Artículos de revistas: "Wood turtle"

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Cochrane, Madaline, Donald Brown y Ron Moen. "GPS Technology for Semi-Aquatic Turtle Research". Diversity 11, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11030034.

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Global positioning system (GPS) telemetry units are now small enough to be deployed on terrestrial and semi-aquatic turtles. Many of these GPS units use snapshot technology which collects raw satellite and timestamp data during brief periods of data recording to minimize size. We evaluated locations from snapshot GPS units in stationary tests and on wood turtles (Glyptemys insculpta) in northeastern Minnesota. Stationary GPS units were placed in wood turtle habitat to evaluate location accuracy, fix success rate, and directional bias. The GPS fix success rate and accuracy were reduced in closed canopy conditions and when the stationary GPS unit was placed under a log to simulate wood turtle hiding behavior. We removed GPS location outliers and used a moving average calculation to reduce mean location error in stationary tests from 27 m (SD = 38) to 10 m (SD = 8). We then deployed GPS units and temperature loggers on wood turtles and collected 122,657 GPS locations and 242,781 temperature readings from 26 turtles from May to September 2015 and 2016. Location outliers accounted for 12% of locations when the GPS receiver was on a turtle. We classified each wood turtle location based on the GPS location and by comparing temperature profiles from river, sun, and shaded locations to the temperature logger on the turtle. We estimated that wood turtles were on land 68% (SD = 12) of the time from May to September. The fix success rate for land locations was 38% (SD = 9), indicating that wood turtles often use habitats with obstructed views of the sky. Mean net daily movement was 55 m (SD = 192). Our results demonstrate that snapshot GPS units and temperature loggers provide fine-scale GPS data useful in describing spatial ecology and habitat use of semi-aquatic turtles.

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Wallace, S. D., G. J. Forbes y J. J. Nocera. "Habitat selection, movement, and food preferences of Wood Turtles (Glyptemys insculpta) in an agri-forested landscape". Canadian Journal of Zoology 98, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2020): 743–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2020-0074.

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Wood Turtles (Glyptemys insculpta (Le Conte, 1830)) can use agricultural fields for basking and feeding, but hayfields can be an ecological trap due to mortality associated with agricultural machinery. It is unclear if hayfields are selected habitat or simply occur adjacent to used waterways. We sought to investigate Wood Turtle habitat selection at the third- and fourth-order scales in an agri-forested landscape and quantify food abundance (berries, fungi, and gastropods–worms) among habitat types. To quantify habitat selection by Wood Turtles, we radio-tracked 23 adults from May to November of 2018. We measured habitat features at each turtle location and three random sites within 50 m. At the third order, turtles primarily selected for edge habitat and selected hayfields over forest. At the fourth order, turtles selected for low canopy cover and presence of woody debris. Earthworms (suborder Lumbricina) were abundant within hayfields, and berries and fungi were abundant in forests. Turtles abandoned hayfields at the end of July, likely due to the emergence of food within the forest. Food availability likely influences their habitat use during the season, and hayfields provide a food source that entices Wood Turtles during the prime hay harvest period, which likely increases the risk of machinery-related mortality.

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Flanagan, Melissa, Vanessa Roy-McDougall, Graham Forbes y Glen Forbes. "Survey methodology for the detection of Wood Turtles (Glyptemys insculpta)". Canadian Field-Naturalist 127, n.º 3 (3 de diciembre de 2013): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v127i3.1486.

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Wood Turtles (Glyptemys insculpta) are difficult to survey because their use of aquatic and terrestrial environments varies spatio-temporally. Existing survey methodology is highly variable and typically involves searching for Wood Turtles within water and on land 0 to >20 m from the shoreline from spring to autumn. The mobility of Wood Turtles suggests that detection is likely influenced by distance surveyed from water and the amount of vegetation, which varies by season. To determine an ideal survey methodology for the Wood Turtle, we recorded distances from a waterway of 31 radio-tagged turtles at Canadian Forces Base, Gagetown, New Brunswick, in 2003 and 2004. Ordinal logistic regression was used to determine the probability of finding male or female Wood Turtles with increasing distance from water at different times of day or season. Sex and time of day were not significant factors in detecting Wood Turtles. Season was a significant factor, with highest probability (69%) of finding Wood Turtles at a distance of 0–10 m of a waterway up to July 1 (corresponding to pre-nesting and nesting periods), compared to probabilities of <10% for any 10-m distance between 10 m and 50 m from a waterway. After July 1, the highest detection probability (50%) was at distances greater than 50 m from a waterway. We recommend that Wood Turtle surveys for environmental impact assessments and population monitoring be conducted on warm days (i.e., 10–25°C) within 10 m of waterways up to July 1.

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Arvisais, Martin, Esther Lévesque, Jean-Claude Bourgeois, Claude Daigle, Denis Masse y Jacques Jutras. "Habitat selection by the wood turtle (Clemmys insculpta) at the northern limit of its range". Canadian Journal of Zoology 82, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 2004): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z04-012.

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We characterized the chronology of habitat use by the wood turtle, Clemmys insculpta (LeC., 1829), in the Mauricie region of Quebec, Canada. We also determined if this species used habitats according to availability within a home range and identified habitat features influencing habitat selection. Habitats were characterized for 20 wood turtles followed weekly by telemetry during the active season of 1997. Turtles used a great diversity of terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Alder (Alnus rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng.) stands were the most used terrestrial habitats throughout the active season. Habitat use varied according to activity period. Indeed, wood turtles used aquatic habitats and alder stands during prenesting and prehibernation activity periods, whereas all habitat types were used during nesting and postnesting activity periods. Wood turtles did not use habitats randomly within their home ranges, suggesting that they selected them. Wood turtles seemed to select mixed forest stands that were relatively young (16 years), short (14 m), had low arborescent cover (25%), moderate cover of the upper shrub layer (35%), and low total canopy closure (0%50%). This knowledge will be helpful in the establishment of future conservation measures.

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5

Arvisais, Martin, J. C. Bourgeois, E. Lévesque, C. Daigle, D. Masse y J. Jutras. "Home range and movements of a wood turtle (Clemmys insculpta) population at the northern limit of its range". Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 2002): 402–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-013.

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We studied the home ranges and seasonal movements of 20 wood turtles (Clemmys insculpta) living near the northern limit of their distribution in the Mauricie region, Quebec, Canada. We found average home-range areas of 28.3 ha. Wood turtles showed site fidelity; there was an average overlap of 60.7% in their home ranges, and 88.8% of the home-range centroids were not significantly different for the 2 years of the study. The home ranges were larger than those reported from studies in more southerly locations, leading us to hypothesize larger home-range territories with increasing latitude. Our analyses indicate that turtle movements could be grouped into four distinct activity periods during the active season: the prenesting, nesting, postnesting, and prehibernation periods. We found that wood turtles were closely associated with streams. Based on the importance of this habitat for the species, we suggest the establishment of protected buffer strips along streams used by wood turtles.

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Jones, Michael T., Lisabeth L. Willey, Derek T. Yorks, Peter D. Hazelton y Steve L. Johnson. "Passive transport of Eastern Elliptio (Elliptio complanata) by freshwater turtles in New England". Canadian Field-Naturalist 134, n.º 1 (8 de julio de 2020): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v134i1.2379.

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Dispersal of freshwater mussels (order Unionida) is primarily as glochidia on the fins and gills of host fish. Adult mussels are more sessile, generally moving short distances (<2 m/week) along lake and river beds. Between 2007 and 2016, we observed seven instances of adult Eastern Elliptio (Elliptio complanata) and one instance of a fingernail clam (Sphaerium sp.) attached to the feet of freshwater turtles in streams and ponds of New England, United States. Observations included five instances of mussels attached to Wood Turtles (Glyptemys insculpta) in Maine and Massachusetts, one instance of a mussel attached to the fingernail of an Eastern Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta) in Massachusetts, one instance of a mussel attached to a Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina) in Massachusetts, and one instance of a fingernail clam attached to the fingernail of an Eastern Painted Turtle in Massachusetts. We suggest that Eastern Elliptio may be susceptible to transport by freshwater turtles foraging in mussel beds and that transport of adult mussels by freshwater turtles could result in otherwise atypical long-distance, upstream, or overland dispersal between waterbodies.

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Figueras, M. P., B. A. Bastarache y R. L. Burke. "Water exchange relationships predict overwintering behavior in hatchling turtles". Canadian Journal of Zoology 96, n.º 8 (agosto de 2018): 928–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2017-0132.

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Neonatal ectotherms face a wide range of environmental hazards because of the diverse habitats that they inhabit and their small body sizes; this is especially true among turtles that live in temperate zones and experience cold winter conditions after hatching. Such hatchlings must balance challenges involving desiccation, freezing, and predation, among other threats. Turtle hatchlings either overwinter in water, terrestrially in relatively shallow nests, terrestrially deep below nests, or terrestrially outside of the nest entirely, and these different microhabitats are associated with different desiccation and freezing risks. We measured desiccation tolerance of individuals of six turtle species, including two (Diamondback Terrapins, Malaclemys terrapin (Schoepff, 1793), and Eastern Box Turtles, Terrapene carolina (Linnaeus, 1758)) that use a strategy that has not previously been explored, along with Wood Turtles (Glyptemys insculpta (Le Conte, 1830)), whose overwintering microhabitat is uncertain. We found additional support for the hypothesis that desiccation resistance is associated with overwintering strategies in hatchling turtles. Further investigation into the overwintering strategies of M. terrapin and T. carolina would be productive.

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Greaves, W. F. y J. D. Litzgus. "Chemical, thermal, and physical properties of sites selected for overwintering by northern wood turtles (Glyptemys insculpta)". Canadian Journal of Zoology 86, n.º 7 (julio de 2008): 659–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z08-044.

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Northern ectotherms must seek refuge from winter conditions for a large portion of their annual activity cycle. The objective of this study was to quantify physical properties of overwintering sites selected by wood turtles ( Glyptemys insculpta (LaConte, 1830)) at the species’ northern range limit. We mapped all structural features (e.g., root balls and log jams), water depth, and sediment types along a 1.5 km stretch of river that was available to turtles outfitted with radio transmitters (N = 8) during winter. Temperature selection was assessed by comparing thermal profiles from data loggers on turtles and temperature stations within the river and other riparian habitats (e.g., ephemeral pools and oxbows). Dissolved oxygen (DO) was measured at each temperature station and turtle location. Wood turtles overwintered in the river, which was colder (~0 °C), had more stable temperatures, and provided higher DO (12.64 ppm) compared with adjacent habitats. Some turtles selected structured refuges for overwintering. Winter movements were not related to temperature or DO, but may be related to maintaining a certain distance from shore and water depth to protect against accidental relocations during winter. We discuss hibernacula as potential factors limiting the northern distribution of wood turtles, a species at risk in Canada.

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MacNeill, Amy L., Elizabeth W. Uhl, Holly Kolenda-Roberts y Elliott Jacobson. "Mortality in a Wood Turtle (Clemmys insculpta) Collection". Veterinary Clinical Pathology 31, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2002): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165x.2002.tb00293.x.

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10

Jones, Michael T. y Paul R. Sievert. "Effects of Stochastic Flood Disturbance on Adult Wood Turtles, Glyptemys insculpta, in Massachusetts". Canadian Field-Naturalist 123, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 2009): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v123i4.1000.

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The homing ability of non-marine turtles has been studied in a variety of taxa, and many species appear to be capable of short-range homing on the scale of several hundred meters or a few kilometers following experimental displacement. However, the behavioral response of turtles following a naturally caused displacement has seldom been reported. In this paper, we describe the effect of displacement ranging from 1.4 to 16.8 km (average = 4.8 km) by severe floods in a stream system in Massachusetts. We radio-tracked 38 adult Wood Turtles (Glyptemys insculpta) at five separate sites in Franklin County, Massachusetts, for periods ranging from one to four activity seasons and documented the displacement of a total of 12 Wood Turtles during seven floods between 2004 and 2008. Based on the average rate of displacement per flood and annual flood frequency, we estimate that, during our study, floods displaced over 40% of this Wood Turtle subpopulation annually. We present evidence that displacement results in elevated mortality rates and that displaced Wood Turtles mate and nest in the year following displacement at rates well below average; on a longer time scale, however, displacement by flooding may be an important mechanism of population connectivity in some areas. We also present evidence that most Wood Turtles avoid stream segments with stream gradient steeper than 1%; this may in part reflect an adaptation to avoid severe floods. Regional models and empirical data from stream gages suggest that flood intensity may currently be on an increasing trend. Conversion of upland from forest and fields to impervious surfaces and hardening of upstream riverbanks may have exacerbated recent flooding and decreased the resiliency of the riparian system to increased precipitation.

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11

Walde, Andrew D., J. Roger Bider, Claude Daigle, Denis Masse, Jean-Claude Bourgeois, Jacques Jutras y Rodger D. Titman. "Ecological Aspects of a Wood Turtle, Glyptemys insculpta, Population at the Northern Limit of its Range in Québec". Canadian Field-Naturalist 117, n.º 3 (1 de julio de 2003): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v117i3.739.

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As part of a conservation research initiative, a population of Wood Turtles (Glyptemys insculpta) at the northern limit of its range was studied to ascertain characteristics of its demographics, morphometrics, density, mortality, feeding, and mating activities. Turtles were captured and marked during the activity period in 1996 and 1997. In addition, 20 individuals were radio-tracked weekly. A total of 188 turtles was captured and the size of the population in the study area was estimated at 238 turtles. The estimated population density based on this calculation is 0.44 turtles/ha. This is less than other studies indicating that population densities are greater in southern populations. Turtles from this population were large (carapace length of males=214.5 ± 4.21 mm, females=201.1 ± 10.88 mm) which supports the hypothesis that turtle size is negatively correlated with number of frost free days. The sex ratio was not significantly different from 1:1. Juvenile turtles accounted for 31.4% of the population. Observations of feeding habits support the claim that Wood Turtles are opportunistic omnivores. Of the 35 mating or courtship events observed, 77 % occurred in the fall and half of them between 11:00 and 13:00. Although limb and tail injuries and parasites were observed on many turtles, no dead turtles were observed. This last result, combined with the high rate of recruitment and even sex ratio suggests that this population is stable, making it an ideal population with which to make comparisons with other studies in areas where the species could be in decline.

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HARNOSTER, FLORENCE, ROMAN SVITIN y LOUIS DU PREEZ. "Serpinema cayennensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Camallanidae), a parasite of the freshwater turtle Rhinoclemmys punctularia Daudin (Reptilia: Testudines: Geoemydidae) from French Guiana: morphology and phylogenetic relationships with other turtle-parasitising camallanids". Zootaxa 4679, n.º 1 (1 de octubre de 2019): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4679.1.11.

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The genus Serpinema was erected from the genus Camallanus to include species parasitising freshwater turtles. Following this, the taxonomic status of Serpinema was challenged by different authors considering it as a subgenus or junior synonym of Camallanus. Several specimens of these nematodes were retrieved from the spot-legged wood turtle Rhinoclemmys punctularia from Cayenne, French Guiana. These specimens clearly differed from previously reported Serpinema and Camallanus species parasitising turtles by the number of caudal papillae, shape of spicules and development of vulvar lips. Based on morphological characters the nematodes were assigned to the genus Serpinema and described as a new species S. cayennensis n. sp. The description followed by the molecular data analyses based on 28S, 18S rDNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene sequences.

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13

Gräf, Andreas, John Gilhen y Jill D. Adams. "The Wood Turtle, Glyptemys insculpta, at River Denys: A Second Population for Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia". Canadian Field-Naturalist 117, n.º 3 (1 de julio de 2003): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v117i3.743.

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The Wood Turtle, Glyptemys insculpta, population at River Denys, Inverness County, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, was unknown except locally until listed in a provincial survey in 1995. Subsequently a hatchling was photographed at McLennan Brook on 17 September 1999, and three adult males were photographed between 14 and 19 September 2000. Two adult females were photographed at South Side River Denys on 18 June 2001. An excavated nest and empty egg shells were located at the same time on a stony-gravel bank at the outflow of McLennan Brook, and one sub-adult male was found at the edge of a hay field on 19 August 2001. Additional observations made of a nesting site and five basking sites, mostly along the main branch of River Denys, provide further evidence that a breeding population of Wood Turtles exists in River Denys watershed.

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Brown, Donald J., Madaline M. Cochrane y Ron A. Moen. "Survey and analysis design for wood turtle population monitoring". Journal of Wildlife Management 81, n.º 5 (2 de abril de 2017): 868–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21249.

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Petrov, Kristen, Jessica Lewis, Natasha Malkiewicz, James U. Van Dyke y Ricky-John Spencer. "Food abundance and diet variation in freshwater turtles from the mid-Murray River, Australia". Australian Journal of Zoology 66, n.º 1 (2018): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo17060.

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Consumers usually respond to variations in prey availability by altering their foraging strategies. Generalist consumers forage on a diversity of resources and have greater potential to ‘switch’ their diet in response to fluctuations in prey availability, in comparison to specialist consumers. We aimed to determine how the diets of two specialist species (the eastern long-necked turtle (Chelodina longicollis) and the broad-shelled turtle (Chelodina expansa) and the more generalist Murray River short-necked turtle (Emydura macquarii) respond to variation in habitat and prey availability. We trapped and stomach-flushed turtles, and compared their diets along with environmental variables (turbidity, macrophyte and filamentous green algae cover, and aquatic invertebrate diversity and abundance) at four wetlands in north-central Victoria. Diets of E. macquarii differed from those of both Chelodina species, which overlapped, across all four sites. However, samples sizes for the two Chelodina species were too small to compare among-wetland variation in diet. Dietary composition of E. macquarii was variable but did not differ statistically among sites. Emydura macquarii preferentially selected filamentous green algae at three of the four sites. Where filamentous green algae were rare, total food bolus volume was reduced and E. macquarii only partially replaced it with other food items, including other vegetation, wood, and animal prey. Many turtles at these sites also had empty stomachs. Thus, filamentous green algae may be a limiting food for E. macquarii. Although E. macquarii has previously been described as a generalist, it appears to have limited ability to replace filamentous green algae with other food items when filamentous green algae are rare.

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Braman, D. R., A. R. Sweet y J. F. Lerbekmo. "Upper Cretaceous - lower Tertiary lithostratigraphic relationships of three cores from Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, Canada". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 36, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 1999): 669–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e97-108.

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Cores from three stratigraphic test holes provide a relatively complete section from the lower Maastrichtian into the Paleocene. The hole drilled in the Cypress Hills of Alberta recovered core from the Ravenscrag Formation to the top of the Eastend Formation and demonstrated that most of the stratigraphy above the Battle Formation is assignable to the Ravenscrag Formation. The hole drilled in the Wood Mountain area of Saskatchewan recovered core from the Ravenscrag Formation to the Bearpaw Formation. This core helps explain the difficulty that has been encountered subdividing the interval between the Bearpaw and Ravenscrag formations into separate formations and provides a cored record of all the Ravenscrag coals within the Wood Mountain area. The core hole drilled at Turtle Mountain, Manitoba, recovered core from the Turtle Mountain Formation to the Pierre Formation. It demonstrates the difficulty in separating the Peace Garden and Goodlands members of the Turtle Mountain Formation, is useful as a principal reference section for the Coulter Member of the Pierre Formation, documents a disconformity within the Pierre Formation, and crosses the obscure contact between the Coulter and Odanah members.

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Buhlmann, Kurt A. y Colin P. Osborn. "Use of an Artificial Nesting Mound by Wood Turtles (Glyptemys insculpta): A Tool for Turtle Conservation". Northeastern Naturalist 18, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2011): 315–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1656/045.018.0305.

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18

Ernst, Carl H. "Environmental Temperatures and Activities in the Wood Turtle, Clemmys insculpta". Journal of Herpetology 20, n.º 2 (junio de 1986): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1563947.

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Tessier, Nathalie, Sébastien Rioux Paquette y François-Joseph Lapointe. "Conservation genetics of the wood turtle (Glyptemys insculpta) in Quebec, Canada". Canadian Journal of Zoology 83, n.º 6 (1 de junio de 2005): 765–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z05-065.

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Throughout its range, the long-term persistence of the wood turtle (Glyptemys insculpta Le Conte, 1830) is jeopardized by habitat perturbations and commercial collection. The main objective of this study was to acquire knowledge on the genetic structure of wood turtle populations within Quebec, where the species reaches the northernmost limit of its range, to identify proper conservation units. The six known populations in Quebec were genetically characterized using five microsatellite loci. Genetic analyses revealed high variability among all populations (HO ranging from 0.561 to 0.886), suggesting that past population declines have not yet affected their genetic diversity. Since populations are located on both shores of the St. Lawrence River, two colonization hypotheses were tested to determine whether the River acted as a dispersal route or as a barrier. Results of AMOVA tests, phylogenetic analyses, and assignment tests demonstrated the clear distinction between populations from both shores, and three genetically different units were identified: the two populations on the north shore and a single homogenous group on the south shore.

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Brooks, Ronald J., Cathy M. Shilton, Gregory P. Brown y Norman W. S. Quinn. "Body size, age distribution, and reproduction in a northern population of wood turtles (Clemmys insculpta)". Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 1992): 462–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-070.

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A population of the wood turtle (Clemmys insculpta) was studied on the east side of Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, from 1987 to 1990. A total of 77 adults (56 females, 21 males) and 13 juveniles were captured, measured, and individually marked. Age at maturity was 17–18 years at a minimum carapace length of 185 mm for females and 199 mm for males. Our data supported the hypothesis that turtles in northern populations are larger and older at maturity than are those in southern populations. For 21 nests, mean clutch size was 8.8 eggs and egg mass was 96 g. Predators destroyed 15 of 17 nests in 1990, and had injured 60% of adult turtles observed. Therefore, our population had low recruitment, few juveniles, and high levels of predation on nests and adults. Comparisons among females refuted two predictions from optimal egg size theory. Mean width and mass, but not length, of eggs correlated positively with female size, and correlated positively with clutch size, even after effects of body size were removed by partial correlation. However, smaller females in the population had relatively longer eggs than did larger females, whereas the Algonquin females have absolutely smaller eggs than do much smaller females in a New Jersey population.

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McCoard, Kathryn R. P., Anthony A. Billings y James T. Anderson. "Wood Turtle Home Range and Habitat Use in the Central Appalachians". Chelonian Conservation and Biology 15, n.º 2 (diciembre de 2016): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2744/ccb-1215.1.

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Cassola, Francesca Maura, Yann Henaut, José Rogelio Cedeño-Vázquez, Fausto Roberto Méndez-de la Cruz y Benjamín Morales-Vela. "Temperament and sexual behaviour in the Furrowed Wood Turtle Rhinoclemmys areolata". PLOS ONE 15, n.º 12 (30 de diciembre de 2020): e0244561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244561.

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The variation in temperament among animals has consequences for evolution and ecology. One of the primary effects of consistent behavioral differences is on reproduction. In chelonians some authors have focused on the study of temperament using different methods. In our research our first aim was i) establish a methodology to determine the degree of boldness among individuals Rhinoclemmys areolata. Our second aim was to ii) determine the role boldness plays during reproduction, with emphasis on courtship and copulation, considering a) the interactions between males and females, and b) competition between males. We used 16 sexually mature individuals of each sex. Males were observed in four different situations and 17 behavioral traits were recorded. We selected 12 traits that allowed us distinguish between the bolder and the shier individuals and found that five behavioral traits were specific for bolder individuals and five others for shier individuals. In a second step, we observed a male in presence of a female and recorded courtship behaviors and breeding attempts. Bolder individuals did not display courtship behaviors and just attempted to copulate. Shier individuals displayed courtship behaviors and copulation attempts were rarely observed. Finally, in the simulations that compared two males in the presence of a female we noticed that bolder individuals displayed courtship behaviors while the shier ones simply ignored the female. Our results first allowed us to determine which methodology is the best to determine temperament in turtles. Secondly, temperament seems to be an important factor in modulating interaction between males and females. Bolder individuals have an advantage during competition and display courtship behaviours only if other males are present. Shier males displayed courtship behaviors and only try to copulate when no competitors were present. These two different temperament-dependant strategies are discussed in terms of ecology, evolution and management.

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Lovich, Jeffrey E., Carl H. Ernst y John F. McBreen. "Growth, maturity, and sexual dimorphism in the wood turtle, Clemmys insculpta". Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 1990): 672–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-098.

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Growth in the wood turtle (Clemmys insculpta) is described using the von Bertalanffy growth model and nonlinear regression. Growth in both sexes is similar until about 160 mm plastron length. Males grew at a faster rate after this size. Males appear to mature at a larger size and later age than females, although age-specific body size is highly variable. Sexual size dimorphism, in carapace length, is pronounced, with males attaining mean body sizes significantly larger (1.07–1.10 times) than those of adult females. Plastron length is an inappropriate measure of sexual size dimorphism because of the development of plastral concavity in males. Females tend to predominate in samples, possibly owing to differential maturity of the sexes. The direction of sexual size dimorphism may be maintained by intrasexual competition among males for access to females. Data for several adults captured at intervals of from 9 to 20 years support the concept of indeterminate growth.

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Bougie, T. A., N. W. Byer, C. N. Lapin, M. Zachariah Peery, J. E. Woodford y J. N. Pauli. "Wood Turtle (Glyptemys insculpta) nest protection reduces depredation and increases success, but annual variation influences its effectiveness". Canadian Journal of Zoology 98, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2020): 715–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2020-0064.

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Habitat loss is the leading cause of species extinctions and is especially detrimental to habitat specialists. Freshwater turtles require specific habitat types at different points in their life cycle; notably, the loss of nesting habitat has led to increased nest depredation and adult mortality. In response, conservationists have implemented nest protection and habitat restoration programs to recover declining populations. Although assumed to increase nest survival, effectiveness of these methods has not been rigorously quantified. We located Wood Turtle (Glyptemys insculpta (Le Conte, 1830)) nests in Wisconsin (USA) and conducted two analyses — logistic regression and logistic exposure — to investigate the influence of management actions and environmental factors on nest survival. The depredation rate decreased by 47% for protected nests and declined as nests aged; the success rate increased by 28% for protected nests and increased for nests in areas with fewer roads. We found high annual variation in success, and although weather variables were not predictive, likely due to their coarse scale, we posit that this inter-annual variation was driven by variation in weather conditions. Our results suggest that nest protection is effective at increasing nest survival, but future efforts should span multiple years to account for the effects of annual variation in environmental conditions.

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Willoughby, Janna R., Mekala Sundaram, Timothy L. Lewis y Bradley J. Swanson. "Population Decline in a Long-Lived Species: The Wood Turtle in Michigan". Herpetologica 69, n.º 2 (junio de 2013): 186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1655/herpetologica-d-12-00033r2.

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McCoard, Kathryn R. P., Noah S. McCoard y James T. Anderson. "Observations of Wood Turtle Activity, Diet, Movements, and Morphometrics in the Central Appalachians". Northeastern Naturalist 25, n.º 4 (1 de noviembre de 2018): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1656/045.025.0401.

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Daigle, Claude y Jacques Jutras. "Quantitative Evidence of Decline in a Southern Québec Wood Turtle (Glyptemys insculpta) Population". Journal of Herpetology 39, n.º 1 (marzo de 2005): 130–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511(2005)039[0130:qeodia]2.0.co;2.

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28

Gibbons, L. M. y T. R. Platt. "Rhinoclemmysnema n. g. and three new species of nematodes of the family Atractidae (Cosmocercoidea), with notes on the helminth fauna of Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima (Testudines: Bataguridae) in Costa Rica". Journal of Helminthology 80, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2006): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/joh2006360.

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AbstractRhinoclemmysnema n. g. and three new species of atractid nematodes, namely, Atractis costaricaensis n. sp., Orientatractis asymmetrica n. sp. and Rhinoclemmysnema multilabiatum were recovered from the small and large intestine of Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima, the painted wood turtle in the Guanacaste Conservation Area, Costa Rica. The genera and three species are characterized by the features of the cephalic region and male tail. Neopolystoma fentoni (conjuctival sac) and Heronimus mollis (lungs) were also collected.

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Hughes, Geoffrey N. y Jacqueline D. Litzgus. "Impact of natural resource extraction on thermal properties of wood turtle (Glyptemys insculpta) habitat". Journal of Thermal Biology 84 (agosto de 2019): 469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.07.031.

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30

Paterson, J. E., B. D. Steinberg y J. D. Litzgus. "Revealing a cryptic life-history stage: differences in habitat selection and survivorship between hatchlings of two turtle species at risk (Glyptemys insculpta and Emydoidea blandingii)". Wildlife Research 39, n.º 5 (2012): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr12039.

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Context Turtles are one of the most imperilled taxonomic groups worldwide and information about population ecology is essential to species recovery. Although the spatial ecology and demography of adults of several turtle species have been well studied, little is known about early life stages. The small size, soft shell, and limited mobility of hatchling turtles may cause differences in survivorship and habitat selection compared with adults. Aims We tested the hypothesis that hatchling turtles select habitat as they move away from nests, so as to reduce the risk of predation and desiccation. Methods We examined survivorship, behaviour and habitat selection at two spatial scales in hatchling Blanding’s turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) and wood turtles (Glyptemys insculpta) in 2009 and 2010, using radio-telemetry in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada. In addition, temperatures of sites used by hatchlings during winter were compared with those at haphazard stations in various habitats. Key results The mortality rate was high, with 42% of E. blandingii and 11% of G. insculpta hatchlings surviving to winter; most mortality was caused by predation. Most behavioural observations for both species were of individuals hiding under cover. Both species showed evidence of macrohabitat and microhabitat selection as they dispersed from nests towards overwintering sites, and important variables in the models differed between species. Likewise, the adult stages of these two species differ in their macrohabitat specialisation. There was also evidence that hatchlings chose overwintering sites on the basis of temperature. Conclusions Despite significant differences in survivorship between hatchlings and adults, resource selection was similar between these two demographic stages, and conservation plans based on adult habitat use should simultaneously protect hatchlings. Implications Understanding habitat selection by juveniles is important for testing hypotheses about ontogenetic shifts in resource selection and for protecting habitat for species at risk.

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Lacoursière-Roussel, Anaïs, Yohann Dubois, Eric Normandeau y Louis Bernatchez. "Improving herpetological surveys in eastern North America using the environmental DNA method". Genome 59, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2016): 991–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2015-0218.

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Among vertebrates, herpetofauna has the highest proportion of declining species. Detection of environmental DNA (eDNA) is a promising method towards significantly increasing large-scale herpetological conservation efforts. However, the integration of eDNA results within a management framework requires an evaluation of the efficiency of the method in large natural environments and the calibration of eDNA surveys with the quantitative monitoring tools currently used by conservation biologists. Towards this end, we first developed species-specific primers to detect the wood turtle (Glyptemys insculpta) a species at risk in Canada, by quantitative PCR (qPCR). The rate of eDNA detection obtained by qPCR was also compared to the relative abundance of this species in nine rivers obtained by standardized visual surveys in the Province of Québec (Canada). Second, we developed multi-species primers to detect North American amphibian and reptile species using eDNA metabarcoding analysis. An occurrence index based on the distribution range and habitat type was compared with the eDNA metabarcoding dataset from samples collected in seven lakes and five rivers. Our results empirically support the effectiveness of eDNA metabarcoding to characterize herpetological species distributions. Moreover, detection rates provided similar results to standardized visual surveys currently used to develop conservation strategies for the wood turtle. We conclude that eDNA detection rates may provide an effective semiquantitative survey tool, provided that assay calibration and standardization is performed.

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Tolinggi, Siti Nur Rahmatia. "Substitution of Synthetic Dye with Secang Wood Solution in Ku’uTraditional Cakes". Jurnal Agercolere 2, n.º 2 (14 de enero de 2021): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37195/jac.v2i2.115.

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Ku’u cake is a traditional food made from glutinous rice flour filled with green beans, has a chewy texture and has a pink pigment. The Ku cake is shaped like a turtle shell. The research objectives were to determine the addition of secang wood solution that can be used as a natural dye, to determine the anthocyanin levels, antioxidant activity, and to determine the level of acceptance of the panelists from traditional ku dumplings with natural dye of secang wood. The design in this study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments (P0: synthetic dye (control), P1: 2% secang wood synthetic dye, P2: 4% secang wood synthetic dye and P3: secang wood synthetic dye 6%) . The results showed the effect of making the cake using synthetic dyes with secang wood solution had a significant effect on anthocyanin levels, antioxidant levels and color levels. The values of anthocyanin levels at P0, P1, P2, and P3 were: 2.51, 3.27, 3.79 and 4.45, the antioxidant levels were (P0: 2.15 P1: 3,38 P2: 4,27 and P3: 6,49) and the color content, P0: 30,54 P1: 43,98 P2: 33,06 and P3: 32,43. For organoleptic test results on color, taste, aroma and texture, the recommended treatment is P1.

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Rutherford, Jenny L., Gary S. Casper y Brent Graves. "Factors Affecting Predation on Wood Turtle (Glyptemys insculpta) Nests in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan". Chelonian Conservation and Biology 15, n.º 2 (diciembre de 2016): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2744/ccb-1180.1.

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Curtis, Jessica y Peter Vila. "The Ecology of the Wood Turtle (Glyptemys insculpta) in the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia". Northeastern Naturalist 22, n.º 2 (junio de 2015): 387–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1656/045.022.0213.

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Spradling, Theresa A., Jeffrey W. Tamplin, Samantha S. Dow y K. J. Meyer. "Conservation genetics of a peripherally isolated population of the wood turtle (Glyptemys insculpta) in Iowa". Conservation Genetics 11, n.º 5 (11 de marzo de 2010): 1667–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-010-0059-y.

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36

Kalinowski, Angela y Hans Taeuber. "A new Antonine inscription and a new imperial statue-group from the bouleuterion at Ephesos". Journal of Roman Archaeology 14 (2001): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104775940001998x.

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This paper presents a new inscription from Ephesos, one not discovered through recent excavation or survey, but rather through archival research in the papers of John Turtle Wood, the first excavator of the site. Wood discovered this inscription and several others during his excavations of the bouleuterion. The stone, a low statue-base inscribed with three short lines of text, is lost. It exists only as a sketch in one of Wood's letters archived in the British Museum. When taken in the context of the other inscriptions from the bouleuterion at Ephesos, this statue-base inscription suggests that an imperial statue-group stood in the building. It also may be added to the corpus of inscriptions concerning P. Vedius Antoninus III, the well-known benefactor of Ephesos. The first part of this paper discusses the discovery of the new inscription in the archive; the second part discusses its significance.

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37

Cross, Jennifer, Robert Cross, Derek Chartrand y Dean G. Thompson. "Characterizing Wood Turtle (Glyptemys insculpta) Populations at the Northwestern Periphery of the Species' Range in Canada". Northeastern Naturalist 25, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2018): 571–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1656/045.025.0404.

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Akre, Thomas S., Lillian D. Parker, Ellery Ruther, Jesus E. Maldonado, Lorien Lemmon y Nancy Rotzel McInerney. "Concurrent visual encounter sampling validates eDNA selectivity and sensitivity for the endangered wood turtle (Glyptemys insculpta)". PLOS ONE 14, n.º 4 (24 de abril de 2019): e0215586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215586.

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Kofron, Christopher P. "Aspects of ecology of the threatened ringed sawback turtle, Graptemys oculifera". Amphibia-Reptilia 12, n.º 2 (1991): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853891x00130.

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AbstractThe ringed sawback turtle, Graptemys oculifem, is endemic to the Pearl River system of Louisiana and Mississippi in southern USA. In 1986 the species was placed on the U.S. Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Species with status designation of 'threatened'. Existing museum specimens were examined to determine geographic distribution, food, growth and reproduction. Caddisflies, dipteran flies, mayflies, beetles and plant material were the most important food. Many stomachs contained small pieces of wood, suggesting that fallen tree trunks were a "grazing" substrate. Males ranged from 3.2-8.6 cm plastron length, and attained sexual maturity during the third or fourth year at lengths of about 6.0-7.0 cm. Adult males experienced recrudescence of testes, with maximum testis lengths during August and September indicating the probable time of spermatogenesis. Females ranged from 3.3-18.9 cm plastron length, and appeared to attain sexual maturity during the seventh or eighth year at lengths greater than 10.0 cm. The data suggested that ovulation occurs from May through July, nesting during June and ,July, and hatching at least during August. Clutch size appeared to be just two or three eggs.

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Arbour, Victoria M., David C. Evans, D. Jade Simon, Thomas M. Cullen y Dennis Braman. "Cretaceous flora and fauna of the Sustut Group near the Sustut River, northern British Columbia, Canada". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 57, n.º 6 (junio de 2020): 671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2019-0031.

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A partial ornithischian dinosaur skeleton discovered near the Sustut River in 1971 has, to date, represented the only vertebrate fossil remains recovered from the Sustut Basin in northern British Columbia, Canada, but the geological provenance and age of this specimen has remained unclear. We provide new data on the age of this dinosaur specimen based on reconnaissance palaeontological prospecting along the Sustut River, and also report new vertebrate and plant fossils from this region. A skeletal fragment of a species of the turtle Basilemys Hay, 1902 was discovered at a site closely matching field notes describing the initial collection of the ornithischian dinosaur, suggesting that the new turtle fossil derives from the same locality as the dinosaur. Palynomorphs collected from this site include the marker taxon Pseudoaquilapollenites bertillonites (Sriv.), found in the lower Hell Creek Formation, and suggesting an age range of between 68.2 and 67.2 Ma for the locality. To the west of this locality we discovered multiple new fossil plant sites preserving wood and the leaves of Metasequoia Miki and several angiosperms, and one site preserved fronds resembling a species of the tree fern Coniopteris Brong., suggesting a Cenomanian or older age for sites in the area. The complex translational history of the Intermontane Terrane means that the newly discovered turtle may not represent a northern range extension for Basilemys, but it does represent one of the westernmost occurrences of this genus. The discovery of new vertebrate fossil remains in a region with relatively little accessible outcrop at present indicates the potential for future discoveries in the higher elevation outcrops of the Sustut Basin in this mountainous region of British Columbia.

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41

Saumure, Raymond A., Thomas B. Herman y Rodger D. Titman. "Effects of haying and agricultural practices on a declining species: The North American wood turtle, Glyptemys insculpta". Biological Conservation 135, n.º 4 (abril de 2007): 565–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2006.11.003.

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Lerbekmo, J. F. "Magnetostratigraphy of the Canadian Continental Drilling Program Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) Boundary Project core holes, western Canada". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 36, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 1999): 705–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e98-066.

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The Canadian Continental Drilling Program (CCDP) Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Project cored three holes, to 160, 188, and 170 m in southern Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, respectively, to intersect the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. One hundred and seventy to 200 samples from 50 to 60 levels were taken from each of these unoriented cores for magnetostratigraphy. Samples were subjected to both alternating field (AF) and thermal cleaning. AF demagnetization in steps of 5 mT up to 30 mT showed that samples from all three cores carried only a low-coercivity viscous overprint, which was largely removed at 10 mT. Thus, three samples from each depth were routinely demagnetized at 10 mT or 100°C. The magnetic inclination of the sample giving the smallest measuring error was chosen to indicate the polarity at that depth. With the aid of palynologic control, magnetochrons 29n to 30r inclusively, in the Ravenscrag, Frenchman, Battle, Whitemud, and Eastend formations, were identified in the Elkwater core hole, western Cypress Hills, Alberta (49°36'N, 110°18'W). The Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary is missing at the Frenchman-Ravenscrag contact. The Wood Mountain core hole (49°05'N, 106°16'W) spans the interval from magnetozone 28n to 30r in the Ravenscrag, Frenchman, Battle, Whitemud, Eastend, and Bearpaw formations. The Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary is present in 29r. The Turtle Mountain core (49°01'N, 100°33'W) has a number of significant disconformities; only magnetozones 28n, 28r, 29n, 30n, and 32n or 33n are present in the Turtle Mountain, Boissevain, and Pierre formations. At the Cretaceous-Tertiary contact near the base of the Turtle Mountain Formation, there is a hiatus of 0.6 × 106 to 0.8 × 106 years. At the Campanian-Maastrichtian contact, between the Odanah and Coulter members of the Pierre Formation, there is a time gap of at least 3 × 106 years but probably about 6 × 106 years.

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43

Zarubin, Boris E., Vyacheslav V. Kolesnikov, Anna V. Kozlova, Maria S. Shevnina y Alexander V. Economov. "Species structure of small game hunting in the Kirov region at the beginning of the XXI century". Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 22, n.º 4 (27 de agosto de 2021): 597–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2021.22.4.597-607.

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An assessment of the species structure and size of small game prey for the spring and autumn-winter hunting seasons on the territory of the Kirov region was made, using a questionnaire survey based on the analysis of the prey of 3220 individuals. Small game includes such species (groups of species) as mallard, Northern shoveler, pintail, teal-whistle, teal cracker (Garganey), Eurasian wigeon, diving ducks, white-fronted goose, bean goose, wood grouse, black grouse, hazel grouse, woodcock, double snipe, snipe, corncrake, wood pigeon, turtle doves, white hare, European hare. The average index of production by species and groups of species per 1 hunter, who went hunting in the spring and autumn-winter seasons, has been calculated. The size of game catch during the spring hunting was 135.8 thousand individuals, in the autumn-winter hunting season -470 thousand individuals. The summation of the results obtained made it possible to estimate the volume of the total (annual) catch of small game in the amount of almost 606 thousand individuals. The main species are the mallard, hazel grouse, white hare, woodcock, black grouse, Eurasian wigeon, teal cracker (Garganey), Northern shoveler, wood grouse, white-fronted goose, bean goose, teal-whistle, their total share is 94.88% of the annual production of small game. The first five species can be assessed as the most massive in production (or popular), the share of each of them is over 10% of the total production, and in total they amount to 70.4%.

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Braman, D. R. y A. R. Sweet. "Terrestrial palynomorph biostratigraphy of the Cypress Hills, Wood Mountain, and Turtle Mountain areas (Upper Cretaceous - Paleocene) of western Canada". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 36, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 1999): 725–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e98-003.

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Three cored test holes were drilled to study the stratigraphic interval spanning the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary: one in the western Cypress Hills near Elkwater, Alberta; a second in the eastern portion of the Wood Mountain area near Killdeer, Saskatchewan; and a third on the western edge of Turtle Mountain near Goodlands, Manitoba. The terrestrial elements of the palynological assemblages are discussed. The Maastrichtian assemblages encompassed the Scollardia trapaformis Zone and two new subzones, Myrtipites scabratus - Aquilapollenites delicatus var. collaris and Porosipollis porosus - Aquilapollenites notabile within the Wodehouseia spinata Zone. The Paleocene zones encountered include the Aquilapollenites reticulatus Subzone of the W. spinata Zone, the previously described Wodehouseia fimbriata and Momipites wyomingensis zones, and the newly defined Tricolporopollenites kruschii Zone. These provide a biostratigraphy for the cored intervals which can be related to polarity chrons. The observations made demonstrate that existing zonations are not applicable basin wide, as there are chronologically distinct disconformity-bounded sequences in western and eastern basin sectors. Apparent diachronisms within the preserved assemblages were documented by earlier entry levels within the Momipites lineage and a significant upwards extention in the range of W. fimbriata in the eastern part of the basin.

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45

Castellano, Christina M., John L. Behler y George Amato. "Genetic diversity and population genetic structure of the Wood Turtle (Glyptemys insculpta) at Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, USA". Conservation Genetics 10, n.º 6 (11 de noviembre de 2008): 1783–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-008-9743-6.

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46

Mothes, Caitlin C., Hunter J. Howell y Christopher A. Searcy. "Habitat suitability models for the imperiled wood turtle (Glyptemys insculpta) raise concerns for the species’ persistence under future climate change". Global Ecology and Conservation 24 (diciembre de 2020): e01247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01247.

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47

Donkow, Izabella. "The Ephesus excavations 1863–1874, in the light of the Ottoman legislation on antiquities". Anatolian Studies 54 (diciembre de 2004): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066154600000594.

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AbstractThe article discusses the introduction of Ottoman legislation on antiquities and its implication for the Ephesus excavations of 1863–1874, led by John Turtle Wood on behalf of the British Museum. It is argued that instrumental in the termination of the archaeological works at the site was the Ottoman law on antiquities of 1874, which was about to be promulgated and the recurrent difficulties in obtaining renewal of a firman, necessary for any archaeological endeavours undertaken by foreigners. Attention is drawn to the close relationship between the rise of the Imperial Museum in Istanbul, the promulgation and implementation of the Ottoman legislation on antiquities and their effect on circumscribing the archaeological activities of foreign nations. Growing contemporary Ottoman interest in antiquities, reflecting an increased awareness of their role in the re-definition of the identity of the country, laying claim to participation in European culture, is briefly touched upon.

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48

Storey, K. B. "Life in a frozen state: adaptive strategies for natural freeze tolerance in amphibians and reptiles". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 258, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 1990): R559—R568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1990.258.3.r559.

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Winter survival for various species of amphibians and reptiles that hibernate on land depends on freeze tolerance, the ability to survive for long periods of time with up to 65% of total body water as extracellular ice. Freeze tolerance has been described for four species of frogs, one salamander, and hatchlings of the painted turtle. A very limited tolerance also occurs in garter snakes. Studies of freeze tolerance in vertebrates have primarily focused on the wood frog Rana sylvatica and have assessed the regulation of cryoprotectant synthesis, cryoprotectant action in freezing preservation of isolated cells and tissues, metabolism and energetics under the ischemic conditions imposed by freezing, and the role of ice-nucleating agents in blood. The adaptations that preserve life at subzero temperatures for these animals illustrate the principles of vertebrate organ cryopreservation and may have important applications in the development of technology for the freezing preservation of transplantable human organs.

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49

Calder, Dale R. "Associations between hydroid species assemblages and substrate types in the mangal at Twin Cays, Belize". Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 1991): 2067–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-288.

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Hydroid species composition on various substrates in a mangrove ecosystem was investigated during the winter of 1987 at Twin Cays, Belize, Central America. Soft sediments, on which hydroids were either depauperate (peat) or not observed at all (silt, sand, mud), predominated in the study area. However, firm substrates, including submerged prop roots of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), turtle grass (Thalassia testudinum), benthic algae (Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta), floating algae (Turbinaria turbinata and Sargassum fluitans), epibenthic invertebrates (especially sponges, hydroids, molluscs, and crustaceans), wood, and rope, supported a moderately diverse hydroid fauna (48 species). More hydroid species (22) were found on mangrove prop roots than on any other substrate. Six substrate groups and 11 species groups were recognized in numerical analyses of hydroid–substrate frequency data. Constancy of species groups for substrate groups was mostly low or very low, reflecting the low frequency of occurrence of most hydroid species in collections from Twin Cays. Fidelity of some species groups for certain substrate groups was high, especially for those groups occurring on drifting algae and rope. Although most hydroid species were relatively facultative with respect to substrate, bottom type was an important factor influencing their distributions.

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Mohd Salleh, Sarahaizad, Hideaki Nishizawa, Shahrul Anuar Mohd Sah y Mohd Fardianshah Safri. "Spatiotemporal preferences in nesting of the hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) in Melaka, Malaysia". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 98, n.º 8 (26 de octubre de 2017): 2145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315417001734.

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Nesting of hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) was monitored in 2013 and 2014 at 20 nesting beaches along the shores of Melaka, Peninsular Malaysia. Total nest numbers found were 481 and 463 in 2013 and 2014, respectively. The mean clutch size in 2013 of 123.5 ± 32.3 (SD) was similar to that in 2014 (118.5 ± 39.7). The distributions of nests were not uniform among the 20 beaches, and a large number of nests were found in Padang Kemunting, Kem Terendak, and Pulau Upeh, where the beaches were not always long. The nest sites indicated that the hawksbill turtle preferred to build its nest within the woody vegetation zone. The preferred vegetation species was Scaevola taccada. The temporal nesting pattern was year-round in both years, but the peak nesting season was between May and August, in the south-west monsoon season, possibly due to the gentle winds during this period. The turtles tended to nest between 22:01 and 24:00 h. This study provides basic information about hawksbill turtle nesting and insights into their spatial and temporal nesting preferences, which will contribute towards the conservation of this endangered species.

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