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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "WH 265"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 21 de diciembre de 2024

Última modificación: 31 de julio de 2025

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1

Chatterley, Christie, and Karl Linden. "Demonstration and evaluation of germicidal UV-LEDs for point-of-use water disinfection." Journal of Water and Health 8, no. 3 (2010): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2010.124.

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Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is a common disinfection option for water treatment in the developed world. There are a few systems installed in developing countries for point-of-use treatment, but the low-pressure mercury lamps currently used as the UV irradiation source have a number of sustainability issues including a fragile envelope, a lifetime of approximately one year, and they contain mercury. UV light emitting diodes (LEDs) may offer solutions to many of the sustainability issues presented by current UV systems. LEDs are small, efficient, have long lifetimes, and do not contain mercury.

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2

Shi, Changmin, Saya Takeuchi, Joseph Dura, and Eric Wachsman. "(Digital Presentation) High Energy Density Stable Lithium-Sulfur Batteries Enabled By 3D Bilayer Garnet Electrolytes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 7 (2022): 2614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0272614mtgabs.

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The cubic-garnet (Li7La3Zr2O12, LLZO) Lithium-Sulfur battery (GLSB) shows great promise in the pursuit of achieving high energy densities. The sulfur used in the cathodes are abundant and inexpensive and possess high specific capacity. As well, LLZO displays excellent chemical stability with Li metal. By using unique porous/dense/porous LLZO “trilayer” and dense/porous LLZO “bilayer” architectures developed by our group, an exceptionally high areal current density of 10 mA/cm2 in Li-Li symmetric cells without applied pressure was achieved. However, instability in the sulfur cathode/LLZO interf

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3

Taer, E., A. Apriwandi, Z. Purba, and R. Taslim. "Porous carbon nanofiber monolith binder-free derived from stink bean pod peel as electrode material for symmetric supercapacitor application." Journal of Ovonic Research 17, no. 5 (2021): 487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/jor.2021.175.487.

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Activated carbon bio-wastes-based have been extensively studied as electrode material for symmetric supercapacitor. In this work, the activated carbon stink bean pod peel-based was synthesis with simplest possible technique without involving complicated techniques as electrode material for supercapacitor. Stinky bean pod peel-based activated carbon is prepared through pre-carbonization, chemical activation, carbonization, and physical activation. ZnCl2 in four different concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 m L-1 was selected as chemical reagent. Furthermore, the carbonization and physical activ

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4

Wang, Chao-Yang, Teng Liu, Xiao-Guang Yang, et al. "(Keynote) Rapid Thermal Management for Fast Charging of Energy-Dense Lithium-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 7 (2023): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-027954mtgabs.

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Charging time trauma refers to the pain experienced by electric vehicle (EV) owners when the ‘refill’ time is significantly longer than that of traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. Worsening this trauma is the inconsistency of EV charging; for example, the same EV may take five times longer to charge on a cold day. Faster charging will alleviate this pain point and aid in the mass adoption of EVs, crucial for meeting near-term carbon emission goals. Reaching this goal will require smarter and more rapid thermal management to provide significantly faster safe charging. The results f

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Cascino, Gregory. "Functional MRI for Language Localization." Epilepsy Currents 2, no. 6 (2002): 178–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1535-7597.2002.00065.x.

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Language Dominance in Partial Epilepsy Patients Identified with an fMRI Reading Task Gaillard WD, Balsamo L, Xu B, Grandin CB, Braniecki SH, Papero PH, Weinstein S, Conry J, Pearl PL, Sachs B, Sato S, Jabbari B, Vezina LG, Frattali C, Theodore WH Neurology 2002;59(2):256–265 Background Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) language tasks readily identify frontal language areas; temporal activation has been less consistent. No studies have compared clinical visual judgment with quantitative region-of-interest (ROI) analysis. Objective To identify temporal language areas in patients with

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6

Nikman, Shahin, Abdulhakim Oudjana, Thomas Leckie, Pasidu Pallawela, and Edward Brightman. "Hybrid Lithium Polysulfide Flow Batteries for Large Scale Energy Storage." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 2 (2022): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-022139mtgabs.

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Lithium-sulfur battery chemistry has garnered global attention as a promising next-generation energy storage technology due to its significantly higher theoretical capacity (450 Wh/kg) compared to lithium-ion (265 Wh/kg), and the fact that its elemental components are green, safe and abundant[1]. As opposed to lithium-ion, the cathode solution chemistry is rich, as elemental sulfur forms polysulfide chains during discharge which can transport and deposit on the metallic lithium anode during a dissolution-migration-deposition “shuttle” mechanism which in effect a) cause a constant internal shor

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7

Reynolds, Nathan. "Zero-Excess Sodium-Organic Battery through in-Situ Metal Plating." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 9 (2024): 1254. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-0291254mtgabs.

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In 2023, the production capacity of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) amounted to 42 GWh with this number predicted to rise to 186 GWh by 2030 spearheaded via numerous promising sodium host materials at both the anode and cathode1,2. Amongst these, organic electroactive compounds are an attractive choice for sustainable energy storage that can be obtained from abundant natural biomass with minimal energy consumption. Sodium Rhodizonate (SRD) is a commercially available example of this which has broad application prospects at both electrodes owing to its high theoretical capacity of 501 mAh/g. Theref

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8

Nguyen, Trung Van, and Yuanchao Li. "New Developments in the High-Energy-Density Solid-Liquid Storage Technology for Redox Flow Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 1 (2022): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02143mtgabs.

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The environmental impact of the use of fossil fuels for energy can be reduced if electricity, which represents one-third of all energy uses, can be generated totally from renewable/sustainable sources such as wind and solar. However, this is only possible if cost-effective long-duration storage technologies are available to allow the highly variable and unpredictable wind and solar energy sources to become reliable baseline energy sources like coal, nuclear or natural gases. Redox flow battery (RFB) energy storage systems are highly suitable for this large-scale, long-duration storage applicat

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9

Sheikh, Sameena, R. K. Behl, S. S. Dhanda, and Ashwani Kumar. "Gene effects for different metric traits under normal and high temperature stress environments in wheat (T. aestivum L. Em Thell)." South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 27, no. 1 (2009): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sp09007.

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The present investigation was conducted to analyze gene effects for grain yield and its components under two different environments. Nine wheat genotypes were selected to generate the experimental material comprised six parental and segregating generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BS1 of BC1 of each of the following six crosses – PBW 343 x WH 283, PBW 343 x WH 542, PBW 343 x PBW 435, UP 2565 x UP 2425, EIGN 1 x Raj 3765 and EIGN 8 x UP 2425. Joint scaling tests revealed the presence of epitasis. Six parameter model revealed the significance of additive gene effects (d) for biological and grain

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10

Rasyida, Amaliya, Salsa Zulfa Aurelia, Fikriyah L. A. Intan, et al. "Potential Use of Water Hyacinth (<i>Eichhornia crassipes</i>) as Growth Media: The Comparison of Acid and Base Treatment." Materials Science Forum 1104 (November 10, 2023): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-do5gjx.

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This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using water hyacinth (WH) as growth media. It was carried out using different treatments, acid, and base, characterized by microscope optic, swelling index, soil water retention, and observing the growth of mung bean seeds for seven days. The results showed that the highest swelling index was NaOH solution treatment in WH with a 2.5 – 2 cm diameter at 560%. It was also shown that soil samples using WH with NaOH treatment can retain water, enhancing mung bean seeds’ rapid growth. Therefore, this preliminary study shows the potential use of WH as

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11

Phan, Trang, and Giang Vu. "Wh-questions in Japanese: Challenges for Vietnamese L2 learners." Acta Linguistica Asiatica 14, no. 1 (2024): 87–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.14.1.87-109.

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The study explored how Vietnamese learners of Japanese handle structural differences in wh-questions. Despite both being wh-in-situ languages, the divergent word order poses challenges for Vietnamese learners. The research involved 65 high school students with 2.5 to 13 years of Japanese learning. Survey results showed a positive correlation between Japanese proficiency and performance. Students were more accurate when Japanese wh-questions mirrored Vietnamese word order, especially in ‘why’ and ‘when’ questions. Difficulties arose when structures differed. Advanced learners could acquire L2 w

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12

Pannu, Kamalpreet, Geetika Singh, and Manoj Kumar. "Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in Triticum aestivum." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES 16, no. 2 (2021): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijps/16.2/160-164.

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The present investigation was carried out to study gene action, heterosis, correlations, variance, genetic advance, heritability using diallel mating design at Research farm, Department of Agriculture, Mata Gujri college, Fatehgarh sahib during rabi, 2016-17 and 2017-18. The experiment was carried out in Randomized Block Design and observations were recorded on fifteen characters. The best heterotic cross for grain yield per plant was Kalyan Sona × WH-1080 followed by PDW-215 × CPAN-1796, Kalyan Sona× CPAN-1796, DBW-90 × PDW-215, DBW-90 ×WH-1080 and Kalyan Sona × DBW-90. Results revealed that

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13

Kitenge, V. N., D. J. Tarimo, K. O. Oyedotun, G. Rutavi, D. T. Bakhoum, and N. Manyala. "Electrical Double-Layer Capacitor Based on Low Aqueous Electrolyte Contents in EmimTFO Ionic Liquid." International Journal of Energy Research 2023 (April 25, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8659009.

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A study has been conducted on the electrochemical properties of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (EmimTFO) protic ionic liquid enhanced by adding potassium nitrate (2.5 M) aqueous solution. The properties of EmimTFO as well as mixtures diluted by molar fractions of 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9 of KNO3 were also investigated through measurements of viscosity, density, and conductivity. In a three-electrode test run at 0.25 A g-1, the addition of 2.5 M KNO3 solution generated peak specific capacities of ~40.2 and ~85.8 mAh g-1 on the positive and negative potentials, respectively.

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14

Khairunnisa, Khairunnisa, and Siti Mita Mafturoh. "Characteristics of LiFePo4 and Li-Ion Batteries during the Process of Charging and Discharging for Recommendation Solar Power Energy Storage." Jurnal Edukasi Elektro 7, no. 1 (2023): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jee.v7i1.61654.

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One of the advantages of using electric vehicle batteries to store electrical energy is an appropriate technology that supports zero emission. Hence, this research tries to compare based on each type of Lithium to be seen in terms of capacity and total energy obtained during charging and discharging conditions. The results of the comparison of the characteristics of the two batteries show that Lithium Iron Phosphate batteries have better quality. Based on the results of testing the conditions when charging from both of them, it was found that the capacity of the LiFePo4 battery was 22.93Ah whi

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15

Wohlsen, T., S. Stewart, P. Aldridge, J. Bates, B. Gray, and M. Katouli. "The efficiency of ozonated water from a water treatment plant to inactivate Cryptosporidium oocysts during two seasonal temperatures." Journal of Water and Health 5, no. 3 (2007): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2007.039.

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We investigated the efficiency of residual ozone from an advanced water treatment plant with an applied dose of 2.5 mg l−1 to inactivate viable Cryptosporidium oocysts during summer (i.e. 24°C) and winter (i.e. 18.9°C) in Queensland, Australia. Containers for sample collection were inoculated with 1,000 oocysts l−1 and filled with ozonated water. Ozone residual concentrations were measured at 0, 5 and 10 min intervals. Viability was determined by excystation. Non-ozonated water from the plant, trip and laboratory controls were also analysed. The applied ozone dose of 2.5 mg l−1 produced an imm

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16

Freeman, Matthew C., Robert E. Quick, Daniel P. Abbott, Paul Ogutu, and Richard Rheingans. "Increasing equity of access to point-of-use water treatment products through social marketing and entrepreneurship: a case study in western Kenya." Journal of Water and Health 7, no. 3 (2009): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.063.

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Point-of-use water chlorination reduces diarrhoea risk by 25–85%. Social marketing has expanded access to inexpensive sodium hypochlorite for water treatment, at a cost of less than US$0.01 per day, in Kenya. To increase product access, women's groups in western Kenya were trained to educate neighbours and sell health products to generate income. We evaluated this programme's impact on equity of access to water treatment products in a cross-sectional survey. We surveyed 487 randomly selected households in eight communities served by the women's groups. Overall, 20% (range 5–39%) of households

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17

Christensen, Ekaterina, Vegard Nilsen, Tor Håkonsen, et al. "Removal of model viruses, E. coli and Cryptosporidium oocysts from surface water by zirconium and chitosan coagulants." Journal of Water and Health 15, no. 5 (2017): 695–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2017.055.

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The present work evaluates the effect of contact filtration, preceded by coagulation with zirconium (Zr) and chitosan coagulants, on model microorganisms and waterborne pathogens. River water intended for potable water production was spiked with MS2 and Salmonella Typhimurium 28B bacteriophages, Escherichia coli, and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts prior to coagulation. The hygienic performance demonstrated by Zr comprised 3.0–4.0 log10 removal of viruses and 5.0–6.0 log10 removal of E. coli and C. parvum oocysts. Treatment with chitosan resulted in a removal of 2.5–3.0 log10 of viruses and par

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18

Adams, William M., Derek J. Hevel, Jaclyn P. Maher, and Jared T. McGuirt. "Racial and Sex Differences in 24 Hour Urinary Hydration Markers among Male and Female Emerging Adults: A Pilot Study." Nutrients 12, no. 4 (2020): 1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041068.

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The purpose of this study was to examine 24 h urinary hydration markers in non-Hispanic White (WH) and non-Hispanic Black (BL) males and females. Thirteen males (BL, n = 6; WH, n = 7) and nineteen females (BL, n = 16, WH, n = 3) (mean ± SD; age, 20 ± 4 y; height, 169.2 ± 12.2 cm; body mass, 71.3 ± 12.2 kg; body fat, 20.8 ± 9.7%) provided a 24 h urine sample across 7 (n = 13) or 3 (n = 19) consecutive days (148 d total) for assessment of urine volume (UVOL), urine osmolality (UOSM), urine specific gravity (USG), and urine color (UCOL). UVOL was significantly lower in BL (0.85 ± 0.43 L) compared

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Desi Anggraeni, Nuha, István Seres, and István Farkas. "Energetic analysis of semi-transparent photovoltaic module." E3S Web of Conferences 484 (2024): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202448403001.

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Alternatives to traditional fossil-based energy generation are required to combat climate change and air pollution. Solar power has become increasingly appealing due to its infinite supply, ability to mitigate climate change, and non-polluting nature. The semi-transparent photovoltaics have a portion of the cell that allows light to pass through while the rest of the cell generates electricity. Energy analysis on semi-transparent photovoltaic is needed to determine their performance. The studied semi-transparent photovoltaic systems consist of ten modules combined in one panel and two separate

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20

Bao, Xiuyu, Yiping Song, Tao Li, et al. "Comparative Transcriptome Profiling of Ovary Tissue between Black Muscovy Duck and White Muscovy Duck with High- and Low-Egg Production." Genes 12, no. 1 (2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12010057.

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The egg-laying rate is an important indicator for evaluating fertility of poultry. In order to better understand the laying mechanism of Muscovy ducks, gene expression profiles and pathways of ovarian tissues in high- and low-laying black (BH and BL) and white Muscovy ducks (WH and WL) during the peak production period were performed by using RNA-seq. The total number of reads produced for each ovarian sample ranged from 44,344,070 to 47,963,328. A total of 113, 619 and 87 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in BH-vs-WH, BL-vs-BH and BL-vs-WL, respectively. Among them, 54, 35

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Moore, Rebecca R., Hiroaki Nagai, Rodney A. Miller, et al. "Comparative Incidences and Biological Outcomes for Thymoma in Various Rat Strains in National Toxicology Program Studies." Toxicologic Pathology 47, no. 7 (2019): 833–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623319863119.

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Thymomas from 277 Fischer 344/N (F344/N), 10 Sprague Dawley (HSD:Sprague Dawley SD) (SD), 129 Wistar Han [Crl:WI(Han)] (WH), and 4 Wistar Outbred (WO) rats were reviewed from long-term studies in the National Toxicology Program (NTP) database. The incidence of thymomas in F344/N rats was slightly higher in males than in females, while the incidences in SD and WH rats were higher in females than in males. Only male WO rats were used in NTP studies. Of the 277 thymomas in F344/N rats, 235 (84.8%) were benign and 42 (15.2%) malignant, 14 of which exhibited metastasis. Of the 10 thymomas in SD rat

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22

Lam, Jason Tszhin, Edwin Lui, Simon Chau, Cathie Show Wu Kueh, Ying-kit Yung, and Wing Cheong Yam. "Evaluation of real-time PCR for quantitative detection of Escherichia coli in beach water." Journal of Water and Health 12, no. 1 (2013): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2013.038.

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The current investigation evaluated the use of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for quantitative detection of Escherichia coli in marine beach water. Densities of E. coli in 263 beach water samples collected from 13 bathing beaches in Hong Kong between November 2008 and December 2009 were determined using both real-time PCR and culture-based methods. Regression analysis showed that these two methods had a significant positive linear relationship with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.64. Serial dilution of spiked samples indicated that the real-time PCR had a limit of quantification

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Mirkin, B. M., V. B. Martynenko, and S. M. Yamalov. "(A review) N. N. Lashchinsky. Vegetation of Salair krjazh. Novosibirsk: Geo, 2009. 263 p." Vegetation of Russia, no. 15 (2009): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2009.15.129.

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Peer-reviewed monograph opens with a Foreword by V. P. Sedelnikov "From the editor", wh ere it is reported that this is the first book in a new series "Vegetation of Siberia", "In the context of biodiversity conservation and the growing interest in rare plants and communities need to give the most complete picture of the phytocoenotic diversity of Siberia. To further summarize knowledge of vegetation is important to the publication of primary data arrays of geobotanical descriptions on all types of communities."

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Kim, Byong-Kyu, and Moo-Yong Rhee. "Impact of 2018 ESC/ESH and 2017 ACC/AHA Hypertension Guidelines: Difference in Prevalence of White-Coat and Masked Hypertension." Healthcare 8, no. 2 (2020): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8020122.

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Our study evaluated whether there were differences in the prevalence of white-coat hypertension (WH) and masked hypertension (MH) based on the 2018 ESC/ESH and 2017 ACC/AHA hypertension guidelines in Korea. The motivation was the lowering of the diagnostic threshold for hypertension in the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines. Of 319 participants without antihypertensive drug history and with suspected hypertension based on outpatient clinic blood pressure (BP) measured by physicians, 263 participants (51.6 ± 9.6 years; 125 men) who had valid research-grade office BP and 24-h ambulatory BP measurements wer

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Ackerman, Drew, and Stephen B. Weisberg. "Relationship between rainfall and beach bacterial concentrations on Santa Monica Bay beaches." Journal of Water and Health 1, no. 2 (2003): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2003.0010.

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Rainfall effects on beach water quality in southern California are large enough that county health departments typically issue warnings for the public to avoid recreational water contact for 3 days following a storm. To enhance the scientific foundation for these preemptive public health warnings, we examined the relationship between rainfall and beach indicator bacteria concentrations using 5 years of fecal coliform data taken daily at 20 sites in southern California. There was a countrywide increase in ocean bacterial concentrations associated with almost all storms larger than 6 mm and with

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Rogers, J. M. "Cimetières et traditions funéraires dans le monde islamique: Actes du colloque international du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique organisé par l'Université Mimar Sinan, Istanbul, 28–30 September, 1991. Edited By Jean-Louis Bacqué-Grammont and A. Aksel Tibet, 2 vols. pp. I xvi, 385; pp. II viii, 265, Index, IIIus. bl. and wh. and col. Ankara, Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1996." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 8, no. 2 (1998): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135618630001004x.

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., Rimbawati, Abdul Azis Hutasuhut1, and Yusniati Chaniago. "Analysis of Hybrid Power Plant Technology Using Data Weather in North Sumatera." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.7 (2018): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.7.27364.

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North Sumatera which has areas of extreme enough 0-350 altitude above sea stretching from the coast of the Strait of Malaka to the Bukit Barisan mountains, resulting in some very isolated areas and may not be covered by the electricity supply ongride. It is very necessary to conduct basic research on the application of hybrid power generation technologies to meet the lighting facilities in remote villages. After surveying potential at three points, namely: the lowlands, plains and plateaus. From the data analysis shows that, forLowland rainfall amounts average of 166 mm/month, solar irradiance

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Chaidez, Cristobal, Marcela Soto, and Nohelia Castro-del Campo. "Effect of water suspended particles on the recovery of Cryptosporidium parvum from tomato surfaces." Journal of Water and Health 5, no. 4 (2007): 625–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2007.048.

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An increase in the number of outbreaks of foodborne disease associated with fresh produce consumption has been described. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of water suspended particles during immersing/spraying disinfection processes and the recovery of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts from tomato surfaces. Tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculetum Mill.) were immersed/sprayed with chlorinated water with low and high suspended particle content (10 and 1,000 mg/l) containing 100, 1,000 or 10,000 oocysts/l. Tomatoes were evaluated after a contact time of 120 seconds and 30 secon

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Samra, Zahoor Qadir, Umber Javaid, Sadia Ghafoor, Aleeza Batool, Nadia Dar, and Muhammad Amin Athar. "PCR assay targeting virulence genes of Helicobacter pylori isolated from drinking water and clinical samples in Lahore metropolitan, Pakistan." Journal of Water and Health 9, no. 1 (2011): 208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2010.169.

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Helicobacter pylorus is considered for chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers and adenocarcinoma and its high infection rate is observed in overcrowded and lower socioeconomic groups in developing countries. This study was designed to identify the role of drinking water in the transmission and prevalence of H. pylori (HP). Selective HP medium was developed for enrichment and presumptive identification of H. pylori by urease, catalase and species specific 16S rRNA tests. The virulence genes (vacA ‘s’ and ‘m’ regions and cagA) of H. pylori in 90 out of 225 H. pylori positive drinking water samples we

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Qi, Wang, Lim Fang Yee, and Hu Jiangyong. "Relationship between organic precursors and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation in tropical water sources." Journal of Water and Health 12, no. 4 (2014): 736–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2014.117.

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The presence of organic compounds in water sources is one of the concerns in water treatment. They are potential precursors of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and thus induce health problems in humans. Among the emerging DBPs, carcinogenic compound N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) has been receiving attention during the last decade. This study examined the characteristics of organic components in various water sources and investigated their relationships with NDMA formation. Experiments were carried out on selected water samples from both natural water and wastewater. Results showed similar NDMA f

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Armstrong, Andrew M., Mark D. Sobsey, and Lisa M. Casanova. "Disinfection of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by copper in water." Journal of Water and Health 14, no. 3 (2016): 424–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2016.059.

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When households lack access to continuous piped water, water storage in the home creates opportunities for contamination. Storage in copper vessels has been shown to reduce microbes, but inactivation kinetics of enteric bacteria in water by copper alone needs to be understood. This work characterized inactivation kinetics of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by dissolved ionic copper in water. Reductions of E. coli and P. aeruginosa increase with increasing dose. At 0.3 mg/L, there was a 2.5 log10 reduction of E. coli within 6 hours. At 1 and 3 mg/L, the detection limit was reached b

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Haftu, Desta, Gebrekiros Gebremichael, Desalegn Ajema, Genet Gedamu, and Eskezyiaw Agedew. "Water, sanitation and hygiene practice and associated factors among HIV infected people in Arba Minch town, Southern Ethiopia." Journal of Water and Health 15, no. 4 (2017): 615–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2017.373.

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected people have substantially greater need for water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). Many opportunistic infections cause high morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV (PLHIV) than in immune competent populations. The objective of the study was to assess WASH practices and associated factors among PLHIV. A cross-sectional study design was conducted. Bivariate and multivariate logistic model was employed. According to this study, 97 (23.5%) of the households have unimproved water status, 221 (53.5%) of the households have unimproved sanitation sta

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Ohno, Koichi, Mari Asami, and Yoshihiko Matsui. "Is the default of 2 liters for daily per-capita water consumption appropriate? A nationwide survey reveals water intake in Japan." Journal of Water and Health 16, no. 4 (2018): 562–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2018.281.

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Abstract Two liters per day is generally applied as the default drinking water intake rate for risk assessments, although evidence supporting this value is insufficient. This study aimed to reveal actual water intakes from tap water and other types of drinks, and to explore the relationships between these intakes. For this purpose, we conducted a nationwide Internet questionnaire survey. Tap water intake negatively correlated with bottled water and soft drink intakes, suggesting a mutually complementary relationship. We propose an index, potential Tap Water Intake (pTWI), calculated by adding

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Mashau, Funanani, Esper Jacobeth Ncube, and Kuku Voyi. "Maternal urinary levels of trichloroacetic acid and association with adverse pregnancy outcomes." Journal of Water and Health 17, no. 6 (2019): 884–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2019.109.

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Abstract The current study aimed to determine the association between trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) levels and adverse pregnancy outcomes among third-trimester pregnant women who were exposed to chlorinated drinking water. A total of 205 pregnant women who participated in the disinfection by-products exposure and adverse pregnancy outcome study in South Africa were randomly asked to participate in this study by providing their morning urine sample voids. Samples were analysed for urinary creatinine and TCAA. Furthermore, participants gave individual data using a structured questionnaire. The mea

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Atef, Eidi Mohammad, Nitiwit Dumrichob, Romuald Jolivot, Waleed Mohammed, and Karel Sterckx. "Low Cost Solar Power System with Open Loop Tracking for Rural and Developing Areas." Engineering Journal 24, no. 5 (2020): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4186/ej.2020.24.5.65.

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Solar energy continues to enjoy interest and is becoming one of the important elements in the world's future energy consumption and economic growth. One way to increase the use of solar power systems, particularly in rural and developing areas, is through the employment of low cost, power efficient systems. This paper presents a possible low cost solution where an open loop tracking system is implemented with a small size 50 Watt (W) Monocrystalline Photovoltaic (PV) panel. The system’s performance is monitored at different tropical weather conditions. In addition, the output power is measured

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Smeets, P. W. M. H., J. C. van Dijk, G. Stanfield, L. C. Rietveld, and G. J. Medema. "How can the UK statutory Cryptosporidium monitoring be used for Quantitative Risk Assessment of Cryptosporidium in drinking water?" Journal of Water and Health 5, S1 (2007): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2007.140.

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Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment (QMRA) is increasingly being used to complement traditional verification of drinking water safety through the absence of indicator bacteria. However, the full benefit of QMRA is often not achieved because of a lack of appropriate data on the fate and behaviour of pathogens. In the UK, statutory monitoring for Cryptosporidium has provided a unique dataset of pathogens directly measured in large volumes of treated drinking water. Using this data a QMRA was performed to determine the benefits and limitations of such state-of-the-art monitoring for risk

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Leskinen, Stephaney D., Valerie J. Harwood, and Daniel V. Lim. "Rapid dead-end ultrafiltration concentration and biosensor detection of enterococci from beach waters of Southern California." Journal of Water and Health 7, no. 4 (2009): 674–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.086.

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Same-day microbial water quality assessments are not possible with standard methods, which increases the possibility of public exposure to fecal pathogens. This study examined the efficacy of high-volume hollow fibre ultrafiltration coupled to biosensor detection for enterococci in marine waters to allow same-day public notification of poor water quality. Fifty-six 100 l ultrafiltered samples and 100 ml grab samples were collected weekly from May to July 2007. Post-ultrafiltration processing included sonication and micron sieve passage to remove interfering particulates, followed by centrifuga

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Egorov, Andrey I., Jennifer M. Birkenhauer Best, Christopher P. Frebis, and Michella S. Karapondo. "Occurrence of Aeromonas spp. in a random sample of drinking water distribution systems in the USA." Journal of Water and Health 9, no. 4 (2011): 785–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2011.169.

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Aeromonads are aquatic bacteria found in drinking water supplies worldwide. Some species, such as Aeromonas hydrophila, can cause disease in humans. For this survey, 293 United States public water systems were selected using random sampling, stratified by water source and system type. Water samples were collected during one year from three sites (six samples per site) in each system. Temperature, pH, turbidity, total and free chlorine were measured using standard methods. Aeromonads were detected in 130 of 5,042 valid samples (2.6%) from 42 (14.3%) systems using the ampicillin-dextrin agar wit

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Zyara, Alyaa M., Eila Torvinen, Anna-Maria Veijalainen, and Helvi Heinonen-Tanski. "The effect of chlorine and combined chlorine/UV treatment on coliphages in drinking water disinfection." Journal of Water and Health 14, no. 4 (2016): 640–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2016.144.

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Chlorine disinfection is a globally used method to ensure the safety of drinking water. However, it has not always been successful against viruses and, therefore, it is important to find new methods to disinfect water. Seventeen different coliphages were isolated from the treated municipal wastewater. These coliphages and MS2 were treated with different dosages of chlorine in drinking water, and a combined chlorine/ultraviolet irradiation treatment for the chlorine-resistant coliphages. Chlorine disinfection with 0.3–0.5 mg/L total chlorine (free Cl-dosage 0.12–0.21 mg/L) for 10 min achieved 2

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Macarrão, Camila Longhi, André Luis Lacerda Bachi, Mario Mariano, and Lucia Jamli Abel. "Effects of drinking desalinated seawater on cell viability and proliferation." Journal of Water and Health 15, no. 3 (2017): 360–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2017.252.

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Desalination of seawater is becoming an important means to address the increasing scarcity of freshwater resources in the world. Seawater has been used as drinking water in the health, food, and medical fields and various beneficial effects have been suggested, although not confirmed. Given the presence of 63 minerals and trace elements in drinking desalinated seawater (63 DSW), we evaluated their effects on the behavior of tumorigenic and nontumorigenic cells through the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and annexin-V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodi

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Singh, Gulshan, Ayanda Sithebe, Abimbola M. Enitan, Sheena Kumari, Faizal Bux, and Thor Axel Stenström. "Comparison of droplet digital PCR and quantitative PCR for the detection of Salmonella and its application for river sediments." Journal of Water and Health 15, no. 4 (2017): 505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2017.259.

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Despite advances in microbial detection that quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has led to, complex environmental samples, such as sediments, remain a challenge due to presence of PCR inhibitors. Aquatic sediments accumulate particle-bound microbial contaminants and thereby reflect a cumulative microbial load over time. The relatively new droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) has emerged as a direct quantitative method, highly tolerant to PCR inhibitors and relinquishing the necessity for calibration/standard curves. Information is virtually absent where ddPCR has been applied to detect patho

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Miller-Schulze, Justin P., Catherine Ishikawa, and Jeffery A. Foran. "Assessing lead-contaminated drinking water in a large academic institution: a case study." Journal of Water and Health 17, no. 5 (2019): 728–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2019.025.

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Abstract Drinking water is an important source of lead exposure, and definitively characterizing the sources of lead in drinking water, particularly in large institutional settings, can be time-consuming and costly. This study examined lead concentrations in drinking water at a large university, focusing on variability in first-draw samples and variability with dispensed volume. Over 350 sources were sampled twice by independent groups, and while 78% of these samples were within 2.5 μg/L, almost 10% differed by &gt;10 μg/L. In both sampling events, approximately 50% of sources had lead con

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Ali, Asghar, Insha Sultan, Aftab Hossain Mondal, Mohammad Tahir Siddiqui, Firdoos Ahmad Gogry, and Qazi Mohd Rizwanul Haq. "Lentic and effluent water of Delhi-NCR: a reservoir of multidrug-resistant bacteria harbouring blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaSHV type ESBL genes." Journal of Water and Health 19, no. 4 (2021): 592–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2021.085.

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Abstract Antimicrobial resistance is not restricted to clinics but also spreading fast in the aquatic environment. This study focused on the prevalence and diversity of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes among bacteria from lentic and effluent water in Delhi-NCR, India. Phenotypic screening of 436 morphologically distinct bacterial isolates collected from diverse sites revealed that 106 (∼24%) isolates were ESBL positive. Antibiotic profiling showed that 42, 60, 78 and 59% ESBL producing isolates collected from Ghazipur slaughterhouse, Lodhi garden pond, Hauz Khas lake and Jasola waste

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Long, Sharon C., and Mark D. Sobsey. "A comparison of the survival of F+RNA and F+DNA coliphages in lake water microcosms." Journal of Water and Health 2, no. 1 (2004): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2004.0002.

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The survival of seven F+RNA phages (MS2 Group I ATCC type strain, two Group I environmental isolates, a Group II environmental isolate, a Group III environmental isolate, and two Group IV environmental isolates) and six F+DNA phages (M13, fd, f1, and ZJ/2 ATCC type strains, and two environmental isolates) were examined in microcosms using a surface drinking water source. Phages were spiked into replicate aliquots of a source water at about 20,000 pfu/ml. Replicate spikes were incubated at 4 and 20°C and monitored for 110 days. At 4°C, Groups I and II F+ RNA phages were detectable through 110 d

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Lee, Shun-Hwa, Chul-Hee Lee, Yun-Hee Kim, Ju-Hee Do, and Seung-Hyun Kim. "Occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in the Nakdong River and their removal during water treatment." Journal of Water and Health 5, no. 1 (2006): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2006.051.

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This study was conducted in preparation of a pending Cryptosporidium regulation in Korea. The study had two main objectives: 1) to examine the occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in the Nakdong River; and 2) to evaluate their removal during water treatment. Occurrence of Giardia cysts was also examined. Average (arithmetic mean) numbers of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts at the treatment intake site were 2.6 l-1 and 4.8 l-1, respectively. Generally, the number of Giardia cysts was higher than that of Cryptosporidium oocysts at more sites, but the difference was minimal. Comparison

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Sodha, Samir V., M. Menon, K. Trivedi, et al. "Microbiologic effectiveness of boiling and safe water storage in South Sulawesi, Indonesia." Journal of Water and Health 9, no. 3 (2011): 577–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2011.255.

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In Indonesia, where diarrhea remains a major cause of mortality among children &lt;5 years, the government promotes boiling of drinking water. We assessed the impact of boiling on water quality in South Sulawesi. We surveyed randomly selected households with at least one child &lt;5 years old in two rural districts and tested source and stored water samples for Escherichia coli contamination. Among 242 households, 96% of source and 51% of stored water samples yielded E. coli. Unboiled water samples, obtained from 15% of households, were more likely to yield E. coli than boiled samples

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Zhou, Xue, Lunhui Xiang, Fenghong Wu, et al. "Comparison of extracts and toxicities of organic compounds in drinking water concentrated by single and composite XAD resins." Journal of Water and Health 11, no. 4 (2013): 692–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2013.035.

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We compared extracts and toxicities of organic compounds (OCs) in drinking water concentrated by composite XAD-2/8 resin (mixed with an equal volume of XAD-2 and XAD-8 resins) with those extracted by single XAD-2 (non-polar) and XAD-8 (polar) resins. Drinking water was processed from raw water of the Han River and the Yangtze River in Wuhan section, China. The extraction efficiency of all resins was controlled at 30%. The types of extracted OCs were detected by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were assessed by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-dip

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Katukiza, A. Y., H. Temanu, J. W. Chung, J. W. A. Foppen, and P. N. L. Lens. "Genomic copy concentrations of selected waterborne viruses in a slum environment in Kampala, Uganda." Journal of Water and Health 11, no. 2 (2013): 358–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2013.184.

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The presence of viruses in a slum environment where sanitation is poor is a major concern. However, little is known of their occurrence and genomic copy concentration in the slum environment. The main objective of this study was to determine the genomic copy concentrations of human adenoviruses F and G, Rotavirus (RV), Hepatitis A virus (HAV), Hepatitis E virus (HEV) and human adenovirus species A,C,D,E, and F (HAdV-ACDEF) in Bwaise III, a typical slum in Kampala, Uganda. Forty-one samples from surface water, grey water and ground water were collected from 30 sampling locations. The virus part

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Sandalakis, Vassilios, Dimosthenis Chochlakis, Ioannis Goniotakis, Yannis Tselentis, and Anna Psaroulaki. "Minimum inhibitory concentration distribution in environmental Legionella spp. isolates." Journal of Water and Health 12, no. 4 (2014): 678–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2014.217.

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In Greece standard tests are performed in the watering and cooling systems of hotels’ units either as part of the surveillance scheme or following human infection. The purpose of this study was to establish the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) distributions of environmental Legionella isolates for six antimicrobials commonly used for the treatment of Legionella infections, by MIC-test methodology. Water samples were collected from 2004 to 2011 from 124 hotels from the four prefectures of Crete (Greece). Sixty-eight (68) Legionella isolates, comprising L. pneumophila serogroups 1, 2, 3, 5

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Tiwari, Ananda, Seppo I. Niemelä, Asko Vepsäläinen, Jarkko Rapala, Seija Kalso, and Tarja Pitkänen. "Comparison of Colilert-18 with miniaturised most probable number method for monitoring of Escherichia coli in bathing water." Journal of Water and Health 14, no. 1 (2015): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2015.071.

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The purpose of this equivalence study was to compare an alternative method, Colilert-18 Quanti-Tray (ISO 9308-2) with the European bathing water directive (2006/7/EC) reference method, the miniaturised most probable number (MMPN) method (ISO 9308-3), for the analysis of Escherichia coli. Six laboratories analysed a total of 263 bathing water samples in Finland. The comparison was carried out according to ISO 17994:2004. The recovery of E. coli using the Colilert-18 method was 7.0% and 8.6% lower than that of the MMPN method after 48 hours and 72 hours of incubation, respectively. The confirmat

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