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Goetz, Jill. "Wine growers face new complexities". California Agriculture 54, n.º 3 (mayo de 2000): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3733/ca.v054n03p5.
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Fares, M'hand y Luis Orozco. "Tournament Mechanism in Wine-Grape Contracts: Evidence from a French Wine Cooperative". Journal of Wine Economics 9, n.º 3 (diciembre de 2014): 320–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jwe.2014.29.
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AbstractThis article analyzes the contractual relationship between a wine cooperative (winery) and its member (growers). This relationship is plagued by moral hazard and adverse selection problems in grape quality. Indeed, growers can be opportunistic since the cooperative is unable to observe: (1) their effort level due to imperfect monitoring technology; and (2) their productive abilities (types) due to adverse selection. Because the growers' vineyard practices and efforts are one of the main determinants of grape quality, the cooperative implements an incentive compensation system to induce growers to make the maximum effort toward the achievement of quality. This compensation scheme is similar to that in tournaments (Green and Stokey, 1983; Knoeber, 1989; Lazear and Rosen, 1981; Prendergast, 1999). In our case, the cooperative promotes competition between growers by offering a promotion to a higher-quality contract, while, at the same time, organizing the contest by creating homogeneous groups of growers using a menu of contracts and monitoring through regular visits to the vineyard. Using a database of 1,219 contracts, we test the effect of: (1) the cooperative's tournament compensation scheme; (2) the menu of contracts and monitoring mechanism. The results of our econometric estimations provide some confirmation of both effects. (JEL classifications: L14, D82, Q13)
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Thèlier-Huché, Lydie y René Morlat. "Anjou wine growers perception and valorization of the terroir". OENO One 34, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2000): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2000.34.1.1016.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">A “terroir” study, based on the “Basic Terroir Unit” concept (B.T.U.), has been realized in the french vineyard of Anjou (Loire Valley). In the characterization of B.T.U.’s natural factors, the geological component (geological stage and lithology) is the first key used to B.T.U. identification. The second affects the soil and its variability. A ground model has been elaborated as suitable to mapping small areas showing a sufficient homogeneous vine behavior. This pattern, based on the soil depth and the weathering intensity of the parent rock, allows to distinguish three main type of environments : “ rock, alteration, alterite”.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Furthermore, a viticultural survey based on parcels has been carried out and coupled to the characterization and mapping of B.T.U. The data crossing, by an information geographic system (I.G.S.), of these two approaches allowed an analysis of the wine growers empirical perception and valorization of “terroir”.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The survey has been realized among all wine-growers’ home, in the twelve main viticultural municipalities of the studied area. The different kinds of questions were about to : the socio-economical farm aspects, the vine and its ecophysiological behavior, the viticultural and oenological wine grower practices, the wine grower’s soil empirical knowledge, the climate and the parcel potentiality. Most questions presented three modalities of answers for each variable : “in the average, higher or lower than the average”. Results were treated with two methods : crossing selection and multiple factor analysis. These analysis were realized at two scales : the first one which was the ground model " rock, alteration, alterite " applied in the whole studied area, so called “general ground model” ; and the second one which was the B.T.U. for the both main geological systems : the metagrauwacke of the brioverian period and the green to grey sandstone schist of the ordovician-devonian period. At the first scale, the wine growers have well differentiated the both opposite rock and alterite environments, by climatic (air temperature, frost risk), pedoclimatic (temperature and soil moisture regime) and pedological (soil depth and stone content) criteria. The environment “ alteration ” is less well characterized from the survey but also from the characterization method of natural factors. The vine behavior (bud break earliness, canopy development in the both normal year and dry year) is also influenced, according to the survey, by the environment type. Wine growers have partly integrated these detected differences between parcels on their viticultural (grape variety, number of selection for grape harvesting) and oenological practices (kind of wine, vinification and marketing of wine per parcel, yeast using).</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The analysis at the B.T.U. scale have confirmed the pertinence of the ground model “ rock, alteration, alterite ” on the perception of pedologic and pedoclimatic characteristics and a great influence of the geological system on the local climatic factors and on the vine behavior.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The coherence of results between these two approaches (survey and integrated characterization) would allow the data acquisition, per survey, about several variables that are not directly collected during the B.T.U. mapping phasis.</p>
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Hillis, Vicken, Mark Lubell, Jonathan Kaplan y Kendra Baumgartner. "Preventative Disease Management and Grower Decision Making: A Case Study of California Wine-Grape Growers". Phytopathology® 107, n.º 6 (junio de 2017): 704–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-07-16-0274-r.
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Preventative disease management is challenging to farmers because it requires paying immediate costs in the hopes of returning uncertain future benefits. Understanding farmer decision making about prevention has the potential to reduce disease incidence and minimize the need for more costly postinfection practices. For example, the grapevine trunk-disease complex (esca, Botryosphaeria dieback, Eutypa dieback, and Phomopsis dieback) significantly affects vineyard productivity and longevity. Given the chronic nature of the infections and inability to eradicate the fungal pathogens, the preventative practices of delayed pruning, applications of pruning-wound protectants, and double pruning (also known as prepruning) are the most effective means of management. We surveyed wine-grape growers in six regions of California on their use of these three practices. In spite of acknowledging the yield impacts of trunk diseases, a substantial number of respondents either choose not to use preventative practices or incorrectly adopted them in mature vineyards, too late in the disease cycle to be effective. Growers with more negative perceptions of cost efficacy were less likely to adopt preventative practices or were more likely to time adoption incorrectly in mature vineyards. In general, preventative management may require strong intervention in the form of policy or extension to motivate behavioral change.
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McWilliam, Wendy y Andreas Wesener. "Attitudes and Behaviours of Certified Winegrowers towards the Design and Implementation of Biodiversity Farming Strategies". Sustainability 13, n.º 3 (21 de enero de 2021): 1083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031083.
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Substantial environmental impacts and loss of resilience occurs with conventional vineyard designs characterized by monotonous specialized production. Studies support the restoration of green infrastructure (GI) and introduction of other production systems as promising biodiversity design strategies. However, little is known about the degree to which winegrowers are implementing them. We surveyed Willamette valley, Oregon, certified sustainable winegrowers as potential early adopters of innovative biodiversity design strategies. Results revealed growers were implementing up to 11 different types of GI components, providing them with up to 16 different ecosystem services, and six disservices. The GI was implemented at three spatial scales, with growers pursuing a sharing GI design strategy at fine scales, and a sharing and sparing strategy at intermediate and farm-wide scales. Only biodynamic certified farmers had implemented valued additional production systems. Growers can improve the implementation of their biodiversity GI designs by adopting an integrated multi-system whole farm design approach. Key enablers for grower implementation of GI and/or additional production systems included: (1) Grower awareness and value of strategy’s ecosystem services and functions, (2) grower knowledge of their design and management, (3) certifier requirements for GI, (4) availability of land incapable of growing quality grapes, (5) availability of GI backup systems in case of failure, (6) low risk of regional pest outbreaks, (7) premium wine prices, and (8) strong grower environmental and cultural heritage ethics. Further research is required to identify effective ways to advance these enablers among growers, and within certification and government programmes, to improve the implementation of these strategies among growers.
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Ollat, Nathalie, Jean-Marc Touzard y Cornelis van Leeuwen. "Climate Change Impacts and Adaptations: New Challenges for the Wine Industry". Journal of Wine Economics 11, n.º 1 (mayo de 2016): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jwe.2016.3.
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AbstractClimate change will have a profound effect on vine growing worldwide. Wine quality will also be affected, which will raise economic issues. Possible adaptations may result from changes in plant material, viticultural techniques, and the wine-making process. Relocation of vineyards to cooler areas and increased irrigation are other options, but they may result in potential conflicts for land and water use. Grapes are currently grown in many regions around the world, and growers have adapted their practices to the wide range of climatic conditions that can be found among or inside these areas. This knowledge is precious for identifying potential adaptations to climate change. Because climate change affects all activities linked to wine production (grape growing, wine making, wine economics, and environmental issues), multidisciplinary research is needed to guide growers to continue to produce high-quality wines in an economical and environmentally sustainable way. An example of such an interdisciplinary study is the French LACCAVE (long-term adaptation to climate change in viticulture and enology) project, in which researchers from 23 institutes work together on all issues related to the impact of climate change on wine production. (JEL Classifications: Q1, Q5)
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Summerson, Vasiliki, Claudia Gonzalez Viejo, Alexis Pang, Damir D. Torrico y Sigfredo Fuentes. "Review of the Effects of Grapevine Smoke Exposure and Technologies to Assess Smoke Contamination and Taint in Grapes and Wine". Beverages 7, n.º 1 (25 de enero de 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages7010007.
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Grapevine smoke exposure and the subsequent development of smoke taint in wine has resulted in significant financial losses for grape growers and winemakers throughout the world. Smoke taint is characterized by objectional smoky aromas such as “ashy”, “burning rubber”, and “smoked meats”, resulting in wine that is unpalatable and hence unprofitable. Unfortunately, current climate change models predict a broadening of the window in which bushfires may occur and a rise in bushfire occurrences and severity in major wine growing regions such as Australia, Mediterranean Europe, North and South America, and South Africa. As such, grapevine smoke exposure and smoke taint in wine are increasing problems for growers and winemakers worldwide. Current recommendations for growers concerned that their grapevines have been exposed to smoke are to conduct pre-harvest mini-ferments for sensory assessment and send samples to a commercial laboratory to quantify levels of smoke-derived volatiles in the wine. Significant novel research is being conducted using spectroscopic techniques coupled with machine learning modeling to assess grapevine smoke contamination and taint in grapes and wine, offering growers and winemakers additional tools to monitor grapevine smoke exposure and taint rapidly and non-destructively in grapes and wine.
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Lanette, Hervé y Daniel Steichen. "The Dynamics of Advertising and Contract Choice on the Champagne Wine Market". Journal of Wine Economics 5, n.º 2 (2010): 310–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1931436100000961.
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AbstractThere are two main players in the Champagne wine industry; grape growers and Champagne houses. The former grow grapes and either produce their own Champagne wine or sell their fruit to Champagne houses. The latter only produce Champagne wine and do not grow grapes. However, Champagne houses invest heavily in advertisements to establish and maintain their brand's reputation. The grape market is characterized by the dominance of long-term supply contracts over spot contracts. Drawing on various theoretical models we suggest that the Champagne houses' advertising strategy and its associated positive externalities (spillover effects) on grape growers is a way of stabilizing vertical relations, i.e., keeping grape growers from producing Champagne wine themselves and thus maintaining a certain degree of monopoly power. (JEL Classification: C78, M37, D86, L14, Q18)
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Santos, Micael, Ana Marta-Costa, Cátia Santos y Aníbal Galindro. "Efficiency of wine grape growers at farm level: a case study". E3S Web of Conferences 50 (2018): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185001010.
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To determine the key variables of the vineyard efficiency is imperative to account the combined effects of the inputs interactions since they have implications on the overall final production. This paper estimates the productive efficiency of a wine-farm sample from the Douro Demarcated Region (DDR) while identifies economic, social and environmental indicators that characterizes the DDR grape production system. The data was collected by face-to-face surveys performed at farm level to build a pilot study. The majority of the sampled twenty farms are dedicated to mountain viticulture and mainly feature the cordon (simple and double) training system. Through the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, the productive efficiency of the sampled was performed and the results clinched different efficiency scores. The main explanation is related to the heterogeneity of the adopted production system. In addition, they revealed how grape producers could improve their productive efficiency by adopting particular practices and identifying the key factors of their system.
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Lacoste, Pablo. "Wine and Women: Grape Growers and Pulperas in Mendoza, 1561–1852". Hispanic American Historical Review 88, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 2008): 361–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2008-329.
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Abstract This article examines the role of entrepreneurial women in colonial Mendoza, a trade and transport center characterized by wine production. In other economic activities, such as cattle raising and transportation, female ownership of the local means of productions was practically nonexistent. Women were increasingly important in the cultivation of vineyards and in the production and selling of wine in taverns and stores (pulperías). This development was brought about by three factors: first, Hispanic ideology allowed women a privileged space in the cultivation of vineyards, as is illustrated in Fray Luis de León’s La perfecta casada (1583). Second, as a transportation center, Mendoza had many men who worked as muleteers, on wagon trains, and on cattle drives; their extended absences generated greater responsibilities and independence for women. Third, the example set by the first taverns and wineries in Mendoza created models for other women to pursue. For all these reasons, women took advantage of opportunities in vineyards and taverns, thus advancing their own economic and mental emancipation. This study is based on unpublished documents in the Archivo Histórico de Mendoza and the Archivo Nacional in Santiago, Chile.
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Gu, Sanjun y Kirk W. Pomper. "(360) Development of a Viticulture Website at Kentucky State University for Growers". HortScience 40, n.º 4 (julio de 2005): 1028D—1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1028d.
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Kentucky has a rich history in viticulture. The Kentucky Vineyard Society was founded in 1798 and Kentucky was the third largest grape and wine producer by 1860. During Prohibition, however, vines were either uprooted or left unattended, and the grape industry essentially disappeared in Kentucky. Since 1990, the grape and wine industry has shown a resurgence; however, there are limited educational opportunities in viticulture in Kentucky. Kentucky State University (KSU) emphasizes the development of alternative high-value crops for sustainable agriculture production. In 2000, a viticulture program was initiated at KSU to develop cultivar, vine management, and pest and disease control recommendations. Aware of the fact that grape growers in Kentucky are mostly new to grape culture, KSU has developed a viticulture website (http://www.pawpaw.kysu.edu/viticulture/index.htm) to disseminate viticulture information. The website provides information that includes setting up a new vineyard, managing a “mature” vineyard (Vitis, Kentucky weather and climate, site selection, cultivars, rootstocks, trellising, care of young vines, canopy management, irrigation and nutrition, pest, and disease management), grape growers' corner (questions and answers, buy and sale, resources), and selected links. A monthly viticulture calendar is also available. In the future, the site will be updated with research results in viticulture from KSU and other southeastern institutions, growers' feedback, and information on wine making. The viticulture website will aid in the promotion of the grape and wine industry in Kentucky and states with a similar climate, and benefit grape growers from this profitable and expanding market.
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Griffith, Brian J. "Bacchus among the Blackshirts: Wine Making, Consumerism and Identity in Fascist Italy, 1919–1937". Contemporary European History 29, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2020): 394–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777319000377.
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This article explores the way in which wine came to be viewed as a quintessentially ‘Italian’ beverage among Italy's middle- and upper-class households during fascism's twenty years in power. Due to significant increases in wine consumption among the labouring classes during the years immediately following the First World War, wine, as a general category of beverage, had become closely associated within the minds of many bourgeois and wealthy consumers with the country's popular taverns and saloons, alcoholism and physical and moral ‘degeneration.’ In response, fascist Italy's typical wine growers, merchants and industrialists worked feverishly to rehabilitate the beverage's downtrodden reputation via a series of wide-ranging public relations and collective marketing campaigns during the 1920s and 1930s. By promoting the beverage's hygienic and alimentary qualities, as well as systematically intertwining the moderate consumption of the peninsula's standardised wines with the dictatorship's nationalisation and popular mobilisation programmes, this article will show, the Industrial Wine Lobby successfully re-established ‘wine's honour’ and, simultaneously, recontextualised the country's typical wines as Italy's wholesome, family-friendly, ‘national beverage’.
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Chládková, H. "The competitive strength factors of the company". Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 53, No. 7 (7 de enero de 2008): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1154-agricecon.
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PATRIA Kobylí, Inc. is one of the traditional wine-growers and producers of quality wines based in southern Moravia. Farming on 152 hectares, PATRIA Kobylí supplies the market with more than 1 million litres of wine per year. It offers an assortment of 14 whites and 6 blue wines. The company focuses on wines designed for gastronomes and distributed to selected specialized wine-merchants. But since 2003, the sales of the company’s wines have been declining. The sales in the individual months of 2006 were the lowest for the last 6 years. But the aim of the company will not be to increase the sales volume but the wine quality and services and sales techniques and so to maintain its position in the market. The company started to analyze its strengths and weaknesses and extended its portfolio of Saint Martin wine and special wines and sparkling wines.
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Bitsch, Linda, Shuo Li y Jon H. Hanf. "Vertical coordination in the Chinese grape market". Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 11, n.º 4 (1 de febrero de 2021): 396–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-07-2020-0145.
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PurposeRegarding the global development of the wine industry, China has gained a notable share in terms of wine consumption, and its domestic wine production has increased steadily since 2000. The wine production process requires close coordination between growers and processors to avoid disruption and instability in the supply chain of the wine grapes. However, vertical coordination in the Chinese wine regions has received little attention. Based on the existing theoretical background on vertical coordination, this study aims to detect the evolution processes of vertical coordination in the Chinese grape market.Design/methodology/approachExploratory qualitative research fits with the aim of this study. From December 2018 to January 2019, interviews with grape growers and wine processors of various Chinese wine-producing areas took place. After transcribing all recorded files into text, a qualitative data analysis following the approach of Mayring (2015) was used to analyse and interpret the data.FindingsThe models of vertical coordination in the grape supply in China vary between the producer's requirements on grape quality/quantity and the arrangements of grape supply chains, which are diverse depending on regional strategies of the local government.Research limitations/implicationsHowever, in this research, the authors did not get into details on the organization of the contractual coordination, and due to the limited access to grape growers, the relationship between farmers and processors cannot be analysed in detail. With a better understanding of the coordination relationship and enhanced contract enforcement, the vineyard management and grape supply chain management can be better performed, inducing a steady industrial development.Originality/valueRegarding the global development of the wine industry, China has gained a notable share in terms of wine consumption, and its domestic wine production has increased steadily since 2000. However, vertical coordination in the Chinese wine regions has received little attention. The study provides a first insight into the grape market structures, as very little is known.
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Zhang, Liang, Zhilei Wang, Tingting Xue, Feifei Gao, Ruteng Wei, Ying Wang, Xing Han, Hua Li y Hua Wang. "Combating Desertification through the Wine Industry in Hongsibu, Ningxia". Sustainability 13, n.º 10 (18 de mayo de 2021): 5654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105654.
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Land desertification is a global environmental problem, leading to the deterioration of the ecological environment and is an issue that threatens humans. Hongsibu, located in Ningxia, northwest China, is a semi-desert area with the largest domestic single-site ecological resettlement area for poverty alleviation based on the wine industry. Here, we quantified the value of the ecosystem services of the wine industry in Hongsibu and used the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to quantitatively evaluate the comprehensive benefits of the wine industry for resolving desertification. We found that winegrapes significantly increase vegetation cover, while significantly decreasing blowing sand and generating a total annual value of ecosystem services of 6.13× 108 RMB. The evaluation score of the comprehensive benefits is 81.85%, with grape growers and chateaus obtaining large economic benefits from the wine industry. In conclusion, the wine industry’s development not only enhances the economic level of grape growers but significantly resolves desertification in impoverished areas—thus alleviating poverty and land degradation, contributing to sustainable development. Therefore, this may be an effective strategy for sustainable development in other parts of the world.
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Simpson, James. "Cooperation and Conflicts: Institutional Innovation in France's Wine Markets, 1870–1911". Business History Review 79, n.º 3 (2005): 527–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680500081435.
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Very different commodity chains had been established over the centuries in France to produce and sell wines as diverse as champagne, fine old clarets, or ordinary table wines. The major shortages caused by the vine disease phylloxera after 1875 forced merchants to search for new sources of supply, often in foreign countries or through the production of artificial wines. When domestic production revived, however, the recovery was not accompanied by a noticeable reduction in these new supplies, with the result that prices, as well as growers' profitability, fell sharply after the turn of the twentieth century, strengthening the merchants' power in the various commodity chains. To overcome this situation, growers in three very different wine-producing areas, namely the Midi, Bordeaux, and Champagne, used their political influence to achieve government intervention in order to control fraud and establish regional appellations or producer cooperatives, which helped them win back some of their market power from merchants.
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Tee, E., A. M. Boland y A. Medhurst. "Voluntary adoption of Environmental Management Systems in the Australian wine and grape industry depends on understanding stakeholder objectives and drivers". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, n.º 3 (2007): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06024.
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In recent years, members of the Australian wine and grape industry have been encouraged to participate in a range of Environmental Management System (EMS)-type programs. These have been sponsored by a variety of stakeholders including government organisations, environmental non-government organisations, industry associations and large corporations. Collectively, these stakeholders have a diverse range of objectives they are seeking to address through the adoption of EMS by grape growers. These objectives range from natural resource management outcomes through to maintenance of market access and meeting investor expectations. However, these stakeholder objectives may not align to the individual needs of grape growers, nor to the drivers that may influence the adoption of an EMS by such individuals. To date, there has been variable success with voluntary adoption of EMS (or similar concepts) across viticulture regions throughout Australia. This paper seeks to clarify this variability based on an assessment of the needs and circumstances of various industry groups associated with EMS initiatives. A conceptual framework is proposed which categorises these particular needs according to different scales of influence (e.g. industry, region, business and individual). In addition, the drivers that operate at the individual grower level are further explored through a qualitative field study. This study has implications for the design and promotion of EMS programs for the wine and grape and other agricultural industries. It is clear that a ‘one size fits all’ approach will not meet the varying needs and objectives of all industry participants. Furthermore, grape growers may not perceive a need to change and, therefore, are yet to identify any benefits from voluntary adoption of an EMS. Alternative mechanisms such as market-based or regulatory instruments may need to be considered, dependent on the objectives that are sought.
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Ashenfelter, Orley y Karl Storchmann. "Climate Change and Wine: A Review of the Economic Implications". Journal of Wine Economics 11, n.º 1 (mayo de 2016): 105–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jwe.2016.5.
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AbstractIn this article, we provide an overview of the extensive literature on the impact of weather and climate on grapes and wine with the goal of describing how climate change is likely to affect their production. We start by discussing the physical impact of weather on vine phenology, berry composition, and yields and then survey the economic literature measuring the effects of temperature on wine quality, prices, costs, and profits and how climate change will affect these. We also describe what has been learned so far about possible adaptation strategies for grape growers that would allow them to mitigate the economic effects of climate change. We conclude that climate change is likely to produce winners and losers, with the winners being those closer to the North and South Poles. There are also likely to be some substantial short-run costs as growers adapt to climate change. Nevertheless, wine making has survived through thousands of years of recorded history, a history that includes large climate changes. (JEL Classifications: Q54, Q13)
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Ulin, Robert C. "Work as cultural production: labour and self–identity among southwest French wine–growers". Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 8, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2002): 691–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9655.00129.
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Duarte Alonso, Abel y Martin A. O'Neill. "Climate change from the perspective of Spanish wine growers: a three‐region study". British Food Journal 113, n.º 2 (15 de febrero de 2011): 205–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070701111105303.
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PTomšík y H. Chládková. "Comparison of analyses of winegrowing and wine-production in the Czech Republic, the EU, and South Africa". Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 51, No. 7 (20 de febrero de 2012): 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5114-agricecon.
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The area of vineyards has increased to 19 261.5 hectares and the number of wine producers to 18.292 by 1 May 2004. This branch needs a long-term study that will lead to the establishment of the new politics for viniculture and wine-growing, related to the needs of the region. The trends are compared to the main European producer – France, and another country from the so called “New World“–the South African Republic. The researches are focused on the consumption of wine by population, share in the gross national product, employment in this branch, areas of vineyards, and number of wine-growers.
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Everett, Connie, Kimberly Jensen, Christopher Boyer y David Hughes. "Consumers’ willingness to pay for local muscadine wine". International Journal of Wine Business Research 30, n.º 1 (12 de marzo de 2018): 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwbr-11-2016-0038.
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Purpose This paper aims to identify factors influencing the likelihood of consumers trying muscadine wines and among those who have tried them, willingness to pay (WTP) for an in-state produced muscadine wine. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a 2015 survey of wine consumers residing in Tennessee (TN). The survey presented respondents with a referendum choice experiment between a ‘base’ wine (represented by a North Carolina (NC) muscadine wine) and a TN muscadine wine. The study uses probit regressions to estimate factors influencing the probability of trying muscadine, and those influencing TN muscadine wine choice. Estimates of WTP for TN muscadine wine are derived from the model coefficients. Findings Older age, living in non-metro households being a weekly wine consumer, preferring red wines, and having visited a winery in the past year positively influence trying muscadines. Older age, liking muscadines and lower product price positively influence TN muscadine choice. Greater importance of wines being local and premiums paid for local foods have positive influences on trying muscadines and WTP for TN muscadine wine. A premium WTP for a TN muscadine over a NC muscadine exists among TN consumers. Among the most influential reasons why consumers chose the TN muscadine were beliefs that purchasing local wines helps local wine grape growers and local economies. Originality/value This study provides the muscadine wine industry with estimates of WTP for locally produced muscadines and demonstrates that attitudes toward local wines and premium paid for local foods positively influence trying muscadine wine and WTP for locally produced muscadine.
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Gonda, Cecília. "Knowledge and acceptance research of use of vine-branch in micro region of Gyöngyös". Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 6, n.º 3-4 (30 de noviembre de 2012): 117–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2012/3-4/16.
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Significant quantity of renewable plant biomass comes into existence in Hungary year by year. Nowadays there are different wellknow possibilities for utilization. However these methods are not widely accepted. The most important obstacle is frequently caused by lack of knowledge of farmers. Without the necessary information the farmers become distrustful, and in many cases significantly decrease the efficiency of reclamation. Targeted communication method should be used to improve the rates of utilization. It should include appropriate content to their knowledge. This study research the knowledge and the acceptance of vine-branch utilization circle of wine-grower in micro region of Gyöngyös by questionnaire survey. We will know why the use of by-products has not spreaded yet circle of wine-grower and where they get their information from. The typically fragmented farms do not utilize because they do not know the process for doing or other people cultivate their vine-yard so they have not necessary machine. The questionnaire ask the farmers they want to offer their vine-branch a user factory.The questionnaires was completed by personal request. The reason of methods was the bigger rate of query. The questionnaire include question about the farm, the use of vinebranch and data of farmers. The villages were asked the rates of wine-grower. The aim of the research the rational utilize of by-product by wine-growers year by year. With the results of questionnaire survey we can inform the farmers with the appropriate method about the necessary knowledge.
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opfer, chris. "The Norton Grape: American Viticulture's Native Son". Gastronomica 11, n.º 3 (2011): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2011.11.3.92.
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Norton is a little known grape whose history is inextricably intertwined with that of the wine industries in two states not generally known for viticulture: Virginia and Missouri. Virginia settlers began experimenting with wine making in 1609. Two centuries later a Richmond physician finally found a grape hearty enough to sustain the region's tough climate. The result, Dr. Daniel Norton's “Virginia Seedling”—what one grower calls “bulletproof”—is naturally resistant to the American-born plagues that still haunt European grapes. The grape grew in popularity not only in Virginia, but also in Missouri, where German immigrants made the state the country's leading winemaker. By the early twentieth century, however, the thriving viticulture in both states fell victim to a sweeping wave of prohibition. The wine industries vanished, taking Norton with them. Norton returned to Missouri in 1965 when a vintner found the grape growing wild in a bootlegger's back yard. It didn't reappear in significant quantity in Virginia until fifty-six years after the repeal of Prohibition, reintroduced to its native land by a Missourian. In the decades since, the grape's production has grown partially as a result of the state's blossoming wine industry, but Norton still remains a little known varietal, championed by a handful of passionate growers.
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Santiago, Michelle y Michael Sykuta. "Regulation and Contract Choice in the Distribution of Wine". Journal of Wine Economics 11, n.º 2 (29 de marzo de 2016): 216–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jwe.2015.34.
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AbstractThe wine industry in the United States has grown tremendously over the past few decades, from fewer than 1,000 wineries in 1980 to upward of 8,500 today. The growth has occurred over a period that has seen substantial changes in the structure of the wine industry, the modes of distribution available to wineries, and the regulations governing them. Most economic research, however, has focused on supply relations between wineries and wine grape growers rather than between wineries and their downstream markets. In this article, we examine wineries' contracting behavior with downstream distributors and the effects of industry structure, winery organizational structure, and state laws regarding direct shipment and distribution franchise laws. (JEL Classifications: D23, L14, L22, L66)
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Chambolle, Claire y Olivier Saulpic. "Growers vs. Merchants Bargaining on the Price of Champagne Grapes and The Role of Contracts when Bargaining is Unbalanced". Journal of Wine Economics 1, n.º 2 (2006): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1931436100000146.
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AbstractThe contract between growers and merchants for the exchange of grapes on the Champagne market is a long-term agreement based on quantities. Commitments on quantities are made for several years and negotiated individually between growers and merchants. Each year, prices are negotiated at the interprofessional level, the interprofessional committee including members of the growers union, members of the merchants union and a government commissioner. It turns out that industrial organization theory, and more precise mechanisms outlined by incomplete contract theory are relevant to the analysis of such contracts in which prices and quantities are negotiated sequentially and by different groups of actors. We show that imposed pricing by the interprofessional organization can, in some cases, balance the bargaining power between growers and merchants and thus increase social welfare. At a time when the European Common Organization of Wine Markets casts doubt on interprofessional organizations, this result tends to justify their positive role. (JEL classifi cation: L42, L50)
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Pons, Alexandre, Lucile Allamy, Armin Schüttler, Doris Rauhut, Cécile Thibon y Philippe Darriet. "What is the expected impact of climate change on wine aroma compounds and their precursors in grape?" OENO One 51, n.º 2 (15 de mayo de 2017): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2017.51.2.1868.
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The intrinsic quality of a wine is strongly linked with its volatile compound composition involved in the complexity of wine’s subtle flavor nuances. Those reminiscent of green pepper, herbaceous, blackcurrant, blackberry, figs or prunes are strongly linked with the maturity of the grapes. Nowadays it is well accepted that macroscopic effects of climate change modify the environmental conditions of grape growing at local scale in all the vineyards across the world. The expected effects on grape and wine production can be positive when they increase the maturity of the grapes, but when the conditions are too warm and too dry they induce opposite effects producing grapes and wines with a lower intrinsic quality. These effects were perceived in young wines but also in older wines kept several years in bottle.In this article, we provide some examples of effects of climate change and growing conditions on grapevine and wine quality expressed as flavors and antioxidant composition. We also report some results associated with the incidence of grape growing conditions on white and red wine aging potential and on the composition of old wines.Finally, we discuss the opportunities for vine growers and winemakers to manage the quality of their grapes and wines in this climate change context.
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Berg, G. T. y R. K. Striegler. "Evaluation of Mechanized Vineyard Production Systems for Barbera (Vitis vinifera L.) Grapevines Grown in the San Joaquin Valley". HortScience 32, n.º 3 (junio de 1997): 517A—517. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.517a.
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The availability and cost of labor are important concerns for many California wine grape growers. Greater state and federal labor regulations, increased grower liability, increased efforts to control illegal immigration, and mandated increases in the minimum wage are causing growers to investigate production systems that may reduce labor requirements and costs. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the influence of training system and mechanization on vegetative growth, yield, fruit composition, labor requirements, and production costs for wine grapes grown in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Barbera vines grafted on Freedom rootstock were used in the experiment. Treatment variables examined were training system (bilateral cordon, non-positioned vs. bilateral cordon, vertical shoot positioned) and pruning method (hand vs. machine pre-pruning with hand follow-up). The experimental design used was a randomized complete block with data analyzed as a factorial. There were five blocks and all treatment combinations were evaluated. Data were collected during the 1994 and 1995 seasons for vegetative growth, yield, fruit composition, pruning labor requirements, and machinery performance. Few treatment effects were observed on vegetative growth, yield, and fruit composition during the course of this study. When significant differences were noted for these parameters, training system had a greater impact than pruning method. In contrast, labor requirements and production costs displayed a significant response to pruning method. Machine pre-pruning reduced pruning labor requirements from 41 man-hours per acre to 24–28 man-hours per acre per year. Pruning labor requirements were reduced by ≈40% and the costs associated with pruning were reduced by ≈30%.
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Robinson, Linda y Donald Lifton. "Convincing growers to fund cooperative marketing activities: Insights from the New York wine grape industry". Agribusiness 9, n.º 1 (enero de 1993): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6297(199301)9:1<65::aid-agr2720090107>3.0.co;2-4.
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Janković, Ivana y Miloš Ćirić. "Trendovi uparivanja hrane i vina u svetu i razvoj gastroenoloških ponuda u restoranima u Srbiji". Turisticko poslovanje, n.º 27 (2021): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/turpos0-31605.
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Food and wine have long been a synergistic combination, ie. They complemented each other's experiences. The task of this paper is to determine which characteristics of food and wine influence the formation of the gastroenterological experience. The aim of this paper is a researcher in which measures are used at home in Serbia and in which foreign wines and which are characterized by ago of gastroenological offer. The gastroenological offer processed in this research shows that there is a lot of representation of foreign wines in restaurants, as a guideline for development in the field of harmonization of food and wine, it should give more emphasis to domestic dishes and domestic wines. This certainly contributes to the development of small businesses and local growers to be better placed and promoted to both domestic guests and tourists. Belgrade, as the capital of the Republic of Serbia and as the main tourist destination, should adjust the offer of both food and wine in its restaurants. There are tourists for whom the primary goal of travel is a gastroenological experience, they want to try as much localized food and wine as possible, while there are also those whose primary goal is not gastroenology during the trip and they want to consume something familiar to them. Restaurants or other catering facilities should definitely be adapted to the guests.
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Pons, Alexandre, Lucile Allamy, Armin Schüttler, Doris Rauhut, Cécile Thibon y Philippe Darriet. "What is the expected impact of climate change on wine aroma compounds and their precursors in grape?" OENO One 51, n.º 2 (15 de mayo de 2017): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2016.0.0.1868.
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<p>The intrinsic quality of a wine is strongly linked with its volatile compound composition involved in the complexity of wine’s subtle flavor nuances. Those reminiscent of green pepper, herbaceous, blackcurrant, blackberry, figs or prunes are strongly linked with the maturity of the grapes. Nowadays it is well accepted that macroscopic effects of climate change modify the environmental conditions of grape growing at local scale in all the vineyards across the world. The expected effects on grape and wine production can be positive when they increase the maturity of the grapes, but when the conditions are too warm and too dry they induce opposite effects producing grapes and wines with a lower intrinsic quality. These effects were perceived in young wines but also in older wines kept several years in bottle.</p><p>In this article, we provide some examples of effects of climate change and growing conditions on grapevine and wine quality expressed as flavors and antioxidant composition. We also report some results associated with the incidence of grape growing conditions on white and red wine aging potential and on the composition of old wines.</p><p>Finally, we discuss the opportunities for vine growers and winemakers to manage the quality of their grapes and wines in this climate change context.<strong></strong></p>
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Pelet, Jean-Eric y Benoît Lecat. "Smartphones and wine consumers: a study of Gen-Y". International Journal of Wine Business Research 26, n.º 3 (12 de agosto de 2014): 188–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwbr-04-2013-0015.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore the potential of m-commerce (mobile commerce) combined with social media for the wine industry in order to reach distinctive customer segments Differences about access to information and shopping habits on the Internet seem to exist according to the cohorts users belong to. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a study of 190 respondents, this paper describes the consumer behavior of the Y generation regarding several variables: level of Internet sophistication and orientation, brand loyalty, risk aversion, involvement, shopping behavior and perception of authenticity. Findings – Results of the study show that m-commerce and e-commerce applications using social media platforms may prove greatly efficient in the foreseeable future for wine growers. Different ways of selling and disseminating information about their products are observed. Research limitations/implications – The infancy of m-commerce implies a relative difficulty to gather data about m-consumption. Active users on m-commerce browse and purchase a few items on the mobile web and many brands still don’t have the proper interface of their website to fit with mobile screens. As a result, it is not easy to find users with similar interests on the mobile web based on product preferences, directly linked to their browsing and purchasing history. Practical implications – Results of the confirmatory study show that m-commerce and e-commerce applications using social media platforms may in the foreseeable future, offer wine growers greater efficiency to expand their selling opportunities and reach a wider audience. Social implications – This topic is promising since various data show that wine consumption is composed of 45% of occasional drinkers (once or twice a week); and between 25 and 34 years old, it is composed of 50% are occasional drinkers. Originality/value – Y-Gens are occasional drinkers and therefore, to link those occasional drinkers with wine, it is important to use social media as a communication tool and maybe a distribution channel to better reach this potential target.
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Sambucci, Olena y Julian M. Alston. "Estimating the Value of California Wine Grapes". Journal of Wine Economics 12, n.º 2 (mayo de 2017): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jwe.2017.9.
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AbstractThe California Grape Crush Report (Crush Report) is an authoritative source of information on production and returns per ton by variety of wine grapes that includes summaries of quantities produced and estimates of the average prices and value of wine grapes crushed in California. The data provided in the Crush Report are used to calculate the total value of wine grape production as reported in the annual Agricultural Statistics reports published by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and in major industry publications. We use the differences among crush districts in the shares of production crushed to growers’ accounts to show that the current mechanism of calculating average statewide returns per ton understates the true total value of the crush by 14 to 20 percent. We show that a more accurate estimate of the total value and average price can be obtained if the prices of the wine grapes that are sold are used to infer the prices of wine grapes that are not sold before computing the weighted averages. (JEL Classifications: Q20, Q11, Q13, Q19)
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Ornelas-Higdon, Julia. "Agricultural Citizenship and the German Winemakers of Los Angeles County, 1853–1891". Pacific Historical Review 89, n.º 4 (2020): 465–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2020.89.4.465.
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Newly arrived in 1850s California, a group of German immigrants adopted viticulture and founded Anaheim as a wine colony. Along with industry leaders and boosters, they helped expand the region’s commercial wine industry from its Spanish and Mexican roots, using viticulture as a vehicle of Americanization in California. Per the observations of wine industrialists, trade groups, and boosters, these German immigrants represented the American ideal of agricultural citizenship as a barometer of belonging in California. This notion was rooted in large-scale land ownership and relied on modern technology, shipping infrastructure, agricultural science, marketing, and wage workers. Significantly, Anaheim’s German wine growers also employed modern agribusiness techniques that laid the foundation for the citrus industry in the early twentieth century.
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Codron, J. M., E. Montaigne y S. Rousset. "Quality management and contractual incompleteness: grape procurement for high-end wines in Argentina". Journal on Chain and Network Science 13, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2013): 11–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2013.x218.
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Sourcing grapes from independent growers for use in top quality wines sold on the international market is a major organisational challenge for corporate wineries. Our paper adds to the small collection of existing literature addressing these coordination issues in the New World wine sector, by going deeper into the specifics of the contracts. Based on a case-study carried out in the Argentine province of Mendoza, this article presents an in-depth analysis of the technical process, in order to identify the contractual hazards posed by asset specificity, measurement costs, and non-contractible actions. Expanding Transaction Cost Economics to include contract completion and plural governance literature, this paper analyses the contractual and non-contractual mechanisms (price incentives, grower monitoring, allocation of decision rights to the winery, role of backward integration) used to govern such grape transactions. Through our analysis, we were able to arrive at four main conclusions. Firstly, most agreements are still verbal, with the exception of occasional written contracts, whose scope only encompasses minor legal points. It became clear to us that formal, rigid agreements are not always adequate in managing the inherently complex interactions between grape varieties, soil, farming practices and winemaking processes in high-end wine production. Secondly, extensive decision rights are allocated to wineries, to deal with incompleteness. These are key decisions to be taken during the cropping and harvesting process. Thirdly, pricing is generally kept flexible, with grape prices negotiated ex-post. This means that trade imbalances tend to be resolved in the long term. Winegrowers also benefit from financial rewards to compensate for the allocation of authority. Finally, any potential opportunistic behaviour by wineries with regard to asset specificity (in particular yield limitation) and allocation of rights is kept at bay by mechanisms such as winery reputations and credit third-party guarantee. This type of opportunistic behaviour by growers is similarly deterred through monitoring and vineyard ownership on the part of the wineries.
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Agnew, R. H., D. C. Mundy y R. Balasubramaniam. "Effects of spraying strategies based on monitoring disease risk on grape disease control and fungicide usage in Marlborough". New Zealand Plant Protection 57 (1 de agosto de 2004): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2004.57.6937.
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Standard practice for grape disease management in Marlborough 10 years ago was to spray for diseases using calendar based spray programmes Communication of grape disease management research has led to a change of practice for many grape growers The key tool developed by the research programme was targeted spraying for diseases This involved field monitoring for diseases and the use of decision support software which contained the Bacchus Botrytis cinerea risk model Adoption of targetbased spraying resulted in a reduction in fungicide usage of up to 50 The research involved industry consultation field trials on vineyards and communication of information to participants The involvement of grape growers as advocates from the outset ensured that there was industry ownership of the outcomes A change in practice by the Marlborough grape industry has resulted in financial savings for growers and environmental benefits for the wider community through reduced fungicide applications to wine grapes
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Žufan, P. "Supplier-industries of brewing and wine-production in the Czech Republic and their development". Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 51, No. 7 (20 de febrero de 2012): 314–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5113-agricecon.
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The paper compares the main factors influencing the key supplier-industries for brewing and wine-production in the Czech Republic – hop-growing and winegrowing – and it is a part of a more extensive research focused especially on the processing industries, and the specifics of their analyses. The importance of hop-growing and winegrowing is based on the fact that they significantly influence not only the final product, but also the competitiveness in the successive industries of the product vertical. Similar influence within the examined industries is evidenced in the close interconnection with the above-mentioned (main) successive processing-part, and in the complicated position of the small growers. Differences are shown especially in the flexibility of reaction to the changes of demand for final products of the successive industries, and also in the position of both industries in the Czech Republic, and in the world.
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Obi, Chinedu, Daniele Vergamini, Fabio Bartolini y Gianluca Brunori. "The Impact of Changes in Regulatory and Market Environment on Sustainability of Wine Producers: A Structural Equation Model". Wine Economics and Policy 9, n.º 1 (13 de mayo de 2020): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/web-7689.
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We explore the farmers’ perception of how different external drivers of changes in farming activities could lead to sustainability practices among wine producers. The general assumption is that regulatory and market forces can change the production strategies of wine producers, which could eventually lead to the adoption of sustainability practices. We presented the percentage sustainability practice (PSP) as a novel way of measuring sustainability. We developed a structural equation model (SEM) with 13 hypotheses to test our assumption for the wine supply chain in Tuscany (Italy). Among the market forces, we found that wine growers perceived access to credit to have a significant positive association with sustainability practices. We also found that the perception of change in regulatory instruments such as environmental regulation and Common Agriculture Policy can lead to sustainable practice if they improve access to credit. Our research provides evidence for medium-large scale wine producers, emphasising their role as carriers of innovation in the movement towards sustainable wine production.
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Knapp, Ladina, Esther Bravin y Robert Finger. "Data on Swiss fruit and wine growers’ management strategies against D. suzukii, risk preference and perception". Data in Brief 24 (junio de 2019): 103920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2019.103920.
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Canziani, Bonnie, Erick Byrd y James Boles. "Consumer Drivers of Muscadine Wine Purchase Decisions". Beverages 4, n.º 4 (3 de diciembre de 2018): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages4040098.
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Muscadine wine, fresh muscadine grapes, and other derivatives have enjoyed a heritage niche for decades in the Southeast. Muscadine growers in North Carolina in the United States (US) have asked whether the purchase of muscadine wine is linked to consumption of the fruit itself or even familiarity with other muscadine-based products in terms of spillover effects. The authors explored the interdependency between the market for fresh muscadine grapes and muscadine wine purchase. Consumer panel data were obtained from a State of North Carolina agency with oversight of the grape and wine industry; the agency contracted quota sampling of online consumers from six states in the US South. A total of 543 cases were used in the present study. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)® was employed in analysis. Results show that prior muscadine wine knowledge and knowledge of other muscadine products, e.g., jams, juices, smoothies, sauces, and health/beauty products were significant factors associated with buying muscadine wine. Beliefs about muscadine grapes as a healthy ingredient showed a slight influence, while direct experience with fresh muscadines and consumer attitudes towards buying local or US products were insignificant. Therefore, marketing efforts should focus on increasing consumer exposure to and knowledge of muscadine wine and other muscadine related products.
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Rice, Somchai, Madina Tursumbayeva, Matthew Clark, David Greenlee, Murlidhar Dharmadhikari, Anne Fennell y Jacek Koziel. "Effects of Harvest Time on the Aroma of White Wines Made from Cold-Hardy Brianna and Frontenac Gris Grapes Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Olfactometry". Foods 8, n.º 1 (16 de enero de 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8010029.
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The Midwest wine industry has shown a marked increase in growers, hectares planted, wineries, and wine production. This growth coincides with the release of cold-hardy cultivars such as Brianna and Frontenac gris, in 2001 and 2003, respectively. These white grape varieties account for one-third of the total area grown in the state of Iowa. It is generally accepted that the wine aroma profile plays a crucial role in developing a local, sustainable brand. However, the identity of Brianna/Frontenac Gris-based wine aromas and their link to the grape berry chemistry at harvest is unknown. This study aims to preliminarily characterize key odor-active compounds that can influence the aroma profile in wines made from Brianna and Frontenac gris grapes harvested at different stages of ripening. Brianna and Frontenac gris grapes were harvested approximately 7 days apart, starting at 15.4 °Brix (3.09 pH) and 19.5 °Brix (3.00 pH), respectively. Small batch fermentations were made for each time point with all juices adjusted to the same °Brix prior to fermentation. Odor-active compounds were extracted from wine headspace using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and simultaneous olfactometry (O). Over 30 odor-active compounds were detected. Aromas in Brianna wines developed from “cotton candy” and “floral”, to “banana” and “butterscotch”, then finally to “honey”, “caramel” and an unknown neutral aroma. Frontenac gris wines changed from an unknown neutral aroma to “fruity” and “rose”. Results from the lay audiences’ flavor and aroma descriptors also indicate a shift with harvest date and associated °Brix. To date, this is the first report of wine aromas from Brianna and Frontenac gris by GC-MS-O. Findings from this research support the hypothesis that aroma profiles of Brianna and Frontenac gris wines can be influenced by harvesting the grapes at different stages of ripening.
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Bick, Emily N., Cindy R. Kron y Frank G. Zalom. "Timing the Implementation of Cultural Practices for Spissistilus festinus (Hemiptera: Membracidae) in California Vineyards Using a Stage-Structured Degree-Day Model". Journal of Economic Entomology 113, n.º 5 (17 de agosto de 2020): 2558–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa165.
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Abstract The three-cornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus (Say), was shown to transmit Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV), the causative agent for Grapevine red blotch disease, in a greenhouse study on grapes. GRBV is a major concern of wine grape growers due to its economic impact on wine quality. Plants in the family Fabaceae are preferred hosts of S. festinus and are commonly planted as cover crops or present in a vineyard’s native vegetation. In late winter, during grapevine dormancy, S. festinus migrate into vineyards to feed and reproduce on these cover crop and weed hosts. Tilling vineyard floor vegetation provides growers an opportunity to disrupt the life cycle of early instars that are relatively immobile, reducing the S. festinus first-generation population. Nymphal presence is difficult to detect. First through third instars were not detected in sweep net samples in a 2-yr weekly sampling study, whereas fourth and fifth instars were first found on the same sample date as emerging adults. A degree-day model was developed and successfully predicted when early S. festinus instars are present in the vineyard to aid in exploiting the time period when S. festinus is most susceptible to cultural control measures.
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Kudryashova, Ekaterina y Michele Casetti. "The Internet of Things - the Nearest Future of Viticulture". Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics 13, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2021): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7160/aol.2021.130206.
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It is recognized that viticulture and wine sector in general successfully combines traditions and innovations. The Internet of Things technology has already found its way to the vineyards as a prospective innovation. The innovations in wine industry are discussed in the publications, however, IoT not so often falls within the focus. In order to show the production and consumption trends in viticulture we rely mostly on the data accumulated by the International Organization of Vine and Wine. Some analytical materials of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations were also relevant for this study. The information about implementation of Internet of Things is quite fragmentated by now and was collected from different sources. At least two drivers of Internet of Things in viticulture could be mentioned. The first is the climate change and the need to respond to its challenges by wine growers. Technology helps to detect the changes and suggest the best and timely solutions. The second reason why the IoT has prospective in wine sector follows from the characteristics of wine and its consumption trends. There are quite a few strategic decisions to be taken by wine producer and consumers related to wine. These strategic decisions need to be based on a precise data accumulation and processing. The Internet of things is relevant for the decisions of storage, sales, ratings, and collectibles. The range of end-users of the data processing is wide enough in the wine sector. The Internet of Things is already reality of viticulture and it has prospective to develop further. This paper argues that viticulture is a readily open for the IoT and there is a field for IoT implementation in there.
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Janowitz, Ira, Diana G. Tejeda, John A. Miles, Victor Duraj, Victor Duraj, James M. Meyers y Julia Faucett. "Ergonomics Interventions in the Manual Harvest of Wine Grapes". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, n.º 22 (julio de 2000): 628–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004402235.
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Winegrape operations, especially at harvest, produce a high incidence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders, predominantly involving back injury. The Agricultural Ergonomics Research Center of the University of California initiated a study of vineyard operations and recruited four cooperating growers representing 191 permanent workers. The goal was to develop, field-test, and evaluate interventions to reduce ergonomics risk factors for WRMSD's during winegrape harvest. We assessed pre- and post-intervention injury records and other indicators of musculoskeletal symptoms to monitor the impact of interventions on involved workers, and used biomechanical, metabolic, and postural analyses to evaluate the effectiveness of various approaches for handling cut grapes during vineyard harvest. We introduced a smaller, lighter tote bin with improved handles, reducing the average full bin load from 25.5 kg to 20.9 kg. The proportion of workers reporting pain lasting more than a week dropped from 61% to 26%. Biomechanical and metabolic assessments indicated reduced risk for WRMSD's. We are currently field-testing a conveyor system to reduce the height at which the bins are dumped.
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Szymanski, Erika Amethyst y Lloyd S. Davis. "Wine science in the Wild West: information-seeking behaviors and attitudes among Washington state winemakers and growers". Journal of Wine Research 26, n.º 4 (18 de septiembre de 2015): 270–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09571264.2015.1083954.
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Dold, Christian, Joshua Heitman, Gill Giese, Adam Howard, John Havlin y Tom Sauer. "Upscaling Evapotranspiration with Parsimonious Models in a North Carolina Vineyard". Agronomy 9, n.º 3 (23 de marzo de 2019): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9030152.
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Water stress can positively or negatively impact grape yield and yield quality, and there is a need for wine growers to accurately regulate water use. In a four-year study (2010–2013), energy balance fluxes were measured with an eddy-covariance (EC) system in a North Carolina vineyard (Vitis vinifera cv. Chardonnay), and evapotranspiration (ET) and the Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) calculated. A multiple linear regression model was developed to upscale ET using air temperature (Ta), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and Landsat-derived Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). Daily ET reached values of up to 7.7 mm day−1, and the annual ET was 752 ± 59 mm, as measured with the EC system. The grapevine CWSI was between 0.53–0.85, which indicated moderate water stress levels. Median vineyard EVI was between 0.22 and 0.72, and the EVI range (max–min) within the vineyard was 0.18. The empirical models explained 75%–84% of the variation in ET, and all parameters had a positive linear relationship to ET. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was 0.52–0.62 mm. This study presents easily applicable approaches to analyzing water dynamics and ET. This may help wine growers to cost-effectively quantify water use in vineyards.
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Kaps, Martin L., Marilyn B. Odneal y James F. Moore. "Wine and Table Grape Cultivar Evaluation in Missouri". HortScience 31, n.º 4 (agosto de 1996): 662c—662. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.662c.
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Wine and table grape vineyards were planted at Mountain Grove in 1985. Twenty-seven wine and 10 table grape cultivars were evaluated in respective 12 and 18 vine plots, replicated five times. Vineyard management practices were single curtain cordon training, dormant season balance pruning, protective spray program according to Missouri recommendations, grass sod row middles with preemergence herbicide applied underneath the trellis, and fertilization according to soil and petiole analysis. Cluster thinning and shoot positioning were done as needed. Productivity data was measured yearly and included: pruning weight, yield, cluster and berry weights, and juice °Brix, titratable acidity, and pH. Disease evaluation data was also taken on these cultivars. Based on these data and current market trends, two wine grape cultivar groups were identified: recommended, `Catawba', `Cayuga White', `Chambourcin', `Norton', `Seyval blanc', `Vidal blanc', and `Vignoles'; not recommended, `Aurore', `Baco noir', `Bellandais', `Chancellor', `Chelois', `Couderc noir', `DeChaunac', `Delaware', `Horizon', `LaCrosse', `Leon Millot', `Marechal Foch', `Melody', `Missouri Riesling', `Niagara', `Rayon d'Or', `Rougeon', `Ventura', `Villard noir', and `Vivant'. Three table grape cultivar groups were identified: recommended, `Mars' and `Reliance'; recommended for limited planting, `Canadice', `Vanessa', and `Vinered'; and not recommended, `Challenger', `Einset', `Festivee', `Himrod' and `Venus'. This information is used by growers to make cultivar decisions and also serves as a benchmark for comparing new grape germplasm coming into the state.
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Heien, Dale. "Price Formation in the California Winegrape Economy". Journal of Wine Economics 1, n.º 2 (2006): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1931436100000183.
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AbstractThis paper presents a theory of price determination for winegrapes in California. As the California wine economy developed, winegrape contracts took on a role as one of the centerpieces of this transformation. The theory is presented and it is shown how two important factors, weather and fi nancial uncertainty, served to shape the contracts. Hence, long term planting contracts for new vineyards, specifying the price, helped ameliorate the uncertainty to growers. Similarly, shorter contracts played a similar role for established vintners. The model deals with two types of growers: those with contracts made well before the year in question and those who will sign a contract in the Spring of the year of harvest. This paper hopes to illuminate these elements and their interaction. The model is then empirically estimated and tested. (JEL classifi cation: K12, Q11)
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Török, A. y J. Tóth. "Open characters of innovation management in the Hungarian wine industry". Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 59, No. 9 (4 de octubre de 2013): 430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/24/2013-agricecon.
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The paper examines the relationship between the use of specific knowledge and economic success among Hungarian grape growers and wine makers. In the last decade, Hungary has been left behind by world trends as represented by the increasing share of the premium and super-premium wines (which utilise higher knowledge) in the export development. According to our survey, one cause of this might be the inappropriate use and management of knowledge and skills which is ‘conditio sine qua non’ for wine making. The Hungarian wine regions (usually with resource-based, fordist type resource endowment) are rather knowledge users. We have found (based on the PCA estimation) that two principal components cover 77% of the total variance: ‘Size’ and ‘Innovation capabilities’. However, although the use and spread of skills is a basic component in explaining the differences of variation among the companies, it is not unambiguous in formulating the business success measured in different indicators. Because the small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) have limited resources in capital accumulation and knowledge creation, they need to maintain living network connections in order to expand their constrained innovation capabilities. Instead of the ‘closed’ type of innovation and knowledge accumulation, they utilise the ‘open’ way of acquiring knowledge, where they necessarily share their specific information with their partners, but at the same time, they are supplied with new knowledge which might be vital for their own progress. The majority of the Hungarian vine- and wine makers are not open enough in the different phases of the innovation process. However, our analysis proves that if they showed up mutuality especially in knowledge sharing with their competitors, they could improve their positions significantly. We conclude that the Hungarian wine enterprises – keeping the idea generation as well as its further development, elaboration and the adequate use within the frame of the company – can achieve market success.
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Wheeler, Sarah Ann y Angelika Marning. "Turning water into wine: Exploring water security perceptions and adaptation behaviour amongst conventional, organic and biodynamic grape growers". Land Use Policy 82 (marzo de 2019): 528–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.12.034.
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