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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO)"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 14 de diciembre de 2024

Última modificación: 31 de julio de 2025

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1

Arrigoni, Elda, and Patrick M. Fuller. "The Sleep-Promoting Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus: What Have We Learned over the Past 25 Years?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 6 (2022): 2905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23062905.

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For over a century, the role of the preoptic hypothalamus and adjacent basal forebrain in sleep–wake regulation has been recognized. However, for years, the identity and location of sleep- and wake-promoting neurons in this region remained largely unresolved. Twenty-five years ago, Saper and colleagues uncovered a small collection of sleep-active neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) of the preoptic hypothalamus, and since this seminal discovery the VLPO has been intensively investigated by labs around the world, including our own. Herein, we first review the history of the preo

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2

Li, Ke Y., Yan-zhong Guan, Kresimir Krnjević, and Jiang H. Ye. "Propofol Facilitates Glutamatergic Transmission to Neurons of the Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus." Anesthesiology 111, no. 6 (2009): 1271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e3181bf1d79.

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Background There is much evidence that the sedative component of anesthesia is mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptors on hypothalamic neurons responsible for arousal, notably in the tuberomammillary nucleus. These GABA(A) receptors are targeted by gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated (GABAergic) neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO): When these neurons become active, they inhibit the arousal-producing nuclei and induce sleep. According to recent studies, propofol induces sedation by enhancing VLPO-induced synaptic inhibition, making the target cells more respons

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3

Novak, Colleen M., and Antonio A. Nunez. "Daily rhythms in Fos activity in the rat ventrolateral preoptic area and midline thalamic nuclei." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 275, no. 5 (1998): R1620—R1626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1998.275.5.r1620.

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The present experiment investigated the expression of the nuclear phosphoprotein Fos over the 24-h light-dark cycle in regions of the rat brain related to sleep and vigilance, including the ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO), the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT), and the central medial thalamic nucleus (CMT). Immunocytochemistry for Fos, an immediate-early gene product used as an index of neuronal activity, was carried out on brain sections from rats perfused at zeitgeber time (ZT) 1, ZT 5, ZT 12.5, and ZT 17 (lights on ZT 0–ZT 12). The number of Fos-immunopositive (Fos+) cells in the VL

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4

Matsuo, Shin-ichiro, Il-Sung Jang, Junichi Nabekura та Norio Akaike. "α2-Adrenoceptor-Mediated Presynaptic Modulation of GABAergic Transmission in Mechanically Dissociated Rat Ventrolateral Preoptic Neurons". Journal of Neurophysiology 89, № 3 (2003): 1640–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00491.2002.

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The ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) is a key nucleus involved in the homeostatic regulation of sleep-wakefulness. Little is known, however, about the cellular mechanisms underlying its role in sleep regulation and how the neurotransmitters, such as GABA and noradrenaline (NA), are involved. In the present study we investigated GABAergic transmission to acutely dissociated VLPO neurons using an enzyme-free, mechanical dissociation procedure in which functional terminals remained adherent and we investigated how this GABAergic transmission was modulated by NA. As previously reported in sli

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5

Ghaffarpasand, Fariborz, and Mousa Taghipour. "Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus of Hypothalamus: A Possible Target for Deep Brain Stimulation for Treating Sexual Dysfunction." Iranian Journal of Neurosurgery 5, no. 3 And 4 (2020): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/irjns.5.3.1.

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Sexual function and orientation is a complex platform of human personality which is being modulated by several brain circuities which is less understood currently. Recently, several studies have demonstrated interesting results regarding the role of several brain locations in sexual behaviors and orientation. Sexual arousal in homosexual men is associated with activation of the left angular gyrus, left caudate nucleus, Ventrolateral Preoptic (VLPO) Nucleus of Hypothalamus and right pallidum; while it is associated with bilateral lingual gyrus, right hippocampus, and right parahippocampal gyrus

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6

Alam, Md Aftab, Sunil Kumar, Dennis McGinty, Md Noor Alam, and Ronald Szymusiak. "Neuronal activity in the preoptic hypothalamus during sleep deprivation and recovery sleep." Journal of Neurophysiology 111, no. 2 (2014): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00504.2013.

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The preoptic hypothalamus is implicated in sleep regulation. Neurons in the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) and the ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO) have been identified as potential sleep regulatory elements. However, the extent to which MnPO and VLPO neurons are activated in response to changing homeostatic sleep regulatory demands is unresolved. To address this question, we continuously recorded the extracellular activity of neurons in the rat MnPO, VLPO and dorsal lateral preoptic area (LPO) during baseline sleep and waking, during 2 h of sleep deprivation (SD) and during 2 h of recovery

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7

Gong, Hui, Ronald Szymusiak, Janice King, Teresa Steininger, and Dennis McGinty. "Sleep-related c-Fos protein expression in the preoptic hypothalamus: effects of ambient warming." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 279, no. 6 (2000): R2079—R2088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.6.r2079.

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Preoptic area (POA) neuronal activity promotes sleep, but the localization of critical sleep-active neurons is not completely known. Thermal stimulation of the POA also facilitates sleep. This study used the c-Fos protein immunostaining method to localize POA sleep-active neurons at control (22°C) and mildly elevated (31.5°C) ambient temperatures. At 22°C, after sleep, but not after waking, we found increased numbers of c-Fos immunoreactive neurons (IRNs) in both rostral and caudal parts of the median preoptic nucleus (MnPN) and in the ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO). In animals sleeping at

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8

De Luca, Roberto, Stefano Nardone, Lin Zhu, and Elda Arrigoni. "066 Noradrenaline and acetylcholine inhibit sleep-promoting neurons of ventrolateral preoptic area through a local GABAergic circuit." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (2021): A27—A28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.065.

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Abstract Introduction The ventrolateral preoptic (VLPO) nucleus is a key area involved in the initiation and maintenance of sleep. During wakefulness, sleep-promoting galanin neurons in the VLPO are directly inhibited by arousal signals including noradrenaline and acetylcholine. We have found that while these neurotransmitters directly inhibit VLPO galanin neurons, they also activate GABAergic neurons in the VLPO that do not express galanin. We propose that when activated by monoaminergic and cholinergic inputs, these local VLPO GABAergic neurons provide an additional inhibition of the VLPO ga

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9

Kumar, Sunil, Seema Rai, Kung-Chiao Hsieh, Dennis McGinty, Md Noor Alam, and Ronald Szymusiak. "Adenosine A2A receptors regulate the activity of sleep regulatory GABAergic neurons in the preoptic hypothalamus." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 305, no. 1 (2013): R31—R41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00402.2012.

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The median preoptic nucleus (MnPN) and the ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO) are two hypothalamic regions that have been implicated in sleep regulation, and both nuclei contain sleep-active GABAergic neurons. Adenosine is an endogenous sleep regulatory substance, which promotes sleep via A1 and A2A receptors (A2AR). Infusion of A2AR agonist into the lateral ventricle or into the subarachnoid space underlying the rostral basal forebrain (SS-rBF), has been previously shown to increase sleep. We examined the effects of an A2AR agonist, CGS-21680, administered into the lateral ventricle and the S

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10

Gvilia, Irma, Natalia Suntsova, Sunil Kumar, Dennis McGinty, and Ronald Szymusiak. "Suppression of preoptic sleep-regulatory neuronal activity during corticotropin-releasing factor-induced sleep disturbance." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 309, no. 9 (2015): R1092—R1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00176.2015.

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Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) is implicated in sleep and arousal regulation. Exogenous CRF causes sleep suppression that is associated with activation of at least two important arousal systems: pontine noradrenergic and hypothalamic orexin/hypocretin neurons. It is not known whether CRF also impacts sleep-promoting neuronal systems. We hypothesized that CRF-mediated changes in wake and sleep involve decreased activity of hypothalamic sleep-regulatory neurons localized in the preoptic area. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of intracerebroventricular administration of CRF

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Baker, F. C., S. Shah, D. Stewart та ін. "Interleukin 1β enhances non-rapid eye movement sleep and increases c-Fos protein expression in the median preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 288, № 4 (2005): R998—R1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00615.2004.

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Interleukin 1β (IL-1) is a key mediator of the acute phase response in an infected host and acts centrally to coordinate responses to an immune challenge, such as fever and increased non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. The preoptic area (POA) is a primary sleep regulatory center in the brain: the ventrolateral POA (VLPO) and median preoptic nucleus (MnPN) each contain high numbers of c-Fos protein immunoreactive (IR) neurons after sleep but not after waking. We hypothesized that IL-1 mediates increased NREM sleep through activation of these sleep-active sites. Rats injected intracerebroventri

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12

Gvilia, Irma, Natalia Suntsova, Bryan Angara, Dennis McGinty, and Ronald Szymusiak. "Maturation of sleep homeostasis in developing rats: a role for preoptic area neurons." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 300, no. 4 (2011): R885—R894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00727.2010.

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The present study evaluated the hypothesis that developmental changes in hypothalamic sleep-regulatory neuronal circuits contribute to the maturation of sleep homeostasis in rats during the fourth postnatal week. In a longitudinal study, we quantified electrographic measures of sleep during baseline and in response to sleep deprivation (SD) on postnatal days 21/29 (P21/29) and P22/30 ( experiment 1). During 24-h baseline recordings on P21, total sleep time (TST) during the light and dark phases did not differ significantly. On P29, TST during the light phase was significantly higher than durin

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13

Nelson, Laura E., Jun Lu, Tianzhi Guo, Clifford B. Saper, Nicholas P. Franks та Mervyn Maze. "The α2-Adrenoceptor Agonist Dexmedetomidine Converges on an Endogenous Sleep-promoting Pathway to Exert Its Sedative Effects". Anesthesiology 98, № 2 (2003): 428–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200302000-00024.

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Background The authors investigated whether the sedative, or hypnotic, action of the general anesthetic dexmedetomidine (a selective alpha -adrenoceptor agonist) activates endogenous nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep-promoting pathways. Methods c-Fos expression in sleep-promoting brain nuclei was assessed in rats using immunohistochemistry and hybridization. Next, the authors perturbed these pathways using (1) discrete lesions induced by ibotenic acid, (2) local and systemic administration of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor type A (GABA ) receptor antagonist gabazine, or (3) alpha2-adrenocep

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14

Peterfi, Zoltan, Dennis McGinty, Erzsebet Sarai, and Ronald Szymusiak. "Growth hormone-releasing hormone activates sleep regulatory neurons of the rat preoptic hypothalamus." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 298, no. 1 (2010): R147—R156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00494.2009.

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We examined whether growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) may promote non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep via activation of GABAergic neurons in the preoptic area. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with EEG, EMG electrodes and a unilateral intracerebroventricular cannula. Groups of rats received injections (3 μl icv) with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GHRH) (0.1 nmol/100 g body wt) or equal volume of physiological saline at the onset of the dark period and were permitted spontaneous sleep for 90 min. Separate groups of rats were sleep deprived by gentle handling for 90 min, beginning

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15

Kim, Yeon-Soo, Bo Kyung Lee, Cha Soon Kim, et al. "Sedum kamtschaticum Exerts Hypnotic Effects via the Adenosine A2A Receptor in Mice." Nutrients 16, no. 16 (2024): 2611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16162611.

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Insomnia is a common sleep disorder with significant societal and economic impacts. Current pharmacotherapies for insomnia are often accompanied by side effects, necessitating the development of new therapeutic drugs. In this study, the hypnotic effects and mechanisms of Sedum kamtschaticum 30% ethanol extract (ESK) and one of its active compounds, myricitrin, were investigated using pentobarbital-induced sleep experiments, immunohistochemistry (IHC), receptor binding assays, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The pentobarbital-induced sleep experiments revealed that ESK and myrici

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16

Novak, Colleen M., Laura Smale, and Antonio A. Nunez. "Rhythms in Fos expression in brain areas related to the sleep-wake cycle in the diurnal Arvicanthis niloticus." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 278, no. 5 (2000): R1267—R1274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.5.r1267.

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Most mammals show daily rhythms in sleep and wakefulness controlled by the primary circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Regardless of whether a species is diurnal or nocturnal, neural activity in the SCN and expression of the immediate-early gene product Fos increases during the light phase of the cycle. This study investigated daily patterns of Fos expression in brain areas outside the SCN in the diurnal rodent Arvicanthis niloticus. We specifically focused on regions related to sleep and arousal in animals kept on a 12:12-h light-dark cycle and killed at 1 and 5 h after bo

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17

Maruani, Julia, and Pierre A. Geoffroy. "Multi-Level Processes and Retina–Brain Pathways of Photic Regulation of Mood." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 2 (2022): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11020448.

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Light exerts powerful biological effects on mood regulation. Whereas the source of photic information affecting mood is well established at least via intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) secreting the melanopsin photopigment, the precise circuits that mediate the impact of light on depressive behaviors are not well understood. This review proposes two distinct retina–brain pathways of light effects on mood: (i) a suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)-dependent pathway with light effect on mood via the synchronization of biological rhythms, and (ii) a SCN-independent pathway wit

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18

Masneuf, Sophie, Lukas L. Imbach, Fabian Büchele, et al. "Altered sleep intensity upon DBS to hypothalamic sleep–wake centers in rats." Translational Neuroscience 12, no. 1 (2021): 611–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tnsci-2020-0202.

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Abstract Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been scarcely investigated in the field of sleep research. We hypothesize that DBS onto hypothalamic sleep- and wake-promoting centers will produce significant neuromodulatory effects and potentially become a therapeutic strategy for patients suffering severe, drug-refractory sleep–wake disturbances. We aimed to investigate whether continuous electrical high-frequency DBS, such as that often implemented in clinical practice, in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) or the perifornical area of the posterior lateral hypothalamus (PeFLH), significantl

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Deurveilher, S., E. M. Cumyn, T. Peers, B. Rusak, and K. Semba. "Estradiol replacement enhances sleep deprivation-induced c-Fos immunoreactivity in forebrain arousal regions of ovariectomized rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 295, no. 4 (2008): R1328—R1340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.90576.2008.

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To understand how female sex hormones influence homeostatic mechanisms of sleep, we studied the effects of estradiol (E2) replacement on c-Fos immunoreactivity in sleep/wake-regulatory brain areas after sleep deprivation (SD) in ovariectomized rats. Adult rats were ovariectomized and implanted subcutaneously with capsules containing 17β-E2 (10.5 μg; to mimic diestrous E2 levels) or oil. After 2 wk, animals with E2 capsules received a single subcutaneous injection of 17β-E2 (10 μg/kg; to achieve proestrous E2 levels) or oil; control animals with oil capsules received an oil injection. Twenty-fo

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20

Hayaishi, Osamu. "Molecular mechanisms of sleep–wake regulation: a role of prostaglandin D 2." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 355, no. 1394 (2000): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0564.

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Prostaglandin (PG) D 2 is a major prostanoid in the brains of rats and other mammals, including humans. When PGD synthase (PGDS), the enzyme that produces PGD 2 in the brain, was inhibited by the intracerebroventricular infusion of its selective inhibitors, i.e. tetravalent selenium compounds, the amount of sleep decreased both time and dose dependently. The amount of sleep of transgenic mice, in which the human PGDS gene had been incorporated, increased several fold under appropriate conditions. These data indicate that PGDS is a key enzyme in sleep regulation. In situ hybridization, immunope

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Amar, Avishek. "Drugs affecting sleep and wakefulness: a review." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, no. 6 (2018): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20182088.

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It was in the second half of the twentieth century that Sleep Medicine was recognized as an immensely respected field of clinical research. As a result, past few decades have seen this field making some giant strides towards a better understanding of the neurochemical mechanisms that regulate the state of sleep and wakefulness. This involves a complex interplay of neuronal systems, neurotransmitters and some special nuclei located in the brain. Major wakefulness promoting nuclei being the orexinergic neurons in the lateral hypothalamic region and the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) while the sl

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22

Cusmano, Danielle M., Maria M. Hadjimarkou, and Jessica A. Mong. "Gonadal Steroid Modulation of Sleep and Wakefulness in Male and Female Rats Is Sexually Differentiated and Neonatally Organized by Steroid Exposure." Endocrinology 155, no. 1 (2014): 204–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2013-1624.

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The paucity of clinical and preclinical studies investigating sex differences in sleep has resulted in mixed findings as to the exact nature of these differences. Although gonadal steroids are known to modulate sleep in females, less is known about males. Moreover, little evidence exists concerning the origin of these sex differences in sleep behavior. Thus, the goal of this study was to directly compare the sensitivity of sleep behavior in male and female Sprague Dawley rats to changes in the gonadal steroid milieu and to test whether the sex differences in sleep are the result of brain sexua

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23

Han, Bo, Hilary S. McCarren, Dan O’Neill, and Max B. Kelz. "Distinctive Recruitment of Endogenous Sleep-promoting Neurons by Volatile Anesthetics and a Nonimmobilizer." Anesthesiology 121, no. 5 (2014): 999–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000000383.

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Abstract Background: Numerous studies demonstrate that anesthetic-induced unconsciousness is accompanied by activation of hypothalamic sleep-promoting neurons, which occurs through both pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms. However, the correlation between drug exposure, neuronal activation, and onset of hypnosis remains incompletely understood. Moreover, the degree to which anesthetics activate both endogenous populations of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic sleep-promoting neurons within the ventrolateral preoptic (VLPO) and median preoptic nuclei remains unknown. Methods: Mice were exposed to oxy

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Kostin, Andrey, Md Aftab Alam, Anton Saevskiy, Dennis McGinty, and Md Noor Alam. "Activation of the Ventrolateral Preoptic Neurons Projecting to the Perifornical-Hypothalamic Area Promotes Sleep: DREADD Activation in Wild-Type Rats." Cells 11, no. 14 (2022): 2140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11142140.

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The ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO) predominantly contains sleep-active neurons and is involved in sleep regulation. The perifornical-hypothalamic area (PF-HA) is a wake-regulatory region and predominantly contains wake-active neurons. VLPO GABAergic/galaninergic neurons project to the PF-HA. Previously, the specific contribution of VLPO neurons projecting to the PF-HA (VLPO > PF-HAPRJ) in sleep regulation in rats could not be investigated due to the lack of tools that could selectively target these neurons. We determined the contribution of VLPO > PF-HAPRJ neurons in sleep regulation

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Kostin, Andrey, Md Aftab Alam, Anton Saevskiy, Chenyi Yang, Peyman Golshani, and Md Noor Alam. "Calcium Dynamics of the Ventrolateral Preoptic GABAergic Neurons during Spontaneous Sleep-Waking and in Response to Homeostatic Sleep Demands." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 9 (2023): 8311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24098311.

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The ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO) contains GABAergic sleep-active neurons. However, the extent to which these neurons are involved in expressing spontaneous sleep and homeostatic sleep regulatory demands is not fully understood. We used calcium (Ca2+) imaging to characterize the activity dynamics of VLPO neurons, especially those expressing the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) across spontaneous sleep-waking and in response to homeostatic sleep demands. The VLPOs of wild-type and VGAT-Cre mice were transfected with GCaMP6, and the Ca2+ fluorescence of unidentified (UNID) and VGAT cells w

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Su, Yu-Jie, Pei-Lu Yi, and Fang-Chia Chang. "Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Ameliorates Stress-Induced Sleep Disruption via Activating Infralimbic-Ventrolateral Preoptic Projections." Brain Sciences 14, no. 1 (2024): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14010105.

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Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is acknowledged for its non-invasive modulation of neuronal activity in psychiatric disorders. However, its application in insomnia research yields varied outcomes depending on different tDCS types and patient conditions. Our primary objective is to elucidate its efficiency and uncover the underlying mechanisms in insomnia treatment. We hypothesized that anodal prefrontal cortex stimulation activates glutamatergic projections from the infralimbic cortex (IL) to the ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO) to promote sleep. After administering 0.06 mA of

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Chou, Thomas C., Alvhild A. Bjorkum, Stephanie E. Gaus, Jun Lu, Thomas E. Scammell, and Clifford B. Saper. "Afferents to the Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus." Journal of Neuroscience 22, no. 3 (2002): 977–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.22-03-00977.2002.

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Zhao, Zheng-Dong, Wen Z. Yang, Cuicui Gao, et al. "A hypothalamic circuit that controls body temperature." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 8 (2017): 2042–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1616255114.

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The homeostatic control of body temperature is essential for survival in mammals and is known to be regulated in part by temperature-sensitive neurons in the hypothalamus. However, the specific neural pathways and corresponding neural populations have not been fully elucidated. To identify these pathways, we used cFos staining to identify neurons that are activated by a thermal challenge and found induced expression in subsets of neurons within the ventral part of the lateral preoptic nucleus (vLPO) and the dorsal part of the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMD). Activation of GABAergic neurons in t

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Liu, Yu-Wei, Jing Li, and Jiang-Hong Ye. "Histamine regulates activities of neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus." Journal of Physiology 588, no. 21 (2010): 4103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2010.193904.

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Dubourget, Romain, Aude Sangare, Hélène Geoffroy, Thierry Gallopin, and Armelle Rancillac. "Multiparametric characterization of neuronal subpopulations in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus." Brain Structure and Function 222, no. 3 (2016): 1153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-016-1265-2.

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Saint-Mleux, B., L. Bayer, E. Eggermann, B. E. Jones, M. Muhlethaler, and M. Serafin. "Suprachiasmatic Modulation of Noradrenaline Release in the Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus." Journal of Neuroscience 27, no. 24 (2007): 6412–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.1432-07.2007.

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Eikermann, Matthias, Ramalingam Vetrivelan, Martina Grosse-Sundrup, et al. "The ventrolateral preoptic nucleus is not required for isoflurane general anesthesia." Brain Research 1426 (December 2011): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2011.10.018.

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Greco, Mary-Ann, Patrick M. Fuller, Thomas C. Jhou, et al. "Opioidergic projections to sleep-active neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus." Brain Research 1245 (December 2008): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2008.09.043.

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Marson, L., and A. Z. Murphy. "Identification of neural circuits involved in female genital responses in the rat: a dual virus and anterograde tracing study." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 291, no. 2 (2006): R419—R428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00864.2005.

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The spinal and peripheral innervation of the clitoris and vagina are fairly well understood. However, little is known regarding supraspinal control of these pelvic structures. The multisynaptic tracer pseudorabies virus (PRV) was used to map the brain neurons that innervate the clitoris and vagina. To delineate forebrain input on PRV-labeled cells, the anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine was injected in the medial preoptic area (MPO), ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN), or the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) 10 days before viral injections. These brain regions have bee

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35

McCarren, Hilary S., Michael R. Chalifoux, Bo Han та ін. "α2-Adrenergic Stimulation of the Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus Destabilizes the Anesthetic State". Journal of Neuroscience 34, № 49 (2014): 16385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.1135-14.2014.

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36

Gaus, S. E., R. E. Strecker, B. A. Tate, R. A. Parker, and C. B. Saper. "Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus contains sleep-active, galaninergic neurons in multiple mammalian species." Neuroscience 115, no. 1 (2002): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00308-1.

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37

Walter, Augustin, Lorijn van der Spek, Eléonore Hardy, Alexis Pierre Bemelmans, Nathalie Rouach, and Armelle Rancillac. "Structural and functional connections between the median and the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus." Brain Structure and Function 224, no. 9 (2019): 3045–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-019-01935-4.

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38

Lu, J., P. Shiromani, and C. B. Saper. "Retinal input to the sleep-active ventrolateral preoptic nucleus in the rat." Neuroscience 93, no. 1 (1999): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4522(99)00094-9.

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39

Shiromani, Priyattam J., Jun Lu, Dean Wagner, et al. "Compensatory sleep response to 12 h wakefulness in young and old rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 278, no. 1 (2000): R125—R133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.1.r125.

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There is a pronounced decline in sleep with age. Diminished output from the circadian oscillator, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, might play a role, because there is a decrease in the amplitude of the day-night sleep rhythm in the elderly. However, sleep is also regulated by homeostatic mechanisms that build sleep drive during wakefulness, and a decline in these mechanisms could also decrease sleep. Because this question has never been addressed in old animals, the present study examined the effects of 12 h wakefulness on compensatory sleep response in young (3.5 mo) and old (21.5 mo) Sprague-Daw

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40

Lu, Jun, Mary Ann Greco, Priyattam Shiromani, and Clifford B. Saper. "Effect of Lesions of the Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus on NREM and REM Sleep." Journal of Neuroscience 20, no. 10 (2000): 3830–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.20-10-03830.2000.

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41

Fernando, Antonio, and Gerald Chew. "Acute Sleep Onset Insomnia in the Elderly: Damage to the Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus?" Australasian Psychiatry 13, no. 3 (2005): 313–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1665.2005.2208_4.x.

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42

LUPPI, PH, T. GALLOPIN, B. CAULI, J. ROSSIER, B. LAMBOLEZ, and P. FORT. "In vitro study of the sleep promoting neurons from the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus." Sleep and Biological Rhythms 2, s1 (2004): S23—S24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-8425.2004.00095.x.

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43

Lu, Jun, Alvhild A. Bjorkum, Man Xu, Stephanie E. Gaus, Priyattam J. Shiromani, and Clifford B. Saper. "Selective Activation of the Extended Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus during Rapid Eye Movement Sleep." Journal of Neuroscience 22, no. 11 (2002): 4568–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.22-11-04568.2002.

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44

Castañeyra-Ruiz, Leandro, Ibrahim González-Marrero, Agustín Castañeyra-Ruiz, et al. "Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Distribution in the Anterior Hypothalamus of the Female Rats." ISRN Anatomy 2013 (May 9, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/870721.

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Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) neurons and fibers are located in the anteroventral hypothalamus, specifically in the preoptic medial area and the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis. Most luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neurons project to the median eminence where they are secreted in the pituitary portal system in order to control the release of gonadotropin. The aim of this study is to provide, using immunohistochemistry and female brain rats, a new description of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone fibers and neuron localization in the anterior hypothalamus

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45

Yáñez, Julián, Maider Hernández Eguiguren, and Ramón Anadón. "Neural connections of the torus semicircularis in the adult Zebrafish." Journal of Comparative Neurology 532, no. 1 (2024): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.25586.

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AbstractThe torus semicircularis (TS) of teleosts is a key midbrain center of the lateral line and acoustic sensory systems. To characterize the TS in adult zebrafish, we studied their connections using the carbocyanine tracers applied to the TS and to other related nuclei and tracts. Two main TS nuclei, central and ventrolateral, were differentiable by their afferent connections. From central TS, (TSc) numerous toropetal cells were labeled bilaterally in several primary octaval nuclei (anterior, magnocellular, descending, and posterior octaval nuclei), in the secondary octaval nucleus, in the

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46

Venner, A., and P. M. Fuller. "0163 Investigating the Role of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide-Containing Neurons of the Ventromedal Preoptic Area in Sleep-Wake Control." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (2020): A64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.161.

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Abstract Introduction A role for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in promoting rapid eye movement (REM) sleep has been suggested, but the anatomical location of the neurons that release VIP to promote REM sleep has not been identified. Here, we investigated the role of VIP-containing cell groups in the ventromedial preoptic area (VMPOVIP) in sleep-wake regulation. The VMPO has also previously been implicated in thermoregulation and the febrile response. Methods We first investigated the native firing activity of VMPOVIP neurons, over repeated sleep-wake cycles, using in vivo fiber photometr

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47

Sun, X., S. Whitefield, B. Rusak, and K. Semba. "Electrophysiological analysis of suprachiasmatic nucleus projections to the ventrolateral preoptic area in the rat." European Journal of Neuroscience 14, no. 8 (2001): 1257–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.0001755.x.

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48

Liu, Yu-Wei, Wanhong Zuo, and Jiang-Hong Ye. "Propofol Stimulates Noradrenalin-Inhibited Neurons in the Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus by Reducing GABAergic Inhibition." Anesthesia & Analgesia 117, no. 2 (2013): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/ane.0b013e318297366e.

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49

Deurveilher, Samuel, Joan Burns, and Kazue Semba. "Indirect projections from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus: a dual tract-tracing study in rat." European Journal of Neuroscience 16, no. 7 (2002): 1195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2002.02196.x.

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50

Mei, Long, Takuya Osakada, and Dayu Lin. "Hypothalamic control of innate social behaviors." Science 382, no. 6669 (2023): 399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adh8489.

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Sexual, parental, and aggressive behaviors are central to the reproductive success of individuals and species survival and thus are supported by hardwired neural circuits. The reproductive behavior control column (RBCC), which comprises the medial preoptic nucleus (MPN), the ventrolateral part of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMHvl), and the ventral premammillary nucleus (PMv), is essential for all social behaviors. The RBCC integrates diverse hormonal and metabolic cues and adjusts an animal’s physical activity, hence the chance of social encounters. The RBCC further engages the mesolimbic d

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