupakan metode pembongkaran suatu pemikiran rasional. Dalam melakukan penelitian ini, penulis melakukan screenshoot pada beberapa scene video klip Color MNEK yang menunjukkan representasi gay lewat penggunaan warna. Dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa warna merepresentasikan kaum gay melalui makna yang sengaja dibangun oleh kaum gay berdasarkan sifat warna tersebut yaitu merah muda terang mewakili seksualitas, merah mewakili kehidupan, orange penyembuhan, kuning keajaiban, hijau alam, turquoise keajaiban, indigo ketenangan dan ungu semangat. Warna-warna tersebut diadopsi oleh kaum gay untuk menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan kaum gay menjadi pelengkap yang menunjukkan adanya keberagaman dalam sosial masyarakat.
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Lyngskor, R. R., Arnab Mandal, Adelene Pyngrope, A. D. Blah y M. K. Choudhury. "Monitoring of water Quality to assess Seasonal Color Changes of Lunar-Lubha River in East Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya (India)". Environment and Ecology 42, n.º 2 (abril de 2024): 498–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.60151/envec/mymq5982.
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The Lunar-Lubha River is a significant river in Meghalaya, India, flowing through the Jaintia Hills and eventually reaching Bangladesh’s Surma valley. During winter, the river undergoes a remarkable transformation, changing its color from turquoise to a vibrant sky-blue hue. This study investigated the reason behind this color change by examining the physicochemical characteristics of the river water during pre-monsoon, post monsoon and winter season of the year 2020 to 2022. Chemical properties of the white-powdery sediment (which acts as light reflecting media) found on the riverbed of the color-changing stretches of the river were also investigated. The analysis revealed the presence of high levels of Iron (Fe) and Alumina (Al) in sediments of the Lunar-Lubha River beds. The water quality in stations located at Lunar River can be designated below-E as per Central Pollution Control Board (Govt. of India) guidelines as the water in those stations is not fit for drinking, bathing, propagation of marine life as well as irrigation or agricultural uses. The blue coloration is more prominent in the deeper sections of the river compared to the shallow stretches. This observation aligns with the argument that shorter wavelengths of light scatter more as the depth increases. The presence of light scattering effect due to variation in water depth and the white-colored sediments at the riverbed could explain the intensified blue color in the river. The apparent blue color of the Lukha River is most likely an illusion induced by the scattering effect rather than the genuine blue color of the water.
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Gallo, Jurex, Josephine Borja, Susan Gallardo, Pailin Ngaotrakanwiwat, Cris Salim y Hirofumi Hinode. "Nanotitania-Activated Carbon with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity: A Comparison Between Suspended and Immobilized Catalyst for Turquoise Blue Removal". ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 11, n.º 2 (11 de febrero de 2012): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ajche.50064.
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The present study aims to synthesize nanoTiO2-AC and evaluate its property and photocatalytic activity using 254nm UV lamp in suspended system and as immobilized catalyst for the color removal of Turquoise blue dye solution. NanoTiO2-AC is synthesized via the sol-gel method and calcined at 400°C. Various ratio (1:10, 2:10 and 3:10) of weight AC / volume of TiO2 sol were investigated. NanoTiO2-AC is immobilized in glass plates using Polyethylene glycol (PEG) as binder. Powder and immobilized catalysts were characterized using BET, SEM-EDX, TGA, FTIR and XRD techniques. The effect of initial dye concentration, initial solution pH, catalyst loading and AC loading were investigated. SEM images confirmed the uniform distribution of nanoTiO2 attached on the surface of AC. Immobilized 1:10 AC/nanoTiO2 has lower surface area compared to powder 1:10 AC/nanoTiO2. Increasing the AC loading in AC/nanoTiO2 increases the dye adsorption in the composite catalyst to as much as 9%. The initial rate of color removal is faster in suspended catalyst compared to immobilized catalyst. In general, suspended catalyst is more efficient than immobilized catalyst. Further, PEG as a binder can be used to immobilize AC/TiO2 in glass with considerable stability.
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Yunita Indinabila. "SEMIOTICS ANALYSIS OF THE INDONESIAN HALAL LOGO (STUDY OF ROLAND BARTHES ANALYSIS OF SEMIOTICS)". Wasilatuna: Jurnal Komunikasi dan Penyiaran Islam 5, n.º 2 (28 de octubre de 2022): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.38073/wasilatuna.v5i2.779.
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The Presence of Law no. 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Assurance mandated by Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Produk Halal (BPJPH) has an impact on changing the halal logo in Indonesia. Now the Indonesian halal logo consists of a logogram and logotype. Using semiotic analysis from Roland Barthes, researchers try to examine the signs, connotations, and myths on the Indonesian halal logo.
The use of kufi calligraphy in logotypes is inseparable from its history, that kufi khat has been used since the time of Rasulullah SAW. Furthermore, in its application, logogram and logotype cannot be separated.
The researcher analyzed the use of white as the background in the logo, representing that BPJPH wants to show a new beginning based on the values of purity, sincerity, simplicity, and independence. The purple color in the logogram and logotype is believed to represent faith, piety, and high imagination. Historically, purple has represented courage. Apart from purple, this logo also has turquoise as its secondary color. Toska is considered to represent wisdom, calm, and stability.
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Vianney, Yoanes Maria, Ivana Rosalyn y Stephanie Angela. "Solar Based Photocatalytic Decolorization of Four Commercial Reactive Dyes Utilizing Bound TiO2-Fe3O4 Nanocomposite". Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 18, n.º 4 (12 de noviembre de 2018): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.27549.
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Dye effluent is one of the most prominent source of water contamination. This study investigated the solar based photocatalytic decolorization of four commercial reactive dyes, which are Reactive Turquoise Blue G 133, Reactive Yellow M4g, Reactive Bordeaux B, and Reactive Red M8b using immobilized TiO2-Fe3O4 on three kind of binders as the support, specifically cyanoacrylate glue, oil-based paint, and white Portland cement on PVC plate. TiO2-Fe3O4 was synthesized using sol-gel method and placed in muffle furnace at 773 K. The composite of TiO2-Fe3O4 was characterized using SEM-EDX and XRD. White cement emerged as the best binder in term of the color removal efficiency of all four dyes compared to other binders, which were more than 90% color removal after 3 h of solar irradiation. Moreover, there was significant enhancement on color removal using immobilized photocatalyst on white cement compared to mobile photocatalyst. The kinetic of the decolorization performance followed the pseudo-first-order reaction. The apparent reaction rate constant was found to decrease along with the increase of the dye concentration. The photodecolorization kinetics fitted the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. These protocols and results can be applied into textile industrial primary wastewater treatment using solar as a sustainable light and energy source.
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KUKHARAVA, K. "GLASS BRACELETS FROM THE TERRITORY OF ANCIENT TUROV: MORPHOLOGY AND PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY". Herald of Polotsk State University. Series A. Humanity sciences, n.º 1 (7 de febrero de 2024): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.52928/2070-1608-2024-69-1-11-17.
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The article is based on the analysis of 715 copies of glass bracelets (materials of P. F. Lysenko research in 1968 and 1992) from the territory of detinets and the roundabout city of ancient Turov. The inner diameter of the bracelets, shape, color scheme and decor are determined. The diameter of most bracelets fits within the limits of 5-6 cm (82.1%), products of a larger diameter – about 7-8 cm – make up 9.1%, specimens of a smaller diameter – about 4-4. 5 cm – 8.2%. With respect to the shape, smooth products of rounded cross-section (56.8%) and twisted (38.2%) predominate, there are significantly fewer instances of sub-triangular cross-section, flat-convex, grooved and twisted. The color scheme is distinguished by the dominance of shades of green, turquoise and brown, blue, purple and yellow products are presented to a lesser extent, in single copies – from red muffled glass. Decor has 13.3% of products, the most common way is to twist the hoop with a yellow opaque thread. A group of products with a specific technological characteristic is identified – the presence of metal wire inside a glass hoop.
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Griber, Yulia A. y Alexey A. Delov. "The effect of color on short-term memory performance". Perspectives of Science and Education 65, n.º 5 (1 de noviembre de 2023): 500–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.32744/pse.2023.5.29.
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Introduction. The relevance of the research topic is justified by new trends in modern education, namely, active introduction of innovative technologies and solutions to expand opportunities and improve the quality of education. In the context of educational improvements, the focus is on searching for advanced techniques that can increase the efficiency of cognitive processing of educational information and facilitate memorization of educational material. The study aims to assess the impact that various conditions of color stimulation have on short-term verbal memory indicators (capacity, memorization efficiency, trajectories and successful learning of vocabulary items). Methods. The study involved 53 participants (15 male and 38 female) aged 18-36 years (average age 20.5 years, SD = 3.59). Short-term memory indicators were measured with the help of ten-word memorization technique and a test for memorizing numerical series. The color stimuli of the experiment included the focal colors of the 27 most popular categories among Russian speakers, the coordinates of which were determined in the CIELAB system. To develop and conduct the experiment, the HTC VIVE PRO Eye virtual reality system was used, which allowed demonstrating the experimental stimuli on the helmet screens and simultaneously record eye movements. Results. Memory span averaged 5.6±1.5 and was higher among the participants who saw dark and red-violet hues and lower among those who looked at swamp green and green stimuli. The highest efficiency coefficients for memorizing words were recorded in cases with black (median = 0.87) and dark purple (median = 0.84) color stimulation. When memorizing numerical series, the maximum coefficient was for saturated hues – red, green and fuchsia (median = 0.86). Successful memorization averaged 7.7±1.8 and reached the maximum (10) in cases with exposure to primary basic colors – black, green and blue, as well as non-primary turquoise and crimson. Cluster data analysis showed that memory indicators are most similar for the stimuli that are comparable in their impact on pupil diameter, blinking frequency and dynamics of gaze direction, namely, for light warm hues; dark hues; rich stimuli from the warm part of the color spectrum; light purple hues; red and gray-green hues. Discussion. As in previous studies, certain indicators of short-term memory were higher under the influence of ‘warm’ stimuli compared to ‘cold’ ones, but the present study did not confirm the advantage of achromatic colors compared to chromatic ones. The experiment revealed that changes in memory parameters correlate not only with the tone of color stimuli but also with their other characteristics, primarily with lightness and saturation. Conclusion. The results of this study can be applied used in educational practice to develop effective ways of improving memory performance and of memorizing information using color. Further research should regard possible gender, age and cross-cultural differences.
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Jamaludin, Wahyudin Bin, Nadia Masytoh y Eka Fitri Susiani. "FORMULASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN GRANUL EFFERVESCENT DARI KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% BUNGA ROSELLA (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) DAN BUNGA TELANG (Clitoria ternatea L.)". Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina (JIIS): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan 8, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36387/jiis.v8i1.1065.
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Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) and telang flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) contain anthocyanins which have antioxidant, so the researchers combined to use as effervescent granules. This study aims to determine the characteristics, and the antioxidant activity of effervescent granule combination of rosella and telang flower extract. Antioxidant activity testing using DPPH. The antioxidant activity of the combined thick extract was obtained 𝐼𝐶 50 7.5 ppm, after that it was made into an effervescent granule preparation in 4 formulas. The resut show that all formulas had a characteristic taste of almost uniform color, dark turquoise. In all test formulas for water content, the results obtained are 1.68%-2.82%, compressibility index 11.641%-16%, angle of repose 31.2º-34.43º, flow time 6.25-6.83 seconds, dissolving time 208 -257 seconds and pH 6.2-6.6. The results of the antioxidant activity of effervescent granules revealed 𝐼𝐶 50 of 62,628 ppm (strong).
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Goga, Firuta, Rares Adrian Bortnic, Alexandra Avram, Mioara Zagrai, Lucian Barbu Tudoran y Raluca Anca Mereu. "The Effect of Ni2+ Ions Substitution on Structural, Morphological, and Optical Properties in CoCr2O4 Matrix as Pigments in Ceramic Glazes". Materials 15, n.º 24 (7 de diciembre de 2022): 8713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15248713.
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The structural, morphological, and optical properties of Ni2+ ions substitution in CoCr2O4 matrix as ceramic pigments were investigated. The thermal decomposition of the dried gel was performed aiming to understand the mass changes during annealing. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies reveal a spinel-type Face–Centered Cubic structure and a secondary Cr2O3 phase when x ≤ 0.75 and a Body–Centered Tetragonal structure when x = 1. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT–IR) indicated two strong absorption bands corresponding to the metal–oxygen stretching from tetrahedral and octahedral sites, characteristic of spinel structure. Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectra exhibited the electronic transitions of the Cr2+ Cr3+ and Ni2+ ions. From the UV–Vis data, the CIE color coordinates, (x, y) of the pigments were evaluated. The morphology was examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) showing the agglomeration behavior of the particles. The stability, coloring properties and potential ceramic applications of studied pigments were tested by their incorporation in matte and glossy tile glazes followed by the application of obtained glazes on ceramic tiles. This study highlights the change in pigment color (from turquoise to a yellowish green) with Ni2+ ions substitution in the CoCr2O4 spinel matrix.
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Nabeel Rizwan, Nabeel Rizwan, Abdullah Ijaz Huassain Abdullah Ijaz Huassain, Syed Makhdoom Hussain Syed Makhdoom Hussain y Muhammad Ansab Zaeem and Shahzad Ali Shahid Chatha Muhammad Ansab Zaeem and Shahzad Ali Shahid Chatha. "Investigation of Low Formaldehyde Easy-Care Textile Finishes on Dyed Cotton Fabric". Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 41, n.º 6 (2019): 975. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000813/jcsp/41.06.2019.
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Crosslinking of cellulose is considered a necessary process in creating anti-wrinkling cotton fabrics. In the recent years, the concern of buyers regarding the wrinkle-resistant fabric has increased the demand of easy-care finishes. Formaldehyde based easy care finishes are carcinogenic but still used in the textile industry. Low formaldehyde reagents are being developed and tested to replace formaldehyde based easy care finishes. In this research the low formaldehyde easy care finishes; Fixapret ECO and Alkaknit WFR were investigated for their effect on color fastness to crocking, tear strength, tensile strength and durable press rating. Findings of the research showed that the there was a subsequent decrease in tensile and tear strength as compared to original fabric with the increase in resin concentration on both type of dyes. From the results we can say that higher the resin concentration, better the washing durability. This is due to the fact that resin decreases the chance of fiber chain displacement. The fabric with navy blue dye displayed much better performance and compatibility with non-formaldehyde resins as compared to turquoise blue dye.
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Many, Gaël, Nicolas Escoffier, Michele Ferrari, Philippe Jacquet, Daniel Odermatt, Gregoire Mariethoz, Pascal Perolo y Marie-Elodie Perga. "Long-Term Spatiotemporal Variability of Whitings in Lake Geneva from Multispectral Remote Sensing and Machine Learning". Remote Sensing 14, n.º 23 (6 de diciembre de 2022): 6175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14236175.
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Whiting events are massive calcite precipitation events turning hardwater lake waters to a milky turquoise color. Herein, we use a multispectral remote sensing approach to describe the spatial and temporal occurrences of whitings in Lake Geneva from 2013 to 2021. Landsat-8, Sentinel-2, and Sentinel-3 sensors are combined to derive the AreaBGR index and identify whitings using appropriate filters. 95% of the detected whitings are located in the northeastern part of the lake and occur in a highly reproducible environmental setting. An extended time series of whitings in the last 60 years is reconstructed from a random forest algorithm and analyzed through a Bayesian decomposition for annual and seasonal trends. The annual number of whiting days between 1958 and 2021 does not follow any particular monotonic trend. The inter-annual changes of whiting occurrences significantly correlate to the Western Mediterranean Oscillation Index. Spring whitings have increased since 2000 and significantly follow the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation index. Future climate change in the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean could induce more variable and earlier whiting events in Lake Geneva.
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Krzywicka, Karolina. "Tradycyjna ceramika uzbecka i tadżycka ze zbiorów Muzeum Azji i Pacyfiku w Warszawie". Art of the Orient 1, n.º 1 (2012): 201–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/aoto201212.
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The Asia and Pacific Museum in Warsaw holds a significant collection of traditional Uzbek and Tajik ceramics representing the main centers of its production: Khorezm, Ferghana Valley, Bukhara and Samarkand. It was amassed by an outstanding Russian ethnologist Grigoriy Derwiz and the museum’s friend, artist and collector Andrzej Strumiłło during the years 1985–1990. The collection numbering nearly 250 objects consists mainly if decorative polychrome and enamel utensils i.e. large bowls badia, pilav plates lagan, bowls kosa and small goblets kosacha. The separate part includes earthenware toys – ocarinas khushtak in the form of fantastic animals, which were created particularly in workshops of famous masters: Hamro Rahimova from Uba in Uzbekistan and Gafur Khalilov from Ura-Tiube in Tajikistan. The dominant part, polychrome and enamel ceramics can be divided into two groups depending mainly on glaze color and style. The most numerous part of the collection is the characteristic, blue and white ceramics created since hundreds of years in famous production centers in Khorezm in central Uzbekistan and in Ferghana Valley in northeastern Uzbekistan and northern Tajikistan. Ceramics from Ferghana and Khorezm are characterized by their color based on shades of blue, turquoise and cobalt on a white background. The common feature for those products are intensive and bright colors which are obtained by a potassium enamel which also gives a specific blue shade. Objects from Khorezm have an orderly composition with symmetrical and rhythmical ornaments. These are the works of an outstanding artists: R. Matchanov from Khanki village near (Uzbekistan), S. Atajanov from Khiva (Uzbekistan) and Y. Sapayev from Kunya Urgench (Turkmenistan). The group of objects with varied ornaments and colors originates from several production centers in Ferghana Valley. They were created among others by Sohibov brothers from Chorku (Tajikistan), Y. Meliyev and B. Mavlanov from Kalibadam (Tajikistan), M. Rahimov from Gurumsay (Uzbekistan) and I. Kamilov from Rishtan (Uzbekistan). The other part of the collection is rather modest and consists of brown, green and yellowish ceramics, which has engraved decoration made of graphite originating from regions of Samarkand, Bukhara and Tashkent. That group is dominated by massive lagan plates from the workshops of Z. Muzafarow from Shahrisabz (Uzbekistan), M. Ablakulov from Urgut (Uzbekistan) and B. Khalilov from Denan (Uzbekistan).
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Latirah, Latirah, Priyanto Dwi Nugroho y Dodi Irwandi. "The Formulation and Analysis of Solid Bath Soap from Ethanol Extract Of Kaffir Lime Peel (Citrus hystrix DC.) With Several Concentrations". SANITAS: Jurnal Teknologi dan Seni Kesehatan 13, n.º 2 (10 de diciembre de 2022): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36525/sanitas.2022.11.
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Solid bath soap is a cosmetic preparation to remove dirt from skin surfaces. Kaffir lime peel is a good natural ingredient for skin health. The aim of this study was to produce cosmetic preparation of solid bath soap from a thick extract kaffir lime peel with several concentrations. The thick extract of kaffir lime peel is made by maceration by dissolving 500 grams of powder with 96 % ethanol as solvent as much as 1,000 mL for 2x24 hours and concentrated using a rotary evaporator at 500 C. the method used in soap making is cold processing. The result of the study was a solid bath soap, smelling of fresh orange, bluish color to turquoise blue depends on the concentration of the active substance of kaffir lime extract, soft texture and homogeneous color, Formula 1 with concentration of kaffir lime peel extract of 1 % has pH 10.0, foam height of 5.0 cm, water content was 1.76% and free fatty acids was 2.51%. Formula 2 with concentration was kaffir lime peel extract of 3 % value pH 10.0, foam height of 5.0 Cm, moisture content of 1.95 % and free fatty acids was 2.51 % while formula 3 with an extract of 5 % has a pH 10.0 foam height was 5.0 cm, water content was 0.73 % and free fatty acid was 2.51 %. Solid bath soap with thick extract off kaffir lime peel meets the requirements of SNI number 3532 of 2016 for pH, and moisture content tests while the free fatty acid test does not meet these requirements of SNI
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Письмак, Юрий. "Viennese vase painted in Dresden (architectural, artistic, stylistic, morphological and structural features)". Arta 30, n.º 1 (agosto de 2021): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/arta.2021.30-1.08.
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The article examines the architectural, artistic, stylistic, morphological and structural features of an old porcelain vase from a private Odessa collection. The unpainted vase was made in 1860s at Vienna Porcelain Manufactory. This vase was painted in Helena Wolfsohn’s studio in Dresden between 1864 and 1878 (?). Helena Wolfsohn lived and worked in a significant center of European civilization, culture and arts of her time. The images are painted on the vase using the technique of manual overglaze painting. Amazingly arranged bouquets of flowers are painted on the turquoise background of the oval-shaped body of the vase, and gallant scenes in the Watteau style are depicted on the white parts of the body. On the bottom of the vase base an underglaze blue mark is applied: a shield. The painting of the vase is notable for a vivid pictorial effect, a successful composition, harmony and restraint of color shades. Similar vases painted at Helena Wolfsohn’s studio were exhibited at the International Exhibition in Sydney (1879) and at the World Exhibition in Melbourne (1880). Decorative porcelain vases play an important role in creating the architectural and artistic ensemble of the interior, whose main compositional principle is architectonics.
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Buletsa, S. B. "Trademark protection in the sphere of fashion and with the help of artificial intelligence". Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, n.º 2 (11 de mayo de 2024): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2024.02.33.
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A registered trademark can offer legal safeguard for a designer's name, brand name, emblem, logo, color or combination of colors, pattern, and so on. Ukrainian designers frequently establish trademarks by registering their names, sometimes accompanied by a graphic picture. Not just the brand name and designer's name, but also other aspects can be registered as a trademark. Regrettably, securing legal protection for a certain color or color combination is a challenging task. It requires providing evidence that a particular color is strongly linked to a specific fashion brand, such as the turquoise shade of a Tiffany box or the crimson hue of a Christian Louboutin sole. Registering a trademark is an effective method for preventing the importation and production of counterfeit goods. Nevertheless, it is impractical to safeguard the complete collection from plagiarism due to the insufficient time available for registering a trademark for a newly updated collection every month (ZARA, HM, OVS). Representatives of the Ukrainian fashion industry prioritize safeguarding their brands over safeguarding intellectual property rights for the models they produce. On one side, this scenario is justifiable, as Ukrainian designers hardly infringe upon the law, unlike worldwide companies. It is recommended to register an industrial design when a designer makes a distinctive model, technology, or print. The future of trademark protection lies in artificial intelligence. The verdict delivered on 8 February 2023 in the MetaBirkin case carries favorable consequences for the fashion industry and trademark proprietors at large. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that in this specific instance, the unauthorized utilization of the trademark was unequivocally acknowledged. Hermes has effectively shown its deliberate plan to enter the intangible assets market prior to the disputed circumstances. Therefore, trademark owners who encounter challenges in presenting proof of premeditated intention to participate in the non-traditional technology market should implement all essential procedures and regulations to safeguard their brand rights in the metanetwork and other domains. Expanding trademark registration to encompass the sale of NFTs and digital goods in general is of utmost importance. Given that the fashion industry and its protection are developing at a rapid pace, the following problems arise in Ukraine in this area related to the protection of intellectual property rights in Ukraine: illegal use, theft or counterfeiting of works, patents, trademarks and other objects intellectual property; length of court cases combined with distrust of mediation; piracy and smuggling. Therefore, certain elements used in each collection, such as the trademark or designer print on the fabric, are legally protected.
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Cao, Weiyu, Nan Shu, Jinli Wen, Yiming Yang, Yanli Wang y Wenpeng Lu. "Widely Targeted Metabolomics Was Used to Reveal the Differences between Non-Volatile Compounds in Different Wines and Their Associations with Sensory Properties". Foods 12, n.º 2 (8 de enero de 2023): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12020290.
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In this study, metabolites from six varieties of wines, including ‘Haasan’ (A1), ‘Zuoshaner’ (A2), ‘Beibinghong’ (A3), ‘Shuanghong’ (A4), ‘Zijingganlu’ (A5), and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ (A6), were identified and quantified using widely targeted metabolomics analysis techniques. Based on the test results, 1172 metabolites were detected and classified into 18 categories. These include 62 amino acids, 178 alkaloids, 189 flavonoids, 106 phenols, 148 terpenoids, etc. Comparing the differential metabolites between the comparison groups of each variety, differences between varieties based on P-values and VIP values were shown. Among these differential metabolites, Trimethoprim and Crotonoside were screened out as core differential metabolites. Multiple comparisons also screened the biomarkers for each species. We used widely targeted metabolomics to reveal the differences between non-volatile compounds in different wines and their associations with sensory properties. We also used the simultaneous weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to correlate metabolites with sensory traits, including color difference values and taste characteristics. Two of the six key modules were screened by WGCNA for relevance to sensory traits (brown module and turquoise module). This study provides a high-throughput method for linking compounds to various sensory characteristics of food, opening up new avenues for explaining differences in different varieties of wine.
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Caucia, Franca, Maurizio Scacchetti, Luigi Marinoni, Mattia Gilio, Antonio Langone, Omar Bartoli, Marco Vanotti y Ivano Foianini. "An Attractive Blue Diopside from Sissone Valley, Western Alps, Italy". Minerals 11, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 2021): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11080837.
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In this work a rare and attractive blue diopside present in Sissone valley in the Western Alps was investigated through different methodologies: geological survey; standard gemological methods; X-Ray Powder Diffraction; SEM observations; Raman spectrometry; EMP analyses of major elements; and LA-ICP-MS analyses for minor and trace elements. The host rock of investigated gems is represented by a Mg-calcite bearing marble, belonging to the Suretta nappe and composed of blue diopside, lizardite, phlogopite, forsterite, Ca-Mg-amphibole, and thomsonite; the rock was metamorphosed by the intrusion of Masino-Bregaglia pluton. The diopside is generally found in the core of veins in contact with green–blue tremolite and, more externally, with green–yellowish lizardite. The diopside samples show opaque diaphaneity, are inert to long and short-waves UV radiation, and their specific density varies between 3.24 and 3.30 g/cm3 while medium refraction between 1.680–1.683. The diopside shows a polycrystalline texture with interstitial Mg-calcite which acts as binder. The characteristic blue–turquoise color is mainly determined by traces of V and subordinately of Fe, Mn, Cr and Ti. The contents of V and Ti show a good positive correlation. The minerals associated with diopside in the lenticular veins also show enrichments in V. The blue diopside of the Sissone valley could certainly present a good commercial value, but unfortunately it is difficult to reach the outcrop sites.
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Monrós, Guillermo, Mario Llusar y José A. Badenes. "High NIR Reflectance and Photocatalytic Ceramic Pigments Based on M-Doped Clinobisvanite BiVO4 (M = Ca, Cr) from Gels". Materials 16, n.º 10 (14 de mayo de 2023): 3722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16103722.
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Clinobisvanite (monoclinic scheelite BiVO4, S.G.I2/b) has garnered interest as a wide-band semiconductor with photocatalyst activity, as a high NIR reflectance material for camouflage and cool pigments and as a photoanode for PEC application from seawater. BiVO4 exists in four polymorphs: orthorhombic, zircon-tetragonal, monoclinic, and scheelite-tetragonal structures. In these crystal structures, V is coordinated by four O atoms in tetrahedral coordination and each Bi is coordinated to eight O atoms from eight different VO4 tetrahedral units. The synthesis and characterization of doped bismuth vanadate with Ca and Cr are studied using gel methods (coprecipitated and citrate metal–organic gels), which are compared with the ceramic route by means of the UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy of diffuse reflectance studies, band gap measurement, photocatalytic activity on Orange II and its relation with the chemical crystallography analyzed by the XRD, SEM-EDX and TEM-SAD techniques. The preparation of bismuth vanadate-based materials doped with calcium or chromium with various functionalities is addressed (a) as pigments for paints and for glazes in the chrome samples, with a color gradation from turquoise to black, depending on whether the synthesis is by the conventional ceramic route or by means of citrate gels, respectively; (b) with high NIR reflectance values that make them suitable as fresh pigments, to refresh the walls or roofs of buildings colored with them; and (c) with photocatalytic activity.
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Barus, Diana Alemin, Andi Riza Jeremia Ginting, Junedi Ginting, Riski Titian Ginting y B. Emia Pepayosa. "Synthesis of Carbon Dots from butterfly pea (Cliptoria ternatea) as detection of the heavy metal ion Cu 2+". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2733, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2024): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2733/1/012005.
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Abstract The synthesis of carbon dots nanomaterials based on butterfly pea (Cliptoria ternatea) with urea doped (N-CDs) has been successfully carried out using the hydrothermal method. The N-CDs material shows a dark brown solution which indicates that the carbon dots have been successfully synthesized. In this study, we analyzed the influence of optical properties before and after adding Cu2+ ions to the sensitivity of N-CD. The characterization of N-CDs was analyzed using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer and Photoluminescence (PL) Spectroscopy, as well as using Fourier Transform Infra-Red. The research results show that the absorption spectrum range is from 200 to 800 nm, with an absorption peak at 206.58 nm and the band gap energy obtained is 4.95 eV. The CD solution produces good fluorescence when observed under ultraviolet light (395 nm) and emits a turquoise green color. Based on the IR spectrum, there is an increase in transmittance in the carbon dots spectrum after the addition of urea and at the wave number 1404 cm−1 there is a C-N group which indicates that the process of doping nitrogen atoms on the carbon dots has been successful. The sensitivity of N-CD when sensing Cu2+ ions with a minimum Limit of Detection (LOD) is as low as 183.33 nm. The N-CD can be applied as a biosensor friendly and environmentally method.
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Yevtushenko, Olena V., Hanna I. Нaponenko y Irina M. Shamara. "Analyzing the Influence of Neuromarketing Components on the Behavior of Consumers of a Tourism Product". Business Inform 11, n.º 538 (2022): 262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2022-11-262-270.
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The purpose of the article is to determine the degree of influence of neuromarketing tools on the consumer of the tourism product. The influence of neuromarketing on the human senses, the so-called internal factors, is analyzed. A human has five main senses: eyes (sight); tongue (taste); ears (hearing); nose (smell) and skin (touch). The most important sense organ for marketers is sight. Most advertising campaigns are aimed at that. In second place in importance is hearing. There are four main types of neuromarketing: aroma marketing, atmosphere marketing, sensory marketing, and sound design. Sensory marketing is the most effective tool for influencing the human subconscious with the help of color and images. The speed at which a person receives information through the unconscious perception is 11 million bits per second, while the productivity of conscious perception is only 40 bits per second. Therefore, the most successful tourism advertising is advertising in the specialized industry publications. It is from there that a person receives the greatest amount of information that he remembers for a long period of time. The color scheme of tourism advertising material is also of great importance. The most effective is the one that uses blue-violet, dark blue, turquoise and intense lemon in its pictures and photos. It is the color that is in the first place among all other components of the presentation of the tourist enterprise. In second place is a detailed description, followed by music. It is important to use a beautiful aroma in the premises of the tourism enterprise. The most advisable are the aromas of fresh herbs, peppermint and grapefruit, sandalwood, geraniums and cinnamon, which should be placed in the hotel rooms, toilet, lobby, elevator and corridor. Smells are directly related to memory: having felt a certain aroma, a person’s brain reproduces everything connected with the stimulus. So, neuromarketing is a very important science, the use of which will allow travel companies, large brands, destinations, hotels, etc. to attract more customers, develop their products depending on their needs and make greater profits by conducting research on consumers of their services.
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Apriani, Ike, Dede Heri Yuli Yanto, Poedji Loekitowati Hariani, Hary Widjajanti y Oktan Dwi Nurhayat. "Potential of White Rot Fungi from Berbak-Sembilang National Park, Indonesia for Decolorization and Detoxification Commercial Direct Dyes". Trends in Sciences 21, n.º 6 (10 de abril de 2024): 7610. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7610.
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Commercial direct dyes are frequently employed in the dyeing of Jumputan, a traditional craft originating from South Sumatra, Indonesia. The introduction of synthetic dyes into the environment can have a detrimental impact on ecosystem stability, necessitating the implementation of remedial measures. There has been a growing interest in the utilization of White Rot Fungi (WRF) as a viable biological agent for the purpose of decolorizing and detoxifying synthetic colors. However, it is imperative to investigate the isolated WRF from Berbak-Sembilang National Park (TNBS) due to the varying capacities of decolorization and detoxification exhibited by each WRF. The study involved 5 WRF from TNBS screened in solid media, and grown in a liquid medium containing commercial direct dyes (direct turquoise, direct orange and direct yellow). WRF grown on liquid medium contains a single dye, mixture dyes and temperature characterization. It measured decolorization, biomass and enzyme activities. Toxicity is measured by the BSLT method. The findings indicated that 3 specific fungi, namely Phellinus noxius (BRB 11), Lentinus sajor-caju (BRB 12) and Leotrametes menziesii (BRB 73), exhibited a significant capacity to remove the color from both individual and mixture of direct dyes through the production of laccase and MnP enzymes. The optimal temperature for decolorization of the mixture of direct dyes was 35 °C for BRB 11 (61.4 %) and BRB 73 (60.7 %), whereas BRB 12 (47.4 %) exhibited optimal temperature at 30 °C. The toxicity assay conducted using A. salina showed a progressive rise in the LC50 value, from 15.37 mgL−1 in the control group to a range of 21.63 - 35.84 mgL−1 in the treated group, indicating a detoxification process. However, the most toxic isolate was BRB 12. This study proposes the potential of 2 isolates, Phellinus noxius (BRB 11) and Leotrametes menziesii BRB 73, from TNBS for degradation of single and mixture dye wastewater in the environment. HIGHLIGHTS The discovery of 3 White Rot Fungi from TNBS (Indonesia) has the ability to remove color and reduce the level of toxicity of commercial direct dyes, both individual and mixture of commercial direct dyes. Uncovering one of White Rot Fungi has not been widely published for decolorization and detoxification commercial direct dyes, namely Leotrametes menziesii (BRB 73). The optimal temperature was 35 °C for decolorization of commercial direct dyes by Phellinus noxius (BRB 11) and Leotrametes menziesii (BRB 73) GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Situmorang, Risanti Febrine Ropita, Kasta Gurning, Vera Estefania Kaban, Mastiur Julianti Butar-Butar y Susi Amenta Beru Perangin-Angin. "Determination of Total Phenolic Content, Analysis of Bioactive Compound Components, and Antioxidant Activity of Ethyl Acetate Seri (Muntingia calabura L.) Leaves from North Sumatera Province, Indonesia". Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, A (29 de enero de 2022): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8362.
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BACKGROUND: Seri (Muntingia calabura L.) leaves are a plant that is often found and have not been used in various treatments even though it is reported to have various groups of bioactive compounds such as phenolic, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and triterpenoids. AIM: This study aimed to determine the total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and identify the content of potential bioactive compounds contained in the ethyl acetate fraction from M. calabura leaves. METHODS: M. calabura L. leaves fraction was carried out by maceration method using ethanol followed by partition starting with n-hexane, chloroform, and finally ethyl acetate as solvent. The ethyl acetate fraction was continued for phytochemical screening for the content of bioactive compounds using standard reagents, determination of total phenol content by colorimetric method, determination of antioxidant activity using the DPPH method, and analysis of bioactive compounds using gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy. RESULTS: The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of M. calabura leaves was positive for phenolic content which was indicated by the formation of a turquoise color after 5% FeCl3 reagent was added (in ethanol), phenolic content was 0.0727 mg GAE/g dry fraction, indicating antioxidant activity (IC50) amounted to 54.437 including strong categories as antioxidants and the results of GC–MS analysis obtained various kinds of compounds and it is suspected that compounds that provide potential as antioxidants are phytol. CONCLUSION: The bioactive compound of ethyl acetate fraction of seri (M. calabura) leaves contained phenolic components and has strong antioxidant activity.
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Vandiver, Pamela B., Sean Arnold y Yeraly Akimbek. "Islamic Twelfth Century C.E. Glazes from Aktobe, Kazakhstan, and Comparison to Modern Practice in Afghanistan and Uzbekistan". MRS Advances 2, n.º 39-40 (2017): 2101–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.299.
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ABSTRACT A preliminary survey of the microstructures and compositions of representative ceramic styles using minimally invasive analytical techniques provides a method of gaining insight into the materials and techniques of ceramic production dating from the eleventh to twelfth centuries C.E. at the archaeological site of Aktobe and from the 14-15th centuries C.E. at Aspara in southeastern Kazakhstan, both walled cities on the Silk Road trading corridor. The case is made for local production based on the argument of technological style or patterning of practices. Seven ceramic sherds representative of glazed earthenware and stoneware traditions were selected for study from excavations of Y. Akimbek and others that are maintained at the Institute of History and Archaeology of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Almaty. Fragments from serving bowls, a cup and bottle were studied by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), electron beam microprobe analysis (EPMA) and refiring tests of the bodies and glazes. This initial study aims to characterize the range of physical and chemical variability of ceramics either produced at or imported into Aktobe and Aspara. Most stylistic studies consider these ceramics to have been imported from the Silk Road trade routes that connected many Central Asian cities. The styles include an imitation lusterware bowl made with a ground chromite underglaze pigment, a copper turquoise and cobalt blue and black painted white slipped alkaline-glazed cup, two green lead-glazed copper bowls, an imitation three-color of Chinese sansai bowl, a four-color lead-glazed bowl with underglaze mottled red, gray and black painted slips on a white slipped background and a stoneware bottle. Comparison of the weight ratios of the glaze compositions to possible plant ash raw material sources is presented as a possible way of studying raw material variability; however, analysis is complicated by having two other possible sources that may have supplied fluxing agents, including, salts present in the clays and salts from evaporite deposits.
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Evensen, Øystein, Ole Bendik Dale y Arve Nilsen. "Immunohistochemical Identification of Renibacterium Salmoninarum by Monoclonal Antibodies in Paraffin-Embedded Tissues of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar L.), using Paired Immunoenzyme and Paired Immunofluorescence Techniques". Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 6, n.º 1 (enero de 1994): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063879400600110.
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Renibacterium salmoninarum was identified in situ by immunoenzymatic and immunofluorescence techniques in paraffin-embedded tissue specimens collected during a natural outbreak of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) and from an experimental infection in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.). Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 4D3 and 2G5 were used in this study, both specific for the 57–58-kD outer membrane protein (p57) of the bacterium. Both MAbs revealed positive staining in ethanol-fixed tissue specimens, but only the epitope identified by MAb 4D3 was formalin resistant. Pretreatment with trypsin did not reestablish the antigenicity for the epitope identified by Mab 2G5. Paired immunoenzymatic staining for identification of the bacterium in sequential incubation steps on ethanol-fixed tissue specimens using an avidin-biotin-peroxidase system was obtained after serial dilution of the Mab (2G5) or the chromagen, amino ethyl carbazole, in the first sequence. Paired immunofluorescence staining with well-balanced color mixing was easily obtained on ethanol-fixed tissue specimens using sequential incubations. Single exposures gave blue (aminomethyl coumarin acetic acid) and green (fluorescein isothiocyanate) fluorescence for MAbs 2G5 and biotinylated 4D3, respectively. Color mixing was revealed as a turquoise staining. Studies on method sensitivity was performed by incorporating a known amount of a protein preparation of p57 into an inert matrix, creating an artificial test substrate. Antigen detection sensitivity based on an immunoenzymatic alkaline phosphatase method and Fast Red as chromagen and evaluated by an image-analysis system creating a relative grey-level score showed an 8-fold higher detection sensitivity on ethanol-fixed as compared with formalin-fixed specimens. Monoclonal antibodies specific for the outer membrane protein of Renibacterium salmoninarum are well suited for use in immunohistochemical techniques for in situ identification of the bacterium in paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. Serial evaluation of paired stained sections with a confirmatory diagnosis of BKD being dependent on both MAbs giving a positive reaction would increase the specificity of the test. Simultaneous identification of the two epitopes of p57 on the same section was dependent on ethanol-fixed tissue specimens.
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Smith, C. E., M. D. McKee y A. Nanci. "Cyclic Induction and Rapid Movement of Sequential Waves of New Smooth-Ended Ameloblast Modulation Bands in Rat Incisors as Visualized By Polychrome Fluorescent Labeling and Gbha-Staining of Maturing Enamel". Advances in Dental Research 1, n.º 2 (diciembre de 1987): 162–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374870010020401.
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The movement of smooth-ended ameloblast modulation bands was studied in continuously erupting Tincisors of male Wistar rats, with fluorochromes such as calcein (green), xylenol orange (red), tetracycline (yellow), and calcein blue (turquoise) used to label maturing enamel intensely at sites delimiting the location of smooth-ended ameloblasts at the time of injection. Hence, a fluorescent label of one color was injected to establish a reference position at time "0" followed by one or more fluorescent labels of different colors, or by in vitro enamel staining with glyoxal bis(2-hydroxyanil)(GBHA), at various times after the initial injection. For example, rats injected with calcein followed by xylenol orange at 10 min or two, four, six, or 12 hr later showed zero, 367, 888, 1259, and 2833 μm incisal movement, respectively, of the red bands relative to companion green fluorescent bands in the mandibular incisors. If one takes into account the eruption rate for these teeth (27.1 μm per hr), these data were indicative of a coordinated, wave-like movement of smooth-ended ameloblast modulation bands incisally along the length of the tooth at a mean rate of 243 μm per hr. Measurements and graphic plots of the distribution of smooth-ended ameloblast bands in histological sections and in GBHA-stained teeth revealed not only that such bands were positioned at all possible locations along the length of the maturation zone within a group of different teeth, but also that the average interband distance equaled about 2100 μm in the apical part of the maturation zone. Hence, new modulation waves appear to arise near the region of post-secretory transition and travel along the ameloblast layer toward the gingival margin about once every 8.5 hours. This suggests that a given cohort of ameloblasts may modulate as frequently as three times a day and complete a minimum of 45 modulation cycles by the end of enamel maturation.
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Grimaldos Ruiz, Pedro. "Photoablative cosmetic iridoplasty: effective, safe, and predictable—eye color change in 1176 eyes". International Ophthalmology 41, n.º 4 (23 de enero de 2021): 1381–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10792-021-01693-5.
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Abstract Purpose To evaluate photoablative cosmetic iridoplasty (PCI), and its efficacy, safety, predictability, and satisfaction with the 532 nm Crystal Q-switched Nd: Yag laser, with 3–4 ns pulses, for depigmentation of the anterior epithelium of the iris in cases of heterochromia, nevus, or cosmetic indications (eye color change). Design Prospective clinical study on efficacy, safety, predictability, and satisfaction. Method The selection of patients was carried out in healthy individuals, over 18 years of age, with iris heterochromia (congenital-7% or acquired, secondary to topical medication-1%, trauma-0.5% or surgery-0.25%), nevus-0.25% and cosmetic cases-91%. Data were collected independently by assistant optometrists and classified in database. Excel statistical program was used to perform a general descriptive study, calculation of correlation factors, and statistical significance analysis between quantitative variables (Student T Test). PCI was performed in 1176 eyes of 588 patients. The procedures were planned in 2–3 phases of 4 consecutive sessions spaced 4–6 months apart. The IRÎZ® (Eyecos®) scanner was used to evaluate the cases, with photography, optical coherence tomography, and pneumotonography modules, along with the following software programs: Predictor®, Simulator® 3D, Analyzer® and Planner® (Eyecos®). Results This study began in 2012, so far 9 years of follow-up, to compare and choose the most suitable among 4 types of lasers to perform cosmetic iridoplasty. Finally, after 5 years, the Crystal Q-switched Nd: Yag at double frequency (532 nm) with 3–4 ns pulses demonstrated the highest efficacy, safety and predictability, so since early 2017 only this equipment has been used. Significant differences were found after 5-year follow-up between 1064, 532, 577 and 532/3–4 ns p = 0.09172, 0.06377 and 0.10183. From 9 January 2017 to 28 February 2020, 1176 eyes have been treated in 588 patients, with a mean age of 33.7 years (SD = 9.68 years, range = 18–70 years). 46.2% were male, and 53.7% were female. The efficacy, as quantified with the Analyzer® comparison software, was nearly 87–95%. There were no significant differences in corrected vision (9 years total follow-up p = 0.78235; last 4 years FU p = 0.99999) and ocular pressure (9 years total FU p = 0.68251; last 4 years FU p = 0.63204) before and after the procedure. The only notable complications (25%) were delayed and brief iritis, which were self-limited with routine topical treatment. The predictability was 80–90%. In the lightest-colored eyes, turquoise blue colors were obtained as a rule, in varying brightness; and in the darkest ones, gray blue tones of varying lightness. The patients’ subjective satisfaction at the end of treatment was 95%. Conclusion After 9 years of uninterrupted follow-up, PCI has demonstrated a high effectiveness to selectively depigment superficial melanin of iris, with a high predictability and patient satisfaction, without remarkable long-term complications. Only for a week, appropriate pre- and postoperative medication was necessary to guarantee the absence of discomfort, thus confirming security. PCI is effective, safe, and predictable for the treatment of pigmentary disorders in the iris and for the elective cosmetic indications in eye color change.