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1
Levisen, Carsten y Sophia Waters. "Lige, a Danish ‘magic word’?" International Journal of Language and Culture 2, n.º 2 (7 de diciembre de 2015): 244–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijolc.2.2.05lev.
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The Danish word lige [ˈliːə] is a highly culture-specific discourse particle. English translations sometimes render it as “please,” but this kind of functional translation is motivated solely by the expectation that, in English, one has to ‘say please’. In the Danish universe of meaning, there is in fact no direct equivalent of anything like English please, German bitte, or similar constructs in other European languages. Consequently, Danish speakers cannot ‘say please’, and Danish children cannot ‘say the magic word’. However, lige is in its own way a magic word, performing a different kind of pragmatic magic that has almost been left unstudied because it does not correlate well with any of the major Anglo-international research questions such as “how to express politeness” or “how to make a request.” This paper analyzes the semantics of lige in order to shed light on the peculiarities of Danish ethnopragmatics. It is demonstrated not only that Danish lige does a different semantic job than English please, but also that please-based and lige-based interactions are bound to different interpretations of social life and interpersonal relations, and reflect differing cultural values.
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Ito, Junko y Armin Mester. "The perfect prosodic word in Danish". Nordic Journal of Linguistics 38, n.º 1 (20 de abril de 2015): 5–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586515000049.
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The Danishstød, a kind of glottal prosody associated with certain syllables, as inbarʔn‘child’ (cf. stødlessbarnlig‘childish’), has long been the target of intense phonological investigation. In this paper, we show that its analysis requires an understanding of the prosodic constituent structure of Danish, and of the essential role of theperfect prosodic word(coextensive with one foot). After motivating this notion on independent grounds, both in other languages and in the context of acquisition, we show that the Danish stød system, analyzed in Optimality Theory, provides a window on the workings of the perfect prosodic word, regulating the presence and absence of stød in some of the much-discussed cases in the literature. In conclusion, we discuss the status of the perfect prosodic word in the light of recent developments in phonological theory, such as Match Theory.
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Thomsen, Ole Nedergaard. "Syntactic processing and word order in Danish". Acta Linguistica Hafniensia 30, n.º 1 (enero de 1998): 129–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03740463.1998.10412288.
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Kroonen, Guus. "Dutch houting, Danish helt ‘Coregonus ssp.’". Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 80, n.º 3 (24 de noviembre de 2020): 270–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756719-12340188.
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Abstract This short etymological note presents the North Germanic cognates of the ichthyonym houting ‘Coregonus oxyrinchus’, which in the Dutch etymological literature on the word have remained unnoticed. It is argued on the basis of Danish helt and related forms that the Proto-(Northwest-)Germanic reconstruction of this word can be set to *halti-.
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Holmboe, Henrik. "Dansk radiærordbog". HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 1, n.º 1 (17 de julio de 2015): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v1i1.21347.
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The Radial Dictionary of Danish makes it possible for its user to find all Danish words containing a certain string of characters, the minimum length of the string being two characters. This principle of arrangement prove show useful especially for the description of a language like Danish with very rich composition and derivation. The typical search string will be a morph or morpheme, and the radial arrangement of this dictionary allows you to find all words containing a certain morph or morpheme no matter whether its position is word initial, word internal or word final.
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Krasnova, Elena. "DANISH COMPOUND WORD, BASED ON V+N-MODEL". Scandinavian Philology 14, n.º 2 (2016): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2016.202.
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Hawkins, John A. "A processing approach to word order in Danish". Acta Linguistica Hafniensia 30, n.º 1 (enero de 1998): 63–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03740463.1998.10412286.
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Krasnova, Elena. "Compounding in Danish". Scandinavistica Vilnensis, n.º 9 (20 de diciembre de 2014): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/scandinavisticavilnensis.2014.9.4.
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Compounding is a major word formation process in Danish. Approaches currently important for examining Danish compounds are outlined, mostly based on two-constituent N+N compounds. We argue that compounding has both specific and universal features in different languages. Different types of compounds in Danish are discussed with focus on elliptical compounds, without direct semantic relations between the components. This comprehensive approach has proved useful as compounds in Danish differ considerably in semantic relations between the components. The experiment shows that for some groups of “popular” words, analogy plays a great role in the creation and interpretation of novel compounds.
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Kühl, Karoline y Jan Heegård Petersen. "Word Order in American Danish Declaratives with a Non-Subject Initial Constituent". Journal of Language Contact 11, n.º 3 (18 de octubre de 2018): 413–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-01103003.
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The paper investigates the placement of subject and finite verb in topicalized, i.e. non-subject initial declarative main clauses in North American Danish. European Danish adheres to the V2-rule and thus requires inversion, while North American Danish allows for non-inversion, i.e. [X]SV word order. Based on a sample of approx. 1700 tokens of topicalized declarative clauses produced by 64 speakers, we observe a general stability of V2 in North American Danish. In order to explain the instances of non-V2, we employ both linguistic and sociolinguistic factors.
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Trecca, Fabio, Dorthe Bleses, Anders Højen, Thomas O. Madsen y Morten H. Christiansen. "When Too Many Vowels Impede Language Processing: An Eye-Tracking Study of Danish-Learning Children". Language and Speech 63, n.º 4 (3 de enero de 2020): 898–918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023830919893390.
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Research has suggested that Danish-learning children lag behind in early language acquisition. The phenomenon has been attributed to the opaque phonetic structure of Danish, which features an unusually large number of non-consonantal sounds (i.e., vowels and semivowels/glides). The large number of vocalic sounds in speech is thought to provide fewer cues to word segmentation and to make language processing harder, thus hindering the acquisition process. In this study, we explored whether the presence of vocalic sounds at word boundaries impedes real-time speech processing in 24-month-old Danish-learning children, compared to word boundaries that are marked by consonantal sounds. Using eye-tracking, we tested children’s real-time comprehension of known consonant-initial and vowel-initial words when presented in either a consonant-final carrier phrase or in a vowel-final carrier phrase, thus resulting in the four boundary types C#C, C#V, V#C, and V#V. Our results showed that the presence of vocalic sounds around a word boundary—especially before—impedes processing of Danish child-directed sentences.
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Nielsen, Jens Bo y Torsten Dau. "A Danish Nonsense Word Corpus for Phoneme Recognition Measurements". Acta Acustica united with Acustica 105, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2019): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3813/aaa.919299.
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Winther Balling, Laura y R. Harald Baayen. "Morphological effects in auditory word recognition: Evidence from Danish". Language and Cognitive Processes 23, n.º 7-8 (noviembre de 2008): 1159–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01690960802201010.
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Simonsen, Irene. "Collocations in Academic Language in German and Danish". Kalbotyra 73 (28 de diciembre de 2020): 150–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/kalbotyra.2020.8.
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This study compares the collocational use of the different word forms of five roots of academic language in German and Danish, considered essential for the realization of obligatory moves in the academic abstract, namely *analy*, *untersuch*/*undersøg*, *method*/*metod*, *theor*/*teor* and *empiri*. The aim of the comparison is to uncover differences and similarities in the expert norm of the two languages in order to gain insights that may help to inform the teaching of German-speaking students who must learn written standard Danish as part of their studies in Denmark. The study places special emphasis on the topic of variation, since variation reflects interculturally different uses of language specifically and is a major theme in academic language in general. The frequency and distribution of the five roots as verb, noun and adjective are compared in the collocations: noun + verb, verb + noun, adjective + noun in a study of two corpora of 100 dissertation abstracts from each of the two languages (approx.145.000 tokens), using the Word Sketch function of the corpus tool Sketch Engine. The LogDice measure has been used to identify the collocations, and variation is operationalized as the type-token ratio, computed for each syntactic relation. The results show general differences between the two languages. The use of different collocations with word forms from the five word families is greater in academic language in German than in Danish, despite a very similar distribution of the collocations in the languages and despite higher frequencies in Danish. The collocational use of the words in Danish therefore seems to be less varied and more restricted than in academic language in German.
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Ørsnes, Bjarne. "Wh-Optatives in Danish: Compositional and Noncompositional Aspects". Journal of Germanic Linguistics 25, n.º 2 (22 de mayo de 2013): 137–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470542713000019.
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Danish has an optative taking the form of a wh-clause with embedded word order: Hvem der var rig! lit. ‘Who there were rich!’ with the intended meaning Wish I were rich! Such wh-clauses cannot be used as optatives in German or English (or only marginally so). On the basis of a detailed analysis of the syntax, semantics, and pragmatics of this little-studied phenomenon, this article seeks to explain why a wh-clause with “embedded” word order can be used as an optative. I argue that wh-optatives are compositional in many but not all respects. It is a special construction whose interpretation is determined to a large extent by its grammatical properties but which also has completely idiosyncratic properties. In German and English, such wh-clauses are only potential optatives: They are not used as optatives, but nothing would preclude it.*
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Basbøll, Hans. "Prosody, productivity and word structure: the stød pattern of Modern Danish". Nordic Journal of Linguistics 26, n.º 1 (junio de 2003): 5–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s033258650300101x.
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Parts of a new model of phonology-morphology-lexicon interplay is presented to account for the complex distribution of the Modern Danish stød (a syllabic prosody). Stød, which is sometimes productive for speakers, is analysed as a signal of the second mora of bimoraic syllables not subject to the Non-Stød Principle (NSP). The author's cross-language model for Systematically Graded Productivity of Endings (section 3) is shown to account for the application of NSP (section 4), and a detailed typology of lexemes with respect to stød-alternations, derived from the model, is presented in section 5. In section 6, a simple case of stød-alternations in inflection, viz. regular plurals of nouns, is given, and section 7 exemplifies stød and non-stød as a key to morphology for the addressee.
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Højen, Anders y Thierry Nazzi. "Vowel bias in Danish word-learning: processing biases are language-specific". Developmental Science 19, n.º 1 (9 de febrero de 2015): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/desc.12286.
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Rajnik, Eugeniusz. "Substantiviske Komplekse Ord Med Subkonfikser I Moderne Dansk". Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia 16, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2014): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fsp-2015-0003.
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Abstract The article discusses various definitions of the Danish term konfiks (præ- and subkonfiks) as well as other, more recently coined, terms (e.g. komplekse ord) used within Danish, Norwegian, Swedish and German word formation. Section 3 includes a list of nominal subkonfikser present in modern Danish as well as examples thereof. The listed nouns have been classified based on whether their first component can exist independently or not. The summary section includes, amongst others, the productivity of subkonfikser as well as various restrictions regarding their use.
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Tarsi, Matteo. "Að halda uppi lögum og reglum: Saga og orðmyndun orðsins lögregla". Orð og tunga 20 (1 de junio de 2018): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33112/ordogtunga.20.7.
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This article deals with the history and word formation of the Icelandic word for ‘police’, i.e. lögregla. The word constitutes an interesting case of word formation in that said lexeme is a dvandva compound whose creation is related to the expression að halda uppi lögum og reglu ‘to maintain law and order’. Moreover, it is argued that the word has arisen in the wake of the Icelandic purist movement in the first half of the 19th century, and that its creator is Konráð Gíslason, who was at the time a member of the Icelandic Literary Society (Hið íslenzka bókmenntafélag) and editor of the journal Fjölnir. According to the sources, the word, lögregla, cannot have been formed as an independent lexical item. In fact, the word appears first in a compound with maður‘man’, meaning ‘policeman’ or, more precisely, ‘a man who is in charge of maintaining law and order’. It is argued that lögregla has in fact been created in order to gradually substitute the Danish loanword pólití, first in compounds such as pólitímaður and pólitíþjónn ‘policeman’, and then as a single lexeme. The Danish loanword pólití had a twofold meaning: ‘policeman’ and ‘police’. Moreover, it is argued that lögregla, as an unbound lexeme, was initially a shortened form for lögreglumaður, and later assumed the general meaning ‘police force’ by means of synecdoche (pars pro toto).
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JUUL, HOLGER. "Knowledge of context sensitive spellings as a component of spelling competence: Evidence from Danish". Applied Psycholinguistics 26, n.º 2 (abril de 2005): 249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716405050162.
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Spelling performances in 104 Danish children from Grades 4 to 6 were compared across three levels of orthographic transparency. At the first level all spellings that were plausible at the level of the single phoneme were accepted. At the second level spellings were accepted only if they were plausible when the phonological context was considered (context sensitive spellings). At the third level word-specific spelling accuracy was required. There were 16 word items per level, matched for structure and frequency. Scores for context sensitive spellings were intermediate between scores at the phonemic level and the word-specific level, both for vowel and consonant spellings. Scores for context sensitive vowels and consonants were significantly interrelated even when performances at the phonemic and word-specific levels were controlled. The results demonstrate that Danish spellers beyond the initial phases of literacy development rely on phonological entities larger than the single phoneme. They extend similar findings from English in suggesting that knowledge of context sensitive spellings is a separate component of spelling competence.
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Christensen, Marie Herget, Tanya Karoli Christensen y Torben Juel Jensen. "Foregrounding of subordinate clauses by word order: Psycholinguistic evidence of the function of V>Adv (V2) word order in Danish". Linguistics 58, n.º 1 (25 de febrero de 2020): 245–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2019-0040.
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AbstractIn modern Danish, main clauses have the word order X>Verb>Adverb (i. e., V2) whereas subordinate clauses are generally characterized by the “subordinate clause” word order Subject>Adverb>Verb. Spoken Danish has a high frequency of “main clause” word order in subordinate clauses, however, and in the article we argue that this “Main Clause Phenomena” (cf. Aelbrecht et al. 2012) functions as a foregrounding device, signaling that the more important information of the clause complex is to be found in the subordinate clause instead of in its matrix clause.A prediction from the foregrounding hypothesis is that a subordinate clause with Verb>Adverb word order will attract more attention than a clause with Adverb>Verb word order. To test this, we conducted an experiment under the text change paradigm. 59 students each read 24 constructions twice, each containing a subordinate clause with either Verb>Adverb or Adverb>Verb word order. Half of the subordinate clauses were governed by a semifactive predicate (open to both word orders) and the other half by a semantically secondary sentence (in itself strongly favoring Verb>Adverb word order). Attention to the subordinate clause was tested by measuring how disinclined the participants were to notice change of a word in the subordinate clause when re-reading it.Results showed significantly more attention to Verb>Adverb clauses than to Adverb>Verb clauses (though only under semifactive predicates), and more attention to subordinate clauses under semantically secondary than semifactive predicates. We consider this as strongly supporting the hypothesis that Verb>Adv word order functions as a foregrounding signal in subordinate clauses.
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Holmboe, Henrik. "Det endelig ordforråd". HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 5, n.º 9 (29 de julio de 2015): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v5i9.21509.
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Text analysis and text comprehension are problems closely connected with the question of vocabulary. The vocabulary comprises the units which text analysis cannot ignore as one of its goals, and text comprehension - irrespective of theoretical inclination - will always interact with word comprehension. You may claim that texts presuppose words and word semantics in so far as the words are the bricks in the building of texts, or you may claim that the meaning of words is an abstract concept presupposing the sentence, or the text, and not having its empirical status; but to the best of my knowledge nobody will claim that there is no interrelation between the comprehension of words and that of texts. Thus it is relevant to study the words and the vocabularies of languages considering i.a., whether the vocabulary is finite or infinite. This paper will argue the first case, even for a language like Danish with its wide range of word formation potentials which might present the latter case as the attractive alternative. The arguments will be based on facts about the structure of the words and on some considerations on functional and semantic load. The paper is a slightly revised and extended version of a oral contribution given at a conference "Danish Text Analysis on Computers" in November 1991 at the University of Copenhagen under the auspices of the Danish Research Council for the Humanities.
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Henrichsen, Peter Juel y Jens Allwood. "Swedish and Danish, spoken and written language". International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 10, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2005): 367–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.10.3.05hen.
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The aim of much linguistic research is to determine the grammar and the lexicon of a certain language L. The spoken variant of L – in so far as it is considered at all – is generally taken to be just another projection of the same grammar and lexicon. We suspect that this assumption may be wrong. Our suspicion derives from our contrastive analyses of four corpora, two Swedish and two Danish (covering spoken as well as written language), suggesting that – in the dimensions of frequency distribution, word type selection, and distribution over parts of speech – the mode of communication (spoken versus written) is much more significant as a determining factor than even the choice of language (Swedish versus Danish).
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Sundquist, John D. "The Rich Agreement Hypothesis and Early Modern Danish embedded-clause word order". Nordic Journal of Linguistics 26, n.º 2 (diciembre de 2003): 233–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586503001094.
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This article attempts to shed light on the issue of a possible link between the loss of ‘rich’ subject-verb agreement and the loss of verb raising in embedded clauses in earlier stages of the Mainland Scandinavian languages. Different versions of this so-called ‘Rich Agreement Hypothesis’ are compared in light of new diachronic data from the history of Danish. Examples of word order variation with and without verb raising over sentential adverbials were collected from a corpus of twelve sets of texts written in the Early Modern Danish period (ca. 1500–1700). Empirical results indicate that distinctions in person agreement in the verbal inflectional paradigm disappeared nearly 250 years before a significant decline in the frequency of verb raising. In order to explain a possible trigger for this change, the article closely examines the impact of structurally ambiguous word order and syntactic – not morphological – clues during acquisition.
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Nielsen, Anne-Mette Veber. "Knowledge of conditional spelling patterns supports word spelling among Danish fifth graders". Journal of Research in Reading 40, n.º 3 (19 de enero de 2016): 313–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9817.12067.
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Kristensen, Line Burholt, Elisabeth Engberg-Pedersen y Mikkel Wallentin. "Context Predicts Word Order Processing in Broca's Region". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 26, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2014): 2762–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00681.
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The function of the left inferior frontal gyrus (L-IFG) is highly disputed. A number of language processing studies have linked the region to the processing of syntactical structure. Still, there is little agreement when it comes to defining why linguistic structures differ in their effects on the L-IFG. In a number of languages, the processing of object-initial sentences affects the L-IFG more than the processing of subject-initial ones, but frequency and distribution differences may act as confounding variables. Syntactically complex structures (like the object-initial construction in Danish) are often less frequent and only viable in certain contexts. With this confound in mind, the L-IFG activation may be sensitive to other variables than a syntax manipulation on its own. The present fMRI study investigates the effect of a pragmatically appropriate context on the processing of subject-initial and object-initial clauses with the IFG as our ROI. We find that Danish object-initial clauses yield a higher BOLD response in L-IFG, but we also find an interaction between appropriateness of context and word order. This interaction overlaps with traditional syntax areas in the IFG. For object-initial clauses, the effect of an appropriate context is bigger than for subject-initial clauses. This result is supported by an acceptability study that shows that, given appropriate contexts, object-initial clauses are considered more appropriate than subject-initial clauses. The increased L-IFG activation for processing object-initial clauses without a supportive context may be interpreted as reflecting either reinterpretation or the recipients' failure to correctly predict word order from contextual cues.
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Sundquist, John D. "Syntactic variation in the history of Norwegian and the decline of XV word order". Diachronica 23, n.º 1 (29 de junio de 2006): 105–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.23.1.06sun.
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This essay examines syntactic variation between Complement–Verb (XV) and Verb–Complement (VX) order in a corpus of Middle Norwegian texts written between 1250 and 1525. In comparison to traditional studies which relate word order variation and the subsequent loss of XV word order to overt case morphology, this analysis proposes that information structure and variation in the underlying structure of the VP play a significant role. Empirical data point to the interaction of endogenous and exogenous factors, including language contact between Norwegian and Danish, which ultimately brings about the decline of XV word order in 15th-century Norwegian.
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Christensen, Mette. "Literacy practices in two Danish-Somali families". Apples - Journal of Applied Language Studies 13, n.º 4 (18 de diciembre de 2019): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/apples/urn.201912185423.
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This article explores the literacy practices in two Danish-Somali families with young children. The data comes from focused ethnographic fieldwork in the families. The study is rooted in a sociocultural view of literacy, aiming at understanding how different ways of engaging with language and the written word express different beliefs and values about literacy. The study finds that school-oriented literacy training and literacy tests as well as religious practices play important roles in the everyday lives of the families. In some cases, the latter practices share similar properties with the former. The obvious and salient influence of school-like literacy practices shows that the families are not only very willing, but also very capable of fulfilling the roles of “co-creators” and “school-assistants” when it comes to their children’s learning and literacy development. This finding calls for a reconsideration of how teachers and other professionals perceive minority families and their literacy practices and experiences.
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Babajeva, Ludmila. "THEORETICAL CONCEPT OF LEARNING PROCESS IN FOLK HIGH SCHOOL". SOCIETY, INTEGRATION, EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 1 (9 de mayo de 2015): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2012vol1.73.
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<p>Folk high schools during last 160 years have been known for being unique nonformal education institutions with their own philosophical conception established by Danish philosopher N.F.S. Grundtvig (1783-1872). Founded as national consciousness and Danish culture supportive institutions, folk high schools in short time became centres of democracy. The main ideas of these conception – „living word”, „enlightenment”, „enliving”, „school for life”, „personal development” – have made these institutions as providers of personal enlightenment, development and self-realization, where students enlived their transformations through dimensions of body, feelings and mind.</p>
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Heegård, Jan y Jacob Thøgersen. "Style-dependent rules for reduction: Mixed-model multiple linear regression analysis of reduction phenomena in Danish news readings". Nordic Journal of Linguistics 37, n.º 3 (19 de noviembre de 2014): 325–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586514000250.
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It has been suggested that Danish is a language particularly prone to spoken language reductions in spontaneous speech. Previous studies have shown that reduction phenomena, in Danish and other languages, are rule-governed by e.g. phonological context, word frequency and stress patterns. This paper analyses two reduction phenomena, those occurring in the endings -edeand -tein a genre of spoken Danish which is particularly resistant to reductions, viz. radio news readings. Its first aim is to establish the reduction rules of formal spoken Danish and compare these with the rules of more informal spoken Danish, e.g. sociolinguistic interviews. Reduction of -teis found to follow the same general rules as in spontaneous speech, although reductions are far less frequent in news readings. Reduction of -edeis found to follow rules different from those of spontaneous speech. The second aim is to investigate whether the reduction rules have changed over the 70 years which the data span. It is found that the rules, and thus the style, have indeed changed. The modern rules appear to be simpler and include less complex interaction effects.
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Herslund, Michael. "La topologie du français à la lumière de deux autres systèmes". Ordre des mots et topologie de la phrase française 29, n.º 1 (6 de julio de 2006): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.29.1.09her.
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The article gives an introduction to the concept of an independent topological level of description as developped by Danish grammarians. According to this approach topology (the linear ordering of constituents) and syntax (the hierarchical ordering of constituents) constitute two different levels with a certain, but not necessary, isomorphy between their elements. The topology of Danish and Old French, two V2 languages, is described and confronted with a proposal for a topological description of Modern French. It is proposed that whereas the verb constitutes the topological centre or pivot in V2 languages, it is the (nominal) subject which has this role in Modern French. Some consequences of this proposal are examined and it is shown that a description of word order based upon the syntactic structure necessarily amounts to a topological description because the syntactic trees needed to describe certain word order phenomena are so « flat » that they become indistinguishable from the linear and unidimensional sequence of topology.
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Pilegaard, Morten. "Dansk-engelsk medicinsk ordbog. Generering af fagsprogsordbog fra glosekartotek". HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 1, n.º 1 (17 de julio de 2015): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v1i1.21343.
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A status report on the transformation of an idiosyncratic word list into a special-purpose dictionary is given. Pending the inclusion of additional lemmas and a modification of entry design that challenges the current trend in special-purpose dictionaries, the work will result in the first Danish-English medical dictionary.
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Trecca, Fabio, Dorthe Bleses, Thomas O. Madsen y Morten H. Christiansen. "Does sound structure affect word learning? An eye-tracking study of Danish learning toddlers". Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 167 (marzo de 2018): 180–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2017.10.011.
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Stølen, Marianne. "Om Grundtvigs sanges liv i Nordamerika". Grundtvig-Studier 59, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2008): 170–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/grs.v59i1.16532.
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Om Grundtvigs sanges liv i Nordamerika[On the life of Grundtvig’s songs in North America]By Marianne StølenThe article discusses three important conditions for that rich life which Grundtvig’s songs have enjoyed among Danish-Americans in North America. Treated first is the songbook of Frederik Lange Grundtvig, Sangbog for det danske Folk i Amerika [Songbook for the Danish folk in America] (1888), commonly known as “the red one,” with focus upon F. L. Grundtvig’s selection of familiar and unfamiliar songs and hymns gathered from his father’s treasury of song and his reworking of some of these with regard to their relevance for use among the Danish immigrants. Next is described the production of songs among the migrants, especially the Danish pastors, with examples of the word-choice which reveals an assimilation of key conceptwords from Grundtvig’s writings along with readily recognisable echoes of lines from the Grundtvig classics. There follows a description of the Hymnal for Church and Home (1927) and the Danish-American A World of Song (1941), each of which in its way collaborated in building a bridge between successive generations of users. Particular attention is drawn to the translations contributed to the songbook by the Danish-American translator and pastor S. D. Rodholm, with use of examples from Grundtvig’s authorship.Finally a glimpse is offered into the role played today by Grundtvig’s songs in the song-repertoire of Danish-American conventions and among the present members of two singing groups in the Pacific Northwest.
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Voller, Inge. "Die Modalpartikeln auf Deutsch und Dänisch - eine kontrastive Analyse". HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 15, n.º 28 (2 de marzo de 2017): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v15i28.25670.
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This article is about the German and Danish modal particles in a contrastive analysis. There are several features, which are characteristic for this particular word class. After a few comments on those the article is concerned about how to make a proper analysis of those words based on the German modal particles. As shall be shown these words are important to a communication situation, because they show the interlocutors how they are supposed to understand each other. This analysis will be an approach finding out, which functions these words have and the point is, that it is possible to find appropriate equivalents in Danish for the German modal particles, which can be listed, maybe in a dictionary.
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Gemzøe, Lynge Stegger. "Autobiographical adaptation in NBC’s Love Is a Four-Letter Word". Journal of Scandinavian Cinema 11, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2021): 113–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jsca_00042_1.
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This article analyses the adaptation process from the Danish relationship drama television series ‘Nikolaj and Julie’ (2002‐03) to Love Is a Four-Letter Word, the NBC pilot and remake attempt (2015). This comparison is a prime example of autobiographical adaptation, in which the adaptation process can be closely intertwined with a desire to tell autobiographical stories. Using production studies and textual analysis, the article illustrates how Diana Son, the showrunner responsible for adapting the original format into the NBC version, rewrote the original script using a location, themes and characters largely inspired by her personal life and surroundings. The article ultimately argues that in format adaptation, research combining established theoretical frameworks and approaches with the idea of autobiographical adaptation is likely to be a fruitful endeavour in a great many cases.
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Grønnum, Nina, Nicolai Pharao y Hans Basbøll. "Stød in unexpected morphological contexts in Standard Danish: An experimental approach to sound change in progress". Nordic Journal of Linguistics 43, n.º 2 (1 de septiembre de 2020): 147–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586520000074.
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AbstractIn recent years stød has appeared in words where the current phonological and morphological principles of its distribution would exclude it. Thus, a disyllable like [ˈsiːðə] side ‘page’ is without stød, also in a compound like bagside ‘back page’, but it has lately been heard with stød: . In a controlled experiment, speakers were required to produce compounds consisting of an existing initial word succeeded by a final nonce noun. The results indicate that stød may be spreading in this context. Furthermore, its distribution across the 40 nonce nouns was found to be similar to its distribution among existing nouns in the vocabulary: There are more nonce nouns with stød (i) in the definite singular, (ii) especially with short stressed vowels, and (iii) particularly if the initial word is monosyllabic. A change is apparently underway which will eventually partially suspend a non-stød principle which relieves disyllabic lexemes of stød.
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BOEG THOMSEN, DITTE y MADS POULSEN. "Cue conflicts in context: interplay between morphosyntax and discourse context in Danish preschoolers' semantic role assignment". Journal of Child Language 42, n.º 6 (19 de enero de 2015): 1237–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000914000786.
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AbstractWhen learning their first language, children develop strategies for assigning semantic roles to sentence structures, depending on morphosyntactic cues such as case and word order. Traditionally, comprehension experiments have presented transitive clauses in isolation, and cross-linguistically children have been found to misinterpret object-first constructions by following a word-order strategy (Chan, Lieven & Tomasello, 2009; Dittmar, Abbot-Smith, Lieven & Tomasello, 2008; Hakuta, 1982; McDonald, 1989; Slobin & Bever, 1982). In an act-out study, we replicated this finding with Danish preschoolers. However, object-first clauses may be context-sensitive structures, which are infelicitous in isolation. In a second act-out study we presented OVS clauses in supportive and unsupportive discourse contexts and in isolation and found that five- to six-year-olds' OVS comprehension was enhanced in discourse-pragmatically felicitous contexts. Our results extend previous findings of preschoolers' sensitivity to discourse-contextual cues in sentence comprehension (Hurewitz, 2001; Song & Fisher, 2005) to the basic task of assigning agent and patient roles.
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Rajnik, Eugeniusz. "Rzeczowniki homograficzne w języku duńskim − analiza morfologiczna i semantyczna". Studia Rossica Posnaniensia, n.º 43 (26 de noviembre de 2018): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/strp.2018.43.20.
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The article is a study of nouns with the same spelling but different grammatical gender (graphic homonymy, i.e. homography) in Modern Danish. The aim of the article is to analyze the grammatical and lexical homography of both neuter and non-neuter Danish nouns, which have been divided into two groups. The nouns in the first group occur in both grammatical genders with no difference in meaning (grammatical homographs), while the second group is comprised of nouns that do have different meanings based on their grammatical gender (lexical homographs). The author has also identified differences based on word stress (stress homography), different pronunciation and differences connected with the presence of stød or lack thereof, which usually cause a difference in meaning.
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Miltersen, Ehm Hjorth. "Øv – A Problem for Categorization". Scandinavian Studies in Language 10, n.º 1 (31 de mayo de 2019): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/sss.v10i1.114670.
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The Danish word øv is traditionally categorized as an interjection. However, in a set of data primarily from chat conversations, several instances of øv do not match any traditional definition of interjections: It is syntactically integrated and thus does not constitute a full utterance on its own, and its semantic-pragmatic use is more nuanced than “expressing an aspect of the speaker’s mental state”. Th e main part of the article is a functionally-based analysis of these instances of øv, the insights from which are used to question the general practice of lexical categorization. I argue that a pragmatically based model of categorization is better able to account for the full range of uses for a word form.
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Vang Christensen, Rikke. "Sentence Repetition: A Clinical Marker for Developmental Language Disorder in Danish". Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 62, n.º 12 (18 de diciembre de 2019): 4450–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_jslhr-l-18-0327.
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Purpose The aim of the study was to explore the potential of performance on a Danish sentence repetition (SR) task—including specific morphological and syntactic properties—to identify difficulties in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) relative to typically developing (TD) children. Furthermore, the potential of the task as a clinical marker for Danish DLD was explored. Method SR performance of children with DLD aged 5;10–14;1 (years;months; n = 27) and TD children aged 5;3–13;4 ( n = 87) was investigated. Results Compared to TD same-age peers, children with DLD were less likely to repeat the sentences accurately but more likely to make ungrammatical errors with respect to verb inflection and use of determiners and personal pronouns. Younger children with DLD also produced more word order errors that their TD peers. Furthermore, older children with DLD performed less accurately than younger TD peers, indicating that the SR task taps into morphosyntactic areas of particular difficulty for Danish children with DLD. The classification accuracy associated with SR performance showed high levels of sensitivity and specificity (> 90%) and likelihood ratios indicating good identification potential for clinical and future research purposes. Conclusion SR performance has a strong potential for identifying children with DLD, also in Danish, and with a carefully designed SR task, performance has potential for revealing morphosyntactic difficulties. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.10314437
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Østergård, Uffe. "Peasants and Danes: The Danish National Identity and Political Culture". Comparative Studies in Society and History 34, n.º 1 (enero de 1992): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500017412.
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From a cultural and historical-sociological perspective, the Danish nationstate of today represents a rare situation of virtual identity between state, nation, and society, which is a more recent phenomenon than normally assumed in Denmark and abroad. Though one of the oldest European monarchies, whose flag came ‘tumbling down from heaven in 1219’—ironically enough an event that happened in present-day Estonia—Denmark's present national identity is of recent vintage. Until 1814 the word, Denmark, denominated a typical European, plurinational or multinational, absolutist state, second only to such powers as France, Great Britain, Austria, Russia, and perhaps Prussia. The state had succeeded in reforming itself in a revolution from above in the late eighteenth century and ended as one of the few really “enlightened absolutisms” of the day (Horstbøll and østergård 1990; østergård 1990). It consisted of four main parts and several subsidiaries in the North Atlantic Ocean, plus some colonies in Western Africa, India, and the West Indies. The main parts were the kingdoms of Denmark proper and Norway, plus the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein. How this particular state came about need not bother us here.
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Michelsen, Signe. "Frederik Nielsen: N. F. S. Grundtvigip Tussiusiai kalaallisuunngiortitat. Nuuk 1985". Grundtvig-Studier 38, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1986): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/grs.v38i1.15974.
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Grundtvig in GreenlandicN. F. S. Grundtvigip Tussiusiai Kalaallisungortitat, Nuuk 1985By Signe MichelsenIn 1985 the Greenland publishers Pilersuiffik (Nuuk/Godth.b) published a selection of Grundtvig’s hymns and songs translated into Greenlandic by the poet Frederik Nielsen. His translations represent a bold and many-sided choice, covering both the hymns and the bible-story songs as well as the fatherland songs. Translating Grundtvig is terribly difficult. Translating Grundtvig into Greenlandic is a noble feat. A language whose structure is completely different from Danish: a poly-synthetic language whose words consist of so many elements (stems and affixes) that a single word can constitute a whole sentence sequence.The background to Frederik Nielsen’s translations of Grundtvig is his own inspiration from youth. Nielsen was born in 1905 and has been a significant poet in Greenland as well as an educationist and a politician. From 1956-67 he was head of the Greenland Radio. He was the first Greenlander to graduate from a Danish college of education (T.nder), and during his time at college he lived with a family strongly influenced by Grundtvig. The decisive moment came when he took part in a grundtvigian meeting in 1927, where for the first time he heard the hymn: All Creatures that were Given Wings (Alt, hvad som fuglevinger fik). He writes of the experience in his memoirs: “That was when I had the conviction that grundtvigian Christianity was the form of Christianity and the Christian way of life that best agreed with me.” In 1934 on the recommendation of Knud Rasmussen, he had had his novel Tuumarse (Thomas) published in Greenlandic. He himself translated it into Danish in 1980. He has since written a number of novels and poems, some of the latter having been translated into Danish. He is still a productive writer and has also sought to inspire his compatriots as a translator, among other things of a selection of Danish poems from 1980.As examples of his Grundtvig translations two are singled out here: All Creatures that were Given Wings and O , Christian Lot! (O, Christelighed). They are published in a retro-translation to Danish, but the original texts to the hymns in question are printed in Greenlandic.It is clear that there are ideas and concepts in Grundtvig that are impossible to translate. On the other hand the Greenlandic language enforces a greater simplicity than in Grundtvig. This can actually lead to very beautiful passages, as in the two last stanzas of O , Christian Lot!. They contain the essentials and express them with spontaneity and intensity. The Greenlandic poet, Kristian Olsen, reviewing Frederik Nielsen’s hymn translations, writes: “Having read them through Grundtvig’s many word-pictures, he has somehow imbued them with Grundtvig’s spirit.”
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Bergenholtz, Henning y Bjarni Norddahl. "The Ideal Number of Lemmas in an Ideal Accounting Dictionary". HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 27, n.º 53 (2 de diciembre de 2014): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v27i53.20988.
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<p align="LEFT">Lemma lacunas in dictionaries are a traditional focus area for lexicographers, but the opposite problem, which we choose to call <strong>lemma flooding</strong>, has received very little attention. The study of this flooding could be relevant in order to save lexicographers spending thousands of hours producing dictionary entries which nobody reads.</p><p align="LEFT">In Bergenholtz/Norddahl (2012) we showed that during a three-year period less than 33% of all dictionary articles out of 18 million dictionary consultations were consulted in a dictionary with 111,000 entries. We examined nine possible reasons why a given word might not be of interest to users and consequently could be ignored in order to avoid lemma flooding. We tried to demonstrate that while it is not possible to completely avoid lemma fl ooding, implementing a relatively simple rule could minimize it. But in reality the results were quite disappointing, because there were no clear rules or methods to avoid lemma fl ooding.</p><p align="LEFT">Now we will try the same kind of analysis of log files for the English-Danish and the Danish-English Accounting Dictionaries. We see here that there are differences between different dictionaries (monolingual for English and Danish and bilingual for English-Danish and Danish-English). We will try to give some explanations, but must admit beforehand that we have not found satisfying explanations which could lead to a plan for future accounting dictionaries or other economic dictionaries thus avoiding the production of never used dictionary articles.</p>
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Villadsen, Lisa. "One word to rule them all: ‘Civic-mindedness’ and Danish Prime Minister Frederiksen’s Nationalist Covid-19 rhetoric". Punctum. International Journal of Semiotics 06, n.º 02 (1 de marzo de 2021): 229–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18680/hss.2020.0030.
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The essay is a case study critically engaging the Danish Prime Minister’s rhetorical leadership during the early phase of the COVID-19 crisis. Through conceptually oriented rhetorical criticism of a series of press conference speeches given by the PM, the essay demonstrates how her rhetorical leadership in the early stages of the corona crisis relied on communitarian appeals couched in nationalistic terms whereby contributing to stopping the spread of the virus gradually became inscribed in a Social Democratic narrative about community and solidarity and which eventually was presented as part and parcel of an essential ‘Danishness.’ The argument is that the PM’s speeches successfully framed the national response to the epidemic as just that, a national or even nationalistic response. Analysis of the salient phrases ‘standing together by keeping apart’, ‘civic-mindedness,’ and ‘taking care of Denmark’ inform the characterization of the PM’s rhetorical strategy and its ideological underpinnings. The term ‘civic-mindedness,’ specifically, was used as a short-hand referent for all the government’s instructions, advice, and admonitions to change the public’s behavior, and functioned as a guideline for the people in Denmark regarding their understanding of and reactions to the corona epidemic. One word to capture many words, and one word to guide, even rule, a people.
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Jensen, Torben Juel y Tanya Karoli Christensen. "Promoting the demoted: The distribution and semantics of “main clause word order” in spoken Danish complement clauses". Lingua 137 (diciembre de 2013): 38–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2013.08.005.
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d'Alquen, Richard. "Germanic accent, syllabication and the origin of Scandinavian accentuation". American Journal of Germanic Linguistics and Literatures 4, n.º 1 (enero de 1992): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1040820700000792.
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ABSTRACTA proposal to abandon the assumption of word accent (either pitch or stress) for Germanic is seen overall as unprofitable. The dilemma of syllable division is resolved against CVC.V and for CV.CV on general considerations following Murray and Vennemann and specific considerations allowing a better analysis of the conditions surrounding Verner's Law. It is proposed that a new Germanic heavy syllable accent, when double-peaked on words with heavy suffixes gave rise to Scandinavian accent 2, and when single-peaked on heavy roots with light suffixes, gave rise to accent 1 and to Danish stød.
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Kürschner, Sebastian, Charlotte Gooskens y Renée van Bezooijen. "Linguistic Determinants of the Intelligibility of Swedish Words among Danes". International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing 2, n.º 1-2 (octubre de 2008): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1753854809000329.
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In the present investigation we aim to determine to which degree various linguistic factors contribute to the intelligibility of Swedish words among Danes. We correlated the results of an experiment on word intelligibility with eleven linguistic factors and carried out logistic regression analyses. In the experiment, the intelligibility of 384 frequent Swedish words was tested among Danish listeners via the Internet. The choice of eleven linguistic factors was motivated by their contribution to intelligibility in earlier studies. The highest correlation was found in the negative correlation between word intelligibility and phonetic distances. Also word length, different syllable numbers, foreign sounds, neighbourhood density, word frequency, orthography, and the absence of the prosodic phenomenon of ‘stød’ in Swedish contribute significantly to intelligibility. Although the results thus show that linguistic factors contribute to the intelligibility of single words, the amount of explained variance was not very large (R2 (Cox and Snell)=.16, R2 (Nagelkerke)=.21) when compared with earlier studies which were based on aggregate intelligibility. Partly, the lower scores result from the logistic regression model used. It was necessary to use logistic regression in our study because the intelligibility scores were coded in a binary variable. Additionally, we attribute the lower correlation to the higher number of idiosyncrasies of single words compared with the aggregate intelligibility and linguistic distance used in earlier studies. Based on observations in the actual data from the intelligibility experiment, we suggest further steps to be taken to improve the predictability of word intelligibility.
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BALLING, LAURA WINTHER. "Reading authentic texts: What counts as cognate?" Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 16, n.º 3 (2 de febrero de 2012): 637–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728911000733.
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Most research on cognates has focused on words presented in isolation that are easily defined as cognate between L1 and L2. In contrast, this study investigates what counts as cognate in authentic texts and how such cognates are read. Participants with L1 Danish read news articles in their highly proficient L2, English, while their eye-movements were monitored. The experiment shows a cognate advantage for morphologically simple words, but only when cognateness is defined relative to translation equivalents that are appropriate in the context. For morphologically complex words, a cognate disadvantage is observed which may be due to problems of integrating cognate with non-cognate morphemes. The results show that fast non-selective access to the bilingual lexicon is conditioned by the communicative context. Importantly, a range of variables are statistically controlled in the regression analyses, including word predictability indexed by the conditional probability of each word.
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THRANE, TORBEN. "Breakstructures". Journal of Linguistics 39, n.º 2 (julio de 2003): 327–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226702001998.
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Addressing current generative concerns over the Left Periphery of clause structure, this paper proposes a categorial distinction, based on the choice of value for the feature [±FINITE], between two functional heads, C° and Top°, which project into CP and TopP, respectively. The choice is responsible for a principled distinction between structural (TopP) and rhetorical (CP) topicalization. Primary data are Det-clefts, Hv-clefts and so-called sikke-expressions in Danish. The latter are peripheral to the core of Danish grammar, but are nevertheless – or perhaps therefore – a mine of evidence for the distinction argued for. Criterial evidence is a conjunction of three diagnostics: lack of V2 word order, so-called ‘pleonastic’ complementizers and the syntactic behaviour of expletive der. It is argued that normal (left) movement principles cannot account for the sharing of information between the Specifier and the Complement of Top°. Instead, two possibilities for interpretation are tentatively explored, involving various kinds of Right Periphery phenomena. Since the Specifier and the Complement of Top° each provides the structural basis for independent, clause-like utterances, TopPs are seen as clear cases of BREAKSTRUCTURES.
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PEDERSEN, BOLETTE SANDFORD. "Using shallow linguistic analysis to improve search on Danish compounds". Natural Language Engineering 13, n.º 1 (9 de junio de 2006): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324906004256.
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In this paper we focus on a specific search-related query expansion topic, namely search on Danish compounds and expansion to some of their synonymous phrases. Compounds constitute a specific issue in search, in particular in languages where they are written in one word, as is the case for Danish and the other Scandinavian languages. For such languages, expansion of the query compound into separate lemmas is a way of finding the often frequent alternative synonymous phrases in which the content of a compound can also be expressed. However, it is crucial to note that the number of irrelevant hits is generally very high when using this expansion strategy. The aim of this paper is therefore to examine how we can obtain better search results on split compounds, partly by looking at the internal structure of the original compound, partly by analyzing the context in which the split compound occurs. In this context, we pursue two hypotheses: (1) that some categories of compounds are more likely to have synonymous ‘split’ counterparts than others; and (2) that search results where both the search words (obtained by splitting the compound) occur in the same noun phrase, are more likely to contain a synonymous phrase to the original compound query. The search results from 410 enhanced compound queries are used as a test bed for our experiments. On these search results, we perform a shallow linguistic analysis and introduce a new, linguistically based threshold for retrieved hits. The results obtained by using this strategy demonstrate that compound splitting combined with a shallow linguistic analysis focusing on the argument structure of the compound head as well as on the recognition of NPs, can improve search by substantially bringing down the number of irrelevant hits.