Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Uxbridge"

Uxbridge. Coca-Cola European Partners hat sich verpflichtet, seine Flotte an Dienstwagen und Transportern bis 2030 zu elektrifizieren. Als Mitglied der EV-100-Initiative ist der Abfüller nun in Gesellschaft anderer großer Unternehmen der Lebensmittelbranche.

Abstract In 1786, Betty Trifle, a woman the townspeople described as “furiously insane,” arrived in Uxbridge, MA. Lacking family, property, town settlement, and the “wherewithall to support herself,” the Uxbridge selectmen arranged for Trifle to be boarded with local residents Nathan and Nancy Tyler. For the next twenty-three years, the Tylers and other townspeople housed, clothed, fed, and nursed Trifle—sending receipts for their expenses and labor to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, which issued them annual disbursements. Trifle’s experience of poverty and disability was not unusual in eighteenth-century Massachusetts nor was the town-provided but state-funded care she received. Drawing on nearly two thousand requests for reimbursement from townspeople and selectmen to the Massachusetts General Court between 1786 and 1799, this paper recovers the extensive system of boarding sick and disabled “strangers,” or people without settlement rights, in the homes of town residents—a method of poor relief that historians have almost entirely overlooked. Accounts of the intimate caregiving and receiving relationships between boarders and hosts—which often continued for years and bridged racial, ethnic, and social divides—suggest that the bounds of eighteenth-century Massachusetts communities were flexible and capacious in ways that scholars have not fully recognized. At the same time, the labor associated with nursing ailing nonresidents laid bare the hierarchies of gender, race, class, and ability within these communities, corroborating scholarship on the gendered and racialized dynamics of care. Lodging arrangements that bound strangers and residents together depended on the unrecognized and uncompensated work of women.

The phrase in the title is Charles I's. Writing from Newcastle to Henry Jermyn, John Culpepper and John Ashburnham in September 1646, he voiced his ‘unexpressable greefe andastonishment’ at the advice on the church which he had received from them during the course of his negotiations with the parliamentary commissioners. For they had assured Charles that, if he was no doubt‘ obliged’ by his conscience ‘to doe all’ that was in his ‘power to support and maintain that function of Bishops’, then he had already discharged that obligation to the full, as ‘all the world can witness’. Conscience, in this sense, had no further claims on him, nor could it be more strictly interpreted:if by conscience is intended to assert that Episcopacy is jure divino exclusive, wherby no Protestant (or rather Christian) Church can be acknowledged for such without a Bishop, we must therin crave leave wholly to differ. And if we be in an errour, we are in good company; ther not being (as we have cause to believe) 6 persons of the Protestant Religion of the other opinion. Thus much we can add, that at the treaty of Uxbridge none of your Divines then present (though much provoked thereunto) would maintain that (we might say uncharitable) opinion, no not privatly amongst your commissioners. Nether doeth it follow that in this, or any the most riged, sence you are obliged to perish in company with Bishops meerly out of pitty (and certainly you have nothing els left to assist them with) or that monarchy ought to fall, because Episcopacy cannot stand.

Whereas both Houses of the Parliament of England have been necessitated to undertake a war in their just and lawful defense … all oaths, declarations, and proclamations against both or either of the Houses of Parliament … or their ordinances and proceedings, or any for adhering unto them, or for doing or executing any office, place or charge, by any authority derived from them; and all judgments, indictments, outlawries, attainders and inquisitions in any the said causes … be declared null, suppressed, and forbidden. (From the first of nineteenNewcastle Propositions, July 1646; expanded from the first of twenty-sevenPropositions of Uxbridge, November 1644; repeated in the second ofThe Four Bills, December 1647)Indemnity Committee cases from the 1647–55 manuscripts indicate a widespread volume of suits pressed against parliament's Civil War and Commonwealth officeholders. Invariably, the officials petitioning the Indemnity Committee were under prosecution. Often they had been fined and even jailed. Also revealed in these papers is a public knowledgeable in the law and ready to wield its power in punishing an array of officials in London and the shires. Four broad conclusions are asserted here. First, the Indemnity Committee records reflect a massive legal assault on state officials from the beginning of the Civil War to the mid-1650s, a factor in the political, administrative, and social history of the period that has heretofore been ignored. Second, suits were lodged mainly as the result of actions stemming from fiscal innovations put into place by a parliament that pushed toward victory and then struggled to pay its war debts.

1. The antigenicity of four soya-bean-based infant formulas (Prosobee powder, Prosobee liquid concentrate (Mead Johnson, Uxbridge, Middx), Wysoy (Wyeth, Maidenhead, Berks) and Formula S (Cow and Gate, Trowbridge, Wilts)) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) specific for glycinin and β-conglycinin. Results were compared with in vivo assessments of antigenicity using guinea-pigs, rabbits and calves.2. The levels of antigenic glycinin and β-conglycinin in Wysoy and Formula S were below the limits of detection of the ELISA. Both these proteins were detected in Prosobee powder and Prosobee liquid concentrate with the highest levels, especially for glycinin, being present in Prosobee powder.3. Wysoy was sufficiently antigenic to evoke a soya-bean-specific serum antibody response in rabbits injected with this formula emulsified in complete Freunds adjuvant. A significantly greater response was obtained when rabbits were similarly injected with Prosobee powder.4. The formulas varied in their ability to sensitize guinea-pigs for both anaphylaxis and antibody production when given orally, although the differences were not statistically significant. Prosobee powder appeared to be the most antigenic and Formula S the least, with Prosobee liquid concentrate and Wysoy being intermediate.5. Similar variations in antigenicity were observed when Prosobee powder, Wysoy and Formula S were fed to soya-bean-sensitive calves. These formulas were all capable of provoking intestinal disturbances (seen as increased ileal flow-rate, decreased small intestinal transit time and decreased nitrogen absorption) but the most severe reactions were seen when Prosobee powder was fed and the least with Formula S.6. Thus the four soya-bean-based infant formulas showed considerable differences in antigenicity. In vivo studies using guinea-pigs, rabbits and calves were in good agreement and broadly correlated with the immunochemical assessment of antigenicity. However, the in vitro and in vivo results did not correspond exactly and levels of glycinin and β-conglycinin below the limit of detection by ELISA could evoke an immune response in the different animal species. We believe that these variations in antigenicity of different commercial products prepared from isolated soya-bean protein may be important when interpreting the results from studies of the development of allergy in infants given soya-bean-based formulas.

Background:Treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is tailored according to the intensity of SLE disease activity and aims to achieve remission. Current definitions of remission and disease activity categories are mostly based on the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), which has important limitations. The SLE Disease Activity Score (SLE-DAS) is a validated continuous disease activity score with higher accuracy in measuring SLE activity and higher sensitivity-to-change as compared to SLEDAI1. SLE-DAS is user-friendly with its online calculator.Objectives:To derive and validate the SLE-DAS cut-off values for defining SLE disease activity categories and SLE clinical remission state.Methods:Derivation study was conducted at the Padova Lupus Clinic. Validation was performed prospectively in patients from the Cochin Lupus Clinic and by post-hoc analysis of BLISS-76 (NCT00410384) trial. Gold-standard for clinical remission state was fulfillment of Definition Of Remission In SLE (DORIS). In Padova and Cochin Clinics, at time of inclusion, a senior clinician classified each patient as presenting: (i) remission, (ii) mild, or (iii) moderate/severe disease activity. Derivation of the SLE-DAS cut-offs for disease activity categories was performed using ROC curve analysis against this expert clinical classification. Performance of these SLE-DAS categories of disease activity was assessed as compared with: (i) expert classification (in Cochin cohort); (ii) British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) index (in BLISS-76). An index-based and a Boolean definition of remission were tested applying decision trees, using CHAID (chi-square automatic interaction detection) algorithm and their performance estimated.Results:We included 1190 SLE patients (221 in Padova, 150 in Cochin and 819 from BLISS-76 cohorts). In the derivation cohort, best SLE-DAS cut-off values for disease activity categories were: (i) remission, SLE-DAS≤2.08; (ii) mild activity, 2.08<SLE-DAS≤7.10; (iii) moderate/severe activity, SLE-DAS>7.10. Table 1 shows the performance of these SLE-DAS cut-offs. The SLE-DAS Boolean-based definition of remission (all SLE-DAS clinical items scores = 0 and prednisone ≤5mg/day) showed sensitivity and specificity of 100% in the derivation (Padova) and validation (Cochin) clinical cohorts. The SLE-DAS index-based definition of remission (SLE-DAS ≤2.08 and prednisone ≤5mg/day) presented sensitivity =100% and specificity =97.4% in the derivation and validation clinical cohorts. The SLE-DAS definitions of remission were fully substantiated by CHAID.Table 1.Performance of SLE-DAS cut-offs for remission and disease activity categories compared to physician’s classification and BILAG (n =1190).Disease activity categorySensitivity (%)Specificity (%)Accuracy (%)DerivationPadova CohortRemission(SLE-DAS≤2.08)99.397.198.6Mild Disease Activity(2.08<SLE-DAS≤7.10)74.298.995.5Moderate and Severe Disease Activity(SLE-DAS>7.10)97.496.796.8ValidationCochin CohortRemission(SLE-DAS≤2.08)99.193.998.0Mild Disease Activity(2.08<SLE-DAS≤7.10)82.699.296.7Moderate and Severe Disease Activity(SLE-DAS>7.10)100.098.698.7ValidationBLISS-76Remission and Mild Disease Activity§vs. Moderate and Severe Disease Activity§§ (SLE-DAS≤7.10 vs. >7.10)91.484.190.8§ Remission/Mild: No BILAG B or A scores§§ Moderate/severe: ≥1 BILAG B or A scoresConclusion:The SLE-DAS is an accurate and easy to use tool for defining clinical remission state and SLE disease activity categories, validated with both the expert assessment and BILAG.References:[1]Jesus D, et al. Derivation and validation of the SLE Disease Activity Score (SLE-DAS): a new SLE continuous measure with high sensitivity for changes in disease activity. Ann Rheum Dis 2019;78:365-71.Acknowledgements:The authors would like to thank GlaxoSmithKline (Uxbridge, UK) for granting access to the data from the BLISS-76 trial through the Clinical Study Data Request consortium.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Background:The primary endpoint for randomized clinical trials (RCT) in Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is usually defined as proportion of responders in a composite index. The most widely used are British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG)-based Composite Lupus Assessment (BICLA) and Systemic Lupus Responder Index (SRI). Both comprise BILAG along with SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). BICLA and SRI are complex and time-consuming to assess.The SLE Disease Activity Score (SLE-DAS) is an easy to apply, validated, continuous disease activity measure, highly correlated with SLEDAI, with higher accuracy and sensitivity-to-change as compared to SLEDAI1.We hypothesize that SLE-DAS can also identify the SLE disease activity information from BILAG, thus dispensing the use of composite indexes for RCT.Objectives:To compare the ability of the SLE-DAS and the Safety of Estrogen in Lupus National Assessment (SELENA)-SLEDAI to discriminate between BILAG classification of mild vs. moderate vs. severe disease activity.Methods:Post-hoc analysis of all intention-to-treat patients in the BLISS-76 (NCT00410384) RCT at the baseline study visit. SELENA-SLEDAI and BILAG were assessed at time of the study visits and SLE-DAS was retrospectively scored from the study database. Patients’ disease activity was classified as: (i) mild (no BILAG B or A scores in any organ domain); (ii) moderate (1 BILAG B, no A scores); (iii) severe (≥2 BILAG B and/or ≥1 BILAG A). Ability of the SLE-DAS and SELENA-SLEDAI to differentiate between: (i) mild vs. moderate/severe disease activity; (ii) mild/moderate vs. severe disease activity (according to BILAG), were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The area under the ROC curves (AUCs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) as a measure of discriminatory ability of the SLE-DAS and SELENA-SLEDAI were compared using Delong’s test for two correlated curves. Because AUC measurements might have restricted accuracy for imbalanced datasets, precision-recall (PR) curves and area under PR curves (AUC-PR) were also performed. Statistical significance was set at 0.05.Results:We included 819 patients, classified by BILAG as presenting mild (7.7%), moderate (28.8%) or severe (63.5%) disease activity. To differentiate mild vs. moderate/severe disease activity, the discriminatory ability of SLE-DAS was outstanding (AUC 0.948; 95%CI 0.923-0.973), while that of SELENA-SLEDAI was acceptable (AUC 0.729; 95%CI 0.657-0.801) (p<0.005) (figure 1A). To differentiate mild/moderate vs. severe disease activity, the discriminatory ability of SLE-DAS was excellent (AUC 0.873; 95%CI 9.846-0.899), while that of SELENA-SLEDAI was acceptable (AUC 0.707; 95%CI 0.670-0.744) (p<0.005) (figure 1B). The AUC-PR confirmed the higher performance of SLE-DAS over SELENA-SLEDAI to differentiate mild vs. moderate/severe disease activity (0.995 vs. 0.965, respectively) (figure 1C) and mild/moderate vs. severe disease activity (0.902 vs. 0.794, respectively) (figure 1D).Figure 1.Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves comparing the ability of the SLE-DAS and SELENA-SLEDAI to differentiate (A) mild vs. moderate/severe disease activity and (B) mild/moderate vs. severe disease activity, as assessed by BILAG; and Precision-recall (PR) curves comparing the performance of the SLE-DAS and SELENA-SLEDAI to differentiate (C) mild vs. moderate/severe disease activity and (D) mild/moderate vs. severe disease activity.Conclusion:The SLE-DAS presents excellent performance in assessing SLE disease activity categorized by BILAG scores, which is not the case for SELENA-SLEDAI. Further studies will aim to better define ability of SLE-DAS to substitute composite responder indices.References:[1]Jesus D, et al. Derivation and validation of the SLE Disease Activity Score (SLE-DAS): a new SLE continuous measure with high sensitivity for changes in disease activity. Ann Rheum Dis 2019;78:365-71.Acknowledgements:The authors would like to thank GlaxoSmithKline (Uxbridge, UK) for granting access to the data from the BLISS-76 trial through the Clinical Study Data Request consortium.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

BackgroundAccurate and practical outcome measures for clinical trials in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are lacking. The SLE Disease Activity Score (SLE-DAS) is a recently validated 17-item instrument, with high accuracy and sensitivity to changes in SLE disease activity. The SLE-DAS definitions of remission and low disease activity (LDA) were newly validated against disease activity physician-applied measures in the clinical setting [1, 2]. Criterion validity of SLE-DAS for Patient Reported Outcomes, namely health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) and fatigue needs to be assessed.ObjectivesTo evaluate if the attainment of SLE-DAS remission and LDA states is associated with improvements in HR-QoL and fatigue.MethodsPost-hoc analysis of the merged study population in the BLISS-52 and -76 trials (NCT00424476; NCT00410384) of intravenous belimumab versus placebo for moderate to severe SLE disease activity. We analysed the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) and 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) trial data. Fulfillment of SLE-DAS remission (defined as absence of all SLE-DAS clinical items and prednisone ≤5mg/day) and LDA (defined as SLE-DAS≤2.48 and prednisone ≤7.5mg/day) definitions were retrospectively assessed from the individual participants’ data. Mean changes from study baseline to week 52 in FACIT and SF-36 physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) and domain scores were compared between patients attaining at week 52 the SLE-DAS remission vs non-remission and the SLE-DAS LDA vs non-LDA using multivariate regression analysis adjusted for baseline scores.ResultsA total of 1684 SLE patients were included. Few patients were in SLE-DAS remission (0.5%) and LDA (0.8%) at study entry. At week 52, 12.5% patients attained SLE-DAS remission and 17.5% attained SLE-DAS LDA. Mean improvements in SF-36 PCS and MCS scores were greater in patients that attained SLE-DAS remission vs non-remission (5.4 vs 3.4, and 4.6 vs 2.7, respectively; multivariate p<0.005 for both) and SLE-DAS LDA vs non-LDA (5.0 vs 3.4 and 4.6 vs 2.6, respectively; multivariate p<0.005 for both), at week 52 (Figure 1). Similarly, improvements in all individual domain scores were greater in SLE-DAS remission vs non-remission patients (all multivariate p<0.005) and SLE-DAS LDA vs non-LDA patients (all multivariate p<0.005) (Figure 1). Importantly, improvements in the summary scores and in all the individual domain scores largely exceeded the minimum clinically important differences (MCIDs) of 2.5 and 5 points, respectively, in those patients attaining SLE-DAS remission or LDA.Figure 1.Mean changes in SF-36 domains and summary scores from baseline to week 52. #p<0.005; *p<0.001; MICD, Minimum Clinically Important Difference; MCS, Mental Component Summary; PCS, Physical Component Summary; SF-36, Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form; SLE-DAS, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Score.Additionally, mean improvements in FACIT scores were higher in SLE-DAS remission than non-remission (6.3 vs 3.6, multivariate p<0.001) and in SLE-DAS LDA than non-LDA (5.9 vs 3.6, multivariate p<0.001), and exceeded the MCID of 4 points.ConclusionAttainment of SLE-DAS remission and LDA is associated with meaningful improvement in HR-QoL and fatigue.References[1]Jesus D, et al. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Score (SLE-DAS) enables accurate and user-friendly definitions of clinical remission and categories of disease activity. Ann Rheum Dis 2021;80:1568-74.[2]Assunção H, et al. Definition of Low Disease Activity State based on the SLE-DAS: Derivation and validation in a multicentre real-life cohort. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021;3;keab895.AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank GlaxoSmithKline (Uxbridge, UK) for granting access to the data from the BLISS-52 and 76 trials through the Clinical Study Data Request consortium.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared

Background:Despite improvements in medical care that have contributed to prolonged life expectancy for people living with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) over the past decades, they still suffer from substantial diminutions of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) compared with the general population and with other chronic diseases.Some studies have demonstrated that conventional synthetic and biological disease-modifying agents contribute to improvements in SLE patients’ HRQoL, and responders to treatment have been shown to report greater improvements than non-responders. Although these observations are clinically relevant, improvement following a therapeutic intervention does not necessarily signify that the individual has achieved a satisfactory health state perception. In rheumatoid arthritis, significant pain and severe fatigue persist in a substantial proportion of patients who achieve a good clinical response to treatment or remission. This paradoxical observation has not been thoroughly explored in SLE.Objectives:To determine the prevalence of adverse HRQoL outcomes in patients with SLE who achieved an adequate clinical response after a 52-week long period on standard therapy plus belimumab or placebo, within the frame of two phase III clinical trials. We further aimed to compare frequencies of adverse HRQoL outcomes across different age categories and ethnic groups, and sought to identify contributing factors.Methods:We included patients who met the primary endpoint of the BLISS-52 (NCT00424476) and BLISS-76 (NCT00410384) trials (N=760/1684), i.e. attainment of the SLE Responder Index 4 at week 52. Accordingly, evaluation of adverse HRQoL outcomes was based on patient reports at week 52 from treatment initiation, using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) health survey and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Fatigue (FACIT-Fatigue) scale. Adverse HRQoL outcomes were defined as (i) SF-36 scale scores ≤ the 5th percentile derived from age- and sex-matched US population-based norms from the SF-36 health survey user manual; and (ii) FACIT-Fatigue scores <30.Pearson’s chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests were used to investigate associations between dichotomous variables. Comparisons of continuous data between SLE patients and age- and sex-matched norms were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Multivariable logistic regression models were created in order to assess independence and priority of potential factors associated with adverse HRQoL outcomes.Results:We found clinically important diminutions of HRQoL in SLE patients compared with matched norms and high frequencies of adverse HRQoL outcomes, the highest in SF-36 general health (29.1%), followed by FACIT-Fatigue (25.8%) and SF-36 physical functioning (25.4%). Overall, frequencies were higher with increasing age. Black/African American and White/Caucasian patients reported higher frequencies than Asians and Indigenous Americans, while Hispanics experienced adverse HRQoL less frequently than non-Hispanics. Increasing organ damage was associated with adverse physical but not mental HRQoL outcomes; disease activity showed no impact. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, addition of belimumab to standard therapy was associated with lower frequencies of adverse SF-36 physical functioning (OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.39–0.91; P=0.016) and FACIT-F (OR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.34–0.81; P=0.004).Conclusion:Substantial proportions of SLE patients reported adverse HRQoL outcomes despite adequate clinical response to treatment, especially in physical aspects. Particularly high proportions were seen within Black/African American and White/Caucasian patients. Add-on belimumab may be protective against adverse physical functioning and severe fatigue. Our results corroborate that HRQoL diminutions constitute a substantial burden in patients with SLE, and highlight the limitations of current therapeutic strategies.Acknowledgements:The authors would like to thank GlaxoSmithKline (Uxbridge, UK) for sharing the data from the BLISS-52 (NCT00424476) and BLISS-76 (NCT00410384) trials with the Clinical Study Data Request (CSDR) consortium, Dimitris Ladakis, Joaquin Matilla and Martin Pehr for contributing to the management of data, as well as all participating patients.Disclosure of Interests:Alvaro Gomez: None declared, Julius Lindblom: None declared, Victor Qiu: None declared, Arvid Cederlund: None declared, Alexander Borg: None declared, Sharzad Emamikia: None declared, Yvonne Enman: None declared, Jon Lampa: None declared, Ioannis Parodis Grant/research support from: Research funding and/or honoraria from Amgen, Elli Lilly and Company, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline and Novartis.

ELEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF CYBERNETICS AND SYSTEMSDedicated to the memory of the lateProfessor Frank H. GeorgeBrunel University, Uxbridge (West London),Middlesex, United Kingdom, 23–27 August 1999

Editorial Inaugural Issue for International Journal of Network Dynamics and Intelligence Zidong Wang * Department of Computer Science, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom * Correspondence: Email: zidong.wang@brunel.ac.uk. Tel.: +44-1895-266021. Fax: +44-1895-251686 Received: 26 December 2022 Accepted: 26 December 2022 Published: 27 December 2022

Survey/review study A Survey of Algorithms, Applications and Trends for Particle Swarm Optimization Jingzhong Fang 1, Weibo Liu 1,*, Linwei Chen 2, Stanislao Lauria 1, Alina Miron 1, and Xiaohui Liu 1 1 Department of Computer Science, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom 2 The School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom * Correspondence: Weibo.Liu2@brunel.ac.uk Received: 18 October 2022 Accepted: 28 November 2022 Published: Abstract: Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a popular heuristic method, which is capable of effectively dealing with various optimization problems. A detailed overview of the original PSO and some PSO variant algorithms is presented in this paper. An up-to-date review is provided on the development of PSO variants, which include four types i.e., the adjustment of control parameters, the newly-designed updating strategies, the topological structures, and the hybridization with other optimization algorithms. A general overview of some selected applications (e.g., robotics, energy systems, power systems, and data analytics) of the PSO algorithms is also given. In this paper, some possible future research topics of the PSO algorithms are also introduced.

This interview explores a range of both emergent and persistent areas of interest in the work of Daljit Nagra. Nagra’s two latest books — Ramayana (2013) and British Museum (2017) — represent explorations of his interests in both “rootedness” — what it means to be connected or grounded in a cultural environment — and “route-edness” — what it means for cultures to travel and the impact of cultural journeying (Clifford, 1997). In both books he considers how cultures — both as individual and intertwined entities — in complex ways solidify and mutate; how they remain static and move. In this interview he explores his own shifting, layered, and sometimes uncomfortable relationship with diverse cultures, considering the extent to which and the means by which cultures “translate”. Underlining the inevitable clashes and dislocation such processes necessitate, via pluralism he identifies an essential desire for the meaningful connection of diverse cultures. Like the British Museum of the title of his most recent work, he sees the importance of his poetry as a project in human connectivity, asserting creative achievement, resilience, and value. In exploring these ideas, Nagra discusses the ways in which his work connects both to Indian culture in transition and translation and to canonical English Literature. This interview was conducted in Uxbridge, West London on 6 December 2018.

This presentation by Dr Weisenseel considered the role of fumaric acid esters (FAE) in plaque psoriasis. FAE, first developed in 1959 and approved in 1994, are available in two forms: dimethyl fumarate (DMF) alone (e.g. Skilarence®; Almirall Ltd., Uxbridge, UK) or DMF together with calcium, zinc, and magnesium salts of monoethyl fumarate (Fumaderm®). Up-titration is recommended for FAE/DMF dosing. The BRIDGE study demonstrated that Skilarence has comparable efficacy, safety, and tolerability to Fumaderm, while the retrospective FUTURE study demonstrated that the efficacy of FAE increase over time. Additionally, in separate studies combining FAE with ultraviolet therapy, FAE were shown to achieve a faster clinical response and required a lower mean maximum daily dose in the up-titration period. FAE side effects, such as flushing and gastrointestinal effects, can usually be handled by individualising patient doses, involving both up and down-titration. Dr Weisenseel explained how patients are required to have their lymphocyte levels monitored every 3 months, with lymphocyte counts <700 cells/µL in two consecutive tests considered the criterion for stopping DMF therapy due to the increased risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). There is no evidence of drug-drug interactions with FAE, although retinoids, cyclosporin, immune suppressants, and cytostatics should be avoided.

Richard Evelyn Donohue Bishop, Vice-Chancellor and Principal of Brunei University, Uxbridge, died after a short illness at Queen Alexandra’s Hospital, Portsmouth, on Tuesday 12 September 1989. Although he suffered a mild heart attack some 14 months earlier, his death was caused by the combined effects of a hepatic abscess and septicaemia. Ironically, for this very active individual, his heart had fully recovered from the earlier damage. Dick had a fine, clear mind which brought him significant achievements and honours in the scientific world. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society (1980), a Vice-President and Member of the Council of the Royal Society (1986-1988), a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (1977), a Fellow of the Institution of Mechanical Engineering, a Fellow of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects, a Member of the Royal Aeronautical Society, and a Chartered Engineer. Other awards bestowed upon him were Commonwealth Fund Fellow (1949-1951), Fellow of University College London (1964), President of the British Acoustical Society (now the Institute of Acoustics, 1966-1968), Hon. Member, Royal Corps of Naval Constructors (1968), CBE (1979), and Hon. Fellow, Portsmouth Polytechnic (now University, 1982). A distinguished engineer with an international reputation both in mechanical engineering and naval architecture, Dick was recognized as a communicator par excellence in matters of science and engineering. In technical matters he was a man of vision, able to discuss the principles of mathematics and engineering. He sought academic excellence and scholarship in the tasks he set himself and had the ability to take a complex dynamics problem and reduce it to a discussion or analysis of the fundamental principles involved. Although trained as a mechanical engineer, when asked about his professional background the usual response was ‘a dynamicist and a sort of engineer’. There is no doubting his love for dynamics. He enjoyed change - even change for change’s sake - and quickly became bored by statics and steady state, both professionally and in administration.

Survey/review study A Review of Techniques on Gait-Based Person Re-Identification Babak Rahi 1,*, Maozhen Li 1, and Man Qi 2 1 Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom 2 The School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom * Correspondence: babak.h.rahi@hotmail.com Received: 16 October 2022 Accepted: 14 December 2022 Published: Abstract: Person re-identification at a distance across multiple non-overlapping cameras has been an active research area for years. In the past ten years, short-term Person re-identification techniques have made great strides in accuracy using only appearance features in limited environments. However, massive intra-class variations and inter-class confusion limit their ability to be used in practical applications. Moreover, appearance consistency can only be assumed in a short time span from one camera to the other. Since the holistic appearance will change drastically over days and weeks, the technique, as mentioned above, will be ineffective. Practical applications usually require a long-term solution in which the subject's appearance and clothing might have changed after the elapse of a significant period. Facing these problems, soft biometric features such as Gait has stirred much interest in the past years. Nevertheless, even Gait can vary with illness, ageing and emotional states, walking surfaces, shoe types, clothes types, carried objects (by the subject) and even environment clutters. Therefore, Gait is considered as a temporal cue that could provide biometric motion information. On the other hand, the shape of the human body could be viewed as a spatial signal which can produce valuable information. So extracting discriminative features from both spatial and temporal domains would benefit this research. This article examines the main approaches used in gait analysis for re-identification over the past decade. We identify several relevant dimensions of the problem and provide a taxonomic analysis of current research. We conclude by reviewing the performance levels achievable with current technology and providing a perspective on the most challenging and promising research directions.

ObjectivesThe processed potato ingredient tested in this study was a commercially available ingredient (O’Brien’s Best; Botaniline Foods, LLC) that consists of skinned, sliced potatoes that were cooked to an exact time/temperature to enhance physiochemical properties. The objective of the study was to assess the technological properties of beef emulsion modeling systems prepared with the novel processed potato ingredient (O’Brien’s Best).Materials and MethodsThe meat used in this study was lean ground beef from one master batch of beef that was targeted to 90% lean and 10% fat. The meat batter formulations contained 20% water, 6.15% spice/seasoning, 0.18% Prague powder, and 0.0035% sodium erythorbate, and varying quantities of sodium tri-polyphosphate, salt (NaCl), and binders (processed potato, tapioca starch, or all-purpose binder). In total, eight treatments were formulated and manufactured on three separate, independent occasions (N = 24 experimental units; n = 3 replications). Three treatments were formulated with the novel processed potato ingredient (formulated without phosphate, 0.635% NaCl, and either 5, 10, or 15% the processed potato ingredient). Three treatments were formulated with commercially sourced tapioca starch (formulated without phosphate, 0.635% NaCl, and either 5, 10, or 15% commercial tapioca starch, which was tested to be 78% starch purity). Two treatments were formulated with a commercial formulation [formulated with 0.30% sodium tri-polyphosphate, 10% all-purpose binder (a multi-ingredient proprietary blend binder from Herman Laue Spice Company Inc.; Uxbridge, Ontario), and 1.905% NaCl, or 1.270% NaCl]. Parameters tested were cooking loss, proximate composition of cooked meat batters, texture profile analysis of cooked meat batters, and instrumental color of uncooked and cooked meat batters. Data were analyzed with the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS v9.4 with a fixed effect of treatment and a random effect of replication. Least square means were separated using the PDIFF option with a Tukey-Kramer adjustment. Differences were considered statistically different at P < 0.05.ResultsCooking loss was not different (P = 0.44) among treatments and ranged from 0.64% to 0.77%, indicating acceptable stability for all emulsion formulations in the study. Proximate composition revealed significant differences (P < 0.05) in moisture, protein, ash, and other components (carbohydrates), while lipid content was unaffected. Texture profile analysis revealed that textural properties were generally unaffected (P > 0.05) by treatment, with the exception of less gumminess (P < 0.05) and less chewiness (P < 0.05) in processed potato formulated emulsions compared with the tapioca starch and commercially formulated emulsions. Instrumental color of uncooked emulsions was affected to a greater degree than instrumental color of cooked emulsions. Yet, when tapioca starch was included at high levels (> 10%) in cooked emulsions lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) were greater (P < 0.05) compared with emulsions formulated with the processed potato ingredient and with the commercial formulations.ConclusionIn summary, the technological properties (cooking loss, texture profile analysis, and instrumental color) of beef emulsion systems were largely unaffected by the processed potato ingredient (despite removal of phosphates and less NaCl) and performed similar to the commercial formulations.

ObjectivesThere is great opportunity for the beef industry to add value to cuts that are currently marketed as low value cuts (i.e., cuts from the chuck, round, and flank/plate). The objective was to evaluate the processing characteristics and sensory attributes of bacon manufactured from seven different cuts of beef.Materials and MethodsThe seven cuts evaluated included the brisket (IMPS#120), the clod heart (IMPS#114E; divided horizontally into two halves; referenced as the wide half or silverskin side and the narrow half or non-silverskin side), the flank (IMPS#193), the outside flat (IMPS#171B), and the short plate (IMPS#121A; broken down into the deboned short rib half and the navel half). The cuts were injected using a standard commercial bacon cure (water, salt, corn syrup solids, sodium phosphate, sodium erythorbate, sodium nitrate, sodium bicarbonate, and glycerin; Herman Laue Spice Company Inc.; Uxbridge, Ontario, Canada) to a targeted rested pump uptake of approximately 20% (± 3%). The injected cuts were cooked to an internal temperature of 62°C in a smokehouse (ScottPec, Guelph, Ontario). Following cooking, cuts were cooled to 4°C and then sliced into 4.0 mm slices using a deli slicer. Slices were vacuum packaged, boxed, and stored at 4°C for zero, thirty, sixty, or ninety days. Following the allotted storage period, slices were stored at –20°C until evaluation of sensory attributes and cooking loss. Slices were cooked at 204°C for 15 min in a convection oven. Processing characteristics were conducted in six or seven replications for each cut. Sensory evaluation was conducted on three randomly selected samples for each cut at each of the four storage times (the same samples within each cut was used at each storage time). Processing data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX of SAS (v9.4) with fixed effect of cut and random effect of replication. A trained descriptive sensory panel of 6–8 panelists evaluated the differences in oxidative flavor and aroma (using a 4-pt nominal scale), and differences in beef flavor intensity, muscle fiber toughness, and connective tissue amount (using magnitude estimation). Sensory data were analyzed as repeated measures using PROC GLIMMIX of SAS (v9.4) with fixed effect of cut, storage day, and their interaction, and random effects of session, panelist, and replication.ResultsAs expected, dimensions and processing weights differed (P < 0.01) among cuts. Rested pump uptake was not different (P = 0.29) among cuts. Smokehouse yield was greater (P < 0.05) for the brisket, outside flat, and short plate (both halves) compared with the clod heart (both halves) and flank. Bacon slice cooking loss and sensory characteristics are presented in Table 4.ConclusionOverall, this research indicated that a variety of beef cuts can be used to manufacture beef bacon. The differences in sensory properties that were quantified in this study, allow manufacturers to tailor their cut selection to the sensory properties most valued by their consumers. All cuts exhibited oxidative stability when stored up to 90 d.Table 4Bacon slice cooking loss and sensory analysis of bacon manufactured with different beef cuts. Main effects of cut after 0, 30, 60, and 90 d of storage

Autumn is not only a gloriously colourful time of the year, it is a time when a plethora of children’s book related events and awards take place. Just see what is happening in the next few months:IBBY: “Silent Books: Final Destination Lampedusa” travelling exhibit In response to the international refugee crisis that began last year, the Italian arm of the International Board on Books for Young People has launched a travelling picture-book exhibit to support the first children’s library on the island of Lampedusa, Italy where many African and Middle Eastern refugees are landing. After stops in Italy, Mexico, and Austria, the exhibit is currently touring Canada. It premiered in Edmonton at the Stanley A. Milner Library in August. Next are three Vancouver locations: UBC Irving Barber Learning Centre (Oct. 1 to 23), Vancouver Public Library central branch (Oct. 8 to 18), and the Italian Cultural Centre (Oct. 10 to 22). Then the North York Central Library in Toronto from Nov. 2 to Dec 11. Recognizing Lampedusa island’s cultural diversity, the exhibit comprises exclusively wordless picture books from 23 countries, including three from Canada:“Hocus Pocus” by Sylvie Desrosiers & Rémy Simard’s (Kids Can Press), “Ben’s Big Dig” by Daniel Wakeman and Dirk van Stralen’s(Orca Book Publishers)“Ben’s Bunny Trouble” also by Wakeman and van Stralen (Orca Book Publishers). Other books are drawn from an honour list selected by a jury of experts from the 2015 Bologna Children’s Book Fair including Ajubel’s “Robinson Crusoe” (Spain), Ara Jo’s “The Rocket Boy”(Korea), and Madalena Matoso’s “Todos Fazemos Tudo” (Switzerland), among others. The full catalogue can be viewed online.TD Canadian Children’s Book Week.Next year’s TD Canadian Children’s Book Week will take place from May 7-14, 2016. Thirty Canadian children’s authors, illustrators and storytellers will be touring across Canada visiting schools, libraries, bookstores and community centres. Visit the TD Book Week site (www.bookweek.ca) to find out who will be touring in your area and the types of readings and workshops they will be giving. If your school or library is interested in hosting a Book Week visitor, you can apply online starting in mid-October.Shakespeare Selfie CBC Books will once again be running the Shakespeare Selfie writing challenge in April 2016. Shakespeare took selfies all the time but instead of a camera, he used a quill. And instead of calling them "selfies," they were called "soliloquies."The challenge: Write a modern-day soliloquy or monologue by a Shakespearean character based on a prominent news, pop culture or current affairs event from the last year (April 2015-April 2016). It can be in iambic pentameter or modern syntax with a word count from 200 to 400 words. There are two age categories: Grades 7-9 and 10-12. Details at: http://www.cbc.ca/books/2015/10/the-2016-shakespeare-selfie-writing-challenge-for-students.html Awards:The winners of this year’s Canadian Jewish Literary Awards, celebrating Jewish literature and culture in Canada, have been announced. Amongst the nine awards is one for Youth Literature which was awarded to Suri Rosen for “Playing with Matches” (ECW Press). See all the award winners here: http://www.cjlawards.ca/.The Canadian Children's Book Centre administers several awards including the TD Canadian Children’s Literature Award, the Marilyn Baillie Picture Book Award, the Monica Hughes Award for Science Fiction and Fantasy and the Norma Fleck Award for Canadian Children’s Non-Fiction. This year’s winners will be announced on November 18, 2015. http://www.bookcentre.ca/awardThe Fitzhenry Family Foundation has revealed the winners of its Lane Anderson Awards for the best Canadian science books published in the previous year. Selections are made based on a title’s pertinence to science in today’s world and the author’s ability to relate scientific issues to everyday life. Prolific Halifax kids’ science writer L.E. Carmichael was awarded the YA prize for “Fuzzy Forensics: DNA Fingerprinting Gets Wild” (Ashby-BP Publishing), about using forensic science to fight crimes against animals. Uxbridge, Ontario–based environmental journalist Stephen Leahy received the adult prize for “Your Water Footprint” (Firefly Books), which examines human usage of the valuable natural resource. http://laneandersonaward.ca/The Edmonton Public Library has named Sigmund Brouwer (author and Rock & Roll Literacy Show host) as the winner (by public vote) of Alberta Reader’s Choice Award. Sigmund’s “Thief of Glory” (WaterBrook Press) is about a young boy trying to take care of his family in the aftermath of the 1942 Japanese Imperialist invasion of the Southeast Pacific. The prize awards $10,000 to an Alberta-based author of a work of excellent fiction or narrative non-fiction. http://www.epl.ca/alberta-readers-choiceHarperCollins Canada, the Cooke Agency, and the University of British Columbia have announced the shortlist of the annual HarperCollins Publishers/UBC Prize for Best New Fiction awarded to students and alumni of UBC’s creative writing program, and offers the winner literary representation by the Cooke Agency and a publishing contract with HarperCollins Canada.“Between the Wind and Us” by Iranian-Canadian writer Nazanine Hozar, the story of a young abandoned girl set during the political unrest of 1953–1979 Iran.“Learning to Breathe” by B.C.-based Janice Lynn Mather, a young adult novel about a Caribbean teenager’s struggle to establish herself in a new city and home life.“At The Top of the Wall, Alight” by Sudbury, Ontario, author Natalie Morrill, which follows a Viennese Jew separated from his family during the Second World War. An early version of this novel was previously nominated for the award.Novelist and University of Guelph writing professor, Thomas King, and L.A.-based author, graphic novelist, and musician, Cecil Castellucci, have been named winners of this year’s Sunburst Awards for excellence in Canadian literature of the fantastic. Castellucci won in the YA category for “Tin Star” (Roaring Brook/Raincoast), the first novel in a planned series about a teenager who struggles to survive parent-less in a space station where she is the only human, and which played scene to a brutal assault that haunts her memory. King won in the adult category for his novel “The Back of the Turtle” (HarperCollins Canada), for which he also received a Copper Cylinder Award from the Sunburst Society last week. The book follows a First Nations scientist who finds himself torn after he’s sent to clean up the ecological mess his company has left on the reserve his family grew up on.Be sure to save October 28th on your calendar for the GG book awards announcement. Of course, “GG” stands for Governor-General. The short lists can be viewed here:http://ggbooks.ca/books/. There are categories in both English and French for both children’s text and illustration books.Online ResourcesPodcast: Yegs and Bacon: Episode 22: the full audio from our recent Indigenous Representation in Popular Culture panel. In the audio, you’ll be hearing from (in order of first vocal appearance) Brandon, who introduces the panelists, James Leask, Richard Van Camp, Kelly Mellings, and Patti Laboucane-Benson. Recorded on Monday, September 28th, 2015. http://variantedmonton.com/category/yegs-and-bacon/European Picture Book Collection: The EPBC was designed to help pupils to find out more about their European neighbours through reading the visual narratives of carefully chosen picture books. Here you can find out about how the project began, the theoretical papers that have been presented on European children's literature, and how the materials were initially used in schools. http://www.ncrcl.ac.uk/epbc/EN/index.aspMore next time around,Yours in stories, Gail de VosGail de Vos is an adjunct professor who teaches courses on Canadian children's literature, young adult literature, and comic books & graphic novels at the School of Library and Information Studies (SLIS) at the University of Alberta. She is the author of nine books on storytelling and folklore. Gail is also a professional storyteller who has taught the storytelling course at SLIS for over two decades.

Elizabeth Wilmot, Countess of Rochester, is best known to most modern readers as the woman John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester, abducted and later wed. As Samuel Pepys memorably records in his diary entry for 28 May 1665:Thence to my Lady Sandwich’s, where, to my shame, I had not been a great while before. Here, upon my telling her a story of my Lord Rochester’s running away on Friday night last with Mrs Mallet, the great beauty and fortune of the North, who had supped at Whitehall with Mrs Stewart, and was going home to her lodgings with her grandfather, my Lord Haly, by coach; and was at Charing Cross seized on by both horse and footmen, and forcibly taken from him, and put into a coach with six horses, and two women provided to receive her, and carried away. Upon immediate pursuit, my Lord of Rochester (for whom the King had spoke to the lady often, but with no success) was taken at Uxbridge; but the lady is not yet heard of, and the King mighty angry and the Lord sent to the Tower. (http://www.pepysdiary.com/)Here Pepys provides an anecdote that offers what Helen Deutsch has described in another context as “the elusive possibility of truth embodied by ‘things in themselves,’ by the things, that is, preserved in anecdotal form” (28). Pepys’s diary entry yields up an “elusive possibility” of embodied truth; his version of Wilmot’s abduction solidifies what he perceives to be the most notable features of her identity: her beauty, her wealth, and her sexual trajectory.Pepys’s conclusion that “the lady is not yet heard of” complicates this idea of anecdotal preservation, for he neatly ties up his story of Wilmot’s body by erasing her from it: she is removed, voiceless and disembodied, from even this anecdote of her own abduction. Pepys’s double maneuver demonstrates the complex set of interactions surrounding the preservation of early modern women’s sexual and textual selves. Written into Pepys’s diary and writing in conversation with her husband, Wilmot has generally been treated as a subordinate historical and literary figure—a character rather than an agent or an author. The richness of Wilmot’s own writing has been largely ignored; her manuscript poetry has been treated as an artefact and a source of autobiographical material, whereas Rochester’s poetry—itself teeming with autobiographical details, references to material culture, and ephemera—is recognised and esteemed as literary. Rochester’s work provides a tremendous resource, a window through which we can read and re-read his wife’s work in ways that enlighten and open up readings rather than closing them down, and her works similarly complicate his writings.By looking at Wilmot as a case study, I would like to draw attention to some of the continued dilemmas that scholars face when we attempt to recover early modern women’s writing. With this study, I will focus on distinct features of Wilmot’s sexual and textual identity. I will consider assumptions about female docility; the politics and poetics of erotic espionage; and Wilmot’s construction of fugitive desires in her poetry. Like the writings of many early modern women, Wilmot’s manuscript poetry challenges assumptions about the intersections of gender, sexuality, and authorship. Early Modern Women’s Docile Bodies?As the entry from Pepys’s diary suggests, Wilmot has been constructed as a docile female body—she is rendered “ideal” according to a set of gendered practices by which “inferior status has been inscribed” on her body (Bartky 139). Contrasting Pepys’s references to Wilmot’s beauty and marriageability with Wilmot’s own vivid descriptions of sexual desire highlights Wilmot’s tactical awareness and deployment of her inscribed form. In one of her manuscript poems, she writes:Nothing ades to Loves fond fireMore than scorn and cold disdainI to cherish your desirekindness used but twas in vainyou insulted on your SlaveTo be mine you soon refusedHope hope not then the power to haveWhich ingloriously you used. (230)This poem yields up a wealth of autobiographical information and provides glimpses into Wilmot’s psychology. Rochester spent much of his married life having affairs with women and men, and Wilmot represents herself as embodying her devotion to her husband even as he rejects her. In a recent blog entry about Wilmot’s poetry, Ellen Moody suggests that Wilmot “must maintain her invulnerable guard or will be hurt; the mores damn her whatever she does.” Interpretations of Wilmot’s verse typically overlay such sentiments on her words: she is damned by social mores, forced to configure her body and desire according to rigorous social codes that expect women to be pure and inviolable yet also accessible to their lovers and “invulnerable” to the pain produced by infidelity. Such interpretations, however, deny Wilmot the textual and sexual agency accorded to Rochester, begging the question of whether or not we have moved beyond reading women’s writing as essential, natural, and embodied. Thus while these lines might in fact yield up insights into Wilmot’s psychosocial and sexual identities, we continue to marginalise her writing and by extension her author-self if we insist on taking her words at face value. Compare, for example, Wilmot’s verse to the following song by her contemporary Aphra Behn:Love in Fantastique Triumph satt,Whilst Bleeding Hearts a round him flow’d,For whom Fresh paines he did Create,And strange Tyranick power he show’d;From thy Bright Eyes he took his fire,Which round about, in sports he hurl’d;But ’twas from mine, he took desire,Enough to undo the Amorous World. (53) This poem, which first appeared in Behn’s tragedy Abdelazer (1677) and was later printed in Poems upon Several Occasions (1684), was one of Behn’s most popular lyric verses. In the 1920s and 1930s Ernest Bernbaum, Montague Summers, Edmund Gosse, and others mined Behn’s works for autobiographical details and suggested that such historical details were all that her works offered—a trend that continued, disturbingly, into the later half of the twentieth century. Since the 1980s, Paula R. Backscheider, Ros Ballaster, Catherine Gallagher, Robert Markley, Paul Salzman, Jane Spencer, and Janet Todd have shown that Behn’s works are not simple autobiographical documents; they are the carefully crafted productions of a literary professional. Even though Behn’s song evokes a masochistic relationship between lover and beloved much like Wilmot’s song, critics treat “Love Arm’d” as a literary work rather than a literal transcription of female desire. Of course there are material differences between Wilmot’s song and Behn’s “Love Arm’d,” the most notable of which involves Behn’s self-conscious professionalism and her poem’s entrenchment in the structures of performance and print culture. But as scholars including Kathryn King and Margaret J. M. Ezell have begun to suggest, print publication was not the only way for writers to produce and circulate literary texts. King has demonstrated the ways in which female authors of manuscripts were producing social texts (563), and Ezell has shown that “collapsing ‘public’ into ‘publication’” leads modern readers to “overlook the importance of the social function of literature for women as well as men” (39). Wilmot’s poems did not go through the same material, ideological, and commercial processes as Behn’s poems did, but they participated in a social and cultural network of exchange that operated according to its own rules and that, significantly, was the same network that Rochester himself used for the circulation of his verses. Wilmot’s writings constitute about half of the manuscript Portland PwV 31, held by Hallward Library, University of Nottingham—a manuscript catalogued in the Perdita Project but lacking a description and biographical note. Teresa D. Kemp has discussed the impact of the Perdita Project on the study of early modern women’s writing in Feminist Teacher, and Jill Seal Millman and Elizabeth Clarke (both of whom are involved with the project) have also written articles about the usability of the database. Like many of the women writers catalogued by the Perdita Project, Wilmot lacks her own entry in the Dictionary of National Biography and is instead relegated to the periphery in Rochester’s entry.The nineteen-page folio includes poems by both Rochester and Wilmot. The first eight poems are autograph manuscript poems by Rochester, and a scene from a manuscript play ‘Scaene 1st, Mr. Daynty’s chamber’ is also included. The remaining poems, excluding one without attribution, are by Wilmot and are identified on the finding aid as follows:Autograph MS poem, entitled ‘Song’, by Elizabeth WilmotAutograph MS poem, entitled ‘Song’, by Elizabeth WilmotAutograph MS poem, entitled ‘Song’, by Elizabeth WilmotMS poem, untitled, not ascribed Autograph MS poem, entitled ‘Song’, by Elizabeth WilmotAutograph MS poem, untitled, by Elizabeth WilmotAutograph MS poem, untitled, by Elizabeth WilmotAutograph MS poem, untitled, by Elizabeth Wilmot Autograph MS poem, untitled, by Elizabeth WilmotTwo of the songs (including the lyric quoted above) have been published in Kissing the Rod with the disclaimer that marks of revision reveal that “Lady Rochester was not serving as an amanuensis for her husband” yet the editors maintain that “some sort of literary collaboration cannot be ruled out” (230), implying that Rochester helped his wife write her poetry. Establishing a non-hierarchical strategy for reading women’s collaborative manuscript writing here seems necessary. Unlike Behn, who produced works in manuscript and in print and whose maximization of the slippages between these modes has recently been analyzed by Anne Russell, Wilmot and Rochester both wrote primarily in manuscript. Yet only Rochester’s writings have been accorded literary status by historians of the book and of manuscript theory such as Harold Love and Arthur Marotti. Even though John Wilders notes that Rochester’s earliest poems were dialogues written with his wife, the literariness of her contributions is often undercut. Wilders offers a helpful suggestion that the dialogues set up by these poems helps “hint … at further complexities in the other” (51), but the complexities are identified as sexual rather than textual. Further, the poems are treated as responses to Rochester rather than conversations with him. Readers like Moody, moreover, draw reflections of marital psychology from Wilmot’s poems instead of considering their polysemic qualities and other literary traits. Instead of approaching the lines quoted above from Wilmot’s song as indications of her erotic and conjugal desire for her husband, we can consider her confident deployment of metaphysical conceits, her careful rhymes, and her visceral imagery. Furthermore, we can locate ways in which Wilmot and Rochester use the device of the answer poem to build a complex dialogue rather than a hierarchical relationship in which one voice dominates the other. The poems comprising Portland PwV 31 are written in two hands and two voices; they complement one another, but neither contains or controls the other. Despite the fact that David Farley-Hills dismissively calls this an “‘answer’ to this poem written in Lady Rochester’s handwriting” (29), the verses coexist in playful exchange textually as well as sexually. Erotic Exchange, Erotic EspionageBut does a reorientation of literary criticism away from Wilmot’s body and towards her body of verse necessarily entail a loss of her sexual and artefactual identity? Along with the account from Pepys’s diary mentioned at the outset of this study, letters from Rochester to his wife survive that provide a prosaic account of the couple’s married life. For instance, Rochester writes to her: “I love not myself as much as you do” (quoted in Green 159). Letters from Rochester to his wife typically showcase his playfulness, wit, and ribaldry (in one letter, he berates the artist responsible for two miniatures of Wilmot in strokes that are humorous yet also charged with a satire that borders on invective). The couple’s relationship was beleaguered by the doubts, infidelities, and sexual double standards that an autobiographical reading of Wilmot’s songs yields up, therefore it seems as counterproductive for feminist literary theory, criticism, and recovery work to entirely dispense with the autobiographical readings as it seems reductive to entirely rely on them. When approaching works like these manuscript poems, then, I propose using a model of erotic exchange and erotic espionage in tandem with more text-bound modes of literary criticism. To make this maneuver, we might begin by considering Gayle Rubin’s proposition that “If women are the gifts, then it is men who are the exchange partners. And it is the partners, not the presents, upon whom reciprocal exchange confers its quasi-mystical power of social linkage” (398). Wilmot’s poetry relentlessly unsettles the binary set up between partner and present, thereby demanding a more pluralistic identification of sexual and textual economies. Wilmot constructs Rochester as absent (“Thats caused by absence norished by despaire”), which is an explicit inversion of the gendered terms stereotypically deployed in poetry (the absent woman in works by Rochester as well as later satirists like Jonathan Swift and Alexander Pope often catalyzes sexual desire) that also registers Wilmot’s autobiographical contexts. She was, during most of her married life, living with his mother, her own mother, and Rochester’s nieces in his house at Adderbury while he stayed in London. The desire in Wilmot’s poetry is textualised as much as it is sexualised; weaving this doublebraid of desires and designs together ultimately provides the most complete interpretation of the verses. I read the verses as offering a literary form of erotic espionage in which Wilmot serves simultaneously as erotic object and author. That is, she both is and is not the Cloris of her (and Rochester’s) poetry, capable of looking on and authorizing her desired and desiring body. The lyric in which Wilmot writes “He would return the fugitive with Shame” provides the clearest example of the interpretive tactic that I am proposing. The line, from Wilmot’s song “Cloris misfortunes that can be exprest,” refers to the deity of Love in its complete context:Such conquering charmes contribute to my chainAnd ade fresh torments to my lingering painThat could blind Love juge of my faithful flameHe would return the fugitive with ShameFor having bin insenceable to loveThat does by constancy it merritt prove. (232)The speaker of the poem invokes Cupid and calls on “blind Love” to judge “my faithful flame.” The beloved would then be returned “fugitive with Shame” because “blind Love” would have weighed the lover’s passion and the beloved’s insensibility. Interestingly, the gender of the beloved and the lover are not marked in this poem. Only Cupid is marked as male. Although the lover is hypothetically associated with femaleness in the final stanza (“She that calls not reason to her aid / Deserves the punishmentt”), the ascription could as easily be gendering the trait of irrationality as gendering the subject/author of the poem. Desire, complaint, and power circulate in the song in a manner that lacks clear reference; the reader receives glimpses into an erotic world that is far more ornately literary than it is material. That is, reading the poem makes one aware of tropes of power and desire, whereas actual bodies recede into the margins of the text—identifiable because of the author’s handwriting, not a uniquely female perspective on sexuality or (contrary to Moody’s interpretation) a specifically feminine acquiescence to gender norms. Strategies for Reading a Body of VerseWilmot’s poetry participates in what might be described as two distinct poetic and political modes. On one hand, her writing reproduces textual expectations about Restoration answer poems, songs and lyrics, and romantic verses. She crafts poetry that corresponds to the same textual conventions that men like Rochester, John Dryden, Abraham Cowley, and William Cavendish utilised when they wrote in manuscript. For Wilmot, as for her male contemporaries, such manuscript writing would have been socially circulated; at the same time, the manuscript documents had a fluidity that was less common in print texts. Dryden and Behn’s published writings, for instance, often had a more literary context (“Love Arm’d” refers to Abdelazer, not to Behn’s sexual identity), whereas manuscript writing often referred to coteries of readers and writers, friends and lovers.As part of the volatile world of manuscript writing, Wilmot’s poetry also highlights her embodied erotic relationships. But over-reading—or only reading—the poetry as depicting a conjugal erotics limits our ability to recover Wilmot as an author and an agent. Feminist recovery work has opened many new tactics for incorporating women’s writing into existing literary canons; it has also helped us imagine ways of including female domestic work, sexuality, and other embodied forms into our understanding of early modern culture. By drawing together literary recovery work with a more material interest in recuperating women’s sexual bodies, we should begin to recuperate women like Wilmot not simply as authors or bodies but as both. 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