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1
Bradley, Richard. "Death and the regeneration of life: a new interpretation of house urns in Northern Europe". Antiquity 76, n.º 292 (junio de 2002): 372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00090463.
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Ceramic models of buildings are found at later prehistoric sites in Northern Europe. Their most likely prototype is the granary. They are associated with cremation burials and the vessels may have taken this form to emphasize the relationship between death and the continuity of human life.
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Briggs, C. Stephen, William J. Britnell y Alex M. Gibson. "Two Cordoned Urns from Fan y Big, Brecon Beacons, Powys". Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 56 (1990): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00005107.
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Late in November 1981, Mr M. Wright of the Danywenallt Centre, Talybont, noticed fragments of prehistoric pottery and an associated cremation burial in an area eroded by walkers in the pathway on Fan y Big (SO 03712057; fig. 1). The site lies at a height of 655 m on one of the denuded spurs of the northern escarpment of the Beacons (pl. 12). The find itself lay next to a small dry-stone beacon about 1 m high, on the knife-edge of the spur and less than 10m away from the precipitous cliffs which drop away for about 100 m to either side. Behind the spur, to the south, is a slight plateau covered in eroding peat hags with a little cotton grass.The ground was frozen at the time of the discovery to a depth of about 3 cm, and the obvious vulnerability of the pottery to destruction by the weather or the passage of human feet necessitated immediate action to preserve it. A small excavation team supervised by C. S. Briggs was hastily assembled to undertake this task in bitter weather several days later.
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Piličiauskas, Gytis, Mika Lavento, Markku Oinonen y Gytis Grižas. "New 14C Dates of Neolithic and Early Metal Period Ceramics in Lithuania". Radiocarbon 53, n.º 4 (2011): 629–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200039096.
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Twenty-three samples of charred food remains, charcoal, burned animals, and human bones from 14 Lithuanian prehistoric sites were dated by radiocarbon as part of a dating project oriented towards renewing the prehistoric ceramics chronology. The new dates modified the dating of ceramic styles by hundreds to a thousand years. Three Textile Ware sherds were dated to 4230–2920 cal BC—the oldest known dates of Textile Ware pottery in the East Baltic. The organic-tempered pointed-bottomed Narva and Combed-like Wares were dated to 3970–3370 cal BC, while Bay Coast Ware (Haffküstenkultur, Rzucewo), including vessels decorated with cord impressions, were dated to 3940–3540 cal BC, i.e. to a period well preceding the Corded Ware/Battle Axe horizon in Europe. Three dates of Globular Amphorae Ware placed the phenomenon directly beyond the Bay Coast chronology, i.e. in 3450–2920 cal BC. Chamotte-tempered Corded Ware from SE Lithuania was dated to 2840–2570 cal BC. The first absolute dating of coarse ware of the Žalioji type pointed to a period of 760–515 cal BC instead of the previously assumed 2nd millennium cal BC. Cremated human bones from urns found at Paveisininkai, Kernavė, and Naudvaris cemeteries were dated to 790–380 cal BC. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates obtained from charred food remains should be treated with a certain caution due to a possible freshwater reservoir effect that has not yet been examined in Lithuania.
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Barnatt, John, Pauline Beswick, Frank M. Chambers, John Evans, Daryl Garton, Jacqueline I. Mckinley, Ken Smith y Alison Walster. "Excavation of a Bronze Age Unenclosed Cemetery, Cairns, and Field Boundaries at Eaglestone Flat, Curbar, Derbyshire, 1984, 1989–1990". Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 60, n.º 1 (1994): 287–370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00003467.
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Excavations at Eaglestone Flat, on the gritstone eastern uplands of the Peak District, have revealed a Bronze Age cremation cemetery associated with a number of contemporaneous stone structures built for ritual and agricultural purposes. Some of the burials were within urns, mostly cordoned. Others were simply placed in pits whilst still hot. A minority were deposited in direct association with small cairns, either placed under or within them. The majority were on open ground near the stone features and adjacent to the upslope edge of a prehistoric field. Most of the stone structures are clearance features associated with the preparation and cultivation of the land close by over an extended period. They are found in a complex palimpsest, which includes structures of unusual design, such as retained rectangular platforms, and discontinuous walls that were only ever 1–2 courses high and probably surmounted by low banks. A series of radiocarbon results adds to knowledge of the date at which Peak District cairnftelds and field systems were built. Environmental data allows vegetational sequences to be reconstructed.
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Barclay, Gordon J. "Cairnpapple Revisited: 1948–1998". Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 65 (1999): 17–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00001936.
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It is 50 years since Stuart Piggott excavated the prehistoric complex at Cairnpapple. At that time there were few excavated parallels in Scotland, and interpretation inevitably relied heavily on sites excavated in southern Britain. Much more locally relevant data are now available and the sequence at Cairnpapple can now be reassessed its regional context.Piggott identified five Periods, commencing with a stone setting, ‘cove’ and cremation cemetery of ‘Late Neolithic date’ around ‘c. 2500 B.C.’. Period II was a henge monument, consisting of a ‘circle’ of standing stones with ceremonial burials in association, and an encircling ditch with external bank – ‘Of Beaker date, probably c. 1700 B.C.’ Period III comprised the primary cairn, containing two cist-burials ‘Of Middle Bronze Age date, probably c. 1500 B.C.’ Period IV involved the doubling of the size of the cairn, with two cremated burials in inverted cinerary urns. ‘Of final Middle Bronze Age or native Late Bronze Age date, probably c. 1000 B.C.’ Period V comprised four graves ‘possibly Early Iron Age within the first couple of centuries A.D.’The present paper, using comparable material from elsewhere in Scotland, argues for a revised phasing: Phase 1, comprises the deposition of earlier Neolithic plain bowl sherds and axehead fragments with a series of hearths. This is comparable to ‘structured deposition’ noted on other sites of this period. Phase 2 involved the construction of the henge – a setting of 24 uprights – probably of timber rather than stone, probably followed by the encircling henge ditch and bank. The ‘cove’ is discussed in the context of comparable features in Scotland. Phase 3 saw the construction of a series of graves, including the monumental ‘North Grave’, which was probably encased in a cairn. Piggott's ‘Period III’ cairn was then built, followed by the ‘Period IV’ cairn. The urn burials seem likely to have been inserted into the surface of this mound, which may have covered a burial (since disturbed) on the top of the Period III mound, or may have been a deliberate monumentalising of it. The four graves identified as Iron Age by Piggott seem more likely to be from the early Christian period.The reassessment of Piggott's report emphasises the value of the writing of a clear, and sufficiently detailed account. While no report can be wholly objective it can be seen that Piggott's striving for objectivity led him to write a paper that is of lasting value.
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González, Erika Marion Robráhn. "Prehistoric ceramic societies from the Central-Western Brazil". Revista do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, n.º 6 (12 de diciembre de 1996): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2448-1750.revmae.1996.109255.
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O presente artigo discute a posição da região Centro-Oeste brasileira enquanto área de confluência para deslocamentos diversos relacionados a grupos ceramistas (sejam deslocamentos de informações, objetos e/ou pessoas oriundos das regiões circunjacentes em período pré-colonial), que teriam exercido significativas influências tanto na origem dos grupos como na historia de seu desenvolvimento cultural. Em termos operacionais, a realização do trabalho se deu através da releitura das informações disponíveis na bibliografía, de forma a sistematizá-las a partir de problemas básicos de investigação; por outro lado, procedeu-se a urna reanálise dos dados e do material coletado em urna amostra de quarenta e sete sítios cerâmicos, expostos a uma série de testes estatísticos.
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Benson, D. G., J. G. Evans, G. H. Williams, T. Darvill, A. David, D. Brennan, A. E. Caseldine et al. "Excavations at Stackpole Warren, Dyfed". Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 56 (1990): 179–245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00005119.
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Excavations of sites spanning the Beaker to early Roman periods at Stackpole Warren, Dyfed, are described. The sites are in an area of blown sand which enhanced their preservation and led to the separation of several horizons. The earliest is a buried soil beneath the blown sand which contained Mesolithic to Bronze Age artefacts. At site A, there was a roundhouse associated with Early Bronze Age pottery and dated to 1620±70 and 1400±70 BC uncal., and two other roundhouses, one possibly of Beaker age. After a period of soil formation, a ritual complex of Later Bronze Age date was established, this contemporary with the earliest besanding of the area; it included a stone setting of more than 2000 small stones, an alignment of small water-worn stones and a standing stone. A cremation gave a latest date of 940±70 BC uncal. Other Later Bronze Age activity is recorded at site G/J in the form of a rectangular enclosure, possibly unfinished.Late Iron Age to early Romano-British settlement was present at sites A and B, consisting of scatters of occupation debris, burnt mounds, cooking pits, hearths and houses, some of stone, some of timber, all taking place in an area being intermittently besanded.Peripheral to the religious and domestic sites, a field system was excavated. The earliest phase was a linear earthwork from which a C14 date of 400±70 BC uncal. was obtained from charcoal in the ditch. After the decay of this, rectangular fields with stone walls were laid out, one along the line of the erstwhile earthwork, this taking place around the end of the Iron Age as dated by C14 of charcoal directly beneath a wall to 90±70 BC uncal. Some of the fields had been cultivated by a succession of cross- and one-way-ploughing, others used for cattle.An assemblage of 763 flints included a few Mesolithic artefacts but was mostly of Late Neolithic and Bronze Age date. A succession of ceramic assemblages included a small Middle Neolithic group (4 vessels), two distinct Beaker groups, one early (Lanting and van der Waals steps 1–3 (8 vessels), one late (steps 3–6) (45 vessels), an Early Bronze Age group of collared urns (43 vessels) and a Later Bronze Age group (26 vessels).Environmental data was not prolific but there was a small quantity of animal bone, mostly cattle and sheep, and cereal grain, mostly barley with some wheat. Marine molluscs were present but sparsely utilized and there was no other indication of the exploitation of the coastal resources such as seals, birds, fish andiseaweed. Land Mollusca indicated open country from the Iron Age onwards when the record begins.The importance of the site is in the ritual complex from site A, the succession of Iron Age/Romano-British occupation horizons, the succession of ceramic assemblages, the field system and the fact that blown sand horizons have allowed the preservation and separation of the sequence much of which would have been at best conflated in to a single horizon or at worst destroyed. Otherwise, there is no evidence that the site was in any way special with regard to the relationship of human activity and sand deposition until the Middle Ages when the area was used as a rabbit warren. Nor was the coastal location important, at least as could be determined by the results. This was a representative of a succession of later prehistoric farming communities and their various domestic, ritual and sepulchral activities in lowland Dyfed.
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Köhler, Johann Michael, Franziska Kalensee, Peter Mike Günther, Tim Schüler y Jialan Cao. "The Local Ecological Memory of Soil: Majority and Minority Components of Bacterial Communities in Prehistorical Urns from Schöps (Germany)". International Journal of Environmental Research 12, n.º 5 (10 de julio de 2018): 575–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41742-018-0116-9.
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Noble, Gordon, Moira Greig, Kirsty Millican, Sue Anderson, Ann Clarke, Melanie Johnson, Dawn McLaren y Alison Sheridan. "Excavations at a Multi-period Site at Greenbogs, Aberdeenshire, Scotland and the Four-post Timber Architecture Tradition of Late Neolithic Britain and Ireland". Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 78 (2012): 135–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00027146.
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This report outlines the unexpected discovery of a group of Late Neolithic structures at Greenbogs, Monymusk in Aberdeenshire, along with a series of later prehistoric features in the mid-1990s. Recent radiocarbon dating shows that two four-post timber structures found here date to the period 2890–2490 calbc. These were found in association with a range of other features including an oval structure and diffuse areas of burning. The closest parallels for the four-post structures can be found in a slowly growing body of Late Neolithic timber structures, some being interpreted as roofed dwellings and others as roofed or unroofed monuments. This article places the Greenbogs structures in their wider context, identifies a number of unexcavated parallels in the aerial record and addresses the nature of the four-post structures found across Late Neolithic Britain and Ireland and suggests that four-post structures were a more common element of Late Neolithic architecture than previously identified. A common building type appears to have been shared across large areas of Britain and Ireland in a variety of contexts, from the seemingly mundane to the more ‘charged’, as part of elaborate monument complexes. The later prehistoric features identified at Greenbogs include a concentration of Middle Bronze Age features including graves containing cremated human bones, one with an upright urn, and a number of Iron Age pits and other features.
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Sørensen, Marie Louise Stig y Katharina Rebay-Salisbury. "Landscapes of the body: Burials of the Middle Bronze Age in Hungary". European Journal of Archaeology 11, n.º 1 (2007): 49–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461957108101241.
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Middle Bronze Age Hungary provides an opportunity to investigate prehistoric ‘landscapes of the body’, as perceptions and attitudes to the body affect burial practices and other body practices, including the wearing of dress and the use of pottery. This article explores the cultural diversity expressed by the roughly contemporary and neighbouring groups of the Encrusted Ware, Vatya, and Füzesabony Cultures. Amongst others, differences between the three groups are articulated through their burials (scattered cremations, urn burials as well as crouched inhumations) and the diverse use of material culture. At the same time, despite formal differences in the burials, the analysis shows that cremations and inhumations in this area share a number of characteristics, and it is the other practices through which the dead body is manipulated that are the primary means of expressing regional differences. Simultaneously, whilst being a means of formulating understandings of the deceased body, burial practices are also tied into subtle differences in lifestyles, daily routines and regional subsistence strategies, as the landscapes of the living provide metaphors, know-how and practical understanding.
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De Mulder, Guy, Mark van Strydonck, Rica Annaert y Mathieu Boudin. "A Merovingian Surprise: Early Medieval Radiocarbon Dates on Cremated Bone (Borsbeek, Belgium)". Radiocarbon 54, n.º 3-4 (2012): 581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200047263.
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Radiocarbon dating of cremated bone is a well-established practice in the study of prehistoric cremation cemeteries since the introduction of the method in the late 1990s. 14C dates on the Late Bronze Age urnfield and Merovingian cemetery at Borsbeek in Belgium shed new light on Merovingian funerary practices. Inhumation was the dominant funerary rite in this period in the Austrasian region. In the Scheldt Valley, however, some cremations are known, termed Brandgrubengräber, which consist of the deposition of a mix of cremated bone and the remnants from the pyre in the grave pit. 14C dates from Borsbeek show that other ways of deposition of cremated bone in this period existed. In both cases, bones were selected from the pyre and wrapped in an organic container before being buried. Recent excavation and 14C dates from another Merovingian cemetery at Broechem confirmed the information about the burial rites and chronology from Borsbeek. This early Medieval practice of cremation rituals seems an indication of new arrivals of colonists from northern regions where cremation remained the dominant funerary rite. Another case at Borsbeek shows the reuse of a Late Bronze Age urn in the Merovingian period. This practice is known from Viking burials in Scandinavia, but was not ascertained until now in Flanders.
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Cook, Martin, Clare Ellis, Alison Sheridan, John Barber, Clive Bonsall, Helen Bush, Ciara Clarke et al. "Excavations at Upper Largie Quarry, Argyll & Bute, Scotland: New Light on the Prehistoric Ritual Landscape of the Kilmartin Glen". Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 76 (2010): 165–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00000499.
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Excavations were carried out intermittently between 1982 and 2005, by various excavators, in advance of quarrying activity at Upper Largie, Kilmartin Glen, Argyll & Bute. They revealed abundant evidence of prehistoric activity, dating from the Mesolithic to the Middle Bronze Age, on a fluvioglacial terrace overlooking the rest of the Glen, although some evidence was doubtless destroyed without record during a period of unmonitored quarrying. Several undated features were also discovered. Mesolithic activity is represented by four pits, probably representing a temporary camp; this is the first evidence for Mesolithic activity in the Glen. Activity of definite and presumed Neolithic date includes the construction, and partial burning, of a post-defined cursus. Copper Age activity is marked by an early Beaker grave which matches counterparts in the Netherlands in both design and contents, and raises the question of the origin of its occupant. The terrace was used again as a place of burial during the Early Bronze Age, between the 22nd and the 18th century, and the graves include one, adjacent to the early Beaker grave, containing a unique footed Food Vessel combining Irish and Yorkshire Food Vessel features. At some point/s during the first half of the 2nd millennium bc – the oakbased dates may suffer from ‘old wood’ effect – three monuments were constructed on the terrace: a pit, surrounded by pits or posts, similar in design to the early Beaker grave; a timber circle; and a post row. The latest datable activity consists of a grave, containing cremated bone in a Bucket Urn, the bone being dated to 1410–1210 cal bc; this may well be contemporary with an assemblage of pottery from a colluvium spread. The relationship between this activity and contemporary activities elsewhere in the Glen is discussed.
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Smith, George, R. I. Macphail, S. A. Mays, J. Nowakowski, P. Rose, R. G. Scaife, A. Sharpe, D. J. Tomalin y D. F. Williams. "Archaeology and Environment of a Bronze Age Cairn and Prehistoric and Romano-British Field System at Chysauster, Gulval, near Penzance, Cornwall". Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 62 (1996): 167–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00002784.
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The project involved the survey and selective excavation of an area of field system adjoining the Romano-British ‘courtyard house’ settlement of Chysauster, near Penzance, Cornwall, supported by soil and pollen studies and by the extensive landscape surveys. The excavation had two main elements: study of the rectilinear field system and excavation of a Bronze Age funerary cairn incorporated in one of the field boundaries. The earliest field system, probably with origins in the 2nd millennium BC, was largely modified by a more irregular and strongly lynchetted field pattern, probably associated with more intensive Iron Age and Romano-British agriculture. There was also some medieval or post-medieval reuse and modification. The cairn pre-dated a boundary bank of one of the early fields and was the focus for a number of cremation burials. Six of these were accompanied by pots which, together with their radiocarbon dates, provide a significant group of the middle phase of the Trevisker variant of the British Food Urn ceramic tradition. Excavation of field boundaries showed evidence of long periods of modification and lynchet accumulation but lacked good artefactual or radiocarbon dating evidence. Soil and pollen analysis produced significant new evidence for this region, showing the former existence of a brown soil under open oak/hazel woodland, with some cereal cultivation taking place, prior to the construction of the Bronze Age cairn. Later cultivation techniques led to deterioration in soil status and to soil erosion. Some field boundaries may have been constructed at this time to conserve soil or as dumps for clearance stone. The changes, through deforestation, cultivation, and erosion influenced the plant communities in the nearby valley where pollen analysis of a peat section suggested three phases of human activity.
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Gavranović, Mario, Lukas Waltenberger, Jelena Bulatović, Irene Petschko, Cornelius Meyer y Snježana Antić. "Višeslojni tumul u Novom Selu kod Bijeljine". Prilozi Instituta za arheologiju u Zagrebu 38, n.º 1 (2021): 33–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33254/piaz.38.1.2.
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The first step of the investigations in Novo Selo near Bijeljina (Republic of Srpska), in the northeastern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina known as Semberija, took place between 2016 and 2019 in the frame of the project “Visualizing the Unknown Balkans,” initiated by the Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology (now Austrian Archaeological Institute) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in cooperation with the Museum of Semberija in Bijeljina. The slightly elevated mounds in Novo Selo and Muharine at the eastern outskirts of the city of Bijeljina remained unregistered in archaeological literature despite their exposed position. Following the results of magnetic prospecting in 2016 that indicated the existence of ditches and a variety of structures, the first excavation was carried out in late 2018 at the mound in Novo Selo. At that point, neither a chronology nor an interpretation of the large earth mounds could be put forward, since there were no comparable investigated structures in the surroundings or surface finds suggesting an approximate age. The excavations in Novo Selo revealed highly remarkable structures and the use of the place as burial grounds in the Late Copper Age (3200–2600 BC), the earliest stage of the Middle Bronze Age (1750–1650 BC), and finally in the late Middle Ages (1000–1300 AD). In terms of cultural affiliation, the Copper Age finds (pottery) and urn cremation burials correspond with the repertoire of the late Baden complex and the Kostolac culture, while the Middle Bronze Age inhumation burial shows similarities with the graves in the lower Drina valley. The discoveries made in Novo Selo exemplify the complexity of burial mounds and their importance for prehistoric communities, especially in an open landscape like Semberija, with multifarious influences from the Balkans, the Carpathian Basin, and the Danube area
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Handini, Retno, Truman Simanjuntak, Harry Octavianus Sofian, Bagyo Prasetyo, Myrtati Dyah Artaria, Unggul Prasetyo Wibowo y I. Made Geria. "SITUS LAMBANAPU: DIASPORA AUSTRONESIA DI SUMBA TIMUR". AMERTA 36, n.º 2 (16 de diciembre de 2018): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/amt.v36i2.67-80.
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Abstract, Lambanapu Site: Diaspora Austronesia In East Sumba. The research at Lambanapu Site aims to determine the position of Lambanapu in the distribution and development of Austronesian ancestors and their culture in Sumba. The method used is survey, excavation, analysis, and interpretation. The results of the research are skeletal findings and urn burial also artifacts which are pottery, beads, metal jewelry, and stone tools. From the dating result it is known that Lambanapu Site was inhabited at least 2.000 years ago and from paleantropology analysis, it is estimated that the individuals found from primary and secondary burial in Lambanapu are a mixture of Mongoloid and Australomelanesoid. Genetic mixing is very possible, given the history of the archipelago's occupation which was filled by several waves of great migration in the past. The Lambanapu site has provided an overview of Sumba's ancestral life in the context of the archipelago. The Lamabanapu research results show us, how Lambanapu and Sumba in general rich with historical and cultural values of the past that are very useful for today's life. The wealth of historical and cultural values is not only for local interests, but also to fill the rich history and culture of the archipelago, and even contribute to global history. Keywords: Lambanapu, prehistoric, Austronesian Abstrak, Penelitian di Situs Lambanapu bertujuan untuk mengetahui posisi Lambanapu dalam persebaran dan perkembangan leluhur Austronesia dan budayanya di Sumba. Metode yang dilakukan adalah survei, ekskavasi, analisis, dan interpretasi. Hasil penelitian berupa temuan rangka dan kubur tempayan serta artefak berupa gerabah, manik-manik, perhiasan logam, dan alat batu. Dari hasil pertanggalan diketahui bahwa setidaknya Situs Lambanapu telah dihuni 2.000 tahun yang lalu. Hasil analisis paleoantropologi diperkirakan individu yang ditemukan di Lambanapu, baik kubur primer maupun sekunder, merupakan percampuran antara Mongoloid dan Australomelanesoid. Percampuran genetika memang sangat memungkinkan terjadi mengingat sejarah hunian Nusantara yang terisi oleh beberapa gelombang migrasi besar pada masa lampau. Situs Lambanapu telah memberikan gambaran kehidupan leluhur Sumba dalam konteks Nusantara. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan betapa Lambanapu dan Sumba pada umumnya memiliki kekayaan nilai sejarah dan budaya masa lampau yang sangat bermanfaat bagi kehidupan masa kini. Kekayaan nilai sejarah dan budayanya tidak hanya untuk kepentingan lokal, tetapi juga untuk mengisi kekayaan sejarah dan budaya Nusantara, bahkan kontribusi bagi sejarah global. Kata kunci : Lambanapu, prasejarah, Austronesia
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Ladegaard-Pedersen, Pernille, Serena Sabatini, Robert Frei, Kristian Kristiansen y Karin Margarita Frei. "Testing Late Bronze Age mobility in southern Sweden in the light of a new multi-proxy strontium isotope baseline of Scania". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 4 (21 de abril de 2021): e0250279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250279.
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The Bronze Age of Sweden’s southernmost region, Scania, is complex and intriguing. One could say that Scania represented in many ways a gateway for people, ideas and material culture connecting continental Europe with Sweden. Shedding light on the dynamics of human mobility in this region requires an in depth understanding of the local archaeological contexts across time. In this study, we present new archaeological human data from the Late Bronze Age Simris II site, located in an area of Scania showing a dynamic environment throughout the Late Bronze Age, thus likely involving various forms of mobility. Because the characterization of solid strontium isotope baselines is vital for delineating human mobility in prehistory using the strontium isotope methodology, we introduce the first environmentally based multi-proxy (surface water-, plant- and soil leachates) strontium isotope baselines for sub-regions of Scania. Our results show, that the highly complex and spatially scattered lithologies characterising Scania does not allow for a spatially meaningful, geology-based grouping of multi-proxy data that could be beneficial for provenance studies. Instead, we propose sub-regional baselines for areas that don’t necessarily fully correspond and reflect the immediate distribution of bedrock lithologies. Rather than working with a Scania-wide multi-proxy baseline, which we define as 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7133 ± 0.0059 (n = 102, 2σ), we propose sub-regional, multi-proxy baselines as follows: Area 1, farthest to the north, by 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7184 ± 0.0061 (n = 16, 2σ); Area 2, comprising the mid and western part of Scania, with 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7140 ± 0.0043 (n = 48, 2σ); Area 3–4, roughly corresponding to a NW-SE trending zone dominated by horst-graben tectonics across Scania, plus the carbonate dominated south western part of Scania with 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7110 ± 0.0030 (n = 39, 2σ). Our results also reflect that the complexity of the geology of Scania requires systematic, high density, statistically sound sampling of multiple proxies to adequately constrain the baseline ranges, particularly of those areas dominated by Precambrian lithologies. The averaging effect of biosphere Sr in surface water might be beneficial for the characterization of baselines in such terranes. Our sub-regional, area-specific baselines allow for a first comparison of different baseline construction strategies (single-proxy versus multi-proxy; Scania-wide versus sub-regional). From the Late Bronze Age Simris II site, we identified six individuals that could be analysed for Sr isotopes, to allow for an interpretation of their provenance using the newly established, environmental strontium isotope baselines. All but one signature agrees with the local baselines, including the 87Sr/86Sr value we measured for a young individual buried in a house urn, typically interpreted as evidence for long distance contacts. The results are somewhat unexpected and provides new aspects into the complexity of Scandinavian Bronze Age societies.
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MacGregor, Gavin, Jennifer Miller, Julie Roberts, Michael Donnelly, Gary Tompsett y Caitlin Evans. "Excavation of an urned cremation burial of the Bronze Age, Glennan, Argyll and Bute". Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports 8 (1 de enero de 2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/issn.1473-3803.2003.08.
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As part of the Historic Scotland Human Remains Call Off Contract, Glasgow Univ ersity Archaeological Research Division (GUARD)undertook an archaeological excavation of a prehistoric urned cremation deposit within a boulder shelter at Glennan, Kilmartin, Argyll and Bute (NGR NM86220097). Analysis has shown the cremation was of a male probably aged between 25 and 40 years. He had suffered from slight spinal joint disease, and mild iron deficiency anaemia, though neither seems likely to have affected his general health. He was cremated shortly after death, together with a young sheep/goat, and their remains were subsequently picked from the pyre and co-mingled before burial in the urn. An unburnt retouched flint flake was recovered which may have accompanied the burial. The closest parallels for the cremation container are found within the tradition of Enlarged Food Vessel urns, a tradition that is poorly dated but probably has a currency in the first half of the second millennium BC. Radiocarbon dating was problematic: a sample of heather-type charcoal from the fill of the urn was dated and provided a range of cal AD1260-1390 at 2 sigma (OxA-10281). A second date was obtained from a sample of hazel charcoal from the lowest part of the fill of the urn, which provided a range of 3370-2920 cal BC at 2 sigma (GU-9598). There are sufficient examples of animal bone previously found accompanying Bronze Age burials to suggest that animals may have had a role in mortuary rites before burial of human remains, though the role and status of these animal remains is not always clear. Although the sample is small, the evidence suggests that, depending on the burial rite, some species of animals were considered more appropriate than others for inclusion; pigs associated with inhumation and goat/sheep associated with cremation burials. The choice of a domesticated animal to accompany the mortuary rites may have been of significance during a period when agro-pastural farming was being widely practiced, and may reflect the perceived inter-relationship between the cultural landscape of people and their livestock. The context of deposition of an Enlarged Food Vessel urn at Glennan, in a boulder shelter in the uplands, provides an interesting contrast with the known deposition of Food Vessels focused on the valley floor at Kilmartin. It indicates that while many of the more visible ceremonial and funerary sites of the second millennium BC may focus on the floor of the glen, other parts of the landscape were also significant in terms of such activities.POSTSCRIPT The cremated bone from the Glennan urn, that had previously given some problematic dates (Report Section 8) has now (March 2004) produced a result of 3615+/-35BP (GrA-24861). At 2130-1880 calBC (2-sigma), this is well within the range of dates for such Vase Urns. The author of SAIR 8 acknowledges the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland for funding this radiocarbon date and the National Museums of Scotland Dating Cremated Bone Project (especially Dr Alison Sheridan) for organising it.
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Vita, No First Name. "LINGKUNGAN VEGETASI SEKITAR 1250 TAHUN YANG LALU Dl SITUS LOLO GEDANG KABUPATEN KERINCI JAMBI {The Environment vegetation in Lolo Gedang Site in 1250 Years Ago)". Jurnal Penelitian Arkeologi Papua dan Papua Barat 8, n.º 1 (3 de junio de 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/papua.v8i1.10.
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Lolo Gedang is one of prehistoric sites in Kerinci Regency, Jambi Province. Prehistoric megalith evidences such as batu belah and batu patah, relief stones and large urns were found either complete or fragmentary In Lolo Gedang. Such findings indicated Lolo Gedang was occupied In the past, especially during the megalithic peroid. The preference to occupy Lolo Gedang in the past was due to natural resources that support the survival of the inhabitant. With Regard to such hypothesis, a question arose: how was the environment then. The objective of this paper is identification of the edible flora in Lolo Gedang. Proxies for pollen analysis were collected by boring and excanation. The result analysis pollen tube identify that vegetation in Lolo Gedang and Kerinci changed since approximately 1250 years ago. The vegetation during the occupation of Lolo Gedang was grassland. Such environment was different from the current one, environment, which is a transition ecosystem from grassland to a mix of Dipterocarpaceae forest. AbstrakLolo Gedang adalah salah satu situs pasejarah di daerah Kerinci, Provinsi Jambi. Bukti prasejarah berupa tinggalan megalitik seperti, batu belah dan batu patah, batu ukiran dan guci besar ditemukan baik dalam kondisi utuh ataupun berupa fragmen ditemukan di Lolo Gedang. Penemuan tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa Lolo Gedang ditempati pada masa lampau, khususnya pada masa periode megalitik. Alasan untuk menempati Lolo gedang pada masa lampau dikarenakan sumber daya alam yang dapat mendukung kelangsungan hidup. Berdasarkan hipotesa tersebut, timbullah pertanyaan bagaimana lingkungan pada masa lalu. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi tumbuhan yang dapat dimakan di Lolo Gedang. Serbuk polen dikumpulkan dengan cara pengeboran dan ekskavasi. Hasil dari analisa polen mengidentifikasikan bahwa vegetasi pada Lolo Gedang dan Kerinci berubah sejak sekitar 1250 tahun yang lalu. Vegetasi lingkungan selama penghunian masalalu merupakan daerah padang rumput. Lingkungan tersebut berbeda dengan lingkungan sekarang. Dimana transisi dari ekosistem padang rumput hingga hutan Dipterocarpaceae campuran
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Williamson, Kylie, Erika Danella, Jaime Ullinger, László Paja y Julia Giblin. "Heads over Tails? An Exploration of Anatomical Arrangement within Cremation Urns from Bronze Age Hungary." Bioarchaeology International, 25 de junio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/bi.2020.4002.
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Although cremation is a well-known and common method of mortuary treatment in prehistory, there is a relative lack of archaeological literature concerning post-burning rituals. A search of the Human Relations Area Files for ethnographic data on post-burning cremation practices reveals a wide variety of practices, suggesting that the examination of the deposition of cremated remains in the archaeological record should also be a fruitful avenue for research. This study introduces a simple yet broadly applicable statistical method for evaluating one aspect of the post-burning process in the archaeological record: the arrangement of bone fragments within burial urns. The ratio of cranial to postcranial elements was calculated for each level of microexcavated funerary urns from Békés 103, a Bronze Age cemetery located in southeastern Hungary. At contemporaneous sites in the Carpathian Basin, archaeologists have reported the practice of placing bones in urns in anatomical order with the extremities located at the bottom of the vessel and the crania located on top. This pattern was notevident at the Békés 103 cemetery; however, this does not suggest there was not intentionality in the manner in which individuals were treated after death. Instead, the homogeneity of the distribution of cremated remains within urns may point to other mortuary practices. This study develops a useful method to systematically examine spatial aspects of cremated human bone from large cemeteries that can be used to better understand post-burning rituals in the past.
A hamvasztás az őstörténet korszakaiban jól ismert és elterjedt szokás, ennek ellenére a régészeti irodalmi források kevés esetben tesznek említést az esetleges hamvasztást követő rítusokról. A Human Relations Area Files (eHRAF) adatbázisában a hamvasztást követő rítusok néprajzi párhuzamai változatos szokásokról számolnak be, amely arra enged következtetni, hogy a régészeti lelőhelyekről származó hamvasztásos anyagok hasonló kutatása szintén új információkkal szolgálhat a kutatás számára.
Jelen tanulmányunk egyszerű, de széles körben alkalmazható statisztikai módszer bemutatására vállalkozik, amely segítségével a hamvasztást követő lépések egyikére következtethetünk; a hamvasztott csontanyag urnán belüli térbeli elrendeződésére kaphatunk választ. Vizsgálataink során a koponyatöredékek és posztkraniális vázelemek arányának meghatározása történt meg a bronzkorhoz köthető Békés-103 lelőhely (Délkelet-Magyarország)hamvasztásos urnáinak mikroásatása során elkülönített rétegekben. A hasonló régészeti korhoz köthető leírásokban fellelhetők a maradványok anatómiai elkülönülése, a végtagokhoz tartozó csontrészletek az urna alsó részében, a koponya elemei pedig az urna felső részében jelentek meg. Ez az elrendeződés a Békés-103 lelőhelyen nem volt nyilvánvaló, ami nem jelenti az egyén halálát követő lépések esetében a szándékosság hiányát. Az elrendeződésben megfigyelhető homogenitás egyéb, a halált követő rítusok, lépések jelenlétére utalhat.
Jelen tanulmány egy olyan, a hamvasztott maradványok térbeli elrendeződésének szisztematikus vizsgálatára alkalmas módszer bemutatására vállalkozik, amely nagy méretű temetők esetében is alkalmazható, így hozzájárulhat a hamvasztást követő temetkezési lépéseinek jobb megértéséhez.
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Bintarti, D. D. "[LATER PREHISTORIC CULTURES OF ISLAND AND MAINLAND SOUTHEAST ASIA] More on urn burials in Indonesia". Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association 19 (24 de enero de 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.7152/bippa.v19i0.11723.
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Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultu. "Neolithic Yejiamiao City Site in Xiaogan, Hubei". Chinese Archaeology 13, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/char-2013-0010.
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AbstractIn 2008, Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and other institutions excavated Yejiamiao City Site, which brought to light an important discovery of prehistoric city and settlement archaeology in the middle reach of the Yangtze River in recent years. The whole city site consisted of the Yejiamiao City Site, Jiashan Site and the auxiliary settlement sites at Yangjiazui and Hejiabu Villages. Based on the characteristics of the city walls, moats and the potteries unearthed at the cemeteries, the cultural remains in this site can be divided into three phases corresponding to the early phase of Qujialing Culture, late phase of Qujialing Culture and the early phase of Shijiahe Culture. The city walls and moats were constructed in the late phase of Qujialing Culture; the cemetery of Jiashan Site was used from the early phase of Qujialing Culture to the early phase of Shijiahe Culture; the urn burials in the cemetery were the most unique and rarely seen in the middle reach of the Yangtze River.