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1
LI, Yuhong. "Identifying the Peri-Urbanized Rural Areas in China: Estimation Based on Firm-level Data of the First and Second National Economic Censuses". Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 04, n.º 03 (septiembre de 2016): 1650023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748116500238.
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Peri-urbanized rural areas are villages in which the non-agricultural population and industries are concentrated to a certain extent but rural administration is still practiced. It is an important factor affecting the quality of China's urbanization. On the basis of clarifying the characteristics and formation mechanism of peri-urbanized areas, the paper develops a method of identifying the peri-urbanized rural areas in China that is, the number of industrial employees in the village is not less than 900 and the grass-roots organization is the village committee. It makes an estimation of the peri-urbanization rate with the firm-level data of the first and second National Economic Censuses, and finds that the distribution of industrial employment at village level in China is “scattered” and “fat tailed”. While most of the industrial enterprises in rural areas are scattered, peri-urbanized rural areas centralize more than half of the industrial employees; China's peri-urbanization level is relatively high with a growing and deepening tendency, and it is closely related to the economic development.
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Hong, Guang Rong y Bi Feng Chen. "Research on New Urbanization in Medium-Sized Cities". Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (septiembre de 2014): 2437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.2437.
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Many problems exist in the urbanization of medium-sized cities, such as, low functional strength, uncoordinated industries, not strong economic support, weak carrying capacity and radiation force, small urban scale, not close contact with big cities and small cities, towns. The aim of new urbanization should be to achieve healthy development of urbanization. Some specific methods and measures are proposed on construction of new urbanization in medium-sized cities, such as, cumulative and circulating development of industry and agriculture, coordinating urban and rural areas, optimizing the allocation of resources by the institutional innovation and the layout of urban system, strengthening public services in urban and rural areas, setting circulating and replacement system of urban and rural land, improving methods of the performance appraisal, constructing new professional towns of characteristic and various types of agricultural industrial parks, which are specifically described with an example of Xiaogan.
3
Chan, Kam Wing y Xueqiang Xu. "Urban Population Growth and Urbanization in China Since 1949: Reconstructing a Baseline". China Quarterly 104 (diciembre de 1985): 583–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000033324.
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China's urbanization patterns and policies since 1949 have been the focus of a good deal of attention. The main elements of this “Chinese Model” have been the massive “rustication” movements, the recruitment of large numbers of city dwellers to work in rural areas, strict controls on rural-urban migration through food rationing and household registration, and the expansion of rural employment through the development of rural industries. While controlling urban population growth has been problematic to most governments of developing countries, it has been widely accepted that China, particularly in the Maoist era, has been successful in this sphere. The “Chinese Model”, therefore, may offer such countries great promise as an alternative approach.
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Xue, Bin Xia y Zhi Qing Zhao. "Study on the Renewal of New Rural Residential Environment in China from the prospect of Functional Complementation of City and Countryside". Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (enero de 2012): 1543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.1543.
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Based on the analysis of the current new rural construction in China and relationship of origin and resource of city and countryside, the tridimensional development of rural residences are proposed to improve the land use efficiency in response to the demand for garden leisure and tourism from city levels in the urbanization process from the prospect of urban and rural complementation and resource optimization. It will thereby convert the industrial structure in the countryside, develop the local eco tourism and relevant service industries and increase the income and employment opportunities of farmers, which can change the quality of rural life and establish the tridimensional development models of new rural residence in China under the mechanism of city and countryside complementation and interaction fundamentally.
5
Zhang, Shaoyao, Xueqian Song, Jiangjun Wan, Ying Liu y Wei Deng. "The Features of Rural Labor Transfer and Cultural Differences: Evidence from China’s Southwest Mountainous Areas". Sustainability 11, n.º 6 (13 de marzo de 2019): 1522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061522.
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Large-scale rural labor transfer is considered an important means of promoting urbanization and poverty alleviation; however, it has been difficult to fully reveal the complexity of mountain labor transfer using traditional theory. In this study, macrostatistics and microsurvey data were employed to conduct an empirical analysis of rural labor transfer in Xichang, highlighting the regional features of rural labor transfer in the southwest mountainous areas of China. The results show that the employment structure of rural labor is dominated by agriculture; however, its proportion is decreasing annually. The development of secondary and tertiary industries significantly contributes to the non-agricultural employment of rural laborers, who transfer mainly to the building, industry, and consumption fields—especially consumption, which has the greatest ability to absorb surplus rural labor. Migration of the population and farmers’ per capita net income promotes rural labor transfer, while the amount of rural labor, the urbanization rate in townships, agricultural development, and the topography have lagged effects on the process. This study argues that rural labor transfer in the mountains has regionality, multi-pattern, and gradient features; therefore, the promotion of rural labor transfer should consider local urbanization and poverty alleviation in such a manner that aligns with the local natural and socioeconomic conditions of the mountainous areas.
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Cao, Shu, Nannan Yu, Yang Wu, Zihe Wang y Jianing Mi. "The Educational Level of Rural Labor, Population Urbanization, and Sustainable Economic Growth in China". Sustainability 12, n.º 12 (15 de junio de 2020): 4860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124860.
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Since the 1978 economic reform, China has undergone a historical process of rapid urbanization. Although this process has been recognized as a key factor in the development of sustainable growth in China, low quality rural labor continues to limit the effectiveness of the country’s urbanization. Our study uses a spatial analysis framework to explore how the education level of rural laborers moderates the effect of urbanization on economic growth with provincial data collected from 1996 to 2015. Our results reveal that the influence of population urbanization on sustainable growth is mediated by the improvement of consumption capacity of urban dwellers and the industrial structural changes. The education level of rural laborers adjusts the urbanization’s influence on the consumption capacity of residents, which further affects economic growth. Empirical evidence indicates that the educationally limited rural population negatively moderates the impact of urbanization on sustainable economic growth by restraining the consumption capacity of migrating rural labor. It is also found that in some provinces with less-qualified rural labor, such as Gansu, Yunnan and Qinghai, population urbanization has not contributed to a corresponding economic growth, indicating that these provinces may have undergone urbanization without growth. These findings suggest that basic education is critical to the growth of income and consumption capacities of rural labor when laborers are migrating to urban areas. To achieve a valid urbanization process and sustainable growth, state and local governments must improve the basic education scheme, especially the nine-year compulsory education in Chinese rural areas through public financial investment and policy support.
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Li, Xingan. "Rural Depopulation in China: A Comparative Perspective". International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences 4, n.º 2 (30 de julio de 2015): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/rimcis.2015.1503.
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<p>Modernization of Chinese society witnessed significant retreat of primary and growth of secondary and tertiary industries. The result of rapid urbanization has been accompanied with rapid rural depopulation, context of which is currently labeled by intertwining of many correlation factors. Rural depopulation can be perceived as a social problem and as a reason or other social problems, affecting sustainable socio-economic development. In turn, rural depopulation and relevant policy-making are also interplaying, making the issue more irreversible.<strong></strong></p>
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Li, Rui y He Bing. "Spacial Development Characteristics of Small Cities and Towns under the Background of Urban-Rural Integration: A Case Study of Jiangyin City". Applied Mechanics and Materials 409-410 (septiembre de 2013): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.64.
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This paper is about the spacial development characteristics of Jiangyin city under the background of urban-rural integration. Through the analysis of urbanization strategies and urban planning in Jiangyin, its spacial development characteristics are concluded, which include the spacial changes of landuse, industries and transportation between 2001 and 2011, and the influence of urbanization strategies and urban planning on spacial changes.
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Dong, Hao, Qian Ru, Quan Fu, Zongwu Li, Yi Zhang, Chao Jiang, Tao Wu y Jiaze Li. "Research on new urbanization in Shaanxi Province under the Rural Revitalization Strategy：Take Hanzhong city as a case". E3S Web of Conferences 185 (2020): 02037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018502037.
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The implementation of the rural revitalization strategy can not only talk about the rural areas, but also combine with the new urbanization to drive the transfer of rural population to cities and towns. Taking Hanzhong city as the research area, taking industrial prosperity and ecological livability as the core, and based on the assessment of Rural Development Problems, the paper makes clear the theoretical logic and key tasks of rural revitalization in Hanzhong city. On the basis of evaluating the index system of Agricultural Ecology and urbanization in Hanzhong city, this paper studies the degree of coupling coordinated development by using the coupled coordinated development degree model. It can be used for reference in the construction of new urbanization in other similar areas of Shaanxi Province.
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Forrest, Joshua B. "Rural Development and Food Security in the 21st Century: A Review and Proposal". Journal of Developing Societies 33, n.º 4 (1 de noviembre de 2017): 448–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x17735239.
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This review of recent research on rural development and food security makes clear that despite global trends favoring urbanization and large farm expansions, the most efficacious ways of generating advances in rural incomes and agronomic productivity are to promote land titling programs, agricultural extension services, a broad distribution of rural-located industrial projects, and sustained engagement with social capital-based rural networks.1
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Yi, Pan, Li Xin y Sheng Yu Guo. "Thinking of Village Construction in Central Region under the Context of Labor Migration". Applied Mechanics and Materials 507 (enero de 2014): 666–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.507.666.
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China’s 30 years’ rapid urbanization process is not a usual one but a particular process promoted in the dual social-economic structure like household registration policy and land system, According to the sixth census, China's floating population has reached 261 million, that is, among every three Chinese city's residents, there is one person belonging to the “Migrant-urbanization” group made up of migrant peasant workers. Large number of rural labor migration, on the one hand, it causes false components in the process of urbanization, on the other hand, it brings a lot of problems to village construction of the central region which is considered as population exporter. It also somehow gradually formed the result of the "amphibious" population who was not engaged in agricultural production, localization tendency of rural industries, sidelined agriculture, and the disordered development of towns and villages. This paper is based on the background that regional labor movement from backward areas to developed coastal areas.Furthermore, this paper analyzes both the positive effects and the negative impact of labor migration which brought about to the construction of the central region village in China. Finally, this paper proposed three strategies about construction of the central region village in China with the aim to contribute to the much better sustainable development of rural villages and improve the co-development of both the rural and urban areas, first, how to arrange the surplus rural laborers; how to make rural land use more economically and intensively; and how to balance the development of urban and rural areas.
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Strømmen-Bakhtiar, Abbas, Evgueni Vinogradov, Marit Kristin Kvarum y Kristian Rydland Antonsen. "Airbnb Contribution to Rural Development". International Journal of Innovation in the Digital Economy 11, n.º 2 (abril de 2020): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijide.2020040103.
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The technological developments described in terms of industrial revolutions or disruptive innovations have been shaping economic and social life in rural areas. The global trend towards urbanization presents a major challenge to rural communities. The aim of this article is to study how the peer-to-peer economy influences rural municipalities. On the one hand, in the literature, it is argued that sharing economy may improve accessibility, encourage mobility, attract investments and reduce urban bias. On the other hand, both academics and practitioners are aware of the disruptive effects of sharing economy on e.g., local real estate and labor markets. This qualitative study is based on empirical data from a municipality on the Lofoten Islands of Norway. The results demonstrate that Airbnb has some positive and some negative effects on rural development, but the magnitudes of these effects are modest. Of positive effects, the authors can mention increased local tourism, stimulation of conservation/restoration of traditional houses, and increased recreational mobility for rural residents.
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Liu, Hai Long, Pei Ji Shi, Li Chen y Hai Meng Liu. "Evaluation of the Urbanization Quality and Analysis of Improving Countermeasures of the Shi Yang River Basin". Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (febrero de 2013): 2581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.2581.
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This paper constructed the urbanization quality assessment system about the quality of urbanization from four aspects on the basis of summarizing the domestic and foreign, the economy, the people's livelihood, urban and rural integration and sustainable development, and evaluated the urbanization quality of six districts (counties) of Shi Yang River Basin in 2001—2010 using the entropy value method. Evaluation results showed that, the urbanization quality of Shi Yang River Basin was rising and the space distribution differences are significant. Economic competition degree, people happiness degree, urban and rural integrated degree and sustainable development degree together decided the urbanization quality of the Shi Yang River Basin. But the contribution function varied and there was not the corresponding relation with each other. It should improve the urbanization quality and promote the healthy and rapid urbanization pushing in the construction of urbanization of the s Shi Yang River Basin from the characteristic industrial development, the livelihood of the people project construction, the coordination of urban and rural development and urban ecological environment construction.
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YU, Fawen. "Study on Rural Eco-Governance in the Context of New-Type Urbanization". Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 06, n.º 02 (junio de 2018): 1850014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748118500148.
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During the process of new-type urbanization, industrial enterprises, as they move to the vast rural areas, have also brought pollution there. Rural eco-governance tackles not only the damage to natural resources and environment, industrial pollution, agricultural non-point source pollution and pollution caused by poultry and livestock raising, but also the aggravation of rural living environment. At present, governments at all levels usually focus solely on urban environment building and eco-governance in rural areas, as a result, is rarely aware of, insufficient in capital input, weak in technical and institutional support. To improve rural eco-governance substantially, governments at all levels should attach equal importance to rural and new urban ecological development and take effective measures in the following aspects: (1) improving top-level design and reinforce the leading position of the green development concept; (2) increasing capital input and improve rural eco-governance facilities; (3) making technological innovations and integration to support rural eco-governance; and (4) creating new governance mechanisms to enhance rural eco-governance.
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Sharov, Sergey Yu. "Resources for rural settlement development in modern Russia". POPULATION 23, n.º 3 (2020): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2020.23.3.10.
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In the 21st century, rural population in Russia as a whole continues to decline. However, different levels of urbanization and different rates of its change across regions indicate the heterogeneity of processes and the influence of many factors. The main trends are completion of the withering away of the traditional rural lifestyle, mixing urban and rural lifestyles in the suburbs with predominance of the former (summer cottages, cottages), gravitation of rural economic activity towards the zones of influence of agglomerations, development of an economic base not related to agriculture: seasonal work, tourism and recreation, traditional crafts, remote work, creative projects. Technological progress, development of means of online dissemination of technologies and know-how, withdrawal of industrial production from large cities and their miniaturization allow us to discuss the prospects for development of industries in rural areas that satisfy a significant part of the local demand for consumer goods and the need for certain types of equipment. The course towards a reasonable regional economic autonomy will allow increasing the proportion of local agricultural products in the regional diet, which also requires development of cooperation of small agricultural producers and diversification of sales channels. To ensure competitiveness of rural areas as a habitat in relation to cities, it is necessary to ensure connectivity of those areas with central localities and provision of modern infrastructure, amenities, access to education, healthcare and high culture. This can be facilitated by modern solutions that are currently at varying degrees of implementation in different countries of the world (such as distance forms of education, healthcare, exhibitions, performances; crowdfunding projects) and by the solutions from the recent past that have not found sufficient implementation (for example, local aviation, regional tours of artists and performers).
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Peng, Li-Pei y Wei-Ming Wang. "Hybrid Decision-Making Evaluation for Future Scenarios of Cultural Ecosystem Services". Land 9, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 2020): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9080257.
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In the face of rapid urbanization and globalization, the continual loss of rural landscapes is occurring globally because of declining rural industries, abandoned farmlands and aging local populations. These problems highlight the versatility and diverse values of cultural ecosystem services (CES) to provide feasible responses for rural landscapes. To utilize CES and ensure the sustainability of rural landscapes in Taiwan, this study combined multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and a development evaluation structure that can effectively address interdependent factors for practical application. This study presents the importance of different evaluation compositions with clear weights. The results indicated that the “global technotopia” scenario is the highest priority, followed by the “Satoyama–Satoumi renaissance” scenario, and the other two.
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LI, JING, TSUN SE CHEONG, JIANFA SHEN y DAHAI FU. "URBANIZATION AND RURAL–URBAN CONSUMPTION DISPARITY: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA". Singapore Economic Review 64, n.º 04 (septiembre de 2019): 983–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590817450102.
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The objective of this paper is to investigate the impacts of urbanization on influencing the rural–urban consumption disparity in China, a research gap which has not been bridged so far. Adopting a provincial dataset from 1997 to 2014, a generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator is employed to reveal the impact of urbanization on the ratio of per capita consumption expenditure of the urban households to the rural households, along with other socioeconomic variables. Empirical results show salient relationship between increasing urbanization ratio and declining rural–urban inequality. Significant impact of education costs on increasing the rural–urban inequality is also observed. Other factors that increase the disparity include foreign investment and gross regional product (GRP) indices. Industrial structure, costs of housing and health care are insignificant factors. The results of this study help in understanding China’s new urbanization development strategy in a better way.
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Zagurskiy, A. "State regulation of rural development in the context of the implementation of regional development programs". Agrarian Bulletin of the 210, n.º 07 (21 de septiembre de 2021): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2021-210-07-87-92.
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Abstract. The goal. The research is aimed at studying the role of rural areas from the perspective of the implementation of regional development programs in the process of state regulation. Methods. In the course of the study, methods of observation, abstraction, analysis and synthesis were used. The conceptual foundations of state regulation of rural development through the implementation of state programs in the period of a sustainable process of urbanization, in the conditions of a post-industrial (information) society are described. Results and practical significance. In the study presented by the author, from the position of state regulation carried out by implementing the relevant tasks of state development programs, a scientific assessment of the modern role of rural territories in the socio-economic and spatial development of Russia is given. The author's position on the issue of the conceptual foundations of the processes of rural development in relation to the current development programs is given. The importance of infrastructural support of connections between rural territories and agglomerations to reduce the «economic distance» between them is reflected. The scientific novelty of the study. The results of the study of the role of rural territories from the perspective of state regulation processes are presented. An updated idea of the position of rural territories at the present stage of socio-economic and spatial development of the regions of Russia is given.
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Cong, Li, Yujun Zhang, Ching-Hui (Joan) Su, Ming-Hsiang Chen y Jinnan Wang. "Understanding Tourists’ Willingness-to-Pay for Rural Landscape Improvement and Preference Heterogeneity". Sustainability 11, n.º 24 (7 de diciembre de 2019): 7001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247001.
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With the vigorous development of urbanization and rural tourism, the landscape of villages and towns has undergone tremendous changes under the influence of policies and industries. In order to avoid irreversible changes in the local heritage landscape and promote local sustainable development, it is necessary to strengthen the attention and research on the rural recreation landscape. This research examines the value of rural landscape recreation by applying the choice experiment method (CEM) to a suburban area in Sichuan, China. Mixed logit models were adopted in examining tourists’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) for rural landscape improvement and preference heterogeneity. An assessment of the rural landscape’s recreational value was made using the compensating surplus calculation method. Results reported are of four important landscape elements: ecological environment, rural life and associated productive landscape, rural housing, and service landscape, ranked by tourists from high-to-low. A major finding of the research is that an increase in rural tourism is dependent upon improvements to landscape elements. The results of this research can provide policymakers with valuable information necessary to develop a successful plan to attract and increase tourism in rural areas of China.
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Wang, F. y J.-M. Guldmann. "A Spatial Equilibrium Model for Region Size, Urbanization Ratio, and Rural Structure". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 29, n.º 5 (mayo de 1997): 929–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a290929.
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Earlier economic models of city size have either focused on urban agglomeration effects while ignoring the spatial structure of the rural hinterland, or made unrealistic assumptions (for example, uniform rural population distribution) so as to simplify the problem. Following the classic von Thünen framework, we present a two-sector spatial equilibrium model of a city located at the center of an agricultural hinterland. The city produces industrial goods, and the rural area produces agricultural goods. Both goods are consumed both by urban and by rural residents. Market equilibrium for these goods determines: (1) the spatial size of the region, (2) the urbanization ratio (urban to total population) and the population size of the city, and (3) the rural spatial structure (wage, population distribution, land rent, and agricultural yield). Given various sets of exogenous parameters pertaining to the industrial, agricultural, and transportation production functions and to population preferences, the model is solved numerically, and response functions are estimated and analyzed.
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Mori, Tomoya. "Evolution of the Size and Industrial Structure of Cities in Japan between 1980 and 2010: Constant Churning and Persistent Regularity". Asian Development Review 34, n.º 2 (agosto de 2017): 86–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00096.
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This paper investigates the evolution of the Japanese economy between 1980 and 2010 with regard to the population and industrial structure of cities. With the rural-to-urban transformation settling by the 1970s, Japan experienced the second stage of urbanization through the integration of nearby cities. This led, on average, to a disproportionately high population growth rate of 24% for a set of core cities during the review period. At the same time, cities experienced substantial changes to their industrial composition: on average, 35% of the manufacturing industries (at the 3-digit level) present in a city in 1980 had left by 2010, while 30% of manufacturing industries located in a city in 2010 had not been present in the same city in 1980. Remarkably, this substantial relocation of populations and industries among cities took place while a simple yet rigid relationship between the size and industrial composition of cities was preserved, characterized by the roughly constant elasticity between the number and average size of cities in which an industry was present. This paper discusses the policy implications of this persistent regularity and the possible underlying mechanisms.
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Stoyanets, Nataliya, Hejun Zhao y Guohou Li. "Modernization of vocational education in the context of rural human resources development in China". Agricultural and Resource Economics: International Scientific E-Journal 6, n.º 1 (20 de marzo de 2020): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.51599/are.2020.06.01.06.
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Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the experience of the development of rural vocational education since the reform and opening up, analyze and summarize the rapid development of rural vocational education in China in the context of rural human resources development.
Methodology / approach. The methods adopted in this research are mainly literature research and thematic research. Through thematic research on vocational education-related fields since the reform and opening up, and analysis, research, and induction of policies, data, phenomena, and conclusions in various vocational education literatures, it forms an objective summary of the development of rural vocational education in China since the reform and opening up.
Results. Reform and opening up is the most critical period for the rapid development of various industries in China, including vocational education. This paper studies the overall situation of the development of vocational education in China since the reform and opening up, the relationship between the development of rural vocational education and policy support at the national level is concluded, it demonstrates that rural vocational education is an important cornerstone of national construction and development, and the focus and characteristic of rural vocational education is to condense the Chinese experience of school-running characteristics, it also summarizes the main problems of rural vocational education in China.
Originality / scientific novelty. A multi-dimensional analysis of the development of China’s rural vocational education in the 42 years of reform and opening up has been made, and conclusions have been drawn for the development of rural vocational education with Chinese characteristics.
Practical value / implications. This paper analyzes the key factors for the success of rural vocational education in China through the study of China’s practice in the field of rural vocational education since the reform and opening up, it has certain reference significance for the future policy formulation and development of rural vocational education, promotes the development of rural human resources and increases the rate of urbanization.
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Sheykhi, Dr Mohammad Taghi. "SOCIO- AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF RURAL - URBAN BALANCE IN IRAN". JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE 7, n.º 4 (19 de noviembre de 2017): 1171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jaa.v7i4.6424.
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The article assesses how socio-agricultural development will sustain as a result of a balanced scale of rural-urban equality. However, increasing migration from rural to urban areas highly affects productivity and the infrastructure of the productivity in urban sectors. The process of modernization is highly responsible for the change, and a motivator for rural-urban migration not only in Iran, but in China, India and many other developing countries. The emerging scenario is contributing to increasing issues. The article concludes that rural and urban, or so to say, agriculture and industry benefit each other. The paper reaches the point that rural-urban balance optimistically leads to socio-economic development and sustainable growth. On the other hand, increasing and unbridled urbanization leads to declining raw materials needed for industrial development and urban productivity. The article reflects the merits, demerits and the challenges of the current transformation.
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ZHANG, TONGJIN, YUAN ZHANG, GUANGHUA WAN y HAITAO WU. "POVERTY REDUCTION IN CHINA AND INDIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY". Singapore Economic Review 65, supp01 (28 de mayo de 2020): 95–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590820440026.
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This paper attempts to explain why China performed better than India in reducing poverty. As two of the most populous countries in the world, China and India have both experienced fast economic growth and high inequality in the past four decades. Conversely, China adopted a more export-oriented development strategy, resulting in faster industrialization or urbanization and deeper globalization, than India. Consequently, to conduct the comparative study, we first decompose poverty changes into a growth and an inequality components, assessing the relative importance of growth versus distributional changes on poverty in China and India. Then, Chinese data are used to estimate the impacts of industrialization, urbanization and globalization on poverty reduction in rural China. The major conclusion of this comparative study is that developing countries must prioritize employment generation in secondary and tertiary industries through industrialization and globalization in order to absorb surplus agricultural labor, helping reduce poverty in the rural areas.
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Liu, Xiahui. "Structural changes and economic growth in China over the past 40 years of reform and opening-up". China Political Economy 3, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2020): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpe-05-2020-0010.
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PurposeDuring the process of reform and opening-up, the structural transformations of the Chinese economy have two significant leaps forward and demonstrate a process of “rural area–industrialization (urban industry and rural industry)–urbanization” development powered by the main engine of economic growth.Design/methodology/approachThese two leaps forward resulted in transitions of economic structure in China. In the author’s view, structural transformations are closely related to China's economic reforms and can be divided into clear phases.FindingsThe structural transformations have two significant leaps forward and demonstrate a process of “rural area–industry (urban industry and rural industry)–urban area development” powered by the main engine of economic growth.Originality/valueThis paper reviews and summarizes the development and structural transformations in China’s economy over the last 40 years. The author believes that China’s economic miracle is accompanied by dramatic changes in its economic structure, which is particularly characterized by the ongoing process of transition from a traditional agricultural economy into a country with high industrial output, from industrialization into urbanization and from a planned economy into a market economy.
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Zhang, Yanli. "Dynamic Mechanism of Population Transfer and its Effect on Food Industries Credit Systems". Acta Universitatis Cibiniensis. Series E: Food Technology 20, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2016): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aucft-2016-0019.
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Abstract Population transfer is a complicated social phenomenon which concerns the development of national welfare and people's livelihood and the credit system of the food production and processing industry. This study investigated the dynamic mechanism of population transfer and its effect on the food processing industry, applying theories like urbanization theory, regional imbalanced development theory, regional balanced development theory, comprehensive and coordinated development of urban and rural areas theory. Based on the practical situation of Henan province, the study offered some countermeasure suggestions for the existing problems in the credit systems of the food industry in Henan and discussed how to establish appropriate credit systems, thus to help food security and sustainable development of Henan.
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Cai, Ling, Yi Deng y Xing Jiang. "The Modern Evolution and Protection Development Strategies of the National Rural Settlement: The Dong Ethnic Group as Case Study". Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (octubre de 2011): 3311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.3311.
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The Dong rural settlement is an important carrier and manifestation of the national culture. Rapid urbanization has changed the basis for the existence and development of rural settlement in all aspects. This paper summarizes and analyzes the underlying causes of the common trends in space alienation, hollowization, and modernization in the evolution of the Dong rural settlement based on the analysis of several typical cases. From traditional micro-level focus on entity and space to expanded meso- and macro-level focus, this paper builds a three-in-one strategic framework and describes specific strategies for industrial restructuring, social transformation, and space reconstruction geared toward the protection and development of the rural settlement.
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Jiang, Liang, Jing Luo, Chunyan Zhang, Lingling Tian, Qingqing Liu, Guolei Chen y Ye Tian. "Study on the Level and Type Identification of Rural Development in Wuhan City’s New Urban Districts". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, n.º 3 (13 de marzo de 2020): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9030172.
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A quantitative analysis of rural development is required to comprehend the spatial differentiation of a rural area and promote rural sustainable development under the pressure of urbanization and industrialization, especially areas with dramatic changes in rural socioeconomic development of China and other developing countries. Taking Wuhan as the case study, this paper developed an index system including rural settlement, land, industry and human settlement environment for evaluating the level of rural development. Then, using the exploratory spatial data analysis, the principal component analysis and the cluster analysis, this paper analyzes the spatial differentiation and correlation and categorizes the types of rural development. The results are as follows. (1) The spatial differentiation of the level of rural development in Wuhan City’s new urban districts is obvious and the areas with a high level of rural development are mainly distributed at the intersection of the new and central urban areas and gradually decrease outward. (2) There is a significant spatial agglomeration of the developed rural areas and the structure of the spatial change in these areas resembles a certain continuity, specifically a circle of “central heat surrounding cold”. (3) Rural development in the new urban areas can be divided into the following five types: the ecological leisure type, the traditional farming type, the balanced development type, the industrial-and-agricultural mixed type and the industrial promotion type. The corresponding development path is proposed in combination with different types of rural development to provide a theoretical basis and decision-making reference for rural revitalization.
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Dai, Wensheng. "Planning Rural Greenway : Resource Evaluation and Network Analysis". Open House International 42, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2017): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2017-b0020.
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With the urbanization development in China, natural ecological environment and ecological environments in rural areas have been affected. Therefore, the characteristics and classification of rural greenway were analyzed on the basis of eco economic model theory, the resources of ecological, cultural, recreational and industrial greenway planning were evaluated, and the structure characteristics of rural greenway network are analyzed. A mathematical model of space superposition analysis is constructed. Taking SunYea town of Feixian county in Shandong as the object, starting from the green road network space, greenway system, service facilities, transfer system and identification system and other aspects, the construction of the rural greenway was carefully planned. Practice has proved that rural greenway planning research has improved the scientific nature of the allocation of resources, and has a certain exemplary role for the construction of rural greenway network in similar areas.
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Sandhu, Ranvinder S. "Urban Development and Urbanisation in the Two Frontier Regions of India". Sociological Bulletin 67, n.º 1 (19 de marzo de 2018): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038022917751995.
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Manoj Kumar Teotia, Urban Development in North-Western India: Emerging Trends, Concerns and Stratgies. Chandigarh: Centre for Research in Rural and Industrial Development, 2016, xxii + 372 pp., ₹700 (hardback). ISBN 978-81-85835-80-2. Pranjal Sarma (Ed.), Urbanization and Industrial Development. Guwahati: EBH Publishers (India), 2016, xx + 238 pp., ₹925 (hardback). ISBN 978-93-83252-88-6.
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Machline, Elise y Moshe Schwartz. "Demographic Decline in a Rural Periphery". International Journal of Rural Management 13, n.º 2 (octubre de 2017): 115–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973005217721007.
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As early as the industrial revolution, rural depopulation occurred in all Western countries due to the attraction of cities and declining agricultural employment. In Israel, that decline accelerated after the mid-1980s of the last century. However, the proportion of rural households in Israel has declined less than in France, which this study uses for comparison. The small size of Israel has allowed young families to inhabit the countryside while working in nearby cities. Such rural urbanization has not happened in Israel’s periphery, such as the Eshkol region (western Negev), where bad public transportation makes it harder to commute to Beer Sheva or Tel Aviv. Nowadays, low birth rate, ageing population and progressive depopulation characterize the Eshkol region. This study looks at the authorities’ coping with the ‘rural exodus’ comparing it to that of French authorities in the Limousin peripheral region.
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Wang, Qingbin y Yang Zou. "China’s Equine Industries in a Transitional Economy: Development, Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities". Sustainability 12, n.º 12 (24 de junio de 2020): 5135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125135.
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China had the most horses in the world from 1961 to 2004 but, since the market-oriented economic transition started in the late 1970s, its horse population has declined significantly and steadily, from 11.50 million in 1978 to only 3.47 million in 2018. While there are minimal studies on China’s equine industries in the literature, this paper reviews the development of China’s equine industries since 1949, identifies major factors contributing to the steady decline in its horse population since 1978, and discusses the challenges and opportunities for the development of China’s equine industries. Empirical results suggest that the changes in China’s horse population since 1949 have been closely associated with its agricultural and rural development and policies, and the key factors contributing to the declining horse population since 1978 include agricultural mechanization, a steady decrease of the agricultural sector’s share in the GDP, urbanization, improvement in rural transportation with more motor vehicles, and decreased land availability for and the lack of economic returns from horses. Together, such factors may continue to reduce China’s horse population, but, on the other hand, the rapid development in the tourism, recreation, and sport sectors may provide potential growth opportunities. Moreover, China’s horse population is likely to be more concentrated in Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Tibet, and the western Sichuan province, which have relatively low population density and high proportion of ethnic population with the tradition of horses in their cultural, religious, sport, and economic activities. At the same time, equestrian events and activities are expected to continue to increase at significant rates in and around large Chinese cities.
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Güreşci, Ertuğrul. "The Positive Impact of Rural Migration". European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 1, n.º 1 (1 de mayo de 2014): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v1i1.p166-168.
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Rural migration, which has commenced in Europe in the late 1700s, can be defined as the social movement that has occurred in parallel with the Industrial Revolution. The urbanization of the population in rural areas arising from various economic and social causes is also accepted as a result of economic and social changes and developments. It is also a known fact the cited developments and changes have been considered to be a problem for the country and various measures have been taken with an eye to solve the foregoing issue. Basing on such an approach, it is concluded that rural migration has consistently a negative impact. However, it should also be considered that it is necessary to evaluate rural migration as an expected consequence of the economic development process of a country and the necessity of turning this situation into opportunity must also be considered. This study, which has been conducted through basing on this point, aims to bring to the forefront the fact that rural migration, as well as being a problem, also creates some positive results. It is expected also that the aim for bringing this fact to the forefront is expected to be helpful in revealing the requirement that migration from rural areas should also be discussed with the positive aspects thereof.
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Pham Thi, Nhung, Martin Kappas y Heiko Faust. "Improving the Socioeconomic Status of Rural Women Associated with Agricultural Land Acquisition: A Case Study in Huong Thuy Town, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam". Land 8, n.º 10 (14 de octubre de 2019): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8100151.
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Since the 2000s, agricultural land acquisition (ALA) for urbanization and industrialization has been quickly implemented in Vietnam, which has led to a huge socioeconomic transformation in rural areas. This paper applies the sustainable livelihoods framework to analyze how ALA has impacted the socioeconomic status (SES) of rural women whose agricultural land was acquired. To get primary data, we surveyed 150 affected households, conducted three group discussions and interviewed nine key informants. The research findings reveal that ALA, when applied toward urbanization, has significantly improved the occupational status of rural women by creating non-farm job opportunities that have improved their income, socioeconomic knowledge and working skills. While their SES has been noticeably enhanced, these positive impacts are still limited in cases where ALA is applied toward industrial and energy development, since these purposes do not create many new jobs. Moreover, the unclear responsibility of stakeholders and inadequate livelihood rehabilitation programs of ALA projects have obstructed the opportunities of rural women. To improve the SES of rural women, we recommend that ALA policy initiate a flexible livelihoods support plan based on the purpose of ALA and the concrete responsibilities of stakeholders and investors.
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Tang, Daizhong, Baorui Li, Yuan Qiu y Linlin Zhao. "Research on Urban and Rural Coordination Development and Its Driving Force Based on the Space-time Evolvement Taking Guangdong Province as an Example". Land 9, n.º 8 (30 de julio de 2020): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9080253.
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Based on the background of the change in the urban–rural relationship in Guangdong Province, this paper constructs an analysis framework of urban and rural coordination development. Using the data of 19 administrative units above prefecture level in Guangdong Province, this paper studies the space–time evolution of urban and rural coordination development during 2000–2015 through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) and explores the influencing factors and driving forces behind it. It is found that there is club convergence in the urban and rural coordination development in Guangdong Province. This kind of convergence is reflected in the findings that the east bank of the Pearl River estuary is the best area for the urban and rural coordination development where Guangzhou, Dongguan, Shenzhen is the core and the level of urban and rural coordination development in the east, west and north of Guangdong Province is relatively low, which also reflects a geographical polarization feature. Based on the analysis of the factors that promote the urban and rural coordination development in the main years of 2000–2015, it can be concluded that location, economic development and urbanization level are the most important driving forces, followed by industrial structure. This research can be used as a decision-making reference for urban and rural coordination development and new countryside construction in China in the New Era.
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Ding, Chaoxun y Ruidan Zhang. "The Measurement and Influencing Factors of Total Factor Productivity in the Chinese Rural Distribution Industry". Sustainability 13, n.º 15 (31 de julio de 2021): 8581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158581.
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Total factor productivity (TFP) is critical to the sustainable development of the rural distribution industry. Improvements in productivity of the rural distribution industry can promote the high-quality development of the Chinese distribution industry. Studying the characteristics and influencing factors of total factor productivity in regard to the rural distribution industry in China is significant for promoting the transformation and development of the rural distribution industry. This paper uses the DEA–Malmquist Index to measure the total factor productivity (TFP) of the Chinese rural distribution industry and its decomposition index, and uses a panel data model to empirically study its influencing factors. The results show that, from 2008 to 2018, the TFP of the Chinese rural distribution industry showed a trend of rising first and then fluctuating and declining, with an average annual growth rate of 2.93%; the fluctuation direction of the TFP of the rural distribution industry in the eastern and western regions of China is basically the same, which has had a reverse change relationship with the central and northeast regions for many years. The industrial structure, urbanization rate, rural informatization rate, and conditions of the transportation facilities have significant impacts on the TFP of the rural distribution industry, among which the informatization rate has the greatest positive impact.
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Zhang, Xiling, Yusheng Kong y Xuhui Ding. "How High-Quality Urbanization Affects Utilization Efficiency of Agricultural Water Resources in the Yellow River Basin under Double Control Action?" Sustainability 12, n.º 7 (3 de abril de 2020): 2869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072869.
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To promote the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, the total amount and intensity of agricultural water must be controlled. Further speaking, an urbanization development system should be established that is compatible with water resources and the water environment. We adopted the stochastic frontier analysis model to measure the agricultural water utilization efficiency of the Yellow River Basin from 2007 to 2017. We also adopted the dynamic panel difference generalized method of moments (GMM) and system GMM models to verify the driving factors, in which population urbanization, economic urbanization, and equilibrium urbanization levels were selected as the key variables. The results show that the overall efficiency of agricultural water utilization maintained a steady upward trend during the research period. The spatial differentiation was generally characterized by higher efficiency levels in the eastern region and lower levels in the western region. The variation coefficient of water utilization efficiency showed a downward trend in general, which indicates a space spillover effect. Agricultural water utilization efficiency continued to converge from 2007 to 2017, and the upper reaches area converged relatively more quickly. Regarding the influencing factors, the population urbanization, economic urbanization, balanced urbanization, crop planting ratio, and rice planting ratio had negative effects on agricultural water utilization efficiency. Urbanization did not positively affect agricultural water use efficiency as the related theories, so urbanization quality and urban–rural integration should be paid more attention. However, technology innovation was significantly positive in agricultural water utilization efficiency. The influencing factors of per capita water availability and annual precipitation did not pass the significance test. Therefore, the government should vigorously promote the development of high-quality new-type urbanization, scientifically formulate the scale and speed of urbanization, strengthen the urban, rural, and industrial integration, and promote the adjustment of planting structures and agricultural deep processing.
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Zhu, Xiaoqing, Tiancheng Zhang, Weijun Gao y Danying Mei. "Analysis on Spatial Pattern and Driving Factors of Carbon Emission in Urban–Rural Fringe Mixed-Use Communities: Cases Study in East Asia". Sustainability 12, n.º 8 (13 de abril de 2020): 3101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083101.
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Urban-intensive areas are responsible for an estimated 80% of greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide. The urban–rural fringe areas emit more greenhouse gases than urban centers. The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial pattern and driving factors of carbon emissions in urban–rural fringe mixed-use communities, and to develop planning methods to reduce carbon emissions in communities. This study identifies mixed-use communities in East Asian urban–rural fringe areas as industrial, commercial, tourism, and rental-apartment communities, subsequently using the emission factor method to calculate carbon emissions. The statistical information grid analysis and geographic information systems spatial analysis method are employed to analyze the spatial pattern of carbon emission and explore the relationship between established space, industrial economy, material consumption, social behavior, and carbon emission distribution characteristics by partial least squares regression, ultimately summing up the spatial pattern of carbon emission in the urban–rural fringe areas of East Asia. Results show that (1) mixed-use communities in the East Asian urban–rural fringe areas face tremendous pressure to reduce emissions. Mixed-use community carbon emissions in the late urbanization period are lower than those the early urbanization. (2) Mixed-use community carbon emission is featured by characteristics, such as planning structure decisiveness, road directionality, infrastructure directionality, and industrial linkage. (3) Industrial communities produce the highest carbon emissions, followed by rental-apartment communities, business communities, and tourism communities. (4) The driving factor that most affects the spatial distribution of carbon emissions is the material energy consumption. The fuel consumption per unit of land is the largest driver of carbon emissions. Using the obtained spatial pattern and its driving factors of carbon emissions, this study provides suggestions for planning and construction, industrial development, material consumption, and convenient life guidance.
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Turgel, Irina, Alexander Pobedin y Larissa Bozhko. "Spatial socio-economic heterogeneity of rural areas in the Russian Federation". E3S Web of Conferences 222 (2020): 06022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022206022.
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Implementation of objectives set out in the Strategy for sustainable development of rural territories of the Russian Federation until 2030 requires solving the problems of spatial differentiation among rural territories in different regions of Russia. The article analyzes the level of differentiation using a set of socio-economic indicators of rural areas. The coefficient of variation was used as an indicator of the degree of spatial differentiation. In the course of analysis, the authors identified significant disparities in territorial development for most of the considered indicators, and particularly acute differences were found in economic parameters, including the volume of investment at the expense of the municipal budget. It is revealed that the degree of differentiation between rural territories is influenced not so much by economic development success as by the level of urbanization in the region. The empirical basis of the analysis is research results conducted within the framework of the research project “Improving the policy of state regulation of accelerated clustering of industrial regions” (AP05133531), carried out under grant funding from the Ministry of education and science of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
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Wang, Jing, Li Li Chang, Min Hang Yuan y Wen Yue Li. "The Urbanization Spatial-Temporal Patterns Exploration of Capital Urban Agglomerations in Three Provinces of Central China". Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (agosto de 2013): 5014–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.5014.
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Following strategies of Coastal Open Go West and Reviving Northeastern Old Industrial Base the state put forward the strategy of Rising of Central China in order to promote its rapid development. Urban agglomeration in Central China is becoming academic focus with unprecedented development momentum. It applies multidisciplinary theory of human geography, regional economics, etc. and takes urban agglomeration of Hunan, Henan and Hubei provinces for example to empirical analysis. Firstly, analyzing the historical evolution, urbanization space development and patterns then comes to spatial association of urban and rural through comparison, Finally, showing the development characteristics of urban agglomeration in Central China and putting forward urbanization suggestion.
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Niu, Jingkun y Haifeng Du. "Coordinated Development Evaluation of Population–Land–Industry in Counties of Western China: A Case Study of Shaanxi Province". Sustainability 13, n.º 4 (12 de febrero de 2021): 1983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041983.
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The 14th Five-Year Plan of China proposes promoting urbanization construction, with counties as an important carrier. In order to evaluate the urbanization development level of counties in Western China, this study established an index system of population, land, and industry, constructed the coupling coordination model, selected Shaanxi Province as a representative case, and evaluated the comprehensive development level and its coordination degree of urbanization at the county level. The results show that: (1) there are two stages of urbanization in Western counties, namely “increment” and “quality improvement”; (2) county urbanization in Western China radiates from central cities, presenting the characteristics of a “core-edge” circle structure. Northern Shaanxi has significant spatial difference characteristics, the coordination and development level of the Guanzhong area are both in the lead, and Southern Shaanxi is still in the stage of weak level coordination; (3) unlike urbanization in metropolises, urbanization in Western counties is mainly driven by industrial agglomeration instead of land urbanization. However, population outflow is an obstacle to the urbanization of Western counties. The evaluation of the coordinated development of county urbanization can provide a theoretical basis and practical path for enhancing public service functions in counties, guiding urban–rural harmonious development.
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Hudzelyak, Iryna y Iryna Dnistryanska. "Demographic situation in rural locality of Ukraine: trends and regional features". Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, n.º 52 (27 de junio de 2018): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2018.52.10171.
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Ukrainian rural locality marks of negative demographic trends, which began to appear in most areas from the 1970-80s and primarily connected with depopulation processes. Forced industrialization and urbanization caused a migratory outflow of rural residents that was additionally predetermined by liquidation policy of hamlets and “unpromising villages”. It led to the exhaustion of the demographic potential, reduction in reproductive cohorts and to the aging population. Most acutely these trends were detected in Chernihiv, Sumy, Poltava, Zhytomyr and Kyiv regions, where natural geography factors also didn’t promote the expansion of rural settlement network. Large negative impact on the reproduction of human potential was famine in 1932-1933. Depopulation of village people in Ukraine has taken place under the influence of unbalanced in spatial aspect social development. Namely, though stable underfunding there was a steady decline in health and education sector and in the other branches of social service completely did not meet the needs of modern society, which has lowered among young people the attractiveness of the villages as place permanent residence. Significant migration losses and lowering of the birth rate defined trends of rural population aging, faster than urban areas. Natural reproduction of rural population has a narrowed nature and is noted by a gradual decline in the birth rate, which remains higher than in urban areas, mainly due to high mortality too distorted age structure. Natural and migration movement of the rural population defined the dynamics of the rural settlement network: reduced the number of settlements in almost all regions of Ukraine except Lviv, Ternopil, Ivano-Frankivsk, Chernivtsi, Volyn, Kherson and Zakarpattia region. The greatest reduction in the number of villages – in Poltava, Sumy, Chernihiv and Kirovohrad regions. Stabilization of depopulation processes in rural areas is possible implementation of social policies and activation of the processing industries related to the agricultural sector. Key words: rural population, rural settlement, depopulation aging, natural reproduction, migration outflow.
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Luo, Xiang y Wang. "Investigate the Relationship between Urbanization and Industrialization using a Coordination Model: A Case Study of China". Sustainability 12, n.º 3 (26 de enero de 2020): 916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030916.
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The coordinated development of industrialization and urbanization has become a common goal and concern of developing countries. At the same time, measuring the relationship between them is becoming a research hotspot. With reference to value engineering, we constructed a dynamic coordination model to analyze the degree of coordination between urbanization and industrialization in China. During the study, three primary indicators were used to assess the level of industrialization in China, namely: economic development, industrial structure, industrial enterprise. We also use demographic urbanization rate to evaluate the level of urbanization. Subsequently, a dynamic coordination model was established using panel data of China collected from 1978 to 2017. Through the dynamic coordination degree model, the changes in the degree of coordination between urbanization and industrialization in China from 1978 to 2017 were analyzed, and the reasons for the fluctuation of coordination degree were further explored. The results show that: (1) The coordinated development of urbanization and industrialization can be divided into six phases, which is consistent with the major reforms in China's rural and urban; (2) The degree of coordination fluctuated more obviously during 1991–1995, which reflected the unstable state of China in the process of coordinated development of urbanization and industrialization; (3) Most of the time, industrialization is ahead of urbanization, while with rapid economic development, urbanization, and industrialization, are gradually synchronizing in China. The results are of great significance for promoting the coordinated development of urbanization and industrialization and realizing the sustainable development of the city.
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Chen, Chen, Yu Hua Wang y Lei Niu. "The Analysis of Resources Environmental Effects of Rural Industrialized Areas Based on Ecological Footprint". Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (septiembre de 2014): 634–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.634.
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The rapid growth of rural industry has resulted in increased financial well-being, with improvement of farmers’ salaries and development of urbanization. However, it has also contributed to decreased environmental quality and heavy consumption of resources, which were seriously threatening the sustainable economic and social development of China. Little, if any, related research has been published and few of these articles approach the topic from a rural perspective. Systematic evaluation system is lack of study. This paper tries to establish environmental effects assessment model for the ecological footprint of rural industry based on traditional footprint theory, then takes Jimo of Shandong Province and Zhuji of Zhejiang Province for instance to analyze environmental effects of rural industry. The results shows that the resources environmental effects of both regions are different and the ecological footprint per capita of both regions had increased from 2000 to 2009. The upward trend of Zhuji is more obvious and the industrial footprint per capita of Jimo is lower than Zhuji with the gap increasing in the decades. The treatment efficiency of industrial waste of Jimo is higher than that of Zhuji. The population of both regions are close, but the gap of industrial ecological footprint between them are expanding. The GDP ecological footprint of Zhuji was higher than that of Jimo, which means the rural industry of Zhuji put more pressure on the environment.
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Pratama, Isnu Putra, Haryo Winarso, Delik Hudalah y Ibnu Syabri. "Extended Urbanization through Capital Centralization: Contract Farming in Palm Oil-Based Agroindustrialization". Sustainability 13, n.º 18 (8 de septiembre de 2021): 10044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810044.
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The discussion on extended urbanization considers accumulation by dispossession as a key apparatus for instilling urban logic into predominantly rural areas. This paper contends that extended urbanization can also be produced without physical dispossession of community land. This is illustrated by the case study of Sei Mangkei, an emerging palm oil agroindustrial district in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Capitalist industries prefer monetization through contract farming rather than privatization as an instrument to capture the productivity of palm oil smallholder land. The people who serve as smallholders in the palm oil industry are not victims of land appropriation. Moreover, this situation was also triggered by an opportunity for maximizing the socio-economic welfare of smallholders. However, the limited options to access other economic activities when the commodity crisis occurred was a consequence that smallholders were not aware of in the past. Thus, we assert that extended urbanization was (re)produced through the articulation of socio-economic and cultural practices of smallholders on a local-scale with regard to the dynamics of the broader process of global industrialization.
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Wei, Yu y Qian Fei Shi. "Research on Low-Carbon and Ecological Strategies of Renewal Planning in Shanxi Local Countryside - Take Xincheng，Youyu as an Example". Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (agosto de 2014): 1336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.1336.
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In most countries the low-carbon and ecological life is seem to be a sustainable way that considered both human development and environmental protection. Shanxi, a province depends on heavy-industry in China, always leads the nation in carbon emission though in a very bad natural environment. In order to achieve sustainable development, Shanxi should implement industrial transformation while proceeding new pattern urbanization. How to lead people to have a low-carbon and ecological life in planning ways? The low-carbon and ecological practice in the renewing planning of Xincheng Town in Youyu, Shanxi may provide us some new ideas. When doing rural renewing planning, we should use low-carbon and ecological strategies. Consideration should be given to both macro level and micro level. Shanxi can still implement industrial transformation with low-carbon and ecological thinking to achieve the sustainable rural development.
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Li, Huiqin, Peter Nijkamp, Xuelian Xie y Jingjing Liu. "A New Livelihood Sustainability Index for Rural Revitalization Assessment—A Modelling Study on Smart Tourism Specialization in China". Sustainability 12, n.º 8 (14 de abril de 2020): 3148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083148.
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In our rapidly urbanizing world, the problem of rurality versus urbanization is becoming a source of concern. Rural tourism development may become a new important stimulus for promoting a sustainable transformation of the farmers’ livelihood. This calls for a smart specialization in rural tourism where the focus is on a balanced rural revitalization strategy. As part of the empirical research, this paper introduces a livelihood sustainability index. This index helps to construct a balanced system for the evaluation of livelihood sustainability achievements in rural tourism destinations. It is based on livelihood capital, livelihood strategy, and the interlinkage between livelihood and environment, in order to dynamically assess the livelihood sustainability of rural households. Taking Huangpi District of the Wuhan area in China as our applied case study, the livelihood sustainability index appears to show over the past years a significant rise, based on a comprehensive index method, an entropy method, and a coupling coordination model. Our findings show that the development of rural tourism has clearly promoted livelihood sustainability. This has inter alia resulted in the accumulation of livelihood capital, an asset of which both social and cultural capital have benefitted greatly; livelihood strategies have also improved, and therefore so have livelihood diversity and stability; and finally, the interlinkage and coordination degree between livelihood and the environment has also changed positively from a primary to intermediate balanced development. However, the livelihood sustainability index in the area concerned is still relatively low, and has not yet reached its possible optimal level. Hence, there is still much room for improvement. Various approaches can be proposed to achieve a more sustainable livelihood, such as enhancing livelihood capital; narrowing the economic gap between farmers by participating in professional tourism activity; establishing the mechanism of industrial integration and the development of rural eco-tourism; and coordinating a balanced development of livelihood and environmental quality.
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Repyeva, Anastasia Mikhailovna. "Urbanization and its meaning for agro-industrial complex and agriculture". Agrarian Scientific Journal, n.º 12 (15 de diciembre de 2019): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2019i12pp110-112.
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The article discusses the impact of the growing urbanized world on the agro-industrial complex and agriculture, as well as a decrease in the attitude of agricultural producers to consumers. On a global scale, agriculture meets the needs of a rapidly growing urban population, including products that are becoming more energy-intensive, resource-intensive. Thus, the key questions regarding agriculture and urbanization are whether it is possible to meet the growing and changing demand for agricultural products from the growing urban population, while supporting the prosperity of agriculture and modernizing the principles of urban development. The article concludes that there are increasing trends in urbanization of rural regions in the conditions of new global economic realities, as well as the simultaneous process of deurbanization of countries with low economic potential.
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Peker, K. "The causes and results of internal migration from rural areas: case of Eastern Anatolia". Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 50, No. 10 (24 de febrero de 2012): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5235-agricecon.
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Migration from rural has been an important problem in Turkey for the last four decades. This issue has been investigated with regard to its different aspects since the late 1970’s. Research studies focused on its impacts on urban areas. Although the studies on migration in urban areas are more extensive, unfortunately, the studies of migration in rural Turkey are very poor and the effects of this phenomenon on the farms have been untouched. Migration from rural areas starting in the 1950’s was supported, since it was regarded as the locomotive for the rapid urbanization, industrial improvement and development until the late 1970’s. The conventional wisdom in the 1970’s concluded that the best way to eliminate lower incomes was helping farmers to move to urban jobs but nowadays there is widespread agreement that incentive for migration to urban areas does not solve the problem of rural or urban poverty in Turkey. For that reason, Turkish Government spends millions of dollars annually on agricultural policies, and additional funds on rural development to hold people in the rural. In this study, causes and result of migration from the rural was investigated with regard to the mobility of the resources and the success of the farms in a city of Eastern Turkey, Erzurum. The results of the study showed that some causes of migration such as economical, social, and cultural from rural in Turkey are different than the causes in other countries. As a result, it can be concluded that migration from rural areas has not reached the point at which migration has a negative effect on the success of agribusiness.
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Zambon, Cerdà, Gambella, Egidi y Salvati. "Industrial Sprawl and Residential Housing: Exploring the Interplay between Local Development and Land-Use Change in the Valencian Community, Spain". Land 8, n.º 10 (20 de septiembre de 2019): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8100143.
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Urbanization in Mediterranean Europe has occurred in recent decades with expansion of residential, commercial and industrial settlements into rural landscapes outside the traditional metropolitan boundaries. Industrial expansion in peri-urban contexts was particularly intense in Southern Europe. Based on these premises, this work investigates residential and industrial settlement dynamics in the Valencian Community, Spain, between 2005 and 2015, with the aim to clarify the role of industrial expansion in total urban growth in a paradigmatic Mediterranean region. Since the early 1990s, the Valencian industrial sector developed in correspondence with already established industrial nodes, altering the surrounding rural landscape. Six variables (urban hierarchy, discontinuous settlements, pristine land under urban expansion, isolated industrial settlements, within- and out-of-plan industrial areas) were considered with the aim at exploring land-use change. Empirical results indicate a role of industrial development in pushing urban sprawl in coastal Valencia. A reflection on the distinctive evolution of residential and industrial settlements is essential for designing new planning measures for sustainable land management and containment of urban sprawl in Southern Europe. A comparative analysis of different alternatives of urban development based on quantitative assessment of land-use change provides guidelines for local development and ecological sustainability.