Tesis sobre el tema "Verbe hybride"
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Perrier, Pierre. "Étude des schémas actanciels des verbes agglomérés en -hada, -tweda et -sikhida en coréen moderne". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL131.
Texto completoThe aim of this descriptive study is to carry out a morphosyntactic analysis, with semantic correlates, of the actancial patterns of the agglomerated verbs of modern Korean, with pattern [ N - V ], N being an action noun constituting the lexical base and V a grammaticalized verb which can be hada, to͡eda or çikhida. The examination of linguistic data leads to consider the following paradigm of verbs of a certain productivity : hada, to͡eda, patta, taŋhada and çikhida. The study is based on a sample of 35 lexical bases compatible with at least three of these grammaticalized verbs cited, including hada. It also analyses a corpus of statements extracted from the Web, based on aggregated verbs including these bases and attesting to their use in the formal register of oral lan-guage. The corpus of utterances allows a contrastive study of the utterances that were based on verbs with the same lexical base. The results obtained are interpreted according to Lazard's actance model. The results show that the grammaticalized verbs quoted allow actance variations of three orders: differential marking of the ob-ject, indirect construction and diathesis variation. These diathesis variations use two operations of transfor-mation of the actancian scheme associated with the lexical base, diathesis and transitivation according to Creis-sels' terms. The set of facts examined shows that the actance variations observed mainly depend on the follow-ing factors: communicative aim, telicity of the process, semantic type of process and semantic characterization of the arguments in terms of animosy and intentionality
Briard, Renaud. "Renforcement du verre par un revêtement hybride en formulation aqueuse". Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10154.
Texto completoCasale, Marco. "Réalisation d'un laser DFB hybride sur substrat de verre". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT011/document.
Texto completoThe current needs of optical telecommunications and sensors require developing integrated optical circuits providing different and heterogeneous functions on the same substrate. The main issue is the incompatibility between the manufacturing processes of these optical functions. This work deals with the integration of active (emission, amplification) and passive (multiplexing, filtering, etc.) functions on a passive glass substrate. Its aim is to develop a DFB three-dimensional hybrid laser by ion-exchange in passive glass. This laser is made of a Bragg channel waveguide, selectively buried in the passive glass substrate, loaded by a plane waveguide, defined at the surface of an Er3+:Yb3+ codoped active glass wafer. It emits a (420±15) µW laser signal at 1534 nm for (390±20) mW injected pump power. Hence this device opens the way towards the integration of active functions, located at the surface of the passive glass substrate, with passive ones, spreading at its surface and in its volume
Collins, Jessica A. "Verge". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2249.
Texto completoJianguo, Li. "Hybrid Methods for Acquisition of Lexical Information: the Case for Verbs". The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1228259857.
Texto completoChoi, Young Kuk Salvia Michelle. "Réalisation et caractérisation de composites hybrides verre/expoxy/Ni-Ti adaptatifs". (S.l.) : (s.n.), 2002. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/ychoi.pdf.
Texto completoChoi, Young Kuk. "Réalisation et caractérisation de composites hybrides verre/expoxy/Ni-Ti adaptatifs". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2002. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/ychoi.pdf.
Texto completoGrowing attention has been given in the last years to the development of smart materials. It is relatively easy, taking in account their processing techniques, to embed in composite materials actuators at a mesoscopic scale. SMA are particularly fitted as actuators because they can be easily drawn into thin wires and incorporated in composite. To test the influence of the materials and processing conditions on the actuation properties of adaptive hybrid composites asymmetric composite systems based on a glass epoxy laminate with embedded wires of a shape memory Ti-Ni-Cu alloy were processed. The SMA wire were incorporated as far as possible away from the neutral plan. These asymmectric hybrid laminate beams were tested in clamp-free conditions. Describing the macroscopic behaviour in the frame of the classical constitutive modelling and using metallurgical parameters defined from a Clausius-Clapeyron diagram, a description of the temperature-deflection curves can be obtained
Sara, Rahmani. "Fabrication et caractérisation de dispositifs photoniques en verre hybride synthétisé par voie de sol-gel". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0011/MQ38708.pdf.
Texto completoSalas-Montiel, Rafael. "Sources lasers pulsées en optique intégrée sur verre". Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0024.
Texto completoThe development of integrated pulsed laser sources showing similar performances to those of bulk lasers represents a solution for applications in medicine, metrology and research where small size and robustness are required. Furthermore, the possibility to integrate both passive and active functions on the sa me substrate together with a high coupling efficiency with optical fibres makes these kinds of sources an attractive solution. This manuscript reports the study, realisation and characterisation of glass integrated optics hybrid passively Q-switched waveguide lasers. We have demonstrated the successful operation of a hybrid passively Q-switched waveguide laser. This laser is composed of a waveguide amplifier made of a Nd-doped phosphate glass combined with a saturable absorber cladding. The laser cavity was provided by two dielectric mirrors attached to the facets of the waveguides. An optical pulse width of 2. 0 :t 0. 1 ns was obtained for 180 :t 5 mW of launched pump power. The repetition rate ranges from 5 to 50 kHz for 110 to 260 :t 5 mW of launched pump power. The perspectives of this work could be the realisation of hybrid passively DFB Q-switched waveguide lasers and hybrid passively mode-Iocked waveguide lasers
Gardillou, Florent. "Etude et réalisation de structures hybrides actives/passives en optique intégrée sur verre". Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPG0166.
Texto completoThe need of optical fiber telecommunication systems has been the driving force for the tremendous development of integrated optical circuits (IOCs) with a vast number of technologies which are up to now incompatible. However, the integration of elementary functionson a single wafer seems to be required to reduce the dimension and the cost for future complex IOCs. Ln this perspective, we propose in this report the realization of hybrid structures on glass. These latter consist of a passive or active thin guiding layer on a glass wafer containing an ion-exchanged channel waveguide. This work has mainly been devoted to the study and the realization of an hybrid optical amplifier by wafer bonding and ion-exchange techniques. First, a T1+/K+ ion-exchange process has been developed in a passive silicate glass with the aim of keeping a fiat glass surface. Then, an Er3+/Yb3+ codoped phosphate glass layer with a thickness below 10 μm has been formed by a low temperature wafer bonding process (<150°C) foIlowed by a polishing thinning procedure. The realized hybrid structure has been characterized and a promising gain coefficient of 3. 66 dB/cm has been reached which is comparable with the best published values for standard ion-exchanged optical amplifiers. This result has been improved thanks to the implementation of an Ag+/Na+ ion-exchange and a grinding/polishing process and net gain operation has been demonstrated. Other hybrid structures have also been studied : a glass surface- and polarization-insensitive embedded Bragg filter and an hybrid optical isolator. Finally, the necessary future works for the integration of aIl hybrid structures on a single wafer have been described
Dimmitt, Mark A. "The Hybrid Palo Verde 'Desert Museum': A New, Superior Tree for Desert Landscapes". University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/554229.
Texto completoOddon, Frédéric. "Les oxygénases artificielles : nouveaux outils pour la catalyse asymétrique d'oxydation d'alcènes et de thioéthers dans le cadre de la “chimie verte”". Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00558081.
Texto completoPádua, Hugo Miguel Melo de. "Can green taxation trigger plug-in hybrid acquisition?" Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14219.
Texto completoEste estudo tem como objetivo determinar se a fiscal verde, introduzida em Portugal em 2014, é capaz de influenciar o interesse por veículos híbridos plug-in. A revisão de literatura identifica uma série de fatores que influenciam o interesse por veículos híbridos plug-in, de entre os quais se destaca o acesso a incentivos financeiros. Nesta base, um inquérito por questionário foi realizado entre usuários individuais e empresariais de veículos ligeiros de passageiros para avaliar o efeito desses fatores no interesse em adquirir um híbrido plug-in. Assim sendo, foram colocadas questões para avaliar a consciência ambiental dos consumidores, o gosto por tecnologia, a independência dos produtores de petróleo, a imagem e a apreciação do acesso a incentivos financeiros. O interesse pelos híbridos plug-in também é medido pelas duas primeiras questões do inquérito por questionário. Embora não tenhamos sido capazes de desenvolver a análise da amostra de utilizadores empresariais, na amostra de utilizadores individuais, a análise de equações estruturais encontrou um efeito positivo e significativo da fiscalidade verde sobre o interesse pela aquisição de um híbrido plug-in. No entanto, os incentivos da fiscalidade verde não concedem um montante capaz de desencadear um efeito de grande escala. Também foi encontrado um efeito positivo e significativo entre a dimensão do veículo conduzido atualmente sobre o interesse por veículos híbridos plug-in.
This paper aims to determine if the green tax system, introduced in Portugal in 2014, is able to influence the interest for plug-in hybrid vehicles. The Literature Review identifies a number of factors that influence the interest for plug-in hybrid vehicles, including access to financial incentives. On this basis, a questionnaire survey was carried out jointly between individual and business users of light vehicles to assess the effect of those factors on the interest to purchase a plug-in hybrid. Being so, survey questions were made to assess consumers environmental awareness, technology taste, independence from oil producers, image and access to financial incentives like hood. The interest for plug-in hybrids is also measured by the first two question of the questionnaire survey. While we have not been able to develop the business sample analysis, at the individual sample, the structural equation analysis found a significant positive effect of the Portuguese green tax system over the interest for acquiring a plug-in hybrid. However, it does not grant an amount capable of triggering a large-scale effect once, in mean terms, drivers ask for a much lower gap between plug-in hybrids and ordinary vehicles prices. A significant positive effect of driver´s vehicle size on interest for plug-in hybrids was also found.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Bossard, Cédric. "Elaboration et caractérisation d’un hybride organominéral à base de polycaprolactone et de bioverre sous forme de mousse macroporeuse pour la régénération osseuse". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC068/document.
Texto completoThe increase in life expectancy results in the decline of seniors’ health conditions and the resurgence of chronic diseases. Among the expressions of senescence, disorders of the musculoskeletal system are particularly disabling and considerably accelerate the state of dependency. This is also the case for young people who suffer from traumatic injuries or pathologic conditions. Thus, about 2.2 million bone grafts are performed worldwide every year. Yet, the level of postoperative complications remains high and is estimated at 15% of surgical operations. These facts outline a major societal concern: animal-based materials present a risk of histocompatibility issues and pathogenicity that may lead to implant failure. This is the reason why research efforts focus on the development of synthetic biomaterials capable of promoting bone regeneration. Currently, commercialised bone substitutes are mainly made of bioactive “ceramics” (calcium phosphates, bioactive glass) that are known to be biocompatible, to spontaneously bond to bone tissues, to promote bone cell adhesion and finally to be bioresorbable. However, despite these remarkable properties, the brittleness of these materials limits their applications. An ingenious solution to this brittleness can be learned from the particular structure of bone tissue. Bone tissue intimately blends an inorganic phase, the bone mineral, which is made of apatite crystals (resorbable calcium phosphates), with an organic phase that is mainly collagen. Such a structure associates the stiffness of the inorganic part with the toughness of collagen fibres. Therefore, in order to obtain implants with mechanical properties similar to that of bone, the strategy consists in combining bioactive ceramics with organic matter. To this end, the Biomatériaux team from the Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC) recently developed an innovative process that allows the synthesis of tridimensional organic-inorganic hybrids comprised of bioactive glass and biocompatible polymer. The objective of the thesis was to exploit this process in order to develop a hybrid bone substitute with optimal properties. First of all, polycaprolactone was selected as the polymer, especially because of its adequate degradation rate for long-term applications such as bone regeneration. Then, the synthesis process was improved (in particular, the calcium source was changed), the macroporous structure was optimised and the organic-inorganic ratio was chosen. Afterwards, elements that are known to induce an osteogenic effect were incorporated in the hybrid at low doses (< 5% of total weight): an inorganic doping was performed using strontium ions and an organic doping was performed using nutrients such as fisetin or hydroxytyrosol. The resultant hybrid scaffolds were eventually characterised in vitro in order to determine their physicochemical and biological properties and in vivo in order to evaluate their performance. After 3 months of implantation in a mouse calvarial critical defect, results demonstrate the potential of this bone substitute: compared to the reference commercial material (treated bovine bone) that leads to a bone reconstruction of 16% (± 5%), the hybrid allows a reconstruction going from 32% (± 3%) when it is not doped, to 55% (± 7%) and even 58% (± 7%) when it is doped respectively with fisetin or strontium. This thesis paves the way to promising perspectives like the association of doping agents and the 3D printing of polycaprolactone-bioactive glass hybrid scaffolds
Axel, Salinier. "Préparation d’un composite hybride par co-malaxeur : influence des paramètres de mise en oeuvre sur les propriétés". Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3047/document.
Texto completoThis PhD work deals with the relationship between the processing parameters at the melt state and the polymer matrix hybrid composite material’s properties. The fillers studied are short glass fibres (micrometric scale) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) (nanometric scale) dispersed in a high temperature polymer matrix, the poly(etherimide) (PEI). We showed that glass fibres strongly participate in the CNT network structuration and that electrical conductivity of multiscale composite materials is higher than the one of nanocomposite materials. The combination of the two fillers allows obtaining a synergy effect for the mechanical properties especially for the elongation at break which is due to a preferential localization of CNT at the PEI/glass fibres interfaces. The study of the influence of processing parameters on the properties of nanocomposite materials and hybrid composite materials showed that Specific Mechanical Energy (SME) has a strong influence on the hybrid composite material properties and especially on the electrical conductivity. These variations are the consequences of CNT network modifications. Glass fibres concentration has also a strong influence on the electrical conductivity of the hybrid composite materials. It is possible to adjust the electrical conductivity with modifying the concentration of glass fibres especially for the CNT amount closed to the electrical percolation threshold
Cuney, Sandrine. "Elaboration et caractérisation de matériaux hybrides organiques-inorganiques pour revêtements sur verre et polymères à usage alimentaire". Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0022.
Texto completoAmino-silane end-capped polyurethane prepolymers have been used to prepare without the help of any solvent organic-rich hybrid organic-inorganic systems, by hydrolysis and condensation under acid conditions. Due to phase separation between an organic-rich phase and an inorganic-rich one, the final morphology can be described as a polymeric matrix, in which silica-rich particles are dispersed. The network build-up, as well as the precursor composition influence on the final properties have been studied. Because of the low silica content in these materials, polyurethane networks have been characterized too. Properties and morphologies are discussed in terms of thermodynamic and statistical heterogeneities. Organic or inorganic cluster influence on final properties is analysed through the comparison of hybrid and polyurethane networks. Network equilibrium elastic responses are modelled, considering different elasticity theories and variable crosslink functionalities. Finally, properties of hybrid organic-inorganic coatings on glass are measured
Onestas, Lydie. "Intégration verticale d'une fonction dichroïque en optique intégrée sur verre : application à un duplexeur pompe/signal pour amplificateur optique hybride". Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0055.
Texto completoThe development of optical telecommunication networks entailed a huge effort on research for optical integrated circuits (IOC). Among all the technologies that have been studied to realize IOCs~ ion exchange has been one of the major technologies for realizing IOCs. Nowadays researches aim at integrating several functions on one single wafer as well as hybridizing different technologies. This work deals with the study of a vertically integrated pump-signal duplexer for hybrid optical ampli fiers made by ion-exchange on glass. First, sorne theoritical models have been derived, then the realization process flow has entirely been numerically simulated. The realised duplexer showed an isolation between its two outputs of 21. DB :!:: 0. 4 dB at À,= 980 nm and of 44. DB :!:: 0. 4 dB at À,= 1. 55 /lm. The bandwidth around these nominal wavelengths is larger than 200 nm. The obtained results prove the interest of the proposed design for the realization of integrated amplifying modules on glass
Rocha, Disraeli Reis da [UNESP]. "Desempenho de cultivares de milho verde submetidas a diferentes populações de plantas em condições de irrigação". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105296.
Texto completoFunep
A cultura do milho-verde é uma alternativa de grande valor econômico para pequenos e médios agricultores piauienses, principalmente em áreas irrigadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de avaliar o desempenho de cinco híbridos (AG 4051, AG 1051, BM 3061, P 3232 e SWB 551) e uma variedade (Cativerde 2) de milho quando submetidos a quatro populações de plantas (30; 40; 50 e 60 mil plantas ha-1), para produção de espigas verdes, em Teresina -- Piauí, em Argissolo Vermelho - Amarelo, eutrófico, sob condições de irrigação. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em parcelas subdivididas, com seis tratamentos principais (cultivares), quatro tratamentos secundários (populações de plantas) e quatro repetições dispostas em blocos casualizados. Os resultados obtidos permitiram verificar que o incremento no número de plantas em milho possibilita o aumento na altura da planta e da primeira espiga, e redução no comprimento e no diâmetro das espigas. Com relação as características relacionadas ao desempenho produtivo, destacaram-se as cultivares AG 1051, AG 4051, BM 3061 e P 3232. Entre as quatro populações testadas, 50.000 plantas ha-1 foi a que promoveu os mais altos rendimentos para estas características. A cultivar AG 1051 demonstrou uma maior capacidade de suportar altas populações de plantas. O híbrido P 3232 apresenta, ciclo e acúmulo térmico superiores às demais cultivares, com BM 3061 constituindo-se na mais precoce.
Green corn is considered an economical alternative for small and medium agricultures of Piauí state, mainly in irrigated areas. The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of five hybrids (AG 4051, AG 1051, BM 3061, P 3232 and SWB 551) and a variety (Cativerde 2), of maize when submitted to four populations of plants (30, 40, 50 and 60 thousand plants ha-1) for the production of green ears, in Teresina-Piauí, in red-yellow eutrophic argisoil, under conditions of irrigation. It was used the experimental delineation in subdivided portions with six main treatments (cultivars), four secondary treatments (populations of plants) and four replications arranged in randomized blocks. The results allowed verifying that the growth in the number of plants in maize makes possible the increase in the height of the plants and the first ear, and the reduction in the length and diameter of the ears. As to characteristics related to the productive performance, the maize cultivars AG 4051, AG 1051, BM 3061 and P3232 were noted. Between four tested populations, 50.000 plants ha ha-1 was the one that promoted the highest profits for these characteristics. The cultivar AG 1051 showed a bigger capacity to tolerate high populations of plants. The hybrid P 3232 presents cycle and thermal accumulation superior to the other cultivars, being BM 3061 the most precocious one.
Rocha, Disraeli Reis da. "Desempenho de cultivares de milho verde submetidas a diferentes populações de plantas em condições de irrigação /". Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105296.
Texto completoBanca: Luiz Evaldo de Moura Pádua
Banca: Rogério Farinelli
Banca: Jose Carlos Barbosa
Banca: Leandro Borges Lemos
Resumo: A cultura do milho-verde é uma alternativa de grande valor econômico para pequenos e médios agricultores piauienses, principalmente em áreas irrigadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de avaliar o desempenho de cinco híbridos (AG 4051, AG 1051, BM 3061, P 3232 e SWB 551) e uma variedade (Cativerde 2) de milho quando submetidos a quatro populações de plantas (30; 40; 50 e 60 mil plantas ha-1), para produção de espigas verdes, em Teresina -- Piauí, em Argissolo Vermelho - Amarelo, eutrófico, sob condições de irrigação. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em parcelas subdivididas, com seis tratamentos principais (cultivares), quatro tratamentos secundários (populações de plantas) e quatro repetições dispostas em blocos casualizados. Os resultados obtidos permitiram verificar que o incremento no número de plantas em milho possibilita o aumento na altura da planta e da primeira espiga, e redução no comprimento e no diâmetro das espigas. Com relação as características relacionadas ao desempenho produtivo, destacaram-se as cultivares AG 1051, AG 4051, BM 3061 e P 3232. Entre as quatro populações testadas, 50.000 plantas ha-1 foi a que promoveu os mais altos rendimentos para estas características. A cultivar AG 1051 demonstrou uma maior capacidade de suportar altas populações de plantas. O híbrido P 3232 apresenta, ciclo e acúmulo térmico superiores às demais cultivares, com BM 3061 constituindo-se na mais precoce.
Abstract: Green corn is considered an economical alternative for small and medium agricultures of Piauí state, mainly in irrigated areas. The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of five hybrids (AG 4051, AG 1051, BM 3061, P 3232 and SWB 551) and a variety (Cativerde 2), of maize when submitted to four populations of plants (30, 40, 50 and 60 thousand plants ha-1) for the production of green ears, in Teresina-Piauí, in red-yellow eutrophic argisoil, under conditions of irrigation. It was used the experimental delineation in subdivided portions with six main treatments (cultivars), four secondary treatments (populations of plants) and four replications arranged in randomized blocks. The results allowed verifying that the growth in the number of plants in maize makes possible the increase in the height of the plants and the first ear, and the reduction in the length and diameter of the ears. As to characteristics related to the productive performance, the maize cultivars AG 4051, AG 1051, BM 3061 and P3232 were noted. Between four tested populations, 50.000 plants ha ha-1 was the one that promoted the highest profits for these characteristics. The cultivar AG 1051 showed a bigger capacity to tolerate high populations of plants. The hybrid P 3232 presents cycle and thermal accumulation superior to the other cultivars, being BM 3061 the most precocious one.
Doutor
Sanchez, Perez Célia. "Dispositifs optiques intègrés hybrides, verre / polymère électro-optique : applicationà un polariseur et à un modulateur de phase". Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0159.
Texto completoOuedraogo, Moussa. "Etude du rôle de la boucle C-terminale des récepteurs NPY Y1 et Y2 : Couplage biologique et séquences de régulation du trafic intracellulaire des récepteurs". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR13031.
Texto completoNeuropeptide (NPY) is a neurohormone involved in many physiological functions and pathophysiological states. NPY activates various receptors Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5. All are seven transmembrane domains receptors negatively coupled to the adenylyl cyclase via a Gi/o protein. The regulation of the activity of NPY receptors is not well documented. Recent study in the laboratory showed that the Y1 receptor is internalized and recycled to cell membrane upon agonist stimulation. Surprisingly, we did not observe internalization of the other Y2, Y4, Y5 receptors under the same conditions. It is therefore crucial to understand structural bases of the rapid internalization of the Y1 receptors by evaluating the importance of the C-terminal loop in the process of receptor endocytosis. To do so, we generated receptors punctually mutated or progressively deleted amino acids from its C-terminal tail and chimeric receptors resulting from the exchange of C-terminal tails between Y1 and Y2 receptors. All constructs were coupled to the EGFP in N-terminal and transfected in HEK 293 cells. We thereafter checked their functionality and analyzed the intracellular profile of receptors trafficking. Data showed that the C-terminal tail of the Y1 receptor is critical for receptor internalization mediated by the NPY but neither essential to its coupling with the adenylyl cyclase nor the receptor desensitization. The internalization induced by the agonist requires the presence of two motifs located on the C-terminal domain and i2 loop of the Y1 receptor. The Y2 receptor which is not internalized present only one of them localized in the C-terminal domain. In addition, deletion of the 27 or the last 32 amino acids of the C-terminal tail showed a constitutive endocytosis of the receptor which is not present in wild-type Y1 receptor. This tonic regulation of the truncated receptors would be due to the consensus motif YXX uncovered by truncation and/or to a conformational change of the receptor
Ayi-Yovo, Folly Eli. "Évaluation d’un module électro-optique hybride combinant la photonique sur silicium et sur verre pour des applications de multiplexage en longueur d’onde (WDM)". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT046/document.
Texto completoThe ever-increasing demand for telecommunications needs has highlighted the intrinsic limitations of electronics. Photonics has proven to be a suitable solution to its limitations. STMicroelectronics has developed a silicon photonic platform called PIC25G that allows single-channel transmission at 25 Gb/s. The data rate increase with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) encounter some constraints. The proposed solution is based on a hybrid approach integrating silicon photonics and glass ions exchanged photonics developed at the IMEP-LaHC laboratory. The solution consists of a glass interposer on which a silicon photonics chip is assembled. First, the studies focused on the components of the silicon chip especially on the optimization of grating couplers and (de)-multiplexers based on cascaded Mach Zehnder interferometers. Then, the optical and electrical passive components of the glass interposer were studied and realized. The feasibility of an optical coupling between the silicon chip and the glass interposer has been demonstrated. Finally, the test structures needed to validate the proposed solution were studied. These test structures allowed to transmit radiofrequency signals up to 40 GHz between the silicon chip and the glass interposer. A new approach to realize the optical waveguides of the interposer has been suggested and carried out in order to address the fabrication issues. Ultimately, this approach will provide an electro-optical module for high-speed applications
Grando, Jérôme. "Faisabilité et modélisation de matériaux à propriétés adaptatives : Cas de composites hybrides verre-expoxy renfermant des alliages à mémoire de forme". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECDL0037.
Texto completoOLIVEIRA, Luana Araújo de. "Desenvolvimento de membranas híbridas (PEUAPM/Argila verde dura organofílica) para remoção de emulsão óleo / água". Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2016. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/324.
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Este trabalho teve o objetivo de produzir membranas poliméricas (polietileno de ultra alto peso molecular – PEUAPM) e membranas híbridas (PEUAPM/argila verde dura organofílica) e avaliar, em escala de laboratório, o comportamento e o desempenho destas na remoção de emulsão óleo/água, utilizando uma coluna de separação por membranas. Os ensaios foram realizados nas condições de concentração inicial do óleo 100 mgL-1, temperatura igual a 25ºC, pressão atmosférica. As membranas poliméricas foram produzidas utilizando o método incipiente de pós, de acordo com o planejamento experimental que teve como variáveis de entrada a percentagem de massa de argila verde dura organofílica e o tempo de sinterização no forno elétrico, e como resposta a remoção de emulsão óleo/água. A argila verde dura foi organofilizada com o sal quaternário de amônio Genamim. As argilas verde dura: natural e organofílica foram caraterizadas pelas técnicas de Difração de raios X (DRX), Espectroscopia de florescência de raios X por energia dispersiva (FRX-ED), Adsorção física de N2, Capacidade de Troca de Cátions (CTC), Capacidade de adsorção e de Inchamento de Foster, Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), Análise Térmica Diferencial (ATD) e Termogravimétrica (TG). O polímero PEUAPM foi caracterizado pelas técnicas DRX e TG. As membranas produzidas (poliméricas e híbridas) foram caracterizadas pelas técnicas de DRX e Microscopia ótica (MO). Os resultados da análise de DRX mostraram que a argila verde dura natural apresenta reflexões características do grupo da esmectita. Após a organofilização, foi observado pelo difratograma que houve o deslocamento de picos e um aumento expressivo do espaçamento basal (d001) confirmando a efetiva intercalação do cátion quaternário de amônio (Genamin®) nas camadas interlamelares da argila verde dura. Os resultados obtidos por FRX-ED, adsorção física de nitrogênio e capacidade de troca catiônica demonstraram que a argila verde dura é tipicamente uma argila esmectítica. As membranas poliméricas e híbridas foram caracterizadas por DRX, em que apresentou os picos característicos de polietileno, e por MO, onde apresentou a distribuição dos grãos. A partir dos testes de separação da emulsão óleo/água, pode-se concluir que a inserção da argila verde dura organofílica ao polímero PEUAPM não melhorou o processo de separação da emulsão óleo/água. Dentre as membranas estudadas, polimérica e híbrida, os desempenhos foram semelhantes na separação da emulsão.
This work aimed to produce polymeric membranes and hybrid membranes (hard green organoclay/UHMWPE) and evaluate, on a laboratory scale, the behavior and performance of the membranes produced in removing oil / water emulsion using a separation column by membranes. Assays were performed in conditions of initial concentration of oil 100 mgL-1, temperature of 25°C atmospheric pressure. Polymeric membranes were produced using the incipient method of powders, according to the experimental design that had as input variables the percentage by mass of hard green organoclay and sintering time in the electric furnace, and in response to removing oil emulsion/water. The hard green clay was chemically with the quaternary ammonium salt Genamim. The hard green clays, natural and organoclay were characterized by diffraction techniques of X-ray (XRD) Spectroscopy blooming X-ray energy dispersive (FRX-ED), physical adsorption of N2, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) adsorption capacity and Foster's swelling, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Thermogravimetric (TG). The UHMWPE polymer was characterized by XRD and TG techniques. The produced membranes (polymeric and hybrid) were characterized by XRD techniques and optical microscopy (OM). The results of XRD analysis showed that the natural green hard clay has characteristics of reflections of the smectite group. After organophilization, it was observed by the XRD pattern which there was displacement peaks and a significant increase in basal spacing (d001) confirming the effective merging of the quaternary ammonium cation (Genamin®) interlayer in layers of hard green clay. The results obtained by ED-XRF, nitrogen adsorption and cation exchange capacity showed that hard green clay is typically a smectite clay. Polymeric and hybrid membranes were characterized by XRD, which showed the characteristic peaks of polyethylene, and MO, where he presented the distribution of the grain. From the tests separation of oil/water emulsion, it can be concluded that the insertion of hard green clay organophilic the UHMWPE polymer did not improve the process of separating oil/water emulsion. Among those studied, polymeric and hybrid membranes, the performances were similar in the separation of the emulsion.
Santos, Anelise Sempionato Souza. "Diretrizes para implantação de sistemas de infraestrutura verde em meio urbano: estudo de caso da cidade de Ribeirão Preto SP". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4389.
Texto completoUniversidade Federal de Sao Carlos
It deduces, nowadays, that one of the biggest challenges to be overcome by planning and urban management is the condition between the conservation of natural resources committed by the process of urbanization and the urban development. This lead to be necessity of developing strategies that provides control conditions and reverse the effects of the socio environmental degradation, as in the case of urban flooding and irregular settlements in conservation areas. From this context stands out the green infrastructure, a system based in environmental urban planning, which offers the perspective of upgrading the urban environment through the development of hybrid networks, that links green spaces and surface water areas. Through analyses of urban landscapes they are identified the socio environmental conditions and they establish strategies using specific planning to guarantee the existence, the recovering and expansion of natural resources in urban spaces. Thus the concept of green infrastructure comes from the idea that natural spaces fulfill infrastructure function, consolidating a landscape of high performance while offering environment benefits. To that situation, it uses several types that enable the conservation of natural ecosystem and their functions: climate regulations, soil permeability, aquifer supply, filtering the storm water, controlling the air and noisy pollution, increased by biodiversity and recreational areas, promotion of nom motorizing mobility, among others. Therefore, this study aims to define the real methods to introduce the system of green infrastructure in a geographic division in urban area of Ribeirão Preto SP, so that it is possible to establish to this area a model of occupation to mitigate negative environmental impacts caused by urban expansion. It will be useful as an example for other cities to get success when they consider this important aspect in their planning to urban space.
Constata-se, atualmente, que um dos grandes desafios a ser superado pelo planejamento e gestão urbana refere-se à conciliação entre a conservação dos recursos naturais, comprometidos pelo processo de urbanização, e o desenvolvimento urbano. Isso leva à necessidade de desenvolver estratégias que ofereçam condições de controle e reversão dos efeitos da degradação socioambiental, como no caso das inundações urbanas e das ocupações irregulares em áreas de preservação. A partir deste contexto destaca-se a infraestrutura verde, um sistema fundamentado no planejamento urbano ambiental, que oferece a perspectiva de requalificação do ambiente urbano por meio do desenvolvimento de redes hibridas, que articulam áreas verdes e corpos hídricos superficiais. Por meio de análises sobre a paisagem urbana, são identificadas as condições socioambientais do meio e estabelecidas estratégias, mediante planejamento específico, para garantir a existência, a recuperação e a ampliação dos recursos naturais existentes no espaço urbano. Desse modo, a concepção da infraestrutura verde parte da ideia de que espaços naturais cumpram funções infraestruturais, consolidando uma paisagem com elevado desempenho que oferece benefícios socioambientais. Para isso, faz-se uso de diversas tipologias que permitem a conservação dos ecossistemas naturais e de suas funções: regulação climática, permeabilidade do solo, abastecimento de aquíferos, filtragem das águas pluviais, controle da poluição atmosférica e sonora, aumento da biodiversidade e de áreas de lazer, promoção de mobilidade não motorizada, dentre outras. Logo, este trabalho visa definir as diretrizes necessárias à implantação de sistema de infraestrutura verde em um recorte geográfico sobre a área urbana de Ribeirão Preto SP, de forma que o espaço em questão possa estabelecer um modelo de ocupação que atenue os impactos ambientais negativos (ocasionados pela expansão urbana), além de servir como exemplo para que outras cidades tenham êxito ao considerar a infraestrutura verde como um importante aspecto no planejamento do espaço urbano.
Degbia, Wangata Saint-Martial. "Semi-conducteurs organiques [pi]-conjugués pour l'élaboration de dispositifs photovoltaïques hybrides solides à colorant". Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4044/document.
Texto completoThe aim ot this work has been to prepare new hole transporting molecular glasses based on carbazole moieties as an alternative to spiro-OMeTAD (standard material) in solid state dye sentitized solar cells (ssDSSC). We have synthesized several 3, 6, 9 substituted carbazole derivatives and have established their physical and chemical properties prior using them in photovoltaic devices. We have demonstrated the interest of grafting functional groups as bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amines on 3, 6 positions and aryl substitutes on the 9 position of carbazole to obtain efficient materials. Finally, this latter chemical structure has been used as a building block to develop an innovative concept of synthesis of carbazole based materials, smoothing the way to easy synthesis of a wide family of efficient molecular glasses for ssDSSC. Our best materials exhibit similar power conversion efficiency compare to the standard spiro-OMeTAD. According to these preliminary results, we expect reaching power conversion efficiencies over 15% with our carbazole based hole transporting materials associated with peroskite sensitizer
Imaddahen, Amine. "Étude expérimentale multi-échelle et modélisation hybride prédictive du comportement, de l'endommagement et de la durée de vie en fatigue d’un matériau composite polypropylène / fibres de verre". Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE063.
Texto completoThe main objective of this work, is to provide a numerical tool, capable of predicting the damage and fatigue life of thermoplastic matrix composites materials and structures. To do this, a multi-scale experimental study of the PPGF40 material (polypropylene loaded with 40% by mass of glass fiber) is carried out. A qualitative, but also a quantitative analysis of the various damage mechanisms occurring during mechanical loading was carried out through in-situ three-points SEM bending tests, interrupted fatigue tests and observations of fracture faces in monotonic and cyclic loading. In the light of these tests, we concluded that the decohesion of the fiber-matrix interface, and the propagation of cracks through the interfaces, appears to be, the predominant damage phenomenon leading to the fracture of the material and that, regardless of the orientation of the fibers and the loading mode. The proposed hybrid approach is based on a micromechanical / phenomenological model taking into account the damage at the fiber / matrix interface and the plasticity of the matrix. To do this, a local statistical criterion of damage at the fiber-matrix interface is introduced into a Mori and Tanaka model, and the linearization of the plastic behavior of the matrix is done step by step, using the mean field approach with a secant formulation. The micromechanical model used then, makes it possible to predict the behavior of the material under monotonic loading, and in particular the first stiffness loss during the fatigue. Analysis of the experimental results shows that the latter is directly related to the fatigue life of the material. Thus, a predictive methodology of the fatigue life is proposed and validated for various microstructural configurations. A fatigue failure criterion is proposed according to the number of cycles
Monsalve, Grijalba Karen. "Nanostructuration des électrodes pour l'électrocatalyse enzymatique : vers une biopile H2/O2 "verte"". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4745.
Texto completoAmong the technologies based on H2 as an energy carrier, biofuel cells that use specific and effective enzymes as biocatalysts instead of platinum catalysts appear as emerging alternative. The objective of this thesis is to understand the parameters governing the functional immobilization of specific enzymes for H2 oxidation and O2 reduction reactions on nanostructured interfaces, aimed to design a performant H2 / O2 biofuel cell.Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) having different sizes and surface chemistry are characterized. These nanomaterials develop important ratios surface / volume ratio, allow an increment in the number of enzyme molecules immobilized and therefore an increase catalytic currents. The immobilization of enzymes on AuNP allowed the discrimination between the increase in surface area and a nanomaterial effect on catalytic efficiency. The study on CNT integrates the charge of the electrochemical interface, dipole moments and the surface charge of enzymes. It demonstrated that electrostatic interactions control the electron transfer process. This study shows that the molecular basis for effective immobilization of enzymes, obtained on monolayers is applicable to 3D networks.The determination of the best parameters for enzymatic reactions, allows the development of an optimized 3-D volumetric interface based on carbon felt. We finally design for the first time a H2/O2 biofuel cell able to generate enough electric power to feed a complete wireless communication device
Attari, Nasser Eddine. "Réhabilitation et renforcement des poutres et noeuds en béton armé par des matériaux composites". Lorient, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LORIS186.
Texto completoA large number of existing buildings are faced with a lack of strength which may seriously compromise the security of persons in the case of seismic shaking. These buildings, conceived initially for vertical loading, were rarely designed and constructed so as to take up lateral seismic shaking movements. In the aim of improving the strength of these existing buildings, and hence attenuate the risks that may be induced, their rehabilitation and strengthening are of a strategic interest. The glued reinforcing technique in composite materials is widely being used as a new strengthening technique in structures. This technique is particularly interesting for the repair and strengthening of reinforced concrete structures. In the aim of reducing the cost and ensuring a relatively more ductile behaviour for the strengthened reinforced concrete elements, the addition of glass fibres could be considered as a replacement solution since glass fibres are relatively more deformable and with a lesser cost compared to carbon fibres. In this sense, the present work aims at evaluating the efficiency of external strengthening in FRP fabric (glass, carbon) on reinforced concrete elements. The study evaluate the influence and the efficiency of external strengthening of reinforced concrete beams and reinforced concrete bam-column joints using glass-FRP and carbon-FRP tissues in different strengthening configurations. These configurations combine the separate use of carbon fibres and glass fibres tissues unidirectional with a U-shaped anchorage, together with a bidirectional hybrid fabric glass-carbon fibre. A total of ten reinforced concrete beams and eleven reinforced concrete beam-column joints, were strengthened and tested under cyclic loading for the beams and alternate loading for the joints. The testing data analysed concerned the strength, the stiffness, the ductility and the failure mode. They clearly show that the strengthening configuration in a U-shape has considerably improved the flexural strength and contributed to the redistribution of internal forces, enabling the deformations of beams to increase. The use of a hybrid strengthening pattern glass-carbon unidirectionally was more efficient. It represents an advantageous solution for the strengthening of reinforced concrete structures
Cai, Muzhi. "Hybrid materials based on inorganic glasses doped with organophosphorus molecules for light emitting electrochemical cell applications". Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2019. http://partages.insa-rennes.fr/share/page/document-details?nodeRef=workspace://SpacesStore/cc6fb318-d6f8-4126-8db4-a2a825a605a7.
Texto completoThe light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) is a planar layered device, which is comprised of an electroluminescent organic semiconductor (OSC) and mobile ions as the active material sandwiched between an anode and a cathode. Electrolyte is one of the “short slab” of LEC technology. The main objective of this work is developing a new LEC device based on organophosphorus molecule doped organic-inorganic hybrid glass electrolyte. This hybrid glass cannot be synthesized by using classic melt-quenching technique because the melting temperature of glass is always much higher than the degradation temperature of organic molecule. Thus, in this work, we devote to that how to dope the organophosphorus molecule into the glass with high ionic conductivity. In first chapter, the background and mechanism of LEC were introduced. In the second chapter, we attempted to dope the organophosphorus molecule into silicate glass containing high lithium content by sol-gel method. In third chapter, we are working to obtain organophosphorus molecule doped phosphate glass with high ionic conductivity through spark plasm sintering (SPS). A hybrid phosphate glass with ionic conductivity of around 10 -7 S/cm was obtained, and strong photoluminescence was observed. Besides, the electrochemical properties were investigated as well. Moreover, during the process of preparing the LEC by SPS, an interesting phenomenon was found. A broadband blue emission was observed in rare-earth free zinc phosphate oxynitride glass. The fourth chapter is focus on this interesting phenomenon
Metri, Noura. "Elaboration de molécules pi-conjuguées à base de triphénylamine pour la réalisation de dispositifs photovoltaïques hybrides sensibilisés". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0521/document.
Texto completoSolid state dye-sensitized solar cells (ssDSSC) are considered as an emerging technology in order to replace conventional silicon solar cells or even those using liquid electrolyte. In order to improve the performance of ssDSSC devices, we were interested by the development of star-shaped molecules derived from thieno[3,2-b]thiophene unit and triphenylamine core.Two series of new substituted triphenylamine (TPA) derivatives with thiophene and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene units (with and without nonyl group C9H19) were synthesized in a combinatorial manner. These compounds were obtained by Stille or Suzuki coupling with a yield between 11% and 37% (from six to ten steps).In order to determine the properties of these compounds, thermal, optical and electrochemical characterizations were carried out. The measurements by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed a high stability of the compounds above 340°C. Differential thermal analysis (DSC) was used to determine the glass transition temperature (Tg) where the highest reaching 57°C. The optical and electronic gaps were determined by UV-Visible absorption ( we found from 2.87 eV to 2.41 eV in film) or cyclic voltammetry (we found from 3.26 eV to 2.60 eV). The energy levels of HOMO and LUMO were also determined by cyclic voltammetry. They showed adequate levels especially for HOMO levels (ideally HOMO between the dye and that of the cathode) for a photovoltaic application. Finally, hole mobility have shown encouraging results and promising ranging from 10-3 cm2.V-1.s-1 and 1 cm2.V-1.s-1.The theoretical study of these molecules was also carried out using molecular modeling as B3LYP. The energy levels (HOMO and LUMO), the optical gaps, and the energy of internal reorganization (giving an idea of the theoretical charges mobility) have the seam trend overlap the experimental data.The photovoltaic performance of these compounds was performed. An efficiency of 0.5% (not optimized results) has been obtained for the best of them. This efficiency was sustainable after one year. The pore filling ratio of this compound in TiO2 reached from 62 to 83%.Keywords : Solid state dye-sensitized solar cells (ssDSSC), triphenylamine, thieno[3,2-b]thiophene, thiophene, molecular glasses, theoretical calculations, pore filling
Cheviron, Perrine. "Nanostructuration de films nanocomposites amidon / argent et amidon / argent / montmorillonites par procédé de « chimie verte » : influence des voies de génération des nanoparticules métalliques sur la structure et les propriétés de transport". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10047/document.
Texto completoThe present work reports a strategy involving the preparation of silver nanoparticles in a biodegradable polymer stemming from either an ex situ or an in situ method, using in both cases a completely green chemistry process. The influence of the reducing agent concentration and the silver nanoparticles generation route is investigated on the structure, the morphology and the properties of the nanocomposite films. In both routes, silver nanoparticles with a diameter below 30 nm were highlighted in the nanocomposite films. For all nanocomposite films, no modification on the crystalline structure of the starch matrix is observed in the presence of silver. The in situ generation route allowed to obtain the smallest silver nanoparticles with a diameter below 10 nm. Crystalline silver nanoparticles were obtained only from the in situ generation route at the temperature of 85°C. The introduction of montmorillonites in both generation routes was also studied. The decrease of the water sorption and the improvement of water and oxygen barrier properties were found to be not dependent on the reducing agent concentration but mainly on the presence of the crystalline structure of the silver nanoparticles. Thus, significant enhancement of the barrier properties were finally obtained for the in situ nanocomposite films thanks to an efficient interaction between the crystalline silver nanoparticles and the starch matrix
Polato, Ivanilton. "Energy savings and performance improvements with SSDs in the Hadoop Distributed File System". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45134/tde-31102016-155908/.
Texto completoAo longo da última década, questões energéticas atraíram forte atenção da sociedade, chegando às infraestruturas de TI para processamento de dados. Agora, essas infraestruturas devem se ajustar a essa responsabilidade, adequando plataformas existentes para alcançar desempenho aceitável enquanto promovem a redução no consumo de energia. Considerado um padrão para o processamento de Big Data, o Apache Hadoop tem evoluído significativamente ao longo dos últimos anos, com mais de 60 versões lançadas. Implementando o paradigma de programação MapReduce juntamente com o HDFS, seu sistema de arquivos distribuídos, o Hadoop tornou-se um middleware tolerante a falhas e confiável para a computação paralela e distribuída para grandes conjuntos de dados. No entanto, o Hadoop pode perder desempenho com determinadas cargas de trabalho, resultando em elevado consumo de energia. Cada vez mais, usuários exigem que a sustentabilidade e o consumo de energia controlado sejam parte intrínseca de soluções de computação de alto desempenho. Nesta tese, apresentamos o HDFSH, um sistema de armazenamento híbrido para o HDFS, que usa uma combinação de discos rígidos e discos de estado sólido para alcançar maior desempenho, promovendo economia de energia em aplicações usando Hadoop. O HDFSH traz ao middleware o melhor dos HDs (custo acessível por GB e grande capacidade de armazenamento) e SSDs (alto desempenho e baixo consumo de energia) de forma configurável, usando zonas de armazenamento dedicadas para cada dispositivo de armazenamento. Implementamos nosso mecanismo como uma política de alocação de blocos para o HDFS e o avaliamos em seis versões recentes do Hadoop com diferentes arquiteturas de software. Os resultados indicam que nossa abordagem aumenta o desempenho geral das aplicações, enquanto diminui o consumo de energia na maioria das configurações híbridas avaliadas. Os resultados também mostram que, em muitos casos, armazenar apenas uma parte dos dados em SSDs resulta em economia significativa de energia e aumento na velocidade de execução
Benhattab, Safia. "Synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux organiques transporteurs de trous à base de carbazole : application aux cellules solaires DSSC solides et pérovskite". Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4014/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this work was to design, synthesize and characterize new carbazole based molecular glasses for the realization of solid state DSSC or perovskite solar cells. These structures would be an alternative to the reference molecule based on spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) mainly used in hybrid devices. We have optimized a simple way to synthetize a "synthon" as a precursor to the design of a wide variety of efficient hole transporting materials (HTM). This synthesis pathway has allowed producing a first generation of molecules based on a single carbazole synthon substituted by aryl groups (naphthalene, pyrene, triazatruxene) then a second generation incorporating two carbazole synthons separated by an alkyl spacer. In both cases, the synthesis pathways are simple and the energy conversion efficiencies generated in solid DSSCs are promising (between 2.22 % and 2.47 % with the D102 dye). A preliminary ageing study has consisted in analyzing the degradation during thermolysis or photolysis of a carbazole based thin film. It was shown that Cz-P possesses stability similar to Spiro-OMeTAD in the absence of oxygen. Finally, two carbazole molecular glasses were studied in perovskite cells to achieve conversion efficiencies of 13.08 % and 12.41 % (for Cz-P and Cz-PF respectively) almost identical to the one based on Spiro-OMeTAD (13.45 %), confirming that these carbazole based structures are good candidates for the realization of efficient perovskite cells