Tesis sobre el tema "W3"

Ce mémoire d'HDR (Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches) représente une synthèse de mes activités d'enseignement et de mes travaux de recherche. Mon parcours de recherche a été centré sur les acides gras polyinsaturés de la famille oméga-3, notamment l'acide docosahexaénoïque (DHA), un nutriment bioactif indispensable au développement du système nerveux central et à la fonction rétinienne. Mon intérêt pour cette molécule fondamentale m'a amenée au cours de ces années à réaliser des recherches allant de la biosynthèse du DHA à partir de son précurseur (l'acide alpha-linolénique), à son ciblage spécifique au niveau de la sphère cérébro-vasculaire en passant par son métabolisme (peroxydation lipidique et métabolisme oxygéné).

The thesis goes on to extend the work of Bretherton (2003) and Moore et al. (2007) on the W3 Giant Molecular Cloud, by performing NH3 follow up of a sample of the cores discovered in the 850um SCUBA map and observing the whole cloud in 13CO(J=1-0) and C18O(J=1-0). - The NH3(1,1) and NH3(2,2) observations of the SCUBA cores used the fact that NH3 only traces the densest regions of the cloud, and hence can be used to find the temperature and kinematics of the cores themselves. This was used to test if the individual cores were virially bound, and from this find if cores in the more densely star-forming region of the cloud (High-Density Layer, HDL) were more likely to be bound than those in the Low-Density Layer (LDL). There are a mixture of virially bound and unbound cores in both the HDL and the LDL but no statistical difference in ratio of these between the two regions. This has an important bearing on models of environmentally-dependent star-formation, which divide into two categories; those, such as Collect and Collapse (Dale et al., 2007), which state that external pressures create dense structure, and those such as Radiatively- Driven Instability (RD I) (Bertoldi, 1989), which state that those external pressures cause dense structure to collapse. The evidence from this thesis favours models in which dense structure is created according to the Collect and Collapse scenario.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Departamento de Sociologia, 2016.
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A partir do conceito de dispositivo, desenvolvido por Michel Foucault, proponho a construção de um dispositivo para a prostituição feminina da avenida W3 norte, em Brasília/DF. Assim, analiso, por meio do conceito de representações sociais, de Serge Moscovici, a constante interação das narrativas morais, religiosas, médicas, jurídicas e sociológicas acerca da prostituição feminina com diversos elementos relacionados ao espaço da avenida W3 norte, captados por meio de observação flutuante. Dessa forma, abordei as questões arquitetônicas e a apropriação do espaço pela prostituição feminina na avenida W3 norte; índices de criminalidade relacionada a esta atividade, entre os anos de 2010 a 2015, através da análise de ocorrências policiais registradas na Polícia Civil do Distrito Federal; entrevistas semiestruturadas com prostitutas, policiais militares e policiais civis que atuam na região, além de clientes do serviço. Ademais, considerei também a discussão da prostituição no campo feminista acadêmico e sua interação com os elementos coletados. Ao final, diante de todos esses elementos heterogêneos foi possível indicar traços para um dispositivo da prostituição feminina da avenida W3 norte, caracterizado pelo intenso tráfego de veículos, pela separação espacial das atividades, pela cristalização de velhas representações sociais morais, religiosas, médicas, jurídicas e sociais sobre a prostituição feminina, pela objetivação das relações pessoais, discrição, praticidade e agilidade da atividade. Ademais, foi possível também constatar que a criminalidade associada à prostituição na W3 norte é pouco significante quando comparada aos registros totais de ocorrências policiais na área, o que demostra certa desproporcionalidade da rejeição social à atividade. Contudo, também identifiquei, em razão das características da prostituição no local, uma grande subnotificação de eventuais condutas criminosas relacionadas à atividade, principalmente quando as vítimas são as próprias prostitutas.A partir do conceito de dispositivo, desenvolvido por Michel Foucault, proponho a construção de um dispositivo para a prostituição feminina da avenida W3 norte, em Brasília/DF. Assim, analiso, por meio do conceito de representações sociais, de Serge Moscovici, a constante interação das narrativas morais, religiosas, médicas, jurídicas e sociológicas acerca da prostituição feminina com diversos elementos relacionados ao espaço da avenida W3 norte, captados por meio de observação flutuante. Dessa forma, abordei as questões arquitetônicas e a apropriação do espaço pela prostituição feminina na avenida W3 norte; índices de criminalidade relacionada a esta atividade, entre os anos de 2010 a 2015, através da análise de ocorrências policiais registradas na Polícia Civil do Distrito Federal; entrevistas semiestruturadas com prostitutas, policiais militares e policiais civis que atuam na região, além de clientes do serviço. Ademais, considerei também a discussão da prostituição no campo feminista acadêmico e sua interação com os elementos coletados. Ao final, diante de todos esses elementos heterogêneos foi possível indicar traços para um dispositivo da prostituição feminina da avenida W3 norte, caracterizado pelo intenso tráfego de veículos, pela separação espacial das atividades, pela cristalização de velhas representações sociais morais, religiosas, médicas, jurídicas e sociais sobre a prostituição feminina, pela objetivação das relações pessoais, discrição, praticidade e agilidade da atividade. Ademais, foi possível também constatar que a criminalidade associada à prostituição na W3 norte é pouco significante quando comparada aos registros totais de ocorrências policiais na área, o que demostra certa desproporcionalidade da rejeição social à atividade. Contudo, também identifiquei, em razão das características da prostituição no local, uma grande subnotificação de eventuais condutas criminosas relacionadas à atividade, principalmente quando as vítimas são as próprias prostitutas.
Based on the concept of a dispositiv, developed by Michel Foucault, I propose the construction of a dispositiv for female prostitution on the north W3 Avenue, in Brasília/DF. Thus, I analyze, through the concept of social representations, by Serge Moscovici, the constant interaction of moral, religious, medical, juridical and sociological narratives about female prostitution with various elements related to the space of the north W3 avenue, captured through floating observation. Thus, I dealt with architectural issues and appropriation of space for female prostitution on the north W3 Avenue; Crime rates related to this activity, between the years 2010 to 2015, through the analysis of police occurrences recorded in the Civil Police of the Federal District; Semi-structured interviews with prostitutes, military policemen and civilian policemen who work in the region, as well as clients of the service. In addition, I also considered the discussion of prostitution in the academic feminist field and its interaction with the collected elements. In the end, in front of all these heterogeneous elements, it was possible to indicate traces of a feminine prostitution dispositiv of the north W3 avenue, characterized by intense vehicular traffic, spatial separation of activities, crystallization of old moral, religious, medical, legal, and social representations about female prostitution, through the objectification of personal relationships, discretion, practicality and agility of the activity. In addition, it was also possible to verify that the crime associated with prostitution in the north W3 is insignificant when compared to the total records of police occurrences in the area, which demonstrates a certain disproportionality of the social rejection to the activity. However, I have also identified, due to the characteristics of prostitution on the spot, a great underreporting of possible criminal conduct related to the activity, especially when the victims are the prostitutes themselves.
A partir del concepto de dispositivo, desarrollado por Michel Foucault, propongo la construcción de un dispositivo para la prostitución femenina de la avenida W3 Norte, en Brasília/DF. Así, analizo, por medio del concepto de representaciones sociales, de Serge Moscovici, la constante interacción de las narrativas morales, religiosas, médicas, jurídicas y sociológicas acerca de la prostitución femenina con diversos elementos relacionados al espacio de la avenida W3 Norte, captados por medio de la observación fluctuante. De esa forma, abordaré cuestiones arquitectónicas y la apropiación del espacio por la prostitución femenina en la avenida W3 Norte, índices de criminalidad relacionados a esta actividad, entre los años 2010 y 2015, a través del análisis de ocurrencias policiales registradas en la Policía Civil del Distrito Federal; entrevistas semi-estructuradas con prostitutas, policías militares y policías civiles que actúan en la región, además de clientes del servicio. Consideré también la discusión de la prostitución en el campo académico feminista y su interacción con los elementos recolectados. Al final, frente a todos estos elementos heterogéneos fue posible indicar trazos para un dispositivo de la prostitución femenina de la avenida W3 Norte, caracterizado por el intenso tráfico de vehículos, por la separación espacial de las actividades, por la cristalización de viejas representaciones sociales, morales, religiosas, médicas, jurídicas y sociales sobre la prostitución femenina, por la objetivación de las relaciones personales, discreción, practicidad y agilidad de la actividad. Además fue posible también constatar que la criminalidad asociada a la prostitución en la W3 Norte es poco significante comparada con los registros totales de ocurrencias policiales en el área, lo que demuestra cierta desproporcionalidad del rechazo social a la actividad. Con todo, también identifiqué, en razón de las características de la prostitución en este local, una grande subnotificación de eventuales conductas criminosas relacionadas a la actividad, principalmente cuando las víctimas son las propias prostitutas.
Partant du concept de dispositif, développé par Michel Foucault, je propose ici la construction d'une analyse utilisant ce concept appliqué à la prostitution féminine sur l'avenue W3 Nord, à Brasília, Distrito Federal. J'analyse par le biais du concept de représentation sociale de Serge Moscovci l'interaction constante des narratifs moraux, religieux, médicaux, juridiques et sociologiques autour de la prostitution féminine avec divers éléments liés à l'espace de l'avenue W3 Nord. J'utilise une observation flottante pour la collecte des données. J'aborde les questions architecturales et l'appropriation de l'espace par la prostitution féminine sur l'avenue W3 Nord; les taux de criminalité liés à cette activité entre 2010 et 2015, grâce à une analyse des rapports de police remplis auprès de la Police civile (ocorrências policiais, en portugais) Civil du Distrito Federal; des entretiens semi-structurés avec des prostituées, des agents de police militaires et civils qui travaillent dans cette région, ainsi que des clients desservis. De plus, j'ai aussi pris en compte la discussion de la prostitution dans le milieu académique féministe et son interaction avec les éléments collectés. Ainsi, face à tous ces éléments hétérogènes il m'est possible de brosser le tableau d'un dispositif de la prostitution féminine sur l'avenue W3 Nord, marqué par une circulation intense de véhicules, la séparation spatiale des activités, la cristallisation de vieilles représentations morales, religieuses, médicales, juridiques et sociales sur la prostitution féminine, par l'objectivation des relations personnelles, la discrétion, la praticité et la rapidité de l'activité. Par ailleurs je constate aussi que la criminalité associée à la prostitution sur la W3 Nord est peu significative quand comparée au nombre total des rapports policiers remplis dans la région. Ceci démontre une certaine disproportion du mépris social vis-à-vis l'activité en question. Cependant, j'ai pu également identifier, en raison des caractéristiques de la prostitution sur place, une importante sous-estimation d'éventuelles conduites criminelles liées à l'activité, surtout lorsque les victimes en question sont les prostituées elles-mêmes.

As part of the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) Surveys KSP, targeted observations of H II regions close to high mass star-forming regions in the Galactic plane have been conducted, as part of the telescope’s commissioning. This thesis details the calibration and analysis of one particular commissioning field, the prominent Galactic star-forming W3/W4/W5 complex and 2 supernova remnants (SNRs) HB3 and 3C 58, at unprecedented low radio frequencies ~ 30–76 MHz (§ 1). This part of the radio spectrum contains large-scale filaments, arcs, bubbles and shells which would be interesting to detail in new parameter space, both spatially and spectrally. A LOFAR calibration pipeline was developed as part of this work (§ 3) resulting in unique continuum maps ~10 deg² that detail extended diffuse emission of W3/W4/W5 at unprecedented sensitivity and angular resolution at low frequencies. Our final full bandwidth image (at ~ 53.5 MHz) reaches a final resolution of between ~ 62–85" and noise level of 4.78 mJy/beam, making it the deepest image obtained in this frequency range. Spectral index maps (§ 4) made from 35.2 MHz, 54.7 MHz and 69.9 MHz continuum images give strong evidence of radio emission by thermal Bremsstrahlung with some localised regions demonstrating free-free self-absorption (§ 2), although we suspect a complete turnover of the H II regions outside of our observed range < 30 MHz. We obtain a spectral index of ɑ ~ -0.03±0.02 for 3C 58 and observe a possible plateau in the emission of HB3 near ~ 55 MHz. High spectral resolution data was also analysed for the possibility of a carbon RRL detection in absorption < 100 MHz in the direction of W3 (§ 5). An initial all-sky image was also made during the commissioning of the Chilbolton LOFAR single station (§ 3); the wide FoV gave an overview of the large-scale diffuse Galactic synchrotron emissivity with the intention of measuring the spectral index < 100 MHz. High mass star formation is an important area of research in modern astrophysics and triggers of this process along with many of the aspects of early stellar evolution including the onset of maser emission being poorly understood. Stars form out of large gas and dust clouds, detected through: (i) thermal dust continuum emission and (ii) line emission of organic molecules traced through masers. Hence, ancillary observations of W3 were made using the Onsala 20m radio viii telescope for maser source detection and a point source catalogue of ~ 1300 sources at far-IR wavelengths of predominantly cold proto-stars was made from the newest AKARI maps (§ 6). Finally, in addition to the Galactic diffuse radio emission, ~ 300 extragalactic point sources were captured in the background of the FoV with LOFAR. Their extracted fluxes were catalogued and over ~ 50 % provided a rich sample of spectral index information to constrain turnover of synchrotron < 100 MHz. We observed strong and moderate SED flattening attributed to free-free absorption processes at the source for ~ 3.2 % and ~ 19.1 % of sources respectively which is consistent with Rafferty et al. (2013).

In this thesis I investigate the implications, for one's account of mathematics, of holding an anti-realist view. The primary aim is to appraise the scope of revision imposed by anti-realism on classical inferential practice in mathematics. That appraisal has consequences both for our understanding of the nature of mathematics and for our attitude towards anti-realism itself. If an anti-realist position seems inevitably to be absurdly revisionary then we have grounds for suspecting the coherence of arguments canvassed in favour of anti-realism. I attempt to defend the anti-realist position by arguing, i) that it is not internally incoherent for anti-realism to be a potentially revisionary position, and ii) that an anti-realist position can, plausibly, be seen to result in a stable intuitionistic position with regard to the logic it condones. The use of impredicative methods in classical mathematics is a site of traditional intuitionistic attacks. I undertake an examination of what the anti-realist attitude towards such methods should be. This question is of interest both because such methods are deeply implicated in classical mathematical theory of analysis and because intuitionistic semantic theories make use of impredicative methods. I attempt to construct the outlines of a set theory which is anti-realistically acceptable but which, although having no antecedent repugnance for impredicative methods as such, appears to be too weak to offer an anti-realistic vindication of impredicative methods in general. I attempt to exonerate intuitionistic semantic theories in their use of impredicative methods by showing that a partial order relying on the nature of our grasp of the intuitionistic meaning stipulations for the logical constants precludes a possible circularity.

One of the key questions in the field of star formation is the role of stellar feedback on the subsequent star formation process. The W3 giant molecular cloud complex at the western border of the W4 super bubble is thought to be influenced by the massive stars in W4. This paper presents a study of the star formation activity within AFGL. 333, a similar to 104 M-circle dot cloud within W3, using deep JHK(s) photometry obtained from the NOAO Extremely Wide Field Infrared Imager combined with Spitzer IRAC and MIPS photometry. Based on the infrared excess, we identify 812 candidate young stellar objects (YSOs) in the complex, of which 99 are Class I and 713 are Class II sources. The stellar density analysis of YSOs reveals three major stellar aggregates within AFGL. 333, namely AFGL. 333 Main, AFGL. 333 NW1 and AFGL. 333 NW2. The disk fraction within AFGL. 333 is estimated to be similar to 50%-60%. We use the extinction map made from the H - K-s colors of the background stars and CO data to understand the cloud structure and to estimate the cloud mass. From the stellar and cloud mass associated with AFGL. 333, we infer that the region is currently forming stars with an efficiency of similar to 4.5% and at a rate of similar to 2-3M(circle dot) Myr(-1) pc(-2). In general, the star formation activity within AFGL. 333 is comparable to that of nearby low mass star-forming regions. We do not find any strong evidence to suggest that the stellar feedback from the massive stars of nearby W4 super bubble has affected the global star formation properties of the AFGL. 333 region.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
O comportamento da corrosÃo e as propriedades mecÃnicas de revestimentos de Ni-Mo e Ni-W em soluÃÃes de NaCl foram investigados neste trabalho, sendo feito um estudo comparativo com as propriedades do revestimento de cromo industrial. Todas as camadas foram obtidas sob controle galvanostÃtico em temperatura ambiente e foram avaliadas em termos de composiÃÃo quÃmica, microestrutura, icrodureza, cristalinidade e resistÃncia à corrosÃo. A morfologia superficial foi caracterizada por microscopia de varredura eletrÃnica (MEV), a composiÃÃo quÃmica foi determinada por energia dispersiva de raios X (EDX), a microdureza foi medida pelo teste de dureza de Vickers e a estrutura cristalina foi determinada por difraÃÃo de raios X (DRX). Os testes eletroquÃmicos de corrosÃo foram realizados por polarizaÃÃo potenciodinÃmica linear (PP) e pela espectroscopia de impedÃncia eletroquÃmica (EIE). Os resultados mostraram que os revestimentos de Ni-Mo e Ni-W apresentam boa resistÃncia à corrosÃo quando comparados com os revestimentos de Cr, sendo os melhores Ni-13Mo e Ni-14W. As camadas foram homogÃneas, com nÃdulos distribuÃdos na superfÃcie e a presenÃa de trincas para as camadas Ni-17Mo e Ni-25Mo. Os revestimentos apresentam uma estrutura cristalina do tipo cÃbica de face centrada com a formaÃÃo de uma soluÃÃo sÃlida. A microdureza aumentou com o percentual de Mo e W na camada e com o tratamento tÃrmico a dureza das ligas aumentaram, enquanto as camadas de Cr diminuÃram sua dureza com o tratamento tÃrmico.
The corrosion behavior and mechanical properties of Ni-Mo and Ni-W electrocoatings in NaCl solutions are investigated in this work. A comparative study has been done with the properties of Cr. All electrocoatings were obtained under galvanostatic control at room temperature and were evaluated in terms of composition, microstructure, microhardness, cristalinity and corrosion resistance. The surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the chemical composition was determined by energy dispersive X-rays (EDX), the microhardness was measured by the Vickers hardness test and the structure was determined by X-ray diffraction (DRX). The electrochemical corrosion tests were carried out by linear potenciodinamic polarization (PP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that Ni-Mo and Ni-W present good corrosion resistance when compared with Cr coatings, and the best were Ni-13Mo and Ni-14W. The layerâs micrographs present homogeneous layers with nodules distributed in the surface and cracks can be observed to Ni-17Mo and Ni-25Mo. Ni-Mo and Ni-W coatings are crystalline exhibiting a face-centred-cubic structure in the solid solution. The microhardness increased with the Mo or W percentage and heat treatments increased the hardness of the coatings, while Cr decreased its hardness with heat treatment.

Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - UL
Lately the consumers have been more concerned with their health and well-being, and consequently, with their diet. Trends for the consumption of fishery products had increased, and as a result, aquaculture has become increasingly more important in this context. The meagre (Argyrosomus regius) is one of the largest Sciaenidae. The meagre is a fish with excellent biological characteristics for aquaculture, such as tolerance to a wide range salinity and high commercial value. The muscle quality is considered very good, with high protein content and low fat content. The present work has as a goal to study the impact of the season of capture in the quality of the meagre, namely the lipid fractions (the total lipids content, the lipids classes, and the fatty acids profile). Samples from November and April were analyzed. This analysis found that the meagre is a low fat fish. The chemical composition of the meagre presents some seasonality, the lipids fractions being the composition that varies the most along the year. The values of lipid content (8.6%), EPA (3.3%), and omega3/omega6 (1.1%) were significantly higher in autumn. In April the samples had more omega3 fatty acids, like the DHA (10.3%), and the omega-6, in particular LA (19.3%). It is therefore concluded that the meagre muscle in the autumn has a correlation with the feed

Resumo: Muitos estudos tem sido feitos sobre poluição do ar com Nicotiana tabacum L.(SOLANACEAE) variedade Bel-W3 comparando-se cidades ou áreas urbanas. Bel-W3 é uma variedade sensível ao ozônio, que reage ao poluente com salpicos cloróticos e necróticos na superfície foliar também com seu desenvolvimento diminuído, devido as toxinas secundarias produzidas a partir desse poluente. Com o objetivo de verificar se a poluição em diferentes regiões de Curitiba poderiam ser verificadas com esse bioindicador, foram colocadas em seis pontos distribuídos por três regiões geograficamente distintas em Curitiba 108 plantas distribuídas igualmente por essas regiões. Curitiba possui 1.603.462 habitantes e 2,4 habitantes por veículos. A cidade possui um bairro industrial e foi dividida em vias estruturais que dificultam a dispersão dos poluentes. Baseado na conformação dessas vias as regiões foram divididas em sub-regiões mais e menos poluídas para comparação de medias de desenvolvimento das plantas. Foram realizadas análises de desenvolvimento, estruturais, química e físicas. Dentre os pontos analisados o ponto da Capela do Portão e do Centro Politécnico da UFPR foram os mais prejudicados. Das regiões estudadas a Região Sudoeste apresentou maior índice de lesão foliar causado pelo ozônio .a Região Central foi onde as plantas foram menos afetadas.

VAZ,G.L. O. Eletrodeposição, Caracterização e Estudos de Corrosão de Revestimentos de Ni-Mo e Ni-W 2007. 85 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências) – Centro de Ciências , Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2007.
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The corrosion behavior and mechanical properties of Ni-Mo and Ni-W electrocoatings in NaCl solutions are investigated in this work. A comparative study has been done with the properties of Cr. All electrocoatings were obtained under galvanostatic control at room temperature and were evaluated in terms of composition, microstructure, microhardness, cristalinity and corrosion resistance. The surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the chemical composition was determined by energy dispersive X-rays (EDX), the microhardness was measured by the Vickers hardness test and the structure was determined by X-ray diffraction (DRX). The electrochemical corrosion tests were carried out by linear potenciodinamic polarization (PP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that Ni-Mo and Ni-W present good corrosion resistance when compared with Cr coatings, and the best were Ni-13Mo and Ni-14W. The layer’s micrographs present homogeneous layers with nodules distributed in the surface and cracks can be observed to Ni-17Mo and Ni-25Mo. Ni-Mo and Ni-W coatings are crystalline exhibiting a face-centred-cubic structure in the solid solution. The microhardness increased with the Mo or W percentage and heat treatments increased the hardness of the coatings, while Cr decreased its hardness with heat treatment.
O comportamento da corrosão e as propriedades mecânicas de revestimentos de Ni-Mo e Ni-W em soluções de NaCl foram investigados neste trabalho, sendo feito um estudo comparativo com as propriedades do revestimento de cromo industrial. Todas as camadas foram obtidas sob controle galvanostático em temperatura ambiente e foram avaliadas em termos de composição química, microestrutura, icrodureza, cristalinidade e resistência à corrosão. A morfologia superficial foi caracterizada por microscopia de varredura eletrônica (MEV), a composição química foi determinada por energia dispersiva de raios X (EDX), a microdureza foi medida pelo teste de dureza de Vickers e a estrutura cristalina foi determinada por difração de raios X (DRX). Os testes eletroquímicos de corrosão foram realizados por polarização potenciodinâmica linear (PP) e pela espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIE). Os resultados mostraram que os revestimentos de Ni-Mo e Ni-W apresentam boa resistência à corrosão quando comparados com os revestimentos de Cr, sendo os melhores Ni-13Mo e Ni-14W. As camadas foram homogêneas, com nódulos distribuídos na superfície e a presença de trincas para as camadas Ni-17Mo e Ni-25Mo. Os revestimentos apresentam uma estrutura cristalina do tipo cúbica de face centrada com a formação de uma solução sólida. A microdureza aumentou com o percentual de Mo e W na camada e com o tratamento térmico a dureza das ligas aumentaram, enquanto as camadas de Cr diminuíram sua dureza com o tratamento térmico.

Originaire des Andes, comme ses plantes hôtes du genre Solanum, le nématode à kyste de la pomme de terre (Globodera pallida) a été introduit accidentellement en Europe. Une approche mixte de génétique des populations et de phylogéographie a été réalisée sur cette espèce dans son berceau d'origine et secondairement dans une zone d'introduction. Le génotypage avec 8 loci microsatellites, d'individus issus de 27 populations échantillonnées le long d'un transfert de plus de 1600 km à travers le Pérou, a permis de mettre en évidence : une forte consanguinité que la quasi-totalité de la variabilité génétique d'une région (bassin de production de pomme de terre) se retrouve à l'échelle de la rhizosphère d'une plante, qu'une région peut être considérée comme une unique population et qu'un patron d'IBD s'observe entre populations. L'approche phylogéographique (cytochrome B) montre que ces populations ont dispersé du sud du Pérou vers le nord. La forte divergence observée suggère une différenciation entre populations de l'ordre du million d'années. Ce scénario n'est pas compatible avec l'hypothèse d'une colonisation liée à la domestication de la pomme de terre (5000 ans). G. Pallida aurait colonisé les Andes à partir du lac Titicaca au fur et à mesure que la montagne s'élevait en progressant vers le nord, grâce à la progression conjointe de son hôte sauvage. Puis lors de la domestication de la pomme de terre, il serait passé des Solanum sauvages cultivés à plusieurs reprises et ceci de façon indépendante. Les populations européennes ont été identifiées comme originaire du sud du Pérou. La comparaison du patron génétique observé au Pérou et en Europe a permis d'appréhender l'impact des forces évolutives mise en jeu lors de son induction. Cette meilleure connaissance de la variabilité génétique des populations de nématodes et de leur origine géographique devraient permettre de mieux raisonner les méthodes de luttes contre ce ravageur majeur des cultures de pommes de terre
The potato cyst nematode (Globodera pallida) is a plant parasitic nematode that was introduced in Europe but originates from the Andes, as its host (genus Solanum). Population genetics and phylogeography of this species were performed in its native area and secondary in an introduction area. Individuals from 27 Peruvian populations, sampled along a 1600 km North to south transect, were genotyped using 8 microsatellite loci. The main results were : (i) a high consanguinity (ii) most of the genetic variability present in an agronomic region could be observed at the scale of a single plant (iii) an agronomic region could be considered as a single population and (iv) isolation by distance pattern was observed between populations. Using a phylogeographical approach (cytochrome B) five clades were identified and have revealed a clear expansion of populations from South to North of Peru. The 5 clades diverged far before human settlement (million years ago) indicating tha G. Pallida populations have independently made at least 5 host shifts from wild to cultivated potatotes. The estimated divergence time and the South to North pattern observed among the clades of G. Pallida a species restricted to high altitude in Peru match to the Andean uplift that occurred firstly in southern Peru followed by mountain pulifth towards the North. This study is also the first one that identified the origin of the Euorpean populations. All the imported populations studied come from the same area in the south part of Peru. Population graps of the evolutionary forces that take place during introduction event. This is depth knowledge of the genetic variability of G. Pallida as well as the identification of the origin of the introduced population have clear implications on the management of the resistance gene against this major pest of the potatoes

A Teia de Alcance Mundial, como é conhecida a www da população que já tem acesso à internet, tem se tornado no Brasil rapidamente expressiva em tempos de mercados globais e, dentro deste contexto, a atividade do ecoturismo é analisada enquanto oferta e mensagem online. Realiza-se um estudo qualitativo exploratório no intuito de discutir a presente oferta ecoturística online e a mensagem propagada via rede. O termo ecoturismo é questionado, assim como as iniciativas que se apropriam da palavra para uso indiscriminado, seja via mensagem ou em práticas de viagens duvidosas. Pesquisa com a seção Aventura, do suplemento Viagem O Estado de S.Paulo é retomada para verificar versão online desta mídia. Também se discute como o ecoturismo pode ser virtual mas, efetivamente, uma atividade que demonstre sustentabilidade. Inspirado nos sites de clicar-doar, descobre-se a homepage Ecosolidariedade, que serve de analogia para uma proposta de um novo site de donativo em ecoturismo, com um modelo diferente de parceria entre empresas doadoras e Organizações Não Governamentais. Acredita-se que, com a participação de internautas que encontrem feedback em um endereço na rede para suas questões de viagens ecoturísticas, há razoáveis chances de Meanders, como batiza-se a idéia, vingar. O trabalho conclui que a rede é subaproveitada pelo ecoturismo diante do potencial atual. Raros são os exemplos de iniciativas com posturas e práticas sócio-ambientais louváveis. Neste sentido, pouco mudou desde uma década atrás. Portanto, há muito o que fazer para que, pela internet e com o ecoturismo, sejam possíveis ações que façam uma diferença e garantam um futuro melhor.
The World Wide Web popularization has evoked an unavoidable link between ecotourism and internet, fact further analyzed in this study. Qualitative approach is performed to discuss which are the ecotourism services currently online available. In addiction, the investigation is complemented with a critical view to distinguish between uses and misuses of the term ecotourism by media, travel agencies and tour operators basically. In this way, it is used as a present example the section Aventura from the weekly travel supplement Viagem, belonging to the newspaper O Estado de S. Paulo. A discussion on how the ecotourism can be a virtual (and real) way of sustainability is also done. Some free will donate homepages were sorted out and by chance put one of them, Ecosolidariedade, as a model for a specific analysis, mainly due to its original idea of partnership among companies and NGOs to make possible a fund raising process. In a similar way, it is proposed a new concept of homepage employing the action of the internaut in a real context of sustainability in ecotourism. This is further explained by the project named Meanders. It is concluded that the cyberspace is far from an appropriate manner of being useful for ecotourism actions and there are seldom examples aiming the principles of environmental consciousness and practices. Little has been changed since the last decade in how goes Brazilian ecotourism conception and promotion. There is a long path that should be more fostered through internet to stimulate the ecotourism as a way of dissemination on effective social and environmental benefits. São Paulo. 2001.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo, 2017.
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A pesquisa discute e analisa o tema das intervenções urbanas dentro da ótica da reintegração de espaços degradados à dinâmica urbana e seu significado na promoção da cidade sustentável dado o reaproveitamento de recursos sociais, econômicos e ambientais. Acredita que intervenções urbanas descoladas de instrumentos urbanísticos de gestão não são capazes de reverter o cenário de degradação, já que elas por si só não revitalizam a cidade. Assim, a pesquisa visa identificar instrumentos urbanísticos capazes de viabilizar intervenções com o objetivo de reintegrar áreas degradadas ao tecido urbano, além de mantê-las parte da dinâmica urbana. A metodologia foi dividida em três momentos: i) elaboração de referencial teórico que permitiu compreender a adequabilidade das intervenções urbanas ao conceito de sustentabilidade, bem como as razões de degradação urbana; a evolução conceitual dos diferentes termos relacionados a intervenção urbana, apresentando paralelamente estudos de projetos relacionados a cada abordagem; as diferentes categorias de instrumentos urbanísticos de gestão capazes de viabilizar intervenções de modo articulado com o contexto socioeconômico e ambiental urbano, identificando critérios de análise para realização do estudo de caso; ii) caracterização do estudo de caso, a avenida W3 Sul em Brasília, verificando as causas de sua degradação; qual conceito de intervenção melhor se adequa ao caso e quais instrumentos se alinham para a promoção dos objetivos da reintegração; iii) avaliação das diferentes propostas de intervenção já realizadas para avenida W3 Sul com objetivo de verificar a adequação dos conceitos e instrumentos estudados. Como resultados se destaca que o diagnóstico da maioria das propostas apontam causas internas e externas para degradação da avenida, o que corrobora a base conceitual da pesquisa. Entretanto, a maioria das intervenções se pauta em melhorias do desenho urbano e recomendações genéricas sobre uso e ocupação do solo sem estabelecer os instrumentos urbanísticos que lhes daria consequência. No caso do instrumento da Operação Urbana Consorciada, esse é referido por um dos projetos analisados e de forma genérica, o que desconsidera seu potencial de ser um dos únicos instrumentos capazes de realmente promover a reinserção na dinâmica urbana da avenida em que pese as questões relativas ao tombamento.
This research discusses and analyzes the urban intervention theme within the deteriorated space reintegration to the urban dynamics perspective and it’s meaning regarding the promotion of the sustainable city given the reuse of social, economic and environmental resources. Urban interventions that are not linked to urban management tools are believed to be incapable of reversing degradation fields. Therefore, this work aims to identify urban tools capable of enabling interventions, focusing on reintegrating degraded areas to the urban fabric and keeping them a part of the urban dynamics. The methodology was divided into three steps: i) development of theoretical reference in order to understand the adequacy of urban interventions regarding the concept of sustainability and the reasons behind urban degradation. The conceptual evolution of different terms related to urban intervention, presenting case studies related to each approach, as well as the different categories of urban management tools that can enable decisions articulated to the socioeconomic and environmental context, identifying analysis criterion for each case study; ii) characterization of the case study, the W3 Sul avenue in Brasilia, regarding the causes of degradation, which concept of intervention is better suited to each case and which tools are aligned to the idea of reintegration promotion; iii)evaluation of different intervention proposals already carried out at the W3 Sul avenue, focusing on verifying the adequacy of concepts and the studied tools. As a result, the analysis of most proposals presented internal and external causes to the avenue deterioration, which supports the research conceptual foundation. However, most of the interventions focused on urban landscape and generic recommendations regarding land use and occupation, addressing urban management tools as a secondary instrument. One of the proposals refers the Urban Operation Consortium generically, which ignores it’s potential of management tool capable to promote the reintegration of the avenue to the urban dynamics despite patrimonial questions.

Les lipides composent l'essentiel de la membrane des cellules et influencent leur fonctionnement. Ils sont aussi au centre de la vie cellulaire et au cœur des échanges. L'alimentation constituant la source exclusive des lipides essentiels et quasi exclusive des autres classes de lipides, des apports alimentaires spécifiques influencent la physiologie à l'échelle de l'organisme. Nous avons montré chez le porc qu'une supplémentation orale à base d'huile de foie de requin riche en acides gras w3 à longue chaîne et en alkylglycérols, deux classes de lipides bioactifs a des effets bénéfiques sur le transfert de l'immunité maternelle et la fertilité mâle. En effet, le pourcentage de spermatozoïdes mobiles, la vélocité des gamètes et la teneur en étherlipides des spermatozoïdes sont accrus chez des verrats recevant un complément alimentaire d'huile de foie de requin. D'autre part, des truies supplémentées avec 32 g/jour d'huile de foie de requin entre le 80e jour de gestation et jusqu'au sevrage présentent des taux d'hématies et d'anticorps spécifiques de la vaccination contre la maladie d'Aujeszky plus élevés que des animaux recevant un régime standard. La complémentation du régime se traduit par un enrichissement des sécrétions mammaires des truies en anticorps totaux et spécifiques, en acides gras w3 et en alkylglycérols. Les porcelets allaités par ces animaux bénéficient de concentrations sanguines en leucocytes et en anticorps plus élevées ainsi que d'une croissance plus rapide. Ces effets semblent provenir d'une action conjuguée des alkylglycérols et des acides gras w3 et sur la composition du lait maternel et d'un éventuel effet prénatal. Ces résultats s'inscrivent dans un contexte socioéconomique visant à limiter l'utilisation des antimicrobiens en nutrition animale et proposent une alternative intéressante. Ils font l'objet d'un brevet et d'une valorisation industrielle
Cell plasma membrane is composed of various lipid classes which can influence cell functions. Lipids have a strategic position in cell life ant dake part to cellular exchanges. Essential lipids as well as other lipid classes can, at least partially, only be provided by the diet. Thus specific food intake can influence whole body physiology. We have shown here that a dietary supplementation with shark liver oil containing both w3 fatty acids and alkyglycerols, two bioactive lipid classes, can have beneficial effects on immunity transfer from mother to offspring and on sperm mobility and these effects were related to a higher etherlipid content of sperm from supplemented boars. Moroever, red blood cell concentration and antibody level against Aujeszky disease following vaccination were higher in sows receiving a dietary supplement of 32 g/day of shark liver oil from day 80 of gestation to weaning as compared to sows fed with a standard diet. Dietary suppliy enhanced antibody concentration toghether with w3 fatty acid and alkylglycerol levels in sow mammary secretions. Leukocyte and antibody concentrations as well as growth were increased in piglets feeding from supplemented sows. Those beneficial effects might be related to a conjugated effect of dietary w3 fatty acids and alkylglycerols on sow mammary secretion composition and/or from a potential effect durring gestation. These results take place in a socioeconomic context aiming for a reduced use of antibiotics in animal food and might present an interesting alternative solution. This work is protected by patent

Computational group theory deals with the design, analysis and computer implementation of algorithms for solving computational problems involving groups, and with the applications of the programs produced to interesting questions in group theory, in other branches of mathematics, and in other areas of science. This thesis describes an implementation of a proposal for a Soluble Quotient Algorithm, i.e. a description of the algorithms used and a report on the findings of an empirical study of the behaviour of the programs, and gives an account of an application of the programs. The programs were used for the construction of soluble groups with interesting properties, e.g. for the construction of soluble groups of large derived length which seem to be candidates for groups having efficient presentations. New finite soluble groups of derived length six with trivial Schur multiplier and efficient presentations are described. The methods for finding efficient presentations proved to be only practicable for groups of moderate order. Therefore, for a given derived length soluble groups of small order are of interest. The minimal soluble groups of derived length less than or equal to six are classified.

The growth of eCommerce is being hampered by a lack of trust between providers and consumers of Web-based services. While Web trust issues have been addressed by researchers in many disciplines, a comprehensive approach has yet to be established. This thesis proposes a conceptual trust-profiling framework???W3TF???which addresses issues of trust and user confidence through a range of new user-centred trust measures???trust categories, trust domains, transitivity of trust, fading factor analysis, standalone assessment, hyperlinked assessment and relevance assessment. While others now use the concept of transitivity of trust, it was first introduced by this research in 1998. The thesis also illustrates how W3TF can narrow the gap/disconnection between the hierarchical PKI trust environment and the horizontal Web referral environment. The framework incorporates existing measures of trust (such as Public Key Infrastructure), takes account of consumer perceptions by identifying trust attributes, and utilises Web technology (in the form of metadata), to create a practical, flexible and comprehensive approach to trust assessment. The versatility of the W3TF is demonstrated by applying it to a variety of cases from trust literature and to the hypothetical case study that provided the initial stimulus for this research. It is shown that the framework can be expanded to accommodate new trust attributes, categories and domains, and that trust can be ???weighed??? (and therefore evaluated) by using various mathematical formulae based on different theories and policies. The W3TF addresses identified needs, narrows the gaps in existing approaches and provides a mechanism to embrace current and future efforts in trust management. The framework is a generic form of trust assessment that can help build user confidence in an eCommerce environment. For service providers, it offers an incentive to create websites with a high number of desired trust attributes. For consumers, it enables more reliable judgments to be made. Hence, Web trust can be enhanced.

Orientador: Dennys Esper Corrêa Cintra
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas
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Resumo: A obesidade é uma doença metabólica absolutamente fora de controle. As condições primárias associadas são hipertensão arterial, dislipidemias, diversos tipos de câncer, resistência à insulina (RI) e principalmente o diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Dentre as características secundárias, esteatose hepática e síndrome do ovário policístico figuram entre as principais. Tais doenças acometem número cada vez maior de indivíduos e sobrecarregam sistemas públicos mundiais de saúde. A inflamação crônica e de baixo grau, designada "meta-inflamação", por acometer todo o organismo, parece ser o pano de fundo principal do processo obesogênico, resultando no descontrole da ingestão alimentar e na predisposição ao surgimento da RI podendo progredir para o DM2. Diante da ineficiência de terapêuticas farmacológicas atuais para o controle da obesidade, o investimento em estratégias anti-inflamatórias tem sido incentivado. Nesse intuito, ácidos graxos insaturados (AGIs), especialmente os ômega-3 (?3) e ômega-9 (?9) têm-se mostrado eficientes em atenuar a inflamação por meio da ativação do receptor GPR120, e em recuperar a sensibilidade à insulina em diversos tecidos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as ações e mecanismos anti-inflamatórios dos AGIs ?-linolênico (?3) e oléico (?9), presentes em elevadas concentrações no óleo de semente de linhaça e oliva respectivamente, em tecidos periféricos metabolicamente ativos de animais obesos e diabéticos induzidos por dieta rica em gordura (HF), e suas repercussões na regulação glicêmica do organismo. O tratamento via dieta HF com substituição em 10% da fração saturada pelos respectivos óleos, foi eficiente em restabelecer o controle da fome dos animais que consequentemente ganharam menos peso em relação aos seus controles obesos. Dados fisiológicos obtidos por meio de medições de glicemia de jejum e dos testes de tolerância à insulina (ITT) e à glicose (GTT) evidenciaram melhoras na homeostase glicêmica, confirmado em nível molecular pelo aumento da atividade das principais proteínas envolvidas na via da insulina como o IR, IRS-1 e Akt. Possivelmente esses resultados deram-se em virtude da redução da expressão de peptídeos pró-inflamatórios como TNF-?, IL-6 e IL-1?, seguidos pelo aumento da expressão da IL-10, de caráter anti-inflamatório. No fígado, a melhora na sensibilidade à insulina, resultou em inibição da enzima GSK-3 propiciando o restabelecimento do controle hepático sobre o metabolismo da glicose. Análises por hematoxilina/eosina (HE) e imunohistoquímica evidenciaram menor acumulação lipídica e redução da infiltração de macrófagos M1 no parênquima hepático, resultando em melhora do fenótipo de esteatose hepática macrovesicular e recuperação funcional deste tecido. Houve diminuição da hipertrofia dos adipócitos, fato que contribuiu com a remissão da inflamação. Foi verificada a presença do receptor GPR120 nestas células, permitindo, portanto a entrada dos AGIs. A técnica de espectrometria de massa atestou a incorporação dos AGIs de interesse no fígado, sustentando a hipótese de que os efeitos benéficos encontrados ocorreram em decorrência das ações destes nutrientes. Esses achados permitem concluir que fontes alimentares dos AGs ?3 e ?9 modulam de forma potente a resposta inflamatória no organismo. Tais ações são controladas pelo GPR120, receptor comum a esses AGs, e parecem ocorrer de maneira tecido-específica com repercussões sistêmicas, positivas para o controle glicêmico
Abstract: Obesity is characterized as a metabolic disease absolutely out of control which nowadays reaches epidemic levels. The diseases associated to thiscomorbid as hypertension, dyslipidemia, several kinds of cancer, insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes (DM2) and secondary conditions as hepatic steatosis and polycystic ovary syndrome affect a large number of people,burdening the public health system. The low grade chronic inflammation seems to be the main cause of the obesogenic processes, resulting in an uncontrolled food intake and the predisposition for insulin resistance (IR), which can lead to type II diabetes. Once there is no effective pharmacological therapy to treat obesity so far, the investment in anti-inflammatory approaches has been encouraged. In this regard, unsaturated fatty acid, mostly 3-omega (?3) and 9-omega (?9) have been shown effective in decreasing the inflammatory process by activating its common receptor, the GPR120, by recuperating the insulin sensibility in several tissues resulting in improvements in the systemic glucose homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential antiinflammatory effects of the fatty acids ?-linolenic(?3) and oleic (?9), found in high concentrations in flaxseed and olive oil respectively on active metabolic tissue as liver, skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue of obese and diabetic animals induced by high fat diet, as well as its effects on insulin signaling and glycemic regulation. The high fat treatment with 10% replacement of the saturated portion by ?3 or ?9 oil was effective in restoring the control of food intake in the animals, which consequently gained less weight compared to the obese group. Physiological data from fasting glycemic measure, insulin and glucose tolerance test (ITT and GTT) have showed improvements in the glycemic homeostasis, which was molecularly confirmed by the increase in the activity of the main proteins involved in the insulin signaling pathway as the IR, IRS-1 and AKT. We believe that these results are due to the decrease in proinflammatory peptides expression as TNF-?, IL-6 and IL-1? and increase in the IL-10 expression, known by its anti-inflammatory effects. Improvements in insulin sensitivity in liver resulted in GSK-3 inhibition culminating in the glucose hepatic metabolic reestablishing which contributes to restore the control of plasma glucose levels. Hematoxilin/Eosin (HE) and Immunohistochemistry analysis showed lower lipid accumulation and decreased macrophage infiltration in hepatic parenchyma corroborating the reducing in macrovesicular steatosis and functional recovering of this tissue. There was reduction in adipocyte size, which contributed to "meta-inflammation" remission. We could note the presence of GPR120 receptor in membrane of these cells probably allowing the ?3 and ?9 entry. Mass spectrometry technique attested high incorporation of these fatty acids in liver suggesting the beneficial effects found were due to these nutrients actions. These findings allow us to conclude that alimentary sources of ?3 and ?9 fattty acids modulate effectively the systemic inflammatory response, resulting in the insulin sensibility restoration and in the glucose tolerance improvement. Such nutrients have shown to be important therapeutic nutrigenomic tools against obesity and its associated comorbidities
Mestrado
Nutrição
Mestra em Ciências da Nutrição e do Esporte e Metabolismo

This paper describes a methodology to assess the energy performance of residential buildings starting from the semantic 3D city model of Vienna. Space heating, domestic hot water and electricity demand are taken into account. The paper deals with aspects related to urban data modelling, with particular attention to the energy-related topics, and with issues related to interactive data exploration/visualisation and management from a plugin-free web-browser, e.g. based on Cesium, a WebGL virtual globe and map engine. While providing references to existing previous works, only some general and introductory information is given about the data collection, harmonisation and integration process necessary to create the CityGML-based 3D city model, which serves as the central information hub for the different applications developed and described more in detail in this paper. The work aims, among the rest, at developing urban decision making and operational optimisation software tools to minimise non-renewable energy use in cities. The results obtained so far, as well as some comments about their quality and limitations, are presented, together with the discussion regarding the next steps and some planned improvements.

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Information Management, specialization in Information Technologies
The present research focuses on the first software to offer spatial autocorrelation and association measures, spatial exploratory tools, variography and Ordinary Kriging (OK) in the World Wide Web. Exploiting IE®, ASP®, PHP® and IIS® capabilities, SAKWeb© version 2.0 was designed in an attractive and straightforward way for everyone’s use. Major commercial off-the-shelf spatial software is reviewed to confirm SAKWeb© improvements. As confirmed by Green and Bossomaier [2002], “it is essential for geographical studies to provide basic spatial autocorrelation indices and significance test computer programs for personal computers”. Spatial autocorrelation can provide an Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) tool for atypical locations, trends, transition regions and spatial patterns. The weight matrix (W) is assessed on the basis of the covariogram contiguity. In accordance with various distance ranges, SAKWeb© selects the one with the highest global Moran I to setup the conventional and the Moran location scatterplot. In addition, the Moran I correlogram may lead to a re-estimation process of the best variogram range, sill, model and nugget-effect factors. Some of the possibilities are dropping outliers, tracing patterns of quadrants I and III, highlighting transition samples or maintaining the original dataset. IDW is also stressed as a poor method for W specification. Nearest neighborhood analysis and brushing operations are added features for enhanced dataset familiarity.(...)

碩士
國立清華大學
工程與系統科學系
90
A neutron reflectometer is installed at Tsing-Hua Open Pool Reactor (THOR) W3 beam port in NTHU (National Tsing Hua University). This is the first neutron scattering beamline at THOR for 40 years operation. The neutron reflectometer can be used to measure the atomic and magnetic depth profiles of the polymer and magnetic thin films. Neutron mainly interacts with the nuclei and magnetic moments; and X-ray interacts with electron clouds, respectively. They are important and complementary tools on the research work of condensed matter physics. The non-polarized neutron reflectometer is finished constructed, and the polarized one is in process currently. For the polarized neutron reflectometer, a Heusler crystal will be used to monochromate and polarize neutron; Or to polarize the neutron by using Fe/Si supermirror after monochromated by the graphite crystal. The preliminary results show that the maximum counting rate is 10^5 cps at the sample stage, the background is 0.2 cps, and the maximum dynamic range can be achieved up to 10^4—10^5.

碩士
國立交通大學
分子醫學與生物工程研究所
100
The high concentration H2S contained in biogas is corrosive and hinders biogas application. The combined chemical- biological H2S removal system contains rapid H2S oxidation in chemical reaction and cyclic Fe3+ regeneration in biological reaction for biogas purification. The microbial strain, Acidithiobacillus sp. CP1, applied in this system is acidophilic, chemoautrophic and oxidize Fe2+ to Fe3+, yet the ferric ion regeneration efficiency was limited due to the slow bacteria growth rate. In this study, NTG(N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine) was applied to wild type strain Acidithiobacillus sp. CP1 for random mutation selection in order to get the rapid grow mutants. We picked up the rapid-formed colonies to proceed the continuous culture selections, and obtained the best performance mutant strain named Acidithiobacillus sp. W3. The iron oxidation of the△W3 strain is 10-fold higher to the WT strain after 108 hours culture.The cell growth velocity of the W3 strain is 8-fold higher to the WT strain by shorten the lag phase III period from 108 hours to 24 hours. We also investigated the optimal growth conditions including salt concentrations, CO2 concentrations, Fe2+ starting concentrations, and aeration conditions. The results showed that the best growth condition is 10% CO2 contained in 50 ml/min air aeration and 10gL-1 ferrous ion on 1-fold basal salt medium. In the gene expression aspect , we also analysis the iron oxidation related rus and pet operons to identfy the differences in mutant and wild type strain in varies conditions. By qPCR analysis, the results showed the two operons are dominantly expressed in the mutant strain, especially in the lag phase, the related genes expression are 10 to 250 fold comparing to the wild type strain.

博士
國立中央大學
企業管理學系
107
The aim of this study is to define a new web mining system framework (WMSF), to design an economical web mining architecture, to develop a customized W3 mining system (CWMS) for the cost down on the web mining platform. Then, we verify and evaluate the web crawler efficiency of CWMS and the adjustability and portability of resiliency. The method of the research is to integrate the theoretical model obtained from the literature and to make a research structure. The inference of the theory is with the definition of WMSF, the CWMS, the design and implementation of CWMS and the experimental research of CWMS as a focus. In this study, according to the functional architecture of integrated framework for keyword-based text data collection and analysis studied by Cha et al., and we extract the web crawler component and the result view panel (RVP) of user interface component in the architecture and then reorganize a new WMSF. And then, according to the script execution and address extraction process (virtual algorithm) studied by Oh et al., the effective using PHP language to develop the CWMS which is components include algorithm programs, huge amounts storage space and web server. Finally, in the experimental results of CWMS, we have verified that the system can improve the web crawler efficiency of CWMS and the adjustability and portability of resiliency.

碩士
國立清華大學
工程與系統科學系
94
The purpose of this thesis is to construct a neutron depolarization (ND) beamline in the Tsing-Hua Open Pool Reactor (THOR) in order to measure the magnetic characteristics in the interior of magnetic materials. The ND experiments were carried out at W3 port of THOR (2 MW). The neutron beam with wavelength λ0 = 2.37 Å is chosen by graphite monochromator, and then polarized and analyzed by Heusler Cu2MnAl (111) crystals. The neutron polarization ratio of the beamline is about 82%. The depolarized neutrons were collected by a 3He detector. Four hundred neutron counts per second was achieved. A Ni75Fe25 sample was used to test the performance of this beamline. The measured depolarization factor is 0.789 and the procession angle is 2.61 rad, which imply the mean magnetic domain size is 34±7 μm and mean magnetic induction is 236.6 Oe has been investigated by ND technique in Ni75Fe25.

博士
國立交通大學
生物科技系所
102
The acidophilic and autotrophic Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans oxidizes ferrous iron into ferric iron to obtain the electrons and reducing power. The ferric iron was used to be an oxidant for H2S elimination and A. ferrooxidans was immobilized in the bioreactor for the ferric iron regeneration. This combined and renewable system was applied for the biogas purification in this study. The former “carrier-based” reactors are unadvisable as H2S elimination system because they are prone to sulfur blockage problems under heavy loading operations. Therefore, the “scrubbing-style” reactor was designed for robust biogas purification under pilot-scale long-term operation. In the type I “scrubbing-style” system of laboratory scale study, various H2S inlet flow rates and spray pressures were used to evaluate the H2S removal efficiency (RE) in the chemical reactor. The high H2S RE (> 90%) demonstrated that this scrubbing-style system performed well under heavy loading (~ 1,300 g-S m-3 h-1) without severe sulfur blockage. In the scaled-up application, the type I system using A. ferrooxidans CP9 was operated for consecutive 356 days for biogas purification, including shock loading and shutdown tests. The system achieved an average RE of 94.8% with an elimination capacity (EC) value of 64 g-S m-3 h-1 under EBRT 216 s. In addition, the system recovered quickly in the shock loading and shutdown tests without permanent damage; however, the solid sulfur still caused blockage after the long-term operation. In the type II “scrubbing-style” system, the design of the connection between the chemical absorbers and the storage tank was improved to elevate the removal efficiency and quickly remove the sulfur solid. In laboratory scale study, the effects of droplet size and column size on the optimal H2S removal were characterized. In the scaled-up application, the type II system using the high growth rate strain W3 was operated for 500 consecutive days for biogas purification. The optimal conditions were an average RE of 90% with an EC of 302 g-S m-3 h-1 under EBRT 73 s. In the power generation test with 30 kW biogas generation, the maximum power output was 27.6 kW and the maximum thermal efficiency was 26.4% at a biogas supply rate of 220 litter per minute (LPM) using 70% CH4. The W3 strain in the type II system showed approximately 100% higher maximum iron oxidation rate than the CP9 in the type I system. Furthermore, only 34% EBRT was required for the type II system to deal with the 5 folds H2S loading higher than the type I system. To further characterize the differences between A. ferrooxidans CH9 and W3, their genome and transcriptome were subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis. The results show 88.4% of the sequenced genomes (2829 of 3309 genes) from CP9 and W3 were assembled by mapping to the reference ATCC 23270 genome. Moreover, 288 mutated paired bases were located on the 79 coding sequences (CDS), whereas 22 paired bases were located on the non-coding region of the W3 genome. The gene ontology (GO term) analysis showed similar hit term distributions for both mutant genes and total genes, which indicates that the mutation rate in each specific class is size-related and randomly mutated. In the NGS transcriptomic analysis, the total qualified paired-end sequencing reads from six samples mapped to the reference genome ranged from 80.3% to 81.9%. Also, this study is the first time to apply NGS in the differential expressed gene analysis of a different energy source for A. ferrooxidans. Collection of sulfur metabolism–related genes from the NGS data provided new evidence of candidate genes that encode key enzymes involved in unidentified pathways. For example, the sreABCD protein encoded in the sre operon was highly expressed under sulfur-growth conditions (fold change (FC) = 2–4), which was considered responsible for reducing sulfur into sulfide. Moreover, cysJ and cysI are highly expressed under iron-growth conditions (FC = 8). Thus, these genes encode proteins that catalyze the reduction of sulfite into sulfide and could involve in the only pathway for sulfide production under such conditions. Furthermore, 10 genes were found in the mutant W3 with differentially expressed under four various conditions. In particular, glcF was highly expressed (FC = 2.7) during the lag phase rather than in the log phase of the mutant W3; however, this gene was minimally expressed during both the lag phase and the log in the CP9 strain. The fold change was also examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and shows the evidence that glcF in W3 was highly expressed (FC = 6.1) in the lag phase than in the log phase. The glycolate oxidase encoded by the glc operon could catalyze the conversion of glycolate into innocuous glyoxylate in A. ferrooxidans carbon metabolism. Therefore, highly efficient detoxification could be account for the 8.5 folds higher growth rate during the lag phase of the mutant W3 than that of the CP9.