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1
Dlamini, Betty Sibongile. "Women and theatre for development in Swaziland". Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2008. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28833/.
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This thesis explores women and theatre for development in Swaziland. It focuses on how theatre for development is used as a tool in the development of women. Firstly, I examine the key concepts used throughout the thesis and I pay special attention to Theatre for Development. In the second chapter, I give an account of the country's history and pay special attention to the social status of women. In chapter 3, I examine the various forms of performance found in Swaziland and how they impact on the development of Swazi women. In the fourth chapter, I consider the evolution of literary practice in Swaziland and discuss two play-texts in English by H.I.E Dhlomo, a key literary figure and pioneer playwright of modem black drama in South Africa. I explore A Witch in My Heart by Hilda Kuper, a white anthropologist who lived in Swaziland in the mid twentieth century, and lastly. The Paper Bride by Zodwa Motsa, a contemporary Swazi writer. Next, in chapter 5, 1 investigate the first phase of Theatre for Development in Swaziland where non-governmental organizations, the Swazi Government and independent individuals worked together using Theatre for Development in Swazi communities. I consider first the workshops initiated by the youth. In chapter 6, I give an account of workshops involving whole communities and the kudliwa inhloko ebandla, a workshop that involved men only. In all these workshops 1 examine how they impacted on the development of women. I then conclude with a discussion of the findings of the study and their implications for the development of women.
2
Calnan, Marianne. "Determinants of Cervical Cancer Screening in HIV-Positive Young Women in Swaziland". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6405.
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In Swaziland, cases of cervical cancer among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-positive adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) are increasing, but there is low uptake of cervical cancer screening. This study was conducted using the systems thinking theory to explore the relationships between the uptake of cervical cancer screening among HIV-positive AGYW in Swaziland and the availability of trained health providers, cervical screening services, and the provision of referrals for cervical screening. The study also investigated any differences in uptake of cervical screening based on age group. For this quantitative cross-sectional study, secondary HIV program data that were collected routinely between January 2016 and March 2018 were accessed. Data were described with univariate analysis while relationships were tested using bivariate analysis and logistic regression. Most facilities (97%) had staff who had been trained; facilities with greater numbers of trained staff were more likely to have a higher uptake (OR: 30.3, p = 0.000). Facilities with cervical screening services were also more likely to have a higher uptake (x2 = 16.94, p = 0.000), and facilities with all the core components for screening had the highest uptake (p = 0.002). AGYW who had a positive screen were referred equally but the referral rate was low (20.45%). There was no difference in uptake by age group. The results of the study can increase knowledge of the institutional factors that contribute to the low uptake of cervical cancer screening among HIV-positive AGYW and has implications for social change by informing interventions for improving cervical cancer screening uptake in HIV-positive AGYW in similar settings, ultimately reducing the high costs, morbidity, and mortality related to cervical cancer in this population.
3
Manson, Katherine Elizabeth. "Comparing and contrasting liberal, communitarian and feminist approaches to resolving tensions between customary and constitutional law: the case of polygamy in Swaziland". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003011.
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Tensions between the individual rights and freedoms found in constitutional bills of rights and the traditionally prescribed social roles and positions articulated in African customary law systems have often been characterised as tensions between communitarian and liberal philosophies. In particular, the notion of gender equality, which is often a feature of the protections offered by constitutional bills of rights, is seen to be in direct opposition to the overtly patriarchal character of many African customs and traditions. This thesis looks specifically at polygamy, long and widely considered in the West to be an oppressive practice premised on the assumed inferiority of women. The analysis considers the implications of polygamy in a particular cultural context, that of the Kingdom of Swaziland, where the newly instituted constitution is often seen to be incompatible with many aspects of Swazi customary law. Here, the tension between the constitutional commitment to gender equality and the persistence of polygamy as a seemingly discriminatory cultural practice forms a lens through which to view the debate as a whole. The theoretical analysis is supplemented by empirical research sourced from local media archives and in-depth interviews conducted with twelve Swazi women, both unmarried and married in polygamous relationships. Communitarian and liberal approaches to resolving this tension are compared, contrasted and finally critiqued from a feminist standpoint. The feminist critique of both communitarianism and liberalism implies that neither ideology promises much for women and affirms the relatively recent feminist suggestion that the key to resolving tensions between constitutional and customary law in general, and to uplifting the social/legal status of women in particular lies in the enhancement of women’s democratic participation and the improvement of women’s decision-making powers.
4
Chouraya, Caspian. "Factors Associated with ART Initiation among Eligible HIV Positive Pregnant Women in Swaziland". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79214.
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Conclusions: ART initiation is very important for HIV positive women both for their own
health and for prevention HIV transmission to their children. This study found that ART
initiation among eligible pregnant women in Swaziland was statistically associated with
the presence of partner support and favourable perceptions of benefits of ART after
multiple logistic regression analysis. Stronger counselling and education for pregnant
women and male involvement strategies need to be implemented as momentum gathers
towards elimination of paediatric HIV by 2015.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
Epidemiology
MSc
Unrestricted
5
Nkambule, Minah Thembi. "Apparel sizing and fit preferences and problems of plus-size Swazi working women". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25978.
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Clothes are not only for body protection and covering, but they also have social and emotional aspects attached to them. For them to be appealing, they need to have a proper fit while remaining fashionable and aesthetically pleasing to the eye (Anderson, Brannon, Ulrich, Presley&Woronka, Grasso&Gray,2000; Yoo, 2003). Swaziland has a large population of plus-size women who are working in different departments and need to dress for the job on a daily basis. Their apparel sizing and fit preferences and problems are not known. This research investigates apparel sizing and fit preferences and problems of the plus-size Swazi working women. It concentrates specifically on the functional, aesthetic and economic fit preferences, as well as on determining size labelling preferences, knowledge and clothing styles preferences and problems. This was a descriptive study using a quantitative approach. Purposive sampling was used. This design was chosen as it focused on studying plus-size working women who were experiencing fit problems with the apparel they bought from local apparel retail shops. A survey using a questionnaire to collect data was done in exploring apparel sizing and fit problems and preferences of plus-size working women of Swaziland. A sample of plus-size Swazi working female teachers (n = 249) between the ages of 25 and 60 years who had indicated that they wore clothes of size 16 to 28+ or size 40 to 52+ participated in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to answer set objectives. The results of the study indicated that the plus-size Swazi working women preferred clothes that were functionally comfortable, fitted well and were made in comfortable fabric. They also indicated that they preferred clothes that were well sized, had a fit that was functional, sensually and emotionally pleasing in respect of style, the fabric used and comfort. The study also reflected that plus-size Swazi working women experienced sizing and fit problems in most of the apparel they bought from local retail outlets. A high number of the plus-size women consumers reported experiencing difficulty in finding clothes that were aesthetically pleasing. They could not find clothes that were fashionable in their size nor clothes that could satisfy their emotional and symbolic egos. A high number of respondents also indicated that they experienced a lot of fit problems on several areas of their bodies. The waist, hips, buttocks, abdomen and upper arms seemed to be the most problematic body areas respondents reported to be having fit problems. The lengths were also a challenge as most had problems with sleeve and pants length. Findings in this study also reflected that sizing in clothes was still a major problem for most of the plus-size consumers. Many of the respondents had problems understanding information on the size tags. The sizing systems were most probably confusing for the consumer as some came in varying numbers and letters. This study may contribute to a better understanding of sizing and fit preferences and problems experienced by the plussize Swazi working women with regard to work apparel. Consumers come in different shapes and sizes. The clothing producer has a task of ensuring that clothes are made to fit most of the prevailing figure types, rather than the common ideal figure.Dissertation (MConsumer Science)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Consumer Science
unrestricted
6
Dlamini, Vukile Vinah. "Adult women in Eluyengweni Swaziland : their food practices and knowledge of indigenous green leafy vegetables". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60802.
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Concern regarding the decline in the knowledge and use of indigenous green vegetables exists in many southern African regions including Swaziland. Reasons for this are, amongst others, attributed to a lack of inter-generational knowledge transfer, the influence of westernisation and changing food values and attitudes, as people nowadays regard indigenous green leafy vegetables as a low status food. It is imperative that knowledge of these foods be documented before it is lost to future generation. Indigenous green leafy vegetables have long been considered healthier options than the many recently introduced western-orientated foods, which are closely linked to chronic lifestyle diseases.
The aim of this study was to determine, describe and compare the knowledge of indigenous green leafy vegetables among two generations of rural Swazi women from the Eluyengweni community, and how it manifests in their food practices. Studies on indigenous green leafy vegetables in Swaziland are limited. This study will fill the knowledge gap in this field.
The human ecological perspective was adopted as theoretical perspective and an explorative mixed method approach was followed. Qualitative data was collected through focus group discussions with younger (25-45 years) and older (over 45 years) women. Face-to-face structured interviews provided quantitative data on the knowledge the women had of indigenous green leafy vegetables, including their procurement, preparation, preservation and consumption patterns. The convenience sample comprised 102 respondents. Observation was done concurrently during both phases of data collection and photographs accompanied comprehensive field notes.
It transpired that the availability of indigenous green leafy vegetables had declined in the community and those that were available were not easily accessible as they were located on the outskirts of the community. In spite of changes in the physical and natural environment, some indigenous green leafy vegetable species are still available in summer. It is clear that the older women, in comparison to their younger counterparts, had more knowledge of indigenous green leafy vegetables in terms of identifying them, where they are found and how they are used. Familiar and available indigenous green leafy vegetables such as imbuya (Amaranthus), chuchuza (Bidens pilosa) were preferred, and consumed fairly regularly. Although indigenous green leafy vegetables were still part of the food practices in this community, their consumption among the younger generation had declined. However, due to factors related to modernisation, economic influences and technological advancement the majority of both the younger and older participants seem to have become dependent on, and often include, western-orientated food in their food consumption patterns.
Based on the results, recommendations are made to capture and preserve the knowledge of indigenous green leafy vegetables in this community and to revive interest in these vegetables and promote their consumption.Daar is 'n besorgdheid oor die afname in kennis in die gebruik van inheemse groen blaargroentes in baie streke in Suider Afrika, insluitend Swaziland. Redes wat hiervoor aangevoer word, is onder andere, die gebrekkige oordrag van kennis van een geslag na die volgende, die invloed van verwestering asook 'n verandering in waardes en houdings aangesien mense inheemse groen blaargroentes deesdae as 'n lae status voedsel beskou. Daarom is dit noodsaaklik dat kennis oor hierdie voedsel gedokumenteer word voordat dit verlore gaan vir die nageslag. Inheemse groen blaargroentes word gesonder geag in vergelyking met Westers-georienteerde voedsel, wat op hul beurt nou geassosieer word met kroniese lewenstyl siektes. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die kennis van inheemse groen blaargroentes van twee geslagte landelike Swazi vroue van die Eluyengweni gemeenskap te bepaal, beskryf en te vergelyk asook hoe dit manifesteer in hul voedselpraktyke. Studies oor inheemse groen blaargroentes in Swaziland is beperk en hierdie studie dra by om die leemte in kennis in hierdie studieveld te vul. Die menslike ekologiese perspektief is a teoretiese perspektief gebruik en 'n verkennende gemengde metodologie is as navorsingsbenadering gevolg. Kwalitatiewe data is deur middle van fokusgroep gesprekke met beide die jonger (25-45 jaar) en ouer (ouer as 45 jaar) vroue ingesamel. Met behulp van gestruktureerde individuele onderhoude is kwantitatiewe data oor die kennis van inheemse groen blaargroentes ingesamel wat die verkryging, voorbereiding, preservering en verbruikspatrone van hierdie groentes ingesluit het. 'n Geriefssteekproef van 102 respondente het aan die studie deelgeneem. Waarnemings is gedurende beide fases van die data insameling uitgevoer en fotos en volledige veldnotas is ingesluit. Dit is duidelik dat die beskikbaarheid van inheemse groen blaargroentes in hierdie gemeenskap afgeneem het, en dit wat beskikbaar was, was nie maklik toeganklik nie, omdat dit aan die buitewyke van die gemeenskap gelëe was. Ten spyte van die verandering in die fisiese en natuurlike omgewing is sommige inheemse groen blaargroentes steeds beskikbaar gedurende die somer. Dit is duidelik dat die ouer vroue, in vergelyking met die die jonger vroue oor meer kennis van inheemse groen blaargroentes beskik het met betrekking tot die identifisering, waar hulle groei en hoe om hulle te gebruik. Bekende en beskikbare inheemse groen blaargroentes soos gewone misbredie (Amaranthus) en knapsakkerwel (Bidens pilosa) was voorkeur groente en is redelik gereeld gebruik. Alhoewel inheemse groen blaargroentes steeds deel vorm van die voedselpraktyke in hierdie gemeenskap, het die gebruik daarvan deur die jonger geslag afgeneem. As gevolg van faktore soos modernisering, die ekonomie en tegnologiese vooruitgang het die meerderheid van beide die jonger en ouer geslag afhanklik geword van westers-georienteerde voedsel en dit dikwels in hulle eetpatrone ingesluit. Die resultate van hierdie studie het bygedra dat aanbevelings oor die vaslegging en bewaring van die kennis oor inheemse groen blaargroentes in hierdie gemeenskap gemaak kon word, asook om 'n oplewing in die belangstelling in die gebruik daarvan te bevorder.
Dissertation (MConsumer Science)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Consumer Science
MConsumer Science
Unrestricted
7
Hlatshwayo, Sizakele Thembisile. "The impact of cultural practices on the advancement of women in Africa: a study of Swaziland and South Africa". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2002. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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Washkansky, Denise. ""Go cry by the river" : a case study of a counselling service for abused women in rural Swaziland". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11128.
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Bibliography: leaves 79-83.In February 1999 a counselling service for women abuse survivors in rural Swaziland was evaluated. The evaluation highlighted that a number of organisational factors were undermining utilisation of the service. However, the evaluation failed to address broader contextual issues. This study, in the form of an in-depth case study, is a re-examination of the information gathered for the initial evaluation. It aims to explore the contextual issues underlying the poor utilisation of the counselling service. Within a qualitative paradigm, information for the initial evaluation was gathered through participant observation, open-ended interviews and a review of relevant documentation. A thematic analysis revealed that many perceptions about the meaning of the concept of 'women abuse' exist, both between and within the organisation and community groupings. As a result of the lack of a common definition of abuse and due to a pervasive silence around abuse in the community, it was perceived to be difficult for women to utilise local and organisational methods of healing. Furthermore, abuse in the community was perceived to be influenced by the broader context of women's inferior status in Swaziland. Recommendations are made with regard to strengthening the relationship between organisation and community. It is suggested that rather than importing organisational definitions and interventions into the community, the organisation play a facilitative role firstly, in encouraging community members to develop their own definitions of abuse - which are both guided by human rights principles and sensitive to the local context – and secondly, to devise their own strategies to deal with it.
9
Makwindi, Chrispen Christopher. "Retention in care amongst women initiated on antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy at King Sobhuza II Public Health Unit, Swaziland". University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4973.
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Magister Public Health - MPHBackground: The advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly redefined the course of the HIV pandemic making HIV, a chronic illness rather than a death sentence. To maximize the efficacy of ART in improving survival rates of HIV/AIDS patients, lowering the incidence of opportunistic infections, reducing HIV transmission and minimizing the possibilities of developing drug resistance, long-term retention in care is critical. In South Africa, poor retention in care of 32% has been noted in women who were initiated on ART during pregnancy as compared to 13% in non-pregnant women initiated on ART. However, little is known in Swaziland about the retention in care in women who were initiated on ART during pregnancy and the factors that influence retention in care among this category of women. Aim: To determine the factors associated with poor retention in care among women initiated on ART during pregnancy at King Sobhuza II Public Health Unit (PHU) in Swaziland. Methodology: A quantitative, retrospective cohort review of 316 medical records of women who were initiated on ART during pregnancy from January 2012 to December 2013 was conducted. A data extraction sheet was used to collect data from the files of patients who were initiated on ART during pregnancy. The dataset was imported into IBM SPSS Statistic 20 Software for analysis. Bi-variate analysis was done to determine risk factors associated with retention in ART care at ART initiation and on the last ART refill visit. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to determine retention in care at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months. Cox proportional hazards models were then used to determine factors associated with poor retention. Results: The overall retention rate of women who were initiated on ART during pregnancy at the PHU after a median duration on ART of 25.80 months [interquartile range (IQR): 16.70 – 30.98] of follow up was 74.1% (n=316). Most women initiated on ART during pregnancy (52.4%) became lost to follow up after giving birth as compared to 47.6% who became lost to follow up before giving birth. After 6 months on ART, the lost to follow up rate was 16.5% (n=316); but increased to 20.9% (n=316), 23.5% (n=243) and 26.9% (n=52) after 12, 24 and 36 months respectively. On the ART initiation visit, the factors associated with retention in care for pregnant women included being married, having the partner on ART, disclosing one’s HIV status to the partner, not drinking alcohol, being a non-smoker and reporting no financial challenges. In addition, on the last ART refill visit, the risk factors for retention in care for women initiated on ART during pregnancy were having the ART regimen changed, having regular CD4 cell count done, rise in CD4 cell count, good adherence on ART and use of contraceptive other than the condom for family planning after delivery. Conclusion: The retention in care for women who were initiated on ART during pregnancy was found to be lower than in the general adult population. However, the study findings on retention in care are similar to what has been found in other settings. The factors influencing poor retention also mirror those found in the other parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Whilst decentralisation of ART services improves ART coverage it should be coupled with strategies aimed at improving patient retention.
10
Bhekumusa, Wellington Lukhele. "Structural and Behavioral Correlates of HIV Infection Among Pregnant Women in a Country with a Highly Generalized HIV Epidemic: A Cross-Sectional Study with a Probability Sample of Antenatal Care Facilities in Swaziland". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225491.
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付記する学位プログラム名: グローバル生存学大学院連携プログラムKyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(医学)
甲第20266号
医博第4225号
新制||医||1021(附属図書館)
京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻
(主査)教授 小泉 昭夫, 教授 中山 健夫, 教授 髙折 晃史
学位規則第4条第1項該当
11
Bonilla, Paul Anthony. "Determinants of individual HIV/AIDS knowledge among women in Swaziland an analysis of individual, household, and community characterisitics in 2007 /". Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2010. http://worldcat.org/oclc/646039336/viewonline.
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Nhlapo, Ronald Thandabantu. "Family law and traditional values : a study of the legal position of women in Swaziland with selected references to developments in Zimbabwe". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305121.
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Matlawe, Isaac Mpusang. "The impact of culture on the right of women to participate in public affairs : a comparative analysis of Swazi and Buganda Kingdoms". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1047.
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"For a long time patriarchial African societies have denied women their rightful place in public life. There are certain cultural practices within these patriarchal societies, which impede the realisation of the human rights of women. Such cultural practices have impacted on the division of power and perpetuated the stereotypical roles of women within those societies. The diminshed status of women in public life does not accord with universal human rights norms and standards. The fact that Swaziland has not ratified the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) makes it difficult for women to vindicate their rights within the United Nations (UN) structures. The right to participate in public affairs is recognised and enshrined as a fundamental human right in both universal and regional human rights instruments. The exercise of this right ensures that citizens, both men and women, have a say in the affairs of the government of their respective countries. The scope of this right includes the right to vote and to be elected at genuine periodic elections, which shall be by universal and equal suffrage held by secret ballot, guaranteeing the free expression of the will of the electors. The deeply patriarchal nature of the two kingdoms presupposes that social, legal and political power is mainly vested in men. With the exception of royal women, "commoner" women are often given inferior roles or none at all in public life. The number of women holding positions in public life in both kingdoms suggests that there is an inherent anomaly in the division of power. ... Chapter two of this study examines the legal and institutional framework regulating the right to participate in public affairs at international and regional level. It does so by identifying the international and regional human rights instrumetns governing the exercise of this rights. The chapter focuses on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR) and the Protocol to the African Charter on the Rights of Women. It also discusses the role of the treaty bodies established under the ICCPR and CEDAW as well as the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights. The third chapter examines the provisions of the national constitutions of Uganda and Swaziland, governing the right to participate in public affairs and the enforcement mechanisms created under those constitutions. It also analyses the political set-up in Buganda and Swazi kingdoms including the traditional set-up in Swaziland. Chapter four starts by defining culture and then goes on to explore the debate over the universality of human rights and cultural relativism. Beyond this debate, the chapter proposes a way for finding a common ground between the two theories. It then turns on to focus on cultures and traditional practices impacting on the rights of women to participate in public affairs in the two kingdoms. Chapter five gives a brief exposition of the role of roqyl women in both kingdoms. Here emphasis is on the roles of the queen mothers in both kingdoms, the role of the queen sister in Buganda and the princess of the country in Swazilnad. Finally, chapter six presents the conclusion of the study. This chapter also advances recommendations, which may be useful in assisting other traditional African societies in the full realisation of the right." -- Introduction.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2003.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
14
Simelane, Lungile. "Pregnant women’s perceptions and understanding of the barriers to early antenatal care booking in the Shiselweni region in Swaziland". University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8099.
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Master of Public Health - MPHGlobally, the maternal mortality rate (MMR) dropped by 44%, from 342 deaths per 100 000 to 211 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in 2017. Developing countries have reached two-thirds coverage (69 %) of the recommended focused visits and first ANC. In sub-Saharan Africa alone, approximately 66% (201,000) of deaths occur during birth. MMR can be reduced if pregnant women initiate ANC early enough and receive quality care. In Swaziland, only 14% of pregnant women make their first ANC visit during the first trimester, 64% during the 2nd trimester and 22% during the 3rd trimester. The study aimed to explore pregnant women's perceptions of the factors contributing to late ANC booking in the Shiselweni Region.
15
Ngcobo, Zipho G. "Health information seeking behavior of women in rural Swaziland". 1994. http://books.google.com/books?id=tfvaAAAAMAAJ.
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Zigira, Christopher Amherst Byuma. "Religion, culture and gender : a study of women's search for gender equality in Swaziland". Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17875.
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Although Swazi women's contribution to national development has been phenomenal, they like
any other women in patriarchal societies confront an overbearing situation in which they have
been regarded and treated as minors, both in the family and most spheres of public life. This has
largely been due to the social construction of gender. Traditional gender-based attitudes, deeply
ingrained in the people's mind set, not infrequently, have limited women's access to and control
of various aspects of public life, and impinge on their rights, most especially the rights to selfdetermination
and equal participation in the decision making process. Coupled with religion
which influences "the deepest level of what it means to be human" (King, 1994:4) and zealous
cultural conservatism, the Swazi women, with a few notable exceptions, experience an asymmetry
of power due to the pervasive nature of gender. Nonetheless, the history of Swaziland bears testimony, however muted, to a legacy ofwomen's struggles to overcome gendered conditions
imposed upon them either by taking full advantage of their spiritual endowment and charisma to
overcome attitudinal barriers or by organising themselves into groups to work for the social
transformation of their conditions and status.
This study examines the Swazi women's search for gender equality. It discusses the social and
cultural context of gender in Swaziland, the various moments in the Swazi women's quest for
equality and its manifestations, and the push and pull effect of religion and culture. Particular
attention is given to four organisations, namely Lutsango lwakaNgwane (loosely referred to as
women's regiments), the Council of Swaziland Churches, the Women's Resource Centre (Umtapo
waBomake) and Swaziland Action Group Against Abuse (SWAGAA). The study shows that
Swazi women have, across a passage of time, adopted different strategies, including ritual,
economic empowerment and creation of new knowledge through promotion of gender awareness
and social advocacy either in a womanist approach that accepts women's embeddedness in Swazi
culture or in the liberal feminist tradition that espouses women's individual rights. However, the
study shows that the women's movement has yet to reach the critical mass level so as to influence
public policy and come to terms with the deconstruction of the dominant gender ideology.Religious Studies and Arabic
D. Litt. et Phil. (Religious Studies)
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Tfwala, Ncamsile C. "Women's control over sexual matters in traditional marriages : a development perspective". Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3179.
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The main objectives of the study are to determine the extent of control women have over
sexual matters in Swazi traditional marriages; to identify the factors influencing the
extent of control women have over sexual matters in traditional marriages; and to analyse
the consequences of women’s lack of control over sexual matters on the women
themselves, their families and their communities with regard to development. Reviewed
literature and identified themes were verified in the field through focused group
discussions and key informant interviews.
The study revealed that women in traditional marriages do not have control over their
sexuality because of the obligations and cultural practices inherent in the marriage
restricting women’s involvement in decision making in sexual matters. This position
undermines the social and economic development of women, families and communities.
It is therefore recommended that cultural practices be amended to improve the status of
women in decision making.Development Studies
M.A. (Social Sciences)
18
Miriago, James E. "The socio-cultural influences on sexual and reproductive rights of women in the church forum in Swaziland". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10757.
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This study has endeavored to find out socio-cultural factors that influence gender injustices with special focus on sexual and health reproductive rights of women in Swaziland community. It has further examined the extent to which Church Forum as ecumenical instrument has addressed these issues of concern. It has been argued that gender injustice in Swaziland is a result of multifaceted factors. In the first place, the model of governance stands at the apex in championing gender injustice while perpetuating the violation of women sexual and health reproductive rights. It has been found that Swaziland community has embraced a hybrid of both Western and traditional features of governance where the preeminence of the traditional element has been evident. Patriarchal dominance is the second another contributing factor to the plights of women’s gender injustice on issues of sexual and health reproductive rights. This has been compounded by polygamous marriage which is overwhelmingly evident and which is honored, respected and cherished throughout the community. Coupled with absolute poverty, a third factor, these are the critical factors that have significantly contributed to promoting gender injustice forcing most women to engage into a risk unhealthy sexual and reproductive behavior. The Church Forum, which stands as ecumenical instrument has made an intense attempt in addressing issues that affect the entire community of Swaziland, particularly women’s concern. However, this study has revealed that the church engagement has been narrowly limited to HIV and AIDS and food security. It is due to this deficiency of the church engagement into the broader perspective of gender inequalities, unhealthy women’s sexual and reproductive rights have persisted. In this regard, the study has suggested that the ecumenical body in Swaziland should take a more holistic life-affirming approach in order to address women’s gender concerns comprehensively. Such approach must begin with a re-envisioning ecumenical commitment while incorporating aspects of radical feminist approach in order to foster life-enhancing change in Swaziland Community, especially women sexual and health reproductive rights.Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2014.
19
Ziyane, Isabella Simoyi. "Factors which deter Swazi women from using family planning services". Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/668.
Texto completoResumen
Deterrents to family planning practices were investigated among Swazi women between 1999-
2001. A total of 171 adolescents, women and men participated in focus group interviews.
Information obtained in this way served as a framework for designing structured interview
schedules. The views of 205 women were investigated, concerning factors deterring them
from using family planning practices by means of conducting face to face studied interviews.
Qualitative data were analysed using the NU*DIST and for the quantitative data the SPPS
computer programs were used respectively. The results revealed that socio-cultural deterrents
to family planning included high cultural value of children determining women's social status,
the lack of knowledge about contraceptives, women's dependence on their husbands'
decisions concerning reproductive issues and inefficient family planning services.
Recommendations included that specific adolescent reproductive health services should be
instituted and that the policy on reproductive health for Swaziland be revised. Reproductive
health issues should be addressed in the school curriculum. All Swazi men and women, both
adolescents and adults, should be educated about contraceptives.Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Advanced Nursing Sciences)
20
Mlangeni, Bongiwe. "The participation of women in the HIV & AIDS policy process in Swaziland". Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/10715.
Texto completoResumen
This research examines the participation of women in the HIV and AIDS policy process between 2003 and 2009. Participation has been an integral part of Swaziland‘s HIV and AIDS policy since the country adopted a multi-sectoral response to the pandemic in the late 1990s. As a concept and practice, participation is highly contested and political. The study sought to find out what type and quality of involvement Swaziland offers to women in its status as the last absolute monarchy in the African continent.
The thesis relies on interviews and documentary research to establish its findings. It tracks the role women played at each stage of policy making, from agenda setting, policy formulation, policy adoption, policy implementation to policy assessment. The study also interrogates the shape of the participation space as well as power relations that define it. Women‘s advocacy and collaborative efforts are investigated to determine the type of strategies women used to increase their influence in the process.
The study will argue that women‘s participation in the HIV and AIDS policy process or any other development process in Swaziland is in vain if their inferior legal status and other forms of discrimination are not fully addressed. While women can have increased access to political and policy making processes in government, their chances of bringing about change are severely undermined by the entrenchment of their subordination at every level of society. Instead of shying away from feminism, women should consider and adopt a vigorous, conscious, and unrelenting feminist agenda, which will challenge unfair gender laws and cultural norms.
21
Hlophe, Thabo Trevor. "Factors associated with cervical cancer among women of reproductive age group in Swaziland". Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25579.
Texto completoResumen
The study is informed by inadequate information on factors associated with the prevalence, incidence and mortality of cervical cancer cytological abnormalities in Swaziland. The aim of the study was to explore and describe factors associated with cervical cancer among women of reproductive age between 15 and 49 years in Swaziland. Quantitative descriptive design with a data extraction tool was used to retrospectively generate observational data from 1748 patients’ records in Mbabane Government Hospital from January 2014 through to December 2014. Bivariate logistic regression was used to establish relationship between cervical cancer and each explanatory variable. The overall prevalence of cervical cytology test results was 24.9%. The combination of marital status, HIV status, ART status, age at sexual debut have been identified as factors associated with cervical abnormalities. Most importantly, the results will also serve as evidence for the development of a national cervical cancer screening policy and also strengthening the cancer registry in Swaziland.Health Studies
M.A. (Public Health)
22
Dlamini, Phumzile Lucia. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices associated with PMTCT among breastfeeding mothers living with HIV in a King Sobhuza II public health unit, Swaziland". Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19240.
Texto completoResumen
Thesis in English, Annexure E: Consent form (leaf 81) as well as KABP Survey Questionnaire (leaves 87-91) in English and SiSwati.The purpose of the study was to assess knowledge, explore attitudes and determine practices of breastfeeding mothers living with HIV regarding post-natal PMTCT interventions and services. The study was quantitative and descriptive in nature, utilising a retrospective cohort design. The study sample included breastfeeding mothers living with HIV, who attended the King Sobhuza II public health unit in the Manzini region of Swaziland. A written questionnaire was administered to a non-random sample of 90 consecutively selected mothers living with HIV attending the above-cited public health unit for post-natal health purposes. The overall study results revealed that the majority of breastfeeding mothers living with HIV in the afore-mentioned region (77.8%) presented high levels of knowledge on PMTCT, and 90% demonstrated a positive attitude; while a further 90% also demonstrated positive behaviour towards PMTCT. However, stigma and discrimination among family members, non-disclosure of HIV status to sexual partners; as well as poverty and fear of future drug-resistance are the cause of non-adherence to ARV prophylaxis. Furthermore, inconsistent condom use, mixed-feeding methods and wet-nursing also emerged as other contributing factors to the increase of post-natal mother-to-child transmission of HIV among breastfeeding mothers living with HIV.
Health Studies
M.A. (Nursing Science)
23
Gule, Wendy Patience. "HIV positive pregnant women's experiences of the antenatal care at a regional referral hospital in Swaziland". Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19453.
Texto completoResumen
In its efforts to reduce maternal mortality and prevent Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV, the government of Swaziland developed and implemented several programmes including a special antenatal care package for HIV-positive pregnant women in line with the WHO (2009) guidelines. Since the implementation of this latest special ANC package for HIV-positive women, little is known about how these services are experienced by the intended recipients. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the actual experiences of HIV-positive women with the antenatal care services provided at a regional referral hospital in Swaziland, with the view of providing more insight into the quality of ANC services from the users' perspectives. A qualitative descriptive, exploratory design was used to address the above purpose. The researcher used purposive sampling to select the participants who met the inclusion criteria for the study. Semi-structured individual interviews were used and saturation was reached after 18 individual face-to-face interviews. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse the collected data. Forteen themes related to the participants experiences with the ANC services and seven related to measures for improvement emerged from data. In general HIV positive pregnant women expressed positive views towards ANC services they received at the target institution. The results give an indication on the quality of the focussed ANC package provided at the hospital and specific recommendations for improvement are outlined.Health Studies
M. A. (Nursing Science)
24
Nevhungoni, Thambeleni Portia. "Discrete survival models with flexible link functions for age at first marriage among woman in Swaziland". Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1346.
Texto completoResumen
MSc (Statistics)Department of Statistics
This study explores the use of exible link functions in discrete survival models through a simulation study and an application to the Swaziland Demographic and Health Survey (SDHS) data. The objective of the research study is to perform simulation exercises in order to compare the e ectiveness of di erent families of link functions and to construct a discrete multilevel survival model for age at rst marriage among women in Swaziland using a exible link function. The Pareto hazard model, Pregibon and Gosset families of link functions were considered in models with and without unobserved heterogeneity. The Pareto model where the family parameter is estimated from the data was found to outperform the other models, followed by the Pregibon and the Gosset family of link functions. The results from both simulation study and real data analysis of the SDHS data illustrated that, misspecication of the link function causes bias on the estimation of results. This demonstrates the importance of choosing the right link. The ndings of this study reveal that women who are highly educated, stay in the Manzini and Shiselweni region, those who reside in urban areas were more likely to marry later compared to their counterparts in Swaziland. The results also reveal that the proportion of early rst marriages is declining since the di erence among birth cohorts is found to be very high, with women of younger cohorts getting married later compared to older women.
NRF
25
Ndlangamandla, Mhambi Moses. "Contribution of indigenous knowledge use on the livelihood of rural women in the Lowveld region of Swaziland: a case study of handicrafts". Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18527.
Texto completoResumen
Poverty alleviation is a key item on the agenda of both government and non-governmental organisations. The use of indigenous knowledge to embark on small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) such as handicraft making has shown that it has a potential to yield the desired outcome in many areas. The research addressed the question: to what degree are handicrafts made in the Lowveld region of Swaziland and to what extent do these handicrafts contribute towards the livelihood of rural households? The data was collected using questionnaires and observations.
Findings revealed that the production of handicrafts is the second most important livelihood activity for most respondents. Even though the income received from these activities is small, its significance lies in the timing at which it is received; and on its role in supporting existing livelihood activities. Sustainability of the business is, however, threatened by inaccessibility of resources, lack of organisation and trading challenges
There is a need to promote the cultivation of natural resources, continuous training workshops and for women to form cooperatives or groups.
Further research is needed that would focus on the following areas: a comparative study done in urban areas which shall also investigate the impact of handicraft on urban poor households; a study which will focus on handicraft marketing and consumption and lastly on the youth and handicraft.Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecology
M.Sc. (Human Ecology)
26
Chili, Thembisile. "Knowledge of cervical cancer and awareness of screening regimes/routines among HIV positive women in Swaziland". Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23623.
Texto completoResumen
Background
Cervical cancer is one of the common cancers worldwide. Despite the available screening services, the uptake of cancer of the cervix is very low. The incidence and mortality in western countries has reduced greatly due to the introduction of cervical cancer screening programmes. However, this is not the same in Africa where cervical cancer is more prevalent in lower resource countries to lack of access to effective screening and services that enhances early detection and treatment.
Purpose/Aim of the study
The purpose of this research is to determine knowledge of cervical cancer and the level of awareness of screening regimes/routines among HIV positive women in Swaziland. The study was conducted at one hospital specifically at the HIV Care Unit and Public Health Unit between January and June 2015.
Methods
The questionnaire was administered to collect data and consisted both open and close-ended questions. The questionnaire comprises of three sections: Section A: Socio-demographic data and Section B: Awareness on Cervical Cancer. Section C: Awareness/knowledge on cervical cancer screening. The sample consisted of 123 HIV positive who are on antiretroviral therapy (ART) or ART naive. The mean age for the respondents was 35 years.
Results
From this study, N=28 (23%) out of 123 (77%) reported to have received annual Pap smear for cervical cancer screening. A low proportion of the respondents (45%) had knowledge on cervical cancer screening. In addition, 63% of those who got information about cervical cancer screening through the radio perceived themselves to be at risk of getting cervical cancer. Only 4% heard about cervical cancer at the ART clinic, despite having been followed up for their care at the HIV clinic. Those who screened for cervical cancer were younger in age 25-34 years (80%). This study also revealed that education increased the changes of a woman to be screened for cervical cancer. If a woman had a university or high school education, she perceived herself to be at risk of getting cervical cancer.
Conclusion
Knowledge is power, cervical cancer campaigns should be conducted at national level in order to promote prevention through screening. Cervical cancer screening should be fully integrated into HIV servicesHealth Studies
M.A. (Public Health)
27
Huang, Ying-Chieh y 黃嫈絜. "Seroprevalence, environmental and behavioral risk factors of Toxocara canis infection among women in Swaziland, Southern Africa". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75501728590791436834.
Texto completoResumen
碩士臺北醫學大學
醫學科學研究所
103
Human toxocariasis is one of neglected zoonotic diseases worldwide, predominantly caused by Toxocara canis (T. canis) infection. Kingdom of Swaziland is located between South Africa and Mozambique. Because of poor hygiene and sanitation, the seroprevalence of T. canis infection among schoolchildren was reportedly high, reaching 88.6%. According to murine studies, larvae entrapped various tissues in the body were able to cause chronic inflammation and were capable of transmitting into the fetus via placenta or mammary route. We intended to investigate the status of T. canis infection among adult women in Swaziland by employing western blot analysis based on excretory - secretory antigen derived from T. canis larvae (TcES). The overall seroprevalence was quite high as 75.7% (399/527). The logistic regression analysis showed that those participants who lived in suburban areas seemed to be more susceptible to T. canis infection as compared to those who lived in urban areas (ORs = 0.24, 95% CIs = 0.13 – 0.44, p<0.0001). The age group of less than 30 years old, who are the major childbearing age population in Swaziland, had higher opportunity in acquisition of T. canis infection (80.4% ;148/184), than those in the age group of 31-50 years (ORs= 0.52, 95% CIs =0.27-0.99, p=0.047). Although there was no significant association between T. canis infection and history of abortion among adult women (ORs=0.82, 95% CIs =0.45-1.52, p=0.534), it remained serious concerns to further investigate on whether congenital toxocaral transmission may occur to pregnant women in Swaziland in the future.
28
Wusumani, Sibongile. "Factors associated with HIV seroconversion during pregnancy in Manzini region, Swaziland in 2012". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11082.
Texto completoResumen
Background: The HIV epidemic has greatly affected sub-Saharan Africa, with the highest prevalence in
the world found in Swaziland. One in three pregnant women in Swaziland has HIV. One of the PMTCT
strategies is primary prevention of HIV among women who are uninfected. Understanding the reasons
why pregnant women continue to seroconvert is the key in meeting this strategy.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the factors associated with seroconversion among
pregnant women utilizing Raleigh Fitkin Memorial Hospital in 2012.
Objectives: The objectives of this study are to: determine the proportion of HIV non-infected pregnant
women who are retested for HIV during pregnancy; determine the gestational age at which pregnant
women are retested for HIV; establish the proportion of women who were initially HIV non-infected and
seroconverted during pregnancy; and establish the factors associated with seroconversion during
pregnancy.
Methods: An observational cross-sectional study design with both descriptive and analytic components
was carried out at Raleigh Fitkin Memorial Hospital. Systematic sampling was used for the recruitment
of 381 pregnant women who were initially HIV non-infected. An interviewer-administered questionnaire
and chart review were used to collect demographic and clinical data. The data was analyzed using
descriptive and analytic statistics.
Results: The results of the study show that demographic factors such as age and educational level are
associated with HIV seroconversion during pregnancy. The findings also highlight how partner factors
play a role in HIV seroconversion. The results indicate that sexual behaviours 333of the pregnant
women contribute greatly to HIV seroconversion.
Conclusion: Pregnant women continue to engage in risky sexual behaviours during pregnancy and there
is need to strengthen counseling on preventive measures throughout the antenatal care period. There is
also need for programs to explore possibility of providing antiretroviral drugs for pre-exposure
prophylaxis to all HIV negative women during pregnancy.Thesis (M.Med.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2013.
29
Ouellet, Julie Xuan. "Re-valuing Revolution: Women's Rights Activism in Swaziland and Potentials for Transformative Non-violence". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33670.
Texto completoResumen
The patriarchal systems, stories, and powers that govern our world have made women extremely vulnerable to the threat of physical, emotional, spiritual, and intellectual violence. Despite efforts of millions of people working to end this attack, personal violation is a daily reality for many women and one that I believe will not change until efforts to end violence against women begin to address the very roots of dominant culture. This research will explore the personal experiences of five women’s rights activists in Swaziland who are engaged in a transformative practice to end violence against women. Through in depth open-ended interviews, I look at the ways each activist’s life journey reflects her changing understanding of formative values. Following this, I consider ways in which this personal development has led each woman to a deeply transformative, rather than simply a reactive, response to violence against women.
30
Mahlalela, Sindi Yvonne. "An investigation into the knowledge and beliefs of women in the Gilgal area (Swaziland) with regard to infant feeding practices in the context of HIV/AIDS". Diss., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27187.
Texto completoResumen
The study was conducted to describe the knowledge and beliefs of mothers regarding infant feeding practices in the context of HIV/AIDS. The mothers of infants aged 0 - 6 months attending at the Gilgal clinic in Manzini region, Swaziland were sampled for the study. This was a cross sectional descriptive survey in the quantitative paradigm. A qualitative research technique (focus groups) was used for support purposes. The aim of the study was to describe the knowledge and attitUdes of the mothers with regard to infant feeding practices in the context of HIV, to describe the relationships among these three concepts, and to describe the influence of social referents on mothers' beliefs. The research was carried out in the month of June 2006 in Swaziland. A stratified (age) and convenience (clinic attendance) sampling technique was used to select the sample from mothers and their babies attending at the Gilgal clinic. An adapted 24-h recall was used to assess infant feeding practices; questionnaires and focus group discussions were used to assess knowledge, beliefs and demographic information. Descriptive, inferential and multivariate statistics were used on the quantitative data and content analysis and ethnography on the qualitative data. The results indicated that as much as breastfeeding is still a norm (94.5%), exclusive breastfeeding (11 %) is rarely understood and practiced in this community. Focus group data revealed that the matter is complicated by the fact that some mothers fed ORT to their babies immediately after birth. Generally knowledge on HIV and infant feeding practices was high and beliefs on HIV and infant feeding were negative. Partners and nurses advice on infant feeding was most regarded by mothers. There was no significant relationship found between knowledge and attitudes. A significant relationship between knowledge and beliefs/attitudes was found in mothers who practiced predominant breastfeeding, complementary and replacement feeding. However, the relationships were weak and negative, proving the necessity to strengthen the relationship between knowledge and attitudes. There was no statistical relationship found between knowledge and attitude of mothers who practiced exclusive breastfeeding. In conclusion attitudes were dominant predictors of behavior compared to knowledge. This indicated that good knowledge does not warrant positive attitudes and appropriate behavior. Therefore it is vital to investigate the other factors that influence attitudes in efforts to improve infant feeding. The study was successful in identifying gaps that supported the recommendations for a PMTC program focusing on nutritional aspects.Dissertation (MConsSci)--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Consumer Science
unrestricted
31
Masuku-Maseko, Sakhile Khestiwe Salome y 莎琪拉 瑪蘇庫-瑪賽珂. "Nutrition Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Maternal Women Living with HIV in the Manzini Region of Swaziland". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37790229324389621016.
Texto completoResumen
碩士臺北醫學大學
保健營養學研究所
100
Background: Swaziland has the highest Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) prevalence rate in the world at 26% while women have a higher prevalence rate than men at 31% and 20%, respectively. Trends in HIV prevalence among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics (ANC) increased from 3.9% in 1992 to 41.1% in 2010. The cyclical relationship between HIV and nutrition makes nutritional interventions a novel option to mitigate the impact of HIV. However, planning of effective nutrition interventions require adequate information on nutrition knowledge, attitude and practices. In Swaziland, there is limited data on nutrition KAP. Objective: To investigate nutrition KAP and the influence of socio-demographic factors among maternal women living with HIV in the Manzini region of Swaziland. Methods: Cross sectional face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire were conducted to collect data from 324 HIV infected maternal women at 2 regional hospitals, 1 health center and 4 clinics. The questionnaire consisted of four parts: 1. Socio-demographic information (22 questions) 2. Nutrition knowledge (15 questions) 3. Scale on nutrition attitude (12 questions) and 4. Nutrition practices (14 questions). Results: The results showed mean scores of nutrition knowledge (8±2.06 points out of 12 points 67%); nutrition attitude (24±3.84 points out of 36 points 67%) and nutrition practices (21±6.52 points out of 41 points 51%). Significant positive correlations among nutrition KAP were observed: Nutrition K and A (r= 0.155, p= 0.005), nutrition K and P (r= 0.456, p= 0.001), nutrition A and P (r= 0.230, p= 0.001). Education level (p= 0.003) and BMI (p= 0.002) were significantly associated with nutrition knowledge while health facility (p= 0.001), religion (p= 0.001), principal wage earner (p= 0.031), and no. of days of emotionally ill-feeling (p= 0.030) were significantly associated with nutrition attitude. Socio-demographic factors that were significantly associated with nutrition practice include education level (p= 0.002), employment status (p= 0.009), income (p= 0.008), religion (p= 0.007), type of accommodation (p=0.006), type of transport used when going for shopping (p= 0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (p= 0.015). Multiple linear regression identified type of transport used when going for shopping (p= 0.002), education level (p= 0.001), income (p= 0.001), employment status (p= 0.038), knowledge of food proportion in a plate (p= 0.000), a positive attitude towards high fiber diet (p= 0.004) and eating a variety of foods (p= 0.006) as predictors of good nutrition practice. Conclusion: Nutrition knowledge, attitude and practices were positively and significantly correlated with each other. The level of education and BMI were significantly associated with nutrition knowledge and practices. The level of education was also identified as a predictor of nutrition practice, suggesting that formal education system is a potential target for influencing dietary behavior among people living with HIV (PLWHA).
32
Ngwenya, Dumsile y 王雅. "Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Cervical Cancer and Screening: A Survey of Men and Women in Swaziland". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28570601254869154346.
Texto completoResumen
碩士國立陽明大學
國際衛生碩士學位學程
104
Background: Cervical cancer is the most frequent cancer among the population in Swaziland, but the utilization of screening services remains very low. The study purpose was to explore the knowledge, attitudes and practice on cervical cancer screening and to identify associated factors among men and women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Manzini and Shiselweni regions in Swaziland, including 202 men and 213 women aged 30–65 years. The participants were interviewed at their homes by trained field workers using separate but similar questionnaire for men and women. Chi square test was used for descriptive statistics and binomial logistic regression to explore factors that determine knowledge, attitude and practice on cervical cancer. Results: The majority of the participants (77.8%) were from rural areas and 54.5% were aged between 30 to 39 years. About two thirds of the participants (61.5%) had a level of education of secondary school and above and only one fifth of the participants (20.0%) had formal employment. More than ninety percent of the participants were Christians, the remaining (8.7%) were none religious. About half (53.5%) of the women and (22.8%) of men could name at least one symptom or sign of cervical cancer and 240 (58.1%) of the participants had misconceptions on the risk factors of cervical cancer in our study. Among women participants 79.3% had a positive attitude towards cervical cancer screening and 61.4% of men had positive attitude toward screening. Among men with partners 81.4% reported that they would allow their partners to be screened for cervical cancer. On multivariate analysis men with less misconception, heard of screening and with no preference of the gender of the health care worker were significantly more likely to report that they would allow their partners to be screened. Only 5.2% of the women in our study had ever been screened using Pap smear test. Women who knew a cervical cancer victim, received advice from a health care worker and had less misconception were more likely to be screened for cervical cancer. More than 30% of the participants perceived fear of pain, lack of money, absence of cervical cancer symptoms and busy health care workers as barriers to cervical cancer screening. Conclusions: Knowledge about cervical cancer and screening is still relatively poor in Swaziland. There is therefore still need for comprehensive educations on cervical cancer which may help to eliminate misconceptions on the disease thus improve screening uptake. Knowledge and attitude is even poorer among men in Swaziland. There is therefore a need to ensure men are also targeted in future awareness campaigns.
33
Masango, Bongani Zakhele y 彭家明. "MASS MEDIA EXPOSURE AND ACCEPTING ATTITUDES TOWARD INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AMONG IN-UNION POPULATION IN SWAZILAND". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68204260035373631371.
Texto completoResumen
碩士國立陽明大學
國際衛生碩士學位學程
104
Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) has been globally classified as a major social and public health problem as well as a human rights violation that also has profound consequences for society as a whole. Its prevalence is estimated to be above 30%. In Swaziland it is one of the social challenges that affect women. In 2010, 21% of the women surveyed reported physical violence from their partner in the last year, and 68% considered physical violence against women a serious problem in their community. One major challenge in the fight against IPVAW is the attitudes of both the victim and perpetrator. Exposure to Media (Newspaper, television and Radio) can positively and negatively influence the attitude towards acceptance of IPVAW. Determining the influence of media in Swaziland is very key in the fight against escalating gender based violence cases. We have determined the level of acceptance of IPVAW and further examine the association between attitude towards IPVAW and exposure to mass media among in-union man and women. Attitudes towards IPVAW may vary by gender, socio-economic status as well as by other sociodemographic factors, and therefore we have also included a comprehensive set of appropriate variables in all of our multivariate analyses. Using existing data from the Swaziland Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2015 a total of 2407 in-union man and women were analyzed. The results show that more women than men accept intimate partner violence and those exposed to all three different medias are less likely to accept intimate partner violence with OR being 1 compared to OR = access two 1.51 p < 0.001) , access to one 1.44 p < 0.05) and no access 1.97 p < 0.05). These results indicate that policies which seek to empower women can promote the regular use of complementary media to further the cause of women's empowerment.
34
Manson, Katherine Elizabeth. "Comparing and contrasting liberal, communitarian and feminist approaches to resolving tensions between customary and constitutional law : the case of polygamy in Swaziland /". 2008. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/1659/.
Texto completo
35
Mbatha, Trusty Lomcebo. "Perceptions of human immunodeficiency virus positive pregnant mothers regarding the prevention of mother-to-child transmission, option B+ Programme in a public health unit in Manzini". Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23260.
Texto completoResumen
Text in EnglishThe purpose of the study was to explore and describe the perceptions of the HIV positive pregnant mothers regarding the PMTCT Option B+ programme in order to identify and describe gaps; and also help the Swaziland government address these gaps. The study was conducted in one of the public health units in the Manzini Region of Swaziland. The qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research design was used and data collection was done using individual interviews and field notes. Permission was also requested from the participants in order to record the interviews. Population of the study were all cases of HIV positive pregnant mothers enrolled on PMTCT Option B+ programme, and were aged between 18 and 40 years. Number of participants sampled was 20 and only 17 participants were interviewed. Themes of the study were: perceptions of being enrolled on the PMTCT Option B+ programme, understanding about PMTCT Option B+ programme and information needed with regard to PMTCT Option B+ programme, perceptions with the care received from the nurses and their assistance on PMTCT Option B+ programme, effectiveness of the PMTCT Option B+ programme and challenges of taking ARVs. The findings revealed that Option B+ programme was perceived as preventing HIV from mother-to-child. It boosts the mother’s immune system, prevents opportunistic infections and prolongs life. Knowledge and understanding of the programme was displayed by the participants even though challenges such as discrimination and no support by families and partners were mentioned. Improvement of the programme on how to prevent the spread of HIV to babies and strategies to assist participants on how to disclose were recommended. This was found to be having a huge effect on treatment adherence.
Health Studies
M.A. (Health Studies)
36
Dlamini, Lindiwe Nkhosingiphile. "Language, gender and power relations in Swazi national courts: a discourse based analysis". Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3598.
Texto completoResumen
M.A.This dissertation examines the use of language and its implications on gender relations within the Swazi courts. Starting from the premise that language use is an important guide in understanding gender differences and differences in power between men and women, this dissertation investigates the language used by the different participants in court proceedings of selected court cases, particularly on offences that involve or otherwise touch on assault. The data is based on proceedings in two selected courts, one in Mbabane (an urban court) and the other in Lobamba (a semi urban court). Analysis is strengthened by an array of theories of gender and cultural studies. The major analytical methodology for this study is Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The study ultimately locates itself within the line of gender studies on cultural influences, examining how lexical choices in linguistic discourses contribute to sustaining or subverting age-old ideas of manhood versus womanhood in Swaziland. The analysis leads to a conclusion that: (a) Women are viewed as docile and unchanging in terms of their interaction in the society. (b) Within the patriarchal Swazi context, the linguistic expectations of “good women” put them at a disadvantage when communicating with men. (c) Traditionalists have to shift from patriarchal values and integration of the Swazi custom with some of the positive ways in life borrowed from education, Christianity and other modernized institutions. If this is enforced then women would cease to be treated as doormats and marginalised by society. This gender imbalance is revealed in situations of contest. It not only draws on, but also engenders the already existing ideologies of strong and knowledgeable men versus weak and ignorant women, in part by muting the latter. This, in the researcher’s view, is worsened by the fact that such linguistic disempowerment takes place within the structures of the State such as the courts, whose authority can easily be mistaken for that of the men who function within them. Put differently, the connotations of power, authority, coercion and fear within the courts are reinforced when one half of participants are disadvantaged by cultural ideologies such as those of linguistic control.