Literatura académica sobre el tema "Women legislators – Indonesia – Sumatera Barat"

Abstrak: Rendahnya angka keterpilihan perempuan di lembaga Legislatif di Indonesia masih menjadi kajian menarik oleh beberapa kelompok sampai sekarang, sebut saja diantaranya yaitu kelompok pegiat gender. Salah satu lembaga legislatif di Indonesia yang memiliki masalah dengan angka rendahnya keterpilihan perempuan adalah Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Sejak hadirnya kebijakan pemerintah yang tertuang dalam pasal 65 UU nomor 12 tahun 2003 yaitu tentang penetapan kuota 30% keterwakilan politik perempuan di legislatif sebagai affirmative action dalam pemilu 2004 sampai sekarang, faktanya kebijakan tersebut masih belum mampu meningkatkan jumlah keterpilihan perempuan di lembaga legislatif. Selama 3 periode pemilu, jumlah laki-laki masih diatas jumlah perempuan. Bahkan angka kritis 30% untuk perempuan di lembaga legislatif pun tidak tercapai. Sejauh ini, angka maksimal keterpilihan perempuan yang ada di Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Barat hanya berjumlah 7 orang dari total keseluruhan sebanyak 65 orang. Tentunya, affirmative action perlu mengalami perbaikan lagi, sampai akhirnya kebijakan itu dapat menjadi solusi terhadap krisis perempuan dalam politik. Dari berbagai faktor penyebab tidak tercapainya tujuan peningkatan perempuan di lembaga legislatif, sepertinya butuh pembedahan kasus yang lebih mendalam lagi. Gunanya agar kebijakan yang dihasilkan lebih tepat sasaran, efektif dan efisien. Sedangkan manfaat akhirnya adalah dapat menjadi masukan untuk pemerintah dalam proses pembuatan kebijakan affirmative action yang sukses meningkatkan angka perempuan di lembaga legislatif di Indonesia pada umumnya dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Barat khususnya. Penelitian ini mempergunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik komparatif. Adapun beberapa konsep dan teori yang dipergunakan yaitu konsep affirmative action, teori keterwakilan politik perempuan, dan konsep bias gender. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kendala masih rendahnya keterwakilan politik perempuan di Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Barat disebabkan oleh faktor keuangan yang dimiliki calon, stereotype, gender, budaya patriarki dan lemahnya kemampuan caleg perempuan dalam politik serta modal komunikasi yang belum baik. Ada tiga hal untuk membuat kesuksesan terhadap kebijakan affirmative action yaitu pertama perbaikan dari aspek peraturan, kedua, perbaikan dari aspek perempuan calon dan ketiga adalah perbaikan dari pola pemikiran masyarakat.Kata kunci: Perkembangan Keterwakilan Politik Perempuan, Studi Komparatif, Affirmative Action, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Sumatera BaratAbstract: The low number of women elected at legislative institutions in Indonesia is still an interesting study by several groups until now, including the gender activist group. One of the legislative institutions in Indonesia that has problems with the low number of women being elected is the Regional Representative Council of the Province of West Sumatra. Since the introduction of a special temporary government policy for women/affirmative action (2004 elections) until now, the fact is that the policy has not been able to increase the number of women elected in the legislature. During the 3 election periods, the number of men was still above the number of women. Even the 30% critical figure for women in the legislature was not reached. So far, the maximum number of women elected in the Regional Representative Council of West Sumatra Province is only 7 people out of a total of 65 people. Of course, affirmative action needs to be improved again, until finally the policy can be a solution to the crisis of women in politics. Of the various factors that have not achieved the goal of increasing women in the legislature, it seems that more in-depth cases are needed. The point is that the resulting policies are more targeted, effective and efficient. While the final benefit is that it can be input for the government in the process of making a successful affirmative action policy that increases the number of women in the legislative body in Indonesia in general and the Regional Representative Council of West Sumatra Province in particular. This study uses qualitative methods with comparative techniques. Some of the concepts and theories used are the concept of affirmative action, the theory of women's political representation, and the concept of gender bias. The results showed that the constraints of the low political representation of women in the Regional Representatives Council of West Sumatra Province were caused by financial factors owned by candidates, stereotypes, gender, patriarchal culture and the weak ability of female candidates in politics and lack of communication capital. There are three things to make a success of the affirmative action policy, namely the first improvement from the aspect of regulation, second, the improvement from the aspect of a prospective woman and third is the improvement of the community's mindset.Key words: Women Political Representation, Comparative Study, Affirmative Action, Regional Representative Council of the Province of West Sumatra

Talking about politics is not just talking about power and influence that tends to benefit a handful of parties. However, politics must also talk about participation and representation. Participation and representation in question is how politics has the will to accommodate the diversity of society that has been marginalized, especially women. Women's representation on the political stage is evidenced by women's participation in the legislature in order to create friendly and gender-sensitive public policy making. The purpose of this study is to describe the factors causing the decline of women's involvement in the legislature in West Sumatra. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with descriptive type. The findings of this study indicate that the decline in representation of women in the West Sumatra DPRD from 7 people in the 2014-2019 period to 4 in the 2019-2024 period. This is due to (1) The perspective that considers the strong patriarchal paradigm in most Indonesian people, (2) Women have a multi-dual role to take care of domestic and public life, (3) People's mindset that tends to idolize brave men and bears to be elected, (4) Women do not choose women, meaning the low awareness of women to choose women legislative candidates, (5) Political organizations do not really have full commitment to empower women. Comprehensively, the role of women is very limited in policy making and decision making and leadership positions that are still held by men due to socio-cultural conditions which make it difficult for women to be fully involved in it.

Politeness happens in good situations not only in regular dan formal conversations with the speaker, but also in non-formal and irregular conversation, and the speaker is in a bad situation. This article is, then, aimed at describing the forms of the politeness of the speakers who are in anger. The objective of the study is to identify the forms politeness in that verbal violence. The data were taken in Sumatera Barat. To obtain the data, the observational method with note-taking, recording, and interviewing was conducted. Fifteen women were being interviewed, and thirteen men (husband) from Sumatera Barat. The data were analyzed by using the concept of politeness (Oktavianus Revita, 2013) and verbal violence against women (Cantwell, Farzanegan, Khan, 2000). The result of the analysis is descriptively done in which some tables and charts were used to display the number of the occurrence of certain data. The percentage was also used. The findings pointed out that there were four forms of politeness in domestic verbal violence. They are politeness of 1) request; 2) refusal; 3) promise; and 4) expressiveness. Politeness of requests occurs most dominantly because the speakers wanted these women to do what they expected.

Tulisan ini mencoba menjelaskan fenomena keterpinggiran kaum perempuan Minangkabu di Sumatera Barat. Beberapa konsep teoritik feminis digunakan untuk menganalisis bagaimana konstruksi sistem sosial masyarakat memposisikan perempuan dalam realitas kehidupannya. Lalu, membaca posisi ketertindasan perempuan dalam kemiskinannya atau kemiskinan perempuan dalam ketertindasannya. Pembahasan ini menjadi penting disebabkan fakta menunjukkan betapa banyak kaum perempuan Minang berjuang melawan kemiskinan yang sering terlihat melawan kodratnya. Pada posisi ini, pembahasan ini diharapkan dapat membuka pemahman atas dominasi perempuan dalam kultur Minangkabau, Sumatera Barat. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif­fenomenologis, sebagai usaha ekplorasi dan klarifikasi yang kemudian menjelaskan fenomana pemiskinan kaum perempuan sebagai realitas sosial. Belenggu kemiskinan perempuan dalam studi ini dilatari oleh dua hal yaitu ketidakberdayaannya dalam melawan kultur yang bersifat paternalistik dan hambatannya dalam menemukan akses ekonomi yang lebih baik untuk kehidupan yang lebih bermartabat.[This article explains the phenomenon of marginalization on Minangkabau women in West Sumatra. The author uses some feminist theoretical concepts to analyze how social construction puts women in their reality of life. Then, to read the position of women oppression in their poverty, or women’s poverty in their oppression. This research is important because the facts show that many Minangkabau women struggle against poverty which often seems to be against their nature. In this position, this research is expected to reveal the understanding of women’s dominance in Minangkabau culture, West Sumatra. This research uses a descriptive-phenomenological approach as an exploration and clarification effort, then explains the phenomenon of women’s impoverishment as a social reality. The poverty shackles of women in this research are based on two things, namely their inadequacy against the paternalistic culture and its obstacles to find better economic access for a more dignified life.]

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p><br /><strong>Latar belakang:</strong> Anemia kehamilan masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di negara berkembang yang berkontribusi terhadap risiko tinggi komplikasi kehamilan. Indonesia sebagai negara berkembang memiliki risiko anemia yang lebih tinggi yang bisa disebabkan oleh kekurangan asupan zat gizi mikro, infeksi, atau faktor sosial-demografis lainnya.<br /><strong>Tujuan:</strong> Identifikasi prevalensi dan faktor risiko anemia pada ibu hamil yang tinggal di Sumatera Barat, Indonesia.<br /><strong>Metode</strong>: Penelitian ini adalah analisis data sekunder dari studi kohort prospektif yaitu "“Vitamin D Pregnant Mother (VDPM) di Sumatera Barat". Subyek ibu hamil trimester diperoleh dari Puskesmas di Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Waktu penelitian dilakukan pada Januari-Maret 2017. Data demografi, sosial ekonomi, antropometri, dan Riwayat kesehatan ibu diteliti. Regresi logistik biner multivariatdigunakan untuk menentukan faktor-faktor terkait anemia. Dalam semua kasus, nilai p kurang dari 0,05 dianggap signifikan secara statistik.<br /><strong>Hasil:</strong> 176 ibu hamil yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi diambil dalam penelitian ini. Prevalensi anemia ditemukan sebesar 61,90%. Rerata konsentrasi hemoglobin adalah 10,56 ± 1,41 g / dL. Prevalensi anemia sedang dan ringan masing-masing adalah 34% dan 27%. Status anemia ibu hamil trimester ketiga berhubungan dengan wanita yang memiliki &lt;upah minimum/bulan (AOR: 5.15; 95% CI: 1.30-20.47), pengetahuan gizi ibu yang rendah (AOR: 15.88; 95% CI: 3.82- 66.02), IMT sebelum kehamilan &lt;25 kg/m2 (AOR: 11.82; 95% CI: 2.70-51.69), dan tidak patuh konsumsi suplemen zat besi (AOR: 29.69; 95% CI: 6.58-133.91).<br /><strong>Kesimpulan:</strong> Terdapat masih tingginya prevalensi anemia pada wanita hamil di Sumatera Barat. Oleh karena itu, meningkatkan kesadaran akan suplementasi zat besi dan kesehatan yang berkaitan dengan nutrisi selama kehamilan perlu dipertimbangkan untuk meningkatkan status kesehatan ibu untuk mengurangi anemia. Namun, penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan dengan ukuran sampel yang besar untuk mengkonfirmasi temuan ini.</p><p><strong>KATA KUNCI:</strong> anemia; faktor risiko; kehamilan; trimester ketiga; Sumatra Barat</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong></strong><br /><strong>Background:</strong> Anemia during pregnancy remain to be a public health problem in developing countries which contributes to the high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Indonesia as developing country has a higher risk of anemia that could be due to high of deficiencies of micronutrients intake, infection, or other socio-demographic factors.<br /><strong>Objectives:</strong> The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors anemia among pregnant women living in West Sumatra, Indonesia.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> The study is a secondary data analysis of prospective cohort study named “Vitamin D Pregnant Mother (VDPM) study in West Sumatra”. The third trimester pregnant women were enrolled from the public health centers in West Sumatra Province from January to March 2017. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data of demographic, socio-economic, anthropometry, and maternal health from all the study subjects. A multivariate binary logistic regression had been used to determine the associated factors of anemia. In all cases, P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> 176 pregnant women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled this study. The prevalence of anemia was 61.90%. The mean of hemoglobin concentration was 10.56±1.41 g/dL. Moderate and mild anemia prevalence were 34% and 27%, respectively. The third trimester of pregnant women anemia status were associated with women who had &lt;minimum wage/month (AOR: 5.15; 95%CI: 1.30-20.47), low-moderate maternal nutrition knowledge (AOR: 15.88; 95%CI: 3.82-66.02), pre-pregnancy BMI &lt;25 kg/m2 (AOR: 11.82; 95%CI: 2.70-51.69), and no adherence iron supplement intake status (AOR: 29.69; 95%CI: 6.58-133.91).<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There was a high prevalence of anemia status in the third pregnant women in West Sumatra. Therefore, raise awareness of iron supplementation and health related to nutrition during pregnancy need to be considered to improve maternal health status to reduce anemia. However, further studies required with large sample size to confirm this finding.</p><p><strong>KEYWORDS:</strong> anemia; risk factors; third trimester; pregnancy; West Sumatra</p>

Bayi Baru Lahir dan neonatus memiliki resiko ganggguan kesehatan paling tinggi, berbagai masalah kesehatan bisa muncul, sehingga tanpa penanganan yang tepat, akan memiliki dampak berbahaya pada bayi. Saat ini, Indonesia sedang menghadapi bencana nasional non alam Covid-19 sehingga pelayanan kesehatan maternal dan neonatal menjadi salah satu layanan yang terkena dampak baik secara akses maupun kualitas. Kasus Covid-19 untuk wilayah Sumatera Barat yang masih meningkat dan kasus positif tidak hanya terjadi pada wanita yang sehat, namun juga ada yang tanpa gelaja, wanita hamil, menyusui, bayi baru lahir, anak dan dewasa. Agar ibu dan bayi tetap dapat selalu mendapatkan asuhan selama masa pandemi, maka sebagai bidan dapat dilakukan asuhan kebidanan berkelanjutan (Continuity of care) pada ibu dan keluarga dengan lebih inovatif dengan tetap harus memperhatikan protokol kesehatan dalam memberikan asuhan pada ibu dan bayi. Tujuan yang akan dicapai dalam kegiatan ini adalah meningkatnya angka derajat kesehatan yang lebih baik pada bayi, sehat fisik dan tumbuh serta berkembang secara normal di era pandemi covid-19. Metode yang dipakai dengan melakukan survey dan wawancara untuk pengumpulan data, analisis data, penyajian data, merumuskan pembahasan dan selanjutnya diberikan komunikasi, informasi dan edukasi (KIE) dilakukan dengan metode daring dengan menggunakan aplikasi SMS,video conference, zoom,WA dan aplikasi lainnya. Kata kunci : Bayi Baru Lahir, Neonatus, Covid-19, Continuity of Care ABSTRACT Newborn and neonatus have the highest risk of health problems, various health problems can arise. So that without proper handling, it will have a dangerous impact on the baby. Currently, Indonesia is facing a national non-natural disaster Covid-19 so that maternal and neonatal health services are among the services that are affected both in terms of access and quality. Covid-19 cases for the West Sumatra region are still increasing and positive cases do not only occur in healthy women, but also those who are uneasy, pregnant, breastfeeding, newborns, children and adults. So that mothers and babies can always receive care during the pandemic, as a midwife continuous midwifery care can be carried out for mothers and families more innovatively while still having to pay attention to health protocols in providing care to mothers and babies. The goals in this event that will be achieved are to increase the health status in babies, physically healthy and grow and develop normally in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used by conducting surveys and interviews for data collection, data analysis, data presentation, formulating discussions and give the education, information by online using SMS, video conferencing applications, zoom, WA and other video applications. Keywords: Newborns, Neonates, Covid-19, Continuity of Care

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Background: Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is one of health problems in Indonesia that has major impact on survival and quality of human resources. Iodine is an essential component of thyroid hormone, meanwhile thyroid hormone has an important role in reproductive function. Nutritional anemia is also a nutrition problem in Indonesia. Thyroid hormone deficiency may cause disorder in hemoglobin synthesis due to lack of thyroxine hormone and the incidence of intestine failure to absorb Fe. In hypothyroid condition, the amount of gastric acid secretion will decrease that disrupts absorption of nutrients, including Fe.</p><p>Objectives: To identify association between goitre status and menstruation pattern and the incidence of anemia in legible women at IDD endemic area of Kenagarian Siguntur Subdistrict of Sitiung District of Dharmasraya Province of Sumatera Barat.</p><p>Methods: The study was observational with cross sectional design that was carried out at Kenagarian Siguntur Subdistrict of Sitiung District of Tanah Datar. Subject of the study were 154 legible women with inclusion criteria 20-40 years old and willing to become respondent and have blood examination. Samples were taken using simple random sampling method. Data analysis used chi-square and logistic regression.</p><p>Results: The result of data analysis showed that some respondents had goitre (29.9%), menstruation problem (35.1%), and were anemic (37.0%). The result of statistical analysis showed that there was association between goitre status and menstruation pattern (OR: 6.562, 95% CI: 3.076-13.99, p&lt;0.005) and anemia (OR: 3.229, 95% CI: 1.577-6.612, p&lt;0.005).</p><p>Conclusions: Goitre status had significant association with menstruation pattern and the incidence of anemia.</p><p>KEYWORDS: iodine deficiency disorder (IDD), menstruation pattern, anemia</p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Latar belakang: Gangguan akibat kekurangan yodium (GAKY) di Indonesia merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan. Hal ini disebabkan yodium merupakan komponen penting hormon tiroid, yang juga berperan penting dalam fungsi reproduksi. Defisiensi hormon tiroid dapat mengakibatkan gangguan sintesis hemoglobin dan absorbs besi di usus.</p><p>Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan status gondok dengan pola menstruasi dan kejadian anemia pada wanita usia subur daerah endemik GAKY di Kenagarian Siguntur Kecamatan Sitiung Kabupaten Dharmasraya Propinsi Sumatera Barat.</p><p>Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan menggunakan rancangan penelitian cross sectional, yang dilakukan di Kenegarian Siguntur Kecamatan Sitiung Kabupaten Tanah Datar. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 154 orang wanita usia subur yang dipilih menggunakan metode simple random sampling. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik.</p><p>Hasil: Wanita usia subur yang menderita gondok, mengalami gangguan menstruasi, dan kejadian anemia berturut-turut sebesar 29,9%, 35,1%, dan 37,0%. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan ada hubungan antara status gondok dengan pola menstruasi (x2=26,191, OR: 6,563, 95% CI: 3,076-13,99, p&lt;0,001) dan anemia (x2=10,708, OR: 3,229,95% CI: 1,577-6,612, p&lt;0,005).</p><p>Kesimpulan: Status gondok mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan pola menstruasi dan kejadian anemia.</p><p>KATA KUNCI: gangguan akibat kekurangan yodium (GAKY), pola menstruasi, anemia</p>

Since early of twentieth century mass media is one of the professional jobs which they done By Minangkabau People, both as journalist or auhtor and publisher. Beside as teacher carier, It seems that the mass media is the professional field that done ealiest of them. Establishing of Minangkabau identity is closely ralated to existence of mass media; with mass media progressing and having dialectic. The intelectual richness of Minangkabau since the early 20th century was known at national level is also not separated from the existence of mass media. Their identity also determained by the mass media; locality, nationalism and globalization influences are processed in mass media to form different Minangkabau world from time to time. This paper presents the establishing of the identiy of Minangkabau people through the mass media on various problem in a historical perspective, mainly after 1950’s. REFERENCES A.A. Navis, 1986. Pasang Surut Pengusaha Pejuang: Otobiografi Hasjim Ning, Jakarta: Grafiti Pers. Abrar Yusra, 1994. Otobiografi A.A. Navis Satiris dan Suara Kritis dari daerah, Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Abrar Yusra, ed., 1997. Tokoh yang Berhati Rakyat: Biografi Harun Zain, Jakarta: Gebu Minang. Abrar Yusra et. al, 2016. Bung Nasrul Siddik, Jakarta: Teras Cajrawala Ilmu. Abrar Yusra, 2009. H. Basril Djabar Sahabat Kita, Padang: Genta Singgalang Press. Abrar Yusra, ed. 2009. Sekali di Daerah tetap di Daerah: Otobiografi H. Basril DJabar Sebagaimana Dituturkan kepada Abrar Yusra, Padang: Genta Singgalang Press. Azyumardi Azra, 2003. Surau Pendidikan Islam Tradisional dalam Transisi dan Modernisasi, Yogyakarta: Logos. Anderson, B, 2001. Imagined Commuunity: Komunitas-Komunitas Terbayang, Yogyakarta: Insist. Feith, Herbert, & Lance Castles, ed., 1988.. Pemikiran Politik Indonesia 1945-1965, Jakarta: LP3ES Grave, E.E. 2007. Asal-Usul Elite Minangkabau Moderen Respons TerhadapKolonial Belanda Abad XIX/XX, Jakarta: YOI. Halida Hanum, 1993. Surat Kabar Aman Makmur 1963-1971, thesis Degree, Faculty of Letters, Andalas University. Hasril Chaniago & Khairul Jasmi, 1998. Brigadir Jenderal Polisi Kaharoedin Datuk Rangkayo Basa, Jakarta: Sinar Harapan. Harian Haluan, 1970-2017. Harian Singgalang 1969-2017. Jansson, David R, 2003. “American National Identity and The Progress of the New South in National”, Geographical Review; 93 (3) p. 350 Kasoema, 1958. Persuratkabaran di Sumatera Tengah in Kenangan Sekilas Sejarah Perdjuangan Pers Sebangsa, Jakarta: SPS. Labeș, Sebastian Andrei, n.y. “Globalization and Cultural Identity Dilemas”, CES Working Papers – Volume VI, Issue 1 Loeb, Edwin M., 1972. Sumatra Its History and People, Kualalumpur-Jakarta: Oxford University Press. Maryn, L John and Anju Chaudary, 1997. Sistem Media Massa Suatu Perbandingan, Kualalumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. M.D. Mansoer, et.al. 1970. Sedjarah Minangkabau, Jakarta: Bhratara. Mohammad Hatta, 1960. Demokrasi Kita, Jakarta: Pustaka Antara P.T. Oman Fahurrahman, 2008. Tarekat Syatariyah di Minangkabau, Jakarta: Prenada Media Group-EFEO-KITLV. Perret, Daniel, 2010. Kolonialisme dan Etnisitas: Batak dan Melayu di Sumatera Timur, Jakarta: KPG-EFEO-P3AN. Usman Pelly, 1998. Urbanisasi dan Adaptasi Peranan Misi Budaya Minangkabau dan Mandailing, Jakarta: LP3ES. Saafroedin Bahar, 2015. Etnik, Elite dan Integrasi Nasional : Minangkabau 1945-1984, Republik Indonesia 1985-2015, Yogyakarta: Gre Publishing. Sen, Amartya, Ed. 2007. Peace and Democratic Society, Open Book Publishers. Katić, Mario, Nataša Gregorič Bon, John Eade, 2017.”Landscape and heritage Interplay:Spatial and temporal explorations” pp. 5-18 in Anthropological Notebooks, XXIII/3, Taufik Abdullah, “Modernization in the Minangkabau world: West Sumatera in Early Decades of theTwentieth Century” in Claire Holt, Culture and Politic in Indonesia, Singapore: Equinox Publishing PTE LTD, 2007. Taufik Abdullah, 2018. Sekolah dan Politik: Pergerakan Kaum Muda di Sumatera Barat 1927-1933, Yogyakarta: Suara Muhammadyah. Wannofri Samry,2013. "Penerbitan Akhbar dan Majalah di Sumatera Utara 1902-1942: Proses perjuangan Identiti dan Nasionalisme. Disertasi PhD, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Wannofri Samry, 2011. "Medan Press: National Identity Finding Process ", Historia Vol. XII, no. 1 Wannofri Samry, 2012. "Ideas and Activities of Journalists of Minangkabau Women in the Dutch Colonial Period", Jebat: Malaysian Journal of History, Politics and Strategic Studies, 39 (2).

<p><em>West Sumatera ranked 13^thout of 33 provinces of HIV/AIDS cases in Indonesia by 2003. Bukittinggi occupied the second highest rank after Padang.HIV/AIDS cases are dominated by the age of 20-29 years. In 2014, 188 case of HIV/AIDS recorded, in West Sumatera, 156 people died, 73people from Padang, 15 people from Bukittinggi, and 11 people from Agam Regency. This study aims to determine the factor wich cause Male sex behavior with another man(LSL) in Bukittinggi by 2016. This is a qualitative research. Informant consisted of 2 LSL men, 7 conselours, and 8 LSL.The data was gained from the in-depth interviews focus group discussion. The cause of LSL from parental upbringing using the three parenting patterns, authoritarian, permissi, and democratic. From the aspect of psychodynamics, they were closer to the older siter. The role of father in effective, lack of love, violence, to the were looking for father figure outside the house. Mother would prefer a daughter and impose her child to behave like a women. From social sexual aspects, the experience being sexualy a bused by the same sex in yunior and senior high school and also teacher. The cause of LSL from parental upbringing, psychodynamics and sexual aspects.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p>Pada tahun 2013 Provinsi Sumatra Barat menduduki rangking ke 13 dari 33 propinsi di Indonesia. Kota Bukittinggi menduduki rangking kedua terbanyak kasus HIV/AIDS setelah kota Padang. Kasus HIV/AIDS didominasi usia 20- 29 tahun. Pada tahun 2014 tercatat 188 kasus. Jumlah HIV/AIDS yang meninggal di Sumbar 156 orang yang berasal dari Padang 73 orang, Bukittinggi 15 orang, Kabupaten Agam 11 orang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab perilaku laki-laki suka berhubungan seks dengan laki-laki(LSL) di Kota Bukittinggi Tahun 2016. Metode penelitian adalah penelitian kualitatif. Informan adalah 2 orang laki-laki yang suka berhubungan seks dengan laki-laki <em>(</em>LSL) 7 orang konselor, 8 orang LSL. Tekhnik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam dan diskusi kelompok terarah. Penyebab LSLdari pola asuh orangtua menggunakan ketiga pola asuh yaitu otoriter, permisif dan demokratis. Dari aspek dinamika psikologis,lebih dekat kepada kakak perempuan. Peran ayah tidak efektif, kurang kasih sayang, kekerasan, sehingga mencari sosok ayah diluar rumah.Ibu lebih menginginkan anak perempuan dan memberlakukan anaknya seperti perempuan. Aspek pengalaman seksual, informan pernah mengalami kekerasan seksual dengan jenis kelamin sama waktu masih sekolah SMP,SMA serta guru. Penyebab perilaku laki-laki suka berhubungan seks dengan laki-laki adalah faktor pola asuh orangtua, dinamika psikologis dan pengalaman seksual.</p><p><em><br /></em></p>

Latar Belakang. Kanker payudara merupakan keganasan pada perempuan terbanyak ke-dua di dunia dan merupakan keganasan dengan tingkat kejadian tertinggi ke-dua di Indonesia. Kanker payudara disebabkan oleh faktor risiko yang dapat dimodifikasi dan tidak dapat dimodifikasi. Salah satu faktor risiko yang dapat dimodifikasi yang dicurigai menyebabkan kanker payudara adalah paparan asap rokok lingkungan, baik paparan asap rokok dari suami, rekan kerja, dan orang tua saat kecil. Objektif. Mengetahui profil paparan asap rokok lingkungan pada pasien kanker payudara di Sumatera Barat tahun 2020 Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 107 orang pasien yang sedang rawat jalan atau rawat inap di di Bagian Bedah RSUP Dr. M. Djamil, RS Pendidikan Universitas Andalas, dan RSI Ibnu Sina Padang dari Januari 2020 – Maret 2020. Hasil. Sebanyak 90 (84,1%) pasien terpapar asap rokok lingkungan. Simpulan. Pasien yang terpapar asap rokok lingkungan lebih banyak lima kali lipat daripada yang tidak terpapar asap rokok lingkungan. Kata kunci: kanker payudara, faktor risiko yang dapat dimodifikasi, paparan asap rokok lingkungan, sumatera barat Background. Breast cancer is the second most common malignancy in women in the world and the second highest malignancy incidence rate in Indonesia. Breast cancer is caused by modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors One of the modifiable risk factors factor suspected of causing breast cancer is exposure to environmental cigarette smoke, such as exposure to cigarette smoke from husband, coworkers, and parents as a child. Objective. To determine the he profile of environmental cigarette smoke exposure in breast cancer patients in West Sumatra in 2020. Methods. This research is a descriptive study with a sample of 107 patients who are being treated as outpatients or inpatients in the Department of Surgery Dr. M. Djamil, Andalas University Hospital, and Ibnu Sina Padang Hospital from January 2020 - March 2020 Results. 90 (84.1%) patients were exposed to environmental cigarette smoke Conclusion. Patients who are exposed to environmental cigarette smoke are lima times more likely than those who are not exposed Keyword: breast cancer, modifiable risk factor, environmental cigarette smoke, West Sumatra