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DA SILVA, ESTEVAM L. CRUZ y ARNO A. LISE. "Seven new species of Enna (Araneae: Trechaleidae) from Central and South America". Zootaxa 2919, n.º 1 (15 de junio de 2011): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2919.1.4.
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Seven new species of the spider genus Enna O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 from Central and South America are described and illustrated for the first time: Enna carinata sp. nov. (male, Panama), E. triste sp. nov. (male, Venezuela), E. caricoi sp. nov. (male, Colombia), E. venezuelana sp. nov. (female, Venezuela), E. silvae sp. nov. (female, Peru), E. frijoles sp. nov. (female, Panama) and E. zurqui sp. nov. (female, Costa Rica). A new record of Enna estebanensis (Simon, 1898) is reported from Ecuador.
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CUEZZO, CAROLINA y ELIANA M. CANCELLO. "A new species of Obtusitermes (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae) from South America". Zootaxa 1993, n.º 1 (2 de febrero de 2009): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1993.1.6.
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Obtusitermes Snyder is a genus endemic to the Neotropics, restricted to northern South America and southern Central America. Obtusitermes panamae Snyder was described from Quipo, Panama. Herein, we describe Obtusitermes formosulus, n. sp., from Venezuela and Trinidad and Tobago, based on the dimorphic soldier and polymorphic worker. These descriptions provide strong evidence that Parvitermes bacchanalis Mathews should not be included in Obtusitermes.
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González, Guillermo y Jaroslav Větrovec. "New species and records of Neotropical ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)". REVISTA CHILENA DE ENTOMOLOGÍA 47, n.º 2 (31 de mayo de 2021): 331–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35249/rche.47.2.21.19.
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A review of the Neotropical Coccinellidae in the Prague Museum, also including to a lesser extent material from other collections, has led to the description of 14 new species from Brazil, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela, two new combinations and 16 first records for countries. The new species described are Cyrea napoensis, Dilatitibialis manaus (Brachiacanthini), Neaporia chucanti, Prodilis saopaulo, P. pastaza and P. qedi (Cephaloscymnini), Siola karpish (Chnoodini), Calloeneis veraguas (Cryptognathini), Diomus chiriqui, D. panamensis and D. sekerkai (Diomini), Toxotoma venezuelae and T. aguascalientes (Epilachnini) and Nexophallobase panamensis (Stilochotidini) nov. spp. The new combinations are Sidonis vianai (for Neorhizobius vianai González, 2013) and Neda areolata (for Neocalvia areolata Gorham, 1982) comb. nov. First country records are Azya exuta Gordon for Ecuador, Chilocorus nigrita (Fabricius) for French Guiana, Harpasus zonatus (Mulsant) for Paraguay, Chnoodes separata Mader for Paraguay, Coelaria erythrogaster Mulsant for Surinam, Sidonis vianai (González) for Brazil, Coleomegilla occulta González for Bolivia, Neda callispilota (Guerín-Méneville) for Uruguay, Epilachna bistrisignata (Mader) for Peru, Epilachna dives Erichson for Bolivia, Hyperaspis pseudodonzeli Gordon & Canepari for Ecuador and French Guiana, Menoscelis saginata Mulsant for Bolivia, Zagloba beaumonti Casey for Bolivia and Venezuela and Scymnus hamatus Gordon for Panama.
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González-Vera, A. D., J. Bernardes-de-Assis, M. Zala, B. A. McDonald, F. Correa-Victoria, E. J. Graterol-Matute y P. C. Ceresini. "Divergence Between Sympatric Rice- and Maize-Infecting Populations of Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA from Latin America". Phytopathology® 100, n.º 2 (febrero de 2010): 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-100-2-0172.
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The basidiomycetous fungus Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group (AG)-1 IA is a major pathogen in Latin America causing sheath blight (SB) of rice. Particularly in Venezuela, the fungus also causes banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) on maize, which is considered an emerging disease problem where maize replaced traditional rice-cropping areas or is now planted in adjacent fields. Our goals in this study were to elucidate (i) the effects of host specialization on gene flow between sympatric and allopatric rice and maize-infecting fungal populations and (ii) the reproductive mode of the fungus, looking for evidence of recombination. In total, 375 isolates of R. solani AG1 IA sampled from three sympatric rice and maize fields in Venezuela (Portuguesa State) and two allopatric rice fields from Colombia (Meta State) and Panama (Chiriquí State) were genotyped using 10 microsatellite loci. Allopatric populations from Venezuela, Colombia, and Panama were significantly differentiated (ΦST of 0.16 to 0.34). Partitioning of the genetic diversity indicated differentiation between sympatric populations from different host species, with 17% of the total genetic variation distributed between hosts while only 3 to 6% was distributed geographically among the sympatric Venezuelan fields. We detected symmetrical historical migration between the rice- and the maize-infecting populations from Venezuela. Rice- and maize-derived isolates were able to infect both rice and maize but were more aggressive on their original hosts, consistent with host specialization. Because the maize- and rice-infecting populations are still cross-pathogenic, we postulate that the genetic differentiation was relatively recent and mediated via a host shift. An isolation with migration analysis indicated that the maize-infecting population diverged from the rice-infecting population between 40 and 240 years ago. Our findings also suggest that maize-infecting populations have a mainly recombining reproductive system whereas the rice-infecting populations have a mixed reproductive system in Latin America.
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RUTA, RAFAŁ. "Calvariopsis gen. nov., a new genus of Neotropical Scirtidae (Coleoptera: Scirtoidea)". Zootaxa 4604, n.º 1 (13 de mayo de 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4604.1.1.
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A new genus of Scirtidae, Calvariopsis gen. nov., is described to accommodate two species described by Maurice Pic (Prionocyphon brasiliensis Pic, 1916 and Cyphon sculptipenne Pic, 1931) and 14 newly described species: Calvariopsis bituberculata sp. nov. (French Guiana), C. borowieci sp. nov. (Ecuador), C. fourgassiense sp. nov. (French Guiana), C. guyanense sp. nov. (Guyana), C. kawense sp. nov. (French Guiana), C. nana sp. nov. (Brazil), C. panamense sp. nov. (Panama), C. peruviana sp. nov. (Peru), C. picta sp. nov. (Bolivia), C. pittieri sp. nov. (Venezuela), C. saopaulense sp. nov. (Brazil), C. venezuelense sp. nov. (Venezuela), C. wittmeri sp. nov. (Brazil), and C. yanayacuense sp. nov. (Ecuador) [type species of Calvariopsis]. The new genus can be distinguished from other Neotropical Scirtidae on the basis of the following characters: antennae filiform, subgenal ridge without buttonhole configuration, head with deep subantennal grooves, mesoventral process short, as long as wide or shorter, hind legs not saltatorial.
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PERKINS, PHILIP D. "A revision of Epimetopus Lacordaire, the New World hooded shore beetles (Coleoptera: Epimetopidae)". Zootaxa 3531, n.º 1 (30 de octubre de 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3531.1.1.
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The New World genus Epimetopus Lacordaire, 1854, is revised, based on the examination and databasing of 2,470specimens. New collection records are provided for 15 previously described species, and 36 new species aredescribed. The Epimetopus fauna now comprises 56 species, of which 37 are restricted to South America, 17 are onlyfound north of South America, and only two species are known from both areas. Epimetopus ranges from Argentinato Arizona and Arkansas, but there are no records from the Amazon basin. The genus is divided into seven speciesgroups, five of which are newly delineated. High resolution digital images of all primary types are presented (onlineversions in color), geographic distributions of all species are mapped, and male genitalia of primary types areillustrated. The morphology of the underside of the pronotal hood is described and illustrated for the first time. Onenew synonomy is proposed, placing E. leechi Rocha as a junior synonym of E. balfourbrownei Rocha. New speciesof Epimetopus are: E. acuminatus (Guatemala: El Progresso, km. 69 on C. A. 9); E. angustus (Ecuador: Napo, Tena);E. arcuatus (Paraguay: Dep. Concepcion, Arroyo Toro Paso, Unterlauf ); E. arizonicus (USA: Arizona, Pajarito Mts.,Sycamore Canyon); E. ballatoris (Venezuela: Tachira State, El Tama National Park); E. bifidus (Mexico: Oaxaca,Tapanatepec, 8 mi. W Oaxaca); E. clandestinus (Brazil: Mato Grosso, Caceres); E. clypeatus (Guyana: Region 8,Iwokrama Forest, 1 km W Kurupukan); E. coleuncus (Argentina: Tucuman, Departamento de Burruyacu, Rio Salas);E. deceptus (Brazil: Mato Grosso, Caceres); E. ecuadorensis (Ecuador: Napo, 17 km SW Tena); E. fimbriatus (Brazil:Mato Grosso, São Felix); E. inaequalis (Ecuador: Napo, Tena); E. lanceolatulus (Brazil: Mato Grosso, Caceres); E.lanceolatus (Brazil: Mato Grosso, Caceres); E. latilobus (Costa Rica: Puntarenas, Monteverde area); E. latisoides(Panama: Canal Zone, 12.0 mi NW Gamboa); E. latus (Colombia: Cesar, Pueblo Bello, Sierra de Santa Marta); E.lobilatus (Costa Rica: Limon, Reventazon, Hamburg Farm); E. microporus (Panama: Panama Province, Rio Mamoniat PanAm Hwy); E. mucronatus (Honduras: Rio Humuya NW Comayagua); E. multiportus (Uruguay: 90 km SWArtigas); E. oaxacus (Mexico: Oaxaca, Tapanatepec, 8 mi. W Oaxaca); E. peruvianus (Peru: Ayacucho, La Mar, SantaRosa); E. plicatus (Venezuela: Tachira State, El Tama National Park); E. rectus (Costa Rica: Heredia, OTS La SelvaField Sta., Puerto Viejo de Sarapique, Rio Puerto Viejo); E. robustus (Panama: Canal Zone, 4.1 mi NW Gamboa, RioFrijoles); E. spatulus (Peru: Madre de Dios, Pantiacolla Lodge, Monk Saki Trail, Alto Madre de Dios River); E.steineri (Ecuador: Napo, Tena); surinamensis (Suriname: Sipaliwini District, Camp 3, Wehepai); E. transversoides(Peru: Madre de Dios, Pantiacolla Lodge, Monk Saki Trail, Alto Madre de Dios River); E. transversus (Bolivia: LaPaz, Alcoche); E. tridens (Brazil: Sao Paulo, Campos do Jordão, Parque do Estado Rio Galharada); E. trilobus(Venezuela: Bolivar, Los Pijiguaos); E. venezuelensis (Venezuela: Apure State, ca. 1 km N. Rio Claro); E. vulpinus (Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul, Pelotas).
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Alvarado, Mabel y Luis Figueroa. "New country records of the Metopiinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in the Neotropical region". Entomological Communications 1 (11 de diciembre de 2019): ec01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.37486/2675-1305.ec01010.
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The range distribution is expanded for 26 Metopiinae species: Colpotrochia beluga Gauld & Sithole, 2002 (Panama); C. diabella Gauld & Sithole, 2002 (Venezuela); C. feroza Gauld & Sithole, 2002 and C. texana (Cresson, 1872) (Ecuador); C. watanka Gauld & Sithole, 2002 (Ecuador, French Guiana); Cubus validus (Cresson, 1865) (Peru); Exochus ozanus Gauld & Sithole, 2002 (Argentina); E. spinalis Townes & Townes, 1959 (Ecuador); E. pubitus Gauld & Sithole, 2002 (Guatemala); E. krellus Gauld & Sithole, 2002 (Mexico); E. pedanticus Gauld & Sithole, 2002, E. xetus Gauld & Sithole, 2002 and E. yorizus Gauld & Sithole, 2002 (Panama); E. obezus Gauld & Sithole, 2002 and E. ravetus Gauld & Sithole, 2002 (Peru); E. vanitus Gauld & Sithole, 2002 (Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama); E. voxanus Gauld & Sithole, 2002 (Guatemala, Mexico, Panama); E. navitus Gauld & Sithole, 2002 (Ecuador, Honduras, Venezuela); Trieces platysoma Townes, 1946 (Suriname); T. tyloidalis Mazón & Bordera, 2016 (Bolivia); T. wardae Gauld & Sithole, 2002 (Ecuador); T. zwizarmae Gauld & Sithole, 2002 (Peru); T. horisme Gauld & Sithole, 2002 (Argentina, Belize, Mexico, Panama); T. riodinis Gauld & Sithole, 2002 (Curaçao, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Saint Vincent and The Grenadines); T. tuvule Gauld & Sithole, 2002 (Belize, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico); and T. wasnia Gauld & Sithole, 2002 (Panama, Peru).
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Monteza-Moreno, Claudio Manuel, Carlos Ramos, Victor Martínez y Mahmood Sasa. "ON THE IDENTITY OF HOG-NOSED PIT-VIPERS FROM WESTERN PANAMA: A REVIEW OF SPECIMENS OF PORTHIDIUM LANSBERGII (SCHLEGEL, 1841) IN LOWER CENTRAL AMERICA." Tecnociencia 22, n.º 2 (2 de julio de 2020): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.48204/j.tecno.v22n2a2.
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Porthidium lansbergii is a relatively abundant pit viper in semiarid environments from eastern Panama, through the Caribbean plains and Magdalena Valley in Colombia to northeastern Venezuela. Like other members of this genus, P. lansbergii exhibits great variation in scutellation and other morphological characters, a situation that has complicated the taxonomy and identification of populations assigned to the species. In Lower Central America, P. lansbergii is known to inhabit seasonally-dry environments of the Pacific slopes of western Panama. Here, we aimed to clarify the taxonomic status of some enigmatic specimens collected in western Panama, with morphological ambiguity, resembling P. lansbergii. We used the mitochondrial marker cytochrome oxidase b to perform a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis, to evaluate the affinities ofthese specimens with P. lansbergii individuals from central and eastern Panama, and Venezuela. We also analyzed meristic morphological characters to discriminate among populations of P. lansbergii in Panama, including other species of the Porthidium genus. Our analyses indicate that the enigmatic individuals do not differ from others individuals identified as P. lansbergii, thus forming a monophyletic group. We conclude that P. lansbergii has a more extended range than currently recognized including the western Pacific in Panama.
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Hastings, Alexander K., Moritz Reisser y Torsten M. Scheyer. "Character evolution and the origin of Caimaninae (Crocodylia) in the New World Tropics: new evidence from the Miocene of Panama and Venezuela". Journal of Paleontology 90, n.º 2 (marzo de 2016): 317–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2016.37.
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AbstractAlligators and caimans share a close relationship, supported by both molecular and morphological characters. The divergence between alligators and caimans has been difficult to discern in the fossil record. Two basal taxa have recently been described from the Miocene of Panama and Venezuela but have not yet been presented in a joint phylogeny. Continued preparation of the type material of the Venezuelan Globidentosuchus brachyrostris Scheyer et al., 2013 has revealed new characters for scoring in a cladistic framework. In addition, the first lower jaw of the Panamanian Centenariosuchus gilmorei Hastings et al., 2013 is described herein, and additional characters were scored. In total, we conducted five cladistic analyses to better understand the character evolution involved in the establishment of Caimaninae. In each case, Globidentosuchus appears as the basal-most of the caimanine lineage, followed by Culebrasuchus mesoamericanus Hastings et al., 2013 from Panama. Stepwise character additions of synapomorphies define progressively more derived caimanines, but stratigraphic context creates ghost lineages extending from the Miocene to Paleocene. The persistence of two basal taxa into the Miocene of northern South America and Central America supports the concept of a relict basal population in this region. This further supports biogeographic hypotheses of dispersals in both directions between North and South America prior to full land connection.
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NORRBOM, ALLEN L. y CHESLAVO A. KORYTKOWSKI. "A revision of the Anastrepha robusta species group (Diptera: Tephritidae)". Zootaxa 2182, n.º 1 (6 de agosto de 2009): 1–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2182.1.1.
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The Anastrepha robusta species group is revised to include the following 29 species: A. amaryllis Tigrero (Ecuador), A. amazonensis, n. sp. (Brazil: Amazonas), A. bella, n. sp. (Panamá), A. binodosa Stone (Brazil: Amazonas, Pará), A. concava Greene (Costa Rica to Ecuador and Brazil: Amazonia), A. cordata Aldrich (México to Venezuela), A. cryptostrepha Hendel (Peru, Surinam), A. cryptostrephoides, n. sp. (Perú), A. disticrux, n. sp. (Jamaica), A. fenestrata Lutz & Lima (Brazil: Amazonas, Pará), A. fenestrella, n. sp. (Costa Rica, Panamá), A. furcata Lima (Panamá, French Guiana, Brazil: Amazonas, Pará, Bahia, Espírito Santo), A. fuscata, n. sp. (Perú), A. isolata, n. sp. (Ecuador, Brazil: Amazonas), A. jamaicensis, n. sp. (Jamaica), A. lambda Hendel (Perú), A. miza, n. sp. (Venezuela), A. nigra, n. sp. (Panamá), A. nigrifascia Stone (Bahamas, USA: Florida), A. nigrivittata, n. sp. (Guyana), A. partita, n. sp. (“Amazon”), A. phaeoptera Lima (Brazil: Bahia, Rio Grande do Sul), A. pittieri Caraballo (Panamá, Venezuela), A. pseudorobusta, n. sp. (Perú, Trinidad, Venezuela), A. rafaeli, n. sp. (Brazil: Roraima, Venezuela), A. robusta Greene (México to Panamá), A. rojasi, n. sp. (Costa Rica, Panamá), A. simulans Zucchi (Brazil: Paraná, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro), and A. speciosa Stone (Panamá). Moutabea longifolia is recorded as a host plant of A. rojasi, the first host record for Anastrepha species from the plant family Polygalaceae. The larvae feed on the seeds within the fruit. A key to the species and descriptions and illustrations for each species are provided, and their possible relationships are discussed.
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ARCE-PÉREZ, ROBERTO y MIGUEL ÁNGEL MORÓN. "Review of the species of Macrodactylus Dejean (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from Costa Rica and Panama". Zootaxa 4462, n.º 3 (28 de agosto de 2018): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4462.3.5.
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Fifteen species of Macrodactylus Dejean (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Macrodactylini) from Costa Rica and Panama are described and illustrated, including eight new species: M. latreillei new species., M. pseudothoracicus new species. and M. dejeani new species from Costa Rica; M. solisi new species from Costa Rica and Panama; M. martinezi new species from Costa Rica and Venezuela; M. chiriquiensis new species and M. kunayalaensis new species from Panama; and M. moroni new species from Costa Rica, and Panama. Diagnosis for seven species previously recorded in Costa Rica and Panama are included, and a key to all known species of Macrodactylus in these countries is provided.
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Dotseth, Eric J. y Norman F. Johnson. "Revision of the Neotropical genus Acanthoscelio (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)". Canadian Entomologist 133, n.º 4 (agosto de 2001): 487–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent133487-4.
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AbstractThe Neotropical genus Acanthoscelio Ashmead is revised. We recognize eight species, found from Costa Rica south to Paraguay and southeastern Brazil. Acanthoscelio americanus Ashmead (Brazil) and A. flavipes Ashmead (Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, and Trinidad) are redescribed, and six new species are described: A. acutussp.nov. (Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil), A. latenssp.nov. (Ecuador), A. nimbosussp.nov. (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, and Bolivia), A. prolatussp.nov. (Colombia and Ecuador), A. punctatussp.nov. (Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador), and A. radiatussp.nov. (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, and French Guiana). A key to species is provided.
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JAŁOSZYŃSKI, PAWEŁ. "Three new species of the Neotropical genus Protoconnus Franz (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)". Zootaxa 4809, n.º 2 (7 de julio de 2020): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4809.2.9.
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Protoconnus Franz currently comprises 25 nominal species distributed in Bolivia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, and Venezuela. Three new species are described: P. fenestratus sp. n. (Peru), P. brachati sp. n. (Venezuela), and P. carabobonus sp. n. (Venezuela). New species are illustrated, and their characters shared with previously described congeners are discussed.
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FIKÁČEK, MARTIN y ANDREW E. Z. SHORT. "A revision of the Neotropical genus Sacosternum Hansen (Hydrophilidae: Sphaeridiinae: Megasternini)". Zootaxa 2538, n.º 1 (16 de julio de 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2538.1.1.
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The previously monotypic genus Sacosternum Hansen, 1989 is revised and redefined. Eleven species are recognized, of which eight are described as new: Sacosternum auribleps sp. n. (Brazil), S. cruciphallus sp. n. (Panama), S. delta sp. n. (Brazil, Paraguay); S. emissarium sp. n. (Costa Rica), S. epulum sp. n. (Brazil), S. garciai sp. n. (Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela); S. inconnivum sp. n. (Costa Rica, Panama), and S. lebbinorum sp. n. (French Guiana, Peru, Brazil). Sacosternum megalopus Hansen, 1989 is newly recorded from Costa Rica. Two species, referred to as Sacosternum sp. A (Peru) and S. sp. B (Costa Rica) are left undescribed pending on the collecting of males. Additional unidentified specimens are recorded from Mexico (Veracruz State), Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama, and Venezuela. A key to known species of the genus is provided, important characters are illustrated. A reconstruction of the phylogenetic relationships of Sacosternum species is performed, based on 51 adult morphological characters. The genus Sacosternum is decisively resolved as monophyletic based on six unique synapomorphies. Three species (S. epulum sp. n., S. lebbinorum sp. n. and an unidentified species of the “S. cruciphallus complex”) were collected in association with ecitonine army ants of the genera Eciton and Labidius. The possible preference of the Sacosternum species for the organic-rich leaf litter below the bivouacs of these ants is hypothesized from their label data and possible morphological adaptations are discussed.
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ANKER, ARTHUR. "The shrimp genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae) in the tropical western Atlantic, with description of five new species". Zootaxa 2372, n.º 1 (26 de febrero de 2010): 177–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.18.
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The present study examines the diversity of the alpheid shrimp genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 in the western Atlantic. Five species are described from the shallow waters of the Caribbean Sea: Salmoneus hispaniolensis sp. nov., from the southern coast of the Dominican Republic; S. camaroncito sp. nov. from Panama and Honduras; S. armatus sp. nov. from Panama; S. degravei sp. nov. from Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, and Tobago; and S. wehrtmanni sp. nov. from Panama, Honduras, Mexico (Yucatan) and Tobago. In addition, S. ortmanni (Rankin, 1898) is reported from new localities in Panama and Costa Rica; S. carvachoi Anker, 2007 from Mexico (Yucatan) and the Brazilian states of Pernambuco and Paraíba; S. cavicolus Felder & Manning, 1986 from Turks and Caicos Islands; and S. setosus Manning & Chace, 1990 from Mexico (Yucatan). Most specimens were collected at shallow depths (0.5–2 m), on soft bottoms ranging from mudsilt to coarse sand mixed rubble, under rocks or coral rubble; S. degravei sp. nov. appears to be associated with burrows of the callianassid ghost shrimp, Neocallichirus grandimana (Gibbes, 1850).
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ANKER, ARTHUR. "Two new species of Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 with a deep dorsal depression on the carapace (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae)". Zootaxa 3041, n.º 1 (24 de septiembre de 2011): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3041.1.2.
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Two closely related species of the alpheid shrimp genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 are described as new, viz. S. excavatus sp. nov. from the tropical eastern Pacific (Panama, Colombia), and S. depressus sp. nov. from the western Atlantic (Panama, Venezuela, Barbados). The two species share the presence of a dent-like, deep, longitudinal depression on the dorsal surface of the carapace, a feature unique within Salmoneus, the Alpheidae, and possibly the infra-order Caridea, as well as several other characters, thus forming a transisthmian sister species pair.
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CONSTANTINO, LUIS MIGUEL y JULIAN A. SALAZAR. "A review of the Philaethria dido species complex (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae) and description of three new sibling species from Colombia and Venezuela". Zootaxa 2720, n.º 1 (22 de enero de 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2720.1.1.
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Three new species and seven new subspecies of Philaethria from Colombia, Venezuela, and Panama are described as follows: P. browni sp. nov., P, romeroi sp. nov., P. neildi neildi sp. nov., P. neildi winhardi spp. nov., P. neildi tachiraensis spp. nov., P. dido panamensis ssp. nov., P. andrei orinocensis ssp. nov., P. ostara araguensis ssp. nov., P. ostara meridensis ssp. nov., and P. pygmalion metaensis ssp. nov. The three new sibling species are diagnosed using characters of maculation on the ventral surface of the wing, male genitalia, and chromosome numbers. New records of P. andrei from Venezuela and P. dido from Panama are reported. The adults (both dorsal and ventral surface) are illustrated for all the species and subspecies and information about habitats and behavior for each species is provided with a key to identify the species known in the Neotropical Region.
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HASTINGS, PHILIP A., RON I. EYTAN y ADAM P. SUMMERS. "Acanthemblemaria aceroi, a new species of tube blenny from the Caribbean coast of South America with notes on Acanthemblemaria johnsoni (Teleostei: Chaenopsidae)". Zootaxa 4816, n.º 2 (16 de julio de 2020): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4816.2.5.
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Acanthemblemaria aceroi new species is described from the upwelling region of the Caribbean coasts of Venezuela and Colombia. It differs from its closest relative, Acanthemblemaria rivasi Stephens, 1970, known from Panama and Costa Rica, in the posterior extent of the infraorbitals, details of head spination, and unique COI sequences. The description of Acanthemblemaria johnsonsi Almany & Baldwin, 1996, heretofore known only from Tobago, is expanded based on specimens from islands offshore of eastern Venezuela.
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FIKÁČEK, MARTIN, FRANZ HEBAUER y MICHAEL HANSEN. "Taxonomic revision of New World species of the genus Oosternum Sharp (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Sphaeridiinae) I. Definition of species groups and revision of the Oosternum aequinoctiale group". Zootaxa 2054, n.º 1 (27 de marzo de 2009): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2054.1.1.
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The genus Oosternum Sharp, 1882 is divided into ten species groups based on external adult characters. An identification key to the species groups and a table of diagnostic characters as well as many charater state illustrations for each group are provided. Representatives of the newly defined O. aequinoctiale species group are revised. Six species of this group are recognized, all occurring in the Neotropical region: Oosternum acutheca sp.n. (Honduras, Costa Rica, Nicaragua), O. aequinoctiale (Motschulsky, 1855) (Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Venezuela), O. attenuatum sp. n. (Panama, Colombia, Ecuador), O. gibbicolle sp. n. (Ecuador, Panama), O. holosericeum sp. n. (Argentina), and O. latum sp. n. (Lesser Antilles: St. Vincent Island). A key to the species and drawings or SEM photographs of diagnostic characters are provided.
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BLINN, ROBERT L. "Tagalis inornata cubensis McAtee & Malloch (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Saicinae): First record from the continental United States". Zootaxa 1912, n.º 1 (22 de octubre de 2008): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1912.1.4.
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The New World genus Tagalis Stål is widely distributed in the tropics, being known from only three species: T. seminigra Champion from British Guiana, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela; T. inornata Stål from Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatamala, Granada, Mexico, Panama, and Peru; and T. femorata Melo from Peru. McAtee & Malloch (1923) provided a key to the species known at the time separating T. inornata Stål into two subspecies, the nominate subspecies and T. inornata cubensis, from Cuba. Maldonado (1986) recorded T. inornata cubensis from Puerto Rico. More recently Melo (2008) described T. femorata and provided a key to the three species.
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PRATHER, AYSHA L. "Revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae)". Zootaxa 275, n.º 1 (29 de agosto de 2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.275.1.1.
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Systematics of the genus Phylloicus are reviewed. Illustrations, a generic diagnosis, and descriptions are provided for males and females. 61 nominal species are recognized, of which 26 are newly described: P. adamsae (Peru), amazonas (Brazil, Peru, Venezuela), auratus (Peru), bertioga (Brazil), bicarinatus (Peru), bidigitatus (Brazil), blahniki (Costa Rica), cordatus (Venezuela), cressae (Venezuela), elektoros (Brazil, Venezuela), ephippium (Ecuador), flinti (Peru), holzenthali (Venezuela), llaviuco (Ecuador), munozi (Costa Rica), panamensis (Panama), paprockii (Brazil), passulatus (Venezuela), paucartambo (Peru), perija (Venezuela), pirapo (Paraguay), quadridigitatus (Brazil), quitacalzon (Peru), spinulacolis (Venezuela), trichothylax (Ecuador), and yolandae (Brazil). Phylloicus ornatus (Banks) and P. centralus (Navás) are designated as junior synonyms of P. aeneus; P. priapulus Denning and Hogue is designated a junior synonym of P. lituratus; and P. latus (Navás) and P. sagittosa (Ross) are designated as junior synonyms of P. nigripennis. Phylloicus crenatus Navás, P. medius Müller and P. tricalcaratus (Ulmer) are considered nomina dubia. Lectotypes are designated for P. bromeliarum, P. major, and P. spectabilis. A neotype is designated for P. abdominalis.
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SILVA, VALERIA JULIETE DA, DAVID A. RIDER y JOSE ANTONIO MARIN FERNANDES. "Reevaluation of the type species and redescription of five species of Edessa (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Edessinae)". Zootaxa 4347, n.º 2 (13 de noviembre de 2017): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4347.2.3.
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In accordance with the rules in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the type species for the genus Edessa Fabricius, 1803 is now recognized to be Cimex antilope Fabricius, 1798 rather than the previously recognized Cimex cervus Fabricius, 1787. Edessa antilope is redescribed, as well as the following four species that have in the past been related or compared to E. antilope: E. arabs (Linnaeus, 1758) from French Guiana, Costa Rica and Panama (new record), E. helix Erichson, 1848 from Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Suriname (new record), Guyana, Brazil (new record), Bolivia (new record) and Argentina (new record), E. ibex Breddin, 1903 from Costa Rica, Panama (new record), Ecuador, Brazil (new record), Peru and Bolivia (new record), and E. taurina Stål, 1862 from Mexico, Guatemala, Belize (new record), Honduras (new record). The distribution of Edessa antilope is expanded to Venezuela. The female of E. antilope and the male of E. taurina are described for the first time. Edessa antilope is removed from the synonymy of E. arabs and reinstated as valid species; additionally, E. costalis Stål, 1872 is removed from the synonym of E. helix and is placed as a junior synonym of E. antilope. Edessa saiga Breddin, 1903 is considered a junior synonym of E. ibex. Lectotypes are designated for all species. A key is provided for the identification of the species.
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CAMBRA, ROBERTO A., DENIS J. BROTHERS y DIOMEDES QUINTERO A. "Review of Calomutilla Mickel, 1952, a new species, and comparison with Pertyella Mickel, 1952 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)". Zootaxa 4789, n.º 2 (9 de junio de 2020): 466–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4789.2.6.
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Calomutilla panamensis Cambra, Brothers & Quintero sp. nov., female and male from Panama and Venezuela, and the hitherto unknown male of Calomutilla crucigera (Burmeister, 1854), are described and illustrated. Calomutilla panamensis represents the northernmost distribution record of this Neotropical genus and the first record from Venezuela. A key to species, photographs of the types of most species, and a brief description about the mating behavior of C. panamensis are presented. The differentiation of Calomutilla and Pertyella Mickel, 1952 is discussed and illustrated for both sexes.
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FIKÁÑEK, MARTIN y ANDREW EDWARD Z. SHORT. "A revision of the Neotropical genus Motonerus Hansen (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Sphaeridiinae)". Zootaxa 1268, n.º 1 (20 de julio de 2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1268.1.1.
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The previously monotypic genus Motonerus Hansen, 1989 is revised and redefined. Seven new species are described: Motonerus andersoni FikáÖek & Short, sp. n. (Costa Rica, Panama), M. apterus FikáÖek & Short, sp. n., (Venezuela, Colombia), M. depressus FikáÖek & Short, sp. n. (Colombia), M. hanseni FikáÖek & Short, sp. n. (Costa Rica), M. nublado FikáÖek & Short, sp. n. (Venezuela), M. oosternoides FikáÖek & Short, sp. n. (Panama), and M. problematicus FikáÖek & Short, sp. n. (Costa Rica). Two additional new species from Bolivia are left undescribed pending the collection of males. New records are given for the previously described species, M. obscurus Hansen, which had been composite with respect to M. hanseni sp. n. Almost all collections of the genus are associated with cloud and montane forest litter. A key to the species of the genus is provided along with comments on the relationship of the genus with others in the tribe Megasternini. The unusual flightless condition found in M. apterus and M. oosternoides is discussed. The male genitalia and other key characters are illustrated.
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Larsen, Bruno. "Three new species of Lepanthes (Orchidaceae)". Phytotaxa 175, n.º 5 (15 de agosto de 2014): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.175.5.6.
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In this paper three new species of Lepanthes (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) from Ecuador, Panama and Venezuela are described. Each species is illustrated with a line drawing. For each of the new species information about distribution, habitat, and a comparison with similar taxa is given. The new species are named: Lepanthes dubbeldamii, Lepanthes liesiae and Lepanthes luerorum.
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JAŁOSZYŃSKI, PAWEŁ. "Euconnus (Rhomboconnus) of Panama (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)". Zootaxa 4323, n.º 1 (20 de septiembre de 2017): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4323.1.5.
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To date, the subgenus Rhomboconnus Franz of Euconnus Thomson was represented by two species known to occur in Venezuela and Ecuador. For the first time this subgenus is reported to occur in Panama, and eight new species are described: Euconnus plaumannioloides sp. n., E. timstruyvei sp. n., E. silvafortunensis sp. n., E. rhombopanamensis sp. n., E. rhombocartianus sp. n., E. meteti sp. n., E. rhombomiramaranus sp. n., and E. rhomboimitator sp. n. Some characters of the new species were found more variable than those previously included in the diagnosis of Rhomboconnus; they are discussed and the presence or absence of the pronotal antebasal groove or pits is excluded from the diagnosis, as variable within Rhomboconnus.
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Linzmeier, Adelita M. y Alexander S. Konstantinov. "Andersonoplatus, a new, remarkable leaf litter inhabiting genus of Monoplatina (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini)". ZooKeys 744 (20 de marzo de 2018): 79–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.744.22766.
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Andersonoplatus, a new genus with 16 new species from Venezuela (A.andersoni,A.bechyneorum,A.castaneus,A.flavus,A.jolyi,A.laculata,A.lagunanegra,A.macubaji,A.merga,A.merida,A.microoculus,A.peck,A.rosalesi,A.sanare,A.saviniae) and Panama (A.baru), is described and illustrated. All the specimens were collected in leaf litter by R. Anderson and S. and J. Peck.Andersonoplatusis compared toAndersonalticaLinzmeier & Konstantinov,ApleuralticaBechyne,DistigmopteraBlake andUlricaScherer.
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SANTOS-SILVA, ANTONIO, MARIA HELENA M. GALILEO, LUIS J. JOLY y GÉRARD L. TAVAKILIAN. "The genus Rosalba Thomson, 1864 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Apomecynini)". Zootaxa 4387, n.º 2 (26 de febrero de 2018): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4387.2.1.
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Nineteen new species are described: Rosalba wappesi, from Bolivia; R. giesberti, from Bolivia; R. skillmani, from Bolivia; R. lingafelteri, from Bolivia; R. senecauxi, from French Guiana; R. dalensi, from French Guiana; R. giuglarisi, from French Guiana; R. nearnsi, from French Guiana; R. cerdai, from French Guiana; R. gaianii, from Venezuela; R. pittieri, from Venezuela; R. clinei, from Bolivia and Brazil; R. morrisi, from Costa Rica and Panama; R. schneppi, from Panama; R. birai, from Colombia; R. stenodesma, from Venezuela and French Guiana; R. similis, from Peru and Ecuador; R. bezarki, from Ecuador; and R.seraisorum, from Ecuador and Brazil (Amazonas). The following new synonymies are established: Aletretia dissimilis Belon, 1903 = A. fimbriata Belon, 1903; Aletretia consobrina Melzer, 1934, Rosalba gounellei Galileo & Martins, 2013 and Rosalba vanini Galileo & Martins, 2013 = Aletretia inscripta Bates, 1866; Aletretia mediofasciata Breuning, 1943 = Aletretia bucki Melzer, 1934; Aletretia peraffinis Breuning, 1940 = Aletretia approximata Melzer, 1934. The following species are redescribed: Rosalba strandiella (Breuning, 1940); and Rosalba rufescens (Breuning, 1940). The following new records are reported: Rosalba strandiella for Bolivia; R. strandi (Breuning, 1943) from the Brazilian states of São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina; R. inscripta from Peru and the Brazilian state of Acre; R. smaragdina (Breuning, 1940) from the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais; R. obliqua (Thomson, 1868) from Brazil; and Rosalba fimbriata (Belon, 1903) from Ecuador.
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JORDAL, BJARTE H. "Hidden gems in museum cabinets: new species and new distributional records of Scolytodes (Coleoptera: Scolytinae)". Zootaxa 4504, n.º 1 (23 de octubre de 2018): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4504.1.4.
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Twenty-one new species of Scolytodes Ferrari are described from Central and South America: Scolytodes cavus Jordal, sp. nov., Scolytodes excavatus Jordal, sp. nov., Scolytodes speculofrons Jordal, sp. nov., Scolytodes potens Jordal, sp. nov., Scolytodes minimus Jordal, sp. nov., Scolytodes setosicauda Jordal, sp. nov., Scolytodes monticola Jordal, sp. nov., Scolytodes aureifrons Jordal, sp. nov., Scolytodes piliscapus Jordal, sp. nov., Scolytodes curvicostatus Jordal, sp. nov., Scolytodes vellus Jordal, sp. nov., Scolytodes granulatus Jordal, sp. nov., Scolytodes bipilosus Jordal, sp. nov., Scolytodes asperatus Jordal, sp. nov., Scolytodes flavifrons Jordal, sp. nov., Scolytodes capillus Jordal, sp. nov., Scolytodes rufus Jordal, sp. nov., Scolytodes johnsoni Jordal, sp. nov., Scolytodes longipilus Jordal, sp. nov., Scolytodes prolatus Jordal, sp. nov., and Scolytodes bicarinatus Jordal, sp. nov. Females of two species were associated with males and described for the first time: Scolytodes pelicipennis (Schedl, 1952) from Mexico, and Scolytodes venustulus Wood, 1967 from Costa Rica. New synonymies were inferred in four species: Scolytodes bolivianus Eggers, 1928 (=Scolytodes aequipunctatus Eggers, 1943 syn. nov.); Scolytodes major Eggers, 1928 (=Scolytodes argentinensis Eggers, 1943 syn. nov.; =Scolytodes boliviensis Eggers, 1928; =Scolytodes similis Eggers, 1928 syn. nov.); Scolytodes ingae (Blackman, 1943), stat. nov. (=Scolytodes trigonus Jordal, 2013 syn. nov.); Scolytodes canalis Wood, 1974 (=Scolytodes amabilis Wood, 1975 syn. nov.). New country records are reported for 13 species: S. alni Wood, 1969 (Panama), S. bolivianus (Brazil), S. canalis Wood, 1974 (Guatemala), S. chapuisi Wood, 1977 (Peru, Brazil), S. costabilis Wood (Costa Rica), S. elongatus Schedl, 1935 (Panama), S. immanis Wood, 1969 (Panama), S. ingae (Blackman, 1943) (Panama), S. irazuensis Wood, 1969 (Panama), S. major (Honduras, Brazil), S. pelicipennis (Schedl, 1952) (Mexico), S. triangulus Jordal, 1998 (Panama), S. unipunctatus (Blandford, 1897) (Panama, Venezuela), S. venustulus Wood, 1967 (Costa Rica).
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Marins, José y Teolide M. Trevisan. "Os latino-americanos e caribenhos no IX Intereclesial". Revista Eclesiástica Brasileira 57, n.º 228 (31 de diciembre de 1997): 881–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.29386/reb.v57i228.2431.
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VILLA-NAVARRO, FRANCISCO ANTONIO, ARTURO ACERO P. y PLUTARCO CALA CALA. "Taxonomic review of Trans-Andean species of Pimelodus (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae), with the descriptions of two new species". Zootaxa 4299, n.º 3 (28 de julio de 2017): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4299.3.2.
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We review the trans-Andean species of Pimelodus from Colombia, Panamá, and Venezuela. Based on meristic and morphometric data of preserved specimens, four of five species reported from this region are considered valid and two new Colombian species are described. Here we review Pimelodus coprophagus Schultz, 1944 from Lake Maracaibo Basin of Venezuela and Colombia; Pimelodus grosskopfii Steindachner, 1879 from Magdalena River Basin; Pimelodus navarroi Schultz, 1944 from Lake Maracaibo Basin of Venezuela and Colombia; and Pimelodus punctatus (Meek & Hildebrand, 1913) from Atrato, Baudó, and Tuyra River Basins of Colombia and Panamá. Pimelodus crypticus new species is described from the upper Cauca river drainage. Pimelodus yuma new species is described from the Cauca, Magdalena, and Sinú river drainages. A key for species identification and geographical ranges is provided. We also reidentify trans-Andean specimens previously reported as Pimelodus blochii Valenciennes, 1840, a widespread cis-Andean species, or species complex, that ranges across the coastal rivers of the Guianas and Brazil and the Orinoco and Amazon Basins.
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FERREIRA, PAULO SÉRGIO F. y THOMAS J. HENRY. "Revision of the genus Ambracius Stål, 1860 (Heteroptera: Miridae: Deraeocorinae: Clivinematini), with descriptions of three new species". Zootaxa 2485, n.º 1 (27 de mayo de 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2485.1.1.
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The clivinematine genus Ambracius Stål is revised and the three new species Ambracius alineae from Venezuela, A. liviae from the United States (Texas), and A. rudybuenoi from Panama are described and illustrated. The previously known species Ambracius capucinus (Reuter), A. dufouri Stål, A. mexicanus Carvalho, A. pallescens (Distant), A. rubricosus (Distant), and A. vittatus Carvalho are redescribed. A key to species is provided to aid in identification.
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JAŁOSZYŃSKI, PAWEŁ. "Two new species of Euconnus (Rhomboconnus) in Peru and Bolivia (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)". Zootaxa 4375, n.º 4 (25 de enero de 2018): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.9.
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To date, the subgenus Rhomboconnus Franz of Euconnus Thomson was represented by ten species known to occur in Venezuela, Panama and Ecuador. For the first time Rhomboconnus is reported to occur in Peru and Bolivia, and two new species are described: Euconnus wari sp. n. (Peru) and E. inkachakanus sp. n. (Bolivia). The latter species is the largest representative of Rhomboconnus, with body length exceeding 3 mm.
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MARQUES, DAYSE W. A., JEFFREY H. SKEVINGTON y JOSÉ A. RAFAEL. "Revision of the genus Amazunculus Rafael (Diptera: Pipunculidae), with description of six new species". Zootaxa 4577, n.º 3 (8 de abril de 2019): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4577.3.2.
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The species of the genus Amazunculus Rafael (Diptera: Pipunculidae) are large bodied flies, easily identified by their flattened hind tarsus and curved dm-m wing vein. The species of this Neotropical genus are revised, including six new species: Amazunculus acreanus sp. nov. (type-locality: Brazil, Acre, Rio Branco), A. bethoi sp. nov. (type-locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Carauari), A. francyae sp. nov. (type-locality: Ecuador, Napo), A. manauara sp. nov. (type-locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus), A. panamensis sp. nov. (type-locality: Panama, Canal Zone) and A. psilalarius sp. nov. (type-locality: Venezuela, Amazonas). All these new species are described with an emphasis on structures of the male terminalia, which are fully illustrated. An identification key to the twelve species of Amazunculus is provided. The first record of Amazunculus in Central America (Panama) is documented.
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ARIAS-PENNA, TANIA MILENA, LUBOMIR MASNER y THIBAUT DELSINNE. "Revision of the Neotropical species of Trichacis Foerster (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea: Platygastridae), with description of 24 new species". Zootaxa 3337, n.º 1 (7 de junio de 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3337.1.1.
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The hymenopteran genus Trichacis is presumed to be endoparasitoid of Cecidomyiidae. Only three species of this genuswere hitherto recognized in the Neotropical region. Here, twenty four (24) new species are described based on 145 specimens: T. acarinata (Costa Rica), T. acuminata (Bolivia), T. acuta (Colombia), T. clypeata (Costa Rica), T.colombiana (Colombia), T. concavata (Costa Rica), T. corrugata (El Salvador, Mexico), T. costaricana (Costa Rica), T.delsinnei (Costa Rica), T. depressa (Costa Rica), T. dianae (Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela), T. fernandezi (Ecuador), T.hansoni (Brazil, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama), T. kaulbarsi (Mexico), T. magnifica (Mexico), T. mexicana (Mexico),T. panamana (Panama), T. pecki (Ecuador), T. procera (Mexico), T. proximata (Costa Rica), T. punctata (Brazil), T.sculpturata (Mexico), T. transversata (Costa Rica), and T. triangulata (Mexico). A key for males and females of the 27 Neotropical species is provided.
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CHAMORRO, MARIA LOURDES y RALPH W. HOLZENTHAL. "Taxonomy and phylogeny of New World Polyplectropus Ulmer, 1905 (Trichoptera: Psychomyioidea: Polycentropodidae) with the description of 39 new species". Zootaxa 2582, n.º 1 (31 de agosto de 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2582.1.1.
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The taxonomy of the New World species of Polyplectropus (Ulmer, 1905a) is revised to include detailed male and female diagnoses, descriptions, illustrations, distribution records, and keys to males of all species and species groups. A phylogenetic analysis based on 59 morphological characters, 89 of 92 (97%) New World Polyplectropus species, and 2 outgroup taxa was inferred using parsimony and Bayesian methods, which resulted in minor topological differences. Conflicting estimates of relationship among and within most species groups led to a less resolved Bayesian tree (vs. parsimony tree) due to high variation in rates of change among characters and an overall low number of characters. A new classification for New World Polyplectropus is proposed with revised characterization of 10 recognized species groups, 6 newly established. Four species remain unassigned to species group. A key to genera of New World Polycentropodidae, including a redescription of Polyplectropus is provided. The homology of the male genitalia of Polyplectropus is discussed. Ninety-two species are treated. The following 39 new species are described: Polyplectropus adamsae (Peru), P. alatespinus (Brazil), P. amazonicus (Brazil), P. andinensis (Argentina, Bolivia), P. blahniki (Venezuela), P. bolivianus (Bolivia), P. brasilensis (Brazil), P. brborichorum (Ecuador), P. cressae (Venezuela), P. colombianus (Colombia), P. corniculatus (Peru), P. cuzcoensis (Peru), P. ecuadoriensis (Ecuador), P. flintorum (Venezuela), P. gaesum (Brazil), P. guyanae (Guyana, Venezuela), P. hollyae (Brazil), P. hystricosus (Brazil), P. insularis (Panama), P. juliae (Brazil), P. kanukarum (Guyana), P. maculatus (Venezuela), P. manuensis (Peru), P. matatlanticus (Brazil), P. minensium (Brazil), P. novafriburgensis (Brazil), P. peruvianus (Peru), P. petrae (Brazil), P. pratherae (Brazil), P. puyoensis (Ecuador), P. robertsonae (Bolivia), P. rodmani (Brazil), P. rondoniensis (Brazil), P. tragularius (Brazil), P. tripunctatum (Peru), P. venezolanus (Venezuela), P. woldai (Panama), P. zamoranoensis (Honduras), and P. zuliae (Venezuela). Polyplectropus buchwaldi (Ulmer, 1911) is designated as a nomen dubium.Key words: phylogeny, taxonomy, Neotropics, Nearctric, Bayesian methods, parsimony, classification, cladistics, morphology, Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae, Polyplectropus, new speciesThe polycentropodid caddisfly genus Polyplectropus Ulmer contains 219 species found primarily in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, with 125 species recorded from the Oriental biogeographic region, 53 from the Neotropical region (6 species extending their ranges into the Nearctic region), 37 from the
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BLAKE, JAMES A. y HARLAN K. DEAN. "New Species of Cirratulidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from the Caribbean Sea". Zootaxa 4671, n.º 3 (18 de septiembre de 2019): 301–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4671.3.1.
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Fifteen species in seven genera of Cirratulidae are reported from shallow-water collections in the Caribbean Sea primarily as part of the Caribbean I expedition of the research vessel Alpha Helix in 1977 and smaller separate collections from Panama and Venezuela. Thirteen species, all bitentaculates, are new to science. New species include Aphelochaeta caribbeanensis n. sp.; six species of Caulleriella: C. angusticrista n. sp., C. convexacapa n. sp., C. microbidentata n. sp., C. parapicula n. sp., C. parvinasa n. sp., and C. quadrata n. sp.; Chaetozone dossena n. sp.; three species of Kirkegaardia: K. filiformis n. sp., K. panamaensis n. sp., and K. playita n. sp.; and two species of Dodecaceria: D. alphahelixae n. sp. and D. dibranchiata n. sp. Additionally, two multitentaculate cirratulids, Cirriformia sp. from Panama and Timarete punctata (Grube, 1859) from Nicaragua are reported.
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Goffinet, Bernard. "Taxonomic and floristic notes on neotropical Macromitrioideae (Orthotrichaceae)". Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 7, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 1993): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.7.1.11.
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Upon examination of type material, the following new synonymies are proposed: Macromitrium altituberculosum Bartr. with M. carionis C. Muell.; M. aureum C. Muell. with M. longifolium (Hook.) Brid.; M. crumianum Steere & Buck with M. leprieurii Mont.; M. semimarginatum C. Muell. with Groutiella chimborazense (Spruce ex Mitten) Florsch.; M. standleyi Bartr. var. subundulatum Bartr. with M. fulgescens Bartr. In addition, the following synonymies were confirmed: M. brevipes C. Muell. with Groutiella apiculata (Hook. & Grev.) Crum & Steere; M. sartorii C. Muell. with M. punctatum (Hook. & Grev.) Brid. Floristic reports include M. leprieurii new to Dominica, Guadeloupe, and Panama, and M. ulophyllum Mitten is reported for the first time from Central America (Panama) and Venezuela. A complete description including illustration is provided for the first time for the latter species. Lectotypes are chosen for all types examined.
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MENIN, MARCELO, ALBERTINA P. LIMA y DOMINGOS J. RODRIGUES. "The Tadpole of Vitreorana oyampiensis (Anura, Centrolenidae) in Central Amazonia, Brazil". Zootaxa 2203, n.º 1 (19 de agosto de 2009): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2203.1.6.
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The family Centrolenidae contains about 148 species (Frost 2009), 11 genera and two subfamilies, distributed from southern Mexico to Panama, through the Andes from Venezuela to Bolivia, with species in the Amazon and Orinoco river basins, the Guiana Shield region, and the Atlantic forests of southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina (Guayasamin et al. 2009). The subfamily Centroleninae contains nine genera (Centrolene, Chimerella, Cochranella, Espadarana, Nymphargus, Rulyrana, Sachatamia, Teratohyla, and Vitreorana; Guayasamin et al. 2009). In spite of the high diversity in this subfamily, only the larvae of 15 species are well known (Centrolene altitudinale, C. daidaleum, C. geckoideum, C. hesperium, C. venezuelense, Cochranella granulosa, Espadarana andinum, E. prosoblepon, Teratohyla midas, T. pulverata, T. spinosa, Vitreorana castroviejoi, V. eurygnatha, V. helenae, and V. uranoscopa - Starret 1960; Duellman 1978; Heyer 1985; Cadle & McDiarmid 1990; Mijares-Urrutia 1990; Rada de Matinez 1990; Rueda-Almonacid 1994; Hoffmann 2004; Señaris & Ayarzagüena 2005; Rada et al. 2007). Thirteen of them are associated with Amazonian forests or forested slopes of the Andes (Frost 2009). The tadpole of Vitreorana oyampiensis (=Cochranella oyampiensis) has not been formally described; it was mentioned briefly (diagrammatic drawings and larval color notes) in Hero´s tadpole identification key from Central Amazonia (Hero 1990). In this paper we describe the tadpoles of V. oyampiensis and also provide comments on the spawning sites, clutch size, breeding periods and development site of tadpoles.
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TRUJILLO, GABRIEL A. y JAVIER CAÑOTE. "First confirmed species record of Hydroscaphidae from Peru: description of a new species of Yara Reichardt and Hinton, and key to species (Coleoptera: Hydroscaphidae)". Zootaxa 4638, n.º 3 (17 de julio de 2019): 344–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4638.3.2.
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The Hydroscaphidae (“skiff beetles”) is a family of minute aquatic beetles within the suborder Myxophaga comprising four genera: Hydroscapha Le Conte, 1874; Scaphydra Reichardt, 1973; Yara Reichardt & Hinton, 1976 and Confossa Short et al., 2015. All genera are found within the Neotropical region, with the exception of Hydroscapha, which is widespread. Representatives of this family have been reported for Venezuela, Brazil, Panama (Short et al. 2015) and Nicaragua (Raudez et al. 2019).
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GUGLIELMONE, ALBERTO A., SANTIAGO NAVA y M. MÓNICA DÍAZ. "Relationships of South American marsupials (Didelphimorphia, Microbiotheria and Paucituberculata) and hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) with distribution of four species of Ixodes". Zootaxa 3086, n.º 1 (1 de noviembre de 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3086.1.1.
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Historical information shows that South American marsupials are irrelevant hosts for South American hard ticks (Ixodidae Murray) of the genera Haemaphysalis Koch, Rhipicephalus Koch and Dermacentor Koch. Twenty two Amblyomma Koch species were occasionally found on Didelphimorphia Gill, but some records are doubtful (i.e., A. dissimile Koch, 1844) and only A. fuscum Neumann, 1907 appears to be a relevant parasite of this type of host. Twelve species of Ixodes Latreille were determined on these hosts, although one of them, I. longiscutatus Boero, 1944, is probably misidentified. Four species, I. amarali Fonseca, 1935b, I. loricatus Neumann, 1899, I. luciae Sénevet, 1940 and I. venezuelensis Kohls, 1953 are usual parasites of Didelphimorphia. These species (I. venezuelensis excluded) have adult ticks feeding mostly on Didelphidae Gray, and sub-adult ticks feeding mostly on Didelphidae and several species of sigmodontine rodents. All parasitic stages of I. venezuelensis were recorded from Didelphimorphia although rodents are also of importance for its life cycle. Records from marsupials and nonmarsupial hosts show that I. amarali is established in eastern Brazil, and I. venezuelensis in Venezuela, Colombia, Panama and Costa Rica. The alleged southernmost record of I. luciae in Central Argentina was found to be erroneous and its southern limit is located in northwestern Argentina and its way northwards includes Bolivia, Peru, western Brazil, French Guiana, Surinam, Trinidad & Tobago, Panama, Guatemala, Belize and southern Mexico with unconfirmed but probably valid records for Ecuador, Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Honduras. The distribution of I. loricatus has been historically considered to range from southern Argentina to southern Mexico but southernmost and northernmost records are now considered doubtful along with Venezuelan populations for this tick, while the only records for Panama and Colombia were based on wrong tick identifications. Bona fide populations of I. loricatus range from central-eastern Argentina and southern Uruguay to Paraguay up to north-eastern Brazil. Dromiciops gliroides Thomas, the only member of Microbiotheria Ameghino is the exclusive host of Ixodes neuquenensis Ringuelet, 1947. There is only one record of tick infestation (Ixodes jonesae Kohls, Sonenshine & Clifford, 1969) of Paucituberculata Ameghino, indicating that these marsupials are of no apparent importance for maintenance of South American hard ticks. We speculate that the species of Ixodes feeding on Didelphimorphia and Sigmodontinae Wagner are a clade derived from ancestors feeding exclusively on Didelphidae that radiated after the invasion of South America by Sigmodontinae or their ancestors. Ixodes neuquenensis (established in south-western South America) is considered a relatively new species that radiated from Ixodes parasites of Sigmodontinae invaders in southern South America.
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NORRBOM, ALLEN L. y CHESLAVO A. KORYTKOWSKI. "New species of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae), with a key for the species of the megacantha clade". Zootaxa 3478, n.º 1 (11 de septiembre de 2012): 510–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3478.1.43.
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Thirteen new species of Anastrepha are described and illustrated: A. anopla (Brazil, Ecuador), A. grandicarina (Brazil,Ecuador, Perú), A. hadracantha (Ecuador), A. haplacantha (Ecuador), A. hyperacantha (Ecuador), A. inaequalis (Trini-dad), A. intermedia (Panamá), A. lopezi (Guatemala), A. macracantha (Ecuador), A. magnicurva (Ecuador, Perú), A. neo-gigantea (Ecuador, Venezuela), A. peneramosa (Perú), and A. stangei (Venezuela). A key for the species of the megacantha clade is provided. Pouteria buenaventurensis (Sapotaceae) is reported as a host plant for A. intermedia.
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Arregoces Silva, Liseth Johana y Mary Luz Cañon Páez. "Descripción del tráfico marítimo en la bahía de Cartagena, Caribe colombiano y sus implicaciones en la introducción de especies por agua de lastre". Boletín Científico CIOH, n.º 33 (7 de diciembre de 2015): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26640/22159045.285.
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Con el crecimiento del comercio internacional y los viajes marítimos, los efectos de las bioinvasiones a través del agua de lastre son cada vez más notorios, impactando el medio ambiente, la economía y la salud humana. Una primera aproximación para evaluar el potencial de riesgo de estas bioinvasiones en el puerto de Cartagena, Caribe colombiano, durante el período 2004 a 2011 se basó en la caracterización de la magnitud de arribos de buques, el volumen del agua deslastrada y su origen, por tipo de embarcación de acuerdo a lo consignado en el formato anexo a la Resolución A868 (20) de la Organización Marítima Internacional. Lo anterior permitió identificar los principales orígenes de agua de lastre que significaron un mayor riesgo de introducción de especies para la bahía de Cartagena. Entre 2004 y 2011 arribaron a la zona portuaria de Cartagena buques de 99 países, principalmente de Estados Unidos, Panamá, Venezuela, República Dominicana y puertos colombianos. El 72 % del agua deslastrada de buques provenientes de Panamá no experimentó intercambio en mar abierto, seguido de Colombia (65 %), USA (34 %), Venezuela (25 %) y República Dominicana (14 %), considerándose como países de origen con riesgo de introducción de especies para la Bahía durante el periodo de estudio. Se identificó a Cartagena como puerto donador principalmente para puertos de Estados Unidos, Panamá, Costa Rica, México y Venezuela, e incluso destinos nacionales. Dados los resultados del análisis es necesario continuar desarrollando estrategias nacionales para prevenir, controlar y minimizar el riesgo de introducción de especies a puertos colombianos, así como ser puertos donadores de alto riesgo para otros países.
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Dias, Thelma Lúcia Pereira. "What do we know about Anisotremus moricandi (Teleostei: Haemulidae), an endangered reef fish?" Biota Neotropica 7, n.º 2 (2007): 317–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032007000200037.
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This article provides general information on habitat, behavior, and conservation status of Anisotremus moricandi and reinforces its distribution to the western Atlantic. The species inhabits rocky reefs with low coralline overgrowth and it is found in reef crevices in small groups or solitary individuals. The distribution of A. moricandi seems to be discontinuous occurring in the coasts of Panama (Caribbean side), Aruba, Colombia, Orchila Island (Venezuela) and in Brazil (from Ceará State to Espírito Santo State).
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De la Reza, Germán A. "The formative platform of the Congress of Panama (1810-1826): the Pan-American conjecture revisited". Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional 56, n.º 1 (2013): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-73292013000100001.
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This article examines the formative platform of the Congress of Panama of 1826. It seeks to support the hypothesis that the nature and scope of the first test of integration in the Western Hemisphere depended critically on the platform created by Simón Bolívar and other Latin American Independence heroes from the Declaration of Independence of Venezuela in 1810 until the last bilateral agreement of 1826. In that respect, it corroborates the Latin American Identity of the initiative.
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Benita, Francisco y Carlos M. Urzúa. "Mirror trade statistics between China and Latin America". Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies 9, n.º 3 (3 de octubre de 2016): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcefts-10-2016-032.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the accuracy of the trade statistics between the People’s Republic of China and 20 Latin American countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela. Design/methodology/approach This paper contrasts the mirror trade statistics between China and 20 Latin American countries during 2009-2014, after adding to the Chinese side the trade figures corresponding to Hong Kong and adjusting for some valuation issues. Using the resulting panel data, the paper then explores some of the possible explanatory variables, in the case of Latin America, which can account for the significant trade misinvoicing that is found among most of the countries involved. Findings Trade misinvoicing, be that from the part of China or of its partners, varies substantially across Latin America. It is quite large in the case of some countries such as Bolivia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama and Paraguay, and, on the opposite side, relatively small in the case of other countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Guatemala and Venezuela. It is found that, from a Latin American perspective, trade misinvoicing is positively related to the countries’ lack of statistical capacity and their degree of financial openness. Originality/value This is the first empirical paper that examines the mirror trade statistics between China and Latin American.
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Monné, Marcela L. y Miguel A. Monné. "Revisão dos gêneros Tropanisopodus Tippmann e Paranisopodus Monné & Martins (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae)". Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 24, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2007): 1057–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752007000400024.
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Os gêneros Tropanisopodus Tippmann, 1960 e Paranisopodus Monné & Martins, 1976 são revistos. Tropanisopodus tachira sp. nov. é descrita da Venezuela. São reconhecidas sete espécies em Paranisopodus, das quais cinco novas: P. hovorei sp. nov. da Costa Rica, P. granulosus sp. nov. do Panamá, P. araguaensis sp. nov. da Venezuela, P. peruanus sp. nov. do Peru e P. genieri sp. nov. da Bolívia. Chave para identificação das espécies é fornecida. Paranisopodus paradoxus Monné & Martins, 1976 é registrada para o Equador.
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Cha, Kyung Mi. "Colombia Border Area Refugees: Centered on Venezuela, Panama, and Ecuador Border Areas". Journal of international area studies 15, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2011): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.18327/jias.2011.04.15.1.109.
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Alvarado, M., S. Bordera, A. Rodríguez-Berrío y L. Figueroa. "Revision of the Neotropical parasitoid wasp genus Hapsinotus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Banchinae)". Canadian Entomologist 150, n.º 6 (21 de noviembre de 2018): 716–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2018.42.
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AbstractThe species of the Neotropical genus Hapsinotus Townes, 1970 (Hymenoptera: Banchinae) are revised. A total of 31 new species are described: H. amallullanew species, H. amaquellanew species, H. amarakaerinew species, H. amasuanew species, H. amazonensisnew species, H. bicolornew species, H. brevisnew species, H. chiquitanew species, H. etenew species, H. guntherinew species, H. huaoraninew species, H. kentorinew species, H. killanew species, H. lamasinew species, H. mariannaenew species, H. mashconew species, H. michenerinew species, H. petirrojonew species, H. pittierinew species, H. plaumanninew species, H. prolixusnew species, H. pukanew species, H. secoyanew species, H. shushufindinew species, H. sofiaenew species, H. surinennew species, H. tainonew species, H. tupinew species, H. vilcainew species, H. yananew species, and H. yumbonew species. Hapsinotus is recorded for the first time in Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, French Guiana, Mexico, Panama, Venezuela, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago. The range of distribution is expanded for H. atripleurum Townes, 1970 to Brazil and Ecuador, H. morenus Ugalde-Gómez and Gauld, 2002 to Panama, H. nigrogena Ugalde-Gómez and Gauld, 2002 to Ecuador, H. notaulator Ugalde-Gómez and Gauld, 2002 to Panama, H. parvatus Ugalde-Gómez and Gauld, 2002 to Mexico, and H. transversus Ugalde-Gómez and Gauld, 2002 to Brazil and Peru. A key to the species of the genus is provided.
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DE BARROS, RODOLFO CORRÊA y ROSANA MOREIRA DA ROCHA. "Two new species of Styela (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) from the tropical West Atlantic Ocean". Zootaxa 4948, n.º 2 (19 de marzo de 2021): 275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4948.2.7.
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Two new species of the genus Styela are described, with very rare characteristics in this genus: both are shallow-water and tropical, with more than two gonads in each side of the body. Styela panamensis sp. nov. is described from specimens collected in Bocas del Toro, Atlantic coast of Panama, and Styela multicarpa sp. nov. from specimens collected in Espírito Santo, Brazil and Margarita Island, Venezuela. They are probably native to the south Caribbean and S. multicarpa sp. nov. is introduced in Brazil.