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Carvalho, Luan Guilherme Staichak. "Calibração do modelo de desempenho de caminhões do Vissim." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18144/tde-18022019-112511/.
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Simuladores de tráfego são ferramentas importantes para planejamento e operação do tráfego, pois permitem avaliar cenários de maneira segura e com baixo custo. Porém, a configuração original desses programas é ajustada para replicar as condições do tráfego observado no país de origem do simulador. Em rodovias, o modelo de desempenho de caminhões tem grande influência no comportamento da corrente de tráfego. No Vissim, todavia, esse modelo simula veículos com melhor desempenho, se comparados aos caminhões brasileiros. Apresenta-se neste trabalho a calibração das funções de aceleração para caminhões do Vissim, utilizando a diferença entre perfis de velocidade simulados e reais como medidas de ajuste. Os perfis de velocidade foram criados a partir de dados de GPS para caminhões que trafegaram ao longo de uma rodovia de pista dupla em relevo ondulado, sob baixo fluxo de tráfego. O ruído na velocidade presente nesses dados foi atenuado por meio de um filtro gaussiano. Determinou-se então o perfil longitudinal da rodovia através dos pontos coletados pelo GPS, de modo a ser possível comparar as velocidades reais e simuladas em pontos preestabelecidos ao longo do trecho. A calibração foi automatizada por meio de um algoritmo genético. Todas as replicações da calibração resultaram em configurações para as funções de aceleração capazes de gerar perfis de velocidade simulados mais próximos dos reais se comparadas à configuração original do simulador. Por fim, um estudo de caso foi usado para demonstrar a necessidade de recalibração do simulador, através da avaliação do impacto causado pela calibração do simulador nos equivalentes veiculares obtidos com dados simulados.<br>Traffic simulators are important tools for traffic planning and operation, as they can be used to perform safe, low-cost scenario evaluation. However, these software\'s default configuration is adjusted to replicate the traffic conditions found in the simulators\' country of origin. The truck performance model heavily impacts traffic behavior in simulations of freeway segments. The default values for Vissim\'s performance model are adjusted for trucks with lower mass/power ratios than typical Brazillian trucks. The objective of the research reported here was to recalibrate Vissim\'s truck acceleration functions using the difference between real and simulated truck speed profiles as goodness-of-fit measures. The speed profiles were created using GPS data obtained from trucks travelling over a four-lane freeway situated on rolling terrain, under low traffic flow. Speed noise was removed from GPS data using a Gaussian filter. The longitudinal profile of the freeway was determined using GPS data, to allow for the comparison of observed and simulated speeds at fixed points along the segment. The calibration procedure was automated and based on a genetic algorithm. Every calibration run provided a configuration for the acceleration functions that reduced the difference between simulated and real speed profiles, if compared to the simulator\'s default configuration. The effects of the truck performance model recalibration were demonstrated by means of a case study focusing on the estimation of passenger-car equivalents for Brazilian trucks travelling on freeways.
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Harirforoush, Homayoun. "Evaluation of the LHOVRA O-function using the microsimulation tool VISSIM." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-87757.
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The growth of serious injuries and fatalities resulting from traffic accidents at intersections is one of the main problems in urban areas. Signal control was proposed as an alternative intersection design on rural roads. There were many reasons behind this, the most outstanding of which was the traffic signals can be used as a cost effective tools for traffic management in urban areas. The LHOVRA technique was intended to improve safety and reduce lost time at signalized intersection along high speed roads. The LHOVRA technique is an isolated traffic control strategy in Sweden which is formed from different concepts. This thesis work is aimed to evaluate the LHOVRA technique with a focus on the O-function. Hence, two different scenarios, one with O-function and one without O-function were implemented in the micro traffic simulation software, VISSIM. VISSIM has been used to simulate the traffic situation of the Gamla Övägen – Albrektsvägen intersection by considering the LHOVRA scenario (with O-function) as well as traditional scenario (without O-function) of the intersection. Field measurements were used as input data for VISSIM simulation. The VISSIM simulation model was calibrated to find a close match between simulated and real data. Finally, a comparison of alternatives was carried out based on traffic performance and traffic safety measurements. The simulation experiment results gained by the comparisons were presented a higher time-to-collision value. The higher time-to-collision value the safer situation is. Both delays and travel time were reduced to primary road traffic.
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González, Ramírez Paola Patricia, and Perales Katherine Holguin. "Evaluación del comportamiento vehicular del estudio de factibilidad del proyecto “construcción del puente Santa Rosa, acceso, rotonda y paso a desnivel, Región Callao” empleando la microsimulación en vissim." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652511.
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En la presente tesis se realizará el estudio de microsimulación de tráfico de la actual intersección de las avenidas Santa Rosa y Morales Duárez en donde se proyecta construir el nuevo acceso al Aeropuerto Internacional Jorge Chávez con la finalidad de estudiar el comportamiento vehicular de la intersección con una proyección al año 2032 y tomando en cuenta que la solución planteada en este proyecto es una rotonda y un paso a desnivel.
En el Capítulo 1 de este informe presenta la formulación del problema los objetivos y el planteamiento de la hipótesis para validar la investigación.
En el Capítulo 2 se encuentra todo lo referido al marco teórico requerido para el desarrollo de esta investigación, específicamente todo lo relacionado a la microsimulacion con software Vissim. Luego, en el Capítulo 3 se plantea la metodología para llevar a cabo la investigación en donde se establecen los pasos a seguir para lograr los objetivos planteados, desde la obtención de la información de campo hasta el modelamiento microscópico de intersección estudiada y posterior evaluación con los parámetros de eficiencia.
El Capítulo 4 expone los resultados obtenidos de la microsimulacion analizando el comportamiento operacional de los vehículos con la propuesta del ovalo y el paso a desnivel. Finalmente, respecto a los resultados se plantea una propuesta de mejora y se presentan las conclusiones y recomendaciones.<br>This thesis study the traffic microsimulation of the current intersection of Santa Rosa and Morales Duárez avenues, where it is planned to build the new access to Jorge Chávez International Airport, in order to analize his vehicular behavior with projections of vehicle flow to 2032 taking on that there will build a roundabout and overpass.
Chapter 1 of this report presents the formulation of the problem, the objectives and the approach of the hypothesis to validate the investigation.
Chapter 2 contains everything related to the theoretical framework required for the development of this research, specifically everything related to microsimulation with Vissim software. Then, in Chapter 3, the methodology to carry out the research will be presented and the steps of the process to be followed to achieve the stated objectives are established, from obtaining field information from the field to the microscopic modeling of the intersection studied and subsequent evaluation with efficiency parameters.
Chapter 4 presents the results obtained from the microsimulation with respect to the information entered. Finally, regarding the results, a proposal for improvement is presented and the conclusions and recommendations are presented.<br>Tesis
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Gutierrez, Nieto Jesús Juvencio, and Contreras Wiler James Taipe. "Propuesta para la ubicación de estaciones de bicicletas públicas mediante la metodología de Máxima Cobertura para la reducción de los tiempos de viajes en el distrito de San Borja - Lima." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/651947.
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La preocupación en la actualidad del transporte público nos obliga a fomentar la implementación de medios de transporte sostenibles y saludables. Por este motivo, se propone con esta investigación localizar adecuadamente las estaciones de bicicletas y de esta forma reducir los tiempos de viaje en bicicleta en el distrito de San Borja.
En el primer capítulo formularemos la realidad problemática, formulación del problema de transporte y algunos antecedentes de estudios similares en diferentes países con resultados positivos. También desarrollaremos los objetivos generales, objetivos específicos y las limitaciones de la investigación.
En el segundo capítulo se describirá el marco teórico de la metodología para la localización óptima de estaciones de bicicletas, los modelos de microsimulación y la propuesta de mejora. Asimismo, definiremos los tipos de modelo de tránsito, algunas consideraciones que serán necesarias para realizar los análisis de los resultados que se obtengan.
En el tercer capítulo describiremos la metodología que se utiliza desde la recolección de datos para la metodología de máxima cobertura y el modelo de microsimulación debidamente calibrado y validado. También, se detallará la aplicación de la metodología de máxima cobertura (ArcGIS) y la construcción del modelo de simulación en el software VISSIM.
En el cuarto capítulo se presentan el análisis de las estaciones utilizando el modelo de máxima cobertura, localización de las estaciones optimas, la reducción de viajes del estado actual y el de los escenarios propuestos y por último los resultados de la comparación.
En el último capítulo se encontrarán las conclusiones y recomendaciones a las que se llegaron respondiendo así el objetivo general de la presente tesis.<br>The current public transport concern forces us to encourage the implementation of sustainable and healthy means of transport. For this reason, it is proposed with this research to properly locate the bicycle stations and thus reduce the travel times by bicycle in the district of San Borja.
In the first chapter we will formulate the problematic reality, formulation of the transport problem and some background of similar studies in different countries with positive results. We will also develop the general objectives, specific objectives and limitations of the investigation.
In the second chapter, the theoretical framework of the methodology for the optimal location of bicycle stations, microsimulation models and the proposal for improvement will be described. Likewise, we will define the types of traffic model, some considerations that will be necessary to perform the analysis of the results obtained.
In the third chapter we will describe the methodology used since the data collection for the maximum coverage methodology and the microsimulation model duly calibrated and validated. Also, the application of the maximum coverage methodology (ArcGIS) and the construction of the simulation model in the VISSIM software will be detailed.
In the fourth chapter the analysis of the stations is presented using the maximum coverage model, location of the optimal stations, the reduction of trips of the current state and that of the proposed scenarios and finally the results of the comparison.
In the last chapter you will find the conclusions and recommendations that were reached in response to the general objective of this thesis.<br>Tesis
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Basurto, Valladares Leonardo Joaquín, and De La Tore Rodrigo Raúl Yzaguirre. "Propuesta de un sistema de semaforización para reducir el grado de saturación en las intersecciones de Av. Angamos Este con Av. República de Panamá, Av. Tomás Marsano y Av. Aviación; a través de la metodología del Ramp Metering." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/629963.
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Actualmente, existe un incremento vehicular en Lima Metropolitana que perjudica la eficacia de las vías de comunicación terrestres. Por tal motivo, el presente tema de investigación tiene como finalidad reducir el grado de saturación en las intersecciones urbanas de la Av. Angamos Este con Av. Aviación, Av. Tomás Marsano y Av. República de Panamá ubicadas en Lima Metropolitana a través de la metodología Ramp Metering que considera desarrollar el algoritmo ALINEA. En primera instancia, se describió la situación actual de los cruces viales previamente mencionados, a partir del reconocimiento en campo. Posteriormente, se recopilaron los tiempos de verde efectivo vehicular y el ciclo semafórico peatonal. De igual manera, se contabilizó presencialmente el flujo de automóviles durante 13 horas continuas y el número de transeúntes en las intersecciones durante el mismo periodo. Subsiguientemente, se evaluaron las condiciones de circulación existente, donde el principal objetivo es determinar el grado de saturación por medio de flujogramas que permiten una mejor visualización del estado actual.
Luego de lo mencionado, se empleó la estrategia ALINEA para diseñar una propuesta de mejora a partir los tiempos de verde efectivo calculados el algoritmo mencionado. Siguiendo con el procedimiento, se evaluó el diseño con el software PTV VISSIM 9.0, un programa de micro simulación acorde con los lineamientos planteados del proyecto, con la finalidad de verificar si existe una mejora relacionada al grado de saturación. Por último, se compararon las dos situaciones previstas, calculando el parámetro indicado con el programa VISSIM.<br>Currently, there is an exponential growth in the number of vehicles in Metropolitan Lima that harms the efficiency of the vehicle flow on the roads and highways of this city. For this reason, the present research topic aims to reduce the degree of saturation at the urban intersections of Av. Angamos Este with Av. Aviación, Av. Tomás Marsano and Av. República de Panamá located in Metropolitan Lima through the methodology of Ramp Metering that considers developing the ALINEA algorithm. In the first instance, the current situation of the previously mentioned crosses was described based on the recognition carried out in the field. Subsequently, the effective vehicular green times and the pedestrian traffic light cycle will be collected. In the same way, the traffic flow was collected for 13 consecutive hours and the number of passers-by at the intersections during the same period. Subsequently, the existing circulation conditions were evaluated, where the main objective is to determine the degree of saturation throughout flow charts that allow a better visualization of the current state.
After the aforementioned, ALINEA strategy was used to design a proposal that improves the vehicle flow of the intersections based on the effective green times calculated by the algorithm mentioned. Following the procedure, the design is evaluated with the PTV VISSIM 9.0 software, a micro simulation program in accordance with the guidelines outlined in the project, with the purpose of verifying if there is an improvement related to the degree of saturation. Finally, the two situations foreseen were compared, calculating the indicated parameter with the arithmetic process of the micro simulator VISSIM.<br>Tesis
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Elsayed, Mohamed, and Erik Torstensson. "Two different bus stop layout designs : A traffic simulation study in Vissim." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-170877.
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Bicycles are one of the most efficient way to travel within short-distance trips due to its relatively low maintenance and operation costs (Gao, Liu, & Feng, 2012). Besides to their efficiency, bicycles provide more flexibility for their parking and its ease of use. With the increasing transportation demand in major cities, transportation authorities will encourage to use the bicycle more. However, accommodating bicycles would require physical road geometry modifications such as introducing dedicated bicycle-lanes. Cycling appears to be a sustainable form of transportation across virous countries in Europe, as a result the authorities are planning and implementing upgrades to make the transportation system safer, convenient and sustainable which is necessary to encourage more people to use bicycles as a form of transportation. This thesis is a case study which examines current traffic conditions on a bus stop at Långholmsgatan in the city of Stockholm, Sweden and evaluates the effects of different designs for bicycles and buses. At this bus stop in Långholmsgatan, the bicycle lane is located to the right of the traffic road and to the left of the bus stop in the upstream direction. Buses need to cross the bicycle lane in order to arrive and departure the bus stop. Consequently, a conflict will also be created between bicycles and buses that are crossing the bicycle lane. In this thesis, an alternative design is evaluated in which buses and bicycles are separated from each other. However, this will result in a new conflict between bicycles and pedestrians. These two designs are evaluated in terms of travel time and delay and the analysis was done using micro-simulation software VISSIM. The study shows that the current design at the bus stop of Långholmsgatan should be preferred over the alternative design when considering travel time and delay for bicycles. If buses should be considered, the alternative design should be preferred over the current design.
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Gao, Yu. "Calibration and Comparison of the VISSIM and INTEGRATION Microscopic Traffic Simulation Models." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35005.
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Microscopic traffic simulation software have gained significant popularity and are widely used both in industry and research mainly because of the ability of these tools to reflect the dynamic nature of the transportation system in a stochastic fashion. To better utilize these software, it is necessary to understand the underlying logic and differences between them. A Car-following model is the core of every microscopic traffic simulation software. In the context of this research, the thesis develops procedures for calibrating the steady-state car-following models in a number of well known microscopic traffic simulation software including: CORSIM, AIMSUN, VISSIM, PARAMICS and INTEGRATION and then compares the VISSIM and INTEGRATION software for the modeling of traffic signalized approaches.
The thesis presents two papers. The first paper develops procedures for calibrating the steady-state component of various car-following models using macroscopic loop detector data. The calibration procedures are developed for a number of commercially available microscopic traffic simulation software, including: CORSIM, AIMSUN2, VISSIM, Paramics, and INTEGRATION. The procedures are then applied to a sample dataset for illustration purposes. The paper then compares the various steady-state car-following formulations and concludes that the Gipps and Van Aerde steady-state car-following models provide the highest level of flexibility in capturing different driver and roadway characteristics. However, the Van Aerde model, unlike the Gipps model, is a single-regime model and thus is easier to calibrate given that it does not require the segmentation of data into two regimes. The paper finally proposes that the car-following parameters within traffic simulation software be link-specific as opposed to the current practice of coding network-wide parameters. The use of link-specific parameters will offer the opportunity to capture unique roadway characteristics and reflect roadway capacity differences across different roadways.
Second, the study compares the logic used in both the VISSIM and INTEGRATION software, applies the software to some simple networks to highlight some of the differences/similarities in modeling traffic, and compares the various measures of effectiveness derived from the models. The study demonstrates that both the VISSIM and INTEGRATION software incorporate a psycho-physical car-following model which accounts for vehicle acceleration constraints. The INTEGRATION software, however uses a physical vehicle dynamics model while the VISSIM software requires the user to input a vehicle-specific speed-acceleration kinematics model. The use of a vehicle dynamics model has the advantage of allowing the model to account for the impact of roadway grades, pavement surface type, pavement surface condition, and type of vehicle tires on vehicle acceleration behavior. Both models capture a driverâ s willingness to run a yellow light if conditions warrant it. The VISSIM software incorporates a statistical stop/go probability model while current development of the INTEGRATION software includes a behavioral model as opposed to a statistical model for modeling driver stop/go decisions. Both software capture the loss in capacity associated with queue discharge using acceleration constraints. The losses produced by the INTEGRATION model are more consistent with field data (7% reduction in capacity). Both software demonstrate that the capacity loss is recovered as vehicles move downstream of the capacity bottleneck. With regards to fuel consumption and emission estimation the INTEGRATION software, unlike the VISSIM software, incorporates a microscopic model that captures transient vehicle effects on fuel consumption and emission rates.<br>Master of Science
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Miller, David Michael. "Developing a procedure to identify parameters for calibration of a vissim model." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28135.
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Bethonico, Felipe Costa. "Calibração de simuladores microscópicos de tráfego através de medidas macroscópicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18144/tde-18072016-135825/.
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Os simuladores de tráfego são programas computacionais que, através de diversos modelos, tentam simular o tráfego, o comportamento dos motoristas, o desempenho dos veículos, entre outros aspectos que envolvem uma rede viária. Estes modelos precisam ser calibrados para representar as condições de um determinado local. O objetivo da pesquisa foi propor um método de calibração de um microssimulador de tráfego através de dados coletados por estações de monitoramento. O estudo de caso foi realizado através do simulador VISSIM para um trecho do Rodoanel Mário Covas (SP-021), utilizando um algoritmo genético (AG). A calibração envolveu, além dos parâmetros comportamentais dos sub-modelos de car-following e lane-change, o ajuste das distribuições de velocidade desejada dos veículos e um método para simulação do congestionamento. A função fitness do AG foi baseada em três medidas de desempenho: uma que comparava gráficos de fluxo-velocidade simulados e observados e outras duas que comparavam a distribuição do volume de tráfego e o percentual de veículos comerciais por faixa de tráfego. Os resultados mostraram que a medida mais apropriada para a comparação dos gráficos foi a distância de Hausdorff modificada (MHD). A medida MHD também foi fundamental para garantir a ciência do método de simulação de congestionamento de tráfego proposto. O modelo calibrado foi validado usando dados de tráfego coletados em dias diferentes, pela mesma estação de monitoramento.<br>Traffic simulators are computer programs that, through various models, try to simulate traffic, driver behavior, vehicle performance, and other aspects involved in a road network. These models need calibration to represent local conditions satisfactorily. The objective of the research was to propose a method for the calibration of a traffic microsimulator based on traffic data collected by monitoring stations. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach, a case study was performed calibrating the simulator VISSIM for a section of Rodoanel Mario Covas (SP-021) using a genetic algorithm (GA). The calibration focused on behavioral parameters for car-following and lane-change submodels, as well as on the desired speed distributions of vehicles and on a method to simulate congestion. The GA fitness function was based on three performance measures: one that compared simulated and observed speed-flow plots, and two that compared the distribution of traffic volume and truck volumes across traffic lanes, respectively. The results showed that the most appropriate measure for comparison of the graphs was the modified Hausdor distance (MHD). MHD was also important to ensure the efficiency of the method used to simulate traffic congestion. The calibrated model was validate using traffic data collected on different days, by the same monitoring station.
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Nilsson, Alexander. "Actions to Decrease Delay for Public Transport in Linköping." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-110900.
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Linköpings kommun har i senaste trafikstrategin från 2010 antagit målet att år 2030 ska var femte resa i kommunen ske med kollektivtrafik. För att nå målet behöver kollektivtrafikens attraktionskraft öka. För att ta fram exempel på hur detta kan göras genomfördes examensarbetet med syftet att ”analysera hur korsningen mellan Brokindsleden och Söderleden i Linköping kan förändras för att minska fördröjningen för kollektivtrafik år 2030”. Analysen genomfördes med hjälp av mikrosimuleringsprogrammet PTV Vissim. I en simuleringsstudie jämfördes fyra olika scenarier. NU0 och NU1 som beskriver nuläget utan och med kollektivtrafiksprioritet. Jämförelsealternativet, JA, bygger på en trafikprognos för 2030 och i utredningsalternativet, UA, förändras JA för att minska kollektivtrafikens fördröjning. Den kollektivtrafiksprioritering som används idag beräknades i genomsnitt minska fördröjningen med fem procent per buss motsvarande tre sekunder. Denna minskning är dock inte signifikant. Om korsningen inte förändras till 2030 beräknades fördröjningen för kollektivtrafiken öka med 87 procent. Den övriga trafiken kommer att få en ökning med 45 procent. Utifrån dessa resultat gjordes flera förändringar i simuleringsmodellen, bland annat infördes prioritet för alla bussar och kollektivtrafikskörfält på Brokindsleden. Med förändringarna minskade fördröjningen för buss med 78 procent. Den övriga trafiken påverkas också positivt med en minskning på elva procent, nästan tio sekunder per fordon. Utifrån detta drogs slutsatsen att en förändring med de förslagna åtgärderna mycket väl kan vara alla trafikanter till nytta.
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Marin, Flores Alvaro Manuel, and Quispe Robin Alejandro Enero. "Análisis del impacto vial producido por el establecimiento de un edificio multifamiliar de 20 pisos y 80 estacionamientos ubicado en la Avenida Arequipa utilizando el modelo de microsimulación de Wiedemann 74." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652384.
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La presente tesis propone una solución a la congestión vehicular ocasionado por el establecimiento de un proyecto multifamiliar a través de propuestas de mejora en la infraestructura vial, la cual reducirá las demoras por control y optimizará los niveles de servicio por medio de los parámetros de diseño del modelo de microsimulación de Wiedemann 74.
En el primer capítulo contextualiza la problemática del tema de investigación, antecedentes de estudios, justificativa, hipótesis, objetivos y limitaciones de la investigación.
En el segundo capítulo se desarrolla el marco teórico que respalda los criterios con los que se desarrollará el modelo de microsimulación y la propuesta de mejora. Se define los tipos de modelos de tránsito, los fundamentos de la microsimulación y conceptos que serán importantes al momento de realizar el análisis de resultados.
El tercer capítulo describe la metodología que se utiliza desde la recolección de datos de campo hasta el modelo de microsimulación debidamente calibrado y validado. Además, se detalla la elaboración del modelo de microsimulación.
En el cuarto capítulo se presentan el análisis de resultados obtenidos en la situación actual, en la situación del proyecto a 5 años sin implementar las propuestas de mejora y luego, se presentan las medidas de mitigación a los impactos negativos, los cuales involucra el diseño de la infraestructura vial y reajuste en los ciclos semafóricos.
En el último capítulo se encontrarán las conclusiones y recomendaciones a las que se llegaron respondiendo así el objetivo general de la presente tesis.<br>This thesis proposes a solution to vehicular congestion caused by the establishment of a multi-family project through proposals for improvement in road infrastructure, which will reduce delays in control and optimize service levels through the design parameters of the Wiedemann microsimulation model 74.
In the first chapter, it contextualizes the problems of the research topic, study background, justification, hypotheses, objectives and limitations of the research.
In the second chapter, the theoretical framework that supports the criteria with which the microsimulation model will be developed and the improvement proposal will be developed. It defines the types of traffic models, the fundamentals of microsimulation and concepts that will be important when performing the results analysis.
The third chapter describes the methodology used from the field data collection to the properly calibrated and validated microsimulation model. In addition, the elaboration of the microsimulation model is detailed.
In the fourth chapter, the analysis of results obtained in the current situation is presented, in the situation of the project 5 years without implementing the improvement proposals and then, the mitigation measures to the negative impacts are presented, which involves the design of road infrastructure and readjustment in traffic light cycles.
In the last chapter you will find the conclusions and recommendations that were reached thus responding to the general objective of this thesis.<br>Tesis
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Deshpande, Vinit Vinod. "Evaluating the Impacts of Transit Signal Priority Strategies on Traffic Flow Characteristics:Case Study along U.S.1, Fairfax County, Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31319.
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Transportation engineers and planners worldwide are faced with the challenge of improving transit services in urban areas using low cost means. Transit signal priority is considered to be an effective way to improve transit service reliability and efficiency. In light of the interest in testing and deploying transit signal priority on a major arterial in Northern Virginia, this research focuses on the impacts of transit signal priority in the U.S.1 corridor in Fairfax County in terms of benefits to transit and impacts on other traffic. Using a simulation tool, VISSIM, these impacts were assessed considering a ten second green extension priority strategy.
The results of the simulation analysis indicated that the Fairfax Connector buses benefit from the green extension strategy with little to no impact on the other non-transit traffic. Overall, improvements of 3.61% were found for bus service reliability and 2.64% for bus efficiency, while negative impacts were found in the form of increases in queue lengths on side streets by a maximum value of approximately one vehicle.
Because this research has provided a foundation for the evaluation of transit signal priority for VDOT and Fairfax County engineers and planners, future research can build upon this effort. Areas identified for future research include the provision of priority for the entire bus route; combination of emergency preemption and transit priority strategies; evaluation of other priority strategies using system- wide priority concepts; and the impacts of priority strategies in monetary terms.<br>Master of Science
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Toussant, Erica A. "Analyzing the Impacts of Driver Familiarity/Unfamiliarity at Roundabouts." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1451907184.
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Dwivedi, Pooja Bimalkant. "Study and Evaluation of IntelliDrive Technology for Traffic Responsive Control Strategies." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76929.
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IntelliDrive is an initiative developed by United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) that aims to enable safe, interoperable networked wireless communications among vehicles, the infrastructure, and passengers' personal communications devices. IntelliDrive technology has the ability to provide data that would be helpful in enhancement of the existing traffic management applications. IntelliDrive data has attributes that cannot be measured using traditional surveillance technology and which can be used for the development of new traffic management and traveler information applications. The traffic responsive plan selection (TRPS) mode of operation is used in coordinated traffic network to improve the performance of the system. This mode of operation has the ability to implement the best possible timing plan for the existing traffic conditions by switching between timing plans. The data from IntelliDrive technology can be utilized in the traffic responsive mode to improve the system performance by reducing the overall delay in the system. This paper proposes a system that can be used to integrate the data obtained from the IntelliDrive technology to the traffic responsive mode of operation. The proposed method utilizes the number of stops and delay of the vehicles in an intersection as a basis for the implementation of the best timing plan for the prevailing traffic condition. The study shows that using the IntelliDrive based TRPS results in the selection of the traffic plan that minimizes the delay of the system and thus results in better system performance compared to the traditional traffic responsive mechanism.<br>Master of Science
15
Bahaaldin, Karzan. "Evaluating the Impacts of Connected Vehicle Technology on Evacuation Efficiency." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1122.
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No-notice evacuations of metropolitan areas can place significant demands on transportation infrastructure. In preparation, emergency managers and transportation engineers study potential demands and many create evacuation traffic management plans. The findings from a St. Louis Metro East evacuation study revealed some problematic areas of the transportation network. At these locations the traffic backed up during a simulated evacuation, caused a significant amount of delay, and increased the evacuation clearance time. An emerging paradigm called Connected Vehicle (CV) technology can provide real-time communication between vehicles in a traffic stream. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the impacts of CVs on evacuation from a downtown metropolitan area. The microsimulation software VISSIM was used to model the roadway network and the evacuation traffic. The model was built, calibrated and validated for studying the performance of traffic during the evacuation. This model helped researchers to find the time required to evacuate people in this area for different disaster scenarios. Because it is unlikely that vehicles equipped with CV technologies will become commonplace soon, the researcher tested different levels of deployment, also known as penetration rate. This study included penetration rates from 0 to 30 percent CVs; evaluating the average speed, average and total delays. The findings suggest significant reductions in total delays when CVs reached a penetration rate of 30 percent or greater. Results showed that the presence of CVs at a penetration rate of 30 percent could reduce the overall traffic delay by 60 percent over the evacuation period. A sensitivity analysis was conducted and the finding showed that a 10 percent increase in the penetration rate will significantly improve traffic flow. The findings of this study suggest that the communication capabilities of CVs can reduce delays and improve the traffic flow rate during a no-notice evacuation. Additionally, the benefits could be greater for evacuations with higher volumes, evacuations that last longer, and evacuations with higher proportions of CVs in the vehicle stream.
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Crowe, Jeremy. "THE CALIBRATION, VALIDATION, AND COMPARISON OF VISSIM SIMULATIONS USING THE TWO-FLUID MODEL." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3626.
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The microscopic traffic simulation program VISSIM is a powerful tool that has been used by transportation engineers and urban planners around the world. A VISSIM simulation is meant to depict the performance of the physical road network through the use of modeling tools and behavioral parameters. The process which gets the model to the point of matching real world conditions is called calibration and requires a means of relating the real world to the simulated world. The topic of this thesis discusses a new means of calibration using the two-fluid model. The two-fluid model is a macroscopic modeling technique which provides quantitative characteristics of the performance of traffic flow on an urban road network. The model does this by generating a relationship between the travel time, stopped time, and running time per mile. The two-fluid model has been used to evaluate the performance of road networks for decades but now it is possible to use it to calibrate a VISSIM model. For this thesis, the two-fluid model to be used for calibration was generated from data collected on the Orlando, Florida, downtown network in February, 2008, during three traffic peaks for three typical weekdays. The network was then modeled in VISSIM which required a large amount of data regarding network geometry, signal timings, signal coordination schemes, and turning movement volumes. A similar data collection exercise was conducted during November, 2008, to capture the effects of changes that took place in the network during the ten month period. Another VISSIM network was also made to match the conditions of the November network. The February field data was used to successfully calibrate the VISSIM model and the November data was used to validate the calibrated network. The validation proved that the two-fluid models from the November field data and VISSIM data are statistically similar. With the network calibrated and validated, it could be used to perform scenario tests to see how the network performance would be affected by changes to the network. The two-fluid model has often been used to compare two different physical networks or explore how the performance of a single physical network has changed over time. A similar comparison can be done with the two-fluid models from a calibrated, simulated network. By using the original calibrated models as base cases, scenarios ranging from lane closures due to traffic incidents to the addition of a whole new signalized corridor on the network can be modeled in VISSIM and compared with the corresponding base case. This would allow a governing agency to preview the effects of proposed changes.<br>M.S.<br>Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering<br>Engineering and Computer Science<br>Civil Engineering MS
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Koppula, Nanditha. "A Comparative Analysis of Weaving Areas in HCM, TRANSIMS, CORSIM, VISSIM and INTEGRATION." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33175.
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Traffic simulation is a powerful tool that provides transportation engineers with the ability to test the feasibility and performance of a system before it is implemented and also helps in optimizing the proposed system. Over the past twenty years significant amount of work has been conducted on improving the quality and accuracy of transportation simulation models. Much of this work has been concentrated on microscopic simulation models because they provide traffic engineers greater opportunity to examine the inherently complex, stochastic, and dynamic nature of transportation systems when compared to traditional macroscopic models. In order to test the performance of some of the simulation models, a study is conducted on freeway weaving sections, which are considered to be one of the most complex regions to be modeled and analyzed. The intent of the research is to evaluate TRANSIMS, CORSIM, VISSIM and INTEGRATION and compare them with Highway Capacity Manual, which adopts a traditional methodology for carrying out the operational analysis of a highway system. The statistics collected for the simulation runs include weaving speeds, non-weaving speeds and density of the weaving section.<br>Master of Science
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Peron, Luciano. "Contribuição metodológica para aplicação de prioridade semafórica condicional em corredores de ônibus." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-05112015-103715/.
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Esta pesquisa traz à discussão a implantação de Sistemas Inteligentes de Transportes (ITS), em particular a funcionalidade Transit Signal Priority (TSP), ou Prioridade Semafórica, como uma solução a ser considerada para melhorar o desempenho de um corredor de ônibus. Os dados do Sistema Integrado de Monitoramento (SIM) foram empregados para identificar os locais com maior retardamento no Corredor Campo Limpo - Rebouças- Centro em São Paulo e, selecionado um trecho crítico, foi elaborada uma rede de microssimulação no software PTV - Vissim. A aplicação da prioridade semafórica foi feita através do VISVAP, controlador de lógica externo, no qual foram escritas as condicionantes de prioridade. O TSP foi simulado em quatro cenários distintos e, os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que as expectativas verificadas no referencial teórico (por exemplo: aumento da velocidade média dos ônibus e automóveis), puderam ser comprovadas e, além disso, a prioridade semafórica condicional foi capaz de reduzir os retardos inclusive nas vias transversais não priorizadas.<br>This research brings to discussion the implementation of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), particularly the Transit Signal Priority (TSP) feature as a solution to be considered to improve the performance of a bus corridor. Data from a Monitoring Integrated System (Sistema Integrado de Monitoramento - SIM) were used to identify most significant delay points at Campo Limpo - Rebouças- Centro Corridor in São Paulo and, after selected a critical stretch, it was developed a microsimulation with PTV Vissim software. The transit signal priority was made by VISVAP, external logic controller, in which were described the priority conditions. TSP was simulated in four different scenarios and, the obtained results have concluded that expectations examined in academic referencial (for example: increase in the average speed of buses and cars), could be confirmed, and, in addition, the transit signal priority was able to decrease delays in cross ways too (not prioritized).
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Elmitiny, Noor. "SIMULATION AND CONTINUANCE OF OPERATION FOR THE USE OF TRANSIT (LYNX) TO BE USED IN EMERGENCY EVACUATION INCIDENTS." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3475.
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The evacuation planning has become an important issue addressed by many research studies and publications aiming to improve the security of the daily life for our public inside the United States of America. The main objective of this research was to address the growing need for evacuation planning using traffic simulation. With increased interests and awareness in emergency evacuation and first responder access to emergencies in public locations (airports, transit stations, ports or stadiums), the traffic simulation can be helpful in orchestrating the traffic flow during emergencies. Related to this issue, Federal Transit Administration has issued a large number of publications and guidelines concerning emergency preparedness and incident management. These guidelines are used to develop a simulation-based activity to evaluate the current plan and alternative plans for the deployment of transit during an emergency situation. A major task for this project is to study the effect of evacuation on the surrounding traffic network and help the local transit company (LYNX) to evaluate their evacuation plan and consider different possibilities without the risk and cost of actual evacuation drills. A set of different scenarios and alternatives for each scenario were simulated and studied to reach the best possible evacuation strategy. The main findings were evacuation as pedestrians have less impact on traffic network and rerouting decreases the congestion resulting from the evacuation process.<br>M.S.<br>Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering<br>Engineering and Computer Science<br>Civil Engineering
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Castillo, Polo Juan Eduardo, and Sovero Joe Moisés Pérez. "Propuesta de mejora en los niveles para la intersección de la Av. La Marina con la Av. Antonio José de Sucre utilizando el software Vissim V0.9." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652674.
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La presente tesis evalúa los niveles de servicio de la intersección de la Av. La Marina con la Av. Sucre, debido al incremento de la congestión vehicular. Para ello se elaboró un modelo microscópico de la intersección donde se presentaron propuestas de mejora de la situación actual. El análisis de las propuestas se realizó en base al software Vissim 9.0. La presente investigación consta de 5 capítulos.
El Capítulo 1, plantea la problemática del tráfico vehicular. Asimismo, se presentan antecedentes de investigaciones similares, la justificación del estudio, la hipótesis y los objetivos del estudio.
El Capítulo 2, desarrolla el marco teórico de la investigación. Aquí se toma en cuenta estudios previos realizados e información correspondiente a microsimulación. Se presentan los tipos de modelos de tráfico, fundamentos de microsimulación, modelos de seguimiento vehicular y se explica el funcionamiento del software Vissim V9.
El Capítulo 3, describe la metodología empleada en la presente investigación, además del procesamiento de la información, la construcción del modelo de microsimulación debidamente calibrado y validado.
El Capítulo 4, presenta los resultados de la microsimulación, determinando el nivel de servicio actual de la intersección en “F” y que al implementar las propuestas de mejora se puede mejorar hasta un nivel “D”.
El Capítulo 5, presenta las conclusiones y las recomendaciones.
De lo indicado se puede concluir que el uso adecuado del software de simulación de tránsito, permite evaluar y optimizar de manera real los niveles de servicio de una intersección sin necesidad de intervenir de manera real en el área de estudio.<br>This thesis evaluates the service levels of the intersection of Av. La Marina with Av. Sucre, due to the increase in vehicular congestion. To do this, a microscopic model of the intersection was developed and proposals were made to improve the current situation. The analysis of the proposals was carried out based on Vissim 9.0 software. The present investigation consists of 5 chapters.
Chapter 1, raises the issue of vehicular traffic. Likewise, similar research background, the justification of the study, the hypothesis and the objectives of the study are presented.
Chapter 2 develops the theoretical framework of the investigation. Here, previous studies and information corresponding to microsimulation are taken into account. The types of traffic models, microsimulation fundamentals, vehicle tracking models are presented and the operation of the Vissim V9 software is explained.
Chapter 3 describes the methodology used in this research, in addition to information processing, the construction of the properly calibrated and validated microsimulation model.
Chapter 4 presents the results of the microsimulation, determining that the current service level of the intersection is "F" and that by implementing the improvement proposals it can be improved to a "D" level.
Chapter 5 presents the conclusions and recommendations.
From the aforementioned, it can be concluded that the proper use of traffic simulation software allows for the real evaluation and optimization of the service levels of an intersection without the need to actually intervene in an intersection.<br>Tesis
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Pérez, Rodríguez Carlos Martín, and Salazar Carlos Martín Porras. "Propuesta de solución al congestionamiento vehicular en la rotonda Las Americas ubicada frente al Aeropuerto Internacional Jorge Chávez aplicando microsimulación en el software Vissim v.9." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/628042.
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La presente tesis propone una solución a la congestión vehicular a través de una microsimulación con el software Vissim v9 de la rotonda Las Américas ubicada frente al Aeropuerto Internacional Jorge Chávez. La microsimulación se realizó mediante los parámetros de Wiedemann, los cuales fueron utilizados en la calibración y validación del modelo haciéndolo lo más cercano a la realidad considerando la geometría del área de estudio y la Psicología de los conductores.
En el primer capítulo se encontrará el problema de la congestión vehicular en Perú y Lima, algunos antecedentes de estudios similares, la hipótesis y los objetivos de la investigación. En el segundo capítulo se desarrolló el marco teórico que respalda los criterios con los que se ha desarrollado tanto el modelo de microsimulación como la propuesta de mejora. Aquí podremos encontrar la definición de los diferentes tipos de modelos, los fundamentos de la microsimulación (modelo de Wiedemann) y se explica el análisis que ejecuta el software Vissim v9. El tercer capítulo describe la metodología que se utiliza desde la recolección de datos de campo hasta el modelo de microsimulación debidamente calibrado y validado. En el cuarto capítulo se presentan los resultados de la microsimulación, los cuales nos indican el nivel de servicio actual de la rotonda es “F” y se logró mejorar hasta uno “D”, según la HCM (2010). En el último capítulo se encontrarán las conclusiones y recomendaciones a las que se llegaron respondiendo así el objetivo general de la presente tesis.<br>This thesis proposes a solution to vehicular congestion through microsimulation with the Vissim v9 software of the Las Americas roundabout located opposite the Jorge Chavez International Airport. Microsimulation was performed using Wiedemann parameters, which were used in the calibration and validation of the model making it as close to reality considering the geometry of the study area and the Psychology of the drivers.
In the first chapter you will find the problem of vehicular congestion in Peru and Lima, some background of similar studies, the hypothesis and the objectives of the investigation. In the second chapter the theoretical framework was developed that supports the criteria with which both the microsimulation model and the proposal for improvement have been developed. Here we can find the definition of the different types of models, the fundamentals of microsimulation (Wiedemann model) and the analysis that runs the Vissim v9 software is explained. The third chapter describes the methodology used from the collection of field data to the properly calibrated and validated microsimulation model. In the fourth chapter the results of the microsimulation are presented, which indicate the current service level of the roundabout is “F” and it was possible to improve up to one “D”, according to the HCM (2010). In the last chapter you will find the conclusions and recommendations reached in response to the general objective of this thesis.<br>Tesis
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Гойчак, Іван Іванович, та Ivan Hoichak. "Використання методів математичного аналізу для дослідження силових характеристик багатошпиндельних токариних автоматів". Master's thesis, Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя, 2018. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/26997.
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Роботу виконано на кафедрі конструювання верстатів, інструментів та машин Тернопільського національного технічного університету імені Івана Пулюя Міністерства освіти і науки України<br>В дипломній роботі магістра розглянуто основні способи формоутворення обробки поверхонь деталі типу «ШП-128-14» та розроблено технологічний процес її виготовлення. Здійснено конструювання виконавчих вузлів верстату. Проведено моделювання приводу проектованого верстату. Вирішені питання техніко-економічного обґрунтування прийнятих технічних рішень. Також розкриті питання охорони праці та безпеки в надзвичайних ситуаціях, екології.<br>The purpose of work is development of design of the main executive knots of the designed machine and modeling of work of its occasion. In the thesis of the master the main modes of shaping of surfaces of detail like "ShP-128-14" are considered and technological process of its production is developed. The designs of the gearbox and machine tool spindle unit are developed. Done technical and economic feasibility of technical solutions. Thesis work includes issues related to the industrial safety, human ecology and the safety of human life.<br>Вступ; Аналітичний розділ; Оптимізація схем формоутворення на проектованому верстаті і оптимізація його компоновки; Вибір та обгрунтування вихідних даних на розробку верстатного обладнання. Технологічний розрахунок.; Проектування конструкції верстатного обладнання; Спеціальна частина; Науково-дослідний розділ; Обгрунтування економічної ефективності; Охорона праці та безпека в надзвичайних ситуаціях; Екологія ; Висновки.
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Quispe, Chayña Edwin Rafael. "Micro-simulación de ciclistas empleando VISSIM 8: un caso aplicado en la ciudad de Lima." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/7613.
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Como parte del desarrollo sostenible es inevitable no considerar la influencia de los
sistemas de transporte, sobre todo, por las altas emisiones de CO2 que producen.
Ciudades como Copenhague, Estocolmo, Berlín y Bogotá han comprendido ya que una
alternativa de solución es la promoción de los sistemas de transporte no motorizado y
un claro ejemplo es fomentar la utilización de las bicicletas.
Por otro lado, la microsimulación del tráfico es una alternativa tecnológica que ahora
puede darse debido a las computadoras y sus procesadores cada vez más eficientes. Sin
embargo, existen pocos estudios que incluyan a los ciclistas como parte importante de
un proyecto. En tal sentido, esta investigación pretender servir como una base para el
desarrollo de futuros proyectos relacionados a la evaluación microscópica,
específicamente, de avenidas para uso exclusivo de ciclistas. La evaluación se realiza
durante el ciclo día, en un tramo de la avenida Arequipa, entre las calles Gonzáles Prada
y la avenida Angamos.
Para la evaluación se utiliza el software Vissim 8.0, que a pesar de contar solo con el
submodelo de seguimiento vehicular de Wiedemann, se pretende adaptarlo para
representar a los ciclistas. Del mismo modo, se evalúa las configuraciones internas del
software, en especial los efectos que resultan al variar (i) el nivel de detalle (en
intervalos) de la curva asignada al desired speed distribution, (ii) el efecto del driving
behaviour asignado, (iii) el número de actualizaciones por segundo y (iv) el número
semilla. Y que, a diferencia de lo planteado en la hipótesis, estas evaluaciones muestran
resultados significativos en los diferentes casos. Así mismo, se revisan los modelos de
seguimiento vehicular de Gipps, Wiedemann y General Motors; así como los expuestos
por Twaddle et al. (2014) que incluye los modelos longitudinalmente continuos,
modelos autómata celular y modelos de fuerza social.
Finalmente, se muestra evidencia que, si bien es posible obtener resultados
estadísticamente similares utilizando submodelos vehiculares, es necesario
implementar otros modelos de seguimiento que sean específicos para ciclistas, pues
como se describe, estos realizan más movimientos individuales y responden ante otro
tipo de estímulos y condiciones.<br>Tesis
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Whaley, Michael T. "Developing freeway merging calibration techniques for analysis of ramp metering In Georgia through VISSIM simulation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/55068.
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Freeway merging VISSIM calibration techniques were developed for the analysis of ramp metering in Georgia. An analysis of VISSIM’s advanced merging and cooperative lane change settings was undertaken to determine their effects on merging behavior. Another analysis was performed to determine the effects of the safety reduction factor and the maximum deceleration for cooperative braking parameter on the simulated merging behavior. Results indicated that having both the advanced merging and cooperative lane change setting active produced the best results and that the safety reduction factor had more influence on the merging behavior than the maximum deceleration for cooperative braking parameter. Results also indicated that the on-ramp experienced unrealistic congestion when on-ramp traffic was unable to immediately find an acceptable gap when entering the acceleration lane. These vehicles would form a queue at the end of the acceleration lane and then be unable to merge into the freeway lane due to the speed differential between the freeway and the queued ramp traffic. An Incremental Desired Speed algorithm was developed to maintain an acceptable speed differential between the merging traffic and the freeway traffic. The Incremental Desired Speed algorithm resulted in a smoother merging behavior. Lastly, a ramp meter was introduced and an increase in both the freeway throughput and overall speeds was found. Implications of these findings on the future research is discussed.
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Hedenmo, Otto, and Pär Enarsson. "Transportlösningar för Visby kryssningskaj : En turistorts utmaningar i högsäsong." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-296669.
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In Visby, cruise calls have become less frequent over the years and to prevent this development it has been decided to build a cruise port located south of Visby harbor. To reach Visby the cruise passengers need to pass through the harbor and all its crossings. However, in Visby harbor the ferries to the mainland are already causing traffic jams during peak season and without a functioning transport solution the cruise passengers will probably cause even bigger problems. In order to encourage a sustainable tourism a traffic solution for the harbor needs to be presented. The aim of this study is to evaluate how the new cruise port will affect the traffic situation in Gotland, both local and regional. A qualitative study has been carried out to gather information and opinions from local actors in Gotland, regarding traffic and tourism. Based on this qualitative study and a method developed by the Swedish transportadministration, four different transport solutions have been evaluated. One shuttlebus solution and three different walkways. These solutions have been simulated in the software Vissim in order to evaluate the efficiency for each solution, and in Enviver to calculate the emissions they cause. The study shows that the walkway that does not affect traffic in the harbor is the solution that is most efficient and has lowest emissions, but it also demands large investments. The shuttlebus solution was also efficient but with higher emissions and it is dependent on buses and drivers to be available.
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Guisado, Rojas Cynthia Alessandra. "Análisis de sensibilidad de los parámetros psico-físicos del modelo de seguimiento vehicular de VISSIM 6." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/7835.
Texto completoResumen
Para la evaluación de medidas en la gestión de tráfico y la planificación de
infraestructura vial en la ciudad de Lima, como intersecciones, es común aplicar
microsimulación. Para ello se tiene como fundamento la teoría de Seguimiento
Vehicular de Wiedemann implementado en el software PTV VISSIM, en el cual se
emplean los parámetros psico-físicos, distancia estática promedio (ax), distancia de
seguridad aditiva (bxadd) y distancia de seguridad multiplicativa (bxmult), que
describen el comportamiento de los conductores de vehículos (PTV VISSIM, 2011).
En la presente investigación se determina la sensibilidad de dichos parámetros en
la intersección de la av. Bolívar, av. José María Egúsquiza (ex - av. Córdova) y calle
Bernardo Hoggins (ex - calle Andalucía), ubicados en la ciudad de Lima.
Conocer la sensibilidad de los parámetros en mención reduce de manera
significativa el tiempo de modelado del dispositivo vial que se desea simular. De
manera específica, se reduce el tiempo de calibración y validación, a través de la
disminución de la incertidumbre de los valores de los parámetros, producto de un
análisis estadístico. Por lo que se contribuye con las futuras simulaciones
microscópicas de la infraestructura vial urbana y local, que se realizan utilizando el
software Vissim 6.
Lo resultados de la presente investigación revelan que el parámetro de distancia
estática promedio, “ax”, es el parámetro con mayor sensibilidad. Esto debido a que
cuando se realizó la prueba de Kruskal Wallis utilizando el software Minitab, se
observó que los valores de la velocidad promedio de la intersección al variar el
parámetro “ax” producen un valor de H=19.51, el cual es mayor que
. Por lo que se recomienda emplear el valor de “1” debido a que la
agresividad del conductor limeño produce una distancia menor entre vehículos.<br>Tesis
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Álvarez, Vargas Jordy Wilber. "Micro-simulación intermodal en la ciudad del Cusco empleando los software Vissim 8 y Viswalk 8." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/8642.
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El proyecto de ingeniería a desarrollar consta del estudio de una intersección ubicada
en la ciudad de Cusco entre los distritos de Wanchaq y Cusco Cercado con el fin de
evaluar las condiciones de los usuarios dentro de la misma. La evaluación se
realizará mediante un modelo microscópico de tráfico (intersección), para luego
presentar propuestas de mejoras a la situación inicial.
El análisis se realizará a través de los softwares computacionales Vissim 8.0 y
Viswalk 8.0. Estos programas son capaces de simular el tráfico vehicular y peatonal
de una zona de interés específico basándose en los datos recolectados en campo
(flujo vehicular, flujo peatonal, ciclos de semáforos, geometría, etc.).
Para llevar a cabo este modelamiento, se procede a recrear la intersección
virtualmente en los programasmencionados con todos los datos obtenidos en campo.
Para conseguir la mayor similitud posible a la realidad, el modelo debe ser calibrado
una vez terminado el procesamiento de datos. Esta calibración consta de ajustes
numéricos entre la realidad y el modelo. En el caso de este estudio, se tomará en
cuenta como parámetros de evaluación las longitudes de cola, la demora promedio y
la velocidad promedio. Posteriormente, se procede a la validación del modelo, para
lo cual se cambian los datos iniciales por nuevos datos de campo. Una vez terminado
el modelo se procede a evaluar los parámetros de eficiencia y se propondrán
alternativas según los resultados obtenidos. Estas pueden ser variaciones en
términos de ciclos del semáforo hasta un rediseño vial si así ameritara el caso.
En este proyecto, se plantearon tres propuestas con la finalidad de mejorar la
situación actual del tráfico peatonal y vehicular. De ellas se escogió la de mayor
factibilidad en cuanto a la posibilidad de evaluación que se podía desarrollar. Esta
alternativa se conformó de la propuesta de modificación de la geometría de la zona
de estudio y de la optimización de los ciclos y fases de los semáforos que actúan en
la intersección trabajada. Las modificaciones planteadas generaron cambios
positivos en cuanto a la situación inicial estudiada; ya que se redujeron parámetros
de eficiencia importantes como la longitud de cola (se redujeron 16 metros) de
vehículos en la avenida de mayor afluencia (Av. San Martin). Además, en cuanto a
los usuarios de a pie se les brindó mayores facilidades para movilizarse a través de
las avenidas de la intersección analizada. Esto debido a que, se propusieron mejoras
para la circulación de usuarios con discapacidad. Asimismo, se brindó mayor tiempo
para la circulación peatonal (24 segundos adicionales) en el cruce de la Avenida
Tullumayo que es la de mayor circulación peatonal.<br>Tesis
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Conran, Charles Arthur. "Modeling Microscopic Driver Behavior under Variable Speed Limits: A Driving Simulator and Integrated MATLAB-VISSIM Study." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78234.
Texto completoResumen
Variable speed limits (VSL) are dynamic traffic management systems designed to increase the efficiency and safety of highways. While the macroscopic performance of VSL systems is well explored in the existing literature, there is a need to further understand the microscopic behavior of vehicles driving in VSL zones. Specifically, driver compliance to advisory VSL systems is quantified based on a driving-simulation experiment and introduced into a broader microscopic behavior model. Statistical analysis indicates that VSL compliance can be predicted based upon several VSL design parameters. The developed two-state microscopic model is calibrated to driving-simulation trajectory data. A calibrated VSL microscopic model can be utilized for new VSL control and macroscopic performance studies, adding an increased dimension of realism to simulation work. As an example, the microscopic model is implemented within VISSIM (overriding the default car-following model) and utilized for a safety-mobility performance assessment of an incident-responsive VSL control algorithm implemented in a MATLAB COM interface. Examination of the multi-objective optimization frontier reveals an inverse relationship between safety and mobility under different control algorithm parameters. Engineers are thus faced with a decision between performing multi-objective optimization and selecting a dominant VSL control objective (e.g. maximizing safety versus mobility performance).<br>Master of Science
29
Roe, Matthew Stephen. "Development of a hardware-in-the-loop analysis framework for advanced ITS applications." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28260.
Texto completoResumen
As Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) become more prevalent, there is a need for a system capable of the rigorous evaluation of new ITS strategies for a wide variety of applications. Pre-deployment testing and fine-tuning of the system, performance evaluation, and alternatives analysis are all potential benefits that could be gained through the evaluation of ITS. Simulation, an increasingly popular tool for transportation analysis, would seem an ideal solution to this problem as it allows for the consideration of many scenarios that may be improbable or impossible to observe in the field. Also, simulation provides a framework that allows for the application of rigorous analysis techniques to the output data, providing an accurate and statistically significant conclusion.
The difficulty is that many ITS strategies are difficult or impossible to implement in a simulated environment. The rapid nature of technology development and the complicated nature of many ITS solutions are difficult to emulate in simulation models. Furthermore, the emulation of a particular ITS solution is not guaranteed to provide the same result that the physical system would, were it subject to the same inputs.
This study seeks to establish a framework for the analysis of advanced ITS applications through the use of Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation (HILS), which provides a procedure for interfacing simulation models with real-world hardware to conduct analysis. This solution provides the benefits of both advanced ITS evaluation and simulation for powerful and accurate analysis. A framework is established that includes all the steps of the modeling process including construction, validation, calibration, and output analysis. This ensures that the process surrounding the HILS implementation is valid so that the results of the evaluation are accurate and defendable.
Finally, a case study of the application of the developed framework to the evaluation, a real-world implementation of an advanced ITS application (SCATS in this case) is considered. The effectiveness of the framework in creating and evaluating a corridor using a simulation model wed to real-world hardware is shown. The results of the analysis show the power of this method when correctly applied and demonstrate where further analysis could expand upon the proposed procedure.
30
Jauregui, Christian, Maria Torres, Manuel Silvera, and Fernando Campos. "Improving people's accessibility through a fully actuated signal control at intersections with high density of pedestrians." Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656407.
Texto completoResumen
El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.<br>The fully actuated signal control detects the pedestrian density using sensors and, according to that, it prioritizes pedestrians crossing. One major problem, worldwide, is using fixed time traffic light as a traffic regulator at intersections with high pedestrian and vehicular volume. Lima is no exception, continuing to use this kind of traffic lights completely harms pedestrian accessibility, it increases their waiting and crossing times, it also affects road safety and service levels at the structures. The proposal on this article is to design a fully actuated signal control using logical controls that are able to perceive the pedestrian density on the refuge islands, making everything more accessible. In order to do this, a study to identify the pedestrian and vehicle volume was conducted on the Lima Panamerican highway. There was a total of 7506 pedestrians during rush hour, proving there is a large amount of people at the intersection at that time. Thereby, by using the VisVap module of the Vissim, the study managed to simulate and validate the priority control required. All in all, the results showed a remarkable improvement, the pedestrian crossing time was reduced by 6.84% and the service level of the intersection went from E to D.
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Huanca, Tarazona Samuel David, and Quispe Angel Abel Rojas. "Propuesta de mejora del diseño vial del óvalo La Curva de Chorrillos validado con el software Vissim 9.0." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626486.
Texto completoResumen
La presente tesis se basa en el análisis del flujo vehicular, presente en el óvalo La Curva, ubicada en el distrito de Chorrillos, Departamento de Lima-Perú. El proyecto evalúa las condiciones de servicio, diseño del óvalo y el tráfico vehicular. Esta evaluación es realizada mediante un modelo microscópico que es simulado en el software Vissim 9.0.
La construcción del modelo consiste en 4 fases. La primera, trata del análisis previo, que abarca desde la recolección de datos hasta el procesamiento en gabinete. Por un lado, la toma de medidas geométricas se realizó en un día de menor volumen vehicular. Por otro lado, el aforo vehicular y peatonal se realizó en un día típico. La segunda fase consiste en el modelamiento inicial, que busca trasladar el diseño geométrico actual al Vissim para proceder con la microsimulación. Asimismo, se realizaron múltiples corridas hasta lograr la optimización del modelo, previo precalentamiento y calibración del mismo. La tercera fase analiza el diseño propuesto en base a los parámetros de eficiencia vehicular, como son el tiempo de viaje (demoras), la longitud de cola y el nivel de servicio. La propuesta busca optimizar el sistema de semaforización, actualmente existente e inoperativa, y un cambio de nivel en una de las avenidas que concurre mayor cantidad flujo vehicular. En la última fase se busca evaluar y comparar los resultados, tanto de la situación actual como de la alternativa propuesta. Finalmente, los parámetros que presenten mejoras en su servicio serán determinantes para reducir el problema de congestión vehicular.<br>This thesis is based on the analysis of vehicle flow, present in the La Curva oval, located in the district of Chorrillos, Department of Lima-Peru. The project evaluates service conditions, oval design and vehicular traffic. This evaluation is done through a microscopic model that is simulated in Vissim 9.0 software.
The construction of the model consists of 4 phases. The first one deals with the previous analysis, which ranges from data collection to cabinet processing. On the one hand, the geometric measurements were taken on a day with less vehicular volume. On the other hand, vehicular and pedestrian traffic was performed on a typical day. The second phase consists of the initial modeling, which seeks to transfer the current geometric design to the Vissim to proceed with the microsimulation. Likewise, multiple runs were performed until the model was optimized, after preheating and calibrating it. The third phase analyzes the proposed design based on vehicle efficiency parameters, such as travel time (delays), tail length and service level. The proposal seeks to optimize the traffic signaling system, currently existing and inoperative, and a change of level in one of the avenues that has the greatest amount of traffic flow. In the last phase, the aim is to evaluate and compare the results, both of the current situation and of the proposed alternative. Finally, the parameters that present improvements in their service will be decisive to reduce the problem of vehicular congestion.<br>Tesis
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Lopez, Barrios Leoncio Enrique, and Marcos Carlos Eduardo Medina. "Propuesta de mejora en los niveles de servicio del óvalo José quiñones empleando el software vissim 7.0." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624597.
Texto completoResumen
El crecimiento del área urbana-comercial, el incremento del parque automotor y la falta de dispositivos para el control del flujo vehicular genera que muchas infraestructuras viales colapsen o superen la capacidad para las que fueron diseñadas. Tal es el caso de la intersección vial Óvalo José Quiñones, donde en determinadas horas, a las cuales se denominará “horas punta”, el flujo vehicular se torna pesado, largas colas de espera para llegar a la intersección próxima. Por ello, en este proyecto de tesis se recolectarán datos de la intersección como aforos, distancias entre vehículos, velocidades promedio, etc. Estos parámetros recogidos en campo permitirán realizar un análisis de la situación actual, para determinar el flujo de vehículos, las colas y el tiempo de espera para cruzar esta intersección, con ayuda del software de microsimulación Vissim 7.0. Una vez creado, calibrado y validado el modelo de la situación actual en el software Vissim 7.0 se propondrán opciones de mejora que permitan tener una correcta canalización de los flujos que circulan por la intersección. Finalmente, se escogerá la propuesta que mejore considerablemente el funcionamiento del óvalo y que a su vez pueda ser implementada.<br>The growth of urban and commercial area, the increase of the cars fleet and the lack of devices for controlling the traffic, achieved that many road infrastructure collapse or exceed the capacity for which they were designed. Such is the case of road intersection roundabout Jose Quinones where in some hours, to which we will call "rush hour", traffic flow becomes heavy, long queues to reach the next intersection. Therefore, in this thesis project data will collected from the intersection as a traffic density, distance between vehicles, average speeds, etc. These parameters collected in the field will enable an analysis of the current situation, to determine the flow of traffic, queues and waiting times to cross this intersection using the Vissim 7.0 microsimulation software. Once created, calibrated and validated the model of the current situation in the Vissim 7.0 software enhancement options that enable a correct channeling of flows circulating be proposed by the intersection. Finally, the proposal greatly improve performance of the roundabout and which in turn can be implemented will be chosen.<br>Tesis
33
Fitzthum, Anton. "Simulation of rerouting incentives for improved travel corridor performance." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-91329.
Texto completoResumen
Congestion on the road is identified as a severe threat to nations’ economy. To address this problem, in the past the capacity of existing infrastructure is increased by building new roads. But as history has shown, it is not only an expensive and unsustainable, but also not an efficient way of dealing with this problem. Alternatively, by identifying underutilized links, for example, in the form of parallel routes, the already existing infrastructure can often be used more efficient. This thesis focuses on the development of a framework to simulate re-routing incentives to enable an improved travel corridor performance. Thus, the effects of providing traveler information and tendering mometary incentives on a concidor’s traffic flow are investigated. The aim is to show that by changing the route choice behavior of a certain percentage of the fleet, the overall performance of the existing corridor can be increased. By using the microscopic traffic simulation tool VISSIM in combination with dynamic traffic modeling, numerous scenarios are simulated. By gradually increasing the amount of users who get access to the incentive scheme, the impacts of the penetration get analyzed as well. Based on a network stretch located in California, United States, the simulation model is developed. Using this model, three different scenarios are investigated in detail: a No Incident scenario, a Construction Work scenario and an Accident scenario. Finally, a comprehensive analysis of the simulation results takes place. It mainly focuses on the indicator travel time to discuss the impacts on the corridor performance. Interpreting the achieved simulation results, it can be stated that already small penetration rates have the potential for a significant increase of the corridor performance. To be able to optimize the corridor’s performance, free capacity on detours – especially at bottlenecks like ramps – has to be available. Nevertheless, in case of high penetration rates, straightforward broadcasting of incentives is not an option.
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Kamdar, Vaibhavi Killol. "Evaluating the Transit Signal Priority Impacts along the U.S. 1 Corridor in Northern Verginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30845.
Texto completoResumen
Heavy traffic volumes in peak hours accompanied by closely located signalized intersections and nearside bus stops on U.S. 1, result in congestion and traffic delays that bus transit may be able to alleviate to some extent. The capital investment and operating costs of other transit solutions such as â Bus Rapid Transitâ and â Heavy Rail Transitâ projects were found to be cost prohibitive compared to bus transit signal priority (TSP) options. Successful implementation of a limited TSP pilot project led local authorities to conclude that TSP should be extended to the full length of the Fairfax Connector bus routes on U.S. 1.
This research focused on testing the impacts of a ten second green extension priority strategy for all the northbound transit buses in the morning peak period at twenty-six signalized intersections along U.S. 1. A micro simulation model VISSIM 3.7 was used to analyze the impacts of TSP.
The simulation analysis indicates that the Fairfax Connector buses might benefit from the
green extension strategy. Overall, improvements of up to 4% for transit travel time savings and 5-13% reduction in control delay for transit vehicles were observed. Considering all side street traffic, the total increase in maximum queue length might be up to 1.23%.
Future research possibilities proposed include the evaluation of different priority strategies such as an early green, red truncation and queue jumps. Impacts of using a dedicated lane for transit buses along with TSP can also be evaluated. Conditional transit signal priority may also include bus occupancy levels and bus latenesses.<br>Master of Science
35
Portal, Chavez Edgar Alberto, and Ampa Gian Piere Ruiz. "Evaluación de la calibración vehicular y peatonal simultánea en puntos de conflicto de vías regionales con el software vissim 9." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/651656.
Texto completoResumen
En el presente trabajo de investigación, analizamos la calibración simultánea de vehículos y peatones que interactúan en determinados puntos de conflicto del sistema vial. Para esto, trabajamos en un caso de una avenida regional, donde hay una gran demanda del parque automotor tanto de vehículos ligeros, de transporte público y provincial, así como el de pesados, en la que los peatones prefieren el paso a nivel en relación a un puente peatonal existente en la zona. La información de campo requerida se recopiló para el análisis, como aforo de vehículos, cantidad de peatones que hacen uso o no del puente, tiempos de viaje y distancias. Posteriormente, la información se procesó en el software Vissim 9, en el que se modeló el estudio de caso y se realizó la respectiva calibración simultánea del modelo para su respectiva validación. Para esto, fue necesario iterar los parámetros como el Wiedemann 74 (vehículos), Tau y Lambda (peatones) hasta obtener la representación más cercana a los datos tomados en el campo. Finalmente, los resultados se presentan mediante la validación de la simulación en términos de número de simulaciones, número de carreras, tiempo de viaje y tasa de uso de la carretera, todo ello para que pueda servir de base a futuras simulaciones que reúnan las características de la zona en estudio.<br>In this research, we analyze the simultaneous calibration of vehicles and pedestrians that interact at certain points of conflict in the road system. For this, we work in a case of a regional avenue, where there is a great demand for the automotive fleet of both light vehicles, public and provincial transport, as well as heavy vehicles, in which pedestrians prefer the level crossing in relation to an existing pedestrian bridge in the area. The required field information was collected for the analysis, such as capacity of vehicles, number of pedestrians who use the bridge or not, travel times and distances. Subsequently, the information was processed in the Vissim 9 software, in which the case study was modeled and the respective simultaneous calibration of the model was performed for its respective validation. For this, it was necessary to iterate the parameters such as the Wiedemann 74 (vehicles), Tau and Lambda (pedestrians) until obtaining the closest representation to the data taken in the field. Finally, the results are presented through the validation of the simulation in terms of number of simulations, number of races, travel time and road use rate, all so that it can serve as a basis for future simulations that meet the characteristics of the area under study.<br>Trabajo de investigación
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Maman, Lucas Paim De. "Proposição de um método de codificação de rodovia de pista simples em região montanhosa a partir dos dados do Google Earth no microssimulador VISSIM : estudo de caso da rodovia ERS-115." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/183292.
Texto completoResumen
A malha rodoviária brasileira é constituída predominantemente de rodovias de pista simples e boa parte delas encontra-se em regiões montanhosas. Rodovias de pista simples em regiões montanhosas possuem dificuldades de modelagem, porque as rampas elevadas e os raios de curvatura pequenos possuem impacto significativo no desempenho do tráfego. Adicionalmente, existem poucos estudos de simulação de tráfego de veículos em rodovias de pista simples, sobretudo em regiões montanhosas. Sendo assim, a combinação de rodovias de pista simples com região montanhosa é ainda mais restrita para codificação dessas redes em microssimuladores de tráfego. Dados de geometria de rodovias são comumente obtidos por meio de plataformas como o Google Earth, contudo sua precisão pode ser insuficiente para uma boa representação em regiões montanhosas, devido à influência significativa dos perfis planialtimétricos no desempenho do tráfego em rodovias de pistas simples. O presente trabalho desenvolveu uma metodologia para a codificação de rodovias de pista simples em região montanhosa. Esta metodologia foi aplicada em um estudo de simulação de tráfego através do microssimulador de tráfego VISSIM. O trecho de estudo de caso corresponde à 16 km de extensão da ERS-115 entre as cidades de Três Coroas e Gramado na Serra Gaúcha. A partir de dois bancos de dados (Google Earth e levantamento veicular a Laser), foram desenvolvidos três modelos: (i) modelo baseado nos dados originais do Google (Google original), (ii) modelo com perfil altimétrico suavizado (LOESS) e (iii) modelo com perfil planialtimétrico baseado em levantamento de campo a Laser (Laser). A comparação do perfil altimétrico dos três modelos revelou diferenças significativas entre o modelo do Google original em relação aos demais. O perfil altimétrico decorrente dos dados originais do Google Earth apresentou grandes declividades, na prática, incompatíveis com a classe da rodovia. O método proposto de suavização (LOESS) resultou em um modelo bem mais próximo do perfil real da rodovia, representado pelo modelo construído a partir do levantamento a laser. Com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho através da simulação de tráfego nos 3 modelos foram executados 11 cenários de simulação. Os cenários envolveram 2 níveis de demanda: demanda baixa, compatível com condições de fluxo livre e uma demanda representativa das condições típicas de tráfego verificadas no trecho. Em relação à demanda em fluxo livre, veículos nos modelos Laser e LOESS apresentaram velocidades similares ao longo do estaqueamento, enquanto que o modelo Google original revelou diferenças significativas de velocidades. A análise do desempenho do tráfego nos cenários de demanda típica foi baseada nos tempos de viagem. Cenários nesta análise envolveram a segmentação da rodovia em trechos homogêneos e variações na proporção de veículos por sentido (split direcional). A comparação entre os tempos de viagem dos modelos LOESS e Laser resultou em R²=0,99, enquanto que R² obtidos entre os modelos Google original e Laser variaram no intervalo de 0,04 a 0,99. Os resultados obtidos apontam a importância da metodologia desenvolvida pelo presente trabalho na modelagem de rodovias de pista simples, sobretudo em região montanhosa.<br>The Brazilian road network consists predominantly of two-lane highways and great part of them are in mountainous regions. Two-lane highways in mountainous regions have modeling difficulties because high slopes and small bend radii have a significant impact on traffic performance. Additionally, there are few simulation studies of vehicle traffic on two-lane highways, especially in mountainous regions. Thus, the combination of two-lane highways and mountainous region is even more restricted for coding these networks into traffic microsimulators. Road geometry data are commonly obtained through platforms such as Google Earth, but their accuracy may be insufficient for good representation in mountainous regions due to significant influence of planialtimetric profiles on traffic performance on two-lane highways. The present work developed a methodology for the codification of two-lane highways in mountainous region. This methodology was applied in a simulation study of traffic through the VISSIM traffic microsymulator. The case study section corresponds to the 16 km extension of the ERS-115 between the cities of Três Coroas and Gramado in the Serra Gaúcha. From two databases (Google Earth and Laser Vehicle Survey), three models were developed: (i) model based on original Google data (Google original), (ii) model with smoothed altimetric profile (LOESS) and (iii) model with planialtimetric profile based on laser field survey (Laser). The comparison of altimetric profiles of the three models revealed significant differences between the Google original model in relation to the others. The altimetric profile derived from the original data of Google Earth presented great slopes, in practice, incompatible with the highway class. The proposed smoothing method (LOESS) resulted in a model that is closer to the actual road profile, represented by the model constructed from the laser survey. In order to evaluate the performance through the simulation of traffic in the three models, 11 simulation scenarios were executed. The scenarios involved two levels of demand: low demand, compatible with free flow conditions and a representative demand of the typical traffic conditions verified in the road segment. Regarding the free-flow demand, vehicles in Laser and LOESS models presented similar speeds along the road, while the Google original model revealed significant differences in speeds. The analysis of traffic performance in typical demand scenarios was based on travel times. Scenarios in this analysis involved the segmentation of the highway in homogeneous segments and variations in the proportion of vehicles by direction (directional split). The comparison of travel times of the LOESS and Laser models resulted in R² = 0.99, while R² obtained between the Google original and Laser models varied in the range of 0.04 to 0.99. The results obtained point out the importance of the methodology developed by the present work in the modeling of two-lane highways, especially in the mountainous region.
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Salazar, Solano César Joao. "Análisis por micro simulación de la intersección entre la Av. Brasil y el Jr. General Borgoño empleando VISSIM 8"." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/12617.
Texto completoResumen
La congestión vehicular es un problema considerable en Lima en los últimos años, esto se debe al crecimiento demográfico continuo, el centralismo financiero, la escasa planificación urbanística y el crecimiento sostenido del parque automotor. La realización del presente proyecto se centra en una intersección ubicada en el distrito de Jesús María, y para ello, al tratarse del análisis de los desplazamientos de todos los modos de transporte, se utilizará un modelo microscópico. Se empleará el software VISSIM y VISWALK 8.0, con la finalidad de crear un modelo de microsimulación el cual pueda representar eficientemente la realidad, y así obtener indicadores de mejora en la intersección como la reducción en el tiempo de viaje peatonal y vehicular, longitudes de cola vehiculares, etc. El presente proyecto de ingeniería consta de una serie de pasos descritos a continuación: alcance del proyecto, donde se define el propósito y se identifica la zona a desarrollarse. En esta etapa se consigue una descripción clara de las necesidades del proyecto que se deberán considerar en la recolección y procesamiento de datos. A continuación, se obtendrán los datos de entrada tales como la geometría de la intersección, las demandas existentes, las señales de control y los datos de calibración y validación como los tiempos de viaje peatonales y vehiculares, longitudes de cola, etc. A partir de la obtención de estos datos se prosigue al desarrollo del modelo base para que posteriormente se verifique la existencia de errores. Luego se sigue con la calibración, donde los parámetros individuales del modelo de simulación son ajustados de manera que este pueda ser preciso y represente las condiciones de tráfico en la zona del proyecto para luego ser validado a partir de los datos de campo que no se utilizaron en el proceso, de esta manera se procederá al análisis de alternativas y soluciones a través de tres medidas de efectividad como la velocidad, la demora y las longitudes de cola. En el proyecto se plantearon dos alternativas de mejora, la primera consiste en un rediseño geométrico, mientras que la segunda se basa en un cambio del ciclo semafórico. Al aplicar ambas alternativas en conjunto se logró un incremento en la velocidad vehicular promedio de 30%, mientras que la demora promedio desciende de 29.4 a 17.8 segundos, es decir, una reducción del 65%. Además se acortó la mayor longitud de cola vehicular que presentaba la intersección en la av. República Dominicana de 28 a 15 metros. Finalmente, en base a los resultados obtenidos se puede concluir que aplicando un adecuado análisis de los resultados obtenidos a través del software Vissim 8.0, es posible rediseñar la intersección e incrementar los parámetros de eficiencia para el beneficio de todos los usuarios que la recorren diariamente.<br>Tesis
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Brachmi, Rhizlane. "Congestion Mitigation Strategy:Modeling the Effect of Different Geometric Configurations of a Two-Lane On-Ramp on Capacity Using VISSIM." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1560189783503486.
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Tydlacka, Jonathan Michael. "A microsimulation analysis of highway intersections near highway-railroad grade crossings." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1040.
Texto completoResumen
The purpose of this thesis was to perform microsimulation analyses on intersections near Highway-Railroad Grade Crossings (HRGCs) to determine if controlling mean train speed and train speed variability would improve safety and reduce delays. This research focused on three specific areas. First, average vehicle delay was examined, and this delay was compared for seven specific train speed distributions, including existing conditions. Furthermore, each distribution was associated with train detectors that were placed at the distance the fastest train could travel during the given warning time. Second, pedestrian cutoffs were investigated. These cutoffs represented an occasion when the pedestrian phases were truncated or shortened due to railroad signal preemption. Finally, vehicle emissions were analyzed using a modal emissions model. A microscopic simulation model of the Wellborn Corridor in College Station, Texas was created using VISSIM. The model was run twenty times in each train speed distribution for each of three train lengths. Average vehicle delay was collected for three intersections, and delays were compared using the Pooled t-test with a 95% confidence interval. Comparisons were made between the distributions, and generally, distributions with higher mean train speeds were associated with lower average delay, and train length was not a significant factor. Unfortunately, pedestrian cutoffs were not specifically controlled in this project; therefore, no statistical conclusions can be made with respect to the pedestrian cutoff problem. However, example cases were devised to demonstrate how these cutoffs could be avoided. In addition, vehicle emissions were examined using the vehicle data from VISSIM as inputs for CMEM (Comprehensive Modal Emissions Model). For individual vehicles, as power (defined as the product of velocity and acceleration) increased, emissions increased. When comparing emissions from different train speed distributions, few significant differences were found. However, a scenario with no train was tested, and it was shown to have significantly higher emissions than three of the distributions with trains. Ultimately, this thesis shows that average vehicle delay and vehicle emissions could be lowered by specific train speed distributions. Also, work could be done to investigate the pedestrian cutoff problem.
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Taylor, Stephen Luke. "Analyzing methods of mitigating initialization bias in transportation simulation models." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37208.
Texto completoResumen
All computer simulation models require some form of initialization before their outputs can be considered meaningful. Simulation models are typically initialized in a particular, often "empty" state and therefore must be "warmed-up" for an unknown amount of simulation time before reaching a "quasi-steady-state" representative of the systems' performance. The portion of the output series that is influenced by the arbitrary initialization is referred to as the initial transient and is a widely recognized problem in simulation analysis. Although several methods exist for removing the initial transient, there are no methods that perform well in all applications.
This research evaluates the effectiveness of several techniques for reducing initialization bias from simulations using the commercial transportation simulation model VISSIM®. The three methods ultimately selected for evaluation are Welch's Method, the Marginal Standard Error Rule (MSER) and the Volume Balancing Method currently being used by the CORSIM model. Three model instances - a single intersection, a corridor, and a large network - were created to analyze the length of the initial transient for varying scenarios, under high and low demand scenarios.
After presenting the results of each initialization method, advantages and criticisms of each are discussed as well as issues that arose during the implementation. The results for estimation of the extent of the initial transient are compared across each method and across the varying model sizes and volume levels. Based on the results of this study, Welch's Method is recommended based on is consistency and ease of implementation.
41
Flores, Unzaga Yasmin Guadalupe. "Micro-simulación de la intersección de la avenida Universitaria con la avenida Bolívar utilizando los software VISSIM y VISWALK 8." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/7617.
Texto completoResumen
Los problemas de congestión vehicular y la falta de inclusión de los peatones en el sistema de tránsito son alarmantes. Para solucionar la problemática se ha venido analizando la situación de manera tradicional mediante modelos determinísticos que solo se enfocan en los vehículos. En la actualidad, se han desarrollado nuevos modelos como el de micro simulación que busca analizar todos los aspectos que implican la gestión del tránsito. En el presente estudio se evaluará el diseño actual de la intersección de la Avenida Universitaria con la Avenida Simón Bolívar mediante un modelo de micro simulación. Teniendo como finalidad realizar un análisis peatonal y vehicular mediante los software VISWALK y VISSIM 8.0, para luego presentar una propuesta de rediseño. El trabajo se inició mediante la revisión de la literatura relacionada, para explicar temas de diseño de intersecciones, modelos de tráfico, fundamentos de la micro simulación vehicular y peatonal, entre otros. Luego se desarrolló la metodología para crear un modelo de micro simulación que inicia con el alcance del proyecto, para luego poder realizar la toma de datos de campo necesarios como los son el aforo vehicular y peatonal, velocidades de vehículos y peatones, tiempos de viaje, ciclo del semáforo, entre otros. La toma de datos se realizó en dos oportunidades una para la calibración y otra para la validación. Seguido a la toma de datos de campo, se desarrolló el modelo de micro simulación del diseño actual tanto para peatones como para vehículos, explicando de manera detallada cómo se creó el modelo para utilidad de quienes deseen crear un modelo en VISSIM o VISWALW. Luego, se realizó la calibración peatonal y vehicular, para que el modelo reflejara el entorno estudiado, concluyendo esta etapa con la validación del modelo. Los resultados que se obtuvieron del diseño actual fueron los parámetros de eficiencia, los cuales fueron analizados estadísticamente (hipótesis nula) y se pudo ver cuáles eran los problemas de la intersección, lo que sirvió para presentar una propuesta de rediseño. La propuesta presentada en el estudio fue basada en el peatón, para lograr que sea una intersección inclusiva, ya que colinda con una universidad, por lo que existe gran flujo peatonal durante el día. Sin embargo, no se dejó de lado los vehículos, por lo que también se presenta propuestas de mejora vehicular, lo que se vio reflejado en los resultados de los parámetros de eficiencia obtenidos de la propuesta de rediseño, luego de ser evaluados estadísticamente. Para concluir el trabajo, se comparó los resultados del diseño actual con los de la propuesta de rediseño para verificar si las mejoras eran significativas.<br>Tesis
42
Alcalá, Ramos Moisés Agustín. "Micro simulación del tráfico de la intersección de las avenidas Bolívar, Córdova y calle Andalucía empleando el software VISSIM 6." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/6685.
Texto completoResumen
El presente proyecto de ingeniería se centra en el estudio de una intersección ubicada en
el distrito de Pueblo libre con el objetivo de evaluar las condiciones de los usuarios
dentro de ella mediante un modelo microscópico del sistema (intersección) y presentar
propuestas de mejoras a la situación inicial. Este análisis fue realizado a través del
programa computacional Vissim 6.0. La construcción de este modelo constó de 5 etapas:
recolección de datos de campo, tanto para la etapa de la calibración como para la
validación del modelo (flujo vehicular, flujo peatonal, geometría, etc.); procesamiento
de datos (información útil de los datos de campo que sirven como datos de entrada en el
software Vissim 6.0); la construcción del modelo microscópico ; calibración del modelo
(ajustes de valores numéricos entre la realidad y el modelo construido en Vissim) y
validación de este (evaluación del modelo microscópico construido ante nuevos datos
de campo). El análisis de las condiciones de circulación de la intersección fue mediante
la evaluación de los parámetros de eficiencias más resaltantes que ofrece el software
Vissim 6.0 tales como las longitudes de colas, la velocidad promedio y la demora
promedio. La primera propuesta fue básicamente optimizar el ciclo del semáforo,
mientras que para la segunda propuesta se realizó una redistribución vehicular y
optimizar el ciclo del semáforo. Los nuevos resultados obtenidos en las propuestas de
mejoras fueron verificados mediante estudios estadísticos (hipótesis nula) con el fin de
saber que estos fueron realmente significativos. En base a los resultados obtenidos en
las propuestas de mejoras, se concluye que un correcto estudio del diseño vial (aforo
vehicular, aforo peatonal, ciclo de semáforos, etc.) puede evitar potenciales rediseños y
congestionamiento dentro de ello. Finalmente, el software Vissim 6.0 logró replicar la
situación real y poder analizar los diseños previos que se realizaron vía virtual y poder
saber las ventajas y desventajas que se habrían podido presentar en una construcción in
situ.<br>Tesis
43
Wall, Thomas Aubrey. "A federated simulation approach to modeling port and roadway operations." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33928.
Texto completoResumen
This research develops a computer simulation method for federating an Arena© port operations model and a VISSIM© roadway network operations model. The development of this method is inspired by the High Level Architecture (HLA) standard for federating simulations, and incorporates several elements of the HLA principles into its design. The federated simulation model is then tested using a time-lag experiment to demonstrate the presence of feedback loops between federated model components wherein changes to input parameters of one model during runtime can be shown to affect the operational performance of the other model. This experiment also demonstrates how several initial transient phase and steady state operating characteristics of the federated system can be determined from the federation output data.
The results indicate that the method developed in this study is capable of capturing the dynamic interaction of two models in federated simulation. It is shown that feedback loops can exist between two models in federated simulation. Most notably, the federation output shows that increased traffic volume in the roadway network model influences the accumulation of containers in the port terminal queue of the port model. The federation output also shows that increased container volume leaving the port terminal model affects both port and road truck utilization, as well as the total number of port trucks in the roadway network model.
Challenges and future directions for research in federating transportation-related simulations are also presented.
44
Aria, Erfan. "Investigation of automated vehicle effects on drivers behavior and traffic performance." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-126600.
Texto completoResumen
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) offer the possibility of helping drivers to fulfill their driving tasks. Automated vehicles are capable of communicating with surrounding vehicles (V2V) and infrastructure (V2I) in order to collect and provide essential information about driving environment. Studies have proved that automated vehicles have a potential to decrease traffic congestion on road networks by reducing the time headway, enhancing the traffic capacity and improving the safety margins in car following. Furthermore, vehicle movement and drivers behavior of conventional vehicles will be affected by the presence of automated vehicles in traffic networks. Despite different encouraging factors, automated driving raises some concerns such as possible loss of situation awareness, overreliance on automation and degrading driving skills in absence of practice. Moreover, coping with complex scenarios, such as merging at ramps and overtaking, in terms of interaction between automated vehicles and conventional vehicles need more research. This thesis work aims to investigate the effects of automated vehicles on drivers behavior and traffic performance. A broad literature review in the area of driving simulators and psychological studies was performed to examine the automated vehicle effects on drivers behavior. Findings from the literature survey, which has been served as setup values in the simulation study of the current work, reveal that the conventional vehicles, which are driving close to the platoon of automated vehicles with short time headway, tend to reduce their time headway and spend more time under their critical time headway. Additionally, driving highly automated vehicles is tedious in a long run, reduce situation awareness and can intensify driver drowsiness, exclusively in light traffic. In order to investigate the influences of automated vehicles on traffic performance, a microscopic simulation case study consisting of different penetration rates of automated vehicles (0, 50 and 100 percentages) was conducted in VISSIM software. The scenario network is a three-lane autobahn segment of 2.9 kilometers including an off-ramp, on-ramp and a roundabout with some surrounding urban roads. Outputs of the microscopic simulation in this study reveal that the positive effects of automated vehicles on roads are especially highlighted when the network is crowded (e.g. peak hours). This can definitely count as a constructive point for the future of road networks with higher demands. In details, average density of autobahn segment remarkably decreased by 8.09% during p.m. peak hours in scenario with automated vehicles. Besides, Smoother traffic flow with less queue in the weaving segment was observed. Result of the scenario with 50% share of automated vehicles moreover shows a feasible interaction between conventional vehicles and automated vehicles. Meaningful outputs of this case study, based on the input data from literature review, demonstrate the capability of VISSIM software to simulate the presence of automated vehicles in great extent, not only as an automated vehicle scenario but also a share of them, in traffic network. The validity of the output values nonetheless needs future research work on urban and rural roads with different traffic conditions.
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Tang, Edward Chee. "Quantifying the Impact of Truck Only Lanes on Vehicular Emissions on a Limited-Access Highway." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2017. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1743.
Texto completoResumen
This thesis seeks to estimate CO2 emissions on a portion of the U.S. 101 highway in San Luis Obispo County before and after construction of a truck only lane on the Cuesta Grade. Towards that aim, the microsimulation software, VISSIM, was used in conjunction with the Environmental Protection Agency’s emissions model, MOVES. The microsimulation model was calibrated and validated against historical and present traffic volumes obtained from Caltrans with good results using several validation measures. It was found that CO2 emissions did decrease between 1998 and 2012 (pre and post lane addition), but this effect was shown to be different for the northbound (uphill) and southbound (downhill) directions. It was shown that the truck lane in the northbound (uphill) direction had a 9.5% decrease in volume with 10.7% decrease in emissions, and the southbound (downhill) direction had a 20.3% increase in volume but 7.4% decrease in emissions. For the northbound (uphill) direction, emissions seemed to correlate more closely with volumes, while the southbound (downhill) direction was less sensitive to these changes.
46
Feng, Cong. "Projection Algorithm for Improved Corridor Signal Coordination." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1257370852.
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Pedersen, Niklas. "Modellering av miljözoners inverkan på luftkvalitet i centrala Uppsala." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-398314.
Texto completoResumen
In order to improve the air quality in Uppsala, a proposition to introduce one of two new emission zones (EZ), starting in the year 2020, has been proposed. In what is called Environment Zone Class 2 (EZ2), only cars that meet emission class Euro 5 and higher are allowed and in Environment Zone Class 3 (EZ3), only electric, fuel cell and gas vehicles are allowed. The purpose of this thesis is to examine how EZ: s would affect the air quality, regarding nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particles (PMx), within the zone of the city of Uppsala. Using the traffic simulation software PTV Vissim and the emissions modeling software EnViver, four scenarios have been created, two representing today's fleet of vehicles and two examining a modified fleet. Scenario 1 examines an exclusion of all non EZ2 vehicles (Euro 4 and lower) within the zone and scenario 2 examines an EZ2 solely on the road Kungsgatan. Scenario 3 and 4 examine an EZ2 and EZ3 where all cars that do not currently meet the requirements for each EZ are replaced with ones that do. The results indicate that all proposals, except scenario 2, lead to a reduction of NOx and PM2 within the zone. Scenario 1 shows a decrease by 51% for NOx and 57% for PM10, scenario 3 shows a decrease by 17% and 24% respectively and scenario 4 shows a decrease by 66% and 43% respectively. For scenario 2 the emissions show an increase by 10% and 7% each within the zone.
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Meza, Campos Fiorella. "Micro simulación intermodal en la intersección de la Av. General Vivanco con la calle Manuel Ugarteche con el software vissim 8." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/13146.
Texto completoResumen
Con el pasar de los años, tanto especialistas como los mismos peatones se han dado cuenta de la
falta de inclusión peatonal en los diseños de las vías, un claro ejemplo se aprecia en las calles
del centro de Lima donde se prioriza el espacio vehicular, privando de veredas amplias a los
peatones, perjudicando en gran medida a las personas con discapacidad. Por otro lado, en un inicio
se usaron modelos determinísticos pues se creía que estos llevarían a una única solución viable;
sin embargo, en la actualidad se conoce que los modelos estocásticos presentan soluciones más
veraces considerando que atribuye cualidades especificas a cada conductor y peatón.
Ante esta situación se crearon softwares capaces de simular usando estadística y parámetros de
ajuste que llevarán a una simulación más acorde con la realidad. Entre estos está el Vissim, el
cual será el programa con el que se realizará la micro simulación de la intersección de la Av.
General Vivanco con la calle Manuel Ugarteche. Para ello se tuvo que hacer una revisión de
literatura, donde se investigó acerca de los fundamentos de la micro simulación junto a
metodologías para diseñar intersecciones. Posteriormente, para la toma de datos se usaron elementos
como cámaras y contadores manuales con el objetivo de organizar los datos para colocarlos en un
flujograma e ingresarlos al Vissim. Asimismo, este proceso se llevó a cabo durante dos días
distintos, pues se considera necesario realizar una calibración y una validación de datos.
Consecuentemente, una vez ingresados los datos al modelo se obtuvieron los parámetros de eficiencia
para calibración, cuyo valor de demora promedio es 8.54 seg/veh; tiempo detenido es 0.54 seg; y
velocidad de vehículos es 19.5 km/h. Así como también los parámetros del rediseño, cuyo valor de
demora promedio es 7.95 seg/veh, tiempo detenido es 0.46 seg, velocidad de vehículos es 21.80 km/h.
Luego, estos serían comprobados mediante un análisis estadístico haciendo uso del programa
Randomization Test, revelando si los parámetros se encuentran dentro de la zona de rechazo de
manera que se pueda constatar las mejoras en la vía.
Asimismo, este nuevo planteamiento tendrá como finalidad mejorar la calidad de la vía para los
peatones, sobre todo para los más vulnerables como son los niños, personas con discapacidad y
ancianos. De esta manera, esta intersección se volverá
un ejemplo de movilidad sostenible.<br>Tesis
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Casares, Agustín. "Calibración del modelo de seguimiento del software de micro simulación VISSIM en carreteras multicarriles en régimen de flujo libre en Uruguay." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/23397.
Texto completoResumen
Tesis (MCI Mención Transporte)--FCEFN-UNC, 2015<br>Busca determinar la importancia de los parámetros principales de los modelos de seguimientos en los resultados obtenidos por un software de micro simulación en particular, el VISSIM, desarrollado a partir de las investigaciones de la Universidad de Karisruhe, en Alemania, asi como calibrar dichos parámetros a las características locales<br>En el presente trabajo se desarrolla un estudio de calibración del modelo de
seguimiento del software de micro simulación VISSIM en carreteras multicarriles en
régimen de flujo libre en Uruguay.
Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica de los fundamentos de la ingeniería de tránsito, de
forma de comprender en profundidad los fenómenos que son modelados en el
software seleccionado.
Asimismo se realiza un estudio de los fundamentos que utiliza el VISSIM para modelar
el tránsito y como estos se ajustan a la base teórica previamente presentada.
A continuación se realizó una revisión de estudios de calibración en general, y del
software VISSIM en particular. También se hizo una especial lectura de los trabajos de
calibración realizados a nivel regional, en especial en Uruguay, Argentina y Brasil.
Se seleccionaron dos puestos automáticos de conteos de tránsito de la red vial
nacional de Uruguay, con alto flujo de tránsito, esperando ver un rango más amplio de
regímenes de flujo. En ambos puestos fueron caracterizados dos carriles en una
misma dirección, obteniendo velocidades, composiciones, distribución de intervalos y
las relaciones de velocidad-flujo-densidad.
Posteriormente se desarrollaron los modelos de las secciones de carretera que
contenían dichos puestos y se corrieron una serie de simulaciones en busca de ajustar
los parámetros de calibración para lograr los mejores resultados. La principal variable
de calibración utilizada fue la distribución de intervalos, para lo cual se utilizaron las
medidas de ajuste RMSE, MAE y U de Theil.
El modelo de seguimiento seleccionado en el software VISSIM fue el Wiedemann 99,
ya que es el que mejor se ajusta a la conducción en carreteras. Si bien este modelo
contempla 10 parámetros de calibración, de CC0 a CC9, en base a trabajos anteriores
se seleccionaron CC1, CC2, CC4, CC5 y CC7 como parámetros de ajuste principales.
Los resultados obtenidos permitieron concluir que el parámetro CC1 es el principal a la
hora de lograr el ajuste, quedando el CC7 en segundo orden de importancia. En base
a dichos resultados se descartaron los parámetros CC2, CC4 y CC5.
Los valores obtenidos para estos parámetros (0,5 a 0,7 s para CC1 y 0,15 a 0,20 m/s2
para CC7) indican una conducción más agresiva de los conductores en relación a los
valores por defecto, con menores distancias de separación, lo que a su vez deriva en
mayores capacidades. Estos resultados están en línea con los trabajos anteriores.
Finalmente se destaca que no se llegó a un único valor de ajuste para los cuatro
carriles estudiados, lo que sugiere una dependencia de estos parámetros de otras
variables además de la idiosincrasia local de los conductores. Posiblemente la
velocidad promedio de circulación y la composición del tránsito tengan influencia.
También debe considerarse la existencia de un efecto combinado entre el modelo de
seguimiento y el modelo de cambio de carril, lo cual puede ser una línea de
investigación para futuros trabajos<br>In this work is developed a calibration of the VISSIM micro simulation car following
model in multilane highways in free flow condition in Uruguay.
A bibliography review of the traffic flow fundamentals is made, in order to deeply
understand the phenomena modelled in the selected software.
Additionally, a study of the fundamentals used by VISSIM to model the traffic and how
these are adjusted to the theoretical base previously presented is made.
After this, a general revision of calibration studies and in particular of VISSIM software
was made. A special review of calibration works was also made, at regional level,
especially in Uruguay, Argentina and Brazil.
Two automatic traffic count station of the Uruguayan national vial network were
selected, with high flow rate, hoping to see a wide range of flow conditions. In both
stations, two lanes in the same direction were characterized, obtaining speeds, traffic
compositions, interval distributions and speed-flow-density relations.
After these, models of the highways sections that contained those stations were
developed and a series of simulations were run in the search to adjust the calibration
parameters in order to obtain the best results. The main calibration variable used was
interval distributions, for which adjustments measures RMSE, MAE and U of Theil were
used.
The following model selected in the VISSIM software was Wiedemann 99, because it is
the one with a better adjustment to highways driving. Although this model takes into
account 10 calibration parameters, from CC0 to CC9, taking into account previous
researches CC1, CC2, CC4, CC5 and CC7 were selected as the main parameters of
calibration.
The results obtained allowed to conclude that the CC1 parameter is the main one when
trying to obtain an adjustment, remaining CC7 in second order of importance. Taking
these results into account, CC2, CC4 and CC5 parameters were disregarded.
The values obtained for this parameters (0,5 to 0,7 s for CC1 and 0,15 to 0,20 m/s2 for
CC7) indicate a more aggressive driving behavior in relation to the default values, with
shorter separation distances, which in turns leads to higher capacities. These results
are aligned with previous works.
Finally, it is remarked that it was not possible to reach a unique value for the four
studied lanes, which suggests a dependence of these parameters with other variables
besides local idiosyncrasy of drivers. Possibly, the average circulation speed and traffic
composition have a direct influence. Also, the existence of a combined effect between
the car following model and the lane change model should be considered, which can
be an investigation line for future works.<br>Fil: Casares, Agustín. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina.
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Wang, Chen. "A NEW SIMULATION-BASED CONFLICT INDICATOR AS A SURROGATE MEASURE OF SAFETY." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ce_etds/3.
Texto completoResumen
Traffic safety is one of the most essential aspects of transportation engineering. However, most crash prediction models are statistically-based prediction methods, which require significant efforts in crash data collection and may not be applied in particular traffic environments due to the limitation of data sources. Traditional traffic conflict studies are mostly field-based studies depending on manual counting, which is also labor-intensive and oftentimes inaccurate. Nowadays, simulation tools are widely utilized in traffic conflict studies. However, there is not a surrogate indicator that is widely accepted in conflict studies.
The primary objective of this research is to develop such a reliable surrogate measure for simulation-based conflict studies. An indicator named Aggregated Crash Propensity Index (ACPI) is proposed to address this void. A Probabilistic model named Crash Propensity Model (CPM) is developed to determine the crash probability of simulated conflicts by introducing probability density functions of reaction time and maximum braking rates. The CPM is able to generate the ACPI for three different conflict types: crossing, rear-end and lane change. A series of comparative and field-based analysis efforts are undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed metric. Intersections are simulated with the VISSIM micro simulation and the output is processed through SSAM to extract useful conflict data to be used as the entry into CPM model. In the comparative analysis, three studies are conducted to evaluate the safety effect of specific changes in intersection geometry and operations. The comparisons utilize the existing Highway Safety Manual (HSM) processes to determine whether ACPI can identify the same trends as those observed in the HSM. The ACPI outperforms time-to-collision-based indicators and tracks the values suggested by the HSM in terms of identifying the relative safety among various scenarios. In field-based analysis, the Spearman’s rank tests indicate that ACPI is able to identify the relative safety among traffic facilities/treatments. Moreover, ACPI-based prediction models are well fitted, suggesting its potential to be directly link to real crash. All efforts indicate that ACPI is a promising surrogate measure of safety for simulation-based studies.