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Bhattarai, Kumar y Balaram Pathak. "Street Vending, Income Generation and Poverty Implication: The Case of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal". Quest Journal of Management and Social Sciences 2, n.º 2 (15 de diciembre de 2020): 194–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/qjmss.v2i2.33269.
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Background: Street vending, like other informal activities, contributes to employment generation. For many people, it is a source of income and thus has a poverty implication for street vendors.
Objective: The major objective of this study is to analyze the poverty implication of street vending in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. The specific objectives are: to measure the net business income of street vendors, to determine factors influencing street vendors’ net business income and to analyze the poverty implication of street vending in the Kathmandu Valley.
Methods: The study was based on the analytical approach, where the net business income of street vendors was measured, factors influencing net business income of street vendors were determined and the potential role of street vending on poverty reduction in Kathmandu Valley was analyzed. Factors influencingnet business income of street vendors were identified by applying regression analysis. For this, cross-sectional data were collected from randomly selected 450 street vendors of five locations of the Kathmandu Valley, i.e. Balaju, Lagankhel, Kalanki, Ratnapark and Suryabinayak. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire.The poverty implication of street vending was analyzed by using the consumption approach, wheremeasurement was done about whetherconsumption ofstreet vendors, which was covered by their net business income, was above the poverty line of the Kathmandu Valley.
Results: Average monthly net business income of street vendors was Rs 22,500. Educational level, experience, sales and working hours per day were the factors influencing net business income of street vendors. 54% ofstreet vendors were found to have consumption above the poverty line which was covered by their net business income. Furthermore, it was found that if respondents were not involved in street vending; only 42% of respondents could have consumption above the poverty line which could be covered by their income from other jobs/professions.
Conclusions: The study concludes that majority of people, who dostreet vendingin the Kathmandu Valley,come from low income family background. Street vending plays an important role to provide employment to the people belonging to socially and economically marginalized groups of the society.However, at the same time, street vendingalso creates problems like overcrowding on the roadsides, environmental pollution due to the generation of wasteduring street vending, and so on. So,the focus should be on shifting street vendors to the formal sectors in the long-term.
Implications: As street vending is a source of income for thousands of socially and economically mariginalized groups and has poverty implications, it should not be viewed just as a problem of the street. If it is managed properly, it contributes tothe livelihood of thousands of people and provides goods and services at a cheaper price to low-income consumers.
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Hampel, David, Kateřina Jůzová y Martina Matulíková. "Credit rating calibration". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, n.º 2 (2012): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260020079.
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In this paper we deal with determination of chosen characteristics of vending business in the Czech Republic. Vending seems to be dynamically developing sector of economics. A strong competition is present in this market. This can be a reason that new ideas of improvement appear continuously. Primary data are used to characterize vending business from the perspective of consumer as well as vending operator. The data are used as input to statistical tests; results are summarized and presented in economic terms. At first, survey (about 600 respondents) is analyzed in empirical way. It is informative in such sense, that vending machines are used by majority of users, more often in school or workplace. The main reasons of using vending machines are speed of shopping and no other shopping possibility. Further part is devoted to comparison of prices under different situations. For example, there are differences among various vending machine locations. Vending machine prices are not necessarily higher than prices in shops or cafeterias. Finally, operator profitability is explored based on company internal data. Among others, hot drinks vending machines are more profitable than vending machines selling bottled beverages of packaged food in general.
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Yu., Biliavska y Mykytenko N. "VENDING IN THE CONVENTION OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC EXPERIENCE". Scientific Bulletin of Kherson State University. Series Economic Sciences, n.º 40 (24 de diciembre de 2020): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2307-8030/2020-40-2.
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The article is devoted to the essence and specifics of such a modern form of trade organization as vending. It has been proven that in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, trade through vending machines acquires special importance as a safe contactless technology of public service. Today, in a pandemic and rapid changes in retail, category and product management is more important than ever. There are significant changes in the activities of trade enterprises due to the fact that the way of thinking of consumers has become different. In response to these unprecedented shifts in consumer demand, retailers need to prioritize effective adaptation to changes in their product range and store space planning. The world experience of vending machines application is researched and the assortment of vending pro-ducts in the world is reviewed. The tendencies of development of vending business in the context of volume and structure of the domestic market are estimated, and also locations of vending machines and regional distribution of vending business in Ukraine are investigated. The analysis of advantages and limitations of domestic vending business under modern conditions is carried out. Prospects for further development of vending in Ukraine in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic are also outlined. These types of changes are best done with vending. Management of product categories in vending machines should play a critical role, as responding to changes in consumer demand is a key element of business efficiency. Recently, we have seen large fluctuations in consumer demand, as basic goods, immune boosters, hygiene, anti-virus and safety products are given priority, while luxury goods are relegated to the background. The different types of vending machines can be categorized into product-oriented and serviceoriented machines. Product-oriented vending machines offer both cold and hot food as well as nonfood items. Vending has become a kind of communication language of the new generation between producers and retailers in the field of consumer goods, which allows to meet the needs of consumers in the most efficient way.Keywords: vending, vending machines, vending market, vending operators, contactless technologies, pandemic, COVID-19. У статті визначено сутність та специфіка такої сучасної форми організації торгівлі, як вендинг. Доведено, що за умов пандемії COVID-19 торгівля через торговельні автомати набуває особливої важливості як безпечна безконтактна технологія обслуговування населення. Досліджено світовий досвід застосування вендингових автоматів та зроблено огляд асортименту вендингової продукції в світі. Оцінено тенденції розвитку вендингового бізнесу в розрізі обсягу та структури вітчизняного ринку, а також досліджено місця розташування торгових автоматів та регіональний розподіл вендингового бізнесу в Україні. Проведено аналіз переваг та обмежень вітчизняного вендингового бізнесу за сучасних умов. Також окреслено перспективи подальшого розвитку вендингу в Україні за умов пандемії COVID-19.Ключові cлова: вендинг, торговельні автомати, вендинговий ринок, вендинг-оператори, безконтактні технології, пандемія, COVID-19.
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Giraldo, Mario, Luis Garcia-Tello y Steven William Rayburn. "Street vending: transformative entrepreneurship for individual and collective well-being". Journal of Services Marketing 34, n.º 6 (26 de agosto de 2020): 757–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-08-2019-0322.
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Purpose This study aims to explore the lived experience of vendors as they enact street vending practice that emerges as transformative entrepreneurship and service where they live and work. Design/methodology/approach This research qualitatively explores street vending in a multi-cultural, multi-local study to understand how these businesses operate to positively impact individual, collective and societal well-being. Findings This research reveals street vending is a creative, transformative entrepreneurial activity that improves individual and collective well-being. The research exposes multiple forms of habitual and transformative value delivered by vendors, resulting in improved eudaimonic and hedonic well-being that ripples out from vendors to families, communities and society. Research limitations/implications A framework of street vending practice is provided to guide service designers and policymakers as they seek to support street vendors as they move from informal to formal and from survival to growth business modes. Originality/value This research extends existing conceptualizations of transformative entrepreneurship beyond prior focus on economic transformation and prior limitations of transformative entrepreneurship to business in growth modes.
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Marutha, Khomotso J. y Paul K. Chelule. "Safe Food Handling Knowledge and Practices of Street Food Vendors in Polokwane Central Business District". Foods 9, n.º 11 (28 de octubre de 2020): 1560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9111560.
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Street food vending is a common business practice in most South African cities. However, street vended foods may be a source of foodborne illnesses if their handling is not well regulated and executed. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and practices regarding food safety by street food vendors in the Polokwane central business district. This was a quantitative descriptive study where a structured questionnaire was used to collect self-reported data from street food vendors. A checklist was used to collect observed data from the vending site on vendor practices and status of the vending environment. A total of 312 vendors participated in the study, most being young females aged below 40 years (62%), single (51.2%) with less than six years of trade experience (58.3%). Although the level of knowledge was high, safe food handling practices were mostly inadequate. Most vendors operated their businesses in the open air and tents (66.2%). Vending experience significantly correlated with safe food handling practices (p < 0.05). It is significantly riskier to sell cooked rather than uncooked food in the street. Lack of resources like water and a healthy environment negatively affected food handling practices. Health promotion on food safety is recommended for street vendors.
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Парасоцкая, Н., N. Parasotskaya, А. Ким y A. Kim. "Foreign experience of vending". Auditor 3, n.º 10 (2 de noviembre de 2017): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_59e5b49a050874.09641688.
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Th e article considers the concept of vending business and compares vending abroad and in Russia. Particular attention is paid to the advantages and disadvantages of this type of product realization, directions of the industry development.
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Min, Xu Guang, Guang Zhen Li y Tao Wan. "Improve on the Ticket Vending Machine for the Railway". Advanced Materials Research 422 (diciembre de 2011): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.422.35.
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The automatic ticket vending machine that referred to in this paper is innovative, either from the structure, function or principle, it is fundamentally different from the tradition vending machine. It is a combination of reading card technology in industry and business, especially designed a special answer-sheet. Each card costs RMB 0.1 Yuan or less. Passengers use the purchasing ticket card in the automatic ticket vending machine, which is the rapid and intelligent process of obtaining the ticket, and greatly reducing the time in the tradition automatic ticket vending machine.
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Abagissa, Jemal. "Street Businesses in Addis Ababa: Causes, Consequences and Administrative Interventions". Journal of Governance and Development (JGD) 16, Number 1 (30 de junio de 2020): 69–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jgd2020.16.1.4.
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Street vending has long been a source of debate among development economists. It has been argued that direct government intervention that aids this sector will encourage rural to urban migration. Others have argued that this sector deserves government help as often more than 50% of the urban labour force is employed by this sector. This study is designed to assess the causes, consequences and administrative interventions of street vending in Addis Ababa with particular reference to Yeka sub-city. Data were collected from randomly selected samples of 330 street vendors, 14 code enforcers and 9 government officials through questionnaires and interview of key respondents. The finding shows most of the traders came from outside Addis Ababa in search of jobs. Street vending proliferated as a way of life and a coping mechanism adopted by those economically under privileged segment of the society. Factors that led to street vending were complex and varied. According to the findings, absence of opportunity in the formal sector was the main factor that led the operators to street vending. This is followed by the need to support their family and themselves. The authorities stated that unless managed well street vending will have negative impact on traffic movement, encroach on public space and create unfair completion with formal businesses. To mitigate these problems the city administration has issued street vending regulation No. 5 in 2018 so that specific vending plots are allocated and the vendors need to do their business legally and those who fail to follow the rules will be dealt with by the law.
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Gross, Andrew C. "The information vending machine". Business Horizons 31, n.º 1 (enero de 1988): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0007-6813(88)90037-7.
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Vusumuzi Nani, Gwendoline. "A synthesis of changing patterns in the demographic profiles of urban street vendors in Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe". Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, n.º 3 (27 de septiembre de 2016): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(3-2).2016.11.
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Street vending is a phenomenon that has been in existence for hundreds of years. It has since increased owing to economic challenges experienced, especially in developing countries. This article sought to highlight changing patterns in the demographic profiles of urban street vendors in Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe through a desk research study. The aim was to sensitize local governments, particularly in Zimbabwe, to develop appropriate policies in line with changing patterns in the demographic profiles of urban street vendors. Findings revealed that there has been an increase in the number of single and married women in urban street vending; more young people have joined this practice and more educated people are also part of urban street vendors. The study concluded that street vending is a dynamic phenomenon with changes having been noticed in gender, marital status, age and level of education of urban street vendors. Recommendations were that local governments need to re-visit policies pertaining to planning for urban street vending in line with the changing circumstances. Keywords: changing patterns, urban street vending, dynamic phenomenon, qualitative analysis. JEL Classification: P25, C13
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Walsh, John. "Business strategies used by Micro-SMEs in a Bangkok street market". Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 8, n.º 2 (6 de mayo de 2014): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-02-2013-0001.
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Purpose – This paper aims to report on research aimed at determining the nature of business strategies employed by micro small and medium-sized street vendors in a local market area in Bangkok. Design/methodology/approach – The research consisted of a longitudinal study of the defined research site, involving ethnographic interaction and observation mediated by the use of a research diary. Findings – The research found that the use of business strategies was quite limited and varied in line with the street vendor's relationships with other actors and business practitioners. Research limitations/implications – The research was deliberately limited in terms of space and is ongoing in terms of time. Additional areas of Bangkok will also be studied for comparative purposes. Practical implications – Street vending and markets offer valuable opportunities for informal employment and for part-time employment to provide additional income generation for the working poor. Vendors also help sustain a decent standard of living for migrant workers. Social implications – Street vending of this sort reflects the nature of underlying changes in urban life: the building of new mass transit routes, the opening of condominiums in place of shop houses and the flourishing of the frozen food industry. Many street vendors are mobile and flexible but not all of them. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the literature on street vending and urban micro-entrepreneurs and will be of interest not just to scholars of business but also in planning for social policy and urban management.
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Huang, Gengzhi, Hong-ou Zhang y Desheng Xue. "Beyond unemployment: Informal employment and heterogeneous motivations for participating in street vending in present-day China". Urban Studies 55, n.º 12 (7 de septiembre de 2017): 2743–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017722738.
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The proliferation of urban street vending in developing countries is generally viewed as being as a result of unemployment. Using a theoretical approach based on mainstream perspectives on informal employment and first-hand material from 200 semi-structured vendor interviews in Guangzhou, we challenge this view by revealing the heterogeneity of people’s motivations for participating in street vending in present-day China. Various types of labourers, including wage workers, farmers, the unemployed and small businesspeople, participate in street vending with diverse motivations, but in a common attempt to improve their livelihoods. Such motivations are driven both by the labourers’ responses to multiple socio-economic forces including unemployment, the low quality of waged jobs, rural poverty, the difficulties of maintaining a formal business and the poor remuneration of jobs in cities, and by their desire to achieve autonomy and flexibility. Street vending is mainly argued to be an effective strategy of ordinary labourers to cope with the unfavourable situations they face amidst socio-economic transformation. It should not be seen as a problem, but a potential part of the solution to the problems arising from socio-economic transformation in post-reform China.
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Mando, Joseph. "ROLE OF COOKED FOOD VENDING IN URBAN AREAS". Journal of Food Sciences 2, n.º 1 (1 de agosto de 2021): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jfs.623.
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Purpose: The patronage of street food is familiar in many countries where unemployment level is high, salaries are low, work opportunities and social programmes are limited and where urbanization is taking place. The general objective of the study was to establish role of cooked food vending in urban areas.
Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.
Findings: The study concludes that income levels influenced the frequency of consumption of cooked food. An income allowed vendees the opportunity to purchase food from the street conveniently since the food was cheap. Foods offered were those that took longer to cook (therefore needed much fuel) and those which were involving in preparation for example chapatti and mandazi (buns). Vendees of cooked foods were mainly single men (71.9 %) who were more comfortable buying cooked foods from the streets as they found ready-to-eat food not only cheap but also convenient. Additionally they viewed cooking as a women’s domain, thus preferred cooked food in street, as it was ready to eat.
Recommendations: There is need for government to be supportive to this sector by providing the vendors with appropriate facilities where they can carry out their business, including well-designed shelters and ample supply of potable water. This should be done in consultation with the vendors in order to develop user-friendly sites. The cooked food vendors should be empowered. This can be done by offering the vendors affordable loans to expand their business and training them on issues pertaining to their business like bookkeeping and management of accounts as well as how to save and re-invest profits made
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Rajabu, Nasibu. "Exploring Street Vendors Characteristics and Social-Economic Significance in Mwanza Tanzania". Journal of Business and Management Review 3, n.º 3 (20 de marzo de 2022): 208–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47153/jbmr33.3382022.
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The street vending business is an important employment opportunity in African cities. Millions of youths, less educated, women, and the poor make their living through selling on the street. Despite being important, little is known regarding their typologies, social-economic importance, and challenges hence difficult to design contextualized interventions for improving their economic wellbeing. This paper is exploring the nature, characteristics, and typologies of street vendors in Mwanza Tanzania. Data was collected from 396 respondents through qualitative and quantitative techniques. The findings show who are the street vendors, their importance in economic growth, and the challenges confronting their activities. From these findings, different interventions can be engineered to improve their businesses. The government and development stakeholders need to rethink the best approach of accommodating street vending and other informal activities to the formal economy. This is important because the number of street vendors is increasing every day due to a fall informal employment, rural street migration, and unattractive productivity in the agricultural sector.
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Mramba, Nasibu. "Moving towards the social inclusion for street vendors in Tanzania: Current situation and perspectives". International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 11, n.º 2 (22 de marzo de 2022): 296–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i2.1596.
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The street vending business is an ancient type of informal economy found everywhere in the developing world. Street vendors are essential because they create employment, livelihood, income, and distribute low-priced goods. However, despite their importance, street vendors are socially excluded from the mainstream economic structure hence becoming marginalized and victims of the law, policies and regulations. This research explores street vendors' social exclusion domains in Tanzania and investigates strategies for mitigating such exclusion. The study used qualitative data collected from street vendors, policymakers, and non-government organizations in the street vending business. The results show that street vendors are excluded in many domains, including legal, financial, participation in urban planning, taxation, and access to a business location. The study identified different strategies to bring the social inclusion of street vendors. The findings inform the ongoing debate on bringing the inclusion of the informal sector and making it responsive for economic growth and poverty reduction. The findings imply that, unless the root that causes social exclusion and discrimination are addressed, it will challenge to achieve street vendors' growth and poverty reduction.
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Yunita, A. S. y I. Pangaribuan. "Vending Machine Business as a Solution to Feminine Hygiene Products Necessary". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 662 (20 de noviembre de 2019): 032017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/662/3/032017.
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Olubukola, Ehinmowo, Simon-Oke O. Olayemi, Fatuase I. Adewale y Ojo O. Silvester. "Determinants of Technical Efficiency and Income Inequality of Food Vending as a Family Business in Southwest Nigeria". Global Business Review 18, n.º 6 (1 de septiembre de 2017): 1412–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150917713065.
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This study examines the determinants of technical efficiency (TE) and income inequality of family business in southwest Nigeria. Data were obtained from primary source using structured questionnaire and interview schedule. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed in selecting 120 respondents for the study. Analyses were carried out using descriptive statistics, Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve as well as the stochastic frontier production function models. The results revealed that experience, educational level, household size and method of processing were the main determinants of TE of the respondents. Results further showed that food vending was in Stage II of production surface as shown by the returns to scale (RTS) of 0.776. The variables such as cost of raw materials, labour, operating expenses, depreciation cost on equipment and duration of the business were effectively allocated and used, which was also confirmed by the estimated coefficient value of each variable between zero and unity. The technical efficiency of food vending also varied between 0.44 and 0.69 with a mean of 0.52. However, the analysis of inefficiency model revealed a positive response of age factor. This implies that age factor led to decrease in TE of food vending in the study area. Also, the result of the Gini coefficient (0.58) indicated the presence of income inequality among the food vendors which was also affirmed by the Lorenz curve. The study therefore concludes that experience, educational level, household size, age factor and processing method were the main determinants of technical efficiency and uneven income distribution among the food vendors in the study area.
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Kukla, Radovan, Jiří Šťastný y Jan Kolomazník. "System for automatic crate recognition". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, n.º 2 (2012): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260020151.
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This contribution describes usage of computer vision and artificial intelligence methods for application. The method solves abuse of reverse vending machine. This topic has been solved as innovation voucher for the South Moravian Region. It was developed by Mendel university in Brno (Department of informatics – Faculty of Business and Economics and Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Engineering – Faculty of Agronomy) together with the Czech subsidiary of Tomra. The project is focused on a possibility of integration industrial cameras and computers to process recognition of crates in the verse vending machine. The aim was the effective security system that will be able to save hundreds-thousands financial loss. As suitable development and runtime platform there was chosen product ControlWeb and VisionLab developed by Moravian Instruments Inc.
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Munoz, Lorena. "Cultural gentrification: Gourmet and Latinx immigrant food trucks vendors in Los Angeles". Journal of Urban Cultural Studies 6, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2019): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jucs_00005_1.
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By focusing on Latinx immigrant food truck vendors in Los Angeles, this article calls to rethink and expand how we understand gentrification as a mechanism of neo-liberal redevelopment ideologies in space by extending these spatial understandings of gentrifying processes not only as physical spatial displacement but also as a way to exclude meanings and histories of marginalized populations. These exclusions contribute to a racialized mobile food vending hierarchy, dialectically produced through urban policies that actively further urban inequalities, resulting in what I call cultural gentrification. I argue that cultural gentrification can occur through commodification of cultural economic forms like mobile food vending by the urban truck revolution phenomena. Although these gentrification processes do not entail physical displacement of a group of people by another group, since Latinx taco trucks and street vendors do not sell in the same areas as gourmet food trucks, they do create barriers, exclusions and invisibilities that maintain racialized mobile food vending hierarchies through urban policies that actively further urban inequalities. The study draws on qualitative research undertaken in Los Angeles intermittently from 2004 to 2013 of Latinx food truck vendors, gourmet food truck vendors, local-state actors and business owners key informants.
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ODAFIVWOTU, OHWO. "INFORMAL WATER VENDING IN YENAGOA, BAYELSA STATE , NIGERIA". WILBERFORCE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES 2, n.º 1 (10 de marzo de 2017): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/wjss/7102.20.0150.
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The aim of this study was to examine the pattern of informal water vending in Yenagoa metropolis. The study adopted the survey design, which involved field observation and the administration of two sets of 100 and 400 questionnaires, which were administered to water vendors and households respectively, in ten randomly selected communities, using the systematic sampling technique. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that 61.30% of households depended on informal water vendors for their water supply, as 59.48% of households do not have water connection. However, the activities of the informal vendors were not well appreciated and regulated by government. This also influenced households’ poor rating of their services. The water vending business was more prominent in areas that were occupied by the less privileged, which lack public water utility, thus validating the underclass hypothesis. It is recommended that government should integrate informal water vendors into the mainstream of water provision in the town by establishing a legal regulatory framework, which would help to achieve safe and affordable water supply to the inhabitants.
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Tomnay, Jane E. y Beth Hatch. "Council-supported condom vending machines: are they acceptable to rural communities?" Sexual Health 10, n.º 5 (2013): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh13050.
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BackgroundTwenty-four hour access to condoms for young people living in rural Victoria is problematic for many reasons, including the fact that condom vending machines are often located in venues and places they cannot access. Method: We partnered with three rural councils to install condom vending machines in locations that provided improved access to condoms for local young people. Councils regularly checked the machines, refilled the condoms and retrieved the money. They also managed the maintenance of the machine and provided monthly data. Results: In total, 1153 condoms were purchased over 12 months, with 924 (80%) obtained from male toilets and 69% (801 out of 1153) purchased in the second half of the study. Revenue of $2626.10 (AUD) was generated and no negative feedback from residents was received by any council nor was there any negative reporting by local media. Vandalism, tampering or damage occurred at all sites; however, only two significant episodes of damage required a machine to be sent away for repairs. Conclusions: Condom vending machines installed in rural towns in north-east Victoria are accessible to young people after business hours, are cost-effective for councils and have not generated any complaints from residents. The machines have not suffered unrepairable damage and were used more frequently as the study progressed.
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NUNOKAWA, Hiroshi y Kiwamu SATO. "The Analysis of the Works of Route Man in Beverage Vending Machine Business". Transactions of Japan Society of Kansei Engineering 15, n.º 4 (2016): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5057/jjske.tjske-d-16-00036.
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Sekhani, Richa, Deepanshu Mohan y Sneha Roy. "Inclusive Urban Eco-systems". Asian Journal of Social Science 47, n.º 4-5 (19 de noviembre de 2019): 581–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685314-04704008.
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Abstract Informality, associated with street vendors, is now seen as a generalised mode of metropolitan urbanisation. Street vendors form an important part of several economies around the world and are seen as a vital source of livelihood and employment opportunity for the low-skilled, lower-income class of the population. A closer understanding of profiles of street vendors and the nature of complexities present in the business of street vending—studied through the supply chain processes of product procurement and distribution—helps one in observing an entwined relationship between what are perceived as “informal” or “formal” in the urban ecosystem. This study on street vendors working across Kolkata emphasises the need to adopt an inclusive view to urban “informal” arrangements, providing a comprehensive picture in identified local market spaces. Our research focuses on two critical aspects: (a) capturing samples of oral account(s) from merchants/vendors operating in local markets across Kolkata, and (b) gauging the supply-chain (inventory) process of products procured and sold by street vendors in these markets. The observations made from the field help highlight the complexities present in studying urban supply-chain processes—especially street vending businesses—that form the core of most urban metropolises in cities (such as Kolkata) and are representative of the Global South.
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Kok, R. "Street Food Vending and Hygiene Practices and Implications for Consumers". Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 6, n.º 3 (30 de marzo de 2014): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v6i3.482.
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Street food vending has and is becoming globally a convenient and in most cases an essential service. Lifestyle changes and socio economic factors creates very little space for consumers to look at other alternatives one of which would be to prepare one’s own meal. Street food therefore becomes an easy and economic means to acquire prepared food. Safe hygiene practices should become integral to the vendor as the product will be consumed by people of all ages and many may be vulnerable to poor quality food. The street food vendor in turn relies on this service as a means of employment and income generation. The competition between vendors is increased and the pressure to cut corners becomes a reality and one significant corner is appropriate hygiene practices. The practice of appropriate hygiene practices is also as a result of total ignorance of many vendors and the nature of the food that they prepare. The paper explores lessons from various countries in respect of dealing with ensuring good hygiene practices of street food vendors and its usefulness to the South African perspective. One such initiative is the programme launched by the India’s Food Safety and Standards Authority and the National Association of Street Vendors of India. South African street food industry is rapidly increasing in size and proportion. Several studies have been undertaken to look at this operation from various perspectives including hygiene practices and small business. Employment creation has become a national imperative of the country and small business development is seen as a significant component to employment creation. This paper sets out to establish the global practices in street food vending from a hygiene perspective and its relevance to the South African context.
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Wang, Yi, Hong Yan Xue, Yi Quan Su y Zhao Yang Yan. "Interaction Strategy of Oil and Non-Oil Business in Oil Sales Field". Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (febrero de 2013): 3257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.3257.
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With oil sale industry becomes competitive fiercely, profit of Gas station oil product retail link tends to drop, while non oil business is in the vigorous development these years. In the gas station business, sales of refined oil and non-oil business can promote each other by ways of marketing strategy, which includes reasonable arrangement of categories of products and services, scientific and reasonable pricing strategy, the implementation of effective incentives, .these strategy can play a role of the leverage by which oil sales can promote non oil business, and Vice versa. Gas station non-oil business refers to the business outside of refined oil business, including convenience stores, restaurants, car wash, car, oil, auto sales, advertising agency, telephone, communication services, ATM machines, ticket sales, vending machines etc,Non-oil business development is extension of oil retail business development, is accompanied by the petroleum retail business development and derived products, can meet customer needs and improve business competitiveness on the basis of a plurality .
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Biliavskyi, Valentyn y Yuliia Biliavska. "THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE VENDING BUSINESS". Scientific Notes of Ostroh Academy National University, "Economics" Series 1, n.º 20(48) (24 de marzo de 2021): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2311-5149-2021-20(48)-31-37.
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У статті визначено сутність та досліджено особливості використання такої сучасної форми організації торгівлі, як вендинг. Доведено, що за умов пандемії COVID-19 торгівля через автомати набуває особливого значення як безпечна (безконтактна) технологія обслуговування населення. В роботі досліджено типи та сегменти споживачів, що готові купувати товари через вендингові автомати. Оцінено тенденції розвитку вендингового бізнесу (в розрізі обсягу та структури вітчизняного ринку). Також, окреслено перспективи подальшого розвитку вендингу в Україні за умов локдауну.
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Khan, Eijaz Ahmed. "An investigation of marketing capabilities of informal microenterprises". International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 37, n.º 3/4 (11 de abril de 2017): 186–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-09-2015-0094.
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Purpose Marketing capabilities of large- and medium-sized enterprise is well understood and focused, but little research has been done on microenterprise, especially in informal sector microenterprise. The purpose of this paper is to investigate what are the marketing capabilities of informal microenterprises (IMs) that could be sources of competitive performance. Design/methodology/approach At first, a literature review and pilot study was used to develop a list of marketing capabilities of IM street food vending. Then a quantitative approach was undertaken where questionnaire was developed and distributed to 42 street food vendors and 52 customers in Bangkok, Thailand. The collected data were analyzed using a descriptive statistic, principle component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and k-mean clustering technique. Findings Analysis revealed that IM street food vending has some unique marketing capabilities compared to formal restaurant. From the vendors’ point of view, it was found that cheaper pricing and quicker food delivery were the major contributors. On the other hand, from the customer point of view, convenient location, flexible business hours, fulfill customer food requirements, and cooking demonstration were noted significant. Social implications Policy makers and development agencies could be developed using various policy strategies such as business development support services as a tool to support IM operators. Originality/value This study provides a first step toward marketing capabilities of IM and makes several contributions to the literature.
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Widiastini, Ni Made Ary, I. Wayan Ardika y I. Gede Mudana. "A Defense of Local People Working as Souvenir Vendors and Its Relation with the Female Identity in Kintamani Tourism Area, Bali". Jurnal Humaniora 30, n.º 2 (8 de junio de 2018): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.32196.
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Souvenir vending is one of the jobs done by poor people in tourist areas such as Batur Tengah Village or better known as Penelokan, Kintamani, Bangli Regency, Bali to make their family survive. However, the souvenir vendors’ existence is not only considered by tourism businesses as unacceptable, but it is also regarded as a major factor that hampers the development of tourism in Kintamani. In fact, the Bali Local Regulation No. 2 of 2012 on Cultural Tourism explicitly emphasizes that the development of Bali’s tourism is aimed to encourage an equal distribution of business opportunities and to obtain maximum benefits for the welfare of the community. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the reasons why the informal sector (souvenir vending) is used as the basis of the family economy, what is the practice of souvenir vending which has become the basis of the family economy, and also what is the struggle for vendor space in the Kintamani tourism area and its relation with the female identity. In this study, several techniques were used such as observations, interviews, and literature study to collect data. Research results show that the people in the Batur Tengah village choose to work as souvenir vendors because of their limited economic capital, education, skills, and time due to other life burdens, especially for those who are already married. In the Kintamani tourism area, souvenir vendors have to interact with various parties which certainly involves a capital struggle because each party has a different interest. As a famous international tourism area which has become a global Geopark, this area is highly contested for its economic, social, cultural, political, and environmental values. Researchers found a new paradigm that shows souvenir vending to be one form of entrepreneurship in a tourism field which is responded to by the people as a multi-purpose industry. The utilization of the informal sector is considered a family economic base by women in the village of Batur Tengah. Married woman are obligated to provide for their families hence they struggle as souvenir vendors in the middle of the tourism competition which has become more strict and less accommodative due to the new government policy. In practice, the community is very obedient to the elite community leaders who are considered as patrons, both by the men and women vendors. Other options to support their families are now very few and becoming less as the tourism areas are becoming more popular.
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Widiastini, Ni Made Ary, I. Wayan Ardika y I. Gede Mudana. "A Defense of Local People Working as Souvenir Vendors and Its Relation with the Female Identity in Kintamani Tourism Area, Bali". Jurnal Humaniora 30, n.º 2 (8 de junio de 2018): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.v30i2.32196.
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Souvenir vending is one of the jobs done by poor people in tourist areas such as Batur Tengah Village or better known as Penelokan, Kintamani, Bangli Regency, Bali to make their family survive. However, the souvenir vendors’ existence is not only considered by tourism businesses as unacceptable, but it is also regarded as a major factor that hampers the development of tourism in Kintamani. In fact, the Bali Local Regulation No. 2 of 2012 on Cultural Tourism explicitly emphasizes that the development of Bali’s tourism is aimed to encourage an equal distribution of business opportunities and to obtain maximum benefits for the welfare of the community. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the reasons why the informal sector (souvenir vending) is used as the basis of the family economy, what is the practice of souvenir vending which has become the basis of the family economy, and also what is the struggle for vendor space in the Kintamani tourism area and its relation with the female identity. In this study, several techniques were used such as observations, interviews, and literature study to collect data. Research results show that the people in the Batur Tengah village choose to work as souvenir vendors because of their limited economic capital, education, skills, and time due to other life burdens, especially for those who are already married. In the Kintamani tourism area, souvenir vendors have to interact with various parties which certainly involves a capital struggle because each party has a different interest. As a famous international tourism area which has become a global Geopark, this area is highly contested for its economic, social, cultural, political, and environmental values. Researchers found a new paradigm that shows souvenir vending to be one form of entrepreneurship in a tourism field which is responded to by the people as a multi-purpose industry. The utilization of the informal sector is considered a family economic base by women in the village of Batur Tengah. Married woman are obligated to provide for their families hence they struggle as souvenir vendors in the middle of the tourism competition which has become more strict and less accommodative due to the new government policy. In practice, the community is very obedient to the elite community leaders who are considered as patrons, both by the men and women vendors. Other options to support their families are now very few and becoming less as the tourism areas are becoming more popular.
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Zingkhai, Masot y Sarita Anand. "Women Food Vendors in the Hills of Manipur: An Empirical Study". Asian Review of Social Sciences 8, n.º 1 (5 de febrero de 2019): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2019.8.1.1538.
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Ukhrul a hill district in Manipur State, India was selected for a study of women food vendors. One of the key objectives of the study was to find out the many reasons that drive them into food vending venture and to draw a light upon their everyday struggle. Purposive sampling method was used for the study. The investigator used in-depth interview method with the help of structured interview schedule. The leading factor that came up when looked into the reason that drives them into this business was for them to be able to provide for their family livelihood. Most of the women belonged to a less privilege backgrounds and for them to be able to have a means to make available the needs for their family and be independent financially is a strong hold of empowerment and motivation. Poor educational background and lack of other employment opportunities compel most of these women to look for an occupation like food vending that does not require much start-up capital and requires little or no educational qualification. Major management of their family needs was met by their income. Food variety and availability for their own family consumption significantly magnifies when women enters this venture. The major challenges experience by them in their business was their constant everyday struggle to get profit from their perishable food items before they get spoiled while keeping up with their fellow competitors. Dealing with complains and disapproval of occupation of certain space by permanent shop keepers and local authorities are also their common struggle. They make the food preferred by the people in the region easily available in the street at cheap affordable prices and making the street effortlessly lively as well with their presence. But yet their contribution for the society in which they exist still seems to be invisible or ignored in general with hardly any provision of basic facilities such as vending sheds or toilets, etc. Measures to meet their basic necessities and improving their social security, needs to be urgently addressed by the concerned authorities.
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Desvia, Yessica Fara, Rosadi Rosadi, Frieyadie Frieyadie, Tuti Haryanti y Windu Gata. "Penerapan Finite State Automata Pada Vending Machine Parfum Laundry Pakaian". BINA INSANI ICT JOURNAL 8, n.º 2 (13 de diciembre de 2021): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.51211/biict.v8i2.1564.
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Abstrak: Parfum banyak digemari oleh berbagai kalangan, salah satunya adalah parfum laundry. Parfum laundry memiliki berbagai macam varian aroma, meliputi aroma buah, aroma bunga, aroma perpaduan buah dan bunga, dan aroma kayu-kayuan. Parfum laundry ini merupakan rangkaian akhir dalam proses laundry. Saat ini pelanggan menerima hasil laundry dengan aroma parfum yang dipilih secara random sesuai ketersediaan pihak laundry, hal ini menjadi masalah karena pelanggan tidak dapat memilih aroma parfum laundry sesuai dengan keinginan mereka. Dengan alasan tersebut maka diperlukan suatu rancangan sebuah Vending Machine (VM), rancangan VM ini menggunakan metode Finite State Automata (FSA) dengan jenis Non-Deterministic Finite Automata (NFA), metode tersebut digunakan karena dapat mengakomodir lebih dari satu kondisi dalam satu pilihan. Metode FSA jenis NFA dibuat dengan tahapan analisa proses bisnis, diagram state, desain VM dan pengujian. Hasil dari penelitian ini dengan adanya VM pemilihan parfum laundry pakaian, maka mempermudah pelanggan untuk dapat memilih parfum laundry sehingga pelanggan memperoleh hasil laundry dengan aroma parfum sesuai pilihan mereka.
Kata kunci: finite state automata, parfum laundry, vending machine
Abstract: Perfume is much favored by various circles, one of which is laundry perfume. Laundry perfume has a wide range of scent variants, including fruity scents, floral scents, fruity floral scents, and woody scents. This laundry perfume is the final line in the laundry process. Currently customers receive laundry results with perfume scents selected randomly according to the availability of the laundry party, this is a problem because customers cannot choose laundry perfume scents according to their wishes. For this reason, it is necessary to design a Vending Machine (VM), this VM design uses the Finite State Automata (FSA) method with the Non-Deterministic Finite Automata (NFA) type, this method is used because it can accommodate more than one condition in one choice. The FSA type of NFA method is made with the stages of business process analysis, state diagrams, VM design and testing. The results of this study with the VM in the selection of clothes laundry perfume, it makes it easier for customers to be able to choose laundry perfumes so that customers get laundry results with the perfume scent of their choice.
Keywords: finite state automata, laundry perfume, vending machine
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Schiller, Anne. "How Do You Solve a Problem Like Saint Orsola?: Urban Space and Neighborhood Renewal in Florence's Historic Center". Human Organization 78, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2019): 288–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/0018-7259.78.4.288.
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Drawing upon results of fieldwork conducted from 2005 to 2018 in Florence, Italy, the article discusses renovation of a medieval convent and other urban renewal activities in the city center. It examines how the projects intersect with broader concerns regarding identity, change, and workways in the San Lorenzo neighborhood. San Lorenzo has deep associations with trade, including outdoor vending. Hundreds of men and women work in its homonymous open-air market. Notwithstanding vending's historical prominence, questions have arisen regarding whether the outdoor market today is an environment congruent with local values and traditions. Some “requalification” proposals call for drastic reductions in vendors' numbers, their transfer to a repurposed convent, or new restrictions. Others presuppose the right of market vendors to remain in place. To address this disjuncture and its implications, the article compares the mission statements and activities of two non-profit associations. The first is composed largely of residents and shop owners, the second of long-time Florentine street vendors. Findings reveal that tourism figures importantly but differently in their experiences and that urban renewal has created opportunities to exercise new forms of social control over micro-business operators who depend on tourism.
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Wongtada, Nittaya. "Street Vending Phenomena: A Literature Review and Research Agenda". Thunderbird International Business Review 56, n.º 1 (27 de diciembre de 2013): 55–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tie.21596.
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Lyons, Michal, Alison Brown y Colman Msoka. "Do Micro Enterprises Benefit from the ‘Doing Business’ Reforms? The Case of Street-Vending in Tanzania". Urban Studies 51, n.º 8 (28 de agosto de 2013): 1593–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098013497412.
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Mahadea, D. "Street vending in the Eastern Cape: Survival strategy or conduit to entrepreneurship?" South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 5, n.º 3 (30 de septiembre de 2002): 625–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v5i3.2745.
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Although South Afiica consistently registered positive economic growth rates since the democratic government took office in 1994, this economic expansion has not been accompanied by a surge of new formal sector jobs. The public and private sectors have been shedding labour, partly in response to globalisation and domestic economic realities. Consequently, more and more individuals are taking to street vending to create jobs for themselves. This article examines the dynamics of street vending and investigates whether it is merely a survival mode of existence or a conduit to formal entrepreneurship. The results of the study indicate that only 15 per cent of the surveyed operators may graduate to formal entrepreneurship in the medium or long term. It seems highly unlikely that a substantial number of high profile entrepreneurs would emerge from this mass of survivalist traders. For most street traders, the informal economy is not a conduit to entrepreneurship, but a survival strategy. From a development perspective, the way forward for street vendors is to transform their ventures into more value-adding operations that can provide sustainable livelihoods for themselves, and in due course jobs for others.
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Mramba, Nasibu Rajabu y Nandera Ernest Mhando. "Moving Towards Decent Work for Street Vendors in Tanzania". Utafiti 15, n.º 2 (18 de diciembre de 2020): 257–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26836408-15020033.
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Abstract Street vending is an important employment opportunity for the millions of youth, women, anyone with very few resources and the least-skilled people in low-income countries. Its popularity is due to the ease of entry into the business as far as costs, legal eligibility, and level of education. Despite their importance to local economies, street vendors operate in challenging environments that limit the productivity, the decency, and the sustainability of this kind of work. Governments should play a central role in improving the quality of work in this sector, particularly in countries where it constitutes a large proportion of the nation’s work force, and provides goods and services to so many people.
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Anupindi, Ravi, Maqbool Dada y Sachin Gupta. "Estimation of Consumer Demand with Stock-Out Based Substitution: An Application to Vending Machine Products". Marketing Science 17, n.º 4 (noviembre de 1998): 406–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.17.4.406.
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Mahopo, TC, CN Nesamvuni, AE Nesamvuni, Melanie De Bruyn y J. Van Niekerk. "Socioeconomic characteristic of street food vending enterprises in the Vhembe district, Limpopo province". Technium Social Sciences Journal 29 (9 de marzo de 2022): 419–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v29i1.5944.
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The street food business is a crucial indirect driver of the economies of developing countries. It ought not to be ignored as most unemployed people turn to it as their primary means of earning a living to improve their lives. We studied the socioeconomic characteristics of the street food enterprises in the Vhembe district, South Africa. A cross-sectional survey of 511 street vendors (18-75 years old) was conducted. The socioeconomic characteristics of vendors in three towns of the Vhembe district were quantified. Data collected included age, gender, educational level, economic profile, factors influencing entry, foods sold, regulatory issues, and input suppliers. The results highlight the dominance (63.1%) of single middle-aged women (35-44 years old) with high school education and few young adults’ participation (4.1%) in the street food enterprise. About 14% of participants migrated from Zimbabwe to seek employment. Many of them (11.4%) reside in Musina. Lack of opportunities (65%) and financial freedom (90.8%) was the primary motivation for entry into the enterprise. Street food enterprises contributed about 82% of the average household income R6 042.66 made from the enterprise per month. About 50% of the street vendors are affiliated with a local organization. The most commonly cooked foods sold were pap (97.1%) served with chicken (88.8%) or beef (68.3%), with others serving with different vegetables (75.3%). The study recommends the prioritization of the establishment of local representative organizations in collaboration with the authorities to serve as gatekeepers for the sector, such as health checks, enforcing enterprise certification, promoting association for lobbying power and internally settling disputes.
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Tiu, Ann Myril Chua, Reciel Ann B. Tanaid, Jonash Oropeza Durano, Esperanza M. Del Fierro, Kafferine D. Yamagishi, Maria Esther Medalla, Dharyll Prince Abellana, Brian J. Galli, Celbert M. Himang y Lanndon Ocampo. "Analytical Evaluation of Food Safety Knowledge and Practices of Street Food Vending in the Philippines". International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology 12, n.º 5 (septiembre de 2021): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssmet.2021090103.
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This study explores the disparity between the food safety knowledge and practices of street food vendors in a developing country. A purposive survey to determine the knowledge and practices of street food vendors was conducted on 36 street food vendors. The food safety knowledge of the street vendors was tested under five factors, as adopted in the literature. Through a chi-square goodness-of-fit test, a disparity between the food safety knowledge and practices of street food vendors was observed. Moreover, a structural modeling technique was adopted to analyze the interrelationships between food safety knowledge factors and practices. As a result, it was found that most of the food safety knowledge impact their counterpart factors on food safety practices. Likewise, such factors on food safety knowledge are crucial in explaining the reported food safety practices. When mapping the food safety knowledge.of the street food vendors to their practices, it was found that street vendors have a high level of food safety knowledge but low in actual practice, as evidenced by poor food handling practices among street food vendors which also significantly differs from the established standards. The results in this study provide crucial insights into the literature in developing a holistic view of the dynamics of street food vending. Moreover, the results may be beneficial to stakeholders as it may aid them in the development of management and policy initiatives that may be crucial in addressing the contemporary issues of street food vending in developing countries.
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Moroz, Miroslaw. "Innovations in e-business – new ways of delivery of food products over the Internet in the opinion of potential customers". Management 16, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2012): 256–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10286-012-0069-6.
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Abstract Innovations in e-business - new ways of delivery of food products over the Internet in the opinion of potential customers According to research online sales of food enjoy bigger and bigger Internet users interest. However, selling online such products isn’t free from logistic costs connected with the necessity of the geographically-spread client on the one hand and an indispensably fast delivery of food on the other hand. This article aims at presenting an innovative Freshbox project that may solve the last mile issue in online grocery. The Freshbox project is about installing a vending machine - refrigerator in an office building giving out previously ordered food products via the Internet. The author presented an analysis of online grocery, characteristics of the Freshbox project, as well as results of research conducted among potential clients referring to the following points: market chances for Freshbox project and the conditions of success in the eyes of potential customers.
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Burdenko, E. V. y G. V. Korolev. "Positive practices of the catering industry of the Russian Federation in the COVID-19 pandemic". Vestnik Universiteta, n.º 5 (6 de julio de 2021): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2021-5-101-108.
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The novelty of the study is the generalization and analysis of statistical data obtained as a result of various sociological and scientific studies on the impact of the COV-ID-19 pandemic on the activities of the public catering sector in the Russian Federation. The authors carried out a study of positive practices that allowed the industry enterprises to continue to operate in self-isolation and improve financial results with the easing of restrictions. Among them are simplified terms for renting premises; sale of finished products by delivery to the direct consumer or pickup; non-standard formats of catering enterprises; restoration of demand for catering; application of new technologies in the process of cooking; introduction of vending machines in the catering industry; cooperation of catering enterprises with the tourism business.
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Ding, Xiaohui, Caihua Chen, Chongshou Li y Andrew Lim. "Product demand estimation for vending machines using video surveillance data: A group-lasso method". Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 150 (junio de 2021): 102335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2021.102335.
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Faris, MoezAlIslam E., Ala'a Al-Bakheit, Hayder Hasan, Leila Cheikh Ismail, Haitham Jahrami, Dina Rajab, Afra Afra Almashgouni et al. "Assessment of nutritional quality of snacks and beverages sold in university vending machines: a qualitative assessment". British Food Journal 123, n.º 7 (4 de marzo de 2021): 2449–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-07-2020-0601.
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PurposeVending machines (VMs) provide quick access for snack foods and beverages for students during their study days. These vended foods have been reported to affect the student's nutritional status and contributing to obesity by increasing the caloric intake. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional value of snacks and beverages provided by VM at the university campuses.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional observational study in one large urban university with four campuses was conducted. In total, 55 VMs were found distributed over 50 buildings of the four university campuses. Of the vending slots surveyed, only 57 snacks and beverage food items were found repeated. These items were vended and analyzed using nutrient databases, and their nutritional quality was assessed using nutrient adequacy ratio and nutritional quality score.FindingsMost vended snacks were salty (77%) and sweet (23%). Neither snacks nor beverages were nutrient-dense, and the majority (65%) of snacks and beverages were calorie-dense, with high contents of sugar, sodium and saturated fat; while they were low in vitamins C and A, calcium, iron, sodium, protein and dietary fibers. None of the vended beverages met the low calorie, low sugars and high-fiber criteria.Research limitations/implicationsOne limitation of the current work is represented in the fact that VM snacks and beverages are not fixed throughout the year days, and exposed to continuous changes, depending on the customers' attitudes and economic and financial considerations related to the operating contractor company and the customer students. Thus, a continuous, long-term evaluation is suggested to be conducted for a more representative and reflective evaluation of the nutritional quality of vended snacks and beverages.Practical implicationsPoor nutritional quality has been found for vended foods. Healthier food options should be provided to improve students' dietary intake.Social implicationsAttention has to be directed toward the nutritional quality of VM foods, and how to provide adolescents and young adults with healthy options.Originality/valueThis is the first study conducted in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Gulf Cooperation Council countries (GCC) assessing the nutritional value of vending machine foods in university settings.
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Damanik, Hillman Akhyar. "Securing Data Network For Growing Business VPN architectures Cellular Network Connectivity". RSF Conference Series: Engineering and Technology 1, n.º 2 (20 de diciembre de 2021): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/cset.v1i2.470.
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Private networks allow organizations to leverage, customize and dedicate LTE network capabilities to their own service needs. These networks are controlled and managed locally and can be optimized for specific network services and applications. Often they are used because there may be gaps in coverage where there is no cellular connectivity. Enterprises and businesses running on light application systems, using small bandwidth and requiring fast deployment such as ATMs, vending machines, digital signage kiosks and small store branches We propose a method and concept and implementation, in the form of a Data Network Security Configuration For Business Growth VPN architecture Mobile Network Connectivity for various businesses. By implementing products and services by developing the configuration and model of VPN Tunneling Protocol rules, using the EOIP Protocol and SSTP Protocol methods and virtualization schemes using the VLAN Bridging method on Wide Area Network (WAN) network connectivity. This method takes advantage of the LTE features found on the RB751U-2hnd and then integrates Huawei Mobile Broadband LTE. We also present a general Service Level Agreement (SLA) and an open source tools-based SLA network system Zabbix. Then configure the VPN Tunneling Protocol and its features on the RB751U-2hnd using Paramiko Network Automation. The focus of the results of this research is that by utilizing the available tools we will build a VPN with system monitoring facilities with the results achieved are network performance and availability and show that the design we build can be used for private connections for growing businesses. the results obtained from testing for 1 month for the 3 providers used, for the average throughput value with VPN tunneling applied TSEL 14.2 Mbps, ISAT 13.9 Mbps and XL 13.5 Mbps. The SLA value obtained is based on acceptable criteria, TSEL 91.5%, ISAT 91.8% and XL 90.6%.
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Moricz, Peter y Gyorgy Drotos. "Returpack: the integrator of the beverage can recycling process". Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 6, n.º 2 (13 de junio de 2016): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-06-2015-0135.
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Subject area Emerging markets, business models, information technology. Study level/applicability This case is designed for MBA groups or students from MSc in Management, International Business, Logistics, Information Systems or Environmental Management programs. It can be covered in courses on Strategy, Process Management, International Business, Process Management, Supply Chain Management and Managing Information Systems. Case overview Returpack is a Hungarian company dealing with reverse vending machines (RVMs) that collect aluminum beverage cans, even in crushed form, based on a worldwide technology innovation. All RVMs are online and monitored and managed remotely. RVMs are mainly “fed” by the poorest, often homeless people, who are still motivated by the extremely low (less than 1 euro cent for a can) incentive that comes from the selling of the aluminum waste to recycling smelters. Based on the success of the business model in Hungary, projects were planned in the USA, Austria, Romania, and Turkey in 2013. However, beyond economic, legal and cultural challenges, a dramatic decline in the global aluminum waste prices early in 2014 questioned the return on investment at these projects. Advancements in the material-recognition technologies at waste sorting plants raise further questions. Expected learning outcomes Evaluating the business model innovation in the case by combining the different approaches of the business model concept with the knowledge on the recycling industry, the crowdsourcing method and the Internet of Things. Based upon this, students may identify and evaluate options for implementing the business model in and adapting to new markets, also by simulating these changes in a formal (numerical) business model. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject codes Strategy. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy
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Chikazhe, Lovemore, Rahabhi Mashapure, Desderio Chavhunduka y Purity Hamunakwadi. "Socio-Economic Implications of Covid19 Pandemic to Women Entrepreneurs: A Case of the Informal Sector in Zimbabwe". Business Management and Strategy 12, n.º 1 (7 de diciembre de 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bms.v12i1.17911.
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The purpose of the study was to establish the effect of Covid-19 pandemic to women entrepreneurs in the informal sector of Zimbabwe. A qualitative study was conducted in Mashonaland West province in Zimbabwe. Data was collected through telephone interviews from 16 informal business women entrepreneurs in the retail sector. The participants were involved businesses that include; vegetable vending, operating clothing flea market and cross border trading. The study established that business for women entrepreneurs in the informal sector were affected by inter-province travelling regulations. It was also established that women were most affected as they are responsible for making sure that children are fed on daily basis. To make matters worse, some were widows and others were looking after many orphans. This to a larger extent encouraged cases of strained relationship in the home because of inadequate resources especially food. Cases were also reported of gender-based violence because all members of the family were now spending most of their time together with little resources to use in looking after the family. Thus, health problems such as high blood pressure and were also witnessed. The study recommended the government to provide protective equipment and sanitizers to women entrepreneurs and informal traders so that they can safely continue to produce, distribute and sell their merchandise. The government should assist with transport for smallholder farmers to ferry their produce to markets safely. Also, the government was recommended to communicate with market leaders about how to best handle a lockdown and reopening.
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Ahmad, Usamah Rievzqy. "Pemberlakuan Pajak terhadap Barang Hasil Transaksi Jasa Titip Online". Jurnal Suara Hukum 2, n.º 1 (27 de marzo de 2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jsh.v2n1.p71-85.
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As time goes by, technologies are developing more and more. One of a result of it that we know is internet. Internet is a network that enable to connect every human being in all over the world. Internet gave us many positive impacts, to fulfil our daily needs is one of them. Thanks to internet we can do our business activities more effective. One of the business activites that we can do is vending, selling things by internet known as online shopping. Many people can sell anything through online shopping such as goods and services. They called “Jasa Titip Online”, is one type of a business that let consumer told us what they want to and then we look and buy goods that consumers want. “Jasa Titip Online” devided into two kinds, first is domestic purchases and the second is overseas purchases. Problems arise from the overseas purchases, person who conduct “Jasa Titip Online” must collect things from other country then bring it to Indonesia. That will create new competitors for large companies involved in the export-import business. Goods that sold by export-import companies supposed to be taxed when entering Indonesian territory. However same things didn’t happen to a person who commit “Jasa Titip Online”, it should be taxed to create fair business competition. The tax provisions currently in force are stated in Peraturan Menteri Keuangan No. 203 Tahun 2017 that define imported goods brought by a person for personal purposes that worth under US$ 500 will be free on board. That provisions are less effective due to more people conduct “Jasa Titip Online” that somehow brought things more than US$ 500 but still free on board.
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Nami, Adeeb, Virginia Bodolica y Martin Spraggon. "Lighting Up the Bulb’s Station". Asian Journal of Management Cases 15, n.º 2 (2 de julio de 2018): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972820118780739.
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This case study follows the entrepreneurial journey initiated by a group of undergraduate students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and examines the decisions made and lessons learned along the way. Uncovering the intricacies of the process of business ideation, the case analyses the predisposing conditions that led to the establishment of the Bulb’s Station—a vending booth offering exclusively homemade food. A particular emphasis is placed on analysing the two major experiences that the partners had running the booth, namely, at the 2016 AUS Global Day and the 2016 UAE National Day Celebration at the American University of Sharjah (AUS). By providing detailed information regarding the type, variety, quantity and pricing of dishes on the menu, the reader is brought to estimate the extent to which the booth’s operation was successful at each of the two events. Based on prior challenges and shortcomings in adopted strategies, the partners are now confronted with the critical question of whether to turn the Bulb’s Station into a start-up company in the food industry in the UAE.
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Sharma, Tanushree y Priya Grover. "Unforeseen bumps on the road of entrepreneurship". Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 5, n.º 8 (26 de noviembre de 2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-05-2015-0090.
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Subject area The case throws light on the unforeseen challenges new entrepreneurs confront. It highlights how the challenges of manpower, sales and operations are intertwined. It also put emphasis on holistic planning prior to initiating a business. Study level/applicability This case can be used in the introductory courses on entrepreneurship and sales and distribution for undergraduate and postgraduate students of Business Schools. Case overview This case revolves around the pursuit of an entrepreneur to develop and service sweetcorn vending kiosks in an Indian State. It narrates the dilemma faced by the entrepreneur when she discovered a notional loss of revenue as a result of her selecting a particular distribution channel. The entrepreneur realized that the entire range of products sold through the dealer was fetching her far less revenue in comparison to the only product she retailed herself. She also realized that the retail though paid better dividends, but also brought along host of manpower and operative issues. With the day of signing a firm contract with the dealer coming close, the entrepreneur must decide quickly her future course of action. Expected learning outcomes The students will be able to gain understanding of the unforeseen challenges confronted by small entrepreneurs, interconnection of various functions of business and the significance of holistic planning. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
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Winter, Johannes. "The evolutionary and disruptive potential of Industrie 4.0". Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 69, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2020): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.69.2.1.
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Despite all the hype, digitalization is not a new trend. The third industrial revolution started as early as the beginning of the 1970s and has continued to this day. It is shaped using electronics and information technologies (IT) in the economy and progressive standardization and automation of business processes. While exponential growth is typical for the IT sector, this is rarely the case for the classic industries. For a long time, the change was barely perceivable, which led many players to denounce these developments as uninteresting, losing interest at an early stage. But then, as the process picks up breakneck speeds, it often becomes impossible to jump on board or keep up. When automation driven by electronics and IT established itself in production, it led to dramatic changes in value chains and employment structures. Through standardization and automation, business processes became more efficient, quicker, and transparent. When the dot-com speculative bubble burst in 2000, vending machines that ordered supplies independently were already in operation. In the search for the business model of the Information Age, electronic marketplaces became popular pioneers for dynamic business networks and real-time business. Many of today’s well-known technology firms – such as Google, Netflix, or the predecessors of Facebook – were already active on the market in a similar form. In recent years a second wave of digital transformation is experienced and with it, a fourth industrial revolution. The necessary information and communication technologies have now become so cost-effective that they can be used in widespread areas. As a result, many of the dot-com promises have been realized today. The aim of this paper is to intensify the Industrie 4.0 debate in economic geography by showing the evolutionary and disruptive potential of Industrie 4.0.