Tesis sobre el tema "Virus de la maladie de Borna"
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Dauphin, Gwenaëlle. "Développement d'outils sérologiques et moléculaires pour le diagnostic et l'étude de la prévalence de la maladie de Borna en France". Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO1T065.
Texto completoVolmer, Romain. "Physiopathologie de l'infection par le virus de Borna". Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077217.
Texto completoBorna Disease Virus (BDV) is a negative, non-segmented single stranded RNA virus that causes a persistent infection of the central nervous System (CNS) in a wide variety of mammals, leading to behavioral disorders. BDV is a well known pathogen in veterinary medicine and epidemiological evidence suggests that BDV, or a BDV-like virus, could also infect humans. During this thesis, we first aimed to study the mechanism of action and the antiviral properties of nucleoside analogs against BDV. Our results show that 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine acts as competitive inhibitor of BDV, probably at the level of the viral polymerase. We have also identified the nucleoside analog 2’-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine (2'-FdC), a nucleoside analog that exhibits potent antiviral activity against BDV. Importantly, 2'-FdC-associated cytotoxicity is negligible, indicating 2'-FdC as an excellent candidate for the development of antiviral therapy against BDV. The second goal of this thesis was to clarify the cellular and molecular bases for the behavioral alterations associated with BDV persistence in the CNS. Since BDV is non-cytolytic, we have hypothesized that these symptoms could be due to an impairment of synaptic transmission in infected neurons. We report that BDV does not affect spontaneous or evoked vesicular cycling. Interestingly, BDV selectively blocks activity-dependent potentiation of SV recycling. This blockade is linked to an interference with protein kinase C (PKC) signaling. In order to study the electrophysiological properties of BDV infected neurons, we have recorded the electrical activity of cortical neurons grown of multi-electrode arrays. This study supports our conclusions that BDV does not alter neuronal activity under basai conditions, but selectively blocks long term potentiation of neuronal network activity
Scordel, Chloé. "Identification des déterminants viraux et mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans l’interférence du virus de la maladie de Borna avec la neurogenèse humaine". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114849.
Texto completoBorna disease virus (BDV) is a persistent neurotropic virus causing neurobehavioral disorders in animals and possibly humans. Using human neural progenitor cells, it had been shown, before my arrival in the laboratory, that BDV induces an alteration in human neurogenesis. Here, we aimed at identifying the viral determinants involved in BDV-induced impairment of neurogenesis and at characterizing the underlying molecular mechanisms. We demonstrated that the phosphoprotein (P) and the nucleoprotein (N), but not the X protein, reduce neurogenesis. Focusing on the role of P, we evidenced an impairment of GABAergic neurogenesis. Then, seeking for the molecular mechanisms responsible for P-induced inhibition of neurogenesis, we showed that it induces a decrease in the expression of cellular factors involved in either neuronal specification (ApoE, Noggin) or maturation (SCG10/Stathmin, TH). Thus, in this study, we demonstrated for the first time that a viral protein is capable of inhibiting GABAergic neurogenesis, a process that is dysregulated in some psychiatric diseases. Our results improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of this persistent neurotropic virus and of its possible role in psychiatric disorders
Tournezy, Jeflie. "Etude des effets thérapeutiques de la protéine X du virus Borna chez la souris SOD1G93". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0298.
Texto completoToday, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) remains an incurable disease for which therapeutic trials have been unsuccessful. It is therefore essential to propose new therapeutic approaches that would slow the progression of the disease and prolong patient survival.Among the pathophysiological characteristics described, mitochondrial dysfunctions are one of the earliest events and could be the origin of the progressive loss of motor neurons. Restoring mitochondrial functions could therefore constitute a therapeutic area of interest to develop new therapies against this disease.With this in mind, we were interested in the X protein of the Bornavirus (BDV for Borna Disease Virus). When it targets mitochondria, the X protein inhibits the apoptosis of neurons and protects them from degeneration in an animal model of Parkinson's disease (Szelechowski et al., 2014). This neuroprotective action of the X protein resides in its last 29 carboxy-terminal amino acids which constitute the PX3 peptide. In addition, a modification to increase the mitochondrial localization of the protein X (XA4 protein) has shown improved neuroprotective effects in vitro.This thesis aimed to propose a new preclinical therapeutic approach, consisting in protecting motor neurons by using the neuroprotective properties of the Bornavirus X protein.First, we tested the neuroprotective effects of the X protein and its derived peptide PX3 in a well-characterized model of ALS, the SOD1G93A mice. Administration of the PX3 intranasally and the X intramuscularly via a viral vector (CAV2-X) slowed the progression of the disease and increased the survival of lumbar motor neurons. However, this treatment did not increase the life expectancy of the mice.Then, we used adeno-associated viruses (AAV) as gene transfer tools. More specifically, we used AAV serotype 10 (AAV10) to administer the gene encoding the X protein (AAV10-X) or its modified form, the XA4 protein (AAV10-XA4) to SOD1G93A mice. We evaluated the effects of these treatments on motor performances, life span, denervation of the neuromuscular junction, and preservation of lumbar and phrenic motor neurons (motor neurons innervating the diaphragm). Our results show that the X and XA4 proteins slowed the degeneration of lumbar motor neurons. Furthermore, while the X protein delayed the onset of motor deficits, the XA4 protein extended the life expectancy of the animals. The maintenance of motor performances in mice treated with X protein was associated with better preservation of the neuromuscular junction compared to untreated SOD1G93A mice.In addition, the administration of X or XA4 proteins to SOD1G93A mice blocks the degeneration of phrenic motor neurons, allowing them to return to values similar to the wild-type group.Although further investigations are needed to better understand the mechanisms involved in the effects of these proteins, our work demonstrates their certain therapeutic effects, on the extension of the life span, on the preservation of the neuromuscular junction, and the limitation of the degeneration of the spinal motor neurons. These studies open a new therapeutic avenue against ALS
Chimpolo, Maria M. "Borna disease virus: a UK perspective". Thesis, Northumbria University, 2006. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/373/.
Texto completoOladele, Oluwafemi. "Characterization of feline borna disease virus /". Uppsala : Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/10454915.pdf.
Texto completoMa, Wenjun. "Studies on reverse genetic systems for avian influenza virus and the Borna disease virus". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969806337.
Texto completoUnterstab, Gunhild. "Charakterisierung der viralen Genprodukte p10 und P des Borna Disease Virus". Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/690/.
Texto completoAls im Kern der Wirtszelle replizierendes Virus ist das Bornavirus auf zelluläre Importmechanismen angewiesen, um den Kernimport aller an der Replikation beteiligten viralen Proteine zu gewährleisten. Das p10 Protein ist ein negativer Regulator der viralen RNA-abhängigen RNA-Polymerase (L). In vitro Importexperimente zeigten, dass p10 über den klassischen Importin alpha/beta abhängigen Kernimportweg in den Nukleus transportiert wird. Dies war unerwartet, da p10 kein vorhersagbares klassisches Kernlokalisierungssignal (NLS) besitzt und weist darauf hin, dass der zelluläre Importapparat offensichtlich flexibler ist als allgemein angenommen. Die ersten 20 N-terminalen AS vermitteln sowohl Kernimport als auch die Bindung an den Importrezeptor Importin alpha. Durch Di-Alanin-Austauschmutagenese wurden die für diesen Transportprozess essentiellen AS identifiziert und die Bedeutung hydrophober und polarer AS-Reste demonstriert.
Die Fähigkeit des Bornavirus, persistente Infektionen zu etablieren, wirft die Frage auf, wie das Virus die zellulären antiviralen Abwehrmechanismen, insbesondere das Typ I Interferon (IFN)-System, unterwandert. Das virale P Protein wurde in dieser Arbeit als potenter Antagonist der IFN-Induktion charakterisiert. Es verhindert die Phosphorylierung des zentralen Transkriptionsfaktors IRF3 durch die zelluläre Kinase TBK1 und somit dessen Aktivierung. Der Befund, dass P mit TBK1 Komplexe bildet und zudem auch als Substrat für die zelluläre Kinase fungiert, erlaubt es, erstmalig einen Mechanismus zu postulieren, in dem ein virales Protein (BDV-P) als putatives TBK1-Pseudosubstrat die IRF3-Aktivierung kompetitiv hemmt.
The Borna Disease Virus (BDV) harbors a single stranded RNA genome of negative polarity. Within the order of Mononegavirales it is the prototype of a new virus family named Bornaviridae. Unique features of this neurotrope virus are its nuclear transcription and replication as well as its ability to establish persistent infections both in vivo and in vitro. The underlying mechanisms of BDV replication and persistence are currently not well understood amongst others due to the fact that BDV is quite a young virus: First complete sequences of the RNA genome have been published in 1994. Only a few months ago the generation of a recombinant Bornavirus from cloned cDNA has been accomplished.
The work presented here focused on the viral p10 protein and the phosphoprotein P that are both encoded by two overlapping reading frames of the transcription unit II.
Nuclear replication of the Bornavirus relies on cellular import mechanisms to allow for nuclear import of viral proteins involved in viral replication. The p10 protein has been described as a negative regulator of the viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase (L). In vitro import experiments revealed that p10 translocates into the nucleus via the classical importin alpha/beta; dependent pathway. This was unexpected since p10 does not contain a predictable classical nuclear localization signal (NLS) suggesting that the cellular import machinery is more flexible than generally believed. The first 20 amino acids mediate nuclear import and binding to the import receptor importin alpha. Analysis of di-alanine-exchange mutants identified essential amino acids and furthermore revealed the impact of hydrophobic and polar side chains in receptor binding and nuclear import.
The ability of the Bornavirus to establish persistent infections rises the question of how the virus circumvents cellular antiviral defense mechanisms, in particular the type I interferon system. This work characterizes the viral P protein as a potent antagonist of IFN beta induction. It prevents the activation of the central transcription factor IRF3 by interfering with the cellular kinase TBK1. The finding that P forms complexes with TBK1 and moreover serves as a kinase substrate allows to postulate a mechanism for the first time, in which a viral protein (BDV-P) acts as a putative TBK1 pseudo-substrate and thereby competitively inhibits IRF3 activation.
Fischer, Heike [Verfasser] y Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Heimrich. "Neuronaler Zelltod in organotypischen hippocampalen Schnittkulturen nach Borna Disease Virus Infektion". Freiburg : Universität, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1115490591/34.
Texto completoHerden, Christiane. "Untersuchungen zu Pathogenese, Neurotropismus und Persistenz des Virus der Bornaschen Krankheit". Giessen VVB Laufersweiler, 2009. http://d-nb.info/996020586/04.
Texto completoKiefer, Majka [Verfasser]. "Borna-Virus-Infektion beim Pferd und anderen Tieren: Eine Literaturübersicht / Majka Kiefer". Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1129174484/34.
Texto completoSchepers, Michaela. "Immunhistochemische Untersuchungen zur Myelinisierung und Rolle der Oligodendroglia im Gehirn nach neonataler aerogener Infektion von Lewis-Ratten mit dem Borna-disease-Virus". Giessen : VVB Laufersweiler, 2009. http://d-nb.info/997131527/34.
Texto completoGötzmann, Regina. "Untersuchungen zur Epidemiologie der Borna Disease Virus-Infektion bei Schafen und Ziegen in der Schweiz und im Fürstentum Liechtenstein /". Zürich : Zentralstelle der Studentenschaft, 2001. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009613372&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Texto completoAL-Ibadi, Basim Ibrahim Hasan [Verfasser]. "Avian borna virus in psittacine birds : viral distribution, tropism and immune response / Basim Ibrahim Hasan AL-Ibadi". Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1081897791/34.
Texto completoStamer, Silke. "Charakterisierung eines Borna-Disease-Virus-spezifischen T-Zell-Epitops der Lewis-Ratte und Einsatz dieses Epitops in Immunisierungsexperimenten". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=96461605X.
Texto completoAlgermissen, Dorothee Anne [Verfasser]. "Nachweis von Borna Disease Virus-spezifischen Proteinen und deren subgenomischer RNA bei natürlich infizierten Pferden / Dorothee Anne Algermissen". Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1009589547/34.
Texto completoHirz, Manuela [Verfasser]. "Pathogenese epileptiformer Krämpfe bei TNF-transgenen Mäusen nach Borna disease virus-Infektion : Rolle von astroglialen Dysfunktionen / Manuela Hirz". Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1148928707/34.
Texto completoKrautz, Karoline [Verfasser]. "Neuropathologische Langzeitveränderungen im Gehirn von Lewis-Ratten nach neonataler Aerosol-Infektion mit dem Borna-Disease-Virus / Karoline Krautz". Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1068875283/34.
Texto completoBergaoui, Ramzi. "Epidémiologie de la maladie de West Nile en Tunisie". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20055/document.
Texto completoOur investigations aimed at clarifying some aspects of the West Nile virus (WNV) epidemiological situation in Tunisia, and in particular at identifying areas at high risk of WNV circulation. A major achievement was the establishment of a risk map for the transmission of WNF in horses. This map shows that the risk of transmission strongly depends on environmental factors: increased risk associated to wetlands proximity and climatic factors favourable to wild birds and mosquitoes. The high seroprevalence observed in horses is compatible with an endemic circulation of WNV without excluding the possibility of repeated introductions.Another study in birds showed the exposure of domestic, wild resident and migratory birds to WNV, and helped establishing an initial inventory of bird species most exposed to WNV. These studies can serve as a basis for a monitoring system of wild birds in Tunisia.A system of monthly follow-up of sentinel chickens detected virus circulation at the end of the hot season (September, October), near wetlands and during a period of high mosquito activity, and abundance of wild birds. The simultaneous occurrence of human cases of WNF brought us to suggest that active surveillance in sentinel chickens would be useful for early warning of increased activity of WNV. This work allows us to propose trails for a WNV multidisciplinary monitoring system adapted to the Tunisian situation, enabling early detection of viral circulation
Alwassouf, Sulaf. "Seroepidemiology of emerging sandly-borne phleboviruses : technical optimization and seroprevalence studies in the Mediterranean basin". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5015/document.
Texto completoSandfly-borne phleboviruses, transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies and belonging to the genus Phlebovirus within the Bunyaviridae family are widely distributed in Mediterranean basin. Human diseases caused by infection with phleboviruses are known for a long time, but they are still neglected due to the lack of epidemiological knowledge and of diagnostic tools.The first part of this thesis was dedicated to optimize a comparative virus neutralisation test to study the seroprevalence of selected phleboviruses and to assess the capacity of each virus to infect humans and animals. The second part aimed to estimate the epidemiology of phlebovirus serocomplexes (Naples, Sicilian and Salehabad) in Mediterranean basin. In order to update the presence of these viruses and their capacity to infect animals, several serologic studies were carried out on animal blood samples in Tunisia, Portugal, Greece and Cyprus. The results demonstrated that the phleboviruses belonging to 3 distinct groups are widely circulating and capable to infect non human vertebrate at different rates in studied countries.The third part showed the capacity of newly discovered viruses (Adana and Medjerda valley viruses) belonging to Salehabad serocomplex to infect human and animal at low and high rates, respectively. These findings suggest the medical and veterinary importance of these viruses. The last part of this thesis, confirm the circulation of Toscana virus by seroprevelance study which was carried out in local population in north Algeria where Toscana virus was isolated recently. The high rate of circulate suggests that Toscana virus is heavily affecting sandfly-exposed people in Algeria
Marini, Giovanni. "The importance of climatic and ecological factors for vector-borne infections: Culex pipiens and West Nile virus". Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2017. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1996/1/Marini_PhD_thesis.pdf.
Texto completoKupke, Alexandra [Verfasser]. "Die Rolle des olfaktorischen Epithels in der initialen Phase der Infektion mit dem neurotropen Borna disease virus / Alexandra Kupke". Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1104077701/34.
Texto completoGarnier, Georges. "Maladie de hodgkin et infection a vih". Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE6821.
Texto completoMarini, Giovanni. "The importance of climatic and ecological factors for vector-borne infections: Culex pipiens and West Nile virus". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10449/40146.
Texto completoMarini, Giovanni. "The importance of climatic and ecological factors for vector-borne infections: Culex pipiens and West Nile virus". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368006.
Texto completoReimers, Christine. "Die Beeinflussung der β-Amyloid-Belastung in einem transgenen Mausmodell des Morbus Alzheimer durch Borna-Disease-Virus (BDV)-induzierte Inflammation". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-20080618-104619-0.
Texto completoAlzheimer´s Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of age-related cognitive failure in humans. Pathomorphologically, it is characterized by a progressive accumulation of amorphous and compact extracellular amyloid-β deposits (plaques) as well as intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Oligomerization and aggregation of amyloid-β1-42, its formation of fibrillary deposits as well as associated neurodegenerative changes lead to an unspecific activation of microglial cells and to inflammatory processes in the CNS. This unspecific form of microglial activation is neurotoxic and enhances neurodegeneration in the course of Alzheimer´s Disease. However, microglial activation is not neurotoxic per se, since there are various types of microglial activation that are being discussed in this study; the different activation types have varying effects reaching from neurotoxic to neuroprotective. The aim of the study was to modify microglial activation in a mouse model of Morbus Alzheimer and to characterize the resulting effects. For the modulation of microglial activation, we used the subclinic infection with the neurotropic Borna Disease Virus (BDV). In order to study the impact of the modulated microglial activation on the cerebral amount of beta-amyloid material, we used swAPP-transgenic Tg2576 mice, which overexpress the Swedish mutation variant of the human APP. These mice produce human amyloid β peptides that form amyloid plaques upon aging. We infected transgenic mice intracerebrally with BDV at different ages (11, 13,5 and 18 months old) and investigated brain-sections of these mice four weeks later by means of immunohistochemistry with regard to lymphocytic infiltrations, astroglial and microglial activation. The amount of amyloid β in the brains of BDV-infected mice was compared to that of non-infected, transgenic mice. The investigation of the cerebral amyloid β load was realized immunohistochemically by using an anti-Aβ1-42-antibody as well as by means of Thioflavin-S fluorescence technique followed by histometric quantification. Additionally, a biochemical analysis of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 peptides was done using an ELISA-kit. A clinically apparent BDV-disorder could not be seen at any stage; BDV-infected mice remained free of BDV symptoms. Only massive amyloid-β deposits were able to independently induce activation of single microglial cells. Intracerebral BDV-infection caused marked infiltrations of primarily CD4-T-lymphocytes as well as a prominent specific microglial activation, which reached maximum levels four weeks p.i. A positive local and gradual correlation of CD4-T-lymphocytes and microglial activation was registrated in the brains of BDV-infected mice. Except one age group, neither BDV-infection nor amyloid-β deposits induced a detectable reaction of astrocytes. In all investigated age groups, a reduced amount of amyloid-β could be measured in the brains of BDV-infected mice compared to non-infected control mice. This Aβ reduction after BDV-infection was most prominent in the age group 13,5 months, where Aβ-load of BDV-infected mice was significantly decreased in many brain areas compared to that of control mice. A local correlation of microglial activation and Aβ reduction could not be observed. Several brain areas in all three age groups showed a significantly higher amount of vascular amyloid-β in the brains of BDV-infected mice compared to those of non-infected controls. Conclusions: 1) In our mouse model, BDV-infection leads to a modulation of microglial activation. 2) The correlation of microglial activation with viral-induced infiltrations of T cells and with upregulated cytokine expression suggests an adaptive, T cell-induced modulation as trigger of this acivation. 3) BDV-specific microglial activation leads to: a) Reduced cerebal amyloid-β load, possibly realized by clearance mechanisms of activated microglial cells. b) Redistribution of amyloid-β from the parenchyma to the vessels, possibly in order to clear the amyloidogenic material via the vasculature. During these processes, amyloid deposition in the walls of the cerebral blood vessels is possible. 4) Viral-induced microglial activation depends on the cell´s age and possible pre-activation; dysfunctional changes in microglia might be a cause for the less effective Aβ-clearance observed in the age group 18 months. 5) In principle, modulation of microglial activation is possible and leads to potential beneficial effects. 6) This study displays a proper model for investigations of the modulation of microglial activation via adaptive mechanisms
JOCQUEL, CHUDACET FABIENNE. "Hodgkin et hiv : a propos de deux cas". Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX20273.
Texto completoMANASSERO, SOPHIE. "Association maladie de hodgkin, infection vih et virus ebv : a propos d'une observation pediatrique". Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE6563.
Texto completoKarine, Bourgade. "Propriétés anti-virales des peptides β-amyloïdes associés à la maladie d'Alzheimer : implication dans le développement et la progression de la maladie". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8198.
Texto completoGehrke, Kira [Verfasser]. "Veränderungen der Expression von Neurofilamenten und des DISC1-Proteins im Gehirn nach neonataler Infektion von Lewis-Ratten mit dem Borna Disease Virus / Kira Gehrke". Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1063954428/34.
Texto completoAlbaret, Marie Alexandra. "Rôle potentiel du virus herpes simplex de type I dans la maladie d'Alzheimer". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10117.
Texto completoThe origin of the sporadic form of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains still widely unknown. However, an adequacy between environmental and genetic factors is highly probable. Numerous arguments suggest that the virus herpes simplex of type 1 (HSV1) by infecting and replicating in the central nervous system, could be a co-factor involved in the AD process. To evaluate this hypothesis, we set up a model made of rat neurons infected by HSV1 in order to analyse the virally-induced modifications of their gene expression. Using this model we have shown: i) an over-production of the amyloid peptide Aß42 and of phosphorylated form of Tau accompanied by their concentration within an intracellular aggresome; ii) variations of the transcription levels of numerous genes equivalent to that observed in AD patients. Furthermore, the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying the virally-induced apoptosis allowed to point out a correlation between caspase activation and Aß42 production as well as a correlation between abortosis and aggresome formation. All together these results demonstrate that this cellular model represents, at least in part, some aspects of the early stages of AD and bring evidences that HSV1 could be a co-factor in the AD process
André, Patrice. "Virus epstein-barr, glycosylation des iga au cours de la maladie de berger". Rennes 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REN1B002.
Texto completoDimi, Jean-Luc Sallet Gauthier. "Analyse de modèles épidémiologiques applications à des modèles parasitaires, à la fièvre hémorragique Ebola /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2006/Dimi.Jean_Luc.SMZ0602.pdf.
Texto completoBoissinot, Sylvaine. "Partenaires et rôle dans le cycle viral des différentes formes de la protéine RT du Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00998392.
Texto completoChevalier, Grégoire. "Analyse des interactions entre lymphocytes T CD8 et neurones au moyen du modèle de neuroinflammation induite par le Bornavirus". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1345/.
Texto completoCytotoxic CD8 T cells (CTLs) are increasingly recognized as key players in various inflammatory and degenerative central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, Rasmussen's encephalitis or Alzheimer's disease. CTLs are believed to actively contribute to neuronal damage in these CNS conditions although their relative contribution remains elusive. Indeed, the possibility that neurons could represent a target for CTLs is still controversial, in part due to the paucity of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I expression by neurons. Given this context, the general aim of my thesis was to analyze the dynamics of interaction between CTLs and neurons and bring new information about the mechanisms of neuronal injury caused by CTLs. To address this question, I used the model of neuroinflammation induced by neurotropic Borna Disease Virus (BDV). Intracerebral infection of adult Lewis rat with BDV, a non-cytolytic virus, is known to induce a CD8 T cell-mediated inflammation. CTLs ex vivo purified from brains of BDV-infected animals were co-incubated with primary cultures of cortical neurons infected by BDV. I could then assess the dynamics and consequences of CTL interaction with neurons, using live-cell imaging and time-lapse microscopy techniques. On one hand, I observed that BDV infection induces MHC class I expression on neurons, rendering them susceptible to CTL attack. On another hand, CTLs are preferentially recruited in the CNS of infected rats, expressing high amounts of cytolytic effector mRNA. Moreover, upon incubation with infected neurons, ex vivo brain-purified CTL produce IFN-gamma, which is not the case when incubated with non-infected neurons or for peripheral CTLs. Thereafter, live-cell imaging of CTL-neuron interaction revealed that CTL mobility was dramatically reduced in an MHC class I-dependent manner, suggesting specific interaction with neurons. Analysis using calcein staining showed changes in neuronal morphology, once again dependent on MHC class I expression. In order to investigate the effect of CTL attack on neuronal electrical properties, we recorded electrical activity of neuronal networks seeded on MicroElectrode Array (MEA), in collaboration with Pr. Le Masson (Inserm U862). Surprisingly, this analysis revealed that the neuronal network remains functionally active during this period. Moreover, neurons appeared to resist quite well to this initial CTL contact, since caspase-3 and -7 activation, indicating apoptosis induction, was detected only 4 hours after co-incubation. Taken together, these data suggest that the dynamics of CTL-neuron interaction may be quite different to that of a classical CTL target. Taken together, these data suggest that the dynamics of CTL-neuron interaction may be quite different to that of a classical CTL target
Gasquet, Clélia. "Une géographie de la fièvre hémorragique à virus Ebola : représentations et réalités d'une maladie émergente au Gabon et en République du Congo". Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100131.
Texto completoThe Ebola hemorrhagic viral fever is a disease which constitutes a threat for the populations of Central Africa, in particular in rural forester areas. In the Gabon and Republic of Congo (7 epidemics between 1994 and 2005) it became a problem of public health? This zoonos appears at the man's during a direct contact with a contaminated animal, a carcass or a vector of the Ebola virus. The emergence is directly connected, in these enclosed villages, to the ancestral practices of places (hunting, picking, etc. ). The contamination takes place during a direct contact with the physical fluids of a patient. It's made first of all within the families of the victims, during the care lavished on the patients and during those given to the deaths during ceremonies funeral. Firstly, with pathocenosis' concept help, we try in this study to understand in which terms the viral emergence lights us on existing links between people and virus. The amplified rôle of hospital's care confirms the inmportance of the risk in this structure and th panic perception of the world opinion. The North carries a particular interest there. There is no epidemic of Ebola which is accompanied with the procession of international institution. This procession « joins » to the national health system of which takes it territorial is low locally. Several types of care's offers exist with the biomedical model of health represented by « house of health » and health centers. During an epidemic of Ebola, because of his high mortality rate (ut to 80%) and of its contagiousness, the logic of the patient seems more connected to a therapeutic wandering, conditioned by the search for the care and for the causality of the misfortune. In the absence of vaccine, the treatment against Eobla remains symptomatic. The multiplicity of the present actors during the crisis aggravates the anomie created by the disease and highlights a balance of powers, violence, wich is sometimes only the expression of the contesting of the most deprived
Caruana, Marie-Line. "Contribution à l'étude du virus associé à la maladie du bunchy top des bananiers". Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR22025.
Texto completoZattara-Hartmann, Marie-Caroline. "Leishmaniose viscerale et infection par le virus de l'immunodeficience humaine : une nouvelle maladie opportuniste". Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX20916.
Texto completoRifkin, Yae͏̈l. "Virus C, Interféron alpha et maladie de Crohn immuno-induite ? A propos d'un cas". Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON11088.
Texto completoAbbassi, Hayet. "Effets de l'interaction entre Cryptosporidium baileyi et des virus immunodépresseurs du poulet : exemple du virus de la maladie de Marek et du virus de la bursite infectieuse". Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR3304.
Texto completoSchepers, Michaela [Verfasser]. "Immunhistochemische Untersuchungen zur Myelinisierung und Rolle der Oligodendroglia im Gehirn nach neonataler aerogener Infektion von Lewis-Ratten mit dem Borna-disease-Virus / eingereicht von Michaela Schepers". Giessen : VVB Laufersweiler, 2009. http://d-nb.info/997131527/34.
Texto completoMoussavou, Ghislain. "Apport de la télédétection et des systèmes d'information géographique dans l'étude des conditions environnementales liées à l'apparition des épidémies de fièvre Ebola au Gabon et au Congo". Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MARN0386.
Texto completoThe Ebola hemorrhagic viral fever is an emerging infectious disease that occurs in the form of rapid outbreaks. Since its first event in 1976, several studies have given rises to various speculations about the nature of its natural reservoir of the virus, which has recently been linked to three species of fruit bats: Hypsignathus monstrosus, Epomops franqueti and Myonycteris torquata. However, although the reservoir seems now to be known, the infection transmission chain and the natural conditions of the epidemics emergence remain none elucidated. In addition, until now, we do not have a vaccine against the Ebola virus although considerable progresses have been accomplished in this way by researchers. Between 1994 and 2005, eight Ebola epidemics occurred in Gabon and Congo. Three main observations permitted us to consider that the Ebola fever is a phenomenon linked to environmental conditions : the virus caused epidemics in the same region “Northeastern of Gabon - West basin of Congo”; the epidemics showed a certain seasonality pattern, since it often occurred during the dry to rainy season transition period ; human epidemics occurred simultaneously or after great mortalities affected populations of gorillas and chimpanzees. Even though an effective treatment or a vaccine would be available in a very close future, prediction, prevention and rapid control of epidemics would remain a major priority in public health. With this in mind, a study was considered about the possible interactions between “the environmental conditions” and “the epidemics emergence”, using a geographical approach with remote sensing and GIS tools. This work has consisted on studying the spatial and temporal dynamics of environmental parameters, as for example, topography, hydrology, vegetation, and so on, in the epidemics area. This study has two main objectives: to characterize the natural environment of the epidemics area and to identify environmental indicators that may be linked to the ecological processes leading to the epidemics. It was shown that the epidemics region has generally a flat topography and it is located in high and pluvial lands, presenting a dense hydrographic network. This results on a very wet environment marked by dense vegetation with specific flora. The ecosystem is therefore subservient to high humidity conditions. In this context, the "environment humidity" is then playing a central role in the ecosystem functioning. This role consists on modulating crucial interactions between humans, forest and animals, which constitute the essential basis of the exchanges involved in the natural virus life cycle. We therefore conclude that "environment humidity" is a propriety closely linked to ecological processes that are at the origin of Ebola fever outbreaks in Gabon and Congo. Finally, the results of this study offer positive perspectives on the use of satellite imagery in determining a threshold of risk of epidemics. The temporal evolution of moisture in environment can be followed, firstly, through changes in the vegetation index NDVI and, secondly, through changes in the radar backscattering. Any value exceeding the critical threshold defined would constitute a warning signal from which the health authorities of the concerned countries could implement awareness and prevention actions
Bertagnoli, Stéphane. "Vaccination contre la myxomatose et la maladie hémorragique virale des lapins : construction et utilisation de poxvirus recombinants". Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30111.
Texto completoIbal-Frat, Véronique. "Evolution des localisations pulmonaires de la maladie de Kaposi au cours de l'infection à VIH". Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON11045.
Texto completoBilleau, Sébastien. "Synthèse de molécules dérivées du benzothiazole et de la tétrahydroacridine". Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX30033.
Texto completoDuring this work, we developed the synthesis of a new family of compounds: the thiazolo-tetrahydroacridines. A strategy of synthesis has been elaborated then optimized and we obtained eight original molecules. Although it is only intermediates of synthesis, many benzothiazolic compounds prepared during this work present a certain interest. It permitted us to increase the high specificity of our compounds. All synthesized compounds are tested in different fields of activity and notably in the therapeutic one. Some results as the anti-HIV activity are encouraging and show the interest to continue works in this way
LOZAT, RAPHAEL. "Epidemiologie et traitement du sarcome de kaposi pulmonaire au cours de l'infection par le virus de l'immunodeficience humaine". Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1M129.
Texto completoLetellier, Carine G. "Mise au point de virus variole aviaire recombinants, construction et utilisation chez la volaille d'un virus recombinannt la glycoprotéine de fusion du virus de la maladie de Newcastle". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212844.
Texto completoLinard, de Guertechin Morgane. "Virus Herpès Simplex de type 1 : une cible potentielle pour la prévention de la maladie d’Alzheimer ?" Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0118.
Texto completoDespite many advances in the understanding of the mechanisms involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD), its precise etiology remains unknown. However, an increasing number of articles suggest that an involvement of the Herpes Simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) could explain both the topographic and temporal sequences as well as the type of damage found in AD. Indeed, HSV-1 is a neurotropic virus found in the brains of elderly people and it has a particular tropism for the areas involved in AD. It is also able to spread from cell to cell. During life, HSV-1 remains latent in the body and is able to reactivate periodically. With advancing age, the decline of the immune system could allow more frequent and/or intense reactivations of the virus, potentially explaining the late and progressive onset of AD. In addition, the main pathological markers of AD (amyloid and tau pathologies, neuroinflammation) can be induced in vitro and in animal models by inoculation of the HSV-1 virus and the accumulation of the aβ peptide could be due to its involvement in antimicrobial defense. In this thesis, in order to test this hypothesis, we first evaluated the association between anti-HSV serologies and different markers of AD according to the presence of the APOE4 allele, a genetic risk factor for MA which may modulate the effect of the virus on the brain. Indeed, the presence of susceptibility factors, genetic or not, would explain why, despite a seroprevalence of approximately 80%, some infected subjects remain "healthy carriers" while others develop the disease. In the Trois Cités Bordeaux and the AMI (Aging Multidisciplinary Investigation) cohorts, we demonstrated that, among the APOE4 carriers, the infected subjects had 2 times the risk of developing AD than the non-infected and three times if they had a high level of anti-HSV IgG (possible reflection of more frequent viral reactivations over time); conversely, no association was found in APOE4 non-carriers. Infected subjects also had more alterations of the white matter microstructure in the parahippocampal cingulum and fornix than uninfected subjects, and if they had an elevated IgG levels, they also presented lower hippocampal volumes. Paradoxically, in the MAPT trial (Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial), we demonstrated that, among APOE4 carriers, infected subjects (and particularly those with high IgG levels) had significantly less amyloid deposits than uninfected individuals while no association was found in APOE4 non carriers. This result, although going in the opposite direction to that expected, could potentially be explained by a selection bias of the subjects included in the trial. Then, using medico-administrative data from 68,291 elderly subjects monitored between 2009 and 2017, we demonstrated that taking at least one systemic anti-herpetic drug was associated with a 15% decrease in the risk of developing AD. Despite a low percentage of participants with regular intake during follow-up, this association could potentially reflect a protective effect of the treatment, in particular considering the possibility of more regular treatment during the period of life before inclusion. Overall, while our results seem in favor of the involvement of HSV-1 in AD, many questions still remain to confirm this hypothesis and its potential in terms of prevention
LE, COZ SERGE. "La rhizomanie de la betterave sucriere : multiplication du virus et aspects agronomiques de la maladie". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066644.
Texto completoVILLOING, STEPHANE. "Le virus responsable de la maladie du sommeil chez les salmonides : un nouveau type d'alphavirus". Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112286.
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