Tesis sobre el tema "Virtual analog"

Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering and M.S. in Systems Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2004.<br>Thesis advisor(s): Xiaoping Yun. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-63). Also available online.

In this work is designed programme unit for acquisition analog acoustic signlas from sensors. There is used accurate A/D converter ADS1287 by the company Texas Iinstrument with resolution of 24 bits to digitizing these signals. There is used 32-bit microprocessor AT91SAM7S64 by the company Atmel to control this A/D converter and sending digitized data to PC. This microprocessor has implemented USB interface. By force of developmental programme units whit microprocessor and A/D converter is produced programme for microprocessor in developmental setting IAR Embedded Workbench IDE 5.0 and simple aplication for PC in setting Borland C++ Builder. Both of those programs are in language C++. Rate of sampling is 26 kHz. On the basis is realized programme unit USB-ADC whit microprocessor and A/D converter.

This thesis investigates Plato's analogy between virtue and crafts, a comparison made extensively in the early dialogues. I first detail the model of technical knowledge that Plato uses as a paradigm of knowledge. An application of this model shows the inadequacies in some claims to know or to teach virtue. Applying the model to the Socratic dictum, 'Virtue is knowledge' enables us to understand what such knowledge is about. Such knowledge is identified as 'self-knowledge' and is the product of philosophy. Philosophy is thus revealed as the craft of virtue, directed at the good of individuals. One problematic aspect of the analogy between virtue and crafts is the possibility of misuse. Virtue conceived as self-knowledge enables Plato to explain both why such a craft cannot be misused and why it alone can be the basis for benefiting others.

This study primarly aspires to locate and retrieve the ethical dimensions of Maximus the Confessor’s great theological synthesis, offering his suppositions as foundational paradigms towards the formation of an alternative Christian moral approach. As recent advances in Maximian scholarship have indicated, the Confessor’s rich synthesis is fertile ground for the discovery and the means to understanding theological and philosophical currents within Late Antiquity and the Early Mediaeval Period. However, his significance is by no means limited to the work of historical exposition. Indeed, Maximus has become an indispensable reference point for contemporary theologians and philosophers East and West, providing seemingly limitless material for many nascent debates and dialogues. This study endeavours to follow in the wake of these emerging discussions, seeking to examine and to affirm Maximus’s inherently ontological approach to virtue, human behaviour, and morals. Elements of both Aristotelian and Stoic versions of naturalism function as points departure for the Confessor, as he endorses the diachronic maturation of nature through the habituation of virtue, on the one hand, and the presence of an immanent divinely-constituted natural law, on the other. These naturalistic elements, however, are subordinate to and function in accordance with his larger Christocentric vision, which considers the imitation of the Incarnate Logos to be both the ontological and ethical focal point for authentic human existence. Concern for a relationship with the divine and temporal other emerges as the primary moral criterion of truth. As such, the ethical dimensions of Maximus’s theology are best described as having a relational character, and constitute a perspective that sees virtue as being wholly defined in terms of love. In an effort to provide a modern context to this discussion, the study also notes and juxtaposes prominent features of deontological morality to Maximus’s own approach, focusing especially on those elements that have contributed to the formation of a contemporary moral psychology. A critical part of this study is a brief examination of the suppositions of the theory of Immanuel Kant, the thought of whom is perhaps the most refined exemplar of a deontological approach to morals.

Specifik fobi är idag ett av de vanligaste ångestsyndromen i Sverige. Det kan bland annat yttra sig som spindelfobi. Ett sätt att behandla fobier, som visat på god effekt är gradvis exponering (in vivo). Det finns studier som visar på att internetbaserad behandling har liknande effekt som personlig terapi. Föreliggande studies syfte var att undersöka hur en virtuell exponeringsbaserad behandling samt den virtuella spindeln upplevs av individer med spindelfobi. Deltagarna i studien bestod av åtta personer med uttalad spindelfobi. Datainsamlingen genomfördes med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Via en induktiv tematisk analys framkom teman som handlade om Kontrollförlust, Behandling med underteman spindlar, stegvis exponering, interaktion, psykoedukation och fantasi, samt Förväntningar och Teknik. Fynden påvisade att upplevelsen av de virtuella spindlarna var så pass verklighetstrogen att det skapade liknande ångest som vid exponering inför verkliga spindlar, samt att den virtuella behandlingen ökade självtilliten till att hantera framtida spindelfobi.

Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are important enzymes in transcriptional control and potential targets for chemotherapeutic intervention in malignant diseases. Among different HAT members, the yeast Esa1 and human Tip60 (the HIV-1 Tat interactive protein, 60KDa) play multiple roles in normal cellular processes including transcription, cell cycle and checkpoint machinery, double strand DNA break repair, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression. Tip60 is also implicated in several human diseases such as prostate cancer, and gastric cancer. These studies suggest that Tip60 is a potential therapeutic target for new cancer treatment. So, we designed experimental work to synthesize and investigate organic inhibitors of Tip60 using different strategies, including substrate analogs, small molecule screening, and modification of the natural product anacardic acid. These studies provide important chemical agents for basic biology research of HAT function, and produce potential lead compounds for future pharmacologic intervention of HAT deregulation in cancer. Currently, of the methods used for the measurement of acetyltransferase activities, many comprise tedious separation procedures and involve enzyme-coupled steps or radioactive materials. These shortcomings have limited their applications in high-throughput screening (HTS) of HAT inhibitors. To circumvent these problems, a homogenous fluorescent HAT assay based on engineered H4 peptide was designed, synthesized, and evaluated. The data showed that these fluorescent reporters can be used to detect the acetyltransferase activities.

<p>Bakom uppsatsen finns ett genuint intresse för kartmedier samt funderingen om kartan genomgår en evolution till att bli ett digitalt och interaktivt medium. I aktuella styrdokument för gymnasiegeografin framgår att såväl kartor som GIS skall finnas med i undervisningen, motiveringen är dock bristfällig. I syftet väcktes därför frågor om vilka belägg som fanns för digitala undervisningsmetoder inom geografi? Syftet kondenserades till frågeställningarna: Vad skrivs i litteraturen om digitalt lärande i geografi i allmänhet? Vad skrivs i litteraturen om att använda digitala kartor och programmet Google Earth i undervisningen i synnerhet? Hur svenska geografilärare ser på samt i vilken omfattning de använder digitala kartmedier? För att besvara frågorna genomfördes en litteraturstudie samt en enkätundersökning. Litteraturstudieresultatet visade främst två saker. För det första att valet av digitala eller analoga undervisningsmetoder har liten betydelse för inlärning av grundläggande kunskaper. För det andra ifrågasattes användandet av alltför avancerade digitala kartmedier. Enkätundersökningen visade att väggkartan är det kartmedium som används mest bland respondenterna. Slutsatsen var att resultatet inte gett något svar om vilken metod som är bäst för inlärningen men att enklare digitala applikationer, såsom Google Earth, kan bidra till en förbättrad undervisning om de används på ett ändamålsenligt sätt.</p>

Bakom uppsatsen finns ett genuint intresse för kartmedier samt funderingen om kartan genomgår en evolution till att bli ett digitalt och interaktivt medium. I aktuella styrdokument för gymnasiegeografin framgår att såväl kartor som GIS skall finnas med i undervisningen, motiveringen är dock bristfällig. I syftet väcktes därför frågor om vilka belägg som fanns för digitala undervisningsmetoder inom geografi? Syftet kondenserades till frågeställningarna: Vad skrivs i litteraturen om digitalt lärande i geografi i allmänhet? Vad skrivs i litteraturen om att använda digitala kartor och programmet Google Earth i undervisningen i synnerhet? Hur svenska geografilärare ser på samt i vilken omfattning de använder digitala kartmedier? För att besvara frågorna genomfördes en litteraturstudie samt en enkätundersökning. Litteraturstudieresultatet visade främst två saker. För det första att valet av digitala eller analoga undervisningsmetoder har liten betydelse för inlärning av grundläggande kunskaper. För det andra ifrågasattes användandet av alltför avancerade digitala kartmedier. Enkätundersökningen visade att väggkartan är det kartmedium som används mest bland respondenterna. Slutsatsen var att resultatet inte gett något svar om vilken metod som är bäst för inlärningen men att enklare digitala applikationer, såsom Google Earth, kan bidra till en förbättrad undervisning om de används på ett ändamålsenligt sätt.

Memoria para optar al título de Diseñador Gráfico<br>globular es un proyecto de realidad virtual inmersivo que busca contar, desde una perspectiva experimental y sensorial, cómo fueron descubiertos los cielos del Norte de Chile para la actividad astronómica a fines de los años 60 y comienzos de los 70, por parte de organizaciones internacionales como AURA y ESO. Este hecho marca un hito en las ciencias del espacio, cruzado también por el contexto histórico y político por el cual atravesó Chile, sumado a la instauración de dispositivos culturales como el Planetario Chile que perpetuaba una promesa de modernidad y esplendor cultural, desentendiendo el significado del territorio nacional como cuna astronómica mundial

Data races are highly destructive bugs found in concurrent programs. Because of unordered thread interleavings, data races can randomly appear and disappear during the debugging process which makes them difficult to find and reproduce. A data race exists when multiple threads or processes concurrently access a shared memory address, with at least one of the accesses being a write. Such a scenario can cause data corruption, memory leaks, crashes, or incorrect execution. It is therefore important that data races are absent from production software. This thesis explores dynamic data race detection in programs running on Ericsson’s System Virtualization Platform (SVP), a SystemC/TLM-2.0-based virtual platform used for running software on simulated hardware. SVP is a bit-accurate simulator of Ericsson Many-Core Architecture (EMCA) hardware, enabling software and hardware to be developed in parallel, as well as providing unique insight into software execution. This latter property of SVP has been utilized to implement SVPracer, a proof-of-concept dynamic data race detector. SVPracer is based on a happens-before algorithm similar to Google’s ThreadSanitizer v2, but is significantly different in implementation as it relies entirely on instrumenting binary code during runtime without requiring code modification during build time. A set of test programs exhibiting various data races were written and compiled for EOS, the operating system (OS) running on EMCA Digital Signal Processors (DSPs). Similar programs were created for Linux using POSIX APIs, to compare SVPracer against ThreadSanitizer v2. Both SVPracer and ThreadSanitizer v2 correctly detect the data races present in the respective test programs. Further work must be done in SVPracer to eliminate some false positive results, caused by missing support for some OS functionality such as semaphores. Still, the present state of SVPracer is sufficient proof that dynamic data race detection is possible using a virtual platform. Future work could involve exploring other data race detection algorithms as well as implementing deadlock/livelock detection in virtual platforms.<br>Datakapplöpning är en mycket destruktiv typ av bugg i samtidig programvara. På grund av icke-ordnad sammanvävning av trådar kan datakapplöpning slumpmässigt dyka upp och försvinna under avlusning (debugging), vilket gör dem svåra att hitta och återskapa. Datakapplöpning existerar när flera trådar eller processer samtidigt accessar en delad minnesaddress och minst en av accesserna är en skrivning. Ett sådant scenario kan orsaka datakorruption, minnesläckor, krascher eller felaktig exekvering. Det är därför viktigt att datakapplöpning inte finns med i programvara för slutlig release. Det här examensarbetet utforskar dynamisk detektion av datakapplöpning i program som körs på Ericssons System Virtualization Platform (SVP), en SystemC/TLM-2.0baserad virtuell platform som används för att köra program på simulerad hårdvara. SVP är en bit-exakt simulator för hårdvara av typen Ericsson Many-Core Architecture (EMCA), vilket möjliggör parallell utveckling av hårdvara och programvara samt unik inblick i programvaruexekvering. Den senare egenskapen hos SVP har använts för att implementera SVPracer, en konceptvalidering av dynamisk detektion av datakapplöpning. SVPracer baseras på en algoritm av typen happens-before, som liknar den i Googles ThreadSanitizer v2. Stora skillnader finns dock i SVPracers implementation eftersom den instrumenterar binärkod under körning, utan att behöva modifiera koden under kompilering. Ett antal testprogram med olika typer av datakapplöpning skapades för (EOS), ett operativsystem som körs på EMCAs signalprocessorer (DSP). Motsvarande program skrevs för Linux med POSIX-APIer, för att kunna jämföra SVPracer med ThreadSanitizer v2. Både SVPracer och ThreadSanitizer v2 upptäckte datakapplöpningarna i samtliga testprogram. SVPracer kräver vidare arbete för att eliminera några falska positiva resultat orsakade av saknat stöd för vissa OS-funktioner, exempelvis semaforer. Trots det bedöms SVPracers nuvarande prestanda som tillräckligt bevis för att virtuella plattformar kan användas för detektion av datakapplöpning. Framtida arbete skulle kunna involvera utforskning av andra detektionsalgoritmer samt detektion av baklås.

Parmi les produits électroniques de l’industrie des semi-conducteurs, les applications mixtes numériques-analogiques (AMS) représentent une part de marché à forte croissance. Le principal problème pour la conception de systèmes AMS est l’absence de flot de conception standard, puisque les blocs AMS ne peuvent pas être synthétisés de façon systématique `a partir d’une spécification de haut niveau en l’absence d’information au niveau transistor. Par ailleurs, il est très difficile de modéliser les caractéristiques au niveau transistor dans des descriptions comportementales de plus haut niveau (système). Face à ces d´défis, nous proposons une plateforme de modélisation, de dimensionnement et de vérification unifiée. La plate-forme repose sur une méthode de dimensionnement ascendant des blocs analogiques et une approche de simulation descendante depuis le système jusqu’aux transistors. Les différents niveaux d’abstraction envisagés sont d´écrits grâce aux langages C/C ++ et SystemC-AMS. En outre, nous expliquons comment UVM-SystemC-AMS développé dans le cadre du projet européen FP7 VERDI, fournit une m´méthode pour la vérification des systèmes AMS avec des interactions HW / SW. Nous appliquons ces méthodes à deux circuits. Le premier est un circuit de conversion analogique numérique pipeline à 3 étages et 6 bits. Il présente une vue hiérarchique du processus de conception. Le second est un sous-système analogique d’un système implantable de télémétrie, qui inclut une boucle de rétroaction<br>Mixed-signal applications are among the fastest growing market segments in the electronics and semiconductor industry. This is driven by the growth opportunities in mobile communication, networking, power management, automotive, medical, imaging, and security applications, which all require analog and mixed-signal (AMS) content. One bottleneck exists if the designs include analog components together with digital ones. Digital design has a well-defined, top-down design methodology, but AMS design has traditionally been an ad hoc custom design process, it is more time-consuming interactive process and fully based on designerÕs expertise. The major difficulty is how to model the impact of circuit non-idealities and technology process variations on system- level performances.In this thesis, we present an unified modeling, design and verification platform with a fast sizing and biasing methodology. The proposed methodology propagates the circuit-level non- idealities into system-level simulations in a very natural way. The methodology synchronizes SystemC-AMS TDF MoC and electrical circuit simulator (SPICE), which enables to mix non- conservative system-level model with conservative nonlinear circuit netlist. Besides, we explain how UVM-SystemC-AMS developed in the FP7 Verdi project, provides an unified methodology for the verification of systems having interconnected AMS, HW/SW. In order to explore the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, two case studies are investigated: a 3-stage 6-bit ADC pipeline and a voltage regulator for an implantable telemetric system. The problem of hierarchical design is illustrated in the 3-stage 6-bit ADC pipeline while the problem of system architecture with feedback loop is illustrated in the implantable telemetric system

Advancements in virtual reality (VR) have facilitated a new drawing experience for digital artists. These have provided the experience for artists to have an embodied human-computer interaction (HCI) while drawing. This project focuses on exploring and understanding how analogue life drawing practices can be redefined in the digital realm of virtual reality. In this practice-led project, the analogue life drawing creative practice is the foundation for making immersive drawing artworks in the virtual environment. This is alongside theoretical research into aesthetic experience, embodiment, disembodiment and presence in conjunction with conducting semi-structured interviews to understand other drawing practitioner experiences with immersive drawing.

Parmi les produits électroniques de l’industrie des semi-conducteurs, les applications mixtes numériques-analogiques (AMS) représentent une part de marché à forte croissance. Le principal problème pour la conception de systèmes AMS est l’absence de flot de conception standard, puisque les blocs AMS ne peuvent pas être synthétisés de façon systématique `a partir d’une spécification de haut niveau en l’absence d’information au niveau transistor. Par ailleurs, il est très difficile de modéliser les caractéristiques au niveau transistor dans des descriptions comportementales de plus haut niveau (système). Face à ces d´défis, nous proposons une plateforme de modélisation, de dimensionnement et de vérification unifiée. La plate-forme repose sur une méthode de dimensionnement ascendant des blocs analogiques et une approche de simulation descendante depuis le système jusqu’aux transistors. Les différents niveaux d’abstraction envisagés sont d´écrits grâce aux langages C/C ++ et SystemC-AMS. En outre, nous expliquons comment UVM-SystemC-AMS développé dans le cadre du projet européen FP7 VERDI, fournit une m´méthode pour la vérification des systèmes AMS avec des interactions HW / SW. Nous appliquons ces méthodes à deux circuits. Le premier est un circuit de conversion analogique numérique pipeline à 3 étages et 6 bits. Il présente une vue hiérarchique du processus de conception. Le second est un sous-système analogique d’un système implantable de télémétrie, qui inclut une boucle de rétroaction<br>Mixed-signal applications are among the fastest growing market segments in the electronics and semiconductor industry. This is driven by the growth opportunities in mobile communication, networking, power management, automotive, medical, imaging, and security applications, which all require analog and mixed-signal (AMS) content. One bottleneck exists if the designs include analog components together with digital ones. Digital design has a well-defined, top-down design methodology, but AMS design has traditionally been an ad hoc custom design process, it is more time-consuming interactive process and fully based on designerÕs expertise. The major difficulty is how to model the impact of circuit non-idealities and technology process variations on system- level performances.In this thesis, we present an unified modeling, design and verification platform with a fast sizing and biasing methodology. The proposed methodology propagates the circuit-level non- idealities into system-level simulations in a very natural way. The methodology synchronizes SystemC-AMS TDF MoC and electrical circuit simulator (SPICE), which enables to mix non- conservative system-level model with conservative nonlinear circuit netlist. Besides, we explain how UVM-SystemC-AMS developed in the FP7 Verdi project, provides an unified methodology for the verification of systems having interconnected AMS, HW/SW. In order to explore the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, two case studies are investigated: a 3-stage 6-bit ADC pipeline and a voltage regulator for an implantable telemetric system. The problem of hierarchical design is illustrated in the 3-stage 6-bit ADC pipeline while the problem of system architecture with feedback loop is illustrated in the implantable telemetric system

Memory management errors in concurrent software running on multi-core architectures can be difficult and costly to detect and repair. Examples of errors are usage of uninitialized memory, memory leaks, and data corruptions due to unintended overwrites of data that are not owned by the writing entity. If memory management errors could be detected at an early stage, for example when using a simulator before the software has been delivered and integrated in a product, significant savings could be achieved. This thesis investigates and develops methods for detection of usage of uninitialized memory in software that runs on a virtual hardware platform. The virtual hardware platform has models of Ericsson Radio Base Station hardware for baseband processing and digital radio processing. It is a bit-accurate representation of the underlying hardware, with models of processors and peripheral units, and it is used at Ericsson for software development and integration. There are tools available, such as Memcheck (Valgrind), and MemorySanitizer and AddressSanitizer (Clang), for memory management error detection. The features of such tools have been investigated, and memory management error detection algorithms were developed for a given processor’s instruction set. The error detection algorithms were implemented in a virtual platform, and issues and design considerations reflecting the application-specific instruction set architecture of the processor, were taken into account. A prototype implementation of memory error presentation with error locations mapped to the source code of the running program, and presentation of stack traces, was done, using functionality from a debugger. An experiment, using a purpose-built test program, was used to evaluate the error detection capability of the algorithms in the virtual platform, and for comparison with the error detection capability of Memcheck. The virtual platform implementation detects all known errors, except one, in the program and reports them to the user in an appropriate manner. There are false positives reported, mainly due to the limited awareness about the operating system used on the simulated processor<br>Minneshanteringsfel i parallell mjukvara som exekverar på flerkärniga arkitekturer kan vara svåra att detektera, samt kostsamma att åtgärda. Exempel på fel kan vara användning av ej initialiserat minne, minnesläckage, samt att data blir överskrivna av en process som inte är ägare till de data som skrivs över. Om minneshanteringsfel kan detekteras i ett tidigt skede, t ex genom att använda en simulator, som körs innan mjukvaran har levererats och integrerats i en produkt, skulle man kunna erhålla signifikanta kostnadsbesparingar. Detta examensarbete undersöker och utvecklar metoder för detektion av ej initialiserat minne i mjukvara som körs på en virtuell plattform. Den virtuella plattformen innehåller modeller av delar av den digitala hårdvara, för basband och radio, som finns i en Ericsson radiobasstation. Modellerna är bit-exakta representationer av motsvarande hårdvarublock, och innefattar processorer och periferienheter. Den virtuella plattformen används av Ericsson för utveckling och integration av mjukvara. Det finns verktyg, exempelvis Memcheck (Valgrind), samt MemorySanitizer och AddressSanitizer (Clang), som kan användas för att detektera minneshanteringsfel. Egenskaper hos sådana verktyg har undersökts, och algoritmer för detektion av minneshanteringsfel har utvecklats, för en specifik processor och dess instruktioner. Algoritmerna har implementerats i en virtuell plattform, och kravställningar och design-överväganden som speglar den tillämpnings-specifika instruktionsrepertoaren för den valda processorn, har behandlats. En prototyp-implementation av presentation av minneshanteringsfel, där källkodsraderna samt anropsstacken för de platser där fel har hittats pekas ut, har utvecklats, med användning av en debugger. Ett experiment, som använder sig av ett för ändamålet utvecklat program, har använts för att utvärdera feldetektions-förmågan för de algoritmer som implementerats i den virtuella plattformen, samt för att jämföra med feldetektions-förmågan hos Memcheck. De algoritmer som implementerats i den virtuella plattformen kan, för det program som används, detektera alla kända fel, förutom ett. Algoritmerna rapporterar också falska felindikeringar. Dessa rapporter är huvudsakligen ett resultat av att den aktuella implementationen har begränsad kunskap om det operativsystem som används på den simulerade processorn.

The inquiry documented in this thesis is located at the nexus of technological innovation and traditional schooling. As we enter the second decade of a new century, few would argue against the increasingly urgent need to integrate digital literacies with traditional academic knowledge. Yet, despite substantial investments from governments and businesses, the adoption and diffusion of contemporary digital tools in formal schooling remain sluggish. To date, research on technology adoption in schools tends to take a deficit perspective of schools and teachers, with the lack of resources and teacher ‘technophobia’ most commonly cited as barriers to digital uptake. Corresponding interventions that focus on increasing funding and upskilling teachers, however, have made little difference to adoption trends in the last decade. Empirical evidence that explicates the cultural and pedagogical complexities of innovation diffusion within long-established conventions of mainstream schooling, particularly from the standpoint of students, is wanting. To address this knowledge gap, this thesis inquires into how students evaluate and account for the constraints and affordances of contemporary digital tools when they engage with them as part of their conventional schooling. It documents the attempted integration of a student-led Web 2.0 learning initiative, known as the Student Media Centre (SMC), into the schooling practices of a long-established, high-performing independent senior boys’ school in urban Australia. The study employed an ‘explanatory’ two-phase research design (Creswell, 2003) that combined complementary quantitative and qualitative methods to achieve both breadth of measurement and richness of characterisation. In the initial quantitative phase, a self-reported questionnaire was administered to the senior school student population to determine adoption trends and predictors of SMC usage (N=481). Measurement constructs included individual learning dispositions (learning and performance goals, cognitive playfulness and personal innovativeness), as well as social and technological variables (peer support, perceived usefulness and ease of use). Incremental predictive models of SMC usage were conducted using Classification and Regression Tree (CART) modelling: (i) individual-level predictors, (ii) individual and social predictors, and (iii) individual, social and technological predictors. Peer support emerged as the best predictor of SMC usage. Other salient predictors include perceived ease of use and usefulness, cognitive playfulness and learning goals. On the whole, an overwhelming proportion of students reported low usage levels, low perceived usefulness and a lack of peer support for engaging with the digital learning initiative. The small minority of frequent users reported having high levels of peer support and robust learning goal orientations, rather than being predominantly driven by performance goals. These findings indicate that tensions around social validation, digital learning and academic performance pressures influence students’ engagement with the Web 2.0 learning initiative. The qualitative phase that followed provided insights into these tensions by shifting the analytics from individual attitudes and behaviours to shared social and cultural reasoning practices that explain students’ engagement with the innovation. Six indepth focus groups, comprising 60 students with different levels of SMC usage, were conducted, audio-recorded and transcribed. Textual data were analysed using Membership Categorisation Analysis. Students’ accounts converged around a key proposition. The Web 2.0 learning initiative was useful-in-principle but useless-in-practice. While students endorsed the usefulness of the SMC for enhancing multimodal engagement, extending peer-topeer networks and acquiring real-world skills, they also called attention to a number of constraints that obfuscated the realisation of these design affordances in practice. These constraints were cast in terms of three binary formulations of social and cultural imperatives at play within the school: (i) ‘cool/uncool’, (ii) ‘dominant staff/compliant student’, and (iii) ‘digital learning/academic performance’. The first formulation foregrounds the social stigma of the SMC among peers and its resultant lack of positive network benefits. The second relates to students’ perception of the school culture as authoritarian and punitive with adverse effects on the very student agency required to drive the innovation. The third points to academic performance pressures in a crowded curriculum with tight timelines. Taken together, findings from both phases of the study provide the following key insights. First, students endorsed the learning affordances of contemporary digital tools such as the SMC for enhancing their current schooling practices. For the majority of students, however, these learning affordances were overshadowed by the performative demands of schooling, both social and academic. The student participants saw engagement with the SMC in-school as distinct from, even oppositional to, the conventional social and academic performance indicators of schooling, namely (i) being ‘cool’ (or at least ‘not uncool’), (ii) sufficiently ‘compliant’, and (iii) achieving good academic grades. Their reasoned response therefore, was simply to resist engagement with the digital learning innovation. Second, a small minority of students seemed dispositionally inclined to negotiate the learning affordances and performance constraints of digital learning and traditional schooling more effectively than others. These students were able to engage more frequently and meaningfully with the SMC in school. Their ability to adapt and traverse seemingly incommensurate social and institutional identities and norms is theorised as cultural agility – a dispositional construct that comprises personal innovativeness, cognitive playfulness and learning goals orientation. The logic then is ‘both and’ rather than ‘either or’ for these individuals with a capacity to accommodate both learning and performance in school, whether in terms of digital engagement and academic excellence, or successful brokerage across multiple social identities and institutional affiliations within the school. In sum, this study takes us beyond the familiar terrain of deficit discourses that tend to blame institutional conservatism, lack of resourcing and teacher resistance for low uptake of digital technologies in schools. It does so by providing an empirical base for the development of a ‘third way’ of theorising technological and pedagogical innovation in schools, one which is more informed by students as critical stakeholders and thus more relevant to the lived culture within the school, and its complex relationship to students’ lives outside of school. It is in this relationship that we find an explanation for how these individuals can, at the one time, be digital kids and analogue students.

The inquiry documented in this thesis is located at the nexus of technological innovation and traditional schooling. As we enter the second decade of a new century, few would argue against the increasingly urgent need to integrate digital literacies with traditional academic knowledge. Yet, despite substantial investments from governments and businesses, the adoption and diffusion of contemporary digital tools in formal schooling remain sluggish. To date, research on technology adoption in schools tends to take a deficit perspective of schools and teachers, with the lack of resources and teacher ‘technophobia’ most commonly cited as barriers to digital uptake. Corresponding interventions that focus on increasing funding and upskilling teachers, however, have made little difference to adoption trends in the last decade. Empirical evidence that explicates the cultural and pedagogical complexities of innovation diffusion within long-established conventions of mainstream schooling, particularly from the standpoint of students, is wanting. To address this knowledge gap, this thesis inquires into how students evaluate and account for the constraints and affordances of contemporary digital tools when they engage with them as part of their conventional schooling. It documents the attempted integration of a student-led Web 2.0 learning initiative, known as the Student Media Centre (SMC), into the schooling practices of a long-established, high-performing independent senior boys’ school in urban Australia. The study employed an ‘explanatory’ two-phase research design (Creswell, 2003) that combined complementary quantitative and qualitative methods to achieve both breadth of measurement and richness of characterisation. In the initial quantitative phase, a self-reported questionnaire was administered to the senior school student population to determine adoption trends and predictors of SMC usage (N=481). Measurement constructs included individual learning dispositions (learning and performance goals, cognitive playfulness and personal innovativeness), as well as social and technological variables (peer support, perceived usefulness and ease of use). Incremental predictive models of SMC usage were conducted using Classification and Regression Tree (CART) modelling: (i) individual-level predictors, (ii) individual and social predictors, and (iii) individual, social and technological predictors. Peer support emerged as the best predictor of SMC usage. Other salient predictors include perceived ease of use and usefulness, cognitive playfulness and learning goals. On the whole, an overwhelming proportion of students reported low usage levels, low perceived usefulness and a lack of peer support for engaging with the digital learning initiative. The small minority of frequent users reported having high levels of peer support and robust learning goal orientations, rather than being predominantly driven by performance goals. These findings indicate that tensions around social validation, digital learning and academic performance pressures influence students’ engagement with the Web 2.0 learning initiative. The qualitative phase that followed provided insights into these tensions by shifting the analytics from individual attitudes and behaviours to shared social and cultural reasoning practices that explain students’ engagement with the innovation. Six indepth focus groups, comprising 60 students with different levels of SMC usage, were conducted, audio-recorded and transcribed. Textual data were analysed using Membership Categorisation Analysis. Students’ accounts converged around a key proposition. The Web 2.0 learning initiative was useful-in-principle but useless-in-practice. While students endorsed the usefulness of the SMC for enhancing multimodal engagement, extending peer-topeer networks and acquiring real-world skills, they also called attention to a number of constraints that obfuscated the realisation of these design affordances in practice. These constraints were cast in terms of three binary formulations of social and cultural imperatives at play within the school: (i) ‘cool/uncool’, (ii) ‘dominant staff/compliant student’, and (iii) ‘digital learning/academic performance’. The first formulation foregrounds the social stigma of the SMC among peers and its resultant lack of positive network benefits. The second relates to students’ perception of the school culture as authoritarian and punitive with adverse effects on the very student agency required to drive the innovation. The third points to academic performance pressures in a crowded curriculum with tight timelines. Taken together, findings from both phases of the study provide the following key insights. First, students endorsed the learning affordances of contemporary digital tools such as the SMC for enhancing their current schooling practices. For the majority of students, however, these learning affordances were overshadowed by the performative demands of schooling, both social and academic. The student participants saw engagement with the SMC in-school as distinct from, even oppositional to, the conventional social and academic performance indicators of schooling, namely (i) being ‘cool’ (or at least ‘not uncool’), (ii) sufficiently ‘compliant’, and (iii) achieving good academic grades. Their reasoned response therefore, was simply to resist engagement with the digital learning innovation. Second, a small minority of students seemed dispositionally inclined to negotiate the learning affordances and performance constraints of digital learning and traditional schooling more effectively than others. These students were able to engage more frequently and meaningfully with the SMC in school. Their ability to adapt and traverse seemingly incommensurate social and institutional identities and norms is theorised as cultural agility – a dispositional construct that comprises personal innovativeness, cognitive playfulness and learning goals orientation. The logic then is ‘both and’ rather than ‘either or’ for these individuals with a capacity to accommodate both learning and performance in school, whether in terms of digital engagement and academic excellence, or successful brokerage across multiple social identities and institutional affiliations within the school. In sum, this study takes us beyond the familiar terrain of deficit discourses that tend to blame institutional conservatism, lack of resourcing and teacher resistance for low uptake of digital technologies in schools. It does so by providing an empirical base for the development of a ‘third way’ of theorising technological and pedagogical innovation in schools, one which is more informed by students as critical stakeholders and thus more relevant to the lived culture within the school, and its complex relationship to students’ lives outside of school. It is in this relationship that we find an explanation for how these individuals can, at the one time, be digital kids and analogue students.

Defending against Dos- and DDoS attacks is difficult to accomplish; finding and filtering out illegitimate traffic from the legitimate flow is near impossible. Taking steps to mitigate or even block the traffic can only be done once the IP addresses of the attackers are known. This is achievable by monitoring the flows to- and from the target and identifying the attacker's IP addresses, allowing the company or their ISP to block the addresses itself by blackholing them (also known as a null route). Using the IP accounting and monitoring tool “pmacct”, this thesis aims to investigate whether or not the pmacct suite is suited for larger installations when tracking and mitigating DDoS-attacks, such at an Internet Service Provider (ISP). Potential problems are the amount of traffic that need to be analyzed and the computational power required to do it. This thesis also provide information about the pmacct suite at large. The conclusions are positive, indicating it does scale up to handle larger installations when given careful consideration and planning.<br>Att försvara sig mot DoS-och DDoS-attacker är svårt att åstadkomma; att hitta och filtrera ut illegitim trafik från det legitima flödet är nästan omöjligt. Att vidta åtgärder när en sådan attack upptäcks kan endast göras när IP-adresserna från angriparna är kända. Detta kan uppnås genom att man övervakar trafikflödet mellan målet för attacken och angriparna och ser vilka som sänder mest data och på så sätt identifierar angriparna.. Detta tillåter företaget eller dess ISP att blockera trafiken ifrån dessa IP-adresser genom att sända trafiken vidare till ingenstans. Detta kallas blackhole-routing eller null-routing. Genom att använda redovisnings- och övervakningsprogrammet pmacct syftar denna uppsats på att undersöka hurvida pmacct-sviten är lämpad för större installationer när det gäller att spåra och förhindra DDoS-attacker, såsom hos en Internetleverantör eller dylikt. Potentialla problem som kan uppstå är att mängden trafik som måste analyserar blir för stor och för krävande. Denna avhandling går även igenom pmacct-verktyget i sig. Slutsatserna är lovande, vilket indikerar att den har potential av att kunna hantera sådana stora miljöer med noggrann planering.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-24T19:48:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndersonMS_TESE_inicio_pag69.pdf: 4445825 bytes, checksum: 1053632581a0015bab09d4146df22458 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-31<br>Petr?leo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS<br>The aim of this work was to describe the methodological procedures that were mandatory to develop a 3D digital imaging of the external and internal geometry of the analogue outcrops from reservoirs and to build a Virtual Outcrop Model (VOM). The imaging process of the external geometry was acquired by using the Laser Scanner, the Geodesic GPS and the Total Station procedures. On the other hand, the imaging of the internal geometry was evaluated by GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar).The produced VOMs were adapted with much more detailed data with addition of the geological data and the gamma ray and permeability profiles. As a model for the use of the methodological procedures used on this work, the adapted VOM, two outcrops, located at the east part of the Parnaiba Basin, were selected. On the first one, rocks from the aeolian deposit of the Piaui Formation (Neo-carboniferous) and tidal flat deposits from the Pedra de Fogo Formation (Permian), which arises in a large outcrops located between Floriano and Teresina (Piau?), are present. The second area, located at the National Park of Sete Cidades, also at the Piau?, presents rocks from the Cabe?as Formation deposited in fluvial-deltaic systems during the Late Devonian. From the data of the adapted VOMs it was possible to identify lines, surfaces and 3D geometry, and therefore, quantify the geometry of interest. Among the found parameterization values, a table containing the thickness and width, obtained in canal and lobes deposits at the outcrop Pared?o and Biblioteca were the more relevant ones. In fact, this table can be used as an input for stochastic simulation of reservoirs. An example of the direct use of such table and their predicted radargrams was the identification of the bounding surface at the aeolian sites from the Piau? Formation. In spite of such radargrams supply only bi-dimensional data, the acquired lines followed of a mesh profile were used to add a third dimension to the imaging of the internal geometry. This phenomenon appears to be valid for all studied outcrops. As a conclusion, the tool here presented can became a new methodology in which the advantages of the digital imaging acquired from the Laser Scanner (precision, accuracy and speed of acquisition) were combined with the Total Station procedure (precision) using the classical digital photomosaic technique<br>Neste trabalho s?o apresentados os procedimentos metodol?gicos necess?rios para realizar o imageamento digital 3D da geometria externa e interna de afloramentos an?logos a reservat?rios, e elaborar seus Modelos Virtuais de Afloramentos (MVA). Para imagear a geometria externa foram utilizados o Laser Scanner, o GPS Geod?sico e a Esta??o Total, enquanto que para imagear a geometria interna foi utilizado o GPR. Nos MVA elaborados foram acrescidas ainda as informa??es geol?gicas e as obtidas nas perfilagens com raios gama e de permeabilidade. Como estudo de caso, para exemplificar os procedimentos metodol?gicos propostos, foram escolhidos dois conjuntos de afloramentos na borda leste da Bacia do Parna?ba. Na primeira ?rea ocorrem rochas de origem e?lica da Forma??o Piau? (Neocarbon?fero) e plan?cie de mar? da Forma??o Pedra de Fogo (Permiano), que afloram em um amplo corte de estrada, situado entre Floriano e Teresina (Piau?). A segunda ?rea, situada no Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, tamb?m no Piau?, envolve rochas da Forma??o Cabe?as depositadas em sistemas fl?vio-deltaicos, durante o Neodevoniano. Com os MVA elaborados foi poss?vel identificar, linhas, superf?cies e geometrias 3D e, assim, quantificar as geometrias de interesse. Dentre as parametriza??es mais relevantes, ressaltam-se a tabela com valores de espessura e largura, obtidas em dep?sitos de canais e em lobos, nos afloramentos Pared?o e Biblioteca. Esta tabela pode ser utilizada como entrada (input) para simula??o estoc?stica de reservat?rios. Um exemplo da aplica??o direta dos radargramas interpretados foi a identifica??o de superf?cies limitantes, em dep?sitos e?licos, da Forma??o Piau?. Apesar dos radargramas oferecerem apenas dados bidimensionais, a aquisi??o de linhas distribu?das segundo uma malha acrescentou a terceira dimens?o ao imageamento das geometrias internas em todos os afloramentos estudados. ? ainda proposta uma nova metodologia que busca conciliar as vantagens obtidas com o imageamento digital com Laser Scanner (precis?o, acur?cia e velocidade de aquisi??o) e a Esta??o Total (precis?o), com o uso cl?ssico de fotomosaicos digitais

This diploma thesis deals with problem of design and calculation of membrane structure of stadium roof. This is a complex engineering problem, which includes many partial problems: finding of initial form of membrane, statically and architecturally suitable arrangement of catenaries, economical solution of boundary conditions (foundations). All components affect each other and cannot be dealt without mutual coordination. It always greatly depends on the experience and intuition of engineer who design such structure. Task which cannot be resolved according to the theory of the first order. Equilibrium forces on the deformed structure, which in many projected structures gives satisfactory results, did not correspond to reality. It is therefore necessary to consider equilibrium of forces on the deformed structure according to the theory of large deformations. Diploma thesis was entered with regard to the intention of the companies Ing. Software Dlubal s.r.o. and FEM consulting s.r.o., working together to develop software RFEM. These companies plan to complement this program system with a module MEMBRANE for searching of initial shapes of membrane structures. This work is a contribution to the creation of this module.

L’architecture actuelle des réseaux d’accès radio n’est pas adaptée en terme de capacité à supporter l’accroissement continu du trafic dans les systèmes cellulaires 4G et au-delà. L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une architecture réseau générique, GeRoFAN (Generic Radio over Fiber Access Network) pour la fédération des stations de base des systèmes cellulaires de nouvelle génération (WiMAX, 4G LTE). Deux innovations technologiques majeures sont utilisées pour l’implémentation de l’architecture GeRoFAN: la radio-sur-fibre (RoF) et les modulateurs réflexifs éléctro-absorbants. La thèse vise aussi à concevoir pour l’architecture GeRoFAN un plan contrôle et un canal de signalisation adapté permettant le basculement des ressources radio, selon la fluctuation du trafic, entre un grand nombre de cellules réparties à l’échelle métropolitaine. Cependant, il a été bien avéré que la transmission optique de plusieurs canaux radios en utilisant la RoF analogique est assujettie à des multiples facteurs de dégradation physique altérant la qualité du signal de ces canaux et induisant une perte dans leur capacité de Shannon. L’originalité du plan de contrôle de GeRoFAN est de réaliser une affectation optimisée des canaux radios sur les porteuses optiques, grace au multiplexage par sous-porteuse (SCM), afin d’ajuster la capacité de Shannon dans chaque cellule radio à la charge de trafic à laquelle elle est soumise. A cet effet, une connaissance fine des contraintes physiques de la transmission RoF est requise pour le plan de contrôle. Cette connaissance est acquise par l’élaboration d’un modèle analytique des divers bruits de transmission du système GeRoFAN. Contrairement à des propositions comparables, le plan contrôle de GeRoFAN se doit d’être le plus transparent que possible à la technologie des systèmes radio concernés. Sa nature " MAC radio agnostique " vise à permettre, grâce au multiplexage en longueur d’onde et au routage optique WDM, la fédération de plusieurs opérateurs utilisant différentes technologies radio sur la même infrastructure. Plus généralement, avec la mutualisation de l’architecture GeRoFAN, le plan de contrôle permet de virtualiser les ressources radiofréquences et de promouvoir de nouveaux modèles économiques pour les opérateurs Télécoms. Le dernier volet de la thèse se focalise sur la valeur "business" du paradigme GeRoFAN. Les contours du nouveau éco-system d’affaire promu par GeRoFAN sont définis. Les motivations/attentes des différentes parties prenantes dans cet éco-system sont esquissées, les contraintes réglementaires et organisationnelles soulevées sont adressées afin d’assurer un déploiement sans heurts de GeRoFAN. Bien qu’exigeant un nouveau modèle réglementaire, il s’agit de mettre en évidence l’intérêt économique de la solution GeRoFAN, tout particulièrement en comparaison à la RoF digitale, à travers des études technico-économiques chiffrant les couts d’investissement (CapEx), les couts opérationnels (OpEx) et les possibles retours sur investissement. A cet effet, deux modèles économiques sont proposés mettant en évidence la valeur ajoutée de GeRoFAN tout au long de la chaine de valeur<br>Current radio access networks architectures are not suited in terms of capacity and backhauling capabilities to fit the continuing traffic increase of 4G cellular systems. The objective of the thesis is to propose an innovative and generic mobile backhauling network architecture, called GeRoFAN (Generic Radio-over-Fiber Access Network), for next generation mobile systems (WiMAX, 4G LTE). Two major technological innovations are used to implement GeRo-FAN: analog Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) and reflective amplified absorption modulators. The aim of this thesis is to design for such an architecture an original Control Plane (CP) and a signaling channel enabling to balance radio resources between a set of neighboring cells at the access/metropolitan scale according to traffic fluctuations. The transmission of several radio frequencies by means of an analog RoF link suffers from several impairments that may degrade the capacity of the radio system. The originality of the GeRoFAN-CP consists in mapping radio frequencies with optical carriers by means of Sub-Carrier Multiplexing (SCM) in order to optimize the Shannon’s capacity within the various cells covered by the system according to the current traffic load. For that purpose, a deep analysis and modeling of the various physical layer impairments impacting the quality of the radio signal is carried out. Unlike comparable approaches, the GeRoFAN-CP is as independent as possible from the radio layer protocols. Thus, the "radio MAC-agnostic" nature of the GeRoFAN-CP enables to federate multiple operators using different radio technologies onto the same backhauling optical infrastructure. Subcarrier and wavelength division multiplexing (SCM/WDM) as well as WDM optical routing capabilities are exploited onto the GeRoFAN transparent architecture. More globally, the GeRoFAN-CP enables a form of "radio frequency virtualization" while promoting new business models for Telecom service providers. The last part of the thesis focuses on the business value of the GeRoFAN paradigm. The expectations of the different stake-holders and main regulatory/organizational entities that could be involved in the deployment of GeRoFAN infrastructures should be addressed in order to achieve a smooth deployment of this new type of mobile backhauling. Economics of the GeRoFAN architecture are investigated in terms of OpEx/CapEx valuation and investment profitability, especially in reference to digitized RoF. Two business models are then proposed to study how GeRoFAN contributes to enriching the cellular backhauling service value chain

L’architecture actuelle des réseaux d’accès radio n’est pas adaptée en terme de capacité à supporter l’accroissement continu du trafic dans les systèmes cellulaires 4G et au-delà. L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une architecture réseau générique, GeRoFAN (Generic Radio over Fiber Access Network) pour la fédération des stations de base des systèmes cellulaires de nouvelle génération (WiMAX, 4G LTE). Deux innovations technologiques majeures sont utilisées pour l’implémentation de l’architecture GeRoFAN: la radio-sur-fibre (RoF) et les modulateurs réflexifs éléctro-absorbants. La thèse vise aussi à concevoir pour l’architecture GeRoFAN un plan contrôle et un canal de signalisation adapté permettant le basculement des ressources radio, selon la fluctuation du trafic, entre un grand nombre de cellules réparties à l’échelle métropolitaine. Cependant, il a été bien avéré que la transmission optique de plusieurs canaux radios en utilisant la RoF analogique est assujettie à des multiples facteurs de dégradation physique altérant la qualité du signal de ces canaux et induisant une perte dans leur capacité de Shannon. L’originalité du plan de contrôle de GeRoFAN est de réaliser une affectation optimisée des canaux radios sur les porteuses optiques, grace au multiplexage par sous-porteuse (SCM), afin d’ajuster la capacité de Shannon dans chaque cellule radio à la charge de trafic à laquelle elle est soumise. A cet effet, une connaissance fine des contraintes physiques de la transmission RoF est requise pour le plan de contrôle. Cette connaissance est acquise par l’élaboration d’un modèle analytique des divers bruits de transmission du système GeRoFAN. Contrairement à des propositions comparables, le plan contrôle de GeRoFAN se doit d’être le plus transparent que possible à la technologie des systèmes radio concernés. Sa nature " MAC radio agnostique " vise à permettre, grâce au multiplexage en longueur d’onde et au routage optique WDM, la fédération de plusieurs opérateurs utilisant différentes technologies radio sur la même infrastructure. Plus généralement, avec la mutualisation de l’architecture GeRoFAN, le plan de contrôle permet de virtualiser les ressources radiofréquences et de promouvoir de nouveaux modèles économiques pour les opérateurs Télécoms. Le dernier volet de la thèse se focalise sur la valeur "business" du paradigme GeRoFAN. Les contours du nouveau éco-system d’affaire promu par GeRoFAN sont définis. Les motivations/attentes des différentes parties prenantes dans cet éco-system sont esquissées, les contraintes réglementaires et organisationnelles soulevées sont adressées afin d’assurer un déploiement sans heurts de GeRoFAN. Bien qu’exigeant un nouveau modèle réglementaire, il s’agit de mettre en évidence l’intérêt économique de la solution GeRoFAN, tout particulièrement en comparaison à la RoF digitale, à travers des études technico-économiques chiffrant les couts d’investissement (CapEx), les couts opérationnels (OpEx) et les possibles retours sur investissement. A cet effet, deux modèles économiques sont proposés mettant en évidence la valeur ajoutée de GeRoFAN tout au long de la chaine de valeur<br>Current radio access networks architectures are not suited in terms of capacity and backhauling capabilities to fit the continuing traffic increase of 4G cellular systems. The objective of the thesis is to propose an innovative and generic mobile backhauling network architecture, called GeRoFAN (Generic Radio-over-Fiber Access Network), for next generation mobile systems (WiMAX, 4G LTE). Two major technological innovations are used to implement GeRo-FAN: analog Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) and reflective amplified absorption modulators. The aim of this thesis is to design for such an architecture an original Control Plane (CP) and a signaling channel enabling to balance radio resources between a set of neighboring cells at the access/metropolitan scale according to traffic fluctuations. The transmission of several radio frequencies by means of an analog RoF link suffers from several impairments that may degrade the capacity of the radio system. The originality of the GeRoFAN-CP consists in mapping radio frequencies with optical carriers by means of Sub-Carrier Multiplexing (SCM) in order to optimize the Shannon’s capacity within the various cells covered by the system according to the current traffic load. For that purpose, a deep analysis and modeling of the various physical layer impairments impacting the quality of the radio signal is carried out. Unlike comparable approaches, the GeRoFAN-CP is as independent as possible from the radio layer protocols. Thus, the "radio MAC-agnostic" nature of the GeRoFAN-CP enables to federate multiple operators using different radio technologies onto the same backhauling optical infrastructure. Subcarrier and wavelength division multiplexing (SCM/WDM) as well as WDM optical routing capabilities are exploited onto the GeRoFAN transparent architecture. More globally, the GeRoFAN-CP enables a form of "radio frequency virtualization" while promoting new business models for Telecom service providers. The last part of the thesis focuses on the business value of the GeRoFAN paradigm. The expectations of the different stake-holders and main regulatory/organizational entities that could be involved in the deployment of GeRoFAN infrastructures should be addressed in order to achieve a smooth deployment of this new type of mobile backhauling. Economics of the GeRoFAN architecture are investigated in terms of OpEx/CapEx valuation and investment profitability, especially in reference to digitized RoF. Two business models are then proposed to study how GeRoFAN contributes to enriching the cellular backhauling service value chain

碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>電機工程學系碩博士班<br>95<br>The goal of this thesis is to propose a new algorithm of virtual bass with analog circuits realization. The proposed method utilized the technique of psycho-acoustic to enhance low frequency parts of the audio signals without other costs in contrast with conventional methods which have trade-off in some performances. Poor low frequency response of small size speakers and headphones is a well-known problem. In this thesis, a new algorithm with proposed harmonics generator is first presented that we make use of theorem of missing fundamental to generate harmonics of fundamental frequency and replace it. Then the compensation followed by equal-loudness contour analysis is made to achieve the technique of loudness matching. The processed low frequency components of audio signals are then added with original high frequency components to replace the original audio signals. It is so-called virtual bass. The proposed harmonics generator includes a hysteresis comparison generator and a half-wave rectifier to generate odd and even harmonics. We also propose some simple architecture composed of analog circuits to realize the proposed algorithm which include the proposed full-wave rectifier, odd harmonics generator and even harmonics generator and use the switched-capacitor to replace the large resistance to realize filters. The detailed verification and performance will be described in the following chapters.

While online virtual worlds draw increasingly wider audiences of players and scholars alike, offline games continue to evolve into more complex and socially layered forms as well. This dissertation argues that virtual worlds need not exist as online, digital environments alone and probes three genres of non-digital gaming for evidence of the virtual: tabletop role-playing games, murder-mystery events, and localized alternate reality games. More broadly, then, this dissertation is about deliberate make-belief: practiced by adults, taken seriously by participants, engaged with for long hours at a time, performed in public, and integrated into everyday social relationships. Drawing on scholars who study games as social activities (McGonigal 2006, Montola 2012) and social institutions (Goffman 1974, Searle 1995), I present three ethnographic case studies that illustrate how complex forms of social gaming can conjure and sustain environments best understood as analog virtual worlds. Through the widespread use of mobile technologies and the concerted efforts of innovators, game spaces are increasingly permeating our everyday lives on- and offline. This dissolving boundary demands anthropologists to revisit questions of how, where, and with whom we play games. Dovetailing Martin Heidegger’s notions of worlding and poiesis to the semiotics of C.S. Peirce, this dissertation investigates how new forms of social gaming demonstrate the same qualities of shared intentionality, intersubjectivity, and performance essential to the production of new social meaning and cultural forms. Following, I situate the bold ethnographic case studies of make-belief in dialogue with scholars who figure exclusively online virtual worlds (Castronova 2005, Taylor 2006, Boellstorff 2008) and argue that analyzing both on- and offline virtual worlds together can help scholars better understand the fundamental nature of social interaction and shared intentionality, those everyday mechanisms that both sustain personal relationships on the one hand and maintain our broadest and most serious social institutions on the other.

碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>工學院聲音與音樂創意科技碩士學位學程<br>100<br>This thesis discuss the source geometric waveforms in early analog synthesizer which use subtractive synthesis as sound designing principle. Implement the classical synthesizer triangle waveforms with reduced aliasing. This method are base on the concept of waveshaping a sine wave and modify the harmonic contents with a filter. Sound quality evaluation using masking effect and hearing threshold models shows that waveshape triangle wave method is perceptually alias-free over almost whole register of the grand piano to note G7 (MIDI number 103). It is applicable in digital implementations of subtractive sound synthesizer.

This thesis attempts to analyze spatial perception for navigation in a virtual arena and to cover neuronal basics of distance estimation. For this purpose, we created a virtual version of Hidden goal task which is an analogy to Morris water maze. The thesis presents results of the experiment with removing orientation cues in a circular arena. The aim of the experiment was to determine, if the assumption of Cognitive mapping theory about orientation cues equivalence is valid for our arena. Experiment outcome indicates that the accuracy of goal position estimation is not only influenced by the number of cues but also by the individual hierarchy of the cues. The hierarchy emerges from the distance of the cue from the goal, although in some cases it can be affected by an outstanding identity of the particular cue. These findings are a basis for the experiment utilizing the functional magnetic resonance method to determine neuronal basics for estimating distances in virtual arena in both the egocentric and allocentric reference frame. Results support the findings of the cited papers about the participation of occipital and parietal lobe in estimating object distance in space. Comparison of the two reference frames showed that whereas the egocentric estimation is related to activity in premotor cortex,...

The purpose of this paper is that through a rhetorical reception analysis to find out how young women interpret a specific content downloaded from Instagram in the form of four collage containing a total of 24 different images. The collages are based on four hashtags: #home, #breakfast, #happiness and #lifestyle. In this study individual interviews were conducted with five female respondents aged 20 to 24 who are active users of Instagram.The women's own presentation and identity has also been studied to see if the image and the identity that they show on Instagram consistent with the image and identity as they have in the reality.With the help of rhetorical tools and a fund theories of gender, identity , habitus and capital so , this study concluded that the respondents both consciously and unconsciously interpret the material chosen differently depending on which of collages that they have analyzed And that respondents in different ways, choose which side of themselves that they want to display on Instagram where some of the respondents admit that the picture they show of themselves on Instagram match the image they have of themselves everyday. While some of the respondents admit that they are more daring, and become more personal on Instagram than they are in real life.<br><p>Validerat; 20160607 (global_studentproject_submitter)</p>