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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Victorian pastures"

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Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 20 de febrero de 2023

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1

Robertson, S. M. "Mass to height relationships in annual pastures and prediction of sheep growth rates." Animal Production Science 54, no. 9 (2014): 1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14072.

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The relationship between pasture height and mass influences the availability of pasture for grazing, and is important for predicting intake of pasture and liveweight change by sheep. The relationship between pasture mass and structure and sheep production is poorly defined for low-mass, clumpy pastures in low-rainfall regions. Between 2001 and 2004, 480 quadrats of pastures were measured in 23 paddocks throughout the Victorian Mallee. Pasture height was related to live mass for medic (linear; r2 = 0.70; P < 0.001) and grassy medic (asymptotic; r2 = 0.64; P < 0.001) pastures, and predicti
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2

Crawford, DM, TG Baker, and J. Maheswaran. "Soil pH changes under Victorian pastures." Soil Research 32, no. 1 (1994): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9940105.

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The severity and extent of surface soil acidification was assessed at 107 pasture sites across Victoria. At each site, soil samples (0.20 cm depth) were taken from the pasture area and an adjacent reference (undisturbed) area for analysis of soil pH (1:5 0.01 m CaCl2 or water). Acidification was evident in the 0.10 cm depth of sites with moderately and slightly acid (pH [water] 5.5-7) reference soils, while alkalinization was evident in the 0.20 cm depth of sites with strongly acid (pH [water] <5.5) reference soils. Causes of pH changes were not clearly evident from the relationships betwee
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3

Reed, K. F. M., J. R. Walsh, P. A. Cross, N. M. McFarlane, and M. A. Sprague. "Ryegrass endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii) alkaloids and mineral concentrations in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) from southwest Victorian pasture." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 12 (2004): 1185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03242.

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On all of 120 farms in south-west Victoria that were selected at random and sampled during autumn and winter over 2 years, perennial ryegrass was present in the pasture and tested positive for the presence of the naturally occurring ryegrass endophyte, Neotyphodium lolii (mean frequency 78%). Ryegrass staggers were reported on 33% (1999) and 43% (2000) of the surveyed farms. Clinically significant concentrations of lolitrem B were detected in perennial ryegrass samples with concentrations in the range 0–4.44 mg/kg. Concentration exceeded 1.8 mg/kg in 37% of pastures indicating an inherent, wid
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4

Trompf, J. P., and P. W. G. Sale. "The paired-paddock model as an agent for change on grazing properties across south-east Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 4 (2000): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00046.

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A detailed study was undertaken on the pasture management practices of 146 producers across south-east Australia who participated in the Grassland’s Productivity Program (GPP) for 3 years between 1993 and 1997. The GPP was an extension program to assist wool producers to develop skills and gain confidence in their ability to manage more productive pastures on their farms. The program consisted of 50 farmer groups (200 farmers participating) spread across the 4 states of South Australia, southern New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. Each farmer established paired-paddocks on their own proper
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5

Harris, R. H., M. J. Unkovich, and J. Humphris. "Mineral nitrogen supply from pastures to cereals in three northern Victorian environments." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 1 (2006): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04177.

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An experiment at 3 sites (Birchip, Elmore and Speed) in the northern Victorian cropping belt compared dry matter (DM) production of short-term (2 year) pastures and their contributions to soil mineral nitrogen (N) and subsequent wheat and barley production. The pastures included different varieties of subterranean clover, annual medic and lucerne, and these were compared with ryegrass-dominant pasture, which represented the experimental control. More productive legume pastures generally resulted in greater accumulation of soil mineral N at sowing of the following cereal at both Elmore and Spee
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6

Robertson, S. M. "Predicting pasture and sheep production in the Victorian Mallee with the decision support tool, GrassGro." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 8 (2006): 1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04034.

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The GrassGro decision support tool was designed to quantify sheep and pasture production in response to management and climate variability in temperate Australia, and has been tested in temperate but not low-rainfall Australian conditions. Data from field experiments and from on-farm monitoring was used to test GrassGro predictions of annual and perennial pasture production, and sheep production at 4 locations throughout the Victorian Mallee, which is a low-rainfall area (275–375 mm annually). Predictions of long-term pasture production were then made. Predictions of the herbage biomass of ann
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7

Elliott, D. E., and R. J. Abbott. "Nitrogen fertiliser use on rain-fed pasture in the Mt Lofty Ranges, SouthAustralia. 2. Responses of perennial grasses, Tama ryegrass, andsod-sown oats to nitrogen fertiliser and cutting frequency." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 6 (2003): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01132.

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Two series of experiments were conducted in the Mt Lofty Ranges, South Australia, to examine, in a grass–subterranean clover pasture, the contribution of the companion grass to herbage mass and the responsiveness to the application of nitrogen (N) fertiliser. The first study examined the responsiveness, to a single rate of N, of grass–clover pastures containing either Tama ryegrass, sod-sown oats or 1 of 4 perennial grasses, viz. Victorian perennial ryegrass, Demeter fescue, Currie cocksfoot or Australian phalaris. These were compared in 2 experiments, under 3��different cutting frequencies at
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8

Reed, K. F. M., W. J. Mace, L. V. Walker, and L. R. Fletcher. "Endophyte metabolites associated with perennial ryegrass toxicosis." Animal Production Science 56, no. 5 (2016): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14495.

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Perennial ryegrass (PRG) was analysed for alkaloids associated with the expression of perennial ryegrass endophyte toxicosis (PRGT) in south-east Australia. Over two seasons, the PRG cultivar Samson (‘high endophyte’, viz. naturally infected with a wild-type strain of Epichloë festucae var. lolii) was sampled on five occasions during November to May at four farms in Victoria and at Lincoln, New Zealand. Endophyte frequency in the populations was 77–100%. PRG was also sampled from 20 Victorian and Tasmanian farm pastures where stock were experiencing PRGT (endophyte infection frequencies of 87–
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9

Gardner, WK, RG Fawcett, GR Steed, JE Pratley, DM Whitfield, Hvan Rees, and Rees H. Van. "Crop production on duplex soils in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 7 (1992): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9920915.

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The environment, duplex soil types and trends in crop production in South Australia, southern New South Wales, north-eastern and north-central Victoria, the southern Wimmera and the Victorian Western District are reviewed. In the latter 2 regions, pastoral industries dominate and crop production is curtailed by regular and severe soil waterlogging, except for limited areas of lower rainfall. Subsurface drainage can eliminate waterlogging, but is feasible only for the Western District where subsoils are sufficiently stable. The other regions all have a long history of soil degradation due to cr
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10

Lorimer, MS, and LA Douglas. "Effect of management practice on properties of a Victorian red-brown earth .1. Soil physical-properties." Soil Research 33, no. 5 (1995): 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9950851.

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The effects of five management practices (native forest, native pasture, Phalaris pasture, crop-pasture rotation, continuous cropping), that had been in place for 18 years, on some soil physical properties of a red-brown earth near Bendigo, Victoria, were studied. Particle size distribution, bulk density and hydraulic conductivity of soil in the A and B horizons at different, management sites were measured. Where cultivation had occurred, soil in the A horizon contained less silt and clay, and more fine sand and coarse sand. The bulk density of the A horizon of soil that had produced at least
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11

Robertson, S. M., and R. K. Wimalasuriya. "Limitations to pasture and sheep enterprises and options for improvement in the Victorian Mallee." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 9 (2004): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03030.

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A survey of 29 sheep producers was conducted to benchmark current sheep production practices and producer attitudes to sheep and pasture management in the Victorian Mallee. This report describes the farming systems, defines current sheep management practices and identifies management issues that are limiting production. It also highlights limitations of adoption, suggests potential adoption rates of specific practices by producers, and estimates increases in productivity achievable. Sheep producers could achieve small gains in farm productivity (an estimated average 0.3% annually) by adopting
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12

Latta, RA, and PE Quigley. "A comparison of the persistence of Medicago truncatula cv. Paraggio with other annual medics in the Victorian Mallee." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 4 (1993): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930443.

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The annual medic Medicago truncatula cv. Paraggio has been widely sown in pastures throughout the Victorian Mallee region; however, its ability to persist in cereal pasture rotations is not known. Seed permeability and production, and plant regeneration of Paraggio, were studied in the field over 4 years, and the changes in its seed reserve were examined under 3 different cereal-pasture rotations. When compared with medic cvv. Parabinga, Harbinger, and Jemalong, Paraggio had up to twice the level of permeable seed over the summer-autumn period in 2 years (7-36% v. 2.5-19%). Paraggio produced 3
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13

McCallum, M. H., M. B. Peoples, and D. J. Connor. "Contributions of nitrogen by field pea (Pisum sativum L.) in a continuous cropping sequence compared with a lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)-based pasture ley in the Victorian Wimmera." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51, no. 1 (2000): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99023.

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The nitrogen (N) dynamics (N2 fixation inputs, changes in soil mineral N and total N, N removed in agricultural produce) of a lucerne-based phase farming system (grazed lucerne–annual medic–ryegrass pastures grown in rotation with crops) was compared with that of continuous cropping (cereal, oilseed, and legume pulse crops) in the Victorian Wimmera. The contribution of biological N2 fixation to the N economy of these different systems was strongly linked to biomass production by the legume components of pastures, or field pea in the cropping sequence. The amount of fixed N present in field pea
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14

Bird, PR, MJ Watson, and JWD Cayley. "Effect of stocking rate, season and pasture characteristics on liveweight gain of beef steers grazing perennial pastures." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 40, no. 6 (1989): 1277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9891277.

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In each of 4 years (1975-78) yearling steers at stocking rates (SR) of 1.1-3.6 steers/ha continuously grazed pastures sown in 1971 with Trifolium subterraneum cv. Mt. Barker, Phalaris aquatica cv. Australian and Lolium perenne cv. Victorian at Hamilton from Mar. to Jan. Data on liveweight gain (LWG), fat depth and pasture attributes were collected over the 4 years. Body composition was estimated periodically over the first 2 years, using tritiated water. Relationships between LWG and SR were established and the overall annual effect was LWG (kg)=237-39.7 SR. However, most or all of the gains m
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15

Crawford, DM, TG Baker, and J. Maheswaran. "Changes in soil chemistry associated with changes in soil-pH in Victorian pastures." Soil Research 33, no. 3 (1995): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9950491.

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Relationships between changes in soil pH and changes in other soil chemical properties were examined using data from a survey of 107 pasture sites from across Victoria. At each site, soil samples (0-5, 5-10, 10-15 and 15-20 cm depths) were taken from the pasture and an adjacent undisturbed (reference) area for chemical analysis. Changes in soil chemical properties were inferred from differences between pasture and reference soils. Increases in extractable Al and extractable Mn and decreases in the sum of exchangeable cations were associated with decreases in pH. Changes in soil organic C, tota
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16

Robertson, S. M., and J. G. Smith. "Do some naturalised legumes have the potential to improve pasture production in the Victorian Mallee?" Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 5 (2006): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04262.

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Some naturalised (not commercialised or deliberately sown) annual pasture legumes may be valuable pasture components, but their production relative to commercial species is poorly defined. This study aimed to determine the relative productivity, morphology, nutritive value, ecotype variation and sulfonylurea tolerance of some naturalised species in the Victorian Mallee. A series of 3 glasshouse and 2 ungrazed field experiments compared the production of haresfoot clover (Trifolium arvense L.), little woolly burr medic (Medicago minima L.), spineless M. minima, and M. monspeliaca (L.) Trautv. w
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17

Robertson, S. M. "Crop stubbles are as important for sheep production as annual pastures in the Victorian Mallee." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 8 (2006): 993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04033.

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The impact of different management strategies on production and profit can be evaluated with knowledge of how sheep production responds to changes in the available feed base and sheep or pasture management. This study aimed to quantify on-farm pasture and sheep production in mixed sheep and cropping systems in the Victorian Mallee of south-eastern Australia (325 ± 50 mm annual rainfall) as a prelude to computer simulation modelling. During 2001 (average rainfall) and 2002 (extreme drought) pasture production, the feed base and sheep production were monitored in 15 paddocks on 5 properties loca
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18

McCallum, M. H., D. J. Connor, and G. J. O'Leary. "Water use by lucerne and effect on crops in the Victorian Wimmera." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, no. 2 (2001): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99164.

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The effect of the perennial legume lucerne on the soil water regime of a farming system in the Victorian Wimmera was investigated by a combination of direct field measurements and the use of simulation modelling. In the field, soil profiles under lucerne-based pastures (also containing annual medic and Wimmera ryegrass) remained consistently drier throughout the year compared with continuous annual cropping. The amount of plant-available soil water (0–2.0 m) after 3–4 years of lucerne pasture was on average 48 mm less than after annual crops (wheat, field pea), most of which (81%) was extracte
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19

Reed, K. F. M., Z. N. Nie, L. V. Walker, W. J. Mace, and S. G. Clark. "Weather and pasture characteristics associated with outbreaks of perennial ryegrass toxicosis in southern Australia." Animal Production Science 51, no. 8 (2011): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11016.

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Severe outbreaks of toxicosis caused by the natural endophyte Neotyphodium lolii in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) have occasionally resulted in heavy loss of livestock in Victoria and Tasmania. Meteorological records were examined from locations where acute toxicosis was recorded. High rainfall (>350 mm) in spring–summer was an obvious common feature; typically, it prolonged the period of high growth rate of pasture, increasing predicted spring–summer (September–March) growth (by ~36%) and increasing the predicted digestibility of organic matter of summer pasture (1 February) by 2.
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20

Walsh, GL, and HA Birrell. "Seasonal variations in the chemical composition and nutritive value of five pasture species in south-western Victoria." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 6 (1987): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870807.

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The dry matter digestibility (DMD), grinding energy, and the concentration of neutral detergent fibre, crude protein, soluble carbohydrate, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus in 5 pasture species were monitored over 2 years from pasture which was grazed at 14.8 sheep/ha in south-western Victoria. The species were: perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Victorian), phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L. cv. Australian), Yorkshire fog grass (Holcus lanatus), subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum cv. Mount Barker), and capeweed (Arctotheca calendula). Perennial ryegrass and su
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21

Doyle, PW, R. Barlow, and RE Darnell. "Straightbred and crossbred weaner steers bred in north-eastern New South Wales and grown on Victorian foodlots and pastures." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 8 (1992): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9920999.

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Weaner steers of 6 breed types were procured from 82 herds from the North Coast of New South Wales and grown in feedlots and on pastures in Victoria over a 3-year period. Growth and carcass traits were compared when adjusted to a common initial liveweight (204 kg), and breed type effects were tested using the between-herd (of origin) mean square as error. Steers comprised Hereford; first-cross Angus x Hereford (A x H); first-cross Brahman x Hereford (B X H); Braford; an outcross A x (B x H); and a backcross H x (B x H). Initial liveweight was significantly and positively correlated with final
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22

Heard, J. W., S. A. Francis, and P. T. Doyle. "Nutritive characteristics of annual species in irrigated pasture in northern Victoria." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 8 (2006): 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04268.

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We examined changes in estimated metabolisable energy (ME), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) concentrations of irrigated annual pastures through winter and spring in 2002. The types of pastures sampled were ‘high’ subterranean clover (HS, at least 800 g/kg DM clover), ‘low’ subterranean clover (LS, about 400 g/kg DM clover) and ‘low’ Persian clover (LP, about 500 g/kg DM clover). Estimates were also made of selection differentials, namely the nutrient concentration in the pasture fraction likely to be consumed expressed as a proportion of the nutrient concentration in the w
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23

Dove, H., RW Mayes, and M. Freer. "Effects of species, plant part, and plant age on the n-alkane concentrations in the cuticular wax of pasture plants." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 47, no. 8 (1996): 1333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9961333.

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Plants of the pasture species Phalaris aquatica cv. Sirosa, Lolium perenne cv. Victorian, Trifolium repens cv. Irrigation White, T. subterraneum ssp. subterraneum cv. Mt Barker, T. subterraneum ssp. yanninicum cv. Trikkala, and Medicago sativa cv. Siriver were grown under controlled glasshouse conditions. At weekly intervals, 6 plants of each species were harvested and dissected into their component plant parts. The concentrations of n-alkanes in plant parts from all species were then estimated using gas chromatography. Results confirmed earlier studies that alkanes with odd-numbered carbon ch
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24

Saul, Geoffrey, Gavin Kearney, and Dion Borg. "Pasture systems to improve productivity of sheep in south-western Victoria. 1. Growth, composition, nutritive value and persistence of resown pastures." Animal Production Science 49, no. 8 (2009): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06142.

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Two pasture systems were compared at five on-farm sites across south-western Victoria between 1990 and 1996. The ‘typical’ pasture treatment mimicked the pasture and grazing management common in the region, with volunteer annual-based pastures fertilised with around 5 kg/ha phosphorus (P) each year. The ‘upgraded’ pasture treatments were resown to phalaris, perennial ryegrass and subterranean clover, and higher rates of fertiliser (13–25 kg P/ha.year) plus other nutrients were applied. Both pastures were set stocked with the participating farmers breeding ewes. Stocking rate was an emergent va
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Stockdale, C. R. "Effects of season and time since defoliation on the nutritive characteristics of three irrigated perennial pasture species in northern Victoria 2. Macro-minerals." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 5 (1999): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98052.

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During 1993–94, the nutritive characteristics of white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Haifa), ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Ellet) and paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum) were examined at weekly intervals on 4 occasions. On each occasion, they were initially defoliated with a drum mower and allowed to regrow for up to 9 weeks; dates of the 4 initial harvests were 24 September, 26 November, 28 January and 25 March. The objective of the part of a larger study that is reported here was to examine changes in macro-minerals of the 3 species as they regrew after defoliation, in order to start providing infor
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26

Ridley, AM, and DR Coventry. "Yield responses to lime of phalaris, cocksfoot, and annual pastures in north-eastern Victoria." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 8 (1992): 1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9921061.

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Yield responses of 3 mixed grass-clover pastures [Phalaris aquatica L. cv. Sirosa (phalaris), Dactylis glomerata cv. Porto (cocksfoot), and annual grass based Trifolium subterraneum L. cv. Trikkala (subterranean clover) pastures] were measured over 5 soil pH treatments at 2 sites in Victoria. One site (Beechworth) was strongly acidic [pH(CaCl2) < 4.21 to a depth of 40 cm and contained high concentrations of soil aluminium (Al). At the other site (Lake Rowan), yield responses to lime application had been measured previously, but only in Al-sensitive wheat cultivars. At Beechworth, pasture yi
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Lawson, A. R., and K. B. Kelly. "Responses to the renovation of an irrigated perennial pasture in northern Victoria. 1. Pasture consumption and nutritive characteristics." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 2 (2007): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05258.

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A field experiment was established in northern Victoria in the autumn of 1999 to quantify the effects of renovating a 15-year-old irrigated perennial pasture which had a high paspalum content [>40% dry matter (DM)] in summer. The treatments were: (i) control, the existing pasture; (ii) oversown, in which the existing pasture was grazed, topped and direct drilled; and (iii) resown, in which the existing pasture was sprayed, cultivated and sown with a new pasture. The grass species used in both renovation treatments were perennial ryegrass, Italian ryegrass and tall fescue. The treatments wer
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Saul, Geoffrey, Gavin Kearney, and Dion Borg. "Pasture systems to improve productivity of sheep in south-western Victoria 2. Animal production from ewes and lambs." Animal Production Science 51, no. 11 (2011): 982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11010.

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Two pasture systems (Typical, Upgraded) were compared at five on-farm sites across south-western Victoria between 1990 and 1996. The Typical pasture treatment mimicked the pastures common in the region, with volunteer annual-based species fertilised with ~5 kg/ha.year phosphorus (P). The Upgraded pasture treatment was sown to phalaris, perennial ryegrass and subterranean clover using cultivars recommended for the particular area. Higher rates of fertiliser (13–25 kg/ha.year P) plus other nutrients were applied. Both pastures were set-stocked with breeding ewes. The stocking rate on the Typical
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29

reardon, joan. "Simple Meals with M.F.K. Fisher." Gastronomica 8, no. 2 (2008): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2008.8.2.26.

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During the early 70s, M.F.K. Fisher moved from her large Victorian home in St. Helena to a unique three-room palazzino, designed by David Bouverie on his Glen Ellen ranch. Mary Frances named her new home Last House and slowly adjusted to life among the natural waterfalls, streams, vineyards, and pastures. But she was also careful to balance living the Valley of the Moon with living in older, familiar landscapes. Provence drew her like a magnet, and in 1973, 1976, and 1978, with her sister Norah as a companion, she lived for extended periods of time Marseille and Aix, This article focuses on th
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Trapnell, L. N., A. M. Ridley, B. P. Christy, and R. E. White. "Sustainable grazing systems: economic and financial implications of adopting different grazing systems in north-eastern Victoria." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 8 (2006): 981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03022.

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Data from experimental sites at Maindample and Ruffy, on which different grazing systems were implemented, was extrapolated to a 100-ha paddock on a commercial property to determine their economic and financial implications. Included into the analyses were risk assessments to allow for sowing failures due to adverse seasonal conditions and price variability of meat and wool during the life of the pasture. Where graziers carried out pasture improvement, the results indicated that changing from control (low-input pasture stocked at a low intensity) to high-input (high stocking rates and fertilis
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Lawson, A. R., P. W. G. Sale, and K. B. Kelly. "Effect of defoliation frequency on an irrigated perennial pasture in northern Victoria. 1. Seasonal production and sward composition." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 48, no. 6 (1997): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a96088.

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A field experiment was carried out to investigate whether changes in winter and post-winter defoliation frequency would increase the white clover content of an irrigated perennial ryegrass–white clover pasture in northern Victoria. Pastures defoliated every 4 weeks during winter had higher white clover growing point (stolon apices with at least 2 nodes) density at the end of winter than pastures defoliated every 8 weeks or those receiving a single defoliation after 16 weeks, but these differences did not affect the clover content in the spring. Reasons for this are suggested. Pastures defoliat
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Crawford, MC, and MR Macfarlane. "Lucerne reduces soil moisture and increases livestock production in an area of high groundwater recharge potential." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 2 (1995): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950171.

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A grazing experiment was conducted on an area with high groundwater recharge potential in northeastern Victoria from 1988 to 1992. Merino wether weaners were grazed on either lucerne (Medicago sativa) or a pasture consisting of annual species (Trifolium spp., Lolium rigidum, Vulpia bromoides, Hordeum leporinum) at 5.0, 8.75, or 12.5 wethers/ha. Lucerne pastures were rotationally grazed and annual pastures were set-stocked. Measurements included herbage mass, lucerne plant density, sheep liveweight, wool production and fibre diameter, and soil moisture potential. Herbage mass in both pasture tr
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33

Chan, K. Y., A. Oates, G. D. Li, M. K. Conyers, R. J. Prangnell, G. Poile, D. L. Liu, and I. M. Barchia. "Soil carbon stocks under different pastures and pasture management in the higher rainfall areas of south-eastern Australia." Soil Research 48, no. 1 (2010): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr09092.

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In Australia, pastures form the basis of the extensive livestock industries and are important components of crop rotation systems. Despite recent interest in the soil carbon sequestration value of pastures in the mitigation of climate change, little information is available on the soil carbon sequestration potential of pastures in New South Wales farming systems. To quantify the soil carbon stocks under different pastures and a range of pasture management practices, a field survey of soil carbon stocks was undertaken in 2007 in central and southern NSW as well as north-eastern Victoria, using
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34

Thompson, A. N., A. J. Kennedy, J. Holmes, and G. Kearney. "Arrowleaf clover improves lamb growth rates in late spring and early summer compared with subterranean clover pastures in south-west Victoria." Animal Production Science 50, no. 8 (2010): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09100.

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The profitable production of lamb from pasture-based systems is dependent on high levels of pasture production being efficiently utilised by sheep of superior genetic merit. Pastures that can extend the pasture-growing season and provide high quality feed in late spring and summer have the potential to increase production efficiency and the proportion of lambs that meet market specifications. In this paper we tested the hypothesis that arrowleaf clover (cv. Arrotas), a cultivar selected for late maturity, would supply feed of higher nutritive value than conventional annual legumes and perennia
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35

Ridley, AM, WJ Slattery, KR Helyar, and A. Cowling. "Acidification under grazed annual and perennial grass based pastures." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 4 (1990): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9900539.

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Soil samples to a depth of 60 cm were collected from adjacent, 39-year-old, phalaris-based and annual pasture fields on an acid soil at Rutherglen, north-eastern Victoria. The fields had similar histories of fertiliser application and stock enterprise. Minimum net acid addition rates were determined under both pasture types, and the soil under annual pasture showed greater acidification. Carbon cycle acid addition contributed 1.3 1 and 1.36 kmol H+/ha.year to net acid addition on annual and phalaris pastures, respectively. Because slow alkaline soil reactions in the field contribute to bufferi
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36

Kemp, D. R., and P. M. Dowling. "Towards sustainable temperate perennial pastures." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 2 (2000): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98003.

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Naturalised pastures across the higher rainfall (>600 mm) perennial pasture zone of south-eastern Australia are less productive than they were, while sown pastures fail to maintain their initial levels of production. Several factors have contributed to this, including lack of knowledge of suitable grazing practices, weed invasion, increasing acid soils, rising water tables and poor management practices during droughts. A key issue in each case is the decline in perennial grass species which is both a cause and effect of the decline in productivity and sustainability of these ecosystems. Thi
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37

Culvenor, R. A., S. P. Boschma, and K. F. M. Reed. "Persistence of winter-active phalaris breeding populations, cultivars and other temperate grasses in diverse environments of south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 2 (2007): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05342.

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Three winter-active populations of phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.), selected over two generations for improved persistence under grazing, were evaluated with commercial cultivars of phalaris and other temperate perennial grasses from 1999–2003 in three environments of south-eastern Australia as part of a program to develop a cultivar for more sustainable pastures and to assess genotype × environment interaction. Grazed sites were located at Bulart in western Victoria, and Rye Park on the Southern Tablelands and Tamworth on the North West Slopes of New South Wales. At the conclusion of the expe
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38

Ward, G. N., S. G. Clark, G. A. Kearney, M. R. McCaskill, M. C. Raeside, A. R. Lawson, and R. Behrendt. "Summer-active perennials in pasture systems improve seasonal pasture distribution without compromising winter-spring production." Crop and Pasture Science 64, no. 7 (2013): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13003.

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Improved dryland pastures for sheep and beef cattle production in south-western Victoria are typically based on summer-dormant cultivars of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) or phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.). These are highly productive in spring but exhibit low accumulation rates over summer–autumn. Summer-active perennial pasture species could potentially alleviate this summer–autumn feed gap. Three pasture systems that used different pastures on each of the three landscape classes (crest, slope, and valley floor) were compared over 4 years. The perennial ryegrass system (henceforth Ry
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39

Bird, P. R., T. T. Jackson, G. A. Kearney, G. R. Saul, R. A. Waller, and G. Whipp. "The effect of improved pastures and grazing management on soil water storage on a basaltic plains site in south-west Victoria." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 6 (2004): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03019.

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Soil salinity of non-irrigated farmlands in Australia has been largely attributed to tree clearing and their replacement by annual pasture and crop species. This paper deals with the effects of sowing perennial ryegrass and greater inputs of fertiliser, and the effect of grazing management, on water use and the potential to improve recharge control on a gravelly soil derived from basalt.In 1991, neutron access tubes were inserted into plots on a project established in 1989 to examine the impact of upgrading the pasture on sheep productivity. These plots were subdivided in 1996 to examine the i
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40

Douglas, M. L., M. J. Auldist, J. L. Jacobs, M. C. Hannah, S. C. Garcia, and W. J. Wales. "Quantifying the ruminal degradation of nutrients in three cultivars of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) sampled during early spring and summer." Animal Production Science 60, no. 3 (2020): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19002.

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Context The Australian dairy industry is characterised by pasture-based feeding systems, where grazed pasture is commonly supplemented with cereal grain to increase milk production of dairy cows. Perennial ryegrass (PRG; Lolium perenne L.) is the most commonly used pasture species, with a wide range of cultivars available. However, the nutritive characteristics and the degradation of nutrients in individual PRG cultivars grown in different environments in Australia are unknown, and significant variation between cultivars may impact on supplementary nutrient requirements. Aims The objective of
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41

Waller, R. A., P. W. G. Sale, G. R. Saul, and G. A. Kearney. "Tactical versus continuous stocking in perennial ryegrass-subterranean clover pastures grazed by sheep in south-western Victoria. 3. Herbage nutritive characteristics and animal production." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 8 (2001): 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01019.

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A 4-year grazing experiment was carried out in south-western Victoria to compare the effect of tactical stocking with continuous stocking on the persistence of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and the productivity of sheep used for prime lamb production. Tactical stocking consisted of variable length summer, autumn and winter rotations and continuous stocking in spring. The 2 grazing strategies were compared on 2 contrasting pastures: an upgraded pasture, sown with newer cultivars of perennial ryegrass and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) with 26 kg phosphorus/ha.year, and
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42

Leddin, C. M., J. L. Jacobs, K. F. Smith, K. Giri, B. Malcolm, and C. K. M. Ho. "Development of a system to rank perennial ryegrass cultivars according to their economic value to dairy farm businesses in south-eastern Australia." Animal Production Science 58, no. 8 (2018): 1552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17815.

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Dairy production systems in south-eastern Australia are based primarily on grazed pasture. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is the major grass species used in this region and farmers are faced with the challenge of choosing from more than 60 commercially available cultivars. This paper describes the development of a system termed as a forage value index that ranks the overall performance of perennial ryegrass cultivars relative to cultivar Victorian according to the summation of the estimated difference in the value of seasonal dry-matter (DM) yield of the cultivars. Average predicted se
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43

Ridley, A. M., R. J. Simpson, and R. E. White. "Nitrate leaching under phalaris, cocksfoot, and annual ryegrass pastures and implications for soil acidification." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 1 (1999): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a98038.

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Nitrogen uptake and nitrate (NO-3) leaching below 1.1 m was estimated under phalaris, cocksfoot, and annual ryegrass pastures and under bare fallow in a 4-year field experiment under control and high N (500 kg N/ha) treatments in north-eastern Victoria (693 mm/year rainfall for the study period). The perennial grasses, particularly phalaris, took up more N in herbage than annual ryegrass. High concentrations of NO3-N were measured at 1 m depth below all treatments, suggesting that NO3- losses from pastures have potential to contaminate streams and/or groundwater. Perennial pastures were only a
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44

Nie, Z. N., D. F. Chapman, J. Tharmaraj, and R. Clements. "Effects of pasture species mixture, management, and environment on the productivity and persistence of dairy pastures in south-west Victoria. 1. Herbage accumulation and seasonal growth pattern." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 6 (2004): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar03174.

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An experiment was conducted on 2 contrasting soil types for 4 years (1998–2001) to determine the effects of plant species mixture, management inputs, and environment on sown species herbage accumulation (SSHA) and seasonal growth pattern of pastures for dairy production. Five pasture types, combined with 3 management treatments, were established in south-west Victoria. Three of the pasture types were based on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.). One pasture type included short-term, winter- or summer-active species in the perennial ryegrass–white clove
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45

Henskens, F. L. F. "The biology and management of Axonopus affinis (Chase) in Australian pastures." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 48, no. 8 (1997): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a97023.

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Carpetgrass (Axonopus affinis Chase) was described in terms of its botany, origin, distribution, seasonal growth, habitat, and dispersal. Factors that determine its agronomic importance were examined. Emphasis was given to management and ecological factors which influence competition between carpetgrass and sown pasture species. It is concluded that the management strategies that have been developed and successfully adopted in Queensland and New South Wales need to be tested for use in irrigated pastures in northern Victoria
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46

Waller, R. A., P. W. G. Sale, G. R. Saul, and G. A. Kearney. "Tactical versus continuous stocking in perennial ryegrass-subterranean clover pastures grazed by sheep in south-western Victoria. 2. Ryegrass persistence and botanical composition." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 8 (2001): 1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01018.

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A 4-year field experiment was carried out in south-western Victoria to determine whether tactical stocking might improve perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) persistence and prime lamb production, compared with the more common practice of continuous stocking. Tactical stocking consisted of variable-length summer, autumn and winter rotations and continuous stocking in spring. The 2 grazing strategies were compared on 2 contrasting pastures: an upgraded pasture, sown with newer cultivars of perennial ryegrass and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) with 26 kg phosphorus/ha.year, an
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47

Ford, GW, JJ Martin, P. Rengasamy, SC Boucher, and A. Ellington. "Soil sodicity in Victoria." Soil Research 31, no. 6 (1993): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9930869.

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This paper gives a broad overview of the distribution and agricultural importance of sodic soils in Victoria. Sodic soils are estimated to occupy at least 13.4 Mha, representing at least 73% of Victoria's agricultural land. Most of this land is used for dryland farming; about 85% of the cropped land and 66% of the land sown to dryland pastures occurs on sodic soils. The largest sodicity class is 'alkaline sodic', dominated by a diverse range of soils (red duplex, yellow duplex, calcareous earths and self-mulching cracking clays). Alkaline sodic soils comprise half of the total agricultural lan
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48

Ridley, A. M., B. P. Christy, R. E. White, T. McLean, and R. Green. "North-east Victoria SGS National Experiment site: water and nutrient losses from grazing systems on contrasting soil types and levels of inputs." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 8 (2003): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02090.

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Water and nutrient losses, pasture and animal production were measured for a prime lamb enterprise at Maindample (rainfall 750 mm/year) and a wool enterprise at Ruffy (rainfall 671 mm/year) in north-east Victoria from 1998 to 2000. Each site comprised 3 paddock-scale treatments: control, unsown pasture receiving about 5�kg�phosphorus (P)/ha.year; medium input, sown pasture (about 10 kg P/ha.year); and high input, sown pasture (≥22 kg P/ha.year). Sown pastures were based on phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) at Maindample and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) at Ruffy, and sheep were set stocked.
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49

Riffkin, Penny A., Paul E. Quigley, Fiona J. Cameron, Mark B. Peoples, and Janice E. Thies. "Annual nitrogen fixation in grazed dairy pastures in south-western Victoria." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 2 (1999): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a98034.

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Amounts of biologically fixed nitrogen (kg N/ha) were determined in grazed dairy pastures in 3 different areas of south-western Victoria over 12 months between October 1995 and 1996 using measurements of pasture growth, botanical composition, and the 15N natural abundance of white clover (Trifolium repens) and non-legume components. Estimates of the amounts of N fixed, based on N in clover shoots, were similar in each pasture (11, 16, and 18 kg N/ha.year), despite different environmental and management conditions. These on-farm determinations were low compared with experimental studies on N fi
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50

White, R. E., K. R. Helyar, A. M. Ridley, D. Chen, L. K. Heng, J. Evans, R. Fisher, et al. "Soil factors affecting the sustainability and productivity of perennial and annual pastures in the high rainfall zone of south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 2 (2000): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98013.

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A field study was carried out in the high rainfall zone (HRZ, >600 mm p.a.) of southern Australia from March 1994 to August 1997 to test the hypothesis that sown perennial grasses and liming could make the existing pastures more sustainable through better use of water and nitrogen. The site, on an acid duplex soil at Book Book near Wagga Wagga in southern New South Wales, was typical of much of the HRZ grazing country in southern New South Wales and north-east Victoria. The experiment consisted of 4 replicate paddocks (each 0.135 ha) of 4 treatments: annual pasture (mainly ryegrass Lolium r
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