Artículos de revistas: "Window shades"

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Luecke, G. R. y J. Slaughter. "Design, Development, and Testing of an Automated Window Shade Controller". Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 117, n.º 4 (1 de noviembre de 1995): 326–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2847872.

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An approach to the design of active window shades is developed to control the direct solar gain through a window. Using simple actuation hardware and sensors, a control strategy is presented that automatically adjusts window shades to save HVAC energy by controlling direct solar radiation passing through a window. The control algorithm is based on a simple approach that admits direct light in the winter and blocks the direct light in the summer, while providing shade adjustment that affords maximum visibility through the window. Cloudy skies or indirect sun result in horizontal placement of the shades, and the shades close at night. The implementation uses two thinfilm photovoltaic cells as sensors and a control algorithm that is independent of the window orientation, latitude, or solar time, so that it operates properly in any installation location. Preliminary analytic and test results show significant energy savings when the automatic window shades are compared with a window without shades, and with a window outfitted with fixed horizontal shades.

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2

Heidari Matin, Negar, Ali Eydgahi y Payam Matin. "The Effect of Smart Colored Windows on Visual Performance of Buildings". Buildings 12, n.º 6 (20 de junio de 2022): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060861.

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The photochromic coating is a promising smart technology that provides different optical properties in response to daylight variations. The application of photochromic coatings with various colors/shades on window glass is one of the current research approaches for finding better energy saving techniques. The aim of this study was to develop a series of photochromic coatings for window glass and measure the impact of such smart technologies on occupants’ visual comfort. This paper examines the visual performance of building facades that utilize windows with different photochromic-coated glass. The visual performance data of three window types coated with nine different photochromic color shades were considered and compared to determine the best photochromic shades and window types that provide optimum visual metrics for the inside of the building. The results show that compared to no-coating glass, both the Daylight Glare Probability and the Useful Daylight Illuminance could be improved by using multi-color coatings that contain equal or different color proportions for photochromic window glass. From an energy-saving point of view, the results indicate that the windows coated with photochromic materials provide a better alternative to the no-coating window products.

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3

Huchuk, Brent, H. Burak Gunay, William O'Brien y Cynthia A. Cruickshank. "Model-based predictive control of office window shades". Building Research & Information 44, n.º 4 (9 de noviembre de 2015): 445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2016.1101949.

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4

Refahi, Amirhossein, Hossein Talkhabi, Abolfazl Rostami y Abolfazl Hajizadeh Aghdam. "Technical feasibility study of the integration of the solar photovoltaic system for a hospital: a case study of Qom City, Iran". Future Energy 3, n.º 1 (15 de febrero de 2024): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55670/fpll.fuen.3.1.1.

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The purpose of the study is to investigate the overall effect of photovoltaic (PV) systems located on the roof and window shades on reducing the amount of heating and cooling energy consumption of a hospital in Qom, Iran. The use of solar panels on the roof and windows, in addition to producing Electric power and reduction of electricity consumption, causes shadows on the roof and windows. The created shadow can reduce the energy consumption of heating and cooling systems in particular. In addition, the electrical energy obtained from the solar panels can be used for the purpose of using the hospital lighting system. The thermal simulation for a six-story hospital with an area of 5000 thousand square meters in Qom, located in Iran, was modeled by the Energy Plus simulation engine. Given that 80% of the roof can be used for solar panels. The obtained results show that the use of photovoltaic systems on the roof and window shades can save cooling energy consumption by 18% per year and 32% in summer. In addition, the use of solar panels saves 15% of the electric energy consumption of the fan coil and 30% of the chillers.

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5

Onders, Bridget, Eun Hye Kim, Thitphalak Chounthirath, Nichole L. Hodges y Gary A. Smith. "Pediatric Injuries Related to Window Blinds, Shades, and Cords". Pediatrics 141, n.º 1 (11 de diciembre de 2017): e20172359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-2359.

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6

Park, Kyuin, Sungho Jin y Gunwoo Kim. "Transparent window film with embedded nano-shades for thermoregulation". Construction and Building Materials 269 (febrero de 2021): 121280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121280.

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7

Ananna, Chemseddine, David Rapagnani, Andreas Best, Antonino Di Leva y Gianluca Imbriani. "The SHADES neutron detection array". EPJ Web of Conferences 260 (2022): 11043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202226011043.

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The detection of neutrons in low energy astrophysics poses two main problems: low cross section measurement requires high detection efficiency and ideally, beam-induced and external neutron backgrounds should be identified through an energy sensitive detector. In recent years, capture-gated neutron spectroscopy has found new opportunities to grow through new materials and better availability of modern data acquisition systems. In this work we will present the design, expected capabilities and preliminary characterization of the hybrid neutron detector array SHADES. Its purpose is the first direct measurement of the reaction 22Ne(α, n)25Mg in the Gamow window for s-process nucleosynthesis with LUNA-MV in the deep underground environment of the LNGS.

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8

Poos, L. R. y R. M. Smith. "‘Shades Still on the Window’: A Reply to Zvi Razi". Law and History Review 3, n.º 2 (1985): 409–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/743636.

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English manorial-court documentation, in many respects unique among European countries for its information pertaining to the bulk of rural dwellers in the middle ages, has long provided the most voluminous evidence for studying many aspects of medieval society. We have no doubt that it will continue to do so; yet, as the metaphorical title of our original essay was intended to convey, the ‘window’ through which we may view this society has finite dimensions. It was our intention to suggest some ways in which these dimensions can be more clearly understood. At its most basic level, then, our concern was with one of the most fundamental questions of legal as well as social history: the relationship between the scope of a legal arena's purview and the society in which that arena operated. Our focus was, however, squarely upon Zvi Razi's attempts at demographic inference from the Halesowen court material because he has made the boldest claims to date for the ability of manorial courts’ recorded transactions to reflect the whole of their communities’ populations and activities.

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9

Tennakoon, Thilhara, Yin-Hoi Chan, Ka-Chung Chan, Chili Wu, Christopher Yu-Hang Chao y Sau-Chung Fu. "Energy Performance and Comfort Analysis of Three Glazing Materials with Distinct Thermochromic Responses as Roller Shade Alternative in Cooling- and Heating-Dominated Climates". Buildings 14, n.º 4 (19 de abril de 2024): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14041157.

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Thermochromic (TC) smart windows are a leading passive building design strategy. Vanadium dioxide (VO2), hydrogel and TC-Perovskite glazing, which constitute the main categories of TC materials, modulate different wavelength regions. Although numerous studies have reported on these TC glazings’ energy-saving potential individually, there is a lack of data comparing their energy efficiencies. Moreover, their suitability as an alternative to dynamic solar shading mechanisms remains unexplored. Using building energy simulation, this study found that a hydrogel glazing with broadband thermochromism can save more energy (22–24% savings on average) than opaque roller shades (19–20%) in a typical office in both New York and Hong Kong. VO2 glazing performed comparably to translucent roller shades (14–16% savings), except when used in poorly daylit conditions. TC-Perovskite was a poor replacement for roller shades (~2% savings). The window-to-wall ratio (WWR) that allowed both energy savings and optimal natural light penetration was also identified for each glazing. Hydrogel glazing demonstrated both energy and daylight efficiency in Hong Kong’s cooling-dominated climate when used in 40–50% WWR configurations. In New York’s colder conditions, VO2 glazing did so for higher WWRs (50–70%). Roller shades could also achieve simultaneous energy savings and visual comfort, but only for highly glazed facades (up to 80%).

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10

Yao, Jian. "IDENTIFYING OCCUPANTS' APPROPRIATE SEATING POSITION AND VIEW DIRECTION IN OFFICE BUILDINGS: A STOCHASTIC SHADE CONTROL BASED MULTIOBJECTIVE VISUAL COMFORT OPTIMIZATION". Journal of Green Building 15, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2020): 15–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.15.1.15.

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ABSTRACT Manually operated solar shades have a significant impact on indoor visual comfort. This research investigates occupants' appropriate seating position and view direction in a west-facing office cell using a previously developed shade behavior model. The non-dominant sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) based Multi-objective optimization was adopted to identify the optimal and near optimal solutions. Daylight and glare index were used as two visual comfort objectives for optimization and robustness of optimization results against shade behavior uncertainty that was analyzed using statistical analysis. Results show that near optimal solutions can be used instead of the optimal one since they provide more flexibility in seating positions while maintaining almost the same visual comfort performance. And thus, the appropriate seating position considering occupants' preference is 1.5m away from the external window with two view directions near parallel to the window for west-facing office rooms.

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Yao, Jian. "EFFECT OF A NOVEL INTERNAL ROLLER SHADING SYSTEM ON ENERGY PERFORMANCE". Journal of Green Building 9, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2014): 125–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618-9.4.125.

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The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of movable solar shading on energy performance in subtropical regions of China. An office building retrofitted with a novel internal roller shading system consisting of two shading layers was selected to carry out field measurements and numerous computer simulations were conducted in order to quantify the energy saving performance of this solar shading system, which was further compared with commonly used Low-E windows and regular fabric roller shades. The results show that the solar transmittance ratio is only 1.3% to 7% depending on used solar shading layers in summer and there is almost no negative impact on heating season in winter. The room base temperature reduction ranges from 4–14°C in summer, indicating a significant indoor thermal performance improvement. Meanwhile, the total energy saving for this shading system is 26.06%, 24.42% and over 50%, respectively, compared to Low-E windows, fabric roller shades and the bare window case. Thus, this novel solar shading system is a high energy saving measure and can be widely used in a subtropical zone.

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12

Dabbagh, M. y M. Krarti. "Energy performance of switchable window insulated shades for US residential buildings". Journal of Building Engineering 43 (noviembre de 2021): 102584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102584.

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13

BOLOORCHI, Fatemeh. "Analyzing the energy analysis tool (The Autodesk Insight 360) of BIM during the early stages of the design process in terms of window factors in a single-family house". Logistics, Supply Chain, Sustainability and Global Challenges 13, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2022): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jlst-2023-0004.

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Abstract In designing eco-buildings, windows play a big part in minimizing the energy load. There has not been any easy-to-use software to speed up the process, even after many recent studies about environment-friendly window size, shading, position, and material. Thus, a single-family house with simple geometry in Kvemelto karti, Georgia, was simulated to introduce an alternative method to manage this gap. A building information model (BIM) was devised for this procedure through Autodesk Revit® due to its simplicity, popularity, interoperability and convenience among its users. Not to mention, the energy analysis tool (The Autodesk Insight 360) in Revit (BEM) displays the total energy load while, in this case, focusing on window size, position, material, and shading executed by Autodesk Green Building Studio®. The early energy analysis (the optimum window-to-wall ratio (WWR), the windows’ location in the wall, material, and shading) suggested by BEM does not give enough information to apply in the early stages of design and create a net-zero-energy building. The aim is to show the gap between data-driven from BEM and design strategies and to display the information required to be more detailed. For this purpose, after using Insight 360 (a web-based tool) for investigating window shades, material, and WWR, it has been concluded that there is a need for a more convenient way to automate the process in more depth. They could help to pick a viable widow shading, size, position, and material. Besides, choosing determined factors using just BEM is not practical because detailed characteristics of window factors as determining elements are not defined. This tool has its limitations.

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14

Chi, Doris A. "Design Adjustments For Daylighting and Visual Comfort in a Classroom with Conventional Shadings". Journal of Daylighting 11, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2024): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15627/jd.2024.10.

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This paper evaluates how design adjustments applied to roller shades and louvres (namely the height of the shadings head and the angles of the louvre slats) can improve their annual and spatial effectiveness to provide autonomous daylight levels, reduce daylight glare problems, and offer views outside. The strategies were analogous to the rule of thumb that relates the window head height with the depth of daylight penetration. Climate-based daylight simulations were performed to calculate the Useful Daylight Illuminance, spatial Disturbing Glare, and View Factors in a classroom located at a 19° latitude. Temporal maps were included to assess the shadings’ performance not only over space but also over time. Results showed that roller shades performed better when they were applied letting the top of the window clear. On the contrary, louvres performed better when they covered the entire glazing. It is concluded that simple design adjustments can greatly improve the daylight and visual performance in buildings.

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15

Yao, Jian. "Energy uncertainty of manual solar shades for different window-to-wall ratios". Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering 18, n.º 6 (2 de noviembre de 2019): 575–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2019.1696205.

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16

Rapagnani, David. "s-process Nuclear Reaction Rates". EPJ Web of Conferences 290 (2023): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202329003001.

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In stars the 13C(α, n)16O and 22Ne(α, n)25Mg reactions are the two main sources of neutrons for the so-called slow neutron capture process (s-process), which is one of the main mechanisms for the stellar synthesis of heavy elements. About 13C(α, n)16O, in despite of many efforts in measuring its cross section at the lower energies, only high uncertainty data above the s-process Gamow window (150 keV < Ecm < 230 keV) were available, due mostly to the difficulties on suppress the natural background. Indeed, only recently the LUNA collaboration performed high precision underground measurements of the reaction cross section inside the Gamow window, improving the accuracy of its extrapolation at the lower energies. Again due to natural background, only upper limits for the 22Ne(α, n)25Mg reaction cross section are currently known in the s-process Gamow window (450 keV < Ecm < 750 keV). For this, the ERC founded project SHADES (Unina/INFN) aims to perform high precision and high sensitivity measurements of the 22Ne(α, n)25Mg reaction cross section down to the neutron threshold. A sensitivity improvement of at least two orders of magnitude over the state of the art is expected thanks to the low natural background environment of the INFN-LNGS laboratory in Italy, the high beam current of the new LUNAMV accelerator and the Beam Induced Background events suppression performed by SHADES hybrid detectors array. In this paper I will present the LUNA efforts to estimate nuclear reaction rates for 13C(α, n)16O, with a focus on the R-Matrix analysis performed with the code AZURE2 to extrapolate nuclear reaction rates at stellar energies and the estimate of their uncertainty through Monte Carlo methods. I will also present an overview of the SHADES project to measure 22Ne(α, n)25Mg in the Gamow window and the first results on the setup commissioning.

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17

Akmal, Muhammad y Annisa Syafitri Kurniasetiawati. "INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF WINDOW SHADES TYPE ON THE OTTV IN U COLLEGE BUILDING OF BANDUNG STATE POLYTECHNIC". AUSTENIT 15, n.º 2 (31 de octubre de 2023): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.53893/austenit.v15i2.7064.

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The U building is the college building for the Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, Bandung State Polytechnic. However, during the afternoon teaching, the third floor is often complained of feeling hot and disrupting the teaching and learning process. This is caused by the size of the window on the third floor is too large and does not use any shade. This research was conducted to determine the OTTV value of the existing U Building and then investigate the potential for improving the OTTV value by changing window glass materials or adding shading such as window film. This study used primary and secondary data collection methods. The primary data consisted of: building dimensions, glass dimensions, door dimensions, ambient temperature, inside temperature, wall and glass surface temperatures, and glass types. Meanwhile, some secondary data, namely building U as built drawings, wall specifications, and glass specifications used. It was found that the existing OTTV value of the Lecture U Building reached 39.78 W/m2 where this value was above the SNI 03-6389 2011 standard. By investigating the installation of shading such as window film and double glass it was possible to minimize the building's OTTV value to 36.78 W/m2 for window film and 33.86 W/m2 for the addition of double glass accompanied by window film.

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Villalba, Ayelén, Erica Correa, Julieta Yamín y Andrea Pattini. "Effect of Roller Shades on Chromaticity and Colour Rendering Performance of Transmitted Daylight". Journal of Daylighting 9, n.º 1 (29 de enero de 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15627/jd.2022.1.

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Several studies have focused on the performance of roller shades in terms of glare, outdoor vision, daylight availability and energy performance. Currently, other parameters linked to visual amenity, such as chromaticity and colour rendition, are becoming relevant. When solar radiation passes through a window, it changes its spectral composition due to the presence of the solar shading system and the glazing. Against this background, the present study focuses on the spectral transmittance of eleven woven screen fabrics and its influence on the chromaticity and colour rendition. Results show that dark-coloured woven screen shades provide higher correlated colour temperature (CCT) values (range 6470 K - 6479 K) and therefore would produce “cooler” visual environments, while light-coloured woven screen shades provide lower CCT values (range 5210 K - 5644 K) creating “warmer” visual environments. Regarding colour rendering metrics, the light transmitted through all the studied woven shades shows excellent colour rendition. Finally, it is concluded that the combined analysis of optical properties, spectral data and its impact on parameters that determine the quality of lighting in an interior space enables an understanding of woven screens performance, which results in the possibility of taking appropriate decisions when selecting woven shades.

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19

Kim, Ho-Jeong, Chang-Seok Yang y Hyeun Jun Moon. "A Study on Multi-Objective Parametric Design Tool for Surround-Type Movable Shading Device". Sustainability 11, n.º 24 (11 de diciembre de 2019): 7096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247096.

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This study presents a multi-objective parametric design tool for four-axis surround-type movable shading device using solar position tracking in Seoul, South Korea. In order to explore large numbers of possible forms of shades, generic algorithms are utilized with real-time simulation of the performative criteria such as solar radiation, daylight glare probability (DGP), and solar shielding rate on window surface. This study outlines a workflow using a multi-objective engine called Octopus that runs within Grasshopper 3D, a parametric design tool, in addition to environmental performance simulation plug-in Ladybug. The workflow utilizes a performance-based design tool, which allows the designer to explore, sort, and filter solutions, and visually compare alternative solutions in terms of energy saving and indoor daylight quality in order to determine the optimal form of shade changing its shape every one hour. The result of deriving and analyzing the optimal shade shape through the genetic algorithm proposed in this study is as follows: On the one hand, on the summer solstice, shade shapes with shielding areas of almost 100% should be derived to achieve the most effective reduction of the direct solar radiation. The proposed movable shading device reduced direct solar radiation by 52.40% and 57.20% in the south- and east-facing windows, respectively. On the other hand, in winter when solar heat gain is important, the absence of sunshade is optimal in terms of heating load. However, in order to improve the indoor light environment, it is confirmed that it is possible to derive a certain shape of sunshade according to the sun’s trajectory. On the winter solstice, the problem of glare arises from 10:00 to 15:00 in the south and 10:00 in the east. Therefore, the proposed four-axis movable shading device can be configured to have a minimum protrusion length satisfying DGP less than 0.35 in winter.

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Konstantzos, Iason, Athanasios Tzempelikos y Ying-Chieh Chan. "Experimental and simulation analysis of daylight glare probability in offices with dynamic window shades". Building and Environment 87 (mayo de 2015): 244–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.02.007.

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Konstantzos, Iason, Ying-Chieh Chan, Julia C. Seibold, Athanasios Tzempelikos, Robert W. Proctor y J. Brent Protzman. "View clarity index: A new metric to evaluate clarity of view through window shades". Building and Environment 90 (agosto de 2015): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.04.005.

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Konstantzos, Iason y Athanasios Tzempelikos. "Daylight glare evaluation with the sun in the field of view through window shades". Building and Environment 113 (febrero de 2017): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.09.009.

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23

Kunwar, Niraj y Mahabir Bhandari. "A Comprehensive Analysis of Energy and Daylighting Impact of Window Shading Systems and Control Strategies on Commercial Buildings in the United States". Energies 13, n.º 9 (11 de mayo de 2020): 2401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092401.

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Commercial buildings consume approximately 1.9 EJ of energy in the United States, 50% of which is for heating, cooling, and lighting applications. It is estimated that windows contribute up to 34% of the energy used for heating and cooling. However, window retrofits are not often undertaken to increase energy efficiency because of the high cost and disruptive nature of window installation. Highly efficient window technologies would also need shading devices for glare prevention and visual comfort. An automated window shading system with an appropriate control strategy is a technology that can reduce energy demand, maintain occupant comfort, and enhance the aesthetics and privacy of the built environment. However, the benefits of the automated shades currently used by the shading industry are not well studied. The topic merits an analysis that will help building owners, designers and engineers, and utilities make informed decisions using knowledge of the impact of this technology on energy consumption, peak demand, daylighting, and occupant comfort. This study uses integrated daylight and whole-building energy simulation to evaluate the performance of various control strategies that the shading industry uses in commercial office buildings. The analysis was performed for three different vintages of medium office buildings at six different locations in United States. The results obtained show the control strategies enabled cooling energy savings of up to 40% using exterior shading, and lighting energy savings of up to 25%. The control strategies described can help building engineers and researchers explore different control methods used to control shading in actual buildings but rarely discussed in the literature. This information will give researchers the opportunity to investigate potential improvements in current technologies and their performance.

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TM, Sanjeev Kumar, CP Kurian y S. Shetty. "A data-driven approach for the control of a daylight–artificial light integrated scheme". Lighting Research & Technology 52, n.º 2 (4 de junio de 2019): 292–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153519841104.

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This paper presents a data analytics model-based predictive control approach for a daylight–artificial light integrated scheme. The essential data are collected from an automated test room with dimmable LED luminaires and motorized Venetian blinds. This study considered machine learning techniques to develop a novel control strategy for all the four-window orientations for maintaining comfort and energy conservation. The shades are operated one at a time, and the annual data collected were used to develop the predictive models. The irradiance, altitude, temperature and daylight on the window are the predictors, and the blind position is the response variable to establish the models for the windows on all four sides of the test room. The standard support vector regression, Bayesian support vector regression and Gaussian process regression models are analysed in comparison with the baseline model. The luminaire dimming control signals generated using the predicted optimum blind position and exterior illuminance based on a building information illuminance model is commissioned for a given room. This approach mainly concentrated on the implementation of an industrial-level product by reducing the computational complexity of the rule-based blind positioning system. At present, the models are in a reconfigurable embedded WiFi-enabled operating system.

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Horn, Valéria V., Annamária Dudás y Anita Terjék. "The Role of Façades in Solar Energy Utilization". Buildings 10, n.º 11 (19 de noviembre de 2020): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10110209.

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During the summer, the environmental impact of building operations can be reduced by optimizing ventilation and preventing heat from entering the building. Shades are used to create a comfortable temperature state in interiors without operating mechanical equipment or using low-power systems. The most significant factor in reducing energy consumption would be if the spatial delimitation of buildings utilizes solar energy in a passive or active way. At the same time, limiting the energy entering through windows reduces the temperature of interiors and the amount of energy used for cooling; thus, the phenomenon of the urban heat island would be less exacerbated. In the case of existing historical buildings, there are limited possibilities to reduce the energy consumption of the building and to protect the buildings against excessive summer heating, especially in connection with the structural appearance of the doors and windows on the façade. This paper presents the preparation of a large-scale reconstruction project based on a newly developed combined window that can significantly reduce indoor summer overheating. Designing steps of the complex retrofitting of a traditional box-type window are highlighted based on the results of closely connected literature pertaining to thermal, ventilation, shading, and acoustical phenomena. The result is a detailed structural and technological design of the reconstruction for the historical window in a combined way, as the frame, glazing, ventilation, and shading are simultaneously developed and calculated approximately; moreover, active shading is integrated. One aim of this desktop study was to demonstrate that in the case of historical buildings, it is possible and necessary to reduce heat losses during the heating season and to minimize the risk of summer overheating, and to show that the surface of the façade could be converted into an energy producer.

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26

Konstantzos, Iason, Michael Kim y Athanasios Tzempelikos. "An integrated method and web tool to assess visual environment in spaces with window shades". Science and Technology for the Built Environment 24, n.º 5 (marzo de 2018): 470–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23744731.2018.1438021.

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27

Abdelrahman Hamed Ebrahem Abdelhamed, Kah-Yoong Chan, Benedict Wen-Cheun Au, Gregory Soon How Thien, Pei-Ling Low, Yew-Keong Sin, Chu-Liang Lee y Wai-Leong Pang. "Electrochromic Properties of Sol-Gel Deposited Electrochromic TiO2 Thin Films". Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 31, n.º 2 (19 de julio de 2023): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.31.2.7180.

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Electrochromic (EC) smart windows are a type of glass window that can change from transparent to darker colour shades when a small voltage is applied. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) can be utilised as an EC material for EC smart windows. Although the TiO2 sol-gel spin-coating method is commonly used, the effect of the number of TiO2 layers was not reported. Thus, this paper investigates the effect of the number of TiO2 layers. The increasing number of TiO2 film layers demonstrated a noticeable increase in the thin films ‘anodic and cathodic diffusion coefficient, particularly with 11 TiO2 layers. Additionally, the colouration and bleaching time was revealed to have a low correlation as the number of layers increased. Nonetheless, the lower number of TiO2 layers resulted in lower colouring transmittance. Comparatively, the colouration efficiency for all films did not exhibit any significant change. Hence this study on the effect of the TiO2 layering technique can open a new pathway in understanding the EC properties of TiO2-based EC devices.

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Carlier, Remy, Mohammad Dabbagh y Moncef Krarti. "Energy Performance of Integrated Wall and Window Switchable Insulated Systems for Residential Buildings". Energies 15, n.º 3 (31 de enero de 2022): 1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15031056.

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In this paper, the energy benefits of switchable insulation systems (SIS) are assessed when applied as shades for windows as well as dynamic insulation for exterior walls of residential buildings located in European countries including Belgium and Spain. A series of analyses is performed for detached houses and apartments representing common Belgian residential buildings to determine the energy performance of SIS when deployed to windows and exterior walls and operated using simplified rule-based controls. The analysis results indicate that SIS-integrated windows can achieve significant energy savings for both dwelling types in Belgium, including the elimination of any mechanical cooling and a reduction of up to 44% of heating energy end-use. Moreover, the results show that SIS can offer even more energy efficiency and thermal comfort benefits when deployed to both windows and exterior walls for residential buildings. These energy efficiency benefits are higher, especially for reducing heating needs, for the milder climates of Belgium and Spain. However, it should be noted that the energy performance of SIS could be affected substantially by windows’ orientation and occupants’ behavior.

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Patil, Monali K., Nandini Chaudhari, B. V. Pawar y Ram Bhavsar. "Developing a Hybrid model with Shades of Sentiment for Understanding Teenagers’ Academic Distraction Problems". SAMRIDDHI : A Journal of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology 14, n.º 04 (31 de diciembre de 2022): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18090/samriddhi.v14i04.15.

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In recent years, many techniques have come up in the field of sentiment analysis. In the field of the medical domain, sentiment analysis has been used for the areas like information retrieval, feedback analysis, dialogue conversation, and review analysis. Psychological analysis through the window of sentiment analysis is still unfolded area. We have designed and developed a hybrid computational model that maps teenagers’ sentiments to their behavioral patterns and academic distraction problems. We have also developed a sentiment shaded lexicon which defines the ontology for various shades of sentiment with the help of Bling Liu’s positive and negative word dictionary. We have used a semantic lexicon-based approach and a rule-based classifier in our hybrid computational model. Rules are applied to user-input text, which teenagers write. We have extracted sentiments expressed in the user input text and we have also achieved to identify academic distraction problems of teenagers. We have computed the performance metrics of the model on 155 samples, randomly collected from teenagers (age group 13-19 years). We have computed accuracy at two stages, first at the sentiment extraction stage and second at the final output level. The error analysis is also presented in this paper. After working on error analysis, our model has achieved an accuracy of 90% for sentiment extraction and 87% for derived academic distraction problems.

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Tan, Yutong, Jinqing Peng, Charlie Curcija, Rongxin Yin, Lu Deng y Youming Chen. "Study on the impact of window shades’ physical characteristics and opening modes on air conditioning energy consumption in China". Energy and Built Environment 1, n.º 3 (julio de 2020): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2020.03.002.

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Tzempelikos, Athanasios y Ying-Chieh Chan. "Estimating detailed optical properties of window shades from basic available data and modeling implications on daylighting and visual comfort". Energy and Buildings 126 (agosto de 2016): 396–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.05.038.

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Brandão, Pedro I. y João C. G. Lanzinha. "Precast Concrete Building Construction and Envelope Thermal Behavior: A Case Study on Portuguese Public Social Housing". CivilEng 2, n.º 2 (9 de abril de 2021): 271–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/civileng2020015.

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A considerable part of Southern European countries building stock was constructed before the implementation of national thermal regulations, and as such, it is currently exposed to challenges such as energy poverty and climate change. Portuguese public social housing presents a significant variety of construction systems and applied typologies. Among them, the “Novobra NK1”, a precast concrete construction system that exploits some innovative features in envelope components, has been used in several projects. Considering the importance of retrofitting to improve and adapt the thermal behaviors of buildings to face the aforementioned challenges, this article aims to provide an understanding of the behavior of a NK1 thermal envelope of a dwelling located in Covilhã, Portugal, and the impact of some constructive envelope retrofit measures applied. Results show that existing opaque envelope elements and glazed areas present characteristics that are no longer able to provide proper responses to contemporary building constructive requirements. External insulation was identified as a key retrofit measure, window replacement also being an advised solution for rigorous heating seasons. Improvements from the internal side of windows, such as roller shades, may provide few benefits during cooling seasons, and applying solar films is not advised without a proper thermal repercussion analysis.

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Taylor, Richard. "The Potential of Biophilic Fractal Designs to Promote Health and Performance: A Review of Experiments and Applications". Sustainability 13, n.º 2 (15 de enero de 2021): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020823.

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Fractal objects are prevalent in natural scenery. Their repetition of patterns at increasingly fine magnifications creates a rich complexity. Fractals displaying mid-range complexity are the most common and include trees, clouds, and mountains. The “fractal fluency” model states that human vision has adapted to process these mid-range fractals with ease. I will first discuss fractal fluency and demonstrate how it enhances the observer’s visual capabilities by focusing on experiments that have important practical consequences for improving the built environment. These enhanced capabilities generate an aesthetic experience and physiological stress reduction. I will discuss strategies for integrating fractals into building designs to induce positive impacts on the observer. Examples include fractal solar panels, fractal window shades, and fractal floor patterns. These applications of fractal fluency represent a fundamental and potentially impactful form of salutogenesis.

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Grujic, Marija y Jasna Kavran. "Daylight utilisation potentials of highly glazed individual office spaces in Belgrade climate condition". Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 4 (2018): 1105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170531224g.

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Office buildings have high standards for lighting requirements, which greatly contribute to high lighting energy consumption. Daylight utilization is one of the means to reduce it. The goal of this paper is to evaluate daylight utilization potentials in Belgrade climate in order to generate initial design guideline for highly glazed small, individual office spaces. Daylight availability and its lighting energy implications are analyzed using computer simulation tool DIVA for Rhino. Selected individual office space is modelled as a narrow rectangular space, sidelit and highly glazed. Parametric analysis was carried out for: four different glazing ratios (50, 60, 70, and 85%), four glazing types with different visible transmittance properties (80, 72, 62, and 54%), and four different major orientations. Since this analysis is evaluating daylight utilization potentials, no shades or external obstructions were considered. The major results of this study indicate high potential for daylight utilization in office buildings in Belgrade. Daylight utilization in single offices is reaching its maximum in model with 70% window-to-wall ratio for all office orientations except north orientation, where daylight utilization is reaching its maximum at maximum window-to-wall ratio. Also, north orientated spaces have highest benefits from utilization of useful diffuse daylight. Direct sunlight and size and shape of fa?ade aperture above working plane are determining factors for utilization of daylight in office spaces.

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Nezamdoost, Amir, Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg y Alen Mahic. "Assessing the energy and daylighting impacts of human behavior with window shades, a life-cycle comparison of manual and automated blinds". Automation in Construction 92 (agosto de 2018): 133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2018.03.033.

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Nurulla, Shaik, D. V. Purushotham, M. S. Yuvaraj y S. Kiran Sai. "Energy Efficient Design for a Conventional Building using BIM Tools". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1280, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2023): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1280/1/012030.

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Abstract Nowadays, energy has become a key player in the AEC industry because of the increase in global warming and energy crisis. Due to global warming the consumption of energy has increased enormously in buildings. The no. of buildings have grown in tandem with rise in levels of urbanization in developing & developed countries, which in return rises the bar for energy consumption. The improved energy performance of the building is significantly influenced by both interior and exterior building factors. It is preferred to perform energy analysis in the design stage of the building. The current paper is the talks about the energy model by improving the design of a conventional buildings, an energy – efficient model is been created which uses less energy and reduces its carbon footprint. Energy analysis using BIM can be used to optimize the building’s design and identify opportunities for improvement, such as implementing energy-saving technologies, improving insulation and air tightness, and reducing energy loss through window frames, it’s glazing type and also redesigning the other parameters including HVAC types, Window shades, change in orientation etc. In the earlier, the conventional model to produce energy through renewable sources like solar and wind, and incorporate them into the building’s design. Thus, obtained results after analysis can be used to take design decisions and ensure the building meets energy efficiency standards and sustainability goals. The use of BIM in the design and analysis of energy-efficient buildings can help support the transition to a low-carbon, sustainable future.

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Bazazzadeh, Hassan, Barbara Świt-Jankowska, Nasim Fazeli, Adam Nadolny, Behnaz Safar ali najar, Seyedeh sara Hashemi safaei y Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad. "Efficient Shading Device as an Important Part of Daylightophil Architecture; a Designerly Framework of High-Performance Architecture for an Office Building in Tehran". Energies 14, n.º 24 (8 de diciembre de 2021): 8272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248272.

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(1) Background: considering multiple, and somehow conflicting, design objectives can potentially make achieving a high-performance design a complex task to perform. For instance, shading devices can dramatically affect the building performance in various ways, such as energy consumption and daylight. This paper introduces a novel procedure for designing shading devices as an integral part of daylightophil architecture for office buildings by considering daylight and energy performance as objectives to be optimal. (2) Methods: to address the topic, a three-step research method was used. Firstly, three different window shades (fixed and dynamic) were modeled, one of which was inspired by traditional Iranian structures, as the main options for evaluation. Secondly, each option was evaluated for energy performance and daylight-related variables in critical days throughout the year in terms of climatic conditions and daylight situations (equinoxes and solstices including 20 March, 21 June, 22 September, and 21 December). Finally, to achieve a reliable result, apart from the results of the comparison of three options, all possible options for fixed and dynamic shades were analyzed through a multi-objective optimization to compare fixed and dynamic options and to find the optimal condition for dynamic options at different times of the day. (3) Results: through different stages of analysis, the findings suggest that, firstly, dynamic shading devices are more efficient than fixed shading devices in terms of energy efficiency, occupants’ visual comfort, and efficient use of daylight (roughly 10%). Moreover, through analyzing dynamic shading devices in different seasons and different times of the year, the optimal form of this shading device was determined. The results indicate that considering proper shading devices can have a significant improvement on achieving high-performance architecture in office buildings. This implies good potential for daylightophil architecture, but would require further studies to be confirmed as a principle for designing office buildings.

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Kim, Huilim y IN SOK YEO. "Goldstein's Patientology based on his Brain-Injury Research". Korean Association for Philosophy of Medicine 35 (30 de junio de 2023): 135–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54685/phiom.2023.35.135.

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Goldstein, a German neurologist and physician, devoted his professional life to treating numerous patients with brain injuries. Among these was Schneider, a World War I veteran, who was unable to utter an abstract sentence as simple as “The snow is black.” Goldstein observed another patient who could intricately draw a church window from memory, but failed to produce a simple square. Likewise, some patients could discern various colors but struggled to categorize similar shades and assign them correct names. For Goldstein, these patients’ predicaments were not merely physical or chemical deviations from a normal condition. Instead, they became patients due to a shrinkage in their world, making them heavily dependent on environmental stimuli and limiting their response spectrum. According to Goldstein, a normal, healthy state involves the ability to think abstractly and categorically, maintain some detachment from the milieu's stimuli, and not be solely bound by its concrete demands. Within this framework, Goldstein strived to help patients grappling with pathological conditions to lead the most fulfilling lives possible in their shrunken world. His philosophy of medicine paves the way for the study of “patientology,” an ontological exploration of the state of being a patient. This ontological approach to understanding the inherent potential of humans becoming patients offers deep insights into our contemporary medical environment, where individuals may live significant portions of their lives in hospital settings.

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Erfani Moghaddam, M. A. y I. Konstantzos. "Towards a novel intelligent and fully interactive IoT framework for residential buildings". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2600, n.º 7 (1 de noviembre de 2023): 072009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2600/7/072009.

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Abstract Intelligent operation of buildings plays a crucial role in enhancing energy efficiency, especially in commercial buildings. However, residential buildings suffer from lack of management in energy consumption, contributing to global carbon emissions. Challenges include limited autonomous features, lack of scalability, and costly existing solutions. This paper presents a preliminary study toward the realization of a universal, scalable, and low-cost residential control framework to improve energy performance and reduce the cost of existing building retrofitting approaches. The residential system in its envisioned form may include thermostat, dimming, shading, and window-opening controls. For this study, a preliminary simulation-based investigation of a typical house in multiple climates is performed. To this end, the occupancy profiles data to layout different levels of automation of thermostats and shades have been employed, proposing 3 levels based on a variety of thermostat setpoints and shading. Data from the American Time Use Survey is utilized to inform occupancy and form the integrated automatic control strategy. This approach paves the way for building management systems in homes that integrate IoT-enabled devices for seamless operation, supporting decarbonization and creating interactive and smart buildings. The results showed that from 15% up to 70% reduction in heating and cooling loads are obtainable. This underscores the great potential of implementation of smart control systems in residential buildings.

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Sala, Andre. "Window shade". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 125, n.º 1 (2009): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3074455.

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41

Hu, Yuelian y Jing Zhuo. "Study on thermodynamic functions of traditional building windows based on characters". Thermal Science, n.º 00 (2020): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci200522251h.

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The indoor light environment of the building has an extremely important influence on its own use function, and there are many factors that affect the indoor light environment of the building, such as the surrounding environment of the building, the interior decoration of the building, and the design of the window. The window is used as the building envelope. An important part of the structure is responsible for lighting and ventilation to meet the requirements of the indoor environment. It exists as a lighting device for the building. The lighting performance of the windows not only meets people's requirements for living comfort, but also consumes energy in the building. It will have a very important impact. A variety of window shapes start from different functional needs. The comprehensive use of these window shapes by traditional buildings together creates its unique thermodynamic function. This article analyzes cold regions based on the analysis method of thermodynamic functions. Solar heat gain from traditional building windows.

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42

Odim, Odim O. "An Assessment of Comfort Levels of Buildings with Shaded and Non-Shaded Windows in Warm Humid Climates". Advanced Materials Research 772 (septiembre de 2013): 835–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.772.835.

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Thermal comfort problems experienced in buildings in warm humid climates has been a major concern for designers in the environmental design specialty especially in Nigeria and other developing countries. This paper through controlled experiments studies the effect of window shading on indoor comfort levels of buildings exposed to warm humid climates. Experimental model buildings with shaded and non-shaded windows were constructed for this purpose. Comfort data were obtained from the buildings and meteorological stations including comfort parametric ranges. The data were analyzed with statistical tools involving the central tendency and dispersion. Hypotheses were tested. Results showed that window shading has significant effect on the comfort level of buildings and consequently energy usage.

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Farivar, Shiva y Shabnam Teimourtash. "Impact of Window Design on Dynamic Daylight Performance in an Office Building in Iran". Journal of Daylighting 10, n.º 1 (22 de marzo de 2023): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15627/jd.2023.3.

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Window design affects the building's appearance. Besides, it has a significant impact on daylight performance and the visual comfort of interior spaces. Therefore, choosing the shape and position of windows can be a challenge for architects. This research aims to investigate the impact of window design on dynamic daylight performance to enhance visual comfort. The research examines five common window shapes that are located in two different positions on the southern-facing side. The most common dynamic daylight metrics of LEED v4.1 were used to investigate the spatial daylight autonomy (sDA), and annual sunlight exposure (ASE). Furthermore, useful daylight illuminance (UDI) was considered a complementary approach to assess useful daylight levels. The metrics are examined in three cities including Mashhad, Isfahan, and Bandar Abbas, which are located in the northeast, center, and south of Iran, respectively. Thirty simulations in each city are conducted by Grasshopper Graphical editor as a parametric interface and its plugins, ladybug, and honeybee for dynamic daylight analysis. The results emphasize that window design has a significant impact on dynamic daylight performance. The square window meets the LEED needs in three cities by achieving maximum sDA and minimum ASE by up to 68.8% and 20% in both positions, respectively. Moreover, the centrally positioned square window presents the lowest ASE level of 14.4% among other cases. However, the windows in a higher position, especially horizontal windows obtain the highest values of sDA, UDI, and ASE by up to 77%, 59%, and 30%, respectively. Therefore, the ASE rates deteriorate by increasing the sill height and head height of windows. This paper can provide window design recommendations based on the comparison of dynamic daylight metrics for five common window shapes.

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Gabriel, Elaise, Giane de Campos Grigoletti, Gabriela Meller y Bruna Zambonato. "Daylight and energy performance of side lighting systems in an office room in a subtropical climate". PARC Pesquisa em Arquitetura e Construção 15 (18 de enero de 2024): e024003. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/parc.v15i00.8670676.

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In office buildings, daylight is an important natural resource, as it is profusely available during occupied hours. However, its use can increase energy consumption for air conditioning. Therefore, combining this resource with side lighting systems and promoting its integration with electric lighting is essential to obtain an energy balance. This paper aims to analyze daylight performance and the energy consumption for lighting and air conditioning considering four types of glazing, four orientations, from window-to-wall ratios varying between 40% to 100% for bare and shaded window models in an office room located in a subtropical city in southern Brazil. The methodology was based on Useful Daylight Illuminance levels of 500 to 2,500 lx, Daylight Autonomy levels of 500 lx, and total energy consumption through simulation in DesignBuilder software. The results showed that L13 glazing is not recommended for bare and shaded windows, regardless of window orientation. M76 presented the best performance for energy consumption for West shaded windows. For the West, shading is necessary irrespective of the glazing type (except L13, whose best performance is for bare windows) from WWR 50%. M76 and M52 had the lowest total energy consumption. The findings of this study add to an understanding of the energy savings and lighting performance of different types of glazing, combined with window apertures, and solar orientations for a subtropical climate. Furthermore, the study shows that the choice of glazing depends not only on the presence of shading but also on the orientation and WWR, without a linear behavior.

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Chan, Tran Ngoc, Pham Thi Hai Ha, Pham Van Luong y Nguyen Thi Khanh Phuong. "Method of assessing the reduction of solar heat on window surface shaded by continuous vertically slanted shading devices". Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - NUCE 15, n.º 3 (16 de agosto de 2021): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.nuce2021-15(3)-15.

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The research discusses calibration of the method used to calculate solar heat transfer through shaded windows with continuous vertical slanted shading devices (below is abbreviated as "vertical slanted fins") with any slant angle Θ through a radiation reduction coefficient - Kbt. In order to evaluate the reduction of solar heat on window surface shaded by shading devices, a designated coefficient β of solar heat gain reduction through glazed windows should be established. It is the ratio of the transmitted amount of solar heat (including direct and diffuse radiation) through windows with shading device QK to those without solar shading device QKo. The study also introduces two in-house software programs. These programs help calculating solar heat gain and coefficient β for vertically slanted fins with any slant angle θ for 16 window orientations. The results of this study will be applied to the implementation of the Vietnamese national code QCVN 09:2017/BXD towards energy efficiency in buildings.

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Kim, Seok-Hyun, Hakgeun Jeong y Soo Cho. "A Study on Changes of Window Thermal Performance by Analysis of Physical Test Results in Korea". Energies 12, n.º 20 (10 de octubre de 2019): 3822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203822.

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The interest in zero energy buildings is increasing in South Korea. Zero energy buildings need to save energy by using passive technology. The window performance is important to the thermal insulation of the building. Also, the government regulates the window performance through regulation and standards. However, it is difficult to predict window performance because the components of the window have become complicated due to the various materials used in the glass and frame. Based on window performance standards and regulations, the quality of window performance was managed. In this research, to consider thermal performance in proper window design in South Korea, we confirmed the impact on the thermal performance of the window through various kinds of materials and shapes. The authors also propose a window shape classification and frame calculation method based on actual test results. The authors analyzed the thermal performance data of the windows provided by the Korea Energy Agency and confirmed the change in the thermal performance of the windows by year and by frame material. The average U-value of the window decreased from 2012 to 2015 and maintained similar values until 2017. In 2018, this value was decreased to comply. Also, the authors confirmed the U-value of the windows through actual physical experiments and confirmed the change in thermal performance by the construction of the windows based on the results. The results show, in the case of aluminum windows, the U-value corresponding to Grade 3 (1.4–2.1 W/m2·K) was as high as about 60%. Regarding the analyzed results of the U-values of PVC windows, Grade 3 (U-value of 1.4–2.1 W/m2·K) accounted for about 35%, and Grade 2 (U-value of 1.0–1.4 W/m2·K) for about 29%. This paper also confirmed that the frame U-value of the PVC windows is lower than the frame U-value of the aluminum windows. Therefore, the authors proposed the performance index of the glazing part in PVC and aluminum window design. The results of this research can be used as basic data to identify problems in the method of determining the performance of windows in Korea.

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Belkacem, N., L. Loukarfi, M. Missoum, H. Naji, A. Khelil y M. Braikia. "Assessment of energy and environmental performances of a bioclimatic dwelling in Algeria's North". Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 38, n.º 1 (24 de septiembre de 2016): 64–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624416669554.

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Bioclimatic architecture strategies and solar active systems contribute strongly to the reduction of building energy demand and achieving thermal comfort for its occupants over the whole year. This paper deals with the study of the energy performance improvement of a pilot bioclimatic house located in Algiers (Algeria). First, a series of experimental measures are conducted during cold period to show the effect of passive and active solar gains on the improvement of the indoor air temperature of the house. Then, a dynamic model of a solar heating system coupled with a bioclimatic house has been developed using TRNSYS software and validated with experimental data. The validated model has been used to establish the energy balance of the pilot bioclimatic house without solar heating system and to compare them to those of a conventional house. Finally, the improvement of the energy balance of the pilot bioclimatic house has been done by passive and active ways. The passive one includes the increase of south facing windows size and the use of night cooling with the use of shading device in summer. The active one consists of the integration of a solar heating system. Furthermore, an environmental study has been performed. The experimental results show that the energy requirements of a pilot bioclimatic house are very low which is suitable for the use of solar heating system in building. The simulation results show that the application of bioclimatic strategies is a better way to provide thermal comfort in summer and decrease the space heating energy demand of the house with 48.70%. The active solar system will cover 67.74% of the energy demand for heating of the house. These energy savings generate a significant reduction in CO2 emissions. Practical application: This work will enable engineers and designers of modern buildings of buildings in a Mediterranean climate to improve building energy efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions by a conjunction of different passive heating and cooling techniques such as insulation, thermal mass, window shades, night ventilation, and the solar heating system. The paper provides designers an effective strategy in terms of energy savings and indoor thermal comfort while reducing CO2 emissions.

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Gürsakal, Necmi, Fırat Melih Yilmaz y Erginbay Uğurlu:. "Finding opportunity windows in time series data using the sliding window technique: The case of stock exchanges". Econometrics 24, n.º 3 (2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/eada.2020.3.01.

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Data have shapes, and human intelligence and perception have to classify the forms of data to understand and interpret them. This article uses a sliding window technique and the main aim is to answer two questions. Is there an opportunity window in time series of stock exchange index? The second question is how to find a way to use the opportunity window if there is one. The authors defined the term opportunity window as a window that is generated in the sliding window technique and can be used for forecasting. In analysis, the study determined the different frequencies and explained how to evaluate opportunity windows embedded using time series data for the S&P 500, the DJIA, and the Russell 2000 indices. As a result, for the S&P 500 the last days of the patterns 0111, 1100, 0011; for the DJIA the last days of the patterns 0101, 1001, 0011; and finally for the Russell 2000, the last days of the patterns 0100, 1001, 1100 are opportunity windows for prediction

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Baptista, Murilo S., Celso Grebogi y Ernest Barreto. "Topology of Windows in the High-Dimensional Parameter Space of Chaotic Maps". International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 13, n.º 09 (septiembre de 2003): 2681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127403008181.

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Periodicity is ubiquitous in nature. In this work, we analyze the dynamical reasons for which periodic windows, that appear in parameter space diagrams, have different shapes and structures. For that, we make use of a dynamical quantity, called spine — the skeleton of the window, in order to explain a conjecture that describes the presence of periodic windows in the parameter space of high-dimensional chaotic systems.

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Baborska-Narożny, Magdalena, Karol Bandurski y Magdalena Grudzińska. "To Shade or not to Shade (and how)? Annual heating energy balance and internal temperature in low energy houses in Wrocław, Poland." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2654, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2023): 012067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2654/1/012067.

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Abstract One of the important areas of occupant–building fabric interaction with IEQ consequences is windows’ shading. The relevance of shading has been explored through modeling studies in the context of energy, daylighting and thermal comfort, typically aiming to inform the design stage. In owner occupied housing the architectural design sets the scene for subsequent residents’ decisions concerning windows treatment. Here, based on varied treatments for 20m2 living room window observed during an in-depth building performance evaluation in same homes, dynamic modeling in TRNSYS is used to establish the related heating loads and internal temperatures. The results allow to rank five shading usage scenarios for three physical settings, namely lack of shading, external blind and internal curtain on lower half of the window, in terms of their overheating mitigation potential, based on simplified assumptions for heating, ventilation and shading practices. The modelling points towards severe overheating issue and crucial impact of shading usage patterns on its mitigation. Yearly modelled share of overheating hours (>26 °C) are almost double for unshaded scenario compared to the most effective shading strategy (25% and 13%). The simulation contributes to understanding of the field monitoring results where the unshaded living rooms experience more severe overheating, and the two shading settings in place are associated with comparable internal thermal conditions, respectively 22% vs. 5% and 6% of yearly share of overheating hours. The simplification of human-HVAC-building interaction model likely obfuscates solar heat gain control contribution to heating load.

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