Artículos de revistas: "W3"

1

Pope, C. N., L. J. Romans y K. S. Stelle. "Anomaly-free W3 gravity and critical W3 strings". Physics Letters B 268, n.º 2 (octubre de 1991): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(91)90799-v.

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2

Qin, Sheng-Li, Peter Schilke, Jingwen Wu, Tie Liu, Yuefang Wu, Álvaro Sánchez-Monge y Ying Liu. "SMA observations of the W3(OH) complex: Dynamical differentiation between W3(H2O) and W3(OH)". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 456, n.º 3 (31 de diciembre de 2015): 2681–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv2801.

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3

Slater, Alan Falconer. "Extending W3 clients". Computer Networks and ISDN Systems 28, n.º 1-2 (diciembre de 1995): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-7552(95)00116-4.

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4

Pope, C. N., L. J. Romans y K. S. Stelle. "On W3 strings". Physics Letters B 269, n.º 3-4 (octubre de 1991): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(91)90172-m.

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5

Freeman, M. D. y P. West. "W3 string scattering". Physics Letters B 299, n.º 1-2 (enero de 1993): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(93)90879-m.

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6

Radobolja, G. "Galilean W3 algebra". Journal of Mathematical Physics 62, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 2021): 081701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0047610.

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7

Sobolev, A. M., E. C. Sutton, D. M. Cragg, S. P. Ellingsen, D. M. Mehringer, I. I. Zinchenko, A. B. Ostrovskii y P. D. Godfrey. "Masers and outflows in the W3(OH)/W3(H2O) region". Astronomical & Astrophysical Transactions 20, n.º 2 (agosto de 2001): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10556790108229702.

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8

Qin, Sheng-Li, Peter Schilke, Jingwen Wu, Yuefang Wu, Tie Liu, Ying Liu y Álvaro Sánchez-Monge. "SMA OBSERVATIONS OF THE W3(OH) COMPLEX: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN W3(H2O) AND W3(OH)". Astrophysical Journal 803, n.º 1 (13 de abril de 2015): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/803/1/39.

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9

FIGUEROA-O'FARRILL, J. M., C. M. HULL, L. PALACIOS y E. RAMOS. "GENERALIZED W3-STRINGS FROM FREE FIELDS". Modern Physics Letters A 10, n.º 06 (28 de febrero de 1995): 515–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732395000557.

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The conventional quantization of w3-strings gives theories which are equivalent to special cases of bosonic strings. We explore whether a more general quantization can lead to new generalized W3-string theories by seeking to construct quantum BRST charges directly without requiring the existence of a quantum W3-algebra. We study W3-like strings with a direct space-time interpretation — that is, with matter given by explicit free field realizations. Special emphasis is placed on the attempt to construct a quantum W-string associated with the magic realizations of the classical w3-algebra. We give the general conditions for the existence of W3-like strings, and comment on how the known results fit into our general construction. Our results are negative: we find no new consistent string theories, and in particular rule out the possibility of critical strings based on the magic realizations.

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10

LU, H., C. N. POPE, B. E. W. NILSSON, K. S. STELLE y P. C. WEST. "THE LOW-LEVEL SPECTRUM OF THE W3 STRING". International Journal of Modern Physics A 08, n.º 23 (20 de septiembre de 1993): 4071–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x93001673.

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We investigate the spectrum of physical states in the W3 string theory, up to level 2 for a multiscalar string, and up to level 4 for the two-scalar string. The (open) W3 string has a photon as its only massless state. By using screening charges to study the null physical states in the two-scalar W3 string, we are able to learn about the gauge symmetries of the states in the multiscalar W3 string.

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11

Roberts, D. A., R. M. Crutcher y T. H. Troland. "BIMA13CO Observations of W3". Astrophysical Journal 479, n.º 1 (10 de abril de 1997): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/512786.

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12

Thronson, H. A. ,. Jr, C. J. Lada y T. Hewagama. "The W3 molecular cloud". Astrophysical Journal 297 (octubre de 1985): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/163565.

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13

Kawamura, Jonathan H. y Colin R. Masson. "Expansion of W3(OH)". Astrophysical Journal 509, n.º 1 (10 de diciembre de 1998): 270–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/306472.

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14

Lu, H., C. N. Pope, S. Schrans y X. J. Wang. "The interacting W3 string". Nuclear Physics B 403, n.º 1-2 (agosto de 1993): 351–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(93)90040-v.

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15

Bergshoeff, E., H. J. Boonstra y M. de Roo. "Realisations of W3 symmetry". Physics Letters B 292, n.º 3-4 (octubre de 1992): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(92)91180-h.

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16

de Boer, Jan y Jacob Goeree. "The covariant W3 action". Physics Letters B 274, n.º 3-4 (enero de 1992): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(92)91988-l.

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17

Pope, C. N., L. J. Romans, E. Sezgin y K. S. Stelle. "The W3 string spectrum". Physics Letters B 274, n.º 3-4 (enero de 1992): 298–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(92)91989-m.

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18

GHOSH, S. y S. ROY. "ON THE BOUSSINESQ HIERARCHY AND REALIZATION OF W3-SYMMETRY". International Journal of Modern Physics A 08, n.º 05 (20 de febrero de 1993): 895–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x93000345.

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The Boussinesq hierarchy equation can be regarded as W3-gravity Ward identity from Polyakov-type gauge fixing on SL (3, R) Lie algebra valued gauge fields through proper identification of the fields. We clarify its relation with the W3-gravity obtained by Hull through gauging the chiral W3-symmetry of a free scalar field theory.

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19

Park, Yuna, Qingzhen Liu, Soohyun Maeng, Won Jung Choi, Yoonjee Chang y Wan-Taek Im. "Nocardioides convexus sp. nov. and Nocardioides anomalus sp. nov., isolated from soil and mineral water". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 2020): 6402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004547.

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Two bacterial strains designated as W3-2-3T and HKS04T were isolated from mineral water and a soil sample, respectively, in the Republic of Korea. The 16S rRNA genes of the two strains shared a sequence similarity of 93.5 %. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains W3-2-3T and HKS04T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Nocardioides of the family Nocardioidaceae (order Propionibacteriales ). The closely related species of strain W3-2-3T were Nocardioides albidus (98.9 %), Nocardioides caeni (98.8 %), Nocardioides kongjuensis (98.6 %), Nocardioides aromaticivorans (98.5 %), Nocardioides nitrophenolicus (98.4 %), Nocardioides flava (98.2 %) and Nocardioides ginsengisoli (98.1 %). The closest species of strain HKS04T was Nocardioides halotolerans (98.7 %). The genome sizes of strains W3-2-3T and HKS04T were 4741198 and 5 120341 bp, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains W3-2-3T and HKS04T were 73.3 and 72.1 mol%, respectively. The main fatty acids of strain W3-2-3T were C17:1 ω6c and iso-C16:0 and those of strain HKS04T were iso-C16:0 and iso-C16:0 H. The main polar lipids of both strains were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol and the predominant respiratory quinone was MK-8(H4), supporting the affiliation of these strains with the genus Nocardioides . Based on the results of biochemical, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, two novel species, Nocardioides convexus W3-2-3T (KACC 21211T=LMG 31251T) and Nocardioides anomalus HKS04T (KACC 18879T=LMG 31249T), are proposed.

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20

Carciofi, Aulus Cavalieri, Rodrigo Sousa Bazolli y Flávio Prada. "Ácidos graxos poliinsaturados w6 e w3 na alimentação de cães e gatos". Revista de Educação Continuada em Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia do CRMV-SP 5, n.º 3 (1 de diciembre de 2002): 268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36440/recmvz.v5i3.3293.

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Os ácidos graxos poli insaturados (AGP) apresentam diversas funções orgânicas, tais como fonte de energia, componente estrutural da membrana celular e precursores dos eicosanóides. A despeito da importância dos AGPm6 na seborréia canina (ácido cis-linoléico) e felina (ácido cis-linoléico eácido aracdônico), o papel imunomodulador dos AGPw6 e w3, conseqüente aos eicosanóidesdeles derivados, tem recebido maior interesse científico nos últimos anos. A relação dietética entre os ácidos graxos pró-inflamatórios cis-linoléico (m6) e aracdônico (m6), versus os ácidos graxos menos inflamatórios gama-linolênico (w6), alfa-linolênico (w3), eicosapentaenóico (w3) edocosaeicosaenóico (w3) determina a família de leucotrienos, prostaglandinas e tromboxanos produzidos no interstício, resultando em maior ou menor atividade vasodilatadora, quimiotática, dolorosa, piréxica, etc. Estudos clínicos indicaram efeito positivo de relações dietéticas m6:w3 que variam de 10: 1 até 2:1 em doenças inflamatórias e alérgicas cutâneas, osteoartrite, algumas neoplasias, nefropatias e doença cardíaca, indicando um caminho promissor a ser explorado.

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21

Rizka Amalia, Suyono y Fariani Hermin Indiyah. "Kontruksi dan Karakteristik Distribusi Invers Weibull Diskrit Bivariat". Jurnal Statistika dan Aplikasinya 3, n.º 2 (30 de diciembre de 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jsa.03201.

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Penelitian ini membahas kembali mengenai kontruksi dan karakteristik dari distribusi Invers Weibull Diskrit bivariat. Distribusi Invers Weibull Diskrit bivariat dikonstruksi dengan mendeﬁnisikan variabel acak X1 = max(W1, W3) dan X2 = max(W2, W3), dimana W1, W2, dan W3 berdistribusi Invers Weibull Diskrit. Karakteristik distribusi Invers Weibull Diskrit bivariat yang dibahas adalah mixed moment, kovariansi, dan koeﬁsien korelasi. Perhitungan numerik dengan menggunakan program Octave diberikan pada penelitian ini untuk menunjukkan kinerja langsung dari mixed moment.

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22

Ahmadi, A., H. Beuther, J. C. Mottram, F. Bosco, H. Linz, Th Henning, J. M. Winters et al. "Core fragmentation and Toomre stability analysis of W3(H2O)". Astronomy & Astrophysics 618 (octubre de 2018): A46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732548.

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Context. The fragmentation mode of high-mass molecular clumps and the properties of the central rotating structures surrounding the most luminous objects have yet to be comprehensively characterised. Aims. We study the fragmentation and kinematics of the high-mass star-forming region W3(H2O), as part of the IRAM NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) large programme CORE. Methods. Using the IRAM NOEMA and the IRAM 30 m telescope, the CORE survey has obtained high-resolution observations of 20 well-known highly luminous star-forming regions in the 1.37 mm wavelength regime in both line and dust continuum emission. Results. We present the spectral line setup of the CORE survey and a case study for W3(H2O). At ~0.′′35 (700 AU at 2.0 kpc) resolution, the W3(H2O) clump fragments into two cores (west and east), separated by ~2300 AU. Velocity shifts of a few km s−1 are observed in the dense-gas tracer, CH3CN, across both cores, consistent with rotation and perpendicular to the directions of two bipolar outflows, one emanating from each core. The kinematics of the rotating structure about W3(H2O) W shows signs of differential rotation of material, possibly in a disk-like object. The observed rotational signature around W3(H2O) E may be due to a disk-like object, an unresolved binary (or multiple) system, or a combination of both. We fit the emission of CH3CN (12K−11K), K = 4−6 and derive a gas temperature map with a median temperature of ~165 K across W3(H2O). We create a Toomre Q map to study thestability of the rotating structures against gravitational instability. The rotating structures appear to be Toomre unstable close to their outer boundaries, with a possibility of further fragmentation in the differentially rotating core, W3(H2O) W. Rapid cooling in the Toomre unstable regions supports the fragmentation scenario. Conclusions. Combining millimetre dust continuum and spectral line data toward the famous high-mass star-forming region W3(H2O), we identify core fragmentation on large scales, and indications for possible disk fragmentation on smaller spatial scales.

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23

Banaru, Mihail y Galina Banaru. "A note on W3-manifolds". Publications de l'Institut Math?matique (Belgrade) 103, n.º 117 (2018): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pim1817017b.

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24

Roberts, D. A., R. M. Crutcher, T. H. Troland y W. M. Goss. "VLA Zeeman observations of W3". Astrophysical Journal 412 (agosto de 1993): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/172953.

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25

Saitoh, Y., N. Sakai y N. Yugami. "Bosonic Constructions of W3 Algebra". Progress of Theoretical Physics 83, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 1990): 621–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/ptp.83.621.

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26

Zeng, Qin. "Methanol Masers in W3(OH)". Symposium - International Astronomical Union 150 (1992): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900090318.

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The formation conditions of the methanol masers in W3(OH) are studied separately. The lower limits of the densities of the A- and E-type maser regions are 105 and 106 cm−3. The A-type maser requires a stronger excitation from HII region, than the E-type maser. The relative abundance of methanol to molecular hydrogen is more than 5×10−5. The calculation indicates that there are maser series (J0-(J+1)-1) E, (J1-(J+1)0) E J=1,2 and (J2-(J+1)1) A+ J=7,8,9 in W3(OH).

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27

Nuwer, M. R. y V. Deletis. "W3 Intraoperative monitoring: Spinal cord". Clinical Neurophysiology 117 (septiembre de 2006): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2006.07.070.

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28

Li, Keke. "Construction of topological W3 gravity". Physics Letters B 251, n.º 1 (noviembre de 1990): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(90)90231-t.

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29

Marshakov, A. y A. Morozov. "A note on W3 algebra". Nuclear Physics B 339, n.º 1 (julio de 1990): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(90)90534-k.

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30

de Boer, Jan y Jacob Goeree. "KPZ analysis for W3 gravity". Nuclear Physics B 405, n.º 2-3 (septiembre de 1993): 669–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(93)90563-5.

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31

Ivanov, E., S. Krivonos y A. Pichugin. "Nonlinear realizations of W3 symmetry". Physics Letters B 284, n.º 3-4 (junio de 1992): 260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(92)90430-c.

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32

Ogawa, Daisuke, Nobuyoshi Nakajima, Masanori Tamaoki, Mitsuko Aono, Akihiro Kubo, Hiroshi Kamada y Hikaru Saji. "O-2 Activates Leaf Injury, Ethylene and Salicylic Acid Synthesis, and the Expression of O3-Induced Genes in O3-Exposed Tobacco". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 61, n.º 11-12 (1 de diciembre de 2006): 856–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2006-11-1214.

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Abstract O3 is the major component of photochemical oxidants and gives rise to visible injuries on plant leaves. In O3-exposed plants, O-2 is produced before the formation of the injury, but the role that O-2 plays in plant response to O3 exposure is still unknown. To clarify its role, we observed the behavior of plants during O3 exposure after pretreatment with tiron, which is an O-2 scavenger. When tiron-pretreated tobacco cv. Bel W3 was exposed to O3, leaf damage was attenuated. In O3-exposed tobacco, tiron inhibited increases in the levels of ethylene and salicylic acid, which promote leaf injury. Tiron pretreatment also suppressed increases in the expression of O3-induced genes. These results suggest that O-2 is involved in many plant responses induced by O3 exposure. Bel B, a tobacco cultivar that is genetically related to Bel W3, is reported to be more resistant to O3 than Bel W3, but the reason for this difference is unclear. We investigated the differences between the responses of Bel B and tiron-pretreated Bel W3 to O3 exposure, and we discuss the reasons for the resistance to O3 by comparing the phenotype of Bel B with that of tiron-pretreated Bel W3.

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33

Haslin, Emmanuelle, Rene A. Corner-Thomas, Paul R. Kenyon, Sam W. Peterson, Stephen T. Morris y Hugh T. Blair. "Associations among Mammary Ultrasound Measurements, Milk Yield of Non-Dairy Ewe Lambs and the Growth of Their Single Lambs". Animals 11, n.º 7 (9 de julio de 2021): 2052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11072052.

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Mammary cistern size was positively correlated with milk yield of mature dairy ewes, but the association in ewe lambs is unknown. This experiment aimed to examine the associations between mammary ultrasound measurements and the milk yield of ewe lambs at one year of age and to determine the accuracy of using maternal mammary ultrasound to predict single lamb growth rates. Single-bearing ewe lambs (n = 45) were randomly selected and 30 were milked once at weeks three (W3), five (W5), and seven (W7) of lactation. Mammary ultrasound scans were performed at day 110 of pregnancy, W3, W5, W7, and weaning (L69). Single lambs (n = 30) were weighed at birth and at each mammary scanning event. Udder measurements explained 26.8%, 21.4%, and 38.4% of the variation in milk yield at W3, W5 and W7, respectively, and 63.5% and 36.4% of the variation in single lamb growth to W3 and to L69. This ultrasound technique was more accurate in predicting single lamb growth to W3 than milk yield and may enable the identification of pregnant ewe lambs whose progeny would have greater growth rates. More research is needed to identify accurate indicators of superior milk yield and determine whether ultrasound could be used to select ewe lambs.

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34

Jefferies, W. A., J. R. Green y A. F. Williams. "Authentic T helper CD4 (W3/25) antigen on rat peritoneal macrophages." Journal of Experimental Medicine 162, n.º 1 (1 de julio de 1985): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.162.1.117.

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The rat W3/25 antigen that appears to be equivalent to human CD4 (T4) antigen is expressed on thymocytes and T helper cells and plays a role in the response of T helper cells to antigen. The W3/25 and anti-T4 antibodies also label macrophages. In this paper we examine whether the macrophage antigen is the same as that on T cells. New monoclonal antibodies against the rat CD4 antigen, MRC OX-35 through OX-38, are described, all of which label peritoneal macrophages from normal and athymic rats. The molecular weight of W3/25 antigen on macrophages is indistinguishable from that on T cells. We conclude that macrophages express authentic CD4 (W3/25) antigen. Another new monoclonal antibody, MRC OX-34, labels an antigen of 50-54,000 mol wt that is expressed on rat T but not B cells or peritoneal macrophages. It was used to control for the presence of any T cell products in immunoprecipitation from rat macrophage extracts.

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35

Wang, Yuan, Henrik Beuther, Qizhou Zhang, Arjan Bik, Javier A. Rodón, Zhibo Jiang y Cassandra Fallscheer. "Different Evolutionary Stages in the Massive Star-forming Complex W3 Main". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S292 (agosto de 2012): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921313000768.

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AbstractWe observed with the Submillimeter Array and IRAM 30 m telescope three high-mass star-forming regions in different evolutionary stages in the W3 high-mass star formation complex. These regions, i.e. W3 SMS1 (W3 IRS5), SMS2 (W3 IRS4) and SMS3, are located within the same large-scale environment, which allows us to study rotation and outflows as well as chemical properties in an evolutionary sense. While we find multiple mm continuum sources toward all regions, these three subregions exhibit different dynamical and chemical properties, which indicates that they are in different evolutionary stages. Even within each sub-region, massive cores of different ages are found, e.g. in SMS2, sub-sources from the most evolved UCHii region to potential starless cores exist within 30 000 AU (left panel, Fig. 1). Outflows and rotational structures are found in SMS1 and SMS2. Evidence for interactions between the molecular cloud and the HII regions is found in the 13CO channel maps (right panel, Fig. 1), which may indicate triggered star formation.

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36

Minh, Y. C. y H. R. Chen. "Chemical structure of the massive protobinary-forming hot core, W3(H2O)". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, S237 (agosto de 2006): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307002360.

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AbstractThe hot molecular core, W3(H2O), contains a massive protobinary system that is cocooned by dense gas (n(H2) ~ 107 cm−3), with about 1 arcsec (~ 2000 AU) separation of the binary system. We investigate chemical properties of the gas components around this binary system using the mm-wave transitions of complex molecules, CH3CN, SiO, HNCO, and CH3CH2CN, observed with the BIMA array. The two protostellar objects, A and C in W3(H2O), can be distinguished using chemical properties, suggesting that the source A may be younger than the source C within the time scale of less than 104 years. The hot core around the source C, traced by CH3CH2CN and the K=6 component of CH3CN, seems to have more time for chemical evolution than the source A. The SiO emission in this region suggests that there was an influence from the outside of the W3(H2O) and W3(OH) hot cores. The nitrogen chemistry may be more active in the later stage than the oxygen chemistry, but the chemical evolution of the protostellar envelopes may not be monotonic as previously suggested.

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37

Evans, G. O., R. M. Flynn y J. D. Lupton. "An immunogold cell labelling method for rat T lymphocytes". Laboratory Animals 22, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 1988): 332–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367788780746115.

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A method using monoclonal antibodies in conjunction with an immunogold procedure was adapted for labelling T lymphocytes in blood samples obtained from male Wistar rats. The monoclonal antibodies W3/25, MRC/OX8 and W3/13 were used. Changes in the percentages of positively labelled cells were observed in rats dosed with the immunosuppressant cyclosporin.

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38

Mbanya, Jean Claude, Pablo Aschner, Juan J. Gagliardino, Hasan İlkova, Fernando Lavalle, Ambady Ramachandran, Jean-Marc Chantelot y Juliana C. N. Chan. "Screening, prevalence, treatment and control of kidney disease in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in low-to-middle-income countries (2005–2017): the International Diabetes Management Practices Study (IDMPS)". Diabetologia 64, n.º 6 (16 de febrero de 2021): 1246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-021-05406-6.

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Abstract Aims/hypothesis Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney disease worldwide. There is limited information on screening, treatment and control of kidney disease in patients with diabetes in low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods The International Diabetes Management Practices Study is an ongoing, non-interventional study of clinical profiles and practices among patients receiving outpatient care mainly by internal medicine physicians and endocrinologists in LMICs. We examined screening, prevalence, treatment and control of kidney disease across seven waves (W) of data collection between 2005 and 2017. Results Among 15,079 patients with type 1 and 66,088 patients with type 2 diabetes, screening for kidney disease increased between W2 and W3 followed by a plateau (type 1 diabetes: W2, 73.7%; W3, 84.1%; W7, 83.4%; type 2 diabetes: W2, 65.1%; W3, 82.6%; W7, 86.2%). There were also decreasing proportions of patients with microalbuminuria (type 1 diabetes: W1, 27.1%; W3, 14.7%; W7, 13.8%; type 2 diabetes: W1, 24.5%; W3, 12.6%; W7, 11.9%) and proteinuria (type 1 diabetes: W1, 14.2%; W3, 8.7%; W7, 8.2%; type 2 diabetes: W1, 15.6%; W3, 9.3%; W7, 7.6%). Fewer patients were reported as receiving dialysis for both type 1 diabetes (W2, 1.4%; W7, 0.3%) and type 2 diabetes (W2, 0.9%; W7, 0.2%) over time. While there was no change in mean HbA1c or prevalence of diagnosed hypertension (type 1 diabetes: W1, 22.7%; W7, 19.9%; type 2 diabetes: W1, 60.9%; W7, 66.2%), the use of statins had increased among patients diagnosed with dyslipidaemia (type 1 diabetes: W1, 77.7%; W7, 90.7%; type 2 diabetes: W1, 78.6%; W7, 94.7%). Angiotensin II receptor blockers (type 1 diabetes: W1, 18.0%; W7, 30.6%; type 2 diabetes: W1, 24.2%; W7, 43.6%) were increasingly used over ACE inhibitors after W1 (type 1 diabetes: W1, 65.0%; W7, 55.9%; type 2 diabetes: W1, 55.7%, W7, 41.1%) among patients diagnosed with hypertension. Conclusions/interpretation In LMICs, real-world data suggest improvement in screening and treatment for kidney disease in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes attending non-nephrology clinics. This was accompanied by decreasing proportions of patients with microalbuminuria and proteinuria, with fewer patients who reported receiving dialysis over a 12-year period. Graphical abstract

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39

BASTIANELLI, FIORENZO. "AN ACTION FOR SUPER-W3-GRAVITY". Modern Physics Letters A 06, n.º 05 (20 de febrero de 1991): 425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732391000427.

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A superspace action for non-chiral super-W3-gravity is constructed. It generalizes the chiral result of Hull, and like him we assume a stronger condition on the dijk tensors than in W3-gravity. By introducing auxiliary superfields in rigid superspace, we are able to reduce the problem to the gauging in each chiral sector separately.

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40

Zhu, Baoguo, Chunfeng Zheng, Huibin Jia, Qingying Meng, Nannan Wang, Enjun Kuang, Libo Zhang, Xiaohui Shen y Xuedong Gao. "Effects of drip irrigation on spring soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) growth and soil physical indexes of Heilongjiang province of China". Bangladesh Journal of Botany 48, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2019): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v48i1.47420.

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Effects of different drip irrigation on the growth, development and yield of spring soybean was carried out by measuring the growth index and soil physical characteristics index of spring soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). On the basis of natural precipitation in the same year, 4 drip irrigation levels, namely W1 (0 mm), W2 (200 mm), W3 (400 mm) and W4 (600 mm) were established. From flowering to the pod stage of soybean, a significant increase in the soil moisture and a reduction in the soil hardness and bulk density were observed. Though the difference between W3 and W4 was not significant, drip irrigation affected soil physical properties followed W4 > W3 > W2 > W1. Improved growth index including plant height, above-ground biomass and leaf area of soybean was also observed, but excessive drip irrigation triggered the decline of leaf area index and above-ground biomass. Changes caused in the soil physical properties due to drip irrigation affected soybean growth, which resulted a positive action on yield. Compared with W1 treatments, soybean yield in the different irrigation in the W3, W4 and W2 in the year 2015 and 2016 were increased by 83.68 and 46.99%, 61.58 and 39.47%, 23.51 and 20.21%, respectively. Based on the results of the present experiment it was observed that W3 treatment (irrigation rate 400 mm) was the best one for the improved crop yield of soybean.

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41

Gu, Sheng-Yang, Han-Li Liu, Xiankang Dou y Tao Li. "Influence of the sudden stratospheric warming on quasi-2-day waves". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, n.º 8 (20 de abril de 2016): 4885–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4885-2016.

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Abstract. The influence of the sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) on a quasi-2-day wave (QTDW) with westward zonal wave number 3 (W3) is investigated using the Thermosphere–Ionosphere–Mesosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIME-GCM). The summer easterly jet below 90 km is strengthened during an SSW, which results in a larger refractive index and thus more favorable conditions for the propagation of W3. In the winter hemisphere, the Eliassen–Palm (EP) flux diagnostics indicate that the strong instabilities at middle and high latitudes in the mesopause region are important for the amplification of W3, which is weakened during SSW periods due to the deceleration or even reversal of the winter westerly winds. Nonlinear interactions between the W3 and the wave number 1 stationary planetary wave produce QTDW with westward zonal wave number 2 (W2). The meridional wind perturbations of the W2 peak in the equatorial region, while the zonal wind and temperature components maximize at middle latitudes. The EP flux diagnostics indicate that the W2 is capable of propagating upward in both winter and summer hemispheres, whereas the propagation of W3 is mostly confined to the summer hemisphere. This characteristic is likely due to the fact that the phase speed of W2 is larger, and therefore its waveguide has a broader latitudinal extension. The larger phase speed also makes W2 less vulnerable to dissipation and critical layer filtering by the background wind when propagating upward.

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42

Edwards, Kathryn C., Eva Sharma, Michael J. Halenar, Kristie A. Taylor, Karin A. Kasza, Hannah Day, Hoda T. Hammad et al. "Longitudinal pathways of exclusive and polytobacco cigar use among youth, young adults and adults in the USA: findings from the PATH Study Waves 1–3 (2013–2016)". Tobacco Control 29, Suppl 3 (22 de abril de 2020): s163—s169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-055624.

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ObjectiveThe goal of this study is to examine the cross-sectional prevalence of use and 3-year longitudinal pathways of cigar use in US youth (12-17 years), young adults (18-24 years), and adults 25+ (25 years or older).DesignData were drawn from the first three waves (2013–2016) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study of US youth and adults. Respondents with data at all three waves (youth, n=11 046; young adults, n=6478; adults 25+, n=17 188) were included in longitudinal analyses.ResultsWeighted cross-sectional prevalence of past 30-day (P30D) use was stable for adults 25+ (~6%), but decreased in youth (Wave 1 (W1) to Wave 3 (W3)=2.5% to 1.2%) and young adults (W1 to W3=15.7% to 14.0%). Among W1 P30D cigar users, over 50% discontinued cigar use (irrespective of other tobacco use) by Wave 2 (W2) or W3. Across age groups, over 70% of W1 P30D cigar users also indicated P30D use of another tobacco product, predominantly cigar polytobacco use with cigarettes. Discontinuing all tobacco use by W2 or W3 was greater in adult exclusive P30D cigar users compared with polytobacco cigar users.ConclusionsAlthough the majority of P30D cigar users discontinued use by W3, adult polytobacco users of cigars were less likely to discontinue all tobacco use than were exclusive cigar users. Tracking patterns of cigar use will allow further assessment of the population health impact of cigars.

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43

Wu, Qiaoyu, Tianjiu He, Hui Liu, Xiaobo Luo, Wang Yin, Enfa Chen y Fei Li. "Cell ultrastructure and physiological changes of potato during cold acclimation". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 99, n.º 6 (1 de diciembre de 2019): 873–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2019-0092.

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Potato cultivars are sensitive to frost; thus, freezing damage often results in heavy loss of potato yield. In this study, two wild potato species, Solanum acaule W3, which is frost-resistant and has cold-acclimation ability, and Solanum cardiophyllum Cph12, which is frost-sensitive and cannot be cold-acclimated, were used to research the cell structure and physiological changes that occur during cold acclimation. The results showed that the frost resistance of W3 was enhanced by cold acclimation, while the frost resistance of Cph12 did not change. The subcellular characteristics related to the enhancement of freezing resistance mainly include a decrease in the proportion of the vacuole to total cell volume, integrity of the biomembrane, and orderly arrangement of grana lamellae. At the physiological level, the W3 damage index was correlated with membrane lipid peroxidation system indices (including chlorophyll, malondialdehyde, and the difference between relative conductivity before and after freezing treatment in W3), the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, the contents of the osmotic regulators proline and soluble protein, and the contents of the endogenous hormones salicylic acid (SA), indole acetic acid/abscisic acid (IAA/ABA), and SA/ABA, which indicated that cold acclimation enhanced the freezing resistance of wild potato species W3 by enhancing its original cold-tolerance characteristics. The results could be useful to clarify the cold resistance mechanism of plants, and to provide a theoretical basis for cold-resistance breeding.

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44

INANO, Akihiro. "W3-3. Learning from IRB Workshop". Rinsho yakuri/Japanese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 40, n.º 2 (2009): 73S—74S. http://dx.doi.org/10.3999/jscpt.40.73s.

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45

Wilson, T. L., R. A. Gaume y K. J. Johnston. "Ammonia in the W3(OH) region". Astrophysical Journal 402 (enero de 1993): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/172126.

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46

Román-Zúñiga, Carlos G., Jason E. Ybarra, Guillermo D. Megías, Mauricio Tapia, Elizabeth A. Lada y Joáo F. Alves. "STAR FORMATION ACROSS THE W3 COMPLEX". Astronomical Journal 150, n.º 3 (20 de agosto de 2015): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/80.

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47

Vlemmings, W. H. T., L. Harvey-Smith y R. J. Cohen. "Methanol maser polarization in W3(OH)". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 371, n.º 1 (1 de septiembre de 2006): L26—L30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3933.2006.00201.x.

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48

Neilson, Irene, Ruth Thomas, Calum Smeaton, Alan Slater y Gopal Chand. "Education 2000: Implications of W3 technology". Computers & Education 26, n.º 1-3 (abril de 1996): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-1315(95)00063-1.

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49

Cossidente, A., C. Culbert, G. L. Ebert y G. Marino. "On m-ovoids of W3(q)". Finite Fields and Their Applications 14, n.º 1 (enero de 2008): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ffa.2006.04.001.

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50

Chang, Chao-Hsi, Chao-Shang Huang y Liang-Xin Li. "W3 Ward identities on a torus". Physics Letters B 259, n.º 3 (abril de 1991): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(91)90827-d.

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